Fast bidirectional charging system for V2B power supply, vehicle and charging station equipped with such a fast bidirectional charging system.

Abstract

A fast bidirectional charging system (1) connected to a power supply network (3a) and to at least one electrical device included in a building (3b), comprising a control means, at least one means for determining the voltage or current output of the power supply network (3a), and a supercapacitor (1a) connected to the power supply network (3a) and to at least one electrical device included in the building (3b) via a fast DC / AC converter (1b), the control means being connected to at least one means for determining the voltage or current output of the power supply network (3a) and to the fast DC / AC converter (1b). Figure for the abstract: Fig 1

Description

Title of the invention: Fast bidirectional charging system for V2B power supply, vehicle and charging station equipped with such a fast bidirectional charging system. Technical field

[0001] The invention has as its technical field the continuous alternating conversion systems, and more particularly such systems included in V2B building vehicle type devices. Previous techniques

[0002] Electric and hybrid vehicles include batteries with a fairly generous capacity in absolute terms. These capacities (30 to 90 kWh) are even more generous when compared to the average household consumption (4 to 6 kWh per day).

[0003] By combining these values ​​with the V2G (Vehicle-to-Grid) capabilities of new electric vehicles, which allow all or part of the energy stored in the batteries to be fed back into the grid or into a building (V2B / V2H, Vehicle-to-Building / Vehicle-to-Home alternative), it becomes advantageous to be able to have 5 to 20 days of power available to supply a home, using the power stored in an electric vehicle. This possibility is all the more important in regions affected by the risk of grid outages due to severe weather or grid overload.

[0004] Although on-board or stationary bidirectional chargers with V2G / V2B / V2H functionality are known and available in a number of vehicles, they nevertheless have a transitional period between their activation and the supply of energy by the vehicle(s) that is long enough for the building's electrical equipment connected to the vehicle to perceive a power outage and / or transient current spikes that can damage them.

[0005] Indeed, when the duration of the transient period exceeds approximately 10 ms, the electrical equipment connected to the network is shut down. The resumption of power by the vehicle equipped with V2B / V2H capability then creates a power surge. The succession of an abrupt shutdown and a power resumption can also be a source of damage. This can also be a source of data loss when the powered electrical equipment is electrical equipment.

[0006] Uninterruptible power supply systems (UPS) are also known, which allow for a particularly rapid supply of energy in the event of an interruption in their power supply. These systems are arranged in line with the power supply of the electrical devices to be protected, continuously monitoring their power supply. They include at least one battery connected to a DC-AC converter, the whole assembly being connected in parallel with a voltage filter placed between the input and output of the UPS.

[0007] In other words, uninterruptible power supply systems are connected in series between the power grid and the electrical equipment to be protected. Because of this series connection, high conversion efficiency is required to avoid increasing the operating costs of the electrical equipment being protected. To achieve such efficiency, uninterruptible power supply systems incorporate complex and expensive conversion electronics. Furthermore, uninterruptible power supply systems have the disadvantage of increasing drastically in size with the available power, due to the sizing of the integrated batteries, and are also expensive. Above 100 kVA, such an uninterruptible power supply system occupies a space larger than a cabinet, making it difficult to integrate into a motor vehicle.

[0008] There is therefore a need for a bidirectional electric vehicle charging system, enabling the supply of power to at least one electrical equipment during a failure of the power supply network in a transparent manner, that is to say, without the at least one powered electrical equipment perceiving an interruption of its supply.

[0009] There is also a need for an additional system that can be connected to a bidirectional electric vehicle charging system to provide power to at least one electrical equipment in the event of a power supply network failure in a transparent manner, until the bidirectional electric vehicle charging system can provide power to at least one electrical equipment. Description of the invention

[0010] The invention relates to a fast bidirectional charging system connected to a power supply network and to at least one piece of electrical equipment in a building, comprising a control means, at least one means for determining the voltage or current output of the power supply network, a supercapacitor connected to the power supply network and to at least one piece of electrical equipment in the building via a fast DC / AC converter, the control means being connected to at least one means of determining the voltage or current at the output of the power supply network and at the fast DC / AC converter.

[0011] The fast DC / AC converter may include a two-arm H-bridge transistor and an RC circuit connected between the power supply network and the supercapacitor.

[0012] The DC / AC converter may include two terminals connected to the supercapacitor, one terminal connected to the power supply network and the building; the DC / AC converter further includes a ground connection connected to a midpoint of a first leg of a transistor H-bridge, the first terminal being connected to a midpoint of a second leg of the transistor H-bridge via a resistor; the first leg of the transistor H-bridge comprising a first transistor connected by its emitter to the collector of a second transistor, a resistor being connected in parallel with the collector and emitter of the first transistor, a resistor being connected in parallel with the collector and emitter of the second transistor, the midpoint of the first leg being connected to the emitter of the first transistor and to the collector of the second transistor.The second arm of the transistor H-bridge comprises a third transistor connected by its emitter to the collector of a fourth transistor. The midpoint of the second arm is connected to the emitter of the third transistor and the collector of the fourth transistor. The base of each transistor is biased by a power source connected to the base via a resistor. The collectors of the first and third transistors are connected together, as well as to a cathode of a first diode and to the first terminal of a fifth resistor. The emitters of the second and fourth transistors are connected together, as well as to the second terminal of the fifth resistor and to the first terminal of a sixth resistor. A second diode is connected by its anode to the terminal via a seventh resistor and by its cathode to the anode of the first diode.The terminal is connected to the second terminal of the sixth resistor, a capacitor being connected by one plate to the second terminal of the sixth resistor and by another plate to the cathode of the second diode and to the anode of the first diode.

[0013] The transistors can be of the NPN type.

[0014] The invention also relates to a bidirectional charging system comprising a DC / AC converter connected to a battery and a fast bidirectional charging system as described above, the fast bidirectional charging system being connected in parallel to the DC / AC converter connected to a battery, to the power supply network and to at least one electrical equipment included in a building.

[0015] Another object of the invention is a motor vehicle equipped with a bidirectional charging system as described above.

[0016] Another object of the invention is a charging station for a motor vehicle comprising a bidirectional charging system as described above.

[0017] Another object of the invention is an energy storage system comprising a bidirectional charging system as described above.

[0018] The invention also relates to an additional module comprising a fast bidirectional charging system as described above, intended to be connected in parallel with a bidirectional charging system comprising a DC / AC converter and a battery included in a motor vehicle or a motor vehicle charging station after their manufacture.

[0019] The invention also relates to a method for controlling a charging system comprising a DC / AC converter and a fast DC / AC converter as described above, comprising the following steps:

[0020] a. Determination of the time of interruption of the supply of electrical energy by the power supply network,

[0021] b. Activation of the fast DC / AC converter so that it supplies electrical power to the building,

[0022] c. Control of the DC / AC converter so that it supplies electrical power to the building,

[0023] d. Determination of the instant from which the DC / AC converter supplies electrical energy to the building in a stabilized manner, and

[0024] e. Control of the fast DC / AC converter so that it interrupts its supply of electrical energy to the building. Brief description of the drawings

[0025] Other objects, features and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the following description, given solely by way of non-limiting example and made with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:

[0026] - Figure [Fig. 1] illustrates the main elements of an electric vehicle including a rapid power supply system connected to an electrical power grid and a building, and

[0027] - Figure [Fig.2] illustrates the main elements of a supply system of fast energy according to the invention. Detailed description

[0028] Fig. 1 illustrates a fast power supply system 1 included in a motor vehicle 2 equipped with at least one battery 2a and a bidirectional DC / AC converter 2b.

[0029] The motor vehicle 2 is connected to the electrical power supply network 3a and / or to the electrical network of a building or house, referenced 3b. The building or house 3b includes at least electrical equipment to be powered. For the remainder of this description, reference will be made only to a building referenced 3b. However, it will be understood that this includes any type of building, including a house.

[0030] The bidirectional DC / AC converter 2b is designed to charge the battery 2a from the power supply network 3a, optionally via the building's electrical network 3b. The bidirectional DC / AC converter 2b is also designed to discharge the battery 2a to the power supply network 3a or the building's electrical network 3b.

[0031] In the event of an interruption in the supply of electrical power by the power supply network 3a, the user can switch the bidirectional DC / AC converter 2b in order to supply electrical power to the building 3b. There is then an activation delay between the detection of the interruption in the supply of electrical power by the power supply network 3a and the supply of electrical power by the bidirectional DC / AC converter 2b, mainly due to the user's reaction time.

[0032] Even with automated switching of the bidirectional DC / AC converter 2b between charging and power supply modes, there is an activation delay between the detection of the power supply interruption by the power grid 3a and the resumption of power supply by the bidirectional DC / AC converter 2b. This delay is due, in particular, to internal relay switching within the bidirectional charger and to computer communication negotiations between all components of the bidirectional charger.

[0033] During such a switchover, whether manual or automatic, a rapid power supply system 1 is activated to quickly provide electrical power during the activation delay of the bidirectional DC / AC converter 2b, which is controlled in power supply mode. This prevents any interruption of the power supply to the electrical equipment within the building 3b.

[0034] The fast power supply system 1 is connected in parallel to the bidirectional DC / AC converter 2b so as not to alter the efficiency of the latter during charging or supplying electrical power.

[0035] The fast power supply system 1 comprises a supercapacitor connected to the power grid 3a or to the building 3b via a fast DC / AC converter 1b. The fast power supply system 1 makes it possible to supply power to a building 3b faster than the DC / AC converter 2b operates from the moment the power supply is interrupted by the electrical supply network 3a until DC / AC converter 2b provides power. It also allows the supercapacitor to be recharged when the fast power supply system 1 is not in use.

[0036] It should be noted that a supercapacitor is a type of capacitor offering a higher discharge rate than a conventional capacitor, at the cost of a lower output voltage. Such a supercapacitor is therefore perfectly suited to a short but intense power supply with a very short response time.

[0037] Fig. 2 illustrates the main elements of a fast power supply system 1 according to the invention.

[0038] The supercapacitor is connected to two terminals A2, A3 of a fast DC / AC converter 1b, itself connected to the DC / AC converter 2b, to the power supply network 3a and to the building 3b by a first terminal AL

[0039] A ground connection M is connected to a midpoint of the first leg of a transistor H-bridge. The first terminal Al is connected to a midpoint of a second leg of the transistor H-bridge via a resistor R0.

[0040] The first arm of the transistor H-bridge comprises a first transistor Q1, the emitter of which is connected to the collector of a second transistor Q2. The emitter of the first transistor Q1 is connected to one terminal of a resistor R1a while the collector of the first transistor Q1 is connected to another terminal of the resistor R1a.

[0041] Similarly, the emitter of the second transistor Q2 is connected to one terminal of a resistor R2a while the collector of the first transistor Q1 is connected to another terminal of the resistor R2a.

[0042] The midpoint of the first arm is connected to the emitter of the first transistor Q1 and to the collector of the second transistor Q2.

[0043] The second arm includes a third transistor Q3 whose emitter is connected to the collector of a fourth transistor Q4.

[0044] The midpoint of the second arm is connected to the emitter of the third transistor Q3 and to the collector of the fourth transistor Q4.

[0045] The base of each transistor Q1,Q2,Q3,Q4 is biased by a power source B1,B2,B3,B4 connected to the base via a resistor R1,R2,R3,R4.

[0046] Transistors Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4 are in particular of the NPN type.

[0047] The collectors of the first transistor Q1 and the third transistor Q3 are connected together as well as to a cathode of a first diode DI and to a first terminal of a fifth resistor R5.

[0048] The emitters of the second transistor Q2 and the fourth transistor Q4 are connected together as well as to the second terminal of the fifth resistor R5 and to the first terminal of a sixth resistor R6.

[0049] Terminal A2 is connected to the anode of a second diode D2 via a seventh resistor R7. The cathode of the second diode D2 is connected to the anode of the first diode DI.

[0050] Terminal A3 is connected to the second terminal of the sixth resistor R6.

[0051] A capacitor Cl is connected by a plate to the second terminal of the sixth resistance R6 and by another armature to the cathode of the second diode D2 and to the anode of the first diode DI.

[0052] Although not shown in Figures 1 and 2, the fast DC / AC converter 1b includes at least one electronic control means equipped with processing and memory means, connected at the input to a means for measuring the voltage or current at the output of the power supply network 3a, a means for measuring the voltage or current at the output of the DC / AC converter 2b and is connected at the output to a control connection to the DC / AC converter 2b.

[0053] The electronic control means of the fast DC / AC converter 1b is thus able to determine the interruption of the supply of electrical energy by the power supply network 3a by means of the measurement of the corresponding current or voltage, and to determine the moment from which the DC / AC converter 2b supplies a stabilized electrical power.

[0054] The electronic control means of the fast DC / AC converter 1b then executes the following steps of a control method: - Determination of the moment of interruption of the electrical power supply by the power grid 3a, - Activation of the fast DC / AC converter 1b so that it supplies electrical power to building 3b, - Control of the DC / AC converter 2b so that it supplies electrical power to building 3b, - Determination of the instant from which the DC / AC converter 2b supplies electrical energy to building 3b in a stable manner, and - Control of the fast DC / AC converter 1b so that it interrupts its supply of electrical power to building 3b.

[0055] Due to its structure, the fast DC / AC converter 1b has a reduced cost, particularly suitable for being offered as an option in a motor vehicle or as an additional module to be installed in the bidirectional charging system of a pre-existing motor vehicle that does not offer this function.

[0056] The fast DC / AC converter 1b was described above in combination with a bidirectional charger installed in a vehicle. However, the same fast DC / AC converter 1b can be combined with a stationary bidirectional DC / AC charger 2b for charging a motor vehicle.

[0057] The fast DC / AC converter 1b enables switching times of less than 5ms, so that the switching of the power source is essentially transparent to the powered electrical equipment.

Claims

Demands

1. Fast bidirectional charging system (1) connected to an electrical power supply network (3a) and to at least one electrical equipment included in a building (3b), characterized in that it comprises a control means, at least one means for determining the voltage or current at the output of the electrical power supply network (3a), a supercapacitor (1a) connected to the electrical power supply network (3a) and to at least one electrical equipment included in the building (3b) via a fast DC / AC converter (1b), the control means being connected to at least one means for determining the voltage or current at the output of the electrical power supply network (3a) and to the fast DC / AC converter (1b).

2. Fast bidirectional charging system (1) according to claim 1, wherein the fast DC / AC converter (1b) comprises a two-arm H-bridge transistor (Q1,Q2,Q3,Q4) and an RC circuit (R6,R7,C1) connected between the power supply network (3a) and the supercapacitor (la).

3. Fast bidirectional charging system (1) according to any one of claims 1 or 2, wherein the DC / AC converter (1b) comprises two terminals (A2, A3) connected to the supercapacitor (1a), one terminal (A1) connected to the power supply network (3a) and to the building (3b), the DC / AC converter (1b) further comprises a ground (M) connected to a midpoint of a first leg of a transistor H-bridge, the first terminal (A1) being connected to a midpoint of a second leg of the transistor H-bridge via a resistor (R0), the first leg of the transistor H-bridge comprising a first transistor (Q1) connected by its emitter to the collector of a second transistor (Q2), a resistor (R1a) being connected in parallel with the collector and emitter of the first transistor (Q1),a resistor (R2a) being connected in parallel with the collector and emitter of the second transistor (Q2), the midpoint of the first arm being connected to the emitter of the first transistor (Q1) and to the collector of the second transistor (Q2), the second arm of the transistor H-bridge comprising a third transistor (Q3) connected by, its emitter to the collector of a fourth transistor (Q4), the midpoint of the second arm being connected to the emitter of the third transistor (Q3) and to the collector of the fourth transistor (Q4), the base of each transistor (Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4) being biased by a power source (B1, B2, B3, B4) connected to the base via a resistor (R1, R2, R3, R4), the collectors of the first transistor (Q1) and the third transistor (Q3) being connected together as well as to a cathode of a first diode (D1) and to the first terminal of a fifth resistor (R5), the emitters of the second transistor (Q2) and the fourth transistor (Q4) being connected together as well as to the second terminal of the fifth resistor (R5) and to the first terminal of a sixth resistor (R6), a second diode (D2) is connected by its anode to terminal (A2) via a seventh resistor (R7) and by its cathode to the anode of the first diode (Dl),Terminal (A3) is connected to the second terminal of the sixth resistor (R6), a capacitor (Cl) being connected by one plate to the second terminal of the sixth resistor (R6) and by another plate to the cathode of the second diode (D2) and to the anode of the first diode (D1).

4. Fast bidirectional charging system (1) according to claim 3, wherein the transistors are of the NPN type.

5. Bidirectional charging system comprising a DC / AC converter (2b) connected to a battery (2a) and a fast bidirectional charging system (1) as claimed in claims 1 to 4, the fast bidirectional charging system (1) being connected in parallel to the DC / AC converter (2b) connected to a battery (2a), to the power supply network (3a) and to at least one electrical equipment included in a building (3b).

6. Motor vehicle equipped with a bidirectional charging system as claimed in claim 5.

7. A motor vehicle charging station comprising a bidirectional charging system as claimed in claim 5.

8. Energy storage system comprising a bidirectional charging system as claimed in claim 5.

9. Additional module comprising a fast bidirectional charging system (1) as claimed in claims 1 to 4, intended to be connected in parallel with a charging system

10. bidirectional charging system comprising a DC / AC converter (2b) and a battery (2a) included in a motor vehicle or a motor vehicle charging station after their manufacture. Method for controlling a fast bidirectional charging system (1) as claimed in claim 5, said fast bidirectional charging system (1) comprising a DC / AC converter (2b) and a fast DC / AC converter (1b), the control method comprising the following steps: a. Determination of the time of interruption of the supply of electrical energy by the power supply network (3a), b. Activation of the fast DC / AC converter (1b) so that it supplies electrical power to the building (3b), c. Control of the DC / AC converter (2b) so that it supplies electrical power to the building (3b), d. Determination of the instant from which the DC / AC converter (2b) supplies electrical energy to the building (3b) in a stabilized manner, and e. Control of the fast DC / AC converter (1b) so that it interrupts its supply of electrical power to the building (3b).

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