Apparatus for applying forensic enhancement agent

Abstract

An apparatus for applying a solventless forensic enhancement reagent 2 to a sample, the apparatus comprising a chamber 6 with sample area 8, reagent area 12, heating device 4 for applying heat to the

Description

FIELD OF INVENTION The present disclosure is in the field of forensics and forensic enhancement and relates particularly but not exclusively to an apparatus for solventless application of forensic enhancement agents, such as fingermark enhancement agent(s) to a sample. The present disclosure also relates, particularly but not exclusively, to cleaning of forensic equipment. BACKGROUND TO INVENTION Samples comprising fingermarks, such as latent finger or palm marks, are often processed using reagents to enhance the fingermarks prior to forensic analysis. Amino acid sensitive reagents, such as ninhydrin and 1,2-indandione, have served as dependable workhorses for fingermark enhancement laboratories for several decades. Their effectiveness on porous evidence types remains unparalleled, with the techniques having been refined over many years to provide well-established and trusted wet processes that rely on a solvent delivery mechanism to carry the chemical reagents to the latent fingermark residues. To that end, carrier solvent selection has played a central role in research efforts and process optimisation, with HFE 7100 (exclusively manufactured by 3M™, under the Novec™ brand name) emerging as the preferred option due to its lack of ink dissolution, high volatility and non-flammable properties. Whilst solution-based treatment of porous evidence has long be exploited by fingermark enhancement laboratories around the world, the HFE carrier solvents that are recommended for use have been under regulatory scrutiny for many years. The solvents are classified as PFAS (perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances) family and, as such, are becoming harder to acquire and will soon be phased out from mainstream manufacture. The present inventors have appreciated that it would be desirable to transition from wet chemistry (some of which will become inaccessible due to regulatory changes) to and an alternative delivery mechanism that mitigates the need for solvent application, whilst ensuring effective and reliable fingermark sensitivity and enhancement. Moreover, the inventors have appreciated the drawbacks with wet chemistry forensic enhancement generally, such as the expense, laboriousness and inconsistencies of solvent dissolution, dipping and drying, and the risk of adverse interaction with subsequent DNA processing. The inventors have also appreciated generally the difficulty in removing or cleaning residual DNA material from forensic equipment, such as forensic or fingermark enhancement apparatus. It is therefore an aim of at least one embodiment of at least one aspect of the present disclosure to obviate or at least mitigate at least one of the above identified shortcomings of the prior art. SUMMARY OF INVENTION According to a first aspect of the disclosure, there is provided an apparatus for applying a forensic enhancement agent to a sample, the apparatus comprising: a chamber comprising: a sample area for receiving a sample; an agent area for receiving a forensic enhancement agent; a fluid flow path from the agent area to the sample area; a heating device configured, in use, to apply heat to the agent area; and a pressuriser operable to configure the chamber between a first pressure and a second pressure. The forensic enhancement agent may be or may include a fingermark enhancement agent, a bodily fluid enhancement agent such as luminol, or the like. The chamber may be a forensic chamber configured for carrying out forensic processes therein. The chamber may comprise one or more walls, and in some examples, one or more curved walls. The chamber may comprise a base. The chamber may comprise a top. The base, top, and one or more walls may substantially define the inner volume of the chamber. The sample area may be configured to receive a plurality of samples. In some examples, the chamber may comprise a sample mount for locating the, or each sample in the sample area. The sample mount may be configured for mounting a plurality of samples thereto. The sample mount may be configured to space apart each sample from the other sample or samples, when located in the sample area. The sample mount may be configured to space apart the, or each sample from one or more, some, or all of the one or more walls of the chamber. The sample mount may be configured to receive one or more, or two or more, or three or more, or four or more, five or more, or six or more samples, or any suitable number of samples. The chamber may comprise a single sample mount for the plurality of samples, although in some examples there may be more than one sample mount. The sample mount may be configured to distribute the plurality of samples within the sample area, which in some examples may be a substantially even or substantially uniform distribution. In some examples, this may be an array or matrix of samples within the chamber. The sample mount may be configured to arrange the sample, or samples, at substantially predefined location(s) within the chamber. The sample mount may be configured to array the samples in at least one direction, which may be a first direction, which may be a substantially horizontal direction, and / or a second direction, which may be a horizontal direction. The sample mount may be configured to space apart the plurality of samples by an average separation distance of about at least 0.1 mm, optionally at least 0.1 cm, optionally at least 1cm, optionally at least 7 cm, optionally between 7 cm and 30 cm, or between 7cm and 15 cm, or less than 30cm, or between 0.1 mm and 30 cm, or between 1mm and 30 cm, or between 1 mm and 15 cm, or between 1 mm and 7 cm. The samples may be substantially equidistantly spaced apart, or non-equidistantly. The sample mount may be configured to space apart the, or each sample from the one or more walls of the chamber by a distance of at least at least 7 cm, optionally between 7 cm and 30 cm, or between 7cm and 15cm, or less than 30cm. The sample mount may be configured to extend the, or each sample substantially in the second direction and a third direction. The third direction may be a vertical direction. The sample mount may be configured such that the plurality of samples do not overlap in the third direction. The sample mount may be configured to space apart and at least partially overlap the plurality of samples when viewed in the first direction and / or the second direction. The first direction, the second direction and the third direction may be orthogonal. The sample may include one or more fingermarks, which may be partial or full, latent or visible, and may include palm marks, thumb prints, or the like, one or more bodily fluids, blood, saliva, urine, semen, and / or DNA. The sample may be a planar or substantially flat member. In some examples, the sample may be a sheet member. The sample may be a cuboidal member, which in some examples may be a rectangular cuboid. The sample may be a rectangular cuboidal sheet member. The sample may be a thin sample having a thickness of about less than 10mm, or less than 5mm, or less than 2 mm, or less than 0.2mm, or between 0.1 mm and 10 mm, or between 0.1 mm and 5 mm, or between 0.025 mm and 2 mm, or between about 0.25 mm and 0.2 mm. The sample may be or may comprise at least one of: organic material, wood or plant-based material, cellulose-based material, paper, card, cardboard, or the like, and may comprise additive material such as ink. In some examples, the sample may be a standard-sized sample, such as any of A0 to A8 (paper size), foolscap, or the like. At least a portion of the sample may be substantially porous, although in some examples the sample may be non-porous. The sample area may be configured to accommodate a sample having a length of at least 20 mm and a width of at least 15mm, optionally a length of at least 200 mm and a width of at least 140mm, optionally a length of at least 280 mm and a width of at least 190mm, optionally a length of between 20 mm and 1,300 mm and a width of between 15 mm and 1,000 mm. The sample may include one or more, two or more, or one, or two, major surfaces. The sample may include at least two major surfaces that are opposite. The apparatus may be configured to apply the forensic enhancement agent, in use, to at least one major surface of the sample, or to two major surfaces of the sample, or one or more major surfaces of the sample, or to the at least two opposite major surfaces. The major surface may be a planar surface, or substantially flat surface. The sample mount may be configured to orient the, or each major surface along the second direction and / or the first direction, and the third direction. The sample mount may be configured to orient the, or each major surface to be co-planar with a plane formed by the second direction and the third direction and / or the first direction and the third direction. The major surface(s), taken together, may make up the majority of the surface area of the sample, optionally at least 60%, or at least 80%, or at least 90%, or at least 99%. The sample may comprise a first region and a second region opposite the first region and the apparatus may be configured to apply the forensic enhancement agent to the first region and the second region of the sample. The first region and the second region of the sample may make up the majority of the sample, optionally at least 50%, or at least 60%, or at least 80%, or at least 90%, or at least 99%, or substantially all of the sample. The apparatus may be configured to apply the forensic enhancement agent to at least 80% of the surface area of the sample, optionally at least 90%, optionally at least 95%, optionally substantially all of the surface area of the sample or to the major surface area thereof. The sample mount may be a stage, a frame, a substrate, or the like. The sample mount may be configured to orient the sample substantially vertically in the sample area. The sample mount may be configured to orient the major surface, or major surfaces of the sample substantially vertically. The sample mount may be configured to space apart the major surfaces of the sample. The sample mount may be configured, in use, to suspend the sample in the sample area. The sample mount may be configured to suspend the sample above the base of the chamber, or above a lower surface of the inside of the chamber, or above a lower region of the chamber. The sample area may be spaced apart from the agent area. The sample mount may be locatable or located at least partially within the chamber. The apparatus may comprise any suitable attachment or engagement mechanism for this. The sample mount may be configured to support or suspend the sample, which in some examples may be at one or more side regions of the sample, or at one side region of the sample. In some examples, the one or more side regions may be a short side and / or a long side of the sample. The sample mount may be configured to connect to at least one of: a side region, an edge region, a corner region of the sample. The sample mount may be configured to locate the sample in the sample area without requiring an additional support component for the sample. The sample, when located at the sample mount, may be free-hanging. The sample mount may be configured to orient the sample substantially vertically, which in some examples may be at least partially through gravity. The sample mount may comprise an attachment mechanism for attaching the sample(s) thereto. The attachment mechanism may include one or more clips, grips, releasable fasteners, hooks, or the like. The sample mount may be configured to secure the, or each sample substantially in position when the chamber is at the second pressure at least. The sample mount may be engageable with at least one wall, or connectable / connected thereto, or integral with at least one wall of the chamber, optionally with an upper portion thereof. The sample mount may be configured to be removable from the chamber. The sample mount may be configured to be locatable within the chamber when the sample is mounted thereto and removable from the chamber when the sample is mounted thereto. The sample mount may comprise one or more gripping portions, such as a handle, for adding or removing the sample mount from the chamber. The heating device may be configured to reach and apply a heating temperature, which may be a substantially fixed temperature, to the agent area. The heating device may be configured to reach and maintain a substantially fixed heating temperature during use, which in some examples, may mean within about 10°C of a target heating temperature, or within about 5°C, or within about 2°C, or within about 1°C, or within about +1-10%, or within about +1- 5%, or within about +1-1%, or within about +1- 0.1 %. The heating device may be operable to heat the agent area to between about 25 °C and about 300 °C, or between about 50°C and about 200°C, or between about 90 °C and about 150°C, or between about 100 °C and about 140 °C, or between about 110 °C and about 130°C, or in some examples to about 110°C or about 130°C. The target heating temperature may be selected from these ranges and values, or have another value. The heating device may be configured to heat the agent area when the chamber is at the second pressure at least. The heating device may be configured to maintain the heating temperature, or substantially fixed heating temperature, for any suitable time period, which may be when the chamber is at the second pressure. The time period for heating may be between about 10 seconds and about 24 hours, or between about 10 minutes and about 12 hours, or between about 30 seconds and about 10 hours, or between about 1 minute and about 2 hours, or between about 1 minute and 30 minutes, or at least 10 seconds, or at least 30 seconds, or at least 1 minute, or at least 20 minutes or at least 30 minutes, or other suitable time period. In some examples, the apparatus may be configured, or a method may include, configuring the chamber between the first and second pressure at least twice and applying heat in multiple cycles. In some examples, the cycle or cycles of operating the apparatus may be carried out over an extended period of time, such as hours or days, overnight, or other suitable time period. The heating device may be operable between an off state and an on state. In some examples, the off state may be a low temperature state rather than the heating device being “off”. When transitioning between from the off state to the on state, the heating device may be configured to ramp up to the heating temperature and to maintain the heating temperature when in the on state. When transitioning from the on state to the off state, the heating device may be configured to ramp down from the heating temperature to a low or off temperature. The term “ramp” is not intended to imply an ideal ramp or linear ramp is necessary. The heating device may include one or more heating elements, or a plurality of heating elements. The, or each heating element may be operable to heat at least a portion of the agent area. In some examples, the, some or all of the heating elements may be an elongate member, a rail, a bar, a block, or the like. The, some or all of the heating elements may extend along the first direction and / or the second direction. The heating device may include at least one first heating element. The heating device may include at least one second heating element. The first heating element and the second heating element may be configured to apply substantially the same heating temperature, or within a tolerance of each other, such as within 5%, or 2% or 1%. In some examples, the first and second heating element may be substantially the same heating element but located in different parts of the chamber. The heating device may be operable to selectively control the, or each heating element, or the first heating element and the second heating element. The heating device may be operable to selectively control the first heating element and the second heating element to apply a different heating temperature thereto or to independently activate each heating element. The heating device may be spaced apart from the sample area. The agent area may be located on or adjacent to the heating device. The agent area may be located on or adjacent to the one or more heating elements. The agent area may be located on or adjacent to the at least one first heating element and / or the at least one second heating element. The one or more heating elements may be located at least partially within the chamber, or adjacent to the chamber, or in some examples, substantially entirely within the chamber. The first heating element may be located in a first region, which may be a lower region, of the chamber. The first heating element may be located at or adjacent to the base of the chamber. The first heating element may be spaced apart from the sample area. The second heating element may be located in a second region, which may be an upper region, of the chamber. The second heating element may be located at or adjacent to the top of the chamber. The second heating element may be spaced apart from the sample area. The first heating element may be spaced apart from the second heating element, which in some examples may be along the third direction. The chamber may include one or more agent substrates for receiving the forensic enhancement agent in the agent area. The agent substrate may include a recess, hole, slot, groove, channel, or the like, for receiving the forensic enhancement agent at least partially therein. A plurality of the forensic enhancement agent, provided to a plurality of locations in the agent area may be used. One or more agent substrates may be adjacent to, on, or part of, the heating device or the heating element or elements thereof. One or more agent substrates may be adjacent to, on, or part of the first heating element and / or the second heating element. The, or each agent substrate may be configured to transfer heat from the heating device to the forensic enhancement agent. The, or each agent substrate may take any suitable form for locating the forensic enhancement agent thereat. The agent substrate may comprise a securing mechanism for the forensic enhancement agent when located thereat. The securing mechanism may be a tab or other cover member, a rotatable or slidable cover or tab member, a bayonet connectorbased securing mechanism, or the like. The at least one first heating element may be one or more rails, bars, blocks, or the like, which may extend along the first direction and / or the second direction. The first heating element may extend substantially from one part of a wall of the chamber to another part of a wall of the chamber. The first heating element may extend substantially along the inner length and / or inner width, or in some examples, the inner diameter of the chamber. The first heating element may be one or more elongate heating members. The at least one second heating element may be one or more rails, bars, blocks, or the like, which may extend along the first direction and / or the second direction, which may be a horizontal direction. The second heating element may extend substantially from one part of a wall of the chamber to another part of a wall of the chamber. The second heating element may extend substantially along the inner length and / or inner width, or in some examples, the inner diameter of the chamber. The second heating element may be one or more elongate heating members. The first heating element may include one or more heating blocks. The first heating element may be radially distributed about a first axis, which may be collinear with the third direction, and may be a vertical axis. The first heating element may be substantially equally radially distributed about the first axis. The one or more heating blocks may be radially distributed about the first axis. The one or more heating blocks may be located at or adjacent to a wall of the chamber and / or the base of the chamber. The one or more heating elements may include at least one agent substrate configured to receive at least one forensic enhancement agent. The agent substrate may be sloped relative to the first direction, or relative to a horizontal plane. The agent substrate of the heating block may be configured to incline the agent area thereof towards the sample area. The angle of incline may be between 0° and 90°, or between 10° and 70°, or between 20° and 60°, or between 30 and 50°, or about 45°. The one or more heating elements, or at least some thereof, may be wedge shaped heating members configured to orient the forensic enhancement agent towards the sample area relative to a horizontal plane of the chamber. The agent area may be configured to receive a substantially solid forensic enhancement agent. In some examples, the forensic enhancement agent may be a solid block, tablet, slab, bar, or the like. The forensic enhancement agent may be solid and / or a liquid at room temperature at atmospheric pressure. The agent area may be configured to receive a plurality of discrete solid forensic enhancement agents. In some examples, the agent area may be configured to receive a fluid forensic agent which is at least one of a solid or liquid. In some examples, at least a part of the forensic agent may be a liquid, and in some examples, the liquid may be the forensic agent devoid of a carrier solvent. In some examples, the plurality of discrete forensic enhancement agents may be substantially the same or different. The heating device may be configured, in use, to convert the, or each forensic enhancement agent from a first phase to a second phase. In some examples, the first phase may be a solid and / or liquid phase and the second phase may be a gas and / or vapour phase. The fluid flow path may be configured as a gas and / or vapour path from the agent area to the sample area. The apparatus may be configured as a solventless forensic enhancement agent applicator. The forensic enhancement agent may be substantially devoid of solvent, or devoid of liquid solvent, or devoid of carrier solvent. The agent area may be a solventless agent delivery area configured for solid and / or liquid agents. The chamber may be configured for solventless application of the forensic enhancement agent to the sample area via the fluid flow path. The fluid flow path may be an uninterrupted fluid flow path from the agent area to the sample area. The fluid flow path may be a direct fluid flow path from the agent area to the sample area. The fluid flow path may be, in use, an open area between the agent area and the sample area. The fluid flow path may be configured to be at the first pressure when the chamber is at the first pressure. The fluid flow path may be configured to be at the second pressure when the chamber is at the second pressure. The fluid flow path may be entirely within the internal volume of the chamber. The fluid flow path may include at least one direct path from the agent area to the sample area that is devoid of fluid flow components, such as fluid conduits, channels, pipes, tubes, or the like. The agent area may be configured to receive a plurality of forensic enhancement agents, which may be spaced apart in use along at least one direction, which may be the first direction, the second direction and / or the third direction. The agent area may include a plurality of areas for receiving forensic enhancement agent thereat. The agent area may include a first agent area and / or a second agent area. The first agent area may be located at the first region of the chamber, which may be the lower region. The second agent area may be located at the second region of the chamber, which may be the upper region. The first agent area may be spaced apart from the second agent area, which may be along at least the third direction. The agent substrate of the second agent area may be configured to suspend the forensic enhancement agent in the chamber. The substrate of the second agent area may be configured to suspend the forensic enhancement agent above at least a portion of the sample area. The sample mount may be configured to suspend the, or each sample above the heating device. The sample mount may be configured to suspend the, or each sample above the first heating element thereof. The sample mount may be configured to locate the sample between the first heating element and the second heating element. The pressuriser may be configured to receive pressure from a source of pressure. The source of pressure may be a pump, which in some examples, may be a vacuum pump. The apparatus may comprise the source of pressure. The second pressure may be substantially lower than the first pressure. The first pressure may be substantially atmospheric pressure. The second pressure may be substantially a vacuum pressure, which need not be an ideal vacuum in at least some examples. The pressuriser may be a vacuum pressuriser. The pressuriser may be operable to reduce the pressure in the chamber. The second pressure may be between about 200 mbar and about 0 mbar, or between about 100 mbar and about 0.1 mbar, or between about 10 mbar and 0.2 mbar, or between about 5 mbar and 0.3 mbar, or between about 1 mbar and 0.1 mbar, or between about 0.3 mbar and 0.8 mbar, or less than about 200 mbar, or less than about 100 mbar, or less than about 10 mbar, or less than about 5 mbar, or less than about 1 mbar, or less than about 0.6mbar, or about 0.5 mbar. The pressuriser may comprise a port for connecting to the source of pressure. The port may comprise a first pressure port for configuring the chamber to the first pressure, and a second pressure port for configuring the chamber to the second pressure. The port may be located at or adjacent to the base and / or at least one wall of the chamber. The port maybe located below and / or to at least one side of the heating device, or in some examples, below and / or to at least one side of the first heating element thereof. A first pressure line may connect the source of pressure to the first pressure port. A second pressure line may connect the source of pressure to the second pressure port. The pressuriser may comprise one or more filters. A filter may be located in the first pressure line. The filter may comprise any suitable filter element. The filter may be configured for at least partially removing non-hazardous organic volatiles, which in some examples may include a carbon-based filter element, such as activated carbon. The filter may be an in-line filter. The filter may be external to the chamber. The first pressure port may be a purge port for purging the chamber. The second pressure port may be a vacuum port for configuring the chamber to substantially vacuum pressure. The chamber may be a sealable chamber. The chamber may be configured to be sealable and pressurisable below atmospheric pressure, or in some examples, substantially to vacuum pressure. The chamber may be configurable between an open state for locating the sample therein, and a closed state for pressuring to the second pressure. The chamber may comprise a closure mechanism, which in some examples may be a lid member. The closure mechanism, or the lid member, may include at least a part of the heating device or the second heating element thereof. The closure member may be located at the upper region of the chamber. The closure member may be located at an end of the chamber. The closure member may close at least a part of the top of the chamber. The closure member may be configured to arrange the second heating element and / or the second agent area at least partially within the chamber. The heating device may be configured to return to the off state before the chamber is configured from the second pressure to the first pressure. In some examples, the, or each sample is removable substantially dry from the chamber when the chamber is returned to the first pressure. The apparatus may be configured for applying one or more types of forensic enhancement agent to the sample. The forensic enhancement agent may configured for enhancing bodily fluid or at least one component thereof, and / or at least one component of a fingermark, such as amino acid(s), or sebum. The forensic enhancement agent may be an amino-acid sensitive reagent, such as ninhydrin, 1,2-indandione, 1,8-Diazafluoren-9-one (DFO), Dimethylacetamide (DMAC), p-Dimethylaminobenzaldehyde (DMAB), 2-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone (Lawsone), 5-(methylthio)ninhydrin (5-MTN), Genipin, any or all derivatives thereof, or the like. The forensic enhancement agent may be a sebaceous sensitive reagent, such as Oil Red O, Basic Violet 3, Iodine, or any and all derivatives thereof. In some examples, the forensic enhancement agent may be configured for use with non-porous samples, such as the examples above and / or cyanoacrylate and derivatives thereof, or for porous samples, the examples above excluding cyanoacrylate. In some examples, the forensic enhancement agent may be a dye, such as Basic Yellow 40, Rhodamine 6G, RAM, Ardrox, and derivatives thereof. In some examples, the agent area may be used for fingermark enhancement agents and / or other enhancement agents, such as reagents for bodily fluid and / or DNA enhancement (e.g. luminol for blood). The apparatus may be configured for applying any suitable agent, in addition to or alternative to the use of fingermark enhancement agent(s). The forensic enhancement agent may comprise between 0.1% to 100% of active ingredient to excipient binder, and in some examples, between about 1% and 80%, or between about 10% and 50%, or about 33 %. These percentages are by weight. The agent area may be configured to receive at least one forensic enhancement agent deposit, or tablet, per sample, or at least two per sample, or the like. The chamber may define a single space for the sample area, or in some examples a plurality of sub-chambers. The chamber may be a substantially cylindrical member, a substantially cuboidal member, or the like. In some examples, the chamber may have an internal volume of between about 0.05 L to about 2,000 L, or between about 0.1 L to about 1,200 L, or between about 20L to about 200 L, or about 100L. The inside of the base of the chamber may be substantially planar. The inside of the top of the chamber may be planar, and may be at least partially defined by the closure member. However, it will be understood that in some examples the inside of the base and the inside of the top of the chamber may have any suitable shape including non-planar shapes. The inner sidewalls, inner top, and / or inner base of the chamber may be configured to improve the flow of gas and / or vapour enhancement agent within the chamber. At least some, or all, of the inner side walls of the chamber may be substantially smooth, and in some examples, may be substantially devoid of recesses, holes, protrusions, or the like, therein. In some examples, the, or each inner side wall may be a continuous smooth surface. In some examples, the, or each inner side wall of the chamber may be a curved surface. Without wishing to be bound by theory, in these examples the chamber is configured to be easier to clean. In some examples, the chamber may comprise one or more internal cover members for covering at least a portion of the inside of the chamber. The one or more internal cover members may be configured, in use, to cover at least a portion of the inside of one or more walls of the chamber, at least a portion of the inside of the top, and / or at least a portion of the inside of the base, and / or any other suitable region or portion of the chamber. The internal cover member may be a liner, a sleeve, or the like. The internal cover member may be made substantially from one or more metals. The, or each cover member may be configured to mitigate contamination of the chamber. The, or each cover member may be configured to make the chamber easier to clean. The, or each cover member may have substantially smooth inner surface(s). The, or each cover member may be configured to improve the flow of gas and / or vapour within the chamber. The one or more cover members may be insertable and removable from the chamber. The heating device may be configured to apply heat to the inside of the chamber. The heating device may be a first heating device, and the apparatus may comprise a second heating device. The second heating device may be configured to apply heat to the chamber, or at least one wall thereof. The second heating device may be located at least partially external to the chamber. The second heating device may be located at or adjacent to at least a portion of at least one wall of the chamber. The second heating device may be configured to heat at least a portion of at least one wall of the chamber between about 30°C to about 80 °C, optionally between about 30°C to about 50 °C, optionally between about 35 °C to about 45 °C, optionally about 40°C. The second heating device may be operable to apply heat to the chamber when the chamber is at the first pressure and / or the second pressure, at least. The apparatus may comprise a control system. The control system may be operable to control the pressurising of the chamber between the first pressure and the second pressure. The control system may be operable to control any other suitable functions of the chamber or the apparatus. The control system may comprise a user interface. The control system may comprise a display element. In some examples, at least a part of the user interface and the display element may be implemented by common functionality, such as a touchscreen interface. The touchscreen may be capacitive or resistive. The control system may be located external to the chamber and in some examples may be at least partially integrated therewith. The control system may be configured to automate at least some of the functions of the apparatus. The apparatus may comprise a base member for providing support to the chamber, which may take any suitable form, and in some examples, may house some components of the apparatus. The apparatus may comprise a cleaning apparatus for cleaning the chamber. The cleaning apparatus may be configured to remove or reduce the presence of residual material, which in some examples may include DNA. The cleaning apparatus may be configured to remove residual material from at least the inner wall or inner walls of the chamber, the inside of the base and / or inside of the top of the chamber, or at least a portion of these areas. The cleaning apparatus may include a plasma device. The plasma device may comprise a first plasma electrode and a second plasma electrode. The plasma device may comprise a gas inlet for providing a first gas to the chamber. The plasma device may be configured, in use, to create plasma within at least a portion of the chamber from the first gas. The first plasma electrode and / or the second plasma electrode may be configured to be insertable within at least a portion of the chamber, which in some examples may be through at least one wall of the chamber. The first plasma electrode and / or the second plasma electrode may be configured to be releasably engageable with the chamber. The first plasma electrode and / or the second plasma electrode may be configured to be removable from the chamber. The cleaning apparatus may be configured to run a cleaning cycle for at least 10 minutes, or at least 1 hour, or between 10 minutes and 2 hours, or about 1 hour. The first plasma electrode may be an anode, and in some examples may be an insertable electrode. The second plasma electrode may be a cathode. The first plasma electrode may be configured to be insertable through a wall of the chamber, or in other ways. The second plasma electrode may be formed by forming an electrical connection to a conductive member located within the chamber, such as a conductive portion of the base, conductive wall and / or top or region thereof, of the chamber. The first gas may be any suitable gas, which in some examples may comprise or may be air, which may be atmospheric air. The plasma device may be configured to create plasma when the chamber is at the second pressure at least. The gas inlet for the plasma device may be located at a wall, base and / or top of the chamber, or in any suitable location. The first plasma electrode and / or the second plasma electrode may be spaced apart, in use, from the sample mount and / or the heating device. According to a second aspect of the disclosure, there is provided a forensic chamber, comprising: a cleaning apparatus, comprising: a plasma device comprising: a first plasma electrode and a second plasma electrode a gas inlet for providing a first gas to the chamber; wherein the plasma device is configured, in use, to create plasma within at least a portion of the forensic chamber from the first gas. According to a third aspect of the disclosure, there is provided a method of applying a forensic enhancement agent to a sample, the method comprising: providing a sample to a sample area of a chamber at a first pressure; providing a forensic enhancement agent to an agent area of the chamber; configuring the chamber from the first pressure to the second pressure; applying heat to the forensic enhancement agent; configuring the chamber from the second pressure to the first pressure; and removing the sample from the sample area. The method may comprise any features, steps, or other subject matter from any of the other aspects of the invention. The steps of the method may be carried out in any order unless the context provides otherwise. According to a fourth aspect of the disclosure, there is provided a kit for applying a forensic enhancement agent to a sample, the kit comprising: a chamber comprising: a sample area for receiving a sample; an agent area for receiving a forensic enhancement agent; a fluid flow path from the agent area to the sample area; a heating device configurable or configured, in use, to apply heat to the agent area; a pressuriser operable to configure the chamber between a first pressure and a second pressure; and one or more forensic enhancement agents. According to a fifth aspect of the disclosure, there is provided a forensic enhancement agent configured for use with any one or more of the first, second and third aspects of the disclosure. According to a sixth aspect of the disclosure, there is provided a sample comprising a forensic enhancement agent applied using the apparatus of the first aspect of the disclosure. According to a seventh aspect of the disclosure, there is provided a method of cleaning a forensic chamber, the method comprising: applying a plasma to at least a portion of the forensic chamber. The above summary is intended to be merely exemplary and non-limiting. The disclosure includes one or more corresponding aspects, embodiments or features in isolation or in various combinations whether or not specifically stated (including claimed) in that combination or in isolation. It should be understood that features defined above in accordance with any aspect of the present disclosure or below relating to any specific embodiment of the disclosure may be utilized, either alone or in combination with any other defined feature, in any other aspect or embodiment or to form a further aspect or embodiment of the disclosure. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS These and other aspects of the present disclosure will now be described, by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein: Fig. 1 shows an apparatus for applying a forensic enhancement agent to a sample, in accordance with an embodiment of the disclosure; Fig. 2 shows an alternative embodiment of the apparatus of Fig. 1; Fig. 3 shows a heating element of the apparatus of Fig. 2; Fig. 4 shows an anode electrode of a plasma device for cleaning the chamber of the apparatus of Fig. 1 or Fig. 2; Fig. 5a shows a test sample of an amino acid grid, in which ninhydrin has been applied using a non-optimised method of application; Fig. 5b shows another amino acid grid test sample in which ninhydrin has been applied using an embodiment of the disclosure; Fig. 6 shows latent hand prints developed by applying ninhydrin using an apparatus in accordance with an embodiment of the disclosure; Fig. 7 shows a latent fingermark developed using 1,2-lndandione and an apparatus in accordance with an embodiment of the disclosure; and Fig. 8 shows a latent hand print developed using 1,2-lndandione and an apparatus in accordance with an embodiment of the disclosure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS With reference to Figs. 1 to 3, an apparatus 1 for applying a forensic enhancement agent 2 to a sample is shown. The embodiment of Fig. 1 mainly differs from the embodiment of Figs. 2 and 3 in that a heating device 4 is implemented in a different way. In the examples of Figs. 4 to 7, a fingermark enhancement agent 2 has been used as the forensic enhancement agent 2, but in other examples other forensic enhancement agents and / or fingermark enhancement agents could be employed with the apparatus 1. With reference to Fig. 1, the apparatus 1 comprises a chamber 6 comprising a sample area 8 for receiving a sample 10, an agent area 12 for receiving a fingermark enhancement agent 2, a fluid flow path from the agent area 12 to the sample area 8, a heating device 4 configured, in use, to apply heat to the agent area 12, and a pressuriser 14 operable to configure the chamber 6 between a first pressure and a second pressure. In the embodiments of Figs 1 and 2, the pressuriser 14 includes a vacuum pump 16 and the second pressure is a vacuum pressure, which will be described in more detail below, as will the conversion of the fingermark enhancement agent 2 from a solid / liquid to a gas and / or vapour, to implement, in some examples, a solventless apparatus 1. The chamber 6 is a cylindrical forensic chamber configured for carrying out forensic processes therein, and comprises a curved wall 6a, a base 6b and a top 6c which substantially define the inner volume of the chamber 6. The sample area 8 is configured to receive a plurality of samples 10, and the chamber 6 comprises a sample mount 18 for locating each sample 10 in the sample area 8. In the illustrated embodiments the sample mount 18 is configured for mounting six samples 10 thereto, but this is an example and other configurations are possible, and it will be readily apparent that for smaller samples 10, there may be more than six samples added to the sample mount 18. The sample mount 18 is configured to space apart each sample 10 from the other samples 10, and from the wall 6a, when located in the sample area 8. In the embodiments of Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, the chamber 6 comprises a single sample mount 18, although in some examples there may be more than one sample mount 18. The sample mount 18 is configured to distribute the plurality of samples 10 within the sample area 8, which in the embodiments of Figs. 1 and 2, is a substantially uniform array distribution. In some examples, this may be a matrix of samples 10 within the chamber 6. The sample mount 18 is configured to arrange the samples 10 at substantially predefined locations within the chamber 6, in an array in a first direction X, which is a substantially horizontal direction. However, the samples 10 could be arrayed in the first direction X and / or a second direction Y, which is also be a horizontal direction in the embodiments shown here. The sample mount 18 is configured to space apart the plurality of samples 10 by an average separation distance of about 7 cm, however in other embodiments this could be for example between 0.1 mm and 30 cm, or between 7cm and 15 cm, or less than 30cm, or another suitable distance. The samples 10 are substantially equidistantly spaced apart but this is not essential and in other embodiments they may be non-equidistantly spaced. The sample mount 18 is configured to space apart each sample 10 from the wall 6a of the chamber 6 by a distance of at least 7 cm, however in other embodiments this could be between 0.1 mm and 30 cm, or between 7cm and 15cm, or less than 30cm, or other distance. The sample mount 18 is configured to extend each sample 10 substantially in the second direction Y and a third, vertical direction Z. However, it will be understood that the samples 10 could be extended in other directions and in other ways than depicted here. The sample mount 18 is configured such that the plurality of samples 10 do not overlap in the third direction Z, and is configured to space apart and at least partially overlap the plurality of samples 10 when viewed in the first direction X. In other examples, the samples 10 could be at least partially overlapped when viewed in the first direction X and / or the second direction Z. The first direction X, the second direction Y and the third direction Z are orthogonal. The sample 10 will typically include one or more fingermarks, which may be partial or full, latent or visible, and may include palm marks, thumb prints, or the like, although the apparatus 1 can be used to apply other reagents to e.g. a sample comprising bodily fluid or DNA or the like. In the embodiments of Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, the six A4 paper samples 10 are used. However, the sample 10 may be any suitable sample that will be readily apparent to those of skill in the art from a reading of this specification. For example, the sample 10 may be a planar or substantially flat member, a sheet member, a cuboidal member, a rectangular cuboid, a rectangular cuboidal sheet member, a thin sample having a thickness of about less than 10mm, or less than 5mm, or less than 2 mm, or less than 0.2mm, or between 0.1 mm and 10 mm, or between 0.1 mm and 5 mm, or between 0.025 mm and 2 mm, or between about 0.25 mm and 0.2 mm. The sample 10 may be or may comprise at least one of: organic material, wood or plant-based material, cellulose-based material, paper, card, cardboard, or the like, and may comprise additive material such as ink. In some examples, the sample 10 may be a standard-sized sample, such as any of A0 to A8 (paper size), foolscap, or the like. At least a portion of the sample 10 may be substantially porous, although in some examples the sample 10 may be non-porous. The sample area 8 accommodates six A4 sheets of paper, but in other examples, the sample area 8 may be configured to accommodate a sample 10 having a length of at least 20 mm and a width of at least 15mm, optionally a length of at least 200 mm and a width of at least 140mm, optionally a length of at least 280 mm and a width of at least 190mm, optionally a length of between 20 mm and 1,300 mm and a width of between 15 mm and 1,000 mm. In the embodiments of Figs. 1 and 2, each sample 10 includes two opposite major surfaces 10a and the apparatus 1 is configured to apply the fingermark enhancement agent 2, in use, to each major surface 10a of each sample 10. The major surfaces 10a are planar surfaces and the sample mount 18 is configured to orient each major surface 10a along the second direction Y and the third direction Z. However, in other examples, the major surfaces 10a may be oriented in other ways, such as along the first direction, X the second direction Y, and / or the third direction Z. The sample mount 18 is configured to orient each major surface 10a to be co-planar with a plane formed by the second direction Y and the third direction Z. The major surfaces 10a, taken together, make up the majority of the surface area of each sample 10, which may be at least 60%, or at least 80%, or at least 90%, or at least 99% depending on the sample. The apparatus 1 is configured to apply the fingermark enhancement agent 2 to substantially all of the surface area of each major surface 10a. The sample mount 18 is a stage, but may take other forms, such as a frame, a substrate, or the like. The sample mount 18 is configured to orient the samples 10, and the major surfaces 10a thereof, substantially vertically in the sample area 8 while spacing apart the major surfaces 10a. The sample mount 18 is configured, in use, to suspend each sample 10 in the sample area 8 above the base 6b of the chamber 6, above a lower surface of the inside of the chamber 6, and above a lower region of the chamber 6. The sample area 8 is spaced apart from the agent area 12. The sample mount 18 is locatable entirely within the chamber 6, and although not shown, the apparatus 1 can comprise any suitable attachment or engagement mechanism for this. The sample mount 18 is configured to suspend the sample 10 by connecting to at one side region of the sample 10, which in some examples can be a long side or a short side of the sample 10. However, in other examples, the sample mount 18 may be configured to connect to at least one of: a side region, an edge region, and a corner region of the sample 10. In the embodiments of Figs. 1 and 2, the apparatus 1 does not require an additional support component for the sample 10 beyond the sample mount 18. The sample 10, when located at the sample mount 18, is free-hanging through gravity. The sample mount 18 comprises an attachment mechanism for attaching the samples 10 thereto, which may include any suitable attachment member, such as one or more clips, grips, releasable fasteners, hooks, or the like. The sample mount 18 is configured to secure each sample 10 substantially in position when the chamber 6 is at the first pressure and at the second pressure and when pressurised therebetween. The sample mount 18 is engageable and connectable with an upper portion of the wall 6a, but in other embodiments may be connected thereto, or integral with at least one wall 6a of the chamber 6. The sample mount 18 is configured to be removable from the chamber 6. The sample mount 18 is configured to be locatable within the chamber 6 when the samples 10 are mounted thereto and removable from the chamber 6 when the samples 10 are mounted thereto. The sample mount 18 includes two handles for adding or removing the sample mount 18 from the chamber 6. The heating device 4 is configured to reach and maintain a heating temperature, which in the embodiments of Figs. 1 and 2 is a substantially fixed temperature, applied to the agent area 12. In some examples, a fixed temperature may mean within about 10°C of a target heating temperature, or within about 5°C, or within about 2°C, or within about 1°C, or within about +1- 10%, or within about +1- 5%, or within about +1- 1%, or within about +1- 0.1 %. In embodiments that use ninhydrin as the reagent 2, the fixed heating temperature is 130°C and in embodiments that use 1,2-lndandionethe fixed heating temperature is 110°C, to give two examples. Without wishing to be bound by theory, maintaining a fixed temperature leads to better outcomes. In other examples, the heating device 4 may be operable to heat the agent area to between about 25 °C and about 300 °C, or between about 50°C and about 200°C, or between about 90 °C and about 150°C, or between about 100 °C and about 140 °C, or between about 110 °C and about 130°C, or in some examples to about 110°C or about 130°C. The target heating temperature may be selected from these ranges and values, or have another value. The heating device 4 is configured to heat the agent area 12 when the chamber 6 is at the second pressure at least. The heating device 4 is configured to maintain the heating temperature, or substantially fixed heating temperature, for any suitable time period when the chamber 6 is at the second pressure. The time period for heating may be between about 10 seconds and about 24 hours, or between about 10 minutes and about 12 hours, or between about 30 seconds and about 10 hours, or between about 1 minute and about 2 hours, or between about 1 minute and 30 minutes, or at least 10 seconds, or at least 30 seconds, or at least 1 minute, or at least 20 minutes or at least 30 minutes, or other suitable time period. The heating device 4 is operable between an off state and an on state. In some examples, the off state may be a low temperature state rather than the heating device 4 being “off”. When transitioning from the off state to the on state, the heating device 4 is configured to ramp up to the heating temperature and to maintain the heating temperature when in the on state, and when transitioning from the on state to the off state, the heating device 4 is configured to ramp down from the heating temperature to a low or off temperature. The term “ramp” is not intended to imply an ideal ramp or linear ramp is necessary. In the embodiment of Fig. 1, the heating device 4 includes a first heating element 4a and a second heating element 4b, each of which is configured to apply substantially the same heating temperature, or within a tolerance of each other, such as within 5%, or 2% or 1%. In the embodiment of Fig. 1, the first and second heating elements 4a, 4b are substantially the same heating element but located in different parts of the chamber 6. In some embodiments, the heating device 4 may be operable to selectively control the first heating element 4a and the second heating element 4b to apply a different heating temperature thereto or to independently activate each heating element. The heating device 4 is spaced apart from the sample area 8. In the embodiment of Fig. 1 the agent area 12 is located on the first heating element 4a and the second heating element 4b. The heating elements 4a, 4b, are located at least partially within the chamber 6. In Fig. 1, the first heating element 4a is located in a first, lower region of the chamber 6, and at the base 6b of the chamber, spaced apart from the sample area 8, and the second heating element 4b is located in a second, upper region of the chamber 6 at the top of the chamber 6 spaced apart from the sample area 8. In the embodiment of Fig. 1, the first heating element 4a is spaced apart from the second heating element 4b along the third direction Z. The chamber 6 includes a plurality of agent substrates 20 for receiving the fingermark enhancement agent 2 in the agent area 12 and for transferring heat thereto. In the embodiment of Fig. 1, each agent substrate 20 is located on and adjacent to the first or second heating element 4a, 4b and includes a recess for the reagent 2, whereas in Figs. 2 and 3, the agent substrate 20 is integral with the second heating element 4b, and also includes a recess for the reagent 2. In other embodiments, the agent substrate 20 may take any suitable form and may include e.g. a recess, hole, slot, groove, channel, or the like, for receiving the fingermark enhancement agent 2 at least partially therein. In the embodiments of Figs. 1 to 3, a plurality of the fingermark enhancement agent 2, provided in tablet form to a plurality of locations in the agent area 12, are used, but it will be understood that in some examples, only one reagent 2 provided to one location may be sufficient, such as for a single small sample (e.g. smaller than A4). In each of the embodiments of Fig. 1 and Figs. 2 &3, the agent substrate 20 comprises a securing mechanism (not shown) for the fingermark enhancement agent 2 when located thereat. The securing mechanism is typically a rotatable tab member to hold the reagent 2 in place, but other securing mechanisms such as a cover member, a rotatable or slidable cover or tab member, a bayonet connector-based securing mechanism, or the like, could be used. In the embodiment of Fig. 1, the first heating element 4a and the second heating element 4b are each elongate heating rails, which extend predominantly along the first direction X from one part of the wall 6a to another part of the wall 6a. The heating rails may be metallic elongate heating members, but may be implemented in many ways. In other embodiments, the first and second heating elements 4a, 4b, may be different to each other, and may extend along the first and / or the second direction X, Y. Each of the first and second heating elements 4a, 4b extend substantially along the inner diameter of the chamber 6a, but in other examples could extend along at least a part of the inner length and / or inner width, or inner diameter of the chamber 6. In other examples, the first and second heating elements 4a, 4b could include at least one of: rails, bars, blocks, or other suitable heating elements. It will also be appreciated that the heating device 4 may take other forms. Turning to the embodiment of Figs. 2 &3, in this alternative embodiment, the chamber 6 includes only a first heating element 4a including a plurality of radially distributed heating blocks, and no second heating element. The heating blocks are radially distributed about a first axis, which is collinear with the third vertical direction Z. Although the first heating element 4a is substantially equally radially distributed about the first axis, in other examples the heating blocks may be arranged differently. The heating blocks are each located at a wall 6a of the chamber 6 and the base 6b of the chamber 6. In other embodiments, the apparatus 1 of Fig. 2 could include a second heating element 4b, either in addition to or in alternative to the first heating element 4a. With regard to Fig. 3, each heating block includes an agent substrate 20 configured to receive two fingermark enhancement agents 2, provided in tablet form. In other examples, the agent substrate 20 may be for one or more reagents 2, rather than two reagents 2. It will be understood that typically the same reagent 2 is applied to the two recesses of the agent substrate 20, but the end user may add whatever reagent they wish to the agent substrate 20. In Figs. 2 &3, the agent substrate 20 is sloped upwards towards the sample area 8 by 30° relative to the first direction and relative to a horizontal plane formed by the first and second directions X, Y. In other examples, the angle of incline may be between 0° and 90°, or between 10° and 70°, or between 20° and 60°, or between 30 and 50°, or about 45°. The heating blocks are wedge shaped, given that the agent substrate 20 is integral therewith. Without wishing to be bound by theory, it is thought that this arrangement leads to better development by generally angling the reagents 2 towards the sample area 8, although it is not essential to do this. In the embodiments of Figs. 1 to 3, the agent area 12 is configured to receive a plurality of discrete, substantially solid fingermark enhancement agents 2 in the form of, for example, a solid block, tablet, slab, bar, or the like. However, in some examples the forensic enhancement agent 2 could be a liquid, or solid / liquid mixture. The fingermark enhancement agent 2 is solid at room temperature at atmospheric pressure, but in other examples could be a liquid or liquid / solid mix at room temperature. In at least some examples of use of the apparatus 1, the fingermark enhancement agents 2 are substantially devoid of solvent, or devoid of liquid solvent and the agent area 12 is a solventless agent delivery area 12 configured for solid agents 2. The chamber 6 is configured for solventless application of the fingermark enhancement agent 2 to the sample area 8 via the fluid flow path. In some examples, the forensic enhancement agent may be a liquid forensic enhancement agent. In some examples, the liquid forensic enhancement agent, or liquid / solid enhancement agent, is devoid of carrier solvent. Typically, when using the apparatus 1, the plurality of discrete fingermark enhancement agents 2 are substantially the same, distributed about the chamber 6 for application to each sample 10, but there may be a plurality of different reagents used with the apparatus 1. The heating device 4 is configured, in use, to convert each fingermark enhancement agent 2 from a first solid phase to a second gas and / or vapour phase, although if a liquid enhancement agent is used, the first phase is a liquid phase, or in some examples where the agent is a liquid and solid, a liquid / solid phase. The fluid flow path of the chamber 6 is configured as a gas and / or vapour path from the agent area 12 to the sample area 8, and as such, the apparatus 1 is configured as a solventless fingermark enhancement agent applicator. Typically this uses vacuum pressure to assist the deposit of reagent 2 onto the samples 10, but in other examples, it may be sufficient that the second pressure is lower than the first pressure. The fluid flow path is a direct uninterrupted fluid flow path from the agent area 12 to the sample area 8. The fluid flow path is configured to be at the same pressure as the chamber 6 and is entirely within the internal volume of the chamber 6. Although shown as an open area between the agent area 12 and the sample area 8, other fluid flow paths may be implemented. In the examples of Figs. 1 and 3, the fluid flow path includes at least one direct path from the agent area 12 to the sample area 8 that is devoid of fluid flow components, such as fluid conduits, channels, pipes, tubes, or the like. In other examples it may be desirable to include such components, but for cleaning and for the flow of reagents 2, it is thought to be advantageous to minimise the surface area of the fluid flow path and have it as open as possible. In the embodiment of Fig. 1, the agent area 12 is configured to receive a plurality of fingermark enhancement agents 2, which are spaced apart in use along the first direction X and the third direction Z. The agent area 12 includes a first agent area at the first region of the chamber 6 and a second agent area at the second region of the chamber 6 spaced apart from the second agent area along the third direction Z. In Fig. 1, the agent substrate 20 of the second agent area is configured to suspend the fingermark enhancement agent 2 in the chamber 6 above at least a portion of the sample area 8. In the embodiment of Figs. 2 and 3, only a first agent area is included, which spaces apart the reagents 2 along the first and second directions X, Y. Turning back to Fig. 1, the sample mount 18 is configured to suspend each sample 10 above the first heating element 4a and is configured to locate each sample 10 between the first heating element 4a and the second heating element 4b, whereas in Fig. 2, the sample mount 18 suspends the samples 10 above only a first heating element 4a. The vacuum pressuriser 14 is configured to receive pressure from the vacuum pump 16 (a source of pressure) to configure the chamber 6 between the first pressure (substantially atmospheric pressure) and the second pressure (substantially a vacuum, which need not be ideal). In some examples, the pressuriser 14 may be operable to reduce the pressure in the chamber 6 to be between about 200 mbar and about 0 mbar, or between about 100 mbar and about 0.1 mbar, or between about 10 mbar and 0.2 mbar, or between about 5 mbar and 0.3 mbar, or between about 1 mbar and 0.1 mbar, or between about 0.3 mbar and 0.8 mbar, or less than about 200 mbar, or less than about 100 mbar, or less than about 10 mbar, or less than about 5 mbar, or less than about 1 mbar, or less than about 0.6mbar, or about 0.5 mbar. The pressuriser 14 includes a first pressure port 22 for configuring the chamber 6 to the first pressure (a purge port), and a second pressure port 24 for configuring the chamber 6 to the second pressure (a vacuum port). The first and second ports 22, 24 are located at the base 6b of the chamber 6 below the first heating element 4a, but in other embodiments could be located at the wall 6a of the chamber 6, or any suitable location. A first pressure line connects the vacuum pump 16 to the first pressure port 22 and a second pressure line connects the pump 16 to the second pressure port 24. The pressuriser 14 comprises an in line filter 26 in the first pressure line configured to remove non-hazardous organic volatiles. The filter 26 may comprise any suitable filter element, which in some examples may include a carbon-based filter element, such as activated carbon. The filter 26 is external to the chamber 6. The first pressure port 22 is used as a purge port for purging the chamber 6 and the second pressure port 24 is a vacuum port for configuring the chamber 6 to substantially vacuum pressure. The chamber 6 is a sealable chamber 6 configured to be pressurisable substantially to vacuum pressure. The chamber 6 includes a lid 6d (a closure mechanism) for configuring the chamber 6 between an open state for locating the sample 10 therein, and a closed state for pressuring to the second pressure. In the embodiment of Fig. 1, the lid 6d includes at least a part of the second heating element 4b. The lid 6d is located at the upper region of the chamber 6 at an end thereof, and closes at least a part of the top of the chamber 6. The lid 6d is configured to arrange the second heating element 4b and the second agent area at least partially within the chamber 6. The heating device 4 is configured to return to the off state before the chamber 6 is configured from the second pressure to the first pressure. Each sample 10 is removable substantially dry from the chamber 6 when the chamber 6 is returned to the first pressure. The apparatus 1 is configured for applying one or more types of forensic enhancement agent 2 to the sample 10, such as the following. The forensic enhancement agent 2 may configured for enhancing bodily fluid or at least one component thereof, and / or at least one component of a fingermark, such as amino acid(s), or sebum. The fingermark enhancement agent may be an amino-acid sensitive reagent, such as ninhydrin, 1,2-indandione, 1,8-Diazafluoren-9-one (DFO), Dimethylacetamide (DMAC), p-Dimethylaminobenzaldehyde (DMAB), 2-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone (Lawsone), 5-(methylthio)ninhydrin (5-MTN), Genipin, any or all derivatives thereof, or the like. The fingermark enhancement agent may be a sebaceous sensitive reagent, such as Oil Red O, Basic Violet 3, Iodine, or any and all derivatives thereof. In some examples, the fingermark enhancement agent 2 may be configured for use with non-porous samples, such as the examples above and / or cyanoacrylate and derivatives thereof, or for porous samples, the examples above excluding cyanoacrylate. In some examples, the forensic enhancement agent 2 may be a dye, such as Basic Yellow 40, Rhodamine 6G, RAM, Ardrox, and derivatives thereof. In the examples of Figs. 1 to 3, and in at least some other embodiments, the agent area 12 may be used for fingermark enhancement agents 2 and / or other enhancement agents, such as reagents for bodily fluid and / or DNA enhancement (e.g. luminol for blood). The apparatus 1 may be configured for applying any suitable agent, in addition to or alternative to the use of fingermark enhancement agent(s) 2. The forensic enhancement agent 2 may comprise between 0.1% to 100% of active ingredient to excipient binder, and in some examples, between about 1% and 80%, or between about 10% and 50%, or about 33 %. These percentages are by weight. In the embodiment of Fig. 1, the agent area 12 is configured to receive at least two fingermark enhancement agent deposit, or tablet, per sample, and in the embodiment of Fig. 2, at least two reagent tablets per sample. Although the chamber 6 defines a single space for the sample area 8, in some examples a plurality of sub-chambers may be used. The chamber 6 may have any suitable internal volume, such as between about 0.05 L to about 2,000 L, or between about 0.1 L to about 1,200 L, or between about 20L to about 200 L, or about 100L. The inside of the base 6b of the chamber 6 is planar, and the inside of the top 6c of the chamber 6 is planar, and is at least partially defined by the lid 6d. The inner side wall of the chamber 6 is a substantially smooth continuous surface, and devoid of recesses, holes, protrusions, or the like, therein. At least some of these features make the chamber 6 easier to clean. The use of smooth surfaces in this manner, and without wishing to be bound by theory, improves the flow of vapour and / or gas enhancement agent within the chamber 6 and makes the chamber 6 easier to clean. In other examples, a cover member, such as a metallic insertable liner, could be used to minimise contamination, make the chamber 6 easier to clean, and improve vaour / gas flow within the chamber 6. The heating device 4 is a first heating device, and the apparatus 1 comprises a second heating device (not shown) configured to apply heat to the wall 6a of the chamber 6. The second heating device is located external to the chamber 6 adjacent to at least a portion of at least one wall 6a of the chamber 6. The second heating device is configured to heat at least a portion of at least one wall 6a of the chamber 6 to about 40°C, but could heat to between about 30°C to about 80 °C, optionally between about 30°C to about 50 °C, optionally between about 35 °C to about 45 °C, optionally about 40°C. Without wishing to be bound by theory, applying heat to the wall 6a in this way assists in the application of agent 2 to sample 10. The second heating device is operable to apply heat to the chamber 6 when the chamber 6 is at the first pressure and the second pressure and therebetween. The apparatus 1 comprises a control system 28 operable to control the pressurising of the chamber 6 between the first pressure and the second pressure. The control system 28 may be operable to control any other suitable functions of the chamber 6 or the apparatus 1. The control system 28 comprises a user interface and a display implemented as a touchscreen interface. The touchscreen may be capacitive or resistive. The control system 28 is located external to the chamber 6 and in some examples may be at least partially integrated therewith. The control system 28 may be configured to automate at least some of the functions of the apparatus 1, such as the application of heat from the first and second heating devices 4a, 4b, and the pressurising between the first and second pressures. The apparatus 1 comprises a base member for providing support to the chamber, 6 which may take any suitable form, and in some examples, may house some components of the apparatus 1. In some embodiments, the apparatus 1 comprises a cleaning apparatus for cleaning the chamber configured to remove or reduce the presence of residual material, which in some examples includes DNA. When used with the embodiments of Fig. 1 or Fig. 2, the cleaning apparatus is configured to remove residual material from the inner wall of the chamber 6, the inside of the base 6b, inside of the top 6c of the chamber 6, and the heating device 4. DNA in particular can be very difficult to remove, and therefore the use of a cleaning apparatus configured to remove DNA is advantageous in a forensic chamber 6. The cleaning apparatus includes a plasma device comprising a first plasma electrode 30 and a second plasma electrode 32, and a gas inlet for providing a first gas to the chamber. The plasma device is configured, in use, to create plasma within at least a portion of the chamber 6 from the first gas. The first plasma electrode 30 is configured to be insertable within at least a portion of the chamber 6, which in some examples may be through at least one wall 6a of the chamber 6. The first plasma electrode 30 may be configured to be releasably engageable with the chamber 6 and removable therefrom. The cleaning apparatus is configured to run a cleaning cycle for at least 10 minutes, or at least 1 hour, or between 10 minutes and 2 hours, or about 1 hour. The first plasma electrode 30 is an insertable anode electrode. The second plasma electrode 32 may be a cathode formed by electrically connecting the base 6b of the chamber 6 to the plasma device cathode connection. The first gas may be any suitable gas, such as air, which may be atmospheric air. The plasma device is configured to create plasma when the chamber 6 is at the second pressure at least. The gas inlet for the plasma device may be located at a wall 6a, base 6b and / or top 6c of the chamber 6, or in any suitable location. The first plasma electrode 30 and / or the second plasma electrode 32 are spaced apart, in use, from the sample mount 18 and / or the heating device 4. An example of how the apparatus 1 may be used will now be provided. The embodiments of Figs. 1 and 2 are used in substantially the same way, and so the following is applicable to both. First, the chamber 6 is configured to the first pressure, by purging to atmospheric pressure, then one or more samples 10 are provided to the sample mount 18 to locate them in the sample area 8 of the chamber 6 at the first pressure. Fingermark enhancement agents 2 are provided to the agent substrates 20 to locate them in the agent area 12 of the chamber 6. It will be understood that the order in which the samples 10 and reagents 2 are added does not matter in these embodiments. The chamber 6 is then configured from the first pressure to the second pressure by the pressuriser 14 through the vacuum line. Next, once the chamber 6 is at the second vacuum pressure, heat is applied from the heating device 4 to the fingermark enhancement agents 2, which converts the solid reagents 2 to gas and / or vapour, which is deposited on the samples 10. This step can be run for any suitable time, and may include being run overnight or for a long period of time, and in general there may be multiple runs of the method of moving between the first pressure and the second pressure and / or applying / removing heat before removing samples 10. Next, the chamber 6 is configured from the second pressure to the first pressure using the purge line and the samples 10 are then removed from the sample area 8. Cleaning of the chamber 6 may then take place, which involves making sure there are no samples 10 or reagents 2 in the chamber 6, pressurising to vacuum pressure, running the cleaning apparatus by creating plasma, and running the cleaning cycle, before pressurising back to the first atmospheric pressure. Figs. 5a to 8 show some results. Fig. 5a shows a test sample of an amino acid grid, in which ninhydrin has been applied using a non-optimised method of application for comparison purposes. Fig. 5b shows another amino acid grid test sample in which ninhydrin has been applied using an apparatus 1 in accordance with an embodiment of the disclosure. As can be seen from Fig. 5b, the apparatus 1 produces a well-developed sample 10, which has been achieved without the use of any solvents. Fig. 6 shows latent hand prints developed by applying ninhydrin using the apparatus 1 in accordance with an embodiment of the disclosure. Fig. 7 shows a latent fingermark developed using 1,2-lndandione and an apparatus 1 in accordance with an embodiment of the disclosure. Fig. 8 shows a latent hand print developed using 1,2-lndandione and an apparatus 1 in accordance with an embodiment of the disclosure. As can be seen from Figs. 6 to 8, with no solvents required, the apparatus 1 can produce developed samples 10 and works with different reagents 2. Modifications and improvements may be applied without departing from the scope of the present invention. For example, although the chamber has been shown as effectively a stand-alone piece of equipment, the apparatus 1 could be included within other components or systems. Even though one chamber has been shown, there may be more than one chamber or sub-chambers. Although multiple samples and reagents have been shown, one or more samples and one or more reagents may be used. Although vacuum pressure is used, in some examples the first and second pressure may have other values than described here, and likewise the temperatures used are for example. The list of possible reagents is not exhaustive and for brevity has been curtailed. Although not shown, in some examples, the chamber may comprise one or more internal cover members for covering at least a portion of the inside of the chamber. The internal cover member may be a liner, a sleeve, or the like. The internal cover member may be made substantially from one or more metals. The or each cover member may be configured to mitigate contamination of the chamber. The, or each cover member may be configured to make the chamber easier to clean. The, or each cover member may have substantially smooth inner surface(s). The, or each cover member may be configured to improve the flow of gas and / or vapour within the chamber. The one or more cover members may be insertable and removable from the chamber.

Claims

1. An apparatus for applying a forensic enhancement agent to a sample, the apparatus comprising:a chamber comprising:a sample area for receiving a sample;an agent area for receiving a forensic enhancement agent;a fluid flow path from the agent area to the sample area;a heating device configured, in use, to apply heat to the agent area; and a pressuriser operable to configure the chamber between a first pressure and a second pressure.

2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first pressure is substantially atmospheric pressure and the second pressure is a substantially a vacuum pressure.

3. The apparatus of claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the chamber comprises a sample mount for locating the sample, or a plurality of samples, in the sample area, wherein the sample mount is configured to space apart each sample from the other sample or samples, when located in the sample area.

4. The apparatus of any preceding claim, wherein the, or each sample comprises a first region and a second region opposite the first region and the apparatus is configured to apply the forensic enhancement agent to the first region and the second region of the sample.

5. The apparatus of claim 3 or claim 4, wherein the sample mount is configured to orient the, or each sample substantially vertically in the sample area.

6. The apparatus of any preceding claim, wherein the heating device is configured to reach and apply a heating temperature, such as a substantially fixed heating temperature, to the agent area7. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein the heating temperature, or substantially fixed heating temperature is between about 25 °C and about 300 °C, or between about 50°C and about 200°C, or between about 90 °C and about 150°C, or betweenabout 100 °C and about 140 °C, or between about 110 °C and about 130°C, or about 110°C, or about 130°C.

8. The apparatus of any preceding claim, wherein the heating device is configured to heat the agent area when the chamber is at the second pressure at least.

9. The apparatus of any preceding claim, wherein the heating device includes one or more heating elements.

10. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the heating element includes at least one of: an elongate member, a rail, a bar, a block.

11. The apparatus of any preceding claim, wherein the agent area is located on or adjacent to the heating device and wherein the chamber includes one or more agent substrates for receiving the forensic enhancement agent in the agent area12. The apparatus of any of claims 9 to 11, wherein the one or more heating elements are located at least partially within the chamber and wherein the heating device includes a first heating element at a first region of the chamber and / or a second heating element at a second region of the chamber.

13. The apparatus of any preceding claim, wherein the agent area is configured to receive a substantially solid and / or liquid forensic enhancement agent.

14. The apparatus of any preceding claim, wherein the apparatus is configured, in use, to convert the forensic enhancement agent from a first, solid and / or liquid phase to a second, gas and / or vapour phase.

15. The apparatus of any preceding claim, wherein the forensic enhancement agent is substantially devoid of solvent, or liquid solvent.

16. The apparatus of any preceding claim, wherein the fluid flow path is entirely within the internal volume of the chamber.

17. The apparatus of any preceding claim, wherein the agent area is configured to receive a plurality of forensic enhancement agents spaced apart along at least one of: a first direction, a second direction, and a third direction.

18. The apparatus of any of claims 3 to 17, wherein the sample mount is configured to suspend the, or each sample above the heating device.

19. The apparatus of any preceding claim, wherein the pressuriser is operable to reduce the pressure in the chamber, and wherein the second pressure is between about 200 mbar and about 0 mbar, or between about 100 mbar and about 0.1 mbar, or between about 10 mbar and 0.2 mbar, or between about 5 mbar and 0.3 mbar, or between about 1 mbar and 0.1 mbar, or between about 0.3 mbar and 0.8 mbar, or less than about 200 mbar, or less than about 100 mbar, or less than about 10 mbar, or less than about 5 mbar, or less than about 1 mbar, or less than about 0.6mbar, or about 0.5 mbar.

20. The apparatus of any preceding claim, wherein the heating device is a first heating device, and the apparatus comprises a second heating device configured to apply heat to the chamber, or at least one wall thereof, wherein the second heating device is located external to the chamber.

21. The apparatus of any preceding claim, wherein the apparatus comprises a cleaning apparatus, comprising:a plasma device comprising:a first plasma electrode and a second plasma electrodea gas inlet for providing a first gas to the chamber;wherein the plasma device is configured, in use, to create plasma within at least a portion of the chamber from the first gas.

22. A method of applying a forensic enhancement agent to a sample, the method comprising:providing a sample to a sample area of a chamber at a first pressure;providing a forensic enhancement agent to an agent area of the chamber; configuring the chamber from the first pressure to the second pressure; applying heat to the forensic enhancement agent;configuring the chamber from the second pressure to the first pressure; andremoving the sample from the sample area.

23. A kit for applying a forensic enhancement agent to a sample, the kit comprising:a chamber comprising:a sample area for receiving a sample;an agent area for receiving a forensic enhancement agent;a fluid flow path from the agent area to the sample area;a heating device configurable or configured, in use, to apply heat to the agent area;a pressuriser operable to configure the chamber between a first pressure and a second pressure; andone or more forensic enhancement agents.

24. The kit of claim 23, wherein the forensic enhancement agent is provided in substantially solid form, such as a solid block, tablet, slab, or bar.

25. A forensic chamber, comprising:a cleaning apparatus, comprising:a plasma device comprising:a first plasma electrode and a second plasma electrodea gas inlet for providing a first gas to the chamber;wherein the plasma device is configured, in use, to create plasma within at least a portion of the forensic chamber from the first gas.