HEAT EXCHANGER WITH FLUID RETURN ZONE AND TURBOMACHINE EQUIPPED WITH SUCH AN EXCHANGER

Abstract

The invention relates to a heat exchanger (1), for a turbomachine, comprising: - a body (5) having an internal enclosure (7) and a return zone (8), - several exchange elements (6; 16; 29) installed in the internal enclosure and having ends arranged in the return zone, the exchange elements being arranged in rows (R1, R2, R3, R4, Rn) and comprising a first series (s1) of exchange elements for the circulation of a fluid (2) along a first direction (d1) and a second series (s2) of exchange elements for the circulation of the fluid along a second direction, and - connecting elements (15) arranged in the return zone. According to the invention, at least two connecting members connecting the ends of the exchange members of the first series with the ends of the exchange members of the second series of the same row, are offset along a third axis (Z) perpendicular to a first axis (X) and to a second axis (Y).Figure for the abridged version: Fig.1.

Description

Title of the invention: HEAT EXCHANGER WITH FLUID RETURN ZONE AND TURBOMACHINE EQUIPPED WITH SUCH AN EXCHANGER Technical field of the invention

[0001] The present invention relates to the general field of aeronautics. It relates in particular to a heat exchanger for a turbomachine, especially for aircraft, in which the same fluid circulates in at least two directions thanks to a return zone. Technological background

[0002] A heat exchanger installed in an aircraft turbomachine or in the aircraft, For various applications, it allows for heat exchange between a hot source which can be the turbomachine's fuel, oil, air (bleed air) taken from the turbomachine's low pressure or high pressure compressor, an electrical / electronic component, or air from the turbomachine's primary stream or hot exhaust gases from the turbomachine, and a cold source which can be ambient air, air from the turbomachine's secondary stream, etc.

[0003] Heat exchangers can be of the tube type, finned type, plate and fin type, etc.

[0004] An example of a tube heat exchanger is described in patent application FR3140156. The heat exchanger comprises a body having an inlet and an outlet for one of the fluids and a perforated plate that forms, on the one hand, an internal cavity in the cylindrical body and, on the other hand, a return zone. The heat exchanger also comprises a plurality of first tubes extending inside the body along the body's axis and having a U-shape. The curved portion of the U-shaped tubes is arranged in the return zone. The heat exchanger comprises a plurality of second tubes extending transversely to the first tubes.

[0005] The curved portions of the first tubes are arranged to present different patterns which allows the first tubes to have, at most, two predetermined lengths.

[0006] However, the tubes may overlap in the return zone, and this overlap can complicate the assembly when the heat exchanger is equipped, for example, with forty or so tubes, and these are mounted very close together. The overlap can also increase the size of the heat exchanger.

[0007] There is a need to resolve all or part of the aforementioned drawbacks. Summary of the invention

[0008] The objective of the present invention is to provide a heat exchanger enabling better optimization of aerothermal and aerodynamic performance, and better control of size and footprint, while reducing pressure losses, fluid leaks and costs.

[0009] We achieve this objective in accordance with the invention by means of a heat exchanger for a turbomachine, having a first axis, the heat exchanger being intended to carry out a heat exchange between a first fluid and a second fluid, the heat exchanger comprising: - a body comprising an inner enclosure and a return zone, - several heat exchangers installed within the inner enclosure, each with ends arranged at least partially within the return zone, the heat exchangers being arranged in rows extending along a second axis and comprising a first series of swept heat exchangers or those allowing the circulation of the first fluid in a first direction, and a second series of swept heat exchangers or those allowing the circulation of the first fluid in a second direction, and - connecting elements arranged in the return zone and linking the exchange elements of the first series to the exchange elements of the second series, at least two connecting members connecting the ends of the exchange members of the first series with the ends of the exchange members of the second series of the same row, are offset at least in part, along a third axis perpendicular to the first axis and the second axis, the connecting members being parallel to each other.

[0010] Thus, this solution makes it possible to achieve the aforementioned objective. In particular, the overlapping of the connecting elements is avoided regardless of the number of heat exchangers equipping the heat exchanger. This configuration improves thermomechanical performance because the temperature differences between two fluids are more uniform within the heat exchanger, and the aerothermal efficiency of the heat exchanger because it is close to a counter-current configuration.

[0011] The heat exchanger also includes one or more of the following features, taken alone or in combination:

[0012] - each connecting member is connected to at least one end of an exchange member of the first series with at least one end of an exchange organ of the second series.

[0013] - several exchange organs of the first series and several exchange organs of the second series, arranged on the same row, are connected to the same connecting element.

[0014] - the connecting members have the same length.

[0015] - the connecting members are fixed to the ends of the exchange members by a brazing or welding.

[0016] - the connecting members and the exchange members are formed from a single piece.

[0017] - each connecting member has a circular, oblong, elliptical or rectangular.

[0018] - the exchange elements comprise several hollow tubes and connecting elements present an overall tube shape.

[0019] - the exchange elements comprise several plates or fins arranged in each row following a first series and a second series, and the connecting elements present an overall plate shape.

[0020] - the fins of the first series and the second series are arranged respectively in a hollow plate, the connecting members, of the same row, having a hollow plate shape comprising one end opposite the ends of the fins of the first series and one end opposite the ends of the fins of the second series.

[0021] The heat exchanger comprises a plate perforated with holes separating the inner enclosure and the return zone, at least the ends of the exchange elements of the first series and the second series passing through the perforated plate and the holes of the perforated plate being arranged in several parallel rows.

[0022] — the heat exchanger comprises a plate perforated with holes separating the enclosure internal and return zone, the ends of the tubes of the first series and the second series passing through the perforated plate and the holes of the perforated plate being arranged in several parallel rows.

[0023] - - the connecting elements are hollow.

[0024] - - the connecting elements in the form of hollow plates are extensions of hollow plates in which fins are arranged, swept by the first fluid.

[0025] The invention also relates to a turbomachine comprising at least one heat exchanger having any one of the preceding characteristics.

[0026] The invention further relates to an aircraft comprising a turbomachine as mentioned above. Brief description of the figures

[0027] The invention will be better understood, and other objects, details, features and advantages thereof will become more apparent upon reading the following detailed explanatory description, of embodiments of the invention given by way of purely illustrative and non-limiting examples, with reference to the accompanying schematic drawings in which:

[0028] - Fig. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view along a principal axis of a heat exchanger according to the invention;

[0029] - Figure [Fig. 2] is a perspective view of one embodiment of an arrangement of exchange organs and connecting organ of a heat exchanger according to the invention;

[0030] - Figure [Fig. 3] represents, according to a perspective view and according to another orientation, the heat exchanger of the [Fig.2];

[0031] - Figure 4 illustrates another embodiment of connecting elements installed in a return zone of a heat exchanger according to the invention;

[0032] - Fig. 5 represents a rear view of the connecting elements according to Fig. 4;

[0033] - Figure 6 is a side view of the connecting elements of Figure 4; and

[0034] Fig. 7 is a perspective view of the connecting elements of Fig. 4. Detailed description of the invention

[0035] Fig. 1 represents a heat exchanger 1 which allows a transfer of thermal energy between a first fluid 2 and a second fluid 3. The heat exchanger 1 can be installed in an aircraft (not shown) and / or in a turbomachine 4. Of course, the heat exchanger 1 can be installed in any system in which a transfer of thermal energy is required.

[0036] The turbomachine 4 generally and advantageously comprises, from upstream to downstream (following the gas flow within the turbomachine), a compressor assembly (not shown), a combustion chamber (not shown), and a turbine assembly (not shown). A fan or propeller (not shown) may be mounted upstream of the compressor assembly. The aircraft generally and advantageously comprises a fuselage and wings arranged on either side of the fuselage. Each wing can support at least one turbomachine.

[0037] When the heat exchanger 1 is installed in the turbomachine 4, it can be an air-oil heat exchanger for cooling the engine oil with air, a gas-gas heat exchanger for a recovered cycle, for example, etc.

[0038] When the heat exchanger 1 is installed in the aircraft, it can be installed in a cabin air conditioning system, etc.

[0039] The heat exchanger 1 advantageously comprises a body 5 which extends along a first axis X.

[0040] The body 5 can be annular (360°) and centered on the first axis X. Alternatively, the body 5 can be in the form of at least one angular sector centered on the first axis X. The angle of the angular sector is preferably less than 360° and for example between 45° and 60°.

[0041] According to one embodiment, the heat exchanger 1 comprises several heat exchange elements 6 which are configured to allow the transfer of thermal energy. The heat exchange elements 6 are advantageously arranged in an internal space or enclosure 7 which is formed in the body 5 of the heat exchanger 1.

[0042] The heat exchanger 1 also advantageously includes a return zone 8 in which at least part of the exchange members 6 extend. The return zone 8 advantageously extends into the body 5.

[0043] The heat exchanger 1 includes an inlet 9 through which the first fluid 2 enters the heat exchanger 1 and an outlet 10 through which the first fluid escapes from the heat exchanger 1. The inlet 9 and / or the outlet 10 open(s) into the inner enclosure 7.

[0044] Similarly, but not exclusively, the heat exchanger 1 includes an inlet 11 through which the second fluid 3 enters the heat exchanger and an outlet 12 through which the second fluid exits. The inlet 11 and / or the outlet 12 open(s) into the inner chamber 7. The second fluid 3 circulates around the heat exchange elements 6 or through passages formed between the heat exchange elements 6.

[0045] According to an example of an embodiment not shown, the heat exchanger 1 optionally includes pipes in which the second fluid 3 can circulate.

[0046] According to one embodiment, the first fluid 2 circulates in the heat exchanger 1 along a first direction dl and a second direction d2. The first direction dl and the second direction d2 are parallel to the first axis X of the heat exchanger 1. The first direction dl is, in other words, opposite to the second direction d2.

[0047] Advantageously, but not limitingly, the return zone 8 is the zone where the first fluid 2 changes direction in the heat exchanger 1.

[0048] The exchange members 6 include ends which are at least partly arranged or opening into the return zone 8 of the heat exchanger 1.

[0049] Advantageously, the exchange members 6 comprise a first series si of exchange members 6 swept or allowing the circulation of the first fluid 2 in the first direction dl and a second series s2 of exchange members 6 swept or allowing the circulation of the first fluid 2 along the second direction d2.

[0050] The heat exchanger 1 includes connecting members 15, each linking at least one end of a portion of the heat exchange members 6 of the first series s2 to at least one end of a portion of the heat exchange members 6 of the second series s2. In other words, the connecting members 15 are arranged in the return zone 8. This configuration simplifies assembly and reduces the mass of the heat exchanger.

[0051] Advantageously, the connecting members 15 are attached to the ends of the exchange members 6 by brazing or welding. In other words, the connecting members 15 and the exchange member 6 are manufactured separately and then assembled. Each connecting member 15 can be formed using additive manufacturing. This technique makes it possible to produce complex parts, reduce manufacturing costs, and achieve material savings.

[0052] Alternatively, the connecting members 15 and the exchange members 6 are formed from a single piece (made from a material or monolithic). In the case where the connecting members 15 and the exchange members 6 are made from a material, they are produced by additive manufacturing.

[0053] The heat exchanger 1 shown in Figures 1 to 3 is a tube heat exchanger 1. Of course, other heat exchanger 1 configurations such as plate and / or finned can be considered.

[0054] In this embodiment, the exchange members 6 comprise hollow tubes 16, which extend along the first axis X of the heat exchanger 1.

[0055] The first fluid 2 is a cold source, which may be, but is not limited to, nitrogen, and the second fluid 3 is a hot source, which may be, but is not limited to, a hot gas exiting the turbine assembly, particularly a low-pressure turbine. The first fluid 2 has a lower temperature at the outlet of the heat exchanger 1 than at the inlet, and the second fluid has a higher temperature at the outlet than at the inlet. Of course, the configuration can be reversed, i.e., the first fluid can be a hot source and the second fluid can be a cold source.

[0056] Advantageously, but not limitingly, the body 5, which is preferably hollow, extends between a first end 5a and a second end 5b along the first axis X. The body 5 has, for example, a peripheral wall 17 which delimits the internal enclosure 7.

[0057] The heat exchanger 1 advantageously comprises a cover 18 arranged at the first open end 5a. The heat exchanger 1 advantageously comprises a base 19 arranged at the second open end 5b. The cover 18 and the base 19 allow the body 5 of the heat exchanger 1 to be closed. Alternatively, the body 5 and the base 19 are formed of a single piece (made from a single piece of material). Advantageously, the lid 18 is attached to close the body 5.

[0058] According to the example shown, a wall of the lid 18 includes the inlet 9 for the first fluid 2 and a tubular wall of the bottom 19 includes the outlet 10 for the first fluid 2. According to another alternative, the inlet 9 and / or the outlet 10 is / are arranged on the peripheral wall 17 of the body 5.

[0059] Advantageously, a first series of hollow tubes 16a each comprise a first end 20a and a second end 20b that are substantially opposite (plus or minus 10°, for example) along the first X-axis. The tubes 16a are arranged above (along the plane of [Fig. 1] and along a second Y-axis) a median plane PMI containing the first X-axis. The second Y-axis is perpendicular to the first X-axis. A second series of hollow tubes 16b are arranged below (along the plane of [Fig. 1]) the median plane PMI. The tubes 16b of the second series each comprise a first end 21a and a second end 21b.

[0060] Advantageously, the first fluid 2 flows along the first direction dl in the first series of tubes 16a and flows in the second direction d2 in the second series of tubes 16b. The second ends of the tubes of the first series and the second series open into the return zone 8.

[0061] Following the embodiment shown in [Fig.1], the return zone 8 is arranged in the bottom of the heat exchanger 1.

[0062] The return zone 8 is advantageously, but not exclusively, delimited by a first perforated plate 23 with holes 24. The first perforated plate 23 is advantageously positioned between the inner enclosure 7 and the return zone 8. The first perforated plate 23 provides better support for the tubes and their spacing within the heat exchanger 1. The first perforated plate 23 is advantageously, but not exclusively, attached to a peripheral wall 14 of the body 4. Alternatively, the first perforated plate 23 is attached to the tubular wall of the bottom 19.

[0063] In another embodiment, the heat exchanger 1 is devoid of this first perforated plate 23.

[0064] The heat exchanger 1 may include a second perforated plate 25 arranged towards the first ends of the tubes 16 (of the first and second series) to hold them in position in the heat exchanger 1.

[0065] In this embodiment, the tubes 16 have a circular cross-section. The diameter of the tubes 16 is substantially equal to or less than (+ / - 10 mm) that of the holes. The holes 24 also have a circular cross-section. Of course, the holes 24 may have other shapes as long as they allow the passage of the tubes. Advantageously, the 24 holes each have an axis parallel to the first X axis.

[0066] With reference to Figures 2 and 3, each connecting member 15 links three tubes of the first series to three tubes of the second series. Each connecting member 15 can, of course, connect between two and fifty tubes of each series, depending on the dimensions of the heat exchanger 1 and also the number of tubes in each series. Each connecting member 15 is advantageously hollow. The first fluid 2, flowing through the tubes of the first series, passes through the connecting member 15, and then through the tubes of the second series.

[0067] By connecting several exchange organs 6 to a single connecting organ 15, allowing the different "passes" or changes of direction of the same fluid to be carried out, the bulk is significantly reduced and the size of the heat exchanger 1, in particular in the return zone 8, is controlled as well as its mass.

[0068] Each connecting member 15 extends, in a non-limiting manner, along the second axis Y, preferably between a first end 26a and a second end 26b.

[0069] In this embodiment, each connecting element 15 has a circular cross-section and an overall U- or C-shaped form. Each connecting element 15 may, for example, have an overall tube or nipple shape. Of course, each connecting element 15 may have a different cross-section (for example, oblong or elliptical), shape (for example, plate-shaped), and / or dimension while still allowing the circulation of the first fluid and connection with several heat exchange elements 6.

[0070] Advantageously, at least a portion of a connecting member 15a linking an exchange member 6 of the first series to an exchange member 6 of the second series is offset, along a third axis Z (perpendicular to the first and second axes) or circumferential axis, by at least a portion of another connecting member 15b (therefore adjacent along the first axis) linking an exchange member 6 of the first series to an exchange member 6 of the second series, these exchange members 6 being in the same row. The connecting members 15 are arranged parallel to each other. This avoids overlapping of the connecting members 15 and allows control over the size of both the connecting members and the exchange members 6.

[0071] To this end, the connecting members 15 may, for example, have a curvature or a portion 27 with an inflection at their ends 26a, 26b. The curvature or inflection 27 is preferably arranged between each end and the rest of the body 28 of the connecting member 15. Advantageously, but not exclusively, the body 28 of each connecting member 15 extends mainly along the second axis Y. The curvature allows for the offset of the connecting member 15.

[0072] Advantageously, the exchange elements 6 are arranged in several rows. Several rows extend radially (i.e., along the second Y-axis) and the rows are arranged around the first X-axis.

[0073] Similarly, advantageously, the holes 24 (receiving the ends of the tubes 16) in the case of a tube heat exchanger are arranged in several parallel rows. The ends of the tubes 16 of the first and second series are arranged in several rows.

[0074] With reference to Figures 2 and 3, which represent a sector of a heat exchanger, there are four rows extending along the second direction, and in each row, there are advantageously six tube ends of the first series and six tube ends of the second series. In other words, but not limited to, each row comprises a first series s1 of tubes 16a and a second series s2 of tubes 16b. The tube ends are, for example, fixed to the perforated plate 23. The perforated plate 23 comprises, for example, the same number of holes 24 for each row.

[0075] The first ends 26a of the connecting members 15a are connected to three ends 20b of the tubes 16 of the first series s1 (part 1), and the second ends 26b of the connecting members 15a are connected to three ends of the tubes of the second series (part 3). The first ends 26a of the connecting members 15b are connected to three ends of the tubes of the first series (part 2), and the second end (26b) of the connecting member 15b is connected to the ends of the tubes of the second series s2 (part 4). The tubes 16 of parts 1 to 4 (as illustrated in [Fig. 1]) are arranged in the same row. In this way, at least two connecting members 15, 15a, 15b allow the connection of the ends of the tubes 16 that are in the same row. Such an arrangement also prevents the connecting members 15 from overlapping.

[0076] The offset along the third axis Z is also made possible by the additive manufacturing of the connecting members 15, and possibly of the exchange members 6.

[0077] According to another advantageous feature, the connecting members 15 are of identical length. This facilitates manufacturing and assembly, and also reduces manufacturing costs. For example, the length of the connecting member 15 can be 5 cm for a small heat exchanger intended to be mounted, for example, in a small turbomachine. As another example, the length of the connecting member 15 can be 50 cm in the case of an annular heat exchanger installed in the runner of a turbomachine.

[0078] Figures 4 to 7 illustrate another embodiment of connecting elements 15 arranged in the return zone 8 of a heat exchanger 1. The connecting elements 15 have, for example, an overall plate shape. This type of element connection 15 is intended, without limitation, for a plate and / or fin heat exchanger 1.

[0079] In this embodiment, the exchange elements 6 of the heat exchanger 1 comprise at least plates or fins 29 which are swept by the first fluid 2 and / or the second fluid 3.

[0080] The return zone 8 is separated, without limitation, by the perforated plate, each hole of which has a substantially rectangular cross-section. Alternatively, the cross-section of each hole has a shape corresponding to the shape of the cross-section of the exchange members or at least of the end of the connecting members.

[0081] The heat exchanger 1 is annular and centered on the first axis. The heat exchanger 1 has, for example, several stages or rows arranged around the first axis X.

[0082] The heat exchanger comprises, for example, several panels which are superimposed, preferably along an axis transverse to the first X axis. Between two panels are arranged several fins or plates.

[0083] The fins can have all types of shapes, for example wavy, straight, triangular, etc. The fins can also have different types of arrangements, for example staggered pitches.

[0084] The fins preferably have a periodic pattern in each stage.

[0085] The fins arranged between two panels form at least one advantageous floor with the latter.

[0086] Following a non-limiting embodiment, the heat exchanger comprises first fins 291 (shown schematically in [Fig. 4]) through which the first fluid flows, and second fins (not shown) through which the second fluid flows. Optionally, the first fins 291 may be identical to the second fins. Of course, other configurations are possible.

[0087] Advantageously, the first fins 291 are oriented along the direction of flow of the first fluid 2. In this embodiment, the heat exchanger is configured so that the first fluid 2 flows in a first direction d1 and in a second direction d2, which are opposite and preferably parallel. The connecting members 15 allow the change of direction. In the example shown in [Fig. 4], the first fins 291 are elongated and extend along the first axis X.

[0088] Advantageously, but not exclusively, the second fins are oriented along the direction of flow of the second fluid 3. Advantageously, the second fluid 3 flows in a single direction, preferably transverse to the direction of flow of the first fluid. Of course, the heat exchanger could be configured so that the second fluid flows in at least two opposite directions.

[0089] Still on [Fig.4], the heat exchanger 1 advantageously comprises a first series si of fins 29 (here first fins 291) swept by the first fluid 2 along a first direction dl and a second series s2 of fins 29 (here first fins 291) swept by the first fluid 2 along the second direction d2.

[0090] Advantageously, the fins 29, 291 are arranged in rows RI, R2, R3, R4, Rn (shown in figures 5 and 6) or along the stages, which are parallel to the first axis.

[0091] The second fluid 3 flows in a passage 30 provided between the fins 29, 291 of each row. The second fins are optionally arranged in this passage 30.

[0092] A connecting member 15a is connected to at least one exchange member of a first series si and to at least one exchange member of a second series s2. In this embodiment, the connecting element 15, particularly in the form of a plate, is an extension of part of a stage (or at least one hollow plate enclosing the fins 29, 291 of the first series) and another part of the stage (or at least one other hollow plate enclosing the fins 29, 291 of the second series). Advantageously, the hollow plate of each heat exchanger 6 can be formed by two panels of a stage and two opposing walls of the heat exchanger connecting the two panels. In other words, according to this embodiment, a heat exchanger 6 comprises a hollow plate with a series of fins arranged inside it. The first fluid 2 flows inside the hollow plate of the heat exchanger and sweeps across the fins.

[0093] Preferably, but not exclusively, the connecting members 15, 15a, 15b are hollow. The first fluid thus circulates inside the connecting members, allowing the first fluid to circulate in both directions.

[0094] Following this non-limiting example, the end 26a of the connecting member 15a is opposite the end 29b of the fins 29 of the first series s1 and the second end 26b of the connecting member 15a is opposite the end 29b of the fins 29 of the second series s2, of the same stage or row. The same arrangement is made for the connecting member 15b that is on the same row or stage.

[0095] Advantageously, the hollow plates of the connecting members 15 are fixed to the hollow plates of the exchange members 6. The fixing can be achieved using welding or brazing.

[0096] The connecting members 15, 15a, 15b advantageously extending in planes which are superimposed and offset along the third axis Z.

[0097] According to another advantageous feature, each connecting member 15, 15a, 15b has an overall C or U shape.

[0098] Optionally, fins (not shown) are arranged inside each hollow connecting member.

[0099] Advantageously, but not limitingly, each connecting member 15, 15a, 15b has a thickness (or height) hl identical to the height h2 of all the fins of a stage swept by the first fluid 2 or the spacing between two panels of the heat exchanger or of a hollow plate containing fins.

Claims

Demands

1. A heat exchanger (1) for a turbomachine, having a first axis (X), the heat exchanger (1) being intended to carry out heat exchange between a first fluid (2) and a second fluid (3), the heat exchanger (1) comprising: - a body (5) in which an inner chamber (7) and a return zone (8) are formed, - several exchange elements (6; 16; 29) which are installed in the inner chamber (7) and which have ends arranged at least partially in the return zone (8), the exchange elements (6; 16; 29) being arranged in rows (RI, R2, R3, R4, Rn) which each extend along a second axis (Y) and comprising a first series (si) of exchange elements (6; 16; 29) swept or allowing the circulation of the first fluid (2) in a first direction (dl) and a second series (s2) of exchange organs (6; 16;29) swept or allowing the circulation of the first fluid along a second direction, and - connecting members (15) arranged in the return zone (8) and connecting the exchange members (6; 16; 29) of the first series to the exchange members (6) of the second series, characterized in that at least two connecting members (15) connecting ends of the exchange members (6) of the first series with ends of the exchange members of the second series, of the same row, are offset at least in part along a third axis (Z) perpendicular to the first axis (X) and to the second axis (Y), the connecting members (15) being parallel to each other.;

2. Heat exchanger (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that each connecting member (15) is connected at least one end of an exchange member (6) of the first series (s1) with at least one end of an exchange member (6) of the second series (s2).

3. Heat exchanger (1) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that several exchange elements (6) of the first series and several exchange elements (6) of the second series, arranged on the same row (RI, R2, R3, R4, Rn), are connected to the same connecting element (15, 15a, 15b).

4. Heat exchanger (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the connecting members (15) have the same length.

5. Heat exchanger (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the connecting members (15) are fixed to the ends of the exchange members (6) by brazing or welding.

6. Heat exchanger (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the connecting members (15) and the exchange members (6) are formed from a single piece.

7. Heat exchanger (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that each connecting member (15) has a circular, oblong, elliptical or rectangular cross-section.

8. Heat exchanger (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the exchange members (6) comprise several hollow tubes (16) and the connecting members (16) have an overall tube shape.

9. Heat exchanger (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the exchange members (6) comprise several plates or fins (29, 291) arranged in each row according to a first series and a second series, and the connecting members (15) have an overall plate shape.

10. Heat exchanger (1) according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the fins (29, 291) of the first series and of the second series are arranged respectively in a hollow plate, the connecting members (15, 15a, 15b), of the same row, having a hollow plate shape comprising an end (26a) opposite the ends of the fins (29b) of the first series and an end (26b) opposite the ends of the fins (29b) of the second series.

11. Heat exchanger (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that it comprises a perforated plate (23) with holes separating the inner enclosure (7) and the return zone (8), at least the ends of the exchange elements (6) of the first series and the second series passing through the perforated plate (23) and the holes of the perforated plate (23) being arranged in several parallel rows.

12. Turbomachine, in particular for aircraft, characterized in that it comprises at least one heat exchanger (1) according to any one of the preceding claims.

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