Method of powering electrical devices using a bidirectional charging system from an electric or hybrid vehicle

Abstract

Method for powering electrical devices by a bidirectional charging system of an electric or hybrid vehicle. The present invention relates to a method for powering (100) electrical devices connected to an electric vehicle equipped with a bidirectional charging system comprising an external charging socket, an internal charging socket, and two electrical conductors connecting the external and internal charging sockets to a power electronics stage by means of first and second switches respectively, the power supply method (100) comprising the steps of: - detection (111) of a connection of a first electrical device to the external charging socket, - closing (112) of the first switches, - activation (113) of the power electronics stage and powering the first electrical device, - detection (114) of a connection of a second electrical device to the internal charging socket.- detection (115) of the zero crossing of the alternating voltage applied between the two electrical conductors, - closing (116) of the second switches at zero voltage. (Figure 3),

Description

Title of the invention: Method for powering electrical devices using a bidirectional charging system from an electric or hybrid vehicle

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of the automotive industry and more specifically concerns a method of supplying electrical devices connected to an electric or hybrid vehicle equipped with a bidirectional charging system, as well as a bidirectional charging system enabling such a supply.

[0002] Some electric vehicles are equipped with bidirectional chargers. Such a bidirectional charger is not only capable of charging the high-voltage battery of such a vehicle from an external charging station, but is also capable of transferring energy from the vehicle's high-voltage battery, in the form of alternating current, to an external device. This functionality is called V2L (for "Vehicle-to-Load") when the bidirectional charger is used to power a load outside the vehicle, i.e., an electrical appliance. It is otherwise called V2H (for "Vehicle-to-Home") or V2B (for "Vehicle-to-Building") when the bidirectional charger is used to power a domestic or building's electrical supply network, or V2G (for "Vehicle-to-Grid") when the bidirectional charger is used to power a power supply network from an energy provider.

[0003] It should be noted that in this application, the vehicle's high-voltage battery is understood to mean a battery capable of powering the inverter and the electric motor while the vehicle is in operation, as opposed to a service battery capable of powering the vehicle's onboard electrical system. The high-voltage battery therefore has a maximum open-circuit voltage well above 12V (volts) and is generally between 200 and 800V.

[0004] The bidirectional charger is therefore capable of converting the high voltage of the vehicle's high-voltage battery into an alternating voltage suitable for use by household appliances, for example, 230V in France, or by industrial equipment requiring a three-phase power supply. The V2L functionality is available upon detection of a connection of the electrical appliance to a vehicle charging socket, or upon activation of a command by a vehicle user. The electrical appliance can be connected to an internal vehicle charging socket, typically for plugging in a kettle, or to an external vehicle charging socket, usually used to recharge the high-voltage battery via an external charging station. A plug adapter may be necessary, for example, to allow a domestic power supply of the electrical device via the external charging socket when it is a three-phase charging socket.

[0005] The development of electric vehicles leading to new uses makes it desirable for an electric vehicle user to be able to connect both a first electrical device to the external charging socket of an electric vehicle, for example to power an electric barbecue, and a second electrical device to the internal charging socket of the vehicle, for example to power an electric kettle.

[0006] To allow simultaneous and safe use of both charging sockets on the vehicle in V2L mode, the inventors have integrated switches between the bidirectional charger and the external charging socket on the one hand, and between the bidirectional charger and the internal charging socket on the other. Thus, the external charging socket is not powered when only the internal charging socket is in use, and vice versa.

[0007] This solution is not satisfactory, however, because when a first electrical device is powered by V2L, and the user connects a second electrical device, the switches between the second electrical device and the bidirectional charger must be closed while energized, which risks damaging the switches, for example, by causing them to stick in the closed position. Similarly, when both electrical devices are powered by V2L simultaneously and the user disconnects one of the devices, the switches between that device and the bidirectional charger open while energized, which also risks damaging these switches.

[0008] It would therefore be necessary to temporarily stop the operation of the bidirectional charger during the closing or opening of switches between one of the electrical devices and the bidirectional charger when the other electrical device is supplied with V2L, but this interruption of service may damage the latter electrical device depending on its nature.

[0009] The present invention aims to remedy at least in part the aforementioned drawbacks by providing a method for supplying electrical devices connected to an electric or hybrid vehicle equipped with a bidirectional charging system, and a bidirectional charging system enabling such supply, which make it possible to secure a simultaneous supply of two electrical devices by the bidirectional charger without interruption of service when connecting or disconnecting one of the two electrical devices.

[0010] To this end, the invention proposes a method for powering electrical devices connected to an electric or hybrid vehicle, implemented by a system of bidirectional charging of a high-voltage vehicle battery, the bidirectional charging system being integrated into the vehicle and comprising at least: - an external charging socket comprising at least two electrical connections, referred to as external connections, - an internal charging socket comprising at least two electrical connections, referred to as internal connections, - at least two electrical conductors connecting said charging sockets to a power electronics stage, and - the power electronics stage, which is capable of receiving energy from the high-voltage battery and supplying an alternating voltage between the two electrical conductors, Each of the two electrical conductors splits into, on the one hand, a first branch containing a first switch and connected to an external connection separate from the external charging socket, and on the other hand, a second branch containing a second switch and connected to an internal connection separate from the internal charging socket. the power supply process comprising, in the following order, the steps of: - detection of the connection of a first electrical device to the external charging socket or to the internal charging socket, the first and second switches being open, - closing of the first switches or respectively the second switches, - activation of the power electronics stage and power supply to the first electrical device, the power supply process being characterized in that it further comprises the steps of: - detecting the connection of a second electrical device to the internal charging socket or respectively to the external charging socket, - detection of the zero crossing of the alternating voltage applied between the two electrical conductors or of the current flowing through at least one of the two electrical conductors, - closing of the second switches or respectively of the first switches to zero voltage or current, and powering of the second electrical device.

[0011] The external charging socket is accessible to the user outside the vehicle. This is, for example, the socket used to charge the vehicle's high-voltage battery; this socket is, for example, a Type 2 socket or a Combo socket according to the terminology of IEC standard 62196 (from the English "International Electrotechnical Commission"). Connecting the first or second electrical device to this external charging socket generally requires an adapter if this first or second electrical device operates on single-phase current.

[0012] The internal charging socket is located, for example, in the passenger compartment or in a cargo compartment of the vehicle when it is a commercial vehicle. In the latter case, the internal charging socket may be capable of supplying three-phase current. Connecting the first or second electrical device to the internal charging socket may therefore also require an adapter when the first or second electrical device operates on single-phase current and the charging socket is capable of supplying three-phase current.

[0013] It is therefore understood that the bidirectional charging system is generally a three-phase charging system, although the invention also works with a single-phase charging system.

[0014] In the case where the charging system is three-phase and where the two electrical devices operate in single-phase, the first or second switches closed at zero voltage or current correspond to the only two phases supplied by the three-phase charging system.

[0015] In the case where the charging system is three-phase and where one of the electrical devices operates in three-phase while the other operates in single-phase, the first or second switches closed at zero voltage or current are those which correspond to the two phases of the three-phase charging system supplying both electrical devices.

[0016] Furthermore, the detection of the connection of the first or second electrical device uses, for example, a microswitch (also called a "micro-switch" in English) located on the charging socket or on the charging socket adapter housing the electrical device in question, or the activation of the V2L functionality by a user. A human-machine interface is then available for this purpose, on a multimedia tablet in the vehicle or on the user's cordless phone, paired with the vehicle. This activation can also be carried out by the adapter, for example, via wireless communication with a communication module in the vehicle, when the adapter detects the connection of the electrical device.

[0017] Thanks to the invention, the second electrical device can be safely connected without damaging the charging system or interrupting the power supply to the first electrical device. This is because alternating current only reaches the second electrical device once it is connected, thanks to the first or second switches upstream of the charging socket to which it is connected. Furthermore, these switches close at zero voltage or current, thus preventing damage to them.

[0018] In one embodiment of the invention, the feeding method according to the invention further comprises the steps of: - detection of a disconnection of one of the first or second electrical devices, - detection of a zero crossing of the alternating voltage applied between the two electrical conductors or of the current flowing through at least one of the electrical conductors, - opening to zero voltage or current of the first or second switches corresponding to the external or internal charging socket respectively on which the disconnection of one of the first or second electrical devices was detected.

[0019] Detecting the disconnection of one of the first or second electrical devices uses, for example, a microswitch or a user control, as is the case for detecting the connection of the second electrical device. The zero-voltage or zero-current opening of the first or second switches prevents damage to them, even though the other of the first or second electrical devices is still powered.

[0020] Following this zero-voltage or zero-current opening of the first or second switches, the power supply method according to the invention comprises, for example, the steps of: - detection of a disconnection of the other, of the first or second electrical appliance, - deactivation of the power electronics stage, - opening of the first or second switches corresponding to the external or internal charging socket respectively on which the disconnection of the other of the first or second electrical device was detected.

[0021] Thus this last opening of the first switches or the second switches also takes place at zero voltage or current.

[0022] In one embodiment of the invention, among the external connections, only one external phase connection and one external neutral connection are made accessible to a user, among the internal connections, only one internal phase connection and one internal neutral connection are made accessible to a user, and the step of closing the second switches or respectively the first switches, at zero voltage or current, and supplying the second electrical device, includes the simultaneous closing of the second switches or respectively the first switches, at zero voltage or current previously detected.

[0023] In this embodiment, the charging system is, for example, single-phase, or three-phase, and in the latter case at least one of the internal and external charging sockets is equipped with an adapter for single-phase power. The power supply to the first and second electrical devices is single-phase in this embodiment. In implementation of the invention, the two corresponding power supply phases go to zero voltage or current at the same time, and the closing of the second switches or respectively the first switches can therefore be done simultaneously.

[0024] In another embodiment of the invention, the external connections comprise three external phase connections and one external neutral connection, the internal connections comprise three internal phase connections and one internal neutral connection, the electrical conductors comprise three electrical phase conductors and one electrical neutral conductor, the power electronics stage is capable of supplying an alternating voltage between each of the three electrical phase conductors and the electrical neutral conductor, each of the electrical conductors splitting into, on the one hand, a first branch comprising a first switch and connected to an external connection separate from the external load socket, and on the other hand, a second branch comprising a second switch and connected to an internal connection separate from the internal load socket, and: - During the step of detecting the connection of the first electrical device to the external or internal charging socket, with the first and second switches open, a three-phase power supply type is also detected for the first electrical device, - the step of closing the first switches or respectively the second switches, before activation of the power electronics stage, includes the closing of all the first switches or respectively all the second switches, - During the step of detecting the connection of the second electrical device to the internal charging socket or respectively to the external charging socket, a three-phase power supply type is also detected for the second electrical device, - the zero-crossing detection step, before the closing step of the second or first switches respectively, at zero voltage or current, includes the detection of the zero crossing of each alternating voltage applied between each phase electrical conductor and the neutral electrical conductor, or of each current flowing through each phase conductor, and - the step of closing the second switches or respectively the first switches, at zero voltage or current, and supplying the second electrical device, includes the successive closings of each second switch or respectively each first switch of the phase conductors, at each corresponding zero voltage or current detection.

[0025] It is understood that in this alternative embodiment, the charging system is three-phase and the two electrical devices are supplied with three-phase power. Unlike the previous embodiment in which, when the charging system is three-phase, only two supply phases are used, in this alternative embodiment of the invention, all three supply phases of the charging system, as well as its neutral phase, are used. Furthermore, since the three supply phases cross to zero voltage or current in a phase-shifted manner, the three second or first switches of the phase conductors corresponding to these three supply phases are also closed in a phase-shifted manner. It should be noted that the second or first switch corresponding to the neutral conductor can be closed at any time, its voltage and current generally being close to zero.

[0026] Finally, during the step of detecting the connection of the second electrical device to the internal charging socket or respectively to the external charging socket, the detection of the power supply type of the second electrical device uses, for example, a specific adapter or a user command.

[0027] For example, whether the charging system is single-phase or three-phase, the internal or external charging socket has a push button capable of closing a detection circuit, and the step of detecting a connection to the internal or external charging socket uses an adapter capable of cooperating with the push button, the adapter being configured to electrically connect the internal or external charging socket to one of the first or second electrical devices. The adapter, for example, only allows one type of single-phase or three-phase power supply, and the step of detecting a connection to the internal or external charging socket includes determining the type of single-phase or three-phase power supply permitted by the adapter.

[0028] The internal or external charging socket may have several push buttons, and the adapter may be specific to a single-phase or three-phase load type and cooperate with a push button specific to one of these two load types. Alternatively, standardized IEC mechanisms may be used if the electrical appliance and the charging socket to which this electrical appliance is connected are compatible with these mechanisms.

[0029] Alternatively, the step of detecting the connection of the first or second electrical device to the internal or external charging socket is carried out by activating a user command on a human-machine interface connected by wired or wireless communication with a communication module of the vehicle, the user command specifying the type of single-phase or three-phase power supply for the first or respectively the second electrical device.

[0030] The invention also relates to a bidirectional charging system for a high-voltage battery of an electric or hybrid vehicle, capable of powering electrical devices connected to the vehicle, the bidirectional charging system being integrated into the vehicle and comprising at least: - an external charging socket comprising at least two electrical connections, referred to as external connections, - an internal charging socket comprising at least two electrical connections, referred to as internal connections, - at least two electrical conductors connecting said charging sockets to a power electronics stage, and - the power electronics stage, which is capable of receiving energy from the high-voltage battery and supplying an alternating voltage between the two electrical conductors, Each of the two electrical conductors splits into, on the one hand, a first branch containing a first switch and connected to an external connection separate from the external charging socket, and on the other hand, a second branch containing a second switch and connected to an internal connection separate from the internal charging socket. the bidirectional charging system comprising: - means of detecting the connection of a first electrical device to the external or internal charging socket when the first and second switches are open, - means for closing the first switches or respectively the second switches, capable of being activated by the means for detecting the connection of the first electrical appliance, - means for activating the power electronics and power supply stage of the first electrical device when the first or second switches are closed, respectively The bidirectional charging system is characterized in that it further comprises: - means for detecting the connection of a second electrical device to the internal charging socket or respectively to the external charging socket, when the power electronics stage is supplying power to the first electrical device, - means for detecting the zero crossing of an alternating voltage applied between the two electrical conductors or of the current flowing through at least one of the two electrical conductors, when the power electronics stage is activated and the connection of the second electrical device is detected, - means for closing the second switches or respectively the first switches to zero voltage or current, and for supplying power to the second device electrical, capable of using zero-crossing detection means, when the power electronics stage is activated and the connection of the second electrical device is detected.

[0031] The invention also relates to an electric or hybrid vehicle comprising a bidirectional charging system according to the invention.

[0032] The electric or hybrid vehicle according to the invention and the bidirectional charging system according to the invention have advantages similar to those of the power supply method according to the invention.

[0033] Other features and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the following description on the one hand, and from several illustrative and non-limiting examples of embodiments given with reference to the accompanying schematic drawings on the other hand, in which:

[0034] [Fig-1] represents a bidirectional charging system according to the invention, embedded in an electric or hybrid vehicle, in one embodiment of the invention,

[0035] [Fig.2] is a state diagram of the bidirectional charging system of [Fig.1], in depending on the electrical devices that are connected to the electric or hybrid vehicle,

[0036] [Fig.3] represents the first steps of a power supply process according to the invention, of electrical devices connected to the electric or hybrid vehicle, implemented by the bidirectional charging system of [Fig. 1], in one embodiment of the invention, and

[0037] [Fig.4] represents the final stages of the feeding process of [Fig.3], in an embodiment of the invention.

[0038] According to one embodiment of the invention, a bidirectional charging system 1 according to the invention, shown in [Fig. 1], is installed in an electric or hybrid vehicle. It allows a high-voltage battery 2 of the electric or hybrid vehicle to be recharged from an external charging station. The charging system 1 is bidirectional, meaning that it also allows external loads to be powered from the energy contained in the high-voltage battery 2.

[0039] In this embodiment of the invention, the bidirectional charging system 1 comprises a DC-DC converter 3 connected on one side to the high-voltage battery 2, and on the other side to a power electronics stage 4, capable of converting an alternating voltage into a direct voltage. The power electronics stage 4 comprises, on the one hand, DC-side terminals, capable of receiving or delivering a direct voltage, these DC-side terminals being connected to the DC-DC converter 3, and on the other hand, AC-side terminals, capable of receiving or delivering an alternating voltage.

[0040] The DC-DC converter 3 is capable of converting the DC voltage across the terminals of the high-voltage battery 2 into another DC voltage between The terminals on the DC side of the power electronics stage 4 and vice versa. This DC-DC converter 3 has, for example, a galvanic isolation function and / or a voltage step-up or step-down function.

[0041] In this embodiment of the invention, the power electronics stage 4 comprises a bidirectional three-phase rectifier, inductors, and a capacitor whose ends are connected to the DC terminals of the power electronics stage 4. The three-phase rectifier operates, of course, as a rectifier in high-voltage battery 2 charging mode and as an inverter in high-voltage battery 2 discharging mode. In this embodiment of the invention, the power electronics stage 4 can also operate as a voltage booster in high-voltage battery 2 charging mode.

[0042] More specifically, the AC-side terminals of the power electronics stage 4 have three power supply phase terminals, each power supply phase terminal being connected to one of the inductors, which is in turn connected to a midpoint of a rectifier switching arm, the two outputs of which are connected to the capacitor. The AC-side terminals of the power electronics stage 4 also have a neutral phase terminal, here connected to the midpoint of one of the switching arms of the three-phase rectifier, since in this embodiment of the invention, the bidirectional load system 1 is used to supply single-phase electrical devices. Of course, the connection of this neutral phase terminal is reconfigurable depending on the type of power supplied by the load system 1.

[0043] The AC side terminals of the power electronics stage 4 are connected to an external load socket 8 and to an internal load socket 12 via electrical conductors.

[0044] Each AC side terminal of the power electronics stage 4 is connected to a separate electrical conductor L1, L2, L2, N, the three electrical conductors L1, L1, L2 being supply phase conductors each connected to a separate supply phase terminal and the electrical conductor N being a neutral phase conductor, connected to the neutral phase terminal.

[0045] The electrical conductor Ll is connected to a connection 81, called external, of the external charging socket 8, via a first branch Ll 1 comprising a switch 61. The electrical conductor Ll is in fact divided into the first branch LU and a second branch L12 at the level of an electrical node located between the switch 61 and the power electronics stage 4.

[0046] The electrical conductor L2 is connected to a connection 82, referred to as the external connection, of the external charging socket 8, via a switch 62, and the electrical conductor L3 is connected to a connection 83, referred to as the external connection, of the external charging socket 8, via via a switch 63. Finally, the electrical conductor N is connected to a connection 84, called external, of the external charging socket 8, via a first branch N1 comprising a switch 64. The electrical conductor N is in fact divided into the first branch NI and a second branch N2 at the level of an electrical node located between the switch 63 and the power electronics stage 4.

[0047] These switches 61, 62, 63, 64, connecting conductors L1, L2, L3, N directly or indirectly to the external charging socket 8, form a set of 6 first switches. An adapter 9 is connected to the external charging socket 8 to allow the connection of an electrical device to this external charging socket 8, in single-phase. This adapter 9 has two connections: a first connection 91 connected to the external connection 81 of the external charging socket 8, and a second connection 92 connected to the external connection 84 of the charging socket 8.

[0048] Furthermore, a first electromagnetic compatibility filter 7 is interposed between the external charging socket 8 and the first set of switches 6, and a second electromagnetic compatibility filter 5 is interposed between the first set of switches 6 and the power electronics stage 4.

[0049] The electrical conductor L1 is also connected to a connection 121, called internal, of the internal charging socket 12, via the second branch L12 having a switch 101. Similarly, the electrical conductor N is also connected to another connection 122, called internal, of the internal charging socket 12, via the second branch N2 having a switch 102.

[0050] These switches 101, 102, indirectly connecting conductors L1 and N to the internal load socket 12, form a set 10 of second switches. A third electromagnetic compatibility filter 11 is interposed between the internal load socket 12 and the set 10 of second switches.

[0051] The charging system 1 further comprises, on the one hand, a current sensor, capable of providing a measurement of the current I flowing on the electrical conductor N of phase to neutral, and on the other hand, a voltage sensor, capable of providing a measurement of the voltage U between the electrical conductor Ll of supply phase and the electrical conductor N of phase to neutral.

[0052] Although the charging system 1 is three-phase, it is therefore used here to allow one or two single-phase electrical devices to be powered, connected to the external charging socket 8 and to the internal charging socket 12. Since the external connections 82, 83 are not used during such a power supply, the first switches 62 and 63 remain open throughout this power supply, while the first switches 61 and 64 connected to the external connections 81 and 82 close when an electrical device is connected to the external charging socket 8.

[0053] Figure [Fig. 2] represents four states in which the charging system 1 is likely to be found, in discharge mode in the configuration of Figure [1]:

[0054] In state S0, no electrical device is connected to the external charging sockets 8 or 12. Connecting a first electrical device to the adapter 9, i.e., to the external charging socket 8, changes the charging system 1 from state S0 to state SL

[0055] The charging system 1 switches from state SI to state S0 on a disconnection tlO of the first electrical device from the external charging socket 8.

[0056] When the charging system 1 is in state SI, connecting a second device tl2 to the internal charging socket 12 changes the charging system 1 from state SI to state S2. The charging system 1 changes back from state S2 to state SI when the second electrical device is disconnected t21 from the internal charging socket 12. Furthermore, the charging system 1 can change directly from state S2 to state S0 when the first device is simultaneously disconnected t20 from the external charging socket 8 and the second device from the internal charging socket 12.

[0057] Similarly, when the charging system 1 is in state S0, connecting t03 of a first electrical device to the internal charging socket 12 changes the charging system 1 from state S0 to state S3. The charging system 1 changes back from state S3 to state S0 when the first electrical device is disconnected t30 from the internal charging socket 12. When the charging system 1 is in state S3, connecting t32 of a second device to the external charging socket 8 changes the charging system 1 from state S3 to state S2. The charging system 1 changes back from state S2 to state S3 when the second electrical device is disconnected t23 from the external charging socket 8.

[0058] A power supply method 100 according to the invention, for two single-phase electrical devices connected to the power supply system 1 of [Fig. 1], is now described in relation to Figures 3 and 4. An embodiment of the invention illustrates the transitions between different states of [Fig. 2]. The power supply method 100 is implemented by the charging system 1 and, in particular, by a main vehicle computer, which is part of the charging system 1. This computer is connected via a computer bus, for example a CAN bus (Controller Area Network), to a control circuit for the first and second switch assemblies 6 and 10, and is capable of receiving measurements taken by the current sensor and the voltage sensor. The computer is also connected via this computer bus to one or more control circuits for the DC-DC converter 3 and the power electronics stage 4.

[0059] The charging system 1 being initially in state S0, in which the sets 6 and 10 of first and second switches are open, it is assumed here that a user plugs tOl a first electrical device into the external charging socket 8. A first step 111 of the power supply process 100 is, as illustrated on the left side of [Fig. 3], the detection of this connection t01. This detection is carried out, for example, by the closing of a first detection circuit by the adapter 9, which is equipped with a microswitch. The closing of this first detection circuit triggers the sending of a first message to the vehicle's computer, indicating a connection to the external single-phase charging socket 8.

[0060] The reception of this first message triggers a second step 112 of the feeding process 100, which is the closing of the first switches 61 and 64, the first switches 62 and 63 remaining open, and the set 10 of the second switches also remaining open. Following this second step 112, the computer activates the DC-DC converter 3 and the power electronics stage 4 in a third step 113 of the power supply process 100, in high-voltage battery discharge mode 2, which allows the first electrical device to be powered in single-phase. This single-phase power supply to the first electrical device only corresponds to state SI of the load system 1.

[0061] It is further assumed here that a user connects a second electrical device tl2 to the internal charging socket 12, while the charging system 1 is in state SL. A fourth step 114 of the power supply process 100 is then the detection of this connection tl2. This detection is carried out, for example, by the closing of a second detection circuit by the internal charging socket 12, which is equipped with a microswitch. The closing of this second detection circuit triggers the sending of a second message to the vehicle's computer, indicating a connection to the internal charging socket 12. Since this socket is single-phase, the second message does not include any indication of the type of power supply supported by the second electrical device.

[0062] Receiving this second message triggers a fifth step 115 of the power supply process 100, which is the detection of a zero crossing of the alternating voltage U measured by the voltage sensor between the electrical conductor L1 and the electrical conductor N, in other words, the detection of a zero crossing of the alternating voltage U measured between the two power supply phases of the first electrical device. Alternatively, in this fifth step 115, the computer detects a zero crossing of the current I measured by the current sensor on the electrical conductor L1 or on the electrical conductor N.

[0063] This detection is immediately followed by a sixth step 116 of the power supply process 100, which is the closing of the second switches 101 and 102 at the detected zero voltage, of course within a few volts (for example, within 10 volts), the voltage U being at least one hundred volts, for example, 230V. In the variant where the computer detects a zero crossing of the current I, this detection is immediately followed by the closing of the second switches 101 and 102, at the moment when this zero current is detected.

[0064] At the end of this sixth step 116, the second electrical device is powered by the charging system 1, which is therefore in state S2.

[0065] Returning to state S0, it is now assumed that in this state S0 of the charging system 1, a user connects a first electrical device t03 to the internal charging socket 12 and not to the external charging socket 8. As illustrated on the right side of [Fig. 3], a first step 121 of the power supply process 100 is then the detection of this connection t03, which is carried out in a similar manner to the detection of the connection t12 described previously. This detection 121 triggers a second step 122 of the power supply process 100, which is the closing of the second switches 101 and 102, the set 6 of the first switches remaining open. This closure 122 is followed by a third step 123 of activation of the DC-DC converter 3 and the power electronics stage 4, in high-voltage battery discharge mode 2, which allows the first electrical device to be powered in single phase on the internal charging socket 12.This single-phase power supply to the first electrical device only corresponds to state S3 of load system 1.

[0066] Next, it is assumed that a user connects a second electrical device t32 to the external charging socket 8, and more specifically to the adapter 9, while the charging system 1 is in state S3. A fourth step 124 of the power supply process 100 is then the detection of this connection t32, which is carried out in a similar manner to the detection of the connection t11. This detection 124 triggers a fifth step 125 of the power supply process 100, which is the detection of a zero crossing of the alternating voltage U measured by the voltage sensor between the electrical conductor L1 and the electrical conductor N, in other words, the detection of a zero crossing of the alternating voltage U measured between the two power supply phases of the first electrical device. Alternatively, in this fifth step 125, the computer detects a zero crossing of the current I measured by the current sensor on the electrical conductor L1 or on the electrical conductor N.

[0067] This detection 125 is immediately followed by a sixth step 126 of the power supply process 100, which is the closing of the first switches 61 and 64 at the detected zero voltage, within a few volts (for example, within 10 volts), the other first switches 62 and 63 remaining open. In the variant where the computer detects a zero crossing of the current I, this detection is immediately followed by the closing of the first switches 61 and 64 at the moment this zero current is detected.

[0068] At the end of this sixth step 126, the first and second electrical devices are powered by the charging system 1, which is therefore in state S2.

[0069] Fig. 4 now illustrates two possible sequences for disconnecting the two electrical devices, starting from state S2 of the charging system 1.

[0070] It is assumed here that a user first disconnects t23 one of the two electrical devices that is connected to the external charging socket 8. A seventh step 131 of the power supply process 100 is then, as illustrated on the left side of [Fig. 4], the detection of this disconnection t23. This detection is carried out, for example, by the opening of the first detection circuit by the adapter 9, triggering the sending of a third message to the vehicle's computer, indicating a disconnection from the external charging socket 8 in single-phase.

[0071] Then an eighth step 132 of the feeding process 100 is the detection of a zero crossing of the voltage U measured between the electrical conductor L1 and the electrical conductor N, or alternatively of the current I measured on one of these two electrical conductors L1, N.

[0072] This eighth step 132 is immediately followed by a ninth step 133 of opening the first switches 61, 64 at zero voltage or current, at zero voltage or a detected current variant. This opening therefore occurs to within a few volts or milliamperes, for example, to within 10V or 10 milliamperes. Following this ninth step 133, only the other of the two electrical devices is powered, via the internal charging socket 12; the charging system 1 is therefore in state S3.

[0073] It is now assumed that a user disconnects t30 this other of the two electrical devices, connected to the internal charging socket 12. A tenth step 134 of the power supply process 100 is then the detection of this disconnection t30, for example carried out by the opening of the second detection circuit, triggering the sending of a fourth message to the vehicle computer, indicating a disconnection on the internal charging socket 12.

[0074] Upon receiving this fourth message, the computer deactivates the DC-DC converter 3 and the power electronics stage 4, in an eleventh step 135 of the power supply process 100, then opens the second switches 101, 102 in a twelfth step 136 of the power supply process 100.

[0075] Conversely, we now assume, starting from state S2 of the charging system 1, that a user first unplugs t21 one of the two electrical devices that is plugged into the internal charging socket 12. A seventh step 141 of the power supply process 100 is then, as illustrated on the right-hand side of [Fig. 4], the detection of this unplugging t21. This detection is carried out, for example, by opening the second detection circuit, triggering the sending of a message to the vehicle's computer, identical to the fourth message mentioned above, indicating a disconnection on the internal charging socket 12.

[0076] Then an eighth step 142 of the feeding process 100 is the detection of a zero crossing of the voltage U measured between the electrical conductor L1 and the electrical conductor N, or alternatively of the current I measured on one of these two electrical conductors L1, N.

[0077] This eighth step 142 is immediately followed by a ninth step 143 of opening the second switches 101, 102 at zero voltage or current, at zero voltage or in the detected current variant. Following this ninth step 143, only the other of the two electrical devices is powered, on the external charging socket 8, the charging system 1 is therefore then in state SI.

[0078] It is now assumed that a user disconnects tlO this other of the two electrical devices, connected to the external charging socket 8. A tenth step 144 of the power supply process 100 is then the detection of this disconnection tlO, for example carried out by the opening of the first detection circuit, triggering the sending of a message to the vehicle computer, identical to the third message mentioned above, indicating a disconnection on the external charging socket 8.

[0079] Upon receiving this message, the computer deactivates the DC-DC converter 3 and the power electronics stage 4, in an eleventh step 145 of the power supply process 100, and then opens the first switches 61, 64 in a twelfth step 146 of the power supply process 100.

[0080] Of course, the invention is not limited to the examples just described and many modifications can be made to these examples without departing from the scope of the invention.

Claims

1. Demands Method of powering (100) electrical devices connected to an electric or hybrid vehicle, implemented by a bidirectional charging system (1) of a high-voltage battery (2) of the vehicle, the bidirectional charging system (1) being integrated into the vehicle and comprising at least: - an external charging socket (8) comprising at least two electrical connections referred to as external connections (81, 84), - an internal charging socket (12) comprising at least two electrical connections referred to as internal connections (121, 122), - at least two electrical conductors (L1, N) connecting said charging sockets (8, 12) to a power electronics stage (4), and - the power electronics stage (4), the latter being capable of receiving energy from the high-voltage battery (2) and of supplying an alternating voltage (U) between the two electrical conductors (L1, N), each of the two electrical conductors (L1, N) splitting into, on the one hand, a first branch (L11, N1) comprising a first switch (61, 64) and connected to a separate external connection (81, 84) from the external charging socket (8), and on the other hand, a second branch (L12, N2) comprising a second switch (101, 102) and connected to an internal connection distinct (121,122) of the internal care (12), the feeding process (100) comprising, in the following order, the steps of: - detection (111, 121) of a connection of a first electrical device to the external charging socket (8) or to the internal charging socket (12), the first and second switches (61, 64, 101, 102) being open, - closing (112, 122) of the first switches (61, 64) or respectively of the second switches (101, 102), - activation (113, 123) of the power electronics stage (4) and power supply of the first electrical device, the feeding process (100) being characterized in that it further comprises the steps of: - detection (114, 124) of a connection of a second electrical device to the internal charging socket (12) or respectively to the external charging socket (8), - detection (115, 125) of the zero crossing of the alternating voltage (U) applied between the two electrical conductors (L1, N) or of the current (I) passing through at least one of the two electrical conductors (L1, N), - closing (116, 126) of the second switches (101, 102) or respectively of the first switches (61, 64) at zero voltage or current, and supplying the second electrical device.

2. A method for supplying (100) electrical devices connected to an electric or hybrid vehicle according to claim 1, further comprising the steps of: - detection (131, 141) of a disconnection of one of the first or second electrical devices, - detection (132, 142) of a zero crossing of the alternating voltage (U) applied between the two electrical conductors (L1, N) or of the current (I) flowing through at least one of the electrical conductors (L1, N), - opening (133, 143) to zero voltage or current of the first switches (61, 64) or the second switches (101, 102) corresponding to the external (8) or internal (12) charging socket respectively on which the disconnection of one of the first or second electrical devices was detected.

3. A method for supplying (100) electrical devices connected to an electric or hybrid vehicle according to claim 2, further comprising the steps of: - detection (134, 144) of a disconnection of the other of the first or second electrical device, - deactivation (135, 145) of the power electronics stage (4), - opening (136, 146) of the first switches (61, 64) or the second switches (101, 102) corresponding to the external (8) or internal (12) charging socket respectively on which the disconnection of the other of the first or second electrical device was detected.

4. Method of supplying (100) electrical devices connected to an electric or hybrid vehicle according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein: - among the external connections (81, 84), only one external phase connection (81) and one external neutral connection (84) are made accessible to a user,

5. - among the internal connections (121, 122), only one internal phase connection (121) and one internal neutral connection (122) are made accessible to a user, and in which: - The closing step (116, 126) of the second switches (101, 102) or respectively of the first switches (61, 64), at zero voltage or current, and of powering the second electrical device, comprises the simultaneous closing of the second switches (101, 102) or respectively of the first switches (61, 64), at the previously detected zero voltage or current. Method of powering (100) electrical devices connected to an electric or hybrid vehicle according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein: - External connections include three external phase connections and one external neutral connection. - Internal connections include three internal phase connections and one internal neutral connection, - the electrical conductors (L1, L2, L3, N) comprise three phase electrical conductors (L1, L2, L3) and one neutral electrical conductor (N), - the power electronics stage (4) is capable of supplying an alternating voltage between each of the three phase electrical conductors (L1, L2, L3) and the neutral electrical conductor (N), each of the electrical conductors splitting into, on the one hand, a first branch comprising a first switch and connected to an external connection separate from the external load socket (8), and on the other hand, a second branch comprising a second switch and connected to an internal connection separate from the internal load socket, and wherein: - during the detection step (111, 121) of the connection of the first electrical device to the external charging socket (8) or to the internal charging socket, with the first and second switches open, a three-phase power supply type is also detected for the first electrical device, - the closing step (112, 122) of the first switches or respectively of the second switches, before activation of the power electronics stage (4), includes the closing of all the first switches or respectively of all the second switches, - during the detection step (114, 124) of the connection of the second electrical device to the internal load socket or respectively to the external load socket (8), a three-phase power supply type is also detected for the second electrical device, - the detection step (115, 125) of the zero crossing, before the closing step (116, 126) of the second switches (101, 102) or respectively of the first switches (61, 64), at zero voltage or current, includes the detection of the zero crossing of each alternating voltage applied between each phase electrical conductor (L1, L2, L3) and the neutral electrical conductor (N), or of each current flowing through each phase conductor, and - the closing step (116, 126) of the second switches or respectively of the first switches, at zero voltage or current,and the power supply to the second electrical device, includes the successive closures of each second switch or respectively of each first switch of the phase conductors, at each detection of zero of the corresponding voltage or current.

6. A method for supplying (100) electrical devices connected to an electric or hybrid vehicle according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the internal or external charging socket (8) has a push button capable of closing a detection circuit, and wherein the detection step (111) of a connection to the internal or external charging socket (8) uses an adapter (9) capable of cooperating with the push button, the adapter (9) being configured to electrically connect the internal or external charging socket (8) to one of the first or second electrical devices.

7. Method of supplying (100) electrical devices connected to an electric or hybrid vehicle according to claim 6, wherein the adapter (9) only allows one type of single-phase or three-phase supply, and wherein the detection step (111) of a connection to the internal charging socket or respectively to the external charging socket (8) includes the determination of the type of single-phase or three-phase supply allowed by the adapter (9).

8. Method of supplying (100) electrical devices connected to an electric or hybrid vehicle according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the detection step (111, 121) of the connection of the first or second electrical device to the internal charging socket (12) or to the external charging socket (8) is carried out by the activation of a user command on a human-machine interface connected by wired or wireless communication with a communication module of the vehicle, the user command specifying the type of single-phase or three-phase power supply for the first or respectively the second electrical device.

9. A bidirectional charging system (1) for a high-voltage battery (2) of an electric or hybrid vehicle, capable of powering electrical devices connected to the vehicle, the bidirectional charging system (1) being integrated into the vehicle and comprising at least: - an external charging socket (8) having at least two electrical connections referred to as external connections (81, 84), - an internal charging socket (12) having at least two electrical connections referred to as internal connections (121, 122), - at least two electrical conductors (L1, N) connecting said charging sockets (8, 12) to a power electronics stage (4), and - the power electronics stage (4), the latter being capable of receiving energy from the high-voltage battery (2) and of supplying an alternating voltage (U) between the two electrical conductors (L1, N), each of the two electrical conductors (L1, N) splitting into, on the one hand, a first branch (L1,NI) comprising a first switch (61, 64) and connected to an external connection (81, 84) separate from the external charging socket (8), and on the other hand a second branch (L12, N2) comprising a second switch (101, 102) and connected to an internal connection (121, 122) separate from the internal charging socket (12), the bidirectional charging system (1) comprising: - means for detecting the connection of a first electrical device to the external charging socket (8) or to the internal charging socket (12), when the first and second switches (61, 64, 101, 102) are open, - means for closing the first switches (61, 64) or respectively the second switches (101, 102), suitable for being,

10. activated by the means of detecting the connection of the first electrical appliance, - means for activating the power electronics stage (4) and supplying power to the first electrical device, when the first switches (61, 64) or respectively the second switches (101, 102) are closed, the bidirectional charging system (1) being characterized in that it further comprises: - means for detecting the connection of a second electrical device to the internal charging socket (12) or respectively to the external charging socket (8), when the power electronics stage (4) is supplying the first electrical device, - means for detecting the zero crossing of an alternating voltage (U) applied between the two electrical conductors (L1, N) or of the current (I) flowing through at least one of the two electrical conductors (L1, N), when the power electronics stage (4) is activated and the connection of the second electrical device is detected, - means for closing the second switches (101, 102) or respectively the first switches (61, 64) at zero voltage or current, and supplying the second electrical device, capable of using the zero crossing detection means, when the power electronics stage (4) is activated and the connection of the second electrical device is detected. Electric or hybrid vehicle comprising a bidirectional charging system (1) according to claim 9.

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