Method, apparatus and computer program

Abstract

A sensing management function SeMF establishes a sensing session with a user equipment UE in which the user equipment provides one or more sensing related services in order to assist a network sensing operation. A sensing usage information report is provided by the UE or by a base station to a charging function CHF, such that a reward for provision of the one or more sensing related services can be granted. The sensing usage information may comprise a number of UE transmissions, resources used, time duration, power consumption, processing time or QoS requirements for the sensing session.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD Various example embodiments of this disclosure relate to a method, apparatus, and computer program, and - in particular - (but not exclusively) to methods, apparatus and computer programs for providing sensing related services. BACKGROUND A communication network can be seen as a facility that enables communications between two or more communication devices, or provides communication devices access to a data network. A mobile or wireless communication network is one example of a communication network. A communication device may be provided with a service by an application server. Such communication networks operate in according with standards, such as those promulgated by 3GPP (Third Generation Partnership Project) or ETSI (European Telecommunications Standards Institute). Examples of standards include the so-called 5G (5th Generation) standards provided by 3GPP. SUMMARY Some example embodiments of this disclosure will be described with respect to certain aspects. These aspects are not intended to indicate key or essential features of the various example embodiments of this disclosure, nor are they intended to be used to limit the scope of thereof. Other features, aspects, and elements will be readily apparent to a person skilled in the art in view of this disclosure. According to an aspect, there is provided an apparatus comprising at least one processor and at least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to perform: establishing a sensing session with a user equipment in which the user equipment is to provide one or more sensing related services in order to support a network sensing operation; and providing a report to a charging function, such that a reward for provision of the one or more sensing related services can be granted, wherein the report comprises sensing usage information relating to the provision of the one or more sensing related services. The report may be for causing a record to be provided at the charging function, where the record includes reward information corresponding to the reward for the provision of the one or more sensing related services, and where the charging function is associated with the user equipment. The apparatus may be caused to perform receiving a sensing output from the user equipment to effect the provision of the one or more sensing related services. The apparatus may be caused to perform receiving a notification from the charging function of the reward. The apparatus may be caused to perform receiving a report generated by at least one of the user equipment or a base station, where the report, generated by at least one of the user equipment or the base station, comprises at least a part of the sensing usage information. The apparatus may be caused to perform determining, at least a part of, the sensing usage information. The apparatus may be caused to perform sending, to the user equipment, an indication that the sensing usage information is to be used for the determination of the reward. The apparatus may be caused to perform receiving, from the user equipment, an indication, with the sensing usage information, that the sensing usage information is to be used for the determination of the reward. The sensing usage information may comprise at least one of the following: a number of transmissions of the user equipment during the sensing session; information about resource elements used to perform sensing measurements; an amount of resources used by the user equipment to transmit and / or receive sensing signals in the sensing session; a total duration time of the sensing session; an active transmission time of the user equipment during the sensing session; an active reception time of the user equipment during the sensing session; a total bandwidth used by the user equipment during the sensing session; a carrier frequency used by the user equipment during the sensing session; a number of antenna elements used by the user equipment during the sensing session; a power consumption of the user equipment during the sensing session; a processing time and / or processing resources that have been used by the user equipment during the sensing session; quality of service requirements for the sensing session; or a quality of sensing data provided by the user equipment during the sensing session. The sensing usage information may comprise at least one of the following: a number of transmissions of the one or more devices associated with the user equipment during the sensing session; information about resource elements used to perform sensing measurements; an amount of resources used by the one or more devices associated with the user equipment to transmit and / or receive sensing signals in the sensing session; a total duration time of the sensing session; an active transmission time of the one or more devices associated with the user equipment during the sensing session; an active reception time of the one or more devices associated with the user equipment during the sensing session; a total bandwidth used by the one or more devices associated with the user equipment during the sensing session; a carrier frequency used by the one or more devices associated with the user equipment during the sensing session; a number of antenna elements used the one or more devices associated with by the user equipment during the sensing session; a power consumption of the one or more devices associated with the user equipment during the sensing session; a processing time and / or processing resources that have been used by the one or more devices associated with the user equipment during the sensing session; quality of service requirements for the sensing session; or a quality of sensing data provided by the one or more devices associated with the user equipment during the sensing session. The apparatus may be caused to perform providing the user equipment with information defining the one or more sensing related services (e.g., to be provided by the user equipment or via the user equipment). The apparatus may be caused to perform providing an indication, to the user equipment, about the end of the sensing session. The report comprising sensing data usage information may comprise at least one of the following: an identity of the sensing session; or an identity of the user equipment. The apparatus may be caused to perform providing, to the user equipment, information indicating that the reward has been granted or information indicating the reward is to be granted. The sensing output information may comprise sensing output information generated by the user equipment and / or sensing output information generated by the one or more devices associated with the user equipment. The sensing usage information may be based on sensing output information generated by the user equipment and / or sensing output information generated by the one or more devices associated with the user equipment. The apparatus may be configured to implement, at least in part, a sensing management function. According to another aspect, there is provided an apparatus comprising: means for establishing a sensing session with a user equipment in which the user equipment is to provide one or more sensing related services in order to support a network sensing operation; and means for providing a report to a charging function, such that a reward for provision the one or more sensing related services can be granted, where the report comprises sensing usage information relating to the provision of the one or more sensing related services. The apparatus may be configured to implement, at least in part, a sensing management function. According to an aspect, there is provided a method comprising: establishing a sensing session with a user equipment in which the user equipment is to provide one or more sensing related services in order to support a network sensing operation; and providing a report to a charging function, such that a reward for provision of the one or more sensing related services can be granted, where the report comprises sensing usage information relating to the provision of the one or more sensing related services. The report may be for causing a record to be provided at the charging function, where the record includes reward information corresponding to the reward for the provision of the one or more sensing related services, and where the charging function is associated with the user equipment. The method may comprise receiving a sensing output from the user equipment to effect the provision of the one or more sensing related services (e.g., during the sensing session). The method may comprise receiving a notification from the charging function of the reward. The method may comprise sending, to the user equipment, an indication that the sensing usage information is to be used for the determination of the reward. The method may comprise receiving, from the user equipment, an indication, with the sensing usage information, that the sensing usage information is to be used for the determination of the reward. The method may comprise receiving a report generated by at least one of the user equipment or a base station, where the report generated by at least one of the user equipment or base station comprises, at least a part of, the sensing usage information. The method may comprise determining, at least a part of, the sensing usage information. The sensing usage information may comprise at least one of the following: a number of transmissions of the user equipment during the sensing session; information about resource elements used to perform sensing measurements; an amount of resources used by the user equipment to transmit and / or receive sensing signals in the sensing session; a total duration time of the sensing session; an active transmission time of the user equipment during the sensing session; an active reception time of the user equipment during the sensing session; a total bandwidth used by the user equipment during the sensing session; a carrier frequency used by the user equipment during the sensing session; a number of antenna elements used by the user equipment during the sensing session; a power consumption of the user equipment during the sensing session; a processing time and / or processing resources that have been used by the user equipment during the sensing session; a quality of service requirements for the sensing session; or a quality of sensing data provided by the user equipment during the sensing session. The sensing usage information may comprise at least one of the following: a number of transmissions of the one or more devices associated with the user equipment during the sensing session; information about resource elements used to perform sensing measurements; an amount of resources used by the one or more devices associated with the user equipment to transmit and / or receive sensing signals in the sensing session; a total duration time of the sensing session; an active transmission time of the one or more devices associated with the user equipment during the sensing session; an active reception time of the one or more devices associated with the user equipment during the sensing session; a total bandwidth used by the one or more devices associated with the user equipment during the sensing session; a carrier frequency used by the one or more devices associated with the user equipment during the sensing session; a number of antenna elements used the one or more devices associated with by the user equipment during the sensing session; a power consumption of the one or more devices associated with the user equipment during the sensing session; a processing time and / or processing resources that have been used by the one or more devices associated with the user equipment during the sensing session; quality of service requirements for the sensing session; or a quality of sensing data provided by the one or more devices associated with the user equipment during the sensing session. The method may comprise providing the user equipment with information defining the one or more sensing related services to be provided (e.g., by and / or via the user equipment). The method may comprise providing an indication to the user equipment about the end of the sensing session. The report comprising, sensing data usage information, may further comprise at least one of the following: an identity of the sensing session; or an identity of the user equipment. The method may comprise providing, to the user equipment, information indicating that the reward has been granted, or information indicating the reward is to be granted. The sensing output information may comprise sensing output information generated by the user equipment and / or sensing output information generated by the one or more devices associated with the user equipment. The sensing usage information may be based on sensing output information generated by the user equipment and / or sensing output information generated by the one or more devices associated with the user equipment. The method may be performed by an apparatus. The apparatus may be configured to implement, at least in part, a sensing management function. According to an aspect, there is provided a user equipment comprising at least one processor and at least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the user equipment at least to perform: establishing a sensing session with a network function in which the user equipment is to provide one or more sensing related services in order to support a network sensing operation, wherein a reward is to be provided for provision of the one or more sensing related services. The user equipment may be caused to perform receiving, from the network function, at least one of the following: information indicating that the reward has been granted; or information indicating the reward is to be granted. The user equipment may be caused to perform providing, to the network function, a sensing output to effect the provision of the one or more sensing related services (e.g., during the sensing session). The reward may be based on sensing usage information relating to the provision of one or more of the sensing related services, where the provision of the one or more sensing related services occurs, at least in part, during the sensing session. The user equipment may be caused to perform receiving an indication that the reward is based on the sensing usage information. The user equipment may be caused to perform receiving an indication that the sensing usage information is to be used for determination of the reward. The user equipment may be caused to perform sending an indication, with the sensing usage information, that the sensing usage information is to be used for determination of the reward. The user equipment may be caused to perform generating a report comprising sensing usage information relating to the provision of one or more of the sensing related service, and providing the report to the network function. The sensing usage information may comprise at least one of the following: a number of transmissions of the user equipment during the sensing session; information about resource elements used to perform sensing measurements; an amount of resources used by the user equipment to transmit and / or receive sensing signals in the sensing session; a total duration time of the sensing session; an active transmission time of the user equipment during the sensing session; an active reception time of the user equipment during the sensing session; a total bandwidth used by the user equipment during the sensing session; a carrier frequency used the user equipment during the sensing session; a number of antenna elements used by the user equipment during the sensing session; a power consumption of the user equipment during the sensing session; a processing time and / or processing resources that have been used by the user equipment during the sensing session; quality of service requirements for the sensing session; or a quality of sensing data provided by the user equipment during the sensing session. The sensing usage information may comprise at least one of the following: a number of transmissions of the one or more devices associated with the user equipment during the sensing session; information about resource elements used to perform sensing measurements; an amount of resources used by the one or more devices associated with the user equipment to transmit and / or receive sensing signals in the sensing session; a total duration time of the sensing session; an active transmission time of the one or more devices associated with the user equipment during the sensing session; an active reception time of the one or more devices associated with the user equipment during the sensing session; a total bandwidth used by the one or more devices associated with the user equipment during the sensing session; a carrier frequency used by the one or more devices associated with the user equipment during the sensing session; a number of antenna elements used the one or more devices associated with by the user equipment during the sensing session; a power consumption of the one or more devices associated with the user equipment during the sensing session; a processing time and / or processing resources that have been used by the one or more devices associated with the user equipment during the sensing session; quality of service requirements for the sensing session; or a quality of sensing data provided by the one or more devices associated with the user equipment during the sensing session. The user equipment may be caused to perform receiving, from the network function, information defining the one or more sensing related services to be provided (e.g., by the user equipment and / or via the user equipment). The user equipment may be caused to perform receiving an indication about the end of the sensing session. The user equipment may be caused to receive sensing output information from one or more devices associated with the user equipment, and generate the sensing output, based at least in part on the sensing output information from the one or more devices associated with the user equipment. The sensing output information may comprise sensing output information generated by the user equipment and / or the sensing output information generated by the one or more devices associated with the user equipment. The sensing usage information may be based on sensing output information generated by the user equipment and / or sensing output information generated by the one or more devices associated with the user equipment. According to another aspect, there is provided a user equipment comprising: means for establishing a sensing session with a network function in which the user equipment is to provide one or more sensing related services in order to support a network sensing operation, wherein a reward is to be granted for provision of the one or more sensing related services. According to another aspect, there is provided a method comprising: establishing a sensing session with a network function in which a user equipment is to provide one or more sensing related services in order to support a network sensing operation, wherein a reward is to be granted for provision of the one or more sensing related services. The method may comprise receiving, from the network function, information indicating that the reward has been granted, or information indicating the reward is to be granted. The method may comprise providing to the network function, a sensing output (e.g., during the sensing session) to effect the provision of the one or more sensing related services. The reward may be based on sensing usage information relating to the provision of one or more of the sensing related services, where the provision of the one or more sensing related services occurs, at least in part, during the sensing session. The method may comprise receiving an indication that the reward is to be based on the sensing usage information. The method may comprise receiving an indication that the sensing usage information is to be used for determination of the reward. The method may comprise sending an indication, with the sensing usage information, that the sensing usage information is to be used for determination of the reward. The method may comprise generating a report comprising sensing usage information relating to the provision of one or more sensing related services, and providing the report to the network function. The sensing usage information may comprise at least one of the following: a number of transmissions of the user equipment during the sensing session; information about resource elements used to perform sensing measurements; an amount of resources used by the user equipment to transmit and / or receive sensing signals in the sensing session; a total duration time of the sensing session; an active transmission time of the user equipment during the sensing session; an active reception time of the user equipment during the sensing session; a total bandwidth used by the user equipment during the sensing session; a carrier frequency used the user equipment during the sensing session; a number of antenna elements used by the user equipment during the sensing session; a power consumption of the user equipment during the sensing session; a processing time and / or processing resources that have been used by the user equipment during the sensing session; quality of service requirements for the sensing session; or a quality of sensing data provided by the user equipment during the sensing session. The sensing usage information may comprise at least one of the following: a number of transmissions of the one or more devices associated with the user equipment during the sensing session; information about resource elements used to perform sensing measurements; an amount of resources used by the one or more devices associated with the user equipment to transmit and / or receive sensing signals in the sensing session; a total duration time of the sensing session; an active transmission time of the one or more devices associated with the user equipment during the sensing session; an active reception time of the one or more devices associated with the user equipment during the sensing session; a total bandwidth used by the one or more devices associated with the user equipment during the sensing session; a carrier frequency used by the one or more devices associated with the user equipment during the sensing session; a number of antenna elements used the one or more devices associated with by the user equipment during the sensing session; a power consumption of the one or more devices associated with the user equipment during the sensing session; a processing time and / or processing resources that have been used by the one or more devices associated with the user equipment during the sensing session; quality of service requirements for the sensing session; or a quality of sensing data provided by the one or more devices associated with the user equipment during the sensing session. The method may comprise receiving, from the network function, information defining the one or more sensing related services to be provided (e.g., by the user equipment and / or via the user equipment). The method may comprise receiving an indication about the end of the sensing session. The method may comprise receiving sensing output information from one or more devices associated with the user equipment, and generating the sensing output, based at least in part on the sensing output information from the one or more devices associated with the user equipment. The sensing output information may comprise sensing output information generated by the user equipment and / or the sensing output information generated by the one or more devices associated with the user equipment. The sensing usage information may be based on sensing output information generated by the user equipment and / or sensing output information generated by the one or more devices associated with the user equipment. The method may be performed by the user equipment. According to another aspect, there is provided a non-transitory computer readable medium comprising program instructions that, when executed by an apparatus, cause the apparatus to perform at least the method according to any of the preceding aspects. In the above, many different aspects have been described. It should be appreciated that further aspects may be provided by the combination of any two or more of the aspect described above (or elsewhere herein). DESCRIPTION OF FIGURES Some example embodiments will now be described, by way of non-limiting and illustrative example only, with reference to the accompanying Figures (FIGs.) in which: FIG. 1 shows a representation of a 5th generation communication system; FIG. 2 shows a representation of an apparatus of the communication system of FIG. 1 according to some example embodiments; FIG. 3 shows a representation of a user equipment according to some example embodiments; FIG. 4 shows an example procedure of some example embodiments; FIG. 5 shows another example procedure of some example embodiments; FIG. 6 shows a method of some example embodiments; and FIG. 7 shows another method of some example embodiments. DETAILED DESCRIPTION A communication network may be used to perform services. These services may be, for example, to sense the surrounding environment. For example, by analysing the physical properties of the received signals, it may be possible to reconstruct the characteristics of an environment. For example, it may be possible to determine the placement of objects / obstacles in a precise area, a size of an object, a velocity of an object, and / or the like. However, in a given communication network, the entities that are involved in the sensing operations are generally deployed for that purpose and thus are dedicated sensing entities. Some example embodiments relate to the use of a user equipment (UE) to provide sensing related services. Some example embodiments relate to the use of a user equipment to provide sensing related services to support a communication network sensing operation. Thus in some example embodiments, the communication network may request the UE to provide a sensing related service for the communication network. Some example embodiments may rely on temporary sensing entities that can provide ad-hoc sensing measurements. These temporary sensing entities may be provided by one or more UEs. For example, one or more UEs may be configured to provide sensing related services when in a specific localized area and / or in response to one or more specific sensing requests from the network. Some example embodiments may be used in a Joint Communication and Sensing (JCAS) framework, which may be provided in standards, such as 6G and beyond. It should be appreciated that example embodiments described herein may be provided in any other suitable framework. The support of UEs in sensing operations may enhance the sensing performance. The communication network may request one or more UEs connected to the communication network to support its (i.e., the communication network’s) sensing operations by providing one or more sensing related services. For example, this may facilitate a more distributed collection of sensing measurements and may lead to enhanced (e.g., optimized) performance. The enhanced (e.g., optimized) performance may be in terms of sensing accuracy and / or reliability. The sensing related service to be provided by the UE for the network sensing operation may lead to one or more of power consumption by the UE, usage of communication resources by the UE, and / or usage of computational resources in the UE. Some example embodiments may provide a mechanism to reward a UE for providing sensing related services to support a network sensing operation. In some example embodiments, sensing usage information relating to the providing of the sensing related services by the UE to support a network sensing operation during a sensing session is determined and / or collected. This sensing usage information may be stored in a database. A report comprising sensing usage information may be provided to a charging function. The sensing usage information may comprise data about a contribution provided by the UE to a network sensing operation. Some example embodiments of the methods and apparatuses of this disclosure may be provided in an architecture used for a 5G system. Aspects of such an architecture are also expected to be used with (e.g., applicable in) a 6G system and potentially beyond. Accordingly, some parts of a 5th generation communication system (5GS), an access network and a core network (5GC) thereof, and communication devices are briefly explained with reference to FIGs. 1, 2 and 3. FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of a 5G communication system (5GS). The communication system may be regarded as a communication network. The 5GS may comprise a user equipment (UE) 300, an access network, such as a 5G radio access network (5G-RAN 100) or next generation radio access network (NG-RAN), and a 5G core network (5GC) 104. The 5G-RAN may comprise one or more radio access nodes, such as gNodeB (gNB) 102. A gNB may include one or more gNodeB (gNB) distributed units connected to one or more gNodeB (gNB) centralized units. The 5GC may comprise various functions, such as a charging function (106), a policy control function (PCF) 112, and a unified data repository 110. Other network functions may be provided. A sensing management function (SeMF) 108 is provided in the core network. FIG. 2 illustrates an example of an apparatus 200. The apparatus may comprise or implement, at least in part, the sensing management function illustrated in FIG. 1. The apparatus 200 may comprise at least one memory 211a, 211b, at least one processor 212, 213 and a network interface 214. The at least one memory may comprise at least one random access memory (RAM) 211a, and at least one read only memory (ROM) 211b. The at least one processor 212, 213 may be coupled to the RAM 211a and the ROM 211b. The at least one processor 212, 213 may be configured to execute an appropriate software code 215. The software code 215 may be stored in the ROM 211b. The software code 215 may, for example, include software code of a sensing management function, which enables (or otherwise facilitates) the apparatus to perform one or more operations of one or more of the aspects. FIG. 3 illustrates an example of a communication device 300, such as the UE 300 illustrated on FIG. 1. The communication device 300 may be provided by any device capable of sending and receiving radio signals. Non-limiting examples of a communication device 300 comprise a user equipment, a mobile station (MS) or mobile device, such as a mobile phone or what is known as a ’smart phone’, a computer provided with a wireless interface card or other wireless interface facility (e.g., USB dongle), a personal data assistant (PDA) or a tablet provided with wireless communication capabilities, a machine-type communications (MTC) device, an Internet of Things (loT) type communication device or any combinations of these or the like. The communication device 300 may comprise a transceiver for transmitting and / or receiving, for example, wireless signals carrying communications (e.g., radio signals). The communications may, for example, include data representative of one or more of voice, electronic mail (email), text messages, multimedia data, and / or machine data (and so on). The communication device 300 may receive wireless signals (e.g., radio signals) over an air or radio interface 307 via appropriate apparatus for receiving and may transmit wireless signals via appropriate apparatus for transmitting radio signals. In FIG. 3, a transceiver is designated schematically by block 306. The transceiver 306 may comprise, for example, a radio part and associated antenna arrangement. The antenna arrangement may be arranged internally and / or externally to the mobile device and may comprise one or more antenna elements. The antenna arrangement may be a multi-input multi output (MIMO) antenna. The communication device 300 may be provided with at least one processor 301, at least one memory 302a, 302b, and other possible components 303 for use in software and hardware aided execution of tasks it is designed to perform, including control of access to and communications with access networks (e.g., the gNB of the 5G-RAN or NG-RAN illustrated in FIG. 1) and other communication devices. The at least one memory may comprise at least one ROM 302a and at least one RAM 302b. The at least one processor 301 is coupled to the RAM 302b and the ROM 302a. The at least one processor 301 may be configured to execute an appropriate software code 308. The software code 308 may, for example, enable (or otherwise facilitate) performance of one or more operations of the communication device. The software code 308 may be stored in the ROM 302a. The processor, the ROM, and the RAM, the transceiver and other circuitry of the communication device (e.g., a modem) can be provided on a circuit board, in chipsets, or in a system on chip. The circuit board, chipsets or system on chip is denoted by reference 304. The communication device 300 may optionally include user interface(s), such as a keypad 305, touch sensitive screen, and / or touch sensitive pad, which includes combinations thereof or the like. Optionally one or more of a display, a speaker and / or a microphone may be provided (or otherwise equipped) depending on the type of communication device. It should be understood that the apparatuses may comprise or be coupled to other units or modules etc., such as radio parts or radio heads, used in or for transmission and / or reception. Although the apparatuses have been described as one entity, different modules and memory may be implemented in one or more physical or logical entities. Some example embodiments may provide a framework to reward a UE for providing sensing related services to support a network sensing operation. The one or more sensing related services may comprise one or more of transmitting a signal, receiving a signal, processing one or more received signals, and providing a report. The UE may optionally provide a sensing output from the UE (e.g., during the sensing session). In some example embodiments, the UE may optionally generate the sensing output, based on sensing output information generated by the UE and / or sensing output information generated by one or more devices associated with the UE. The one or more devices associated with the UE may, for example, include respective communication device(s) described with respect to FIG. 3, or any other sensing devices configured to provide one or more sensing related services and provide, to the UE, sensing output information based on the results of the one or more sensing related services and / or sensing usage information associated therewith. In some example embodiments, when the network decides to request the assistance of UEs to perform one or more sensing related services, where sensing usage information relating to the providing of the sensing related services by a respective UE to support a network sensing operation during a sensing session is determined and / or collected. The sensing usage information may be recorded at the UE, at device(s) associated with the UE, the SeMF and / or the gNB. For example, in some example embodiments, the contribution may be stored in a database or any other suitable data store. The database or data store may be provided in the SeMF, the UE, the device(s) associated with the UE, and / or the gNB. In some example embodiments, the sensing usage information may be stored in only one of the UE, , the device(s) associated with the UE, the SeMF and the gNB. In other example embodiments, the sensing usage information may be stored in two or more of the UE, , the device(s) associated with the UE, the gNB, and the SeMF. Some example embodiments may define a framework in which a UE is compensated or rewarded for providing sensing related services to support a network sensing operation. For example, a so-called negative charging rate (e.g., to generate a credit) may be applied to a subscription of the UE to quantify (or otherwise realize) a reward granted (e.g., during the sensing session). Other examples of rewards will be discussed later. In some example embodiments, the SeMF initiates a sensing session with a UE in which with the UE is to provide sensing related services in order to support a network sensing operation. The SeMF may instruct the UE about the sensing related services to be performed (e.g., by that UE and / or one or more devices associated with that UE). The UE may provide a sensing output (e.g., during the sensing session). The network sensing operation may involve one or more sensing entities and / or one or more other supporting UEs in addition to the supporting UE. The supporting UE may, for example take part in the sensing session as requested by the SeMF. Optionally, the SeMF may send a request to terminate the sensing session to the UE. Otherwise, the sensing session may be associated with a preconfigured time duration. In some example embodiments, at the end of the sensing session, sensing usage information relating to provision of the sensing related services is determined or collected. The sensing usage information may be recorded by the SeMF. The sensing usage information may be used for the determination of the reward. The determination of the reward may be performed by the SeMF or by the CHF. The SeMF may send a reward sensing session request, for that supporting UE, to the CHF. This may be to trigger determination of the associated reward or grant of the reward. The CHF may generate a reward sensing session record for the supporting UE. This may be associated with the sensing session. For example, the CHF may cause a subscription associated with the user equipment to be updated to reward the user equipment for the provision of the sensing related services. The CHF may send, to the SeMF, a reward sensing session response. The sensing related services, provided (e.g., by the UE and / or via the UE), may be used, for example, to provide bi-static UE assisted sensing, monostatic UE based sensing, bistatic sensing, and / or UE based sensing. Reference is made to FIG. 4 which shows a first example procedure of some embodiments. In this example, the UE generates a report comprising sensing usage information. As referenced at 0, the SeMF determines if there are one or more eligible UEs which would support a network sensing operation. A sensing network may be considered to comprise one or more UEs, one or more gNBs and the SeMF. The decision about on which of the one or more UEs would support the network sensing operation may be based on one or more of the following criteria: a level of performance applicable to the requested network sensing service; a geographical area to be covered; an availability of supporting UEs in that vincinity; and / or the like. As referenced at 1, the SeMF identifies that there is an opportunity (e.g., availability, need, would be a benefit) for additional sensing entities for a sensing session. The SeMF then decides to onboard one or multiple eligible supporting UEs. This operation may require interactions of the SeMF with the PCF and / or the UDR to retrieve and process information about the policies of one or more of the UEs, which are potentially configured to support the network sensing operations. These polices may be sensing contribution policies and / or charging rate policies. The determination of which of the one or more UEs to be selected for sensing may, in some example embodiments, be performed using any suitable criteria. As referenced at 2, a UE is onboarded, if required. If required and the UE has not previously been onboarded, then the UE is to be onboarded. The SeMF establishes a sensing session with the one or more selected supporting UEs. In the example shown in FIG. 4, a sensing session with one selected supported UE is shown. In some example embodiments, the UE may receive an indication that the UE will be provided with a reward for provision of the one or more sensing related services (e.g., during the sensing session). This may be provided by the SeMF during the establishment of the sensing session. In some example embodiments, the UE may receive an indication that the UE will be provided with a reward for provision of the one or more sensing related services (e.g., during the sensing session), based on sensing usage information. This may be provided by the SeMF during the establishment of the sensing session. For example, the UE may receive an indication that the sensing information is to be used for the determination of the reward. In some example embodiments, the UE may send an indication, with the sensing usage information, that the sensing usage information is to be used for the determination of the reward. The session establishment may provide information defining the one or more sensing related services to be provided (e.g., by the UE and / or via the UE) and / or information defining at least a part of the sensing usage information. Information which defines the one or more sensing related services to be provided (e.g., by the UE and / or via the UE) and / or information defining at least a part of the sensing usage information may be provided (e.g., generated, established, set forth, promulgated) by (or based on) policy rules. Information which defines the one or more sensing related services to be provided (e.g., by the UE and / or via the UE) and / or information defining at least a part of the sensing usage information may be provided (e.g., generated, established, set forth, promulgated) by (or based on) one or more parameters. Alternatively, information which defines the one or more sensing related services to be provided (e.g., by the UE and / or via the UE) and / or information defining at least a part of the sensing usage information may be at least partially preconfigured. By way of example only, the information which defines the one or more sensing related services to be provided (e.g., by the UE or via the UE) may comprise one or more of: measurement(s) update time; information about one or more reference signals to be used (for example, PRS (positioning reference signal) and / or SRS (sounding reference signal)); a time and / or frequency allocation of one or more reference signals; a total time of the session; and / or a reporting period. The session establishment may define the charging policies of the supporting UE for engaging in the sensing session. The SeMF may provide to the UE at least a part information which defines the one or more sensing related services to be provided (e.g., by the UE and / or via the UE) and / or information defining at least a part of the sensing usage information. The information defining, at least a part of, the sensing usage information may comprise one or more of the sensing parameters to be tracked (e.g., by the UE and / or via the UE) in order to provide sensing usage information. Alternatively or additionally, one or more sensing parameters can be tracked by the SeMF and / or the gNB to provide sensing usage information. As referenced at 3, a network sensing operation is performed in the sensing session. This may involve elements of the sensing network. The elements of the sensing network may comprise one or more of: one or more gNBs; the SeMF; and / or one or more dedicated sensing devices in the field. The sensing session further involves the one or more supporting UEs. The UE provides one or more sensing related services in order to support the network sensing operation. As referenced at 4, optionally, the supporting UE monitors its contribution to the network sensing operation by determining or collecting sensing usage information. Alternatively or additionally, the SeMF and / or the gNB determine the contribution of the UE to the network sensing operation by determining or collecting sensing usage information. The contribution of the UE to the network sensing operation may be determined from the time that the sensing session starts until the end of the sensing session. For example, the contribution of the UE may be based on sensing usage information, such as one or more of the following: a number of measurements; a frequency of signal reception; and / or the like. One or more of the following parameters may be monitored and / or determined to provide sensing usage information: a number of transmissions during the sensing session (e.g., in case the UE has to transmit sensing signals); information about RE (resource elements) used to perform the sensing measurements, (e.g. total bandwidth, total number of RE, number of active OFDM (orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing) symbols or slots, and / or the like); an amount of resources (e.g., number of RBs (resource blocks), or number of reference signals) used (e.g., by the UE and / or via the UE) to transmit and / or receive sensing signals; a total duration time of the sensing session; an active transmission time; an active reception time; a total bandwidth used; a carrier frequency; a number of antenna elements used; a power consumption; a processing time and / or processing resources that have been used (e.g., at the UE and / or via the UE); sensing session QoS (quality of service) requirements; and / or a quality of the extracted sensing information, determined by matching the sensing measurements with the other measurements incoming to the SeMF by other measuring entities. One or more of the parameters may be monitored and / or determined (e.g., by the UE and / or via the UE) to provide sensing usage information. Alternatively or additionally, one or more of the parameters may be monitored and / or determined by the SeMF and / or gNB to provide sensing usage information. In some example embodiments, the UE may determine the quality of the sensing output provided (e.g., by the UE and / or via the UE). This determined quality may be sent to the SeMF in the report provided by the UE. As referenced at 5, the SeMF may optionally inform the supporting UEs about the completion of the sensing session. Alternatively, the sensing session can be considered completed after a configurable time period. The configurable time period may be a configurable silent time window. As referenced at 6, the supporting UE generates a report about a contribution to the sensing session provided by the UE and / or via the UE. This report may comprise sensing usage information. The sensing usage information may be an evaluation of one or more of the parameters mentioned previously. A value expressing the contribution level may be provided. A value may indicate a banding of the contribution level (e.g., low, medium, high). Alternatively, a value may indicate a given value of the associated parameter. This may be used to determine a reward value for the supporting UE. The report can contain the ID of the specific session. This report may, in some example embodiments, be sent to the SeMF. As referenced at 7, the SeMF triggers a reward sensing session request to the CHF. This is to initiate a charging procedure for the supporting UE for participating in that sensing session. This is where the UE is rewarded for provision of one or more sensing related services (e.g., during the sensing session). The UE may be “charging” the network for support provided by the UE and / or via the UE. The IDs of the sensing session and / or the ID (identity) of the supporting UE may be included in the request. This is to enable (or otherwise facilitate) the CHF to keep track of the charging records. The reward sensing request may comprise a report comprising sensing usage information. This is to provide information about the contribution provided (e.g., by the UE and / or via the UE as in the use case where the UE is configured to generate the sensing output based on sensing output information from one or more devices associated with the UE). The sensing usage information in the report may include or be the information provided in the report from the UE. Alternatively or additionally, the report may comprise sensing usage information determined or collected by the SeMF and / or the gNB. In some example embodiments, the SeMF may collect sensing usage information. The information may be collected from one or more of the UE, devices associated with the UE, the SeMF, and / or the gNB. The SeMF may process that collected sensing usage information to provide the sensing usage information, which is provided to the CHF in the report. For example, the SeMF may process that collected usage information to filter out one or more of the collected sensing usage information to include only one or more of the collected sensing usage information, which is required by the CHF. In some example embodiments, the sensing usage information may be generated by the SeMF, based one or more of the sensing usage information parameters mentioned previously and / or a quality of a sensing output provided by the UE during provision of the one or more sensing related services. The sensing output may comprise sensing measurements made by the UE and / or sensing measurements made by one or more devices associated with the UE. In some example embodiments, the UE may determine the quality of the sensing measurements made by the UE and / or sensing measurements made by one or more devices associated with the UE. Alternatively or additionally, the gNB and / or the SeMF may determine the quality of the sensing measurements made by the UE and / or sensing measurements made by one or more devices associated with the UE. As referenced at 8, the CHF generates a reward sensing session record or updates a record associated with the supporting UE. This may be used for applying a charging rate. This record may comprise the ID of the supporting UE and the sensing session. The record may be an entry in a database. A record may be generated for each supporting UE. This information may be used by the CHF. The use of the information may depend on if offline or online charging is used. The reward granted to the supporting UE may be based on the subscription which the UE has. The reward may be determined based on the report comprising sensing usage information. As referenced at 9, the CHF triggers a reward sensing session response to the SeMF. This may indicate the associated reward for the supporting UE and / or the charging rate applied. A response may be provided for each supporting UE, or a response for two or more of the supporting UEs may be provided. The response may optionally be provided by the SeMF to the UE to indicate that a reward has been provided. The response may indicate that the reward has been applied or determined. This may be without indicating what the reward is. Alternatively or additionally, the response may be a notification of the reward. In other words, the UE may receive a notification of what the reward is and / or information that a reward is applied. Reference is made to FIG. 5 which shows a second example procedure of some embodiments. In this example, the SeMF generates a sensing usage report. Alternatively, the SeMF can collect sensing usage information relating to the UE and / or devices associated with the UE, and provide that collected sensing usage information to the UE. It should be appreciated that the parts of the procedure referenced at 0 to 3 are as discussed in relation to FIG. 4. As referenced at 4, the SeMF monitors the contribution of the supporting UE and / or devices associated with the UE via the network sensing operation by determining or collecting sensing usage information. The contribution of the UE and / or devices associated with the UE to the network sensing operation may be determined from the time that the sensing session starts until the end of the sensing session. For example, the contribution of the UE and / or devices associated with the UE may be based on sensing usage information, such as one or more of the following: a number of measurements; a frequency of signal reception; and / or the like. One or more of the following parameters may be monitored and / or determined to provide sensing usage information: a number of transmissions during the sensing session (e.g., in case the UE has to transmit sensing signals); information about RE (resource elements) used to perform the sensing measurements, (e.g. total bandwidth, total number of RE, number of active OFDM (orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing) symbols or slots, and / or the like); an amount of resources (e.g., number of RBs (resource blocks), or number of reference signals) used by the UE to transmit and / or receive sensing signals); a total duration time of the sensing session; an active transmission time; an active reception time; a total bandwidth used; a carrier frequency; a number of antenna elements used (e.g., this may be provided by the UE in a report); a power consumption (e.g., this may be provided by the UE in a report); a processing time and / or processing resources that have been used at the UE (this may be provided by the UE in a report); a sensing session QoS (quality of service)requirements; and / or a quality of the extracted sensing information, determined by matching the sensing measurements with the other measurements incoming to the SeMF by other measuring entities. It should be appreciated that the part of the procedure referenced at 5 is as discussed in relation to FIG. 4. As referenced at 6, the SeMF generates a sensing usage information report to record a UE contribution and / or devices associated with the UE contribution for supporting the network sensing operation. Optionally, this report is shared with the supporting UE. The sensing usage information report may be as discussed in relation to FIG. 4. It should be appreciated that the parts of the procedure referenced at 7 to 9 are as discussed in relation to FIG. 4. The reward which is provided to a UE may be based on the subscription details for the UE. The reward may comprise monetary compensation. This may be based on the sensing contribution. This may be mapped (eg., linearly, proportionally, etc.) to a monetary compensation to the UE subscription. This may result in a credit being applied to the account of the UE subscriber. The reward may comprise additional data allowance. This may result in additional data being applied to the UE subscription. The CHF may determine a value associated with the additional data allowance. The reward may comprise a service upgrade, such as a speed and / or QoE (quality of experience) and / or connection upgrade. The upgrade may be enabled in the subscription information of the UE. The reward may comprise additional network resources that could be used to assist the UE when that UE is to initiate a sensing service. The reward may comprise an upgrade to the QoS (quality of service) of communication services that could be requested by the user. The reward may comprise an upgrade to the QoS of sensing services that can be requested by the user. The reward may comprise an increased allowance for sensing services that can be requested by the user. The reward may comprise additional sensing services that could be consumed by the The CHF may determine the reward. The CHF may inform a BSS (business support systems) of the determined reward. For example, the reward may be a tariff update or a data allowance update or a credit update or service upgrade or additional resources or additional services. Reference is made to FIG. 6 which shows a method of some example embodiments. This method may be performed by an apparatus. The apparatus may be configured to implement, at least in part, a sensing management function. The apparatus may comprise suitable means, such as circuitry for providing the method. Alternatively or additionally, the apparatus may comprise at least one processor and at least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor cause the apparatus at least to perform the method below. Alternatively or additionally, the apparatus may, for example, be implemented as discussed in relation to FIG. 2. The method may be provided by computer program code or computer executable instructions. The method may comprise as referenced Al, establishing a sensing session with a user equipment in which the user equipment is to provide one or more sensing related services in order to support a network sensing operation. The method may comprise as referenced A2, providing a report to a charging function, such that a reward (e.g., to the user equipment) for provision of the one or more sensing related services can be granted, where the report comprises sensing usage information relating to the provision of the one or more sensing related services. It should be appreciated that the method outlined in FIG. 6 may be modified to include any of the previously described features. Reference is made to FIG. 7 which shows a method of some example embodiments. This method may be performed by an apparatus. The apparatus may be implemented as a user equipment. The apparatus may comprise suitable means, such as circuitry for performing the method. Alternatively or additionally, the apparatus may comprise at least one processor and at least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor cause the apparatus at least to perform the method below. Alternatively or additionally, the apparatus may, for example, be implemented as discussed in relation to FIG. 3. The method may be provided by computer program code or computer executable instructions. The method may comprise as referenced Bl, establishing a sensing session with a network function in which a user equipment is to provide one or more sensing related services in order to support a network sensing operation, wherein a reward is to be provided for provision of the one or more sensing related services. It should be appreciated that the method outlined in FIG. 7 may be modified to include any of the previously described features. It is noted that whilst some embodiments have been described in relation to 5G networks, similar aspects can be applied in relation to other networks and communication systems. Therefore, although various example embodiments were described herein, by way of non-limiting and illustrative example, with reference to certain example architectures for wireless networks, technologies and standards, other example embodiments may be applied to any other suitable forms of communication systems than those illustrated and described herein. It is also noted herein that while the above describes example embodiments, there are several variations and modifications which may be made without departing from the scope of this disclosure. In some example embodiments, the charging function is configured to use the sensing usage information to determine and / or apply the reward. It, however, should be appreciated, that in other example embodiments, a different function (e.g., core network function other than the charging function) may be configured to use the sensing usage information to determine and / or apply the reward. As used herein, the terms “first,” “second” and the like may be used herein to describe various elements, these elements should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element from another. For example, a first element could be termed a second element, and similarly, a second element could be termed a first element, without departing from the scope of the various example of embodiments of the subject disclosure. As used herein, “at least one of the following: ” and “at least one of ” and similar expressions, where the list of two or more elements are joined by “and” or “or”, mean at least any one of the elements, or at least any two or more of the elements, or at least all the elements. As used herein, the expression “and / or” also refers to the possibility of any and all combinations of the listed terms, including at least any one of the elements, at least any two or more of the elements, or at least all of the elements. As used herein, performing a step “in response to A” does not indicate that the step is performed immediately after “A” occurs and one or more intervening steps may be included. Analogously, performing a step or functionality “based on A” does not indicate that the step or functionality is performed solely based on “A” as one or more additional conditions may be included. In general, the various example embodiments may be implemented in hardware or special purpose circuitry, software, logic or any combination thereof. Some aspects of the disclosure may be implemented in hardware, while other aspects may be implemented in firmware or software which may be executed by a controller, microprocessor or other computing device, although the disclosure is not limited thereto. While various aspects of the disclosure may be illustrated and described as block diagrams, flow charts, or using some other pictorial representation, it is understood that these blocks, apparatus, systems, techniques or methods described herein may be implemented in, as non-limiting examples, hardware, software, firmware, special purpose circuits or logic, general purpose hardware or controller or other computing devices, or some combination thereof. As used herein, the term “circuitry” may refer to one or more or all of the following example embodiments: (a) hardware-only circuit implementations (such as implementations in only analog and / or digital circuitry) and (b) combinations of hardware circuits and software, such as (as applicable): (i) a combination of analog and / or digital hardware circuit(s) with software / firmware; and / or (ii) any portions of hardware processor(s) with software (including digital signal processor(s)), software, and memory(ies) that work together to cause an apparatus, such as a mobile phone or server, to perform various functions) and (c) hardware circuit(s) and or processor(s), such as a microprocessor s) or a portion of a microprocessor(s), that requires software (e.g., firmware) for operation, but the software may not be present when it is not utilized for operation. This definition of circuitry applies to all uses of this term herein, including in any claims. As a further example, as used herein, the term circuitry also covers an implementation of merely a hardware circuit or processor (or multiple processors) or portion of a hardware circuit or processor and its (or their) accompanying software and / or firmware. The term circuitry also covers, for example and if applicable to the particular claim element, a baseband integrated circuit or processor integrated circuit for a mobile device or a similar integrated circuit in server, a cellular network device, or other computing or network device. The various example embodiments of this disclosure may be implemented by computer software executable by a data processor of the mobile device, such as in the processor entity, or by hardware, or by a combination of software and hardware. Computer software or program, also called program product, including software routines, applets and / or macros, may be stored in any apparatus-readable data storage medium and they comprise program instructions to perform particular tasks. A computer program product may comprise one or more computerexecutable components which, when the program is run, are configured to carry out any of the example embodiments (or portions thereof) described herein. The one or more computerexecutable components may be at least one software code or portions of it. Further in this regard, it should be noted that any blocks of the logic flow as in the FIGs. may represent program steps, or interconnected logic circuits, blocks and functions, or a combination of program steps and logic circuits, blocks and functions. The software may be stored on physical media, such as memory chips, or memory blocks implemented within the processor, magnetic media, such as hard disk or floppy disks, and optical media, such as for example DVD and the data variants thereof, CD. The physical media is a non-transitory media. The term “non-transitory,” as used herein, is a limitation of the medium itself (e.g., tangible, not a signal) as opposed to a limitation on data storage persistency (e.g., RAM vs. ROM). The memory may be of any type suitable to the local technical environment and may be implemented using any suitable data storage technology, such as semiconductor based memory devices, magnetic memory devices and systems, optical memory devices and systems, fixed memory and removable memory. The data processors may be of any type suitable to the local technical environment, and may comprise one or more of general purpose computers, special purpose computers, microprocessors, digital signal processors (DSPs), application specific integrated circuits (ASIC), FPGA, gate level circuits and processors based on multi core processor architecture, as non-limiting examples. Various example embodiments of the disclosure may be practiced in various components, such as integrated circuit modules. The design of integrated circuits is by and large a highly automated process. Complex and powerful software tools are available for converting a logic level design into a semiconductor circuit design ready to be etched and formed on a semiconductor substrate. The scope of protection sought for various example embodiments of this disclosure is set out by the independent claims. The example embodiments in addition to its respective aspects / features thereof described in this disclosure that do not fall under the scope of the independent claims (if any) are to be interpreted as examples useful for understanding various example embodiments of this disclosure. The foregoing description has provided, by way of non-limiting and illustrative examples, a full and informative description of the various example embodiments of this disclosure. However, various modifications and adaptations may become apparent to those skilled in the relevant arts in view of the foregoing description, when read in conjunction with 5 the accompanying drawings and the claims. However, all such and similar modifications of the teachings will still fall within the various example embodiments of the disclosure. By way of non-limiting and illustrative example, there is a further example embodiment comprising a combination of one or more example embodiments with any of the other example embodiments described herein.

Claims

1. An apparatus comprising:means for establishing a sensing session with a user equipment in which the user equipment is to provide one or more sensing related services in order to support a network sensing operation; andmeans for providing a report to a charging function, such that a reward for provision of the one or more sensing related services can be granted,wherein the report comprises sensing usage information relating to the provision of the one or more sensing related services.

2. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the report is for causing a record to be provided at the charging function,wherein the record includes reward information corresponding to the reward for the provision of the one or more sensing related services, andwherein the charging function is associated with the user equipment.

3. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1 or 2, comprising means for receiving a sensing output from the user equipment during the sensing session.

4. The apparatus as claimed in any preceding claim, comprising means for receiving a notification from the charging function of the reward.

5. The apparatus as claimed in any preceding claim, comprising means for receiving a report generated by at least one of the user equipment or a base station;wherein the report, from at least one of the user equipment or the base station, comprises, at least a part of, the sensing usage information.

6. The apparatus as claimed in any preceding claim, comprising means for determining, at least a part of, the sensing usage information.

7. The apparatus as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein the sensing usage information comprises at least one of the following:a number of transmissions of the user equipment during the sensing session;information about resource elements used to perform sensing measurements;an amount of resources used by the user equipment to transmit and / or receive sensing signals in the sensing session;a total duration time of the sensing session;an active transmission time of the user equipment during the sensing session;an active reception time of the user equipment during the sensing session;a total bandwidth used by the user equipment during the sensing session;a carrier frequency used the user equipment during the sensing session;a number of antenna elements used by the user equipment during the sensing session;a power consumption of the user equipment during the sensing session;a processing time and / or processing resources that have been used by the user equipment during the sensing session;quality of service requirements for the sensing session; ora quality of sensing data provided by the user equipment during the sensing session.

8. The apparatus as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein the means for establishing the sensing session is for providing the user equipment with information defining the one or more sensing related services.

9. The apparatus as claimed in any preceding claim, comprising means for providing an indication to the user equipment about the end of the sensing session.

10. The apparatus as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein the report, comprising the sensing data usage information, further comprises at least one of the following:an identity of the sensing session; or an identity of the user equipment.

11. The apparatus as claimed in any preceding claim, comprising means for providing, to the user equipment, information indicating that the reward has been granted or information indicating the reward is to be granted.

12. A user equipment comprising:means for establishing a sensing session with a network function in which the user equipment is to provide one or more sensing related services in order to support a network sensing operation,wherein a reward is to be granted for the provision of the one or more sensing related services.

13. The user equipment as claimed in claim 12, comprising means for receiving, from the network function, information indicating that the reward has been granted or information indicating the reward is to be granted.

14. The user equipment as claimed in claim 12 or 13, comprising means for providing, to the network function, a sensing output to effect the provision of the one or more sensing related services.

15. The user equipment as claimed in any of claims 12 to 14, wherein the reward is based on sensing usage information relating to the provision of one or more of the sensing related services,wherein the provision of the one or more sensing related services occurs, at least in part, during the sensing session.

16. The user equipment as claimed in claim 15, comprising means for receiving an indication that the sensing usage information is to be used for determination of the reward.

17. The user equipment as claimed in claim 15, comprising means for sending an indication, with the sensing usage information, that the sensing usage information is to be used for determination of the reward.

18. The user equipment as claimed in any of claims 15 to 17, comprising:means for generating a report comprising sensing usage information relating to the provision of the one or more sensing related services; andmeans for providing the report to the network function.

19. The user equipment as claimed in any of claims 15 to 18, wherein the sensing usage information comprises at least one of the following:a number of transmissions of the user equipment during the sensing session; information about resource elements used to perform sensing measurements;an amount of resources used by the user equipment to transmit and / or receive sensing signals in the sensing session;a total duration time of the sensing session;an active transmission time of the user equipment during the sensing session;an active reception time of the user equipment during the sensing session;a total bandwidth used by the user equipment during the sensing session;a carrier frequency used the user equipment during the sensing session;a number of antenna elements used by the user equipment during the sensing session;a power consumption of the user equipment during the sensing session;a processing time and / or processing resources that have been used by the user equipment during the sensing session;a quality of service requirements for the sensing session; ora quality of sensing data provided by the user equipment during the sensing session.

20. The user equipment as claimed in any of claims 12 to 19, wherein the means for establishing the sensing session is for receiving, from the network function, information defining the one or more sensing related services to be provided.

21. The user equipment as claimed in any of claims 12 to 20, comprising means for receiving an indication about the end of the sensing session.

22. The user equipment as claimed in claims 12 to 21, comprising:means for receiving sensing output information from one or more devices associated with the user equipment; andmeans for generating the sensing output, based at least in part on the sensing output information from the one or more devices associated with the user equipment.

23. A method comprising:establishing a sensing session with a user equipment in which the user equipment is to provide one or more sensing related services in order to support a network sensing operation; andproviding a report to a charging function, such that a reward for provision of the one or more sensing related services can be granted,wherein the report comprises sensing usage information relating to the provision of the one or more sensing related services.

524. A method comprising:establishing a sensing session with a network function in which a user equipment is to provide one or more sensing related services in order to support a network sensing operation,wherein a reward is to be granted for provision of the one or more sensing related 10 services.

25. A computer program comprising computer executable code which when run on at least one processor is configured to perform the method of claim 23 or claim 24.

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