Liquid-crystal medium

Abstract

To provide a liquid-crystal medium.SOLUTION: The present invention relates to a liquid-crystal (LC) medium based on a mixture of polar compounds, to its use for optical, electro-optical and electronic purposes, in particular in LC displays, especially in LC displays of the vertically aligned mode, to an LC display of the vertically aligned mode comprising the LC medium, especially an energy-saving LC display and to a process of manufacturing the LC display.SELECTED DRAWING: None

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a liquid crystal (LC) medium based on a mixture of polar compounds, its use for optical, electro-optical and electronic purposes, particularly in LC displays, especially in vertically aligned LC displays, a vertically aligned LC display containing an LC medium, particularly an energy-saving LC display, and a method for manufacturing an LC display. [Background technology]

[0002] The proliferation of 8K monitors and gaming monitors has led to increased demand for liquid crystal display (LCD) panels with higher refresh rates, and therefore for LC media with faster response times. Many of these LCD panels use a display mode in which, when switched off, the LC molecules are oriented substantially perpendicular or slightly tilted to the electrode surface.

[0003] Therefore, so-called VA ("vertically aligned") displays, which have a wider viewing angle and faster response time, are known. The LC cell of a VA display has an LC medium layer between two transparent electrodes, where the LC medium usually has negative dielectric anisotropy (Δε). When the switch is off, the molecules in the LC layer are oriented perpendicular to the electrode surface (homeotropic) or have a tilt homeotropic orientation. When a voltage is applied to the two electrodes, the LC molecules re-orient parallel to the electrode surface.

[0004] Furthermore, so-called FFS ("fringe-field switching") displays have been reported (see SHJung et al., Jpn.J.Appl.Phys., Vol. 43, No. 3, 2004, p. 1028 (Non-Patent Literature 1) in particular), which have two electrodes on the same substrate, one of which is comb-shaped and the other is unstructured. This generates a strong so-called "fringe field," that is, a strong electric field near the electrode ends, and an electric field with both strong vertical and strong horizontal components is generated across the cell. FFS displays have low contrast dependence on the viewing angle. FFS displays typically contain an LC medium with positive dielectric anisotropy and an orientation layer, usually a polyimide orientation layer, which results in a planar orientation with respect to the molecules of the LC medium.

[0005] FFS displays can be operated as either active-matrix displays or passive-matrix displays. In active-matrix displays, individual pixels are typically addressed by integrated nonlinear active elements, such as transistors (e.g., thin-film transistors ("TFTs")), while in passive-matrix displays, individual pixels are typically addressed by multiplexing methods known from the prior art.

[0006] Furthermore, there are known displays called IPS ("in-plane switching") which have an LC layer between two substrates, in which the two electrodes are placed on only one of the two substrates and preferably have an interlocking comb-like structure. When a voltage is applied to the electrodes, an electric field with a significant component parallel to the LC layer is generated between the electrodes. This causes the LC molecules to be reoriented in the layer plane.

[0007] Furthermore, FFS displays have been disclosed that have electrode designs and layer thicknesses similar to FFS displays, but instead of an LC medium layer having positive dielectric anisotropy, they have an LC medium layer having negative dielectric anisotropy (see, for example, SHLee et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. Vol. 73 (No. 20), 1998, pp. 2882-2883 (Non-Patent Literature 2), and SHLee et al., Liquid Crystals Vol. 39 (No. 9), 2012, pp. 1141-1148 (Non-Patent Literature 3)). LC media with negative dielectric anisotropy exhibit a more preferable director orientation with smaller tilt and higher twist orientation compared to LC media with positive dielectric anisotropy, and as a result these displays have higher transmittance.

[0008] Furthermore UV 2 VA displays using orientation layers prepared by photo-orientation known as A-mode have been disclosed (see, for example, Q. Tang et al., SID Symposium Digest of Technical Papers, 2018, pp. 414-417 (Non-Patent Literature 4)). These displays utilize orientation layers prepared from crosslinkable and photo-orientable monomers or prepolymers, such as chromophores cinnamate, and are irradiated obliquely with linearly polarized UV light. As a result, a crosslinked orientation layer is formed, and uniaxial orientation with a pre-tilt angle is induced in LC molecules near its surface. By changing the irradiation direction, multi-domain structures with different pre-tilt directions can be obtained.

[0009] However, the use of LC media with negative dielectric anisotropy in FFS displays also has several drawbacks. For example, they have significantly lower reliability compared to LC media with positive dielectric anisotropy.

[0010] As used herein, the term "reliability" refers to the performance quality of a display under various stresses such as illumination load, temperature, humidity, and voltage, which can result in display defects such as image fixation (area and linear image fixation), unevenness, and smudges, and are well known to those skilled in the art of LC displays. A standard parameter used to classify reliability is typically the voltage holding ration (VHR), which is a measure of how a test display maintains a constant voltage. A higher VHR value indicates better reliability of the medium.

[0011] The reduced reliability of LC media with negative dielectric anisotropy in VA or FFS displays can be explained by the interaction between LC molecules and the polyimide orientation layer, resulting in the extraction of ions from the polyimide orientation layer, and LC molecules with negative dielectric anisotropy extract such ions more effectively.

[0012] As a result, new requirements arise for LC media to be used in VA or FFS displays. In particular, LC media must exhibit high reliability and high VHR values ​​after UV exposure. Further requirements include high resistivity, a wide operating temperature range, short response time even at low temperatures, low threshold voltage, numerous halftones (gray shielding), high contrast and wide viewing angles, and reduced image fixation.

[0013] Therefore, in displays known from prior art, an undesirable effect called "image fixation" or "image focusing" is often observed, in which the image generated in the LC display by the temporary addressing of individual pixels remains visible and persists even after the electric field switch in those pixels is turned off, or even after other pixels have been addressed.

[0014] On the other hand, using LC media with low VHR can cause this "image fixation." The UV component of daylight or backlight can trigger undesirable decomposition reactions of LC molecules in the mixture, thus initiating the generation of ionic or free radical impurities. These can accumulate, particularly in the electrodes or orientation layers, which can lead to a decrease in the effective applied voltage.

[0015] Other problems observed in the prior art include, but are not limited to, FFS displays, where LC media for use in displays often exhibit high viscosity, resulting in high switch times. The prior art has suggested adding LC compounds containing alkenyl groups to reduce the viscosity and switch time of LC media. However, LC media containing alkenyl compounds often exhibit reduced reliability and stability, and a decrease in VHR has been observed, particularly after exposure to UV radiation, but also to visible light from the backlight of displays that do not normally emit UV light. [Prior art documents] [Non-patent literature]

[0016] [Non-Patent Document 1] SHJung et al., Jpn.J.Appl.Phys., Volume 43, No. 3, 2004, Page 1028 [Non-Patent Document 2] SHLee et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. Vol. 73 (No. 20), 1998, pp. 2882-2883 [Non-Patent Document 3] SHLee et al., Liquid Crystals Volume 39 (No. 9), 2012, pp. 1141-1148 [Non-Patent Document 4] Q. Tang et al., SID Symposium Digest of Technical Papers, 2018, pp. 414-417 [Overview of the Initiative] [Problems that the invention aims to solve]

[0017] Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide an improved LC medium for use in VA, IPS, or FFS displays that exhibits improved characteristics, either by no means or only by minimal means, compared to the aforementioned drawbacks. A further object of the present invention is to provide a VA, IPS, or FFS display with good transmittance, high reliability, particularly a high VHR value after backlight exposure, relatively high resistivity, a large operating temperature range, short response time even at low temperatures, a low threshold voltage, numerous halftones (gray shielding), high contrast and wide viewing angles, and reduced image fixation.

[0018] We have found that one or more of these objectives can be achieved by providing LC media as disclosed and claimed herein. [Means for solving the problem]

[0019] Therefore, the present invention relates to an LC medium having negative dielectric anisotropy and containing one or more compounds of formula IA.

[0020] [ka]

[0021] In the formula, each base, whether identical or different in its respective appearance, has the following meanings independently of each other: R 1A This is an alkyl or alkoxy group having 1 to 12, preferably 1 to 6, carbon atoms, wherein one or more non-adjacent CH2 groups are replaced with cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, or cyclopentyl. R 2A These are linear, branched, or cyclic alkyl groups having 1 to 25 carbon atoms (where one or more non-adjacent CH2 groups are arranged so that the O and / or S atoms are not directly linked to each other independently, resulting in -O-, -S-, -CO-, -CO-O-, -O-CO-, -O-CO-O-, -CR0 =CR 00 -, -C≡C-,

Chem.

[0022] The present invention further relates to the use of an LC medium as described above in an LC display, preferably a VA, IPS, FFS, UB-FFS or UV 2 A-mode LC display as described above.

[0023] The present invention further relates to a method for preparing an LC medium as described above, comprising the step of mixing one or more compounds of formula IA with one or more compounds of formula II or other compounds as described above and optionally further LC compounds and / or additives.

[0024] The present invention further relates to an LC display comprising an LC medium according to the present invention as described above, preferably a VA, IPS, FFS, UB-FFS or UV 2 A-mode LC display.

[0025] The present invention further relates to a method for manufacturing an LC display as described above, comprising the step of filling or otherwise providing an LC medium as described above between the substrates of the display.

[0026] When the LC medium according to the present invention is used in an LC display, it exhibits one or more of the following advantageous properties: • High transparency, • High contrast ratio, • Reduced image fixation, • Reduced ODF unevenness, · Reduced rotational viscosity, • High reliability and high VHR value after UV exposure and / or heat treatment. • Fast response time, A preferred low ratio of rotational viscosity to the spray elastic constant γ1 / K1 contributes to improving switch behavior, especially at low drive voltages, and is effective in enabling energy-saving displays. • Low threshold voltage, useful for enabling energy-saving displays.

[0027] The LC medium according to the present invention has low rotational viscosity, high birefringence, and a high mean elastic constant K. avg Surprisingly, a favorable combination was found. Low rotational viscosity and high birefringence enable high-speed LC medium mixtures suitable for very small cell gaps. On the other hand, K avg Increasing this parameter allows for lower scattering parameters and, consequently, a higher contrast ratio. Furthermore, in terms of reliability, the LC medium according to the present invention exhibits a high VHR value and has little to no undesirable unevenness effects such as edge unevenness. [Modes for carrying out the invention]

[0028] Alkenyl groups in the compounds of the LC media disclosed below are not considered to be within the meaning of the term “polymerizable group” as used herein. The polymerization conditions of the polymerizable compounds of the LC media are preferably selected so that the alkenyl substituents do not participate in the polymerization reaction. Preferably, the LC media disclosed and claimed in this application do not contain additives that initiate or promote the participation of alkenyl groups in the polymerization reaction.

[0029] Unless otherwise specified, the compounds disclosed above and below are preferably selected from achiral compounds, with the exception of chiral dopants.

[0030] As used herein, the expression “UV light having wavelengths of” following a given wavelength range (in nm) or a given lower or upper limit of wavelength (in nm) means that the UV emission spectrum of each radiation source has an emission peak which is the highest peak within the given wavelength range or above the given lower limit of wavelength or below the given upper limit of wavelength, and / or the UV absorption spectrum of each chemical has a long or short wavelength tail that extends within the given wavelength range or above the given lower limit of wavelength or below the given upper limit of wavelength.

[0031] As used herein, the term "substantially transmit" means that the filter transmits most, preferably at least 50%, of the incident light of the desired wavelength. As used herein, the term "substantially block" means that the filter does not transmit most, preferably at least 50%, of the incident light of the undesired wavelength. As used herein, the term "desired (undesired) wavelength" means, for example, wavelengths within (outside) a given range of λ in the case of a bandpass filter, and wavelengths above (below) a given value of λ in the case of a cutoff filter.

[0032] As used herein, the terms “active layer” and “switchable layer” refer to layers in electro-optical displays, such as LC displays, that contain one or more molecules having structural and optical anisotropy, such as LC molecules, whose orientation changes in response to external stimuli, such as electric or magnetic fields, resulting in a change in the transparency of the layer to polarized or unpolarized light.

[0033] As used herein, the terms “tilt” and “tilt angle” mean the tilted orientation of LC molecules in an LC medium relative to the cell surface in an LC display (preferably a PSA display). In this specification, the tilt angle means the average angle (less than 90°) between the molecular long axis (LC director) of the LC molecule and the surface of the flat, parallel outer plate forming the LC cell. In this specification, a low tilt angle (i.e., far from 90°) corresponds to a large tilt. Appropriate methods for measuring the tilt angle are given in the examples. Unless otherwise indicated, the tilt angle values ​​disclosed above and below refer to this measurement method.

[0034] As used herein, the terms “reactive mesogen” and “RM (reactive mesogen)” are understood to mean a compound containing a mesogen or liquid crystal skeleton and one or more functional groups linked to that skeleton and suitable for polymerization, and the functional group is also referred to as a “polymerizable group” or “P”.

[0035] Unless otherwise specified, the term "polymerizable compound" in this specification shall be understood to mean a polymerizable monomer compound.

[0036] The SA-VA display according to the present invention is a polymer-stabilized mode that includes or is manufactured using an LC medium containing RM, such as those listed below. Consequently, as used herein, the term "SA-VA display" when referring to the display according to the present invention shall be understood to refer to a polymer-stabilized SA-VA display, even if not explicitly mentioned.

[0037] As used herein, the term "low molecular weight compound" is understood to mean a monomer and / or a compound not prepared by polymerization, as opposed to "polymer compound" or "polymer."

[0038] As used herein, the term "non-polymerizable compound" is understood to mean a compound that does not contain functional groups suitable for polymerization under the conditions normally applied for the polymerization of RM.

[0039] As used herein, the term “mesogenic group” refers to a group known to those skilled in the art and documented in the literature, which, due to the anisotropy of its attractive and repulsive interactions, essentially contributes to the formation of a liquid-crystalline (LC) phase in low-molecular-weight or high-molecular-weight materials. Compounds containing mesogenic groups (mesogenic compounds) do not necessarily have an LC phase themselves. It is also possible for mesogenic compounds to exhibit LC phase behavior only after mixing with other compounds and / or polymerization. Typical mesogenic groups are, for example, rigid rod-shaped or disc-shaped units. An overview of the terms and definitions used with respect to mesogenic or LC compounds is given in Pure Appl. Chem. 2001, Vol. 73 (No. 5), p. 888 and C. Tschierske, G. Pelzl, S. Diele, Angew. Chem. 2004, Vol. 116, pp. 6340–6368.

[0040] As used herein, the term “spacer group” is also hereafter referred to as “Sp,” and is known to those skilled in the art and described in the literature, see, for example, Pure Appl. Chem. 2001, Vol. 73 (No. 5), p. 888 and C. Tschierske, G. Pelzl, S. Diele, Angew. Chem. 2004, Vol. 116, pp. 6340–6368. As used herein, the term “spacer group” or “spacer” means a flexible group, such as an alkylene group, that links a mesogenic group and one or more polymerizable groups in a polymerizable mesogenic compound.

[0041] Above and below, [ka] This represents a trans-1,4-cyclohexylene ring, [ka] This represents a 1,4-phenylene ring.

[0042] base [ka] In this example, the single bond between the two ring atoms can be linked to any unbonded position on the benzene ring.

[0043] In the equations shown above and below, R 1A,2A , R 1 , R 2 , R 11,12,13 , R 21,22 , R 31,32 , R 41,42 , R 51,52 , R 61,62 , R 71,72 , R 81,82,83 , R Q , R 0 , R, R M , R S , R S1,S2,S3,S4 When terminal groups such as L represent alkyl and / or alkoxy groups, it may be linear or branched. It is preferably linear and has 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 or 7 C atoms, and therefore preferably represents ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, hexyl, heptyl, ethoxy, propoxy, butoxy, pentoxy, hexyloxy or heptyloxy, and furthermore, methyl, octyl, nonyl, decyl, undecyl, dodecyl, tridecyl, tetradecyl, pentadecyl, methoxy, octyloxy, nonyloxy, decyloxy, undecyloxy, dodecyloxy, tridecyloxy or tetradecyloxy.

[0044] If one of the terminal groups described above represents an alkyl group in which one or more CH2 groups are replaced by S, it may be linear or branched. It is preferably linear and has 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 or 7 C atoms, and therefore preferably represents thiomethyl, thioethyl, thiopropyl, thiobutyl, thiopentyl, thiohexyl or thioheptyl.

[0045] Oxaalkyl preferably represents linear 2-oxapropyl (=methoxymethyl), 2-(=ethoxymethyl) or 3-oxabutyl (=2-methoxyethyl), 2-, 3- or 4-oxapentyl, 2-, 3-, 4- or 5-oxahexyl, 2-, 3-, 4-, 5- or 6-oxaheptyl, 2-, 3-, 4-, 5-, 6- or 7-oxaoctyl, 2-, 3-, 4-, 5-, 6-, 7- or 8-oxanonyl, or 2-, 3-, 4-, 5-, 6-, 7-, 8- or 9-oxadecyl.

[0046] If one of the aforementioned terminal groups represents an alkoxy or oxaalkyl group, it may also include one or more additional oxygen atoms, provided that the oxygen atoms are not directly linked to each other.

[0047] If one of the terminal groups described above represents an alkyl group in which one or more CH2 groups are replaced with -CH=CH-, it may be linear or branched. It is preferably linear and has 2 to 10 carbon atoms. Therefore, it represents vinyl, prop-1- or -2-enyl, but-1-, -2- or -3-enyl, penta-1-, -2-, -3- or -4-enyl, hexa-1-, -2-, -3-, -4- or -5-enyl, hepta-1-, -2-, -3-, -4-, -5- or -6-enyl, octa-1-, -2-, -3-, -4-, -5-, -6- or -7-enyl, nona-1-, -2-, -3-, -4-, -5-, -6-, -7- or -8-enyl, deca-1-, -2-, -3-, -4-, -5-, -6-, -7-, -8- or -9-enyl.

[0048] When one of the aforementioned terminal groups represents an alkyl or alkenyl group that is at least one-substituted with a halogen, this group is preferably linear, and the halogen is preferably F or Cl. In the case of polysubstituted groups, the halogen is preferably F. The resulting groups also include perfluoro groups. In the case of monosubstituted groups, the fluorine or chlorine substituent may be at any desired position, but is preferably at the ω position.

[0049] Another preferred configuration 1A,2A , R 1 , R 2 , R 11,12,13 , R 31,32 , R 41,42 , R 51,52 , R 61,62 , R 71,72 , R 81,82,83 , R Q , R 0 , R, R M , R S , R S1,S2,S3,S4 One or more of the above-mentioned terminal groups or L are, [ka] -S 1 -F, -OS 1 -F, -O-S1-O-S2 (S in the formula 1 is C 1~12 - Alkylene or C 2~12 -It is an alkenylene, S 2 H, C 1~12 -alkyl or C 2~12 - is an alkenyl.) Selected from the group consisting of, very preferably, [ka] Selected from the group consisting of -OCH2OCH3, -O(CH2)3OCH3, -O(CH2)4OCH3, -O(CH2)2F, -O(CH2)3F, and -O(CH2)4F.

[0050] The halogen is preferably F or Cl, and very preferably F.

[0051] Group-CR 0 =CR 00 - is preferably -CH=CH-.

[0052] -CO-, -C(=O)-, and -C(O)- are carbonyl groups, i.e., [ka] It represents.

[0053] Preferred substituents L are, for example, F, Cl, Br, I, -CN, -NO2, -NCO, -NCS, -OCN, -SCN, -C(=O)N(R) x )2, -C(=O)Y 1 -C(=O)R x , -N(R x )2, linear or branched alkyl, alkoxy, alkylcarbonyl, alkoxycarbonyl, alkylcarbonyloxy or alkoxycarbonyloxy having 1 to 25 C atoms each (wherein one or more H atoms may be replaced with F or Cl), silyl having 1 to 20 Si atoms which may be substituted, or aryl having 6 to 25, preferably 6 to 15 C atoms which may be substituted.

[0054] In the formula, R x represents an alkyl chain having 1 to 25 carbon atoms, wherein one or more non-adjacent CH2 groups may be replaced with -O-, -S-, -CO-, -CO-O-, -O-CO-, -O-CO-O-, such that the O- and / S- atoms are not directly linked to each other, wherein one or more H atoms may be replaced with F, Cl, P- or P-Sp-, and

[0055] Y 1 This represents halogen.

[0056] Particularly preferred substituents L include, for example, F, Cl, CN, NO2, CH3, C2H5, OCH3, OC2H5, COCH3, COC2H5, COOCH3, COOC2H5, CF3, OCF3, OCHF2, OC2F5, and phenyl.

[0057] [ka] In the formula, L has one of the meanings shown above.

[0058] In compounds of formula IA and its subformulas, R 2APreferably, it represents an alkoxy having 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6 C atoms, and very preferably an ethoxy.

[0059] In the compound of formula IA, L 1A and L 2A represents F or Cl, and very preferably F.

[0060] In the compound of formula IA, Y preferably represents H or CH3, and very preferably H.

[0061] In the compound of formula IA, R 1A Preferably, it is selected from the following group. [ka]

[0062] Preferred compounds of formula IA are selected from the group consisting of the following sub-formulas.

[0063] [ka]

[0064] [ka]

[0065] [ka]

[0066] In the formula, (O) represents an oxygen atom or a single bond, "alkyl" is an alkyl group having 1 to 6 C atoms, and (O)alkyl preferably represents ethoxy.

[0067] Compounds of formulas IA2, IA5, IA6, IA7, IA9, IA12, IA13, and IA14 are very preferred, and compounds of formulas IA5 and IA12 are most preferred.

[0068] Preferably, the total proportion of the compound of formula IA or its sub-formula in the LC medium is 1 to 25% by weight, very preferably 2 to 20% by weight, and most preferably 2 to 15% by weight.

[0069] Further preferred embodiments of the LC medium according to the present invention, including any combination thereof, are listed below.

[0070] Preferably, the LC medium further comprises one or more compounds of formula II.

[0071] [ka]

[0072] In the formula, each base, independently of the others, has the following meanings, whether identical or different in each instance: R 21 and R 22 This refers to linear, branched, or cyclic alkyl or alkoxy groups having H and 1 to 20 C atoms (where one or more non-adjacent CH2 groups have O and / or S atoms that are not directly linked to each other, such as -O-, -S-, -CO-, -CO-O-, -O-CO-, -O-CO-O-, CR). 0 =CR 00 -, -C≡C-, [ka] It may be replaced by, however, one or more H atoms may be replaced by F, Cl, CN or CF3 respectively. ), preferably an alkyl or alkoxy having 1 to 6 C atoms. R 0 , R 00 It is an alkyl having H or 1 to 12 C atoms, A 1 and A 2 The following formula [ka] Preferably, the group is selected from formulas A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6, A9 and A10, and very preferably from formulas A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A9 and A10. Z 1 and Z 2 These are -CH2CH2-, -CH=CH-, -CF2O-, -OCF2-, -CH2O-, -OCH2-, -CO-O-, -O-CO-, -C2F4-, -CF=CF-, -CH=CH-CH2O- or single bonds, preferably single bonds. L 1 , L 2 , L 3 and L 4 is F, Cl, OCF3, CF3, CH3, CH2F or CHF2, preferably F or Cl, very preferably F. Y is H, F, Cl, CF3, CHF2, or CH3, preferably H or CH3, very preferably H. L C is CH3 or OCH3, preferably CH3. a1 is either 1 or 2. a2 is either 0 or 1.

[0073] Preferably, the LC medium contains one or more compounds of formula II selected from the group consisting of compounds of formulas IIA, IIB, IIC, and IID.

[0074] [ka]

[0075] In the formula, each base, whether identical or different in its respective appearance, has the following meanings independently of each other: R 21 and R 22is an alkyl or alkenyl group having up to 15 C atoms, which group is unsubstituted or mono-substituted by F, Cl, CN or CF3, provided that in addition, one or more CH2 groups in these groups are such that O and / or S atoms are not directly linked to each other, -O-, -S-, -C≡C-, -CF2O-, -OCF2-, -CO-O- or -O-CO-,

Chem.

[0076] Preferred compounds of formulae IIA, IIB, IIC and IID are those in which R 22 represents an alkyl or alkoxy group having up to 15 C atoms, very preferably (O)C v H 2v+1 represents, where (O) is an oxygen atom or a single bond, and v is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6.

[0077] Even more preferred compounds of formulae IIA, IIB, IIC and IID are those in which R 21 or R 22 is preferably

Chem.

Chemical formula

[0078] More preferred compounds of Formulas IIA, IIB, IIC and IID are shown below.

[0079] In a preferred embodiment, the LC medium contains one or more compounds of Formula IIA selected from the group consisting of the following formulas.

[0080]

Chemical formula

[0081]

Chemical formula

[0082]

Chemical formula

[0083]

Chemical formula

[0084]

Chemical formula

[0085]

Chemical formula

[0086] [Chem.]

[0087] [Chem.]

[0088] [Chem.]

[0089] [Chem.]

[0090] [Chem.]

[0091] [Chem.]

[0092] wherein the exponent represents 1 or 2, and alkyl and alkyl * each independently represents a linear alkyl group having 1 to 6 C atoms, a linear alkenyl group having 2 to 6 C atoms, and (O) represents an oxygen atom or a single bond, and the alkenyl preferably represents CH2=CH-, CH2=CHCH2CH2-, CH3-CH=CH-, CH3-CH2-CH=CH-, CH3-(CH2)2-CH=CH-, CH3-(CH2)3-CH=CH- or CH3-CH=CH-(CH2)2-.

[0093] A particularly preferred LC medium according to the present invention comprises one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of formulas IIA-2, IIA-8, IIA-10, IIA-16, II-18, IIA-40, IIA-41, IIA-42, and IIA-43.

[0094] In other preferred embodiments, the LC medium comprises one or more compounds of formula IIB selected from the group consisting of formulas IIB-1 to IIB-26.

[0095] [ka]

[0096] [ka]

[0097] [ka]

[0098] [ka]

[0099] In the formula, alkyl and alkyl * Each of these is a linear alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms independently of each other, a linear alkenyl group having 2 to 6 carbon atoms, and (O) represents an oxygen atom or a single bond, and the alkenyl preferably represents CH2=CH-, CH2=CHCH2CH2-, CH3-CH=CH-, CH3-CH2-CH=CH-, CH3-(CH2)2-CH=CH-, CH3-(CH2)3-CH=CH- or CH3-CH=CH-(CH2)2-.

[0100] A particularly preferred LC medium according to the present invention comprises one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of formulas IIB-2, IIB-10, and IIB-16.

[0101] In other preferred embodiments, the LC medium comprises one or more compounds of formula IIC selected from formula IIC-1.

[0102] [ka]

[0103] In the formula, alkyl and alkyl * Each of these represents a linear alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms independently of each other, preferably in an amount of 0.5% to 5% by weight, and particularly 1% to 3% by weight.

[0104] In another preferred embodiment, the LC medium comprises one or more compounds of formula IID selected from the group consisting of the following formulas.

[0105] [ka]

[0106] [ka]

[0107] [ka]

[0108] In the formula, alkyl and alkyl * Each of these is a linear alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms independently of each other, a linear alkenyl group having 2 to 6 carbon atoms, and (O) represents an oxygen atom or a single bond, Y represents H or CH3, and the alkenyl preferably represents CH2=CH-, CH2=CHCH2CH2-, CH3-CH=CH-, CH3-CH2-CH=CH-, CH3-(CH2)2-CH=CH-, CH3-(CH2)3-CH=CH- or CH3-CH=CH-(CH2)2-.

[0109] A particularly preferred LC medium according to the present invention comprises one or more compounds of formula IID-1 and / or IID-4.

[0110] The most preferred compounds of formula IID are those selected from the following sub-formulas.

[0111] [ka]

[0112] [ka]

[0113] [ka]

[0114] [ka]

[0115] [ka]

[0116] [ka]

[0117] In the formula, v is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6.

[0118] In a preferred embodiment, the LC medium comprises one or more compounds of formula IID-10a.

[0119] [ka]

[0120] In the formula, R 21Y and q have meanings given in formula IID, and R 23 teeth [ka] In the equation, r is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6, and s is 1, 2, or 3.

[0121] The preferred compound of formula IID-10a is selected from the following sub-formulas.

[0122] [ka]

[0123] [ka]

[0124] [ka]

[0125] [ka]

[0126] [ka]

[0127] A particularly preferred LC medium according to the present invention comprises one or more compounds selected from formulas IIA-2, IIA-8, IIA-10, IIA-16, II-18, IIA-40, IIA-41, IIA-42, IIA-43, IIB-2, IIB-10, IIB-16, IIC-1, and IID-4 and IID-10 or their sub-formulas.

[0128] The proportion of the compound of formula IIA and / or IIB in the whole mixture is preferably at least 20% by weight.

[0129] Preferably, the LC medium contains one or more compounds of formula IIA-2 selected from the following sub-formulas.

[0130] [ka]

[0131] Alternatively, preferably, in addition to the compounds of formulas IIA-2-1 to IIA-2-5, the LC medium contains one or more compounds of the following formulas.

[0132] [ka]

[0133] More preferably, the LC medium contains one or more compounds of formula IIA-10 selected from the following sub-formulas.

[0134] [ka]

[0135] Alternatively, preferably, in addition to the compounds of formulas IIA-10-1 to IIA-10-5, the LC medium contains one or more compounds of the following formulas.

[0136] [ka]

[0137] Preferably, the LC medium contains one or more compounds of formula IIB-10 selected from the following sub-formulas.

[0138] [ka]

[0139] Alternatively, preferably, in addition to the compounds of formulas IIB-10-1 to IIB-10-5, the LC medium contains one or more compounds of the following formulas.

[0140] [ka]

[0141] In another preferred embodiment, the LC medium comprises one or more compounds of formula III.

[0142] [ka]

[0143] During the ceremony R 31 and R 32 Each of these groups is an alkyl, alkoxy, or alkenyl group having H and up to 15 C atoms independently of each other, and the group is unsubstituted, monosubstituted with F, Cl, CN, or CF3, or at least monosubstituted with a halogen, provided that one or more CH2 groups in these groups are -O-, -S-, etc., such that the O atoms are not directly bonded to each other. [ka] -C≡C-, -CF2O-, -OCF2-, -CO-O-, or -O-CO- can be substituted, Y 1 , Y 2 is H, F, Cl, CF3, CHF2, CH3 or OCH3, preferably H, CH3 or OCH3, very preferably H. A 3 Each of them appeared independently of the others. a) A 1,4-cyclohexenylene or 1,4-cyclohexylene group, wherein one or two non-adjacent CH2 groups in the group may be replaced by -O- or -S-, b) A 1,4-phenylene group, in which one or two CH groups may be replaced by N, or c) Bases from the group of spiro[3.3]heptane-2,6-diyl, 1,4-bicyclo[2.2.2]octylene, naphthalene-2,6-diyl, decahydronaphthalene-2,6-diyl, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene-2,6-diyl, phenanthrene-2,7-diyl and fluorene-2,7-diyl This represents, However, groups a), b), and c) may be monosubstituted or polysubstituted with halogen atoms. n represents 0, 1, or 2, preferably 0 or 1. Z 1 Each of these independently represents -CO-O-, -O-CO-, -CF2O-, -OCF2-, -CH2O-, -OCH2-, -CH2-, -CH2CH2-, -(CH2)4-, -CH=CH-CH2O-, -C2F4-, -CH2CF2-, -CF2CH2-, -CF=CF-, -CH=CF-, -CF=CH-, -CH=CH-, -C≡C- or a single bond, and L 11 and L 12 Each of these independently represents F, Cl, CF3 or CHF2, preferably H or F, most preferably F, and W represents either O or S.

[0144] In the compound of formula III, R 31 and R 32 The group is preferably selected from a linear alkyl or alkoxy having 1 to 12, preferably 1 to 7, carbon atoms, a linear alkenyl group having 2 to 12, preferably 2 to 7 carbon atoms, and a cyclic alkyl or alkoxy having 3 to 12, preferably 3 to 8 carbon atoms.

[0145] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the LC medium comprises one or more compounds of formula III selected from sub-formulas III-1 and III-2.

[0146] [ka]

[0147] In the formula, the appearing bases have the same meaning as those given in formula III above, preferably R 31 and R 32 Each of these is an alkyl, alkenyl, or alkoxy group having up to 15 C atoms independently of each other, and more preferably one or both of them represent an alkoxy group. L 11 and L 12 These preferably represent F.

[0148] In another preferred embodiment, the LC medium comprises one or more compounds of formula III-1 selected from the group of compounds of subformula III-1-1 to III-1-10, preferably formula III-1-6.

[0149] [ka]

[0150] [ka]

[0151] During the ceremony, Alkyl and alkyl * Each of these represents a linear alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms independently of each other, and alkenyl and alkenyl * Each of these represents a linear alkenyl group having 2 to 6 carbon atoms independently of each other, and alkoxy and alkoxy * Each represents a linear alkoxyl group having 1 to 6 C atoms independently of each other, and L 11 and L 12 Each of these independently represents either F or Cl, preferably both representing F.

[0152] In another preferred embodiment, the LC medium comprises one or more compounds of formula III-2 selected from the group of compounds of subformula III-2-1 to III-2-10, preferably formula III-2-1.

[0153] [ka]

[0154] [ka]

[0155] During the ceremony, Alkyl and alkyl * Each of these represents a linear alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms independently of each other, and alkenyl and alkenyl * Each of these represents a linear alkenyl group having 2 to 6 carbon atoms independently of each other, and alkoxy and alkoxy * Each represents a linear alkoxyl group having 1 to 6 C atoms independently of each other, and L 11 and L 12 Each of these independently represents either F or Cl, preferably both representing F.

[0156] A highly preferred compound of formula III-2 is selected from the group consisting of the following sub-formulas.

[0157] [ka]

[0158] In the formula, alkoxy represents a linear alkoxy group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, preferably ethoxy, propoxy, butoxy, or pentoxy, and very preferably ethoxy or propoxy.

[0159] Compounds of formulas III-2-1-3, III-2-1-4, and III-2-1-5 are highly preferred.

[0160] In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the LC medium comprises one or more compounds of formula III selected from formulas III-3-1 and III-3-2.

[0161] [ka]

[0162] In the formula, L 11 and L 12 (O) has the same meaning as given in equation III, where (O) represents O or a single bond. R 33 This refers to an alkyl or alkenyl group having up to 7 C atoms or a Cy-C group. m H 2m+1 - represents, m and n are the same or different, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6, preferably 1, 2 or 3, very preferably 1, and Cy represents an alicyclic group having 3, 4, or 5 ring atoms, which may be substituted with an alkyl or alkenyl group or halogen or CN, each having up to 3 C atoms, preferably representing cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, or cyclopentyl.

[0163] The compounds of formula III-3-1 and / or III-3-2 are included in the medium either as an alternative or additional to the compounds of formula III-1 and / or III-2, preferably in addition.

[0164] The following are highly preferred compounds of formula III-3-1.

[0165] [ka]

[0166] In the formula, alkoxy represents a linear alkoxy group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms.

[0167] The following are highly preferred compounds of formula III-3-2.

[0168] [ka]

[0169] In the formula, alkoxy represents a linear alkoxy group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, preferably ethoxy, propoxy, butoxy, or pentoxy, and very preferably ethoxy or propoxy.

[0170] In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the LC medium comprises one or more compounds of formulas III-4 to III-6, preferably III-5.

[0171] [ka]

[0172] In the formula, the parameter has the meaning given above, R 11 R preferably represents a linear alkyl group, 12 Preferably, represents an alkoxy, each having 1 to 7 C atoms.

[0173] In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the LC medium comprises one or more compounds of formula III selected from the group of compounds of sub-formula III-7 to III-9, preferably sub-formula III-8.

[0174] [ka]

[0175] In the formula, the parameter has the meaning given above, R 11 R preferably represents a linear alkyl group, 12 Preferably, represents an alkoxy, each having 1 to 7 C atoms.

[0176] In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the LC medium comprises one or more compounds of formula III selected from formulas III-10.

[0177] [ka]

[0178] In the formula, R 31 and R 32 It has the meaning given above.

[0179] A highly preferred compound of formula III-10 is selected from the group consisting of the following formulas.

[0180] [ka]

[0181] [ka]

[0182] In the formula, R 32 is an alkyl group having 1 to 7 C atoms, preferably ethyl, n-propyl, or n-butyl, or alternatively cyclopropylmethyl, cyclobutylmethyl, or cyclopentylmethyl, or alternatively -(CH2) n F (wherein n is 2, 3, 4, or 5), preferably representing C2H4F.

[0183] In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the LC medium comprises one or more compounds of formula III selected from formulas III-11.

[0184] [ka]

[0185] In the formula, R 31 and R 32 It has the meaning given above.

[0186] A highly preferred compound of formula III-11 is selected from the group consisting of the following formulas.

[0187] [ka]

[0188] [ka]

[0189] In the formula, R 32 is an alkyl group having 1 to 7 C atoms, preferably ethyl, n-propyl, or n-butyl, or alternatively cyclopropylmethyl, cyclobutylmethyl, or cyclopentylmethyl, or alternatively -(CH2) n F (wherein n is 2, 3, 4, or 5), preferably representing C2H4F.

[0190] In preferred embodiments, the LC medium comprises one or more compounds of formula IV.

[0191] [ka]

[0192] During the ceremony, R 41 This refers to an unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 7 C atoms (however, in addition, one or more CH2 groups, [ka] It may be replaced by ) or an unsubstituted alkenyl group having 2 to 7 C atoms, preferably an n-alkyl group, and particularly preferably having 2, 3, 4 or 5 C atoms, and R 42 This represents an unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms or an unsubstituted alkoxy group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms (both preferably having 2 to 5 carbon atoms), an unsubstituted alkenyl group having 2 to 7 carbon atoms, preferably having 2, 3, or 4 carbon atoms, more preferably a vinyl group or a 1-propenyl group, particularly a vinyl group.

[0193] The compound of formula IV is preferably selected from the group of compounds of formula IV-1 to IV-4.

[0194] [ka]

[0195] During the ceremony, Alkyl and alkyl' independently represent alkyl groups having 1 to 7 carbon atoms, preferably 2 to 5 carbon atoms. Alkenyl represents an alkenyl group having 2 to 5 carbon atoms, preferably 2 to 4 carbon atoms, and particularly preferably 2 carbon atoms. 'alkenyl' represents an alkenyl group having 2 to 5 carbon atoms, preferably 2 to 4 carbon atoms, and particularly preferably 2 to 3 carbon atoms. The term "alkoxy" represents an alkoxy having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, preferably 2 to 4 carbon atoms.

[0196] Preferably, the LC medium contains one or more compounds selected from the compounds of formulas IV-1-1 to IV-1-6.

[0197] [ka]

[0198] More preferably, the LC medium according to the present invention comprises one or more compounds of formula IV-2-1 and / or IV-2-2.

[0199] [ka]

[0200] More preferably, the LC medium according to the present invention comprises a compound of formula IV-3 selected from the following subformulas.

[0201] [ka]

[0202] In another embodiment, the LC medium according to the present invention comprises one or more compounds of formula IV-3 selected from the following subformulas.

[0203] [ka]

[0204] [ka]

[0205] [ka]

[0206] In the formula, alkyl represents methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, or n-pentyl.

[0207] More preferably, the LC medium according to the present invention comprises a compound of formula IV-4, selected from the following subformulas.

[0208] [ka]

[0209] In another embodiment, the LC medium is one or more compounds of formula IV-4 and its subformulas (in which the group contains either or both of "alkenyl" and "alkenyl'") [ka] The formula represents a compound in which m is 0, 1, or 2, and n is 0, 1, or 2. The compound is very preferably selected from compounds of formulas IV-4-3 to IV-4-6.

[0210] More preferably, the LC medium according to the present invention comprises one or more compounds of formula IV-1 or its subformula and / or one or more compounds of formula IV-3 or its subformula and / or one or more compounds of formula IV-4 or its subformula, wherein the concentration of these compounds of formula IV-1 is in the range of 1% to 30%.

[0211] The LC medium according to the present invention preferably further comprises one or more compounds of formula IVa.

[0212] [ka]

[0213] During the ceremony, R 41 and R 42 Each of these represents a linear alkyl, alkoxy, alkenyl, alkoxyalkyl, or alkenyloxy group, each independently having up to 12 carbon atoms. [ka] Z 4 -CH2CH2-, -CH=CH-, -CF2O-, -OCF2-, -CH2O-, -OCH2-, -COO-, -OCO-, -C2F4-, -C4H8-, or -CF=CF-.

[0214] Preferred compounds of formula IVa are shown below.

[0215] [ka]

[0216] During the ceremony, Alkyl and alkyl * Each of these represents a linear alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms independently of each other.

[0217] The LC medium according to the present invention preferably comprises at least one compound of formula IVa-1 and / or formula IVa-2.

[0218] The proportion of the compound of formula IVa in the whole mixture is preferably at least 5% by weight.

[0219] Preferably, the LC medium contains one or more compounds of formulas IVb-1 to IVb-3.

[0220] [ka]

[0221] During the ceremony, Alkyl and alkyl * Each represents a linear alkyl group having 1 to 6 C atoms independently of each other, and alkenyl and alkenyl * Each of these represents a linear alkenyl group having 2 to 6 carbon atoms independently of each other.

[0222] The proportion of compounds of formulas IV-1 to IV-3 in the whole mixture is preferably at least 3% by weight, and more preferably 5% by weight or more.

[0223] Of the compounds of formulas IVb-1 to IVb-3, the compound of formula IVb-2 is particularly preferred.

[0224] Particularly preferred compounds of formulas IV-1 to IV-3 are selected from the group consisting of the following formulas.

[0225] [ka]

[0226] In the formula, alkyl * represents an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, preferably representing n-propyl.

[0227] The LC medium according to the present invention is particularly preferably composed of one or more compounds of formula IVb-1-1 and / or IVb-2-3.

[0228] In another preferred embodiment, the LC medium according to the present invention comprises one or more compounds of formula V.

[0229] [ka]

[0230] During the ceremony, R 51 and R 52 These independently represent an alkyl, alkoxy, or alkenyl group having H and up to 15 C atoms, the group being unsubstituted, monosubstituted with F, Cl, CN, or CF3, or at least monosubstituted with a halogen, provided that one or more CH2 groups in these groups are configured such that the O atoms are not directly linked to each other, such as -O-, -S-, -C≡C-, -CF2O-, -OCF2-, -CO-O-, -O-CO-, [ka] It may be replaced with an alkyl having 1 to 7 carbon atoms, preferably an n-alkyl, particularly preferably an n-alkyl having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, an alkoxy having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, preferably an n-alkoxy, particularly preferably an n-alkoxy having 2 to 5 carbon atoms, an alkoxyalkyl having 2 to 7 carbon atoms, preferably 2 to 4 carbon atoms, an alkenyl or alkenyloxy, preferably an alkenyloxy. [ka] During the ceremony, [ka] Z 51 , Z 52Each of these independently represents -CH2-CH2-, -CH2-O-, -CH=CH-, -C≡C-, -COO- or a single bond, preferably -CH2-CH2-, -CH2-O- or a single bond, particularly preferably a single bond, and n is either 1 or 2.

[0231] The compound of formula V is preferably selected from the compounds of formulas V-1 to V-17.

[0232] [ka]

[0233] [ka]

[0234] In the formula, R 1 and R 2 R is above 51 and R 52 It has the meaning shown.

[0235] R 1 and R 2 Each of these independently represents a linear alkyl or alkenyl molecule.

[0236] A preferred medium comprises one or more compounds of formulas V-1, V-3, V-4, V-6, V-7, V-10, V-11, V-12, V-14, V-15 and / or V-16.

[0237] The LC medium according to the present invention is very preferably one that contains a compound of formula V-10 and / or IV-1, particularly in an amount of 5 to 30%.

[0238] Preferred compounds for formula V-10 are shown below.

[0239] [ka]

[0240] The LC medium according to the present invention particularly preferably contains a tricyclic compound of formula V-10a and / or formula V-10b in combination with one or more bicyclohexyl compounds of formula IV-1. The total proportion of the compounds of formula V-10a and / or V-10b in combination with one or more compounds selected from the bicyclohexyl compounds of formula IV-1 is 5 to 40%, and very particularly preferably 15 to 35%.

[0241] Particularly preferred LC media include compounds V-10a and IV-1-1.

[0242] [ka]

[0243] Compounds V-10a and IV-1-1 are preferably present in the mixture at a concentration of 5-35%, very preferably 10-25%, relative to the whole mixture.

[0244] A preferred LC medium comprises at least one compound selected from the group of compounds below.

[0245] [ka]

[0246] In the formula, R 1 , R 2 , R 41 and R 42 The above has the meaning. Preferably, in compounds V-6, V-7 and IV, R 1 and R 41 Each represents an alkyl or alkenyl having 1 to 6 or 2 to 6 C atoms, and R 2 and R 42 R represents an alkyl group having 2 to 6 carbon atoms. Preferably, in compound V-14, R 1 R represents an alkyl or alkenyl having 1 to 6 or 2 to 6 C atoms, 2 This represents an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms.

[0247] In another preferred embodiment, the LC medium according to the present invention preferably comprises one or more compounds of formula V-7 selected from the compounds of formula V-7a to V-7e.

[0248] [ka]

[0249] In the formula, alkyl represents an alkyl group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms, alkenyl represents an alkenyl group having 2 to 7 carbon atoms, and cycloalkyl represents a cyclic alkyl group having 3 to 12 carbon atoms, preferably cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclopropylalkyl, cyclobutylalkyl, or cyclopentylalkyl.

[0250] The most preferred compounds of formulas V-7a to V-7e are selected from the compounds of the following sub-formulas.

[0251] [ka]

[0252] [ka]

[0253] [ka]

[0254] [ka]

[0255] In the formula, alkyl represents ethyl, n-propyl, n-butyl, or n-pentyl, preferably n-propyl.

[0256] R 51 and R52 Compounds of formula V, where each element independently has 1 to 7 carbon atoms, represent a linear alkyl group or an alkenyl group with 2 to 7 carbon atoms.

[0257] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the LC medium further comprises one or more compounds of formulas VI-1 to VI-25.

[0258] [ka]

[0259] [ka]

[0260] [ka]

[0261] During the ceremony, R represents a linear alkyl or alkoxy group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, (O) represents oxygen or a single bond, X represents F, Cl, OCF3 or OCHF2, and L x represents H or F, m is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6, and n is 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4.

[0262] R preferably represents methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, hexyl, methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, butoxy, or pentoxy.

[0263] X preferably represents F or OCH3, and very preferably F.

[0264] The LC medium according to the present invention preferably contains 2 to 30% by weight, particularly 5 to 20% by weight, of terphenyls of formulas VI-1 to VI-25.

[0265] Compounds of formulas VI-1, VI-2, VI-4, VI-20, VI-21, and VI-22, where X is F, are particularly preferred. In these compounds, R preferably represents an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, and more preferably an alkoxy group. In the compound of formula VI-20, R preferably represents an alkyl or alkenyl group, particularly an alkyl group. In the compound of formula VI-21, R preferably represents an alkyl group. In the compounds of formulas VI-22 to VI-25, X preferably represents F.

[0266] When the Δn value of the mixture is 0.1 or greater, terphenyl compounds of formulas VI-1 to VI-25 are preferably used in the LC medium according to the present invention. The preferred LC medium contains 2 to 20% by weight of one or more terphenyl compounds selected from the group of compounds of formulas VI-1 to VI-25.

[0267] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the LC medium further comprises one or more compounds of formulas VII-1 to VII-9.

[0268] [ka]

[0269] During the ceremony, R 1 These are R, which is independent of each other in equation IIA. 21 It has one of the meanings shown, w and x each represent 1 through 6 independently of each other.

[0270] An LC medium containing at least one compound of formula VII-9 is particularly preferred.

[0271] For example, an LC medium containing one or more substances that include tetrahydronaphthyl or naphthyl units, such as compounds of formula N-1 to N-5.

[0272] [ka]

[0273] R in the formula 61 and R 62 Each of them is R independently of the others. 21 It has the meaning shown, and preferably represents a linear alkyl, linear alkoxy, or linear alkenyl. Z 61 and Z 62 These each independently represent -C2H4-, -CH=CH-, -(CH2)4-, -(CH2)3O-, -O(CH2)3-, -CH=CHCH2CH2-, -CH2CH2CH=CH-, -CH2O-, -OCH2-, -COO-, -OCO-, -C2F4-, -CF=CF-, -CF=CH-, -CH=CF-, -CF2O-, -OCF2-, -CH2-, or a single bond.

[0274] c) An LC medium comprising one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of difluorodibenzochromane compounds of formula BC, chromanes of formula CR, and fluorinated phenanthrenes of formulas PH-1 and PH-2.

[0275] [ka]

[0276] During the ceremony, R 71 and R 72 Each of them is R independently of the others. 21 It has the meaning of and c is 0, 1, or 2. 71 and R 2 Preferably, each element represents an alkyl or alkoxy having 1 to 6 C atoms independently of each other.

[0277] The LC medium according to the present invention preferably contains a compound of formula BC, CR, PH-1, or PH-2 in an amount of 3 to 20% by weight, and more particularly in an amount of 3 to 15% by weight.

[0278] Particularly preferred compounds of formulas BC and CR are compounds BC-1 to BC-7 and CR-1 to CR-5.

[0279] [ka]

[0280] [ka]

[0281] During the ceremony, Alkyl and alkyl * Each of these represents a linear alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms independently of each other. alkenyl and alkenyl * Each of these represents a linear alkenyl group having 2 to 6 carbon atoms independently of each other.

[0282] An LC medium containing one, two, or three compounds of formula BC-2, BF-1, and / or BF-2 is very preferably preferred.

[0283] d) An LC medium containing one or more indane compounds of formula In.

[0284] [ka]

[0285] During the ceremony, R 81 , R 82 , R 83 Each of these represents a linear alkyl, alkoxy, alkoxyalkyl, or alkenyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms independently of each other. Also R 82 and R 83 can also represent halogen, preferably F. [ka] This represents, i represents 0, 1, or 2.

[0286] Preferred compounds of formula In are the compounds of formula In-1 to In-16 shown below.

[0287] [ka]

[0288] [ka]

[0289] [ka]

[0290] Compounds of formulas In-1, In-2, In-3, and In-4 are particularly preferred.

[0291] Compounds of formula In and sub-formulas In-1 to In-16 are preferably used in the LC medium according to the present invention at a concentration of 5% by weight or more, particularly 5 to 30% by weight, and very preferably 5 to 25% by weight.

[0292] e) An LC medium containing one or more compounds of formulas L-1 to L-8.

[0293] [ka]

[0294] During the ceremony, R L1 and R L2 Each of these independently of the other in equation IIA is R 21 The terms have the meanings shown, where alkyl represents an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and s represents 1 or 2.

[0295] The compounds of formulas L1 to L8 are preferably used at a concentration of 5 to 15% by weight, particularly 5 to 12% by weight, and very preferably 8 to 10% by weight.

[0296] f) A preferred LC medium is one or more compounds of formula IIA-Y in addition.

[0297] [ka]

[0298] R in the formula 11 and R 12 In equation IIA above, R 21 It has one of the meanings given to L 1 and L 2 These represent F or Cl, either identical or different.

[0299] The preferred compounds of formula IIA-Y are selected from the group consisting of the following sub-formulas.

[0300] [ka]

[0301] [ka]

[0302] Alkyl and Alkyl * Each of these independently represents a linear alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, Alkoxy represents a linear alkoxy group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and Alkenyl and Alkenyl * Each represents a linear alkenyl group having 2 to 6 C atoms independently of each other, and O represents an oxygen atom or a single bond. * Preferably, CH2=CH-, CH2=CHCH2CH2-, CH3-CH=CH-, CH3-CH2-CH=CH-, CH3-(CH2)2-CH=CH-, CH3-(CH2)3-CH=CH-, or CH3-CH=CH-(CH2)2-.

[0303] Particularly preferred compounds of formula IIA-Y are selected from the group consisting of the following sub-formulas.

[0304] [ka]

[0305] In the formula, Alkoxy and Alkoxy * The terms have the meanings defined above, and preferably represent methoxy, ethoxy, n-propyloxy, n-butyloxy, or n-pentyloxy.

[0306] g) An LC medium containing one or more quarter-phenyl compounds selected from the following formulas.

[0307] [ka]

[0308] During the ceremony, R Q This is an alkyl, alkoxy, oxaalkyl or alkoxyalkyl group having 1 to 9 carbon atoms, or an alkenyl or alkenyloxy group having 2 to 9 carbon atoms, wherein all of the group may be fluorinated. X Q This is an alkyl or alkoxy halogen having F, Cl, 1 to 6 C atoms, or an alkenyl or alkenyloxy halogen having 2 to 6 C atoms, L Q1 ~L Q6 Each is either H or F independently of the other, except L Q1 ~L Q6 At least one of them is F.

[0309] The preferred compound of formula Q is R Q The C atom is a linear alkyl group having 2 to 6 C atoms, and is very preferably ethyl, n-propyl, or n-butyl.

[0310] The preferred compound of formula Q is L Q3 and L Q4 This is the one where F is.

[0311] A more preferred compound of formula Q is L Q3 , LQ4 Furthermore, L Q1 and L Q2 One or two of them are F.

[0312] The preferred compound of formula Q is X Q This represents F or OCF3, very preferably F.

[0313] The compound of formula Q is preferably selected from the following sub-formulas.

[0314] [ka]

[0315] In the formula, R Q is having one of the meanings of formula Q or one of its preferred meanings given above and below, and is preferably ethyl, n-propyl, or n-butyl.

[0316] Especially R Q Compounds of formula Q1 in which n-propyl is particularly preferred.

[0317] Preferably, the proportion of the compound of formula Q in the LC medium is more than 0 and up to 5% by weight, very preferably 0.05 to 2% by weight, more preferably 0.1 to 1% by weight, and most preferably 0.1 to 0.8% by weight.

[0318] Preferably, the LC medium contains 1 to 5 types, preferably 1 or 2 types of compounds of formula Q.

[0319] Adding a quarter-phenyl compound of formula Q to an LC mixture of polymerizable LC media can reduce ODF unevenness while maintaining high UV absorption, enabling rapid and complete polymerization, allowing for strong and rapid tilt angle generation, and improving the UV stability of the LC media.

[0320] In addition, by adding a compound of formula Q having positive dielectric anisotropy to an LC medium having negative dielectric anisotropy, the dielectric constant ε ∥ and ε⊥ The value of can be controlled more effectively, and in particular, the dielectric constant ε can be controlled while keeping the dielectric anisotropy Δε constant. ∥ This makes it possible to achieve high values, thereby reducing kickback voltage and reducing image fixation.

[0321] The LC medium according to the present invention is preferably,

[0322] One or more compounds of formula IA or its sub-formulas, preferably formula IA5 or IA12, in a proportion of preferably 1 to 25% by weight, very preferably 2 to 20% by weight, and most preferably 2 to 15% by weight;

[0323] and / or One or more compounds of formula IIA and / or IIB, preferably in a total concentration of 30% to 65% by weight, more preferably 35% to 60% by weight, and particularly preferably 40% to 55% by weight;

[0324] and / or One or more compounds of formula IV, preferably in a total concentration of 35% to 60% by weight, more preferably 40% to 55% by weight, and particularly preferably 45% to 50% by weight;

[0325] and / or • One or more compounds of formula III, preferably formula III-2, and very preferably formula III-2-1, in a total concentration preferably in the range of 2% to 25% by weight, and very preferably 4% to 15% by weight. Includes.

[0326] LC media in particular

[0327] One or more compounds CY-n-Om, particularly CY-3-O4, CY-5-O4 and / or CY-3-O2, are added to the whole mixture at a total concentration of preferably 5% to 30%, preferably 10% to 20%;

[0328] One or more compounds PY-n-Om, particularly PY-1-O2, PY-2-O2 and / or PY-3-O2, in a total concentration of preferably 5% to 40%, preferably 10% to 30%, based on the whole mixture;

[0329] and / or • One or more compounds CPY-n-Om, particularly CPY-2-O2, CPY-3-O2 and / or CPY-5-O2, are added to the whole mixture, preferably at a concentration of more than 5%, and especially 7% to 20%,

[0330] and / or One or more compounds CCY-n-Om, particularly CCY-4-O2, CCY-3-O2, CCY-3-O3, CCY-3-O1 and / or CCY-5-O2, preferably in a concentration of more than 3%, particularly 5-15%, based on the whole mixture;

[0331] and / or • One or more compounds, CPY-n-Om and CY-n-Om, are added to the entire mixture, preferably at a concentration of 10-80%.

[0332] and / or • One or more compounds CPY-n-Om and PY-n-Om, preferably CPY-2-O2 and / or CPY-3-O2 and PY-3-O2 or PY-1-O2, are added to the whole mixture at a concentration of preferably 5-20%, more preferably 10-15%,

[0333] and / or One or more compounds selected from the group consisting of CCH-13, CCH-23, CCH-34, CCH-35, CCH-301, and CCH-303 (one or more) are added to the mixture at a total concentration of preferably 3-40%, preferably 3-25%, based on the entire mixture.

[0334] and / or • One or more compounds selected from the group consisting of CC-2-V1, CC-3-V1, CC-3-V2, CC-4-V1, CC-3-V, CC-4-V, and CC-5-V are added to the entire mixture at a total concentration of preferably 3-40%, more preferably 5-30%.

[0335] and / or One or more compounds selected from the group consisting of CCP-nm and / or CCP-Vn-m and / or CPP-nm, preferably CCP-3-1, CCP-V-1, CCP-V2-1 and CPP-3-2 (one or more types), are added to the entire mixture at a total concentration of preferably 4-35%, preferably 5-25%, based on the whole mixture.

[0336] and / or • One or more compounds selected from the group consisting of CLP-nm and / or CLP-Vn-m, preferably CLP-3-1, CLP-3-2, and CLP-V-1 (one or more types), are added to the entire mixture at a total concentration of preferably 1-25%, preferably 2-15%, based on the whole mixture.

[0337] and / or One or more compounds selected from the group consisting of PYP-nm, PGIY-n-Om, and PGP-n-2V are added to the mixture at a total concentration of preferably 2-20%, more preferably 2-15%, and most preferably 2-10%, based on the entire mixture.

[0338] and / or One or more compounds selected from the group consisting of PP-nm and / or PP-n-nVm, preferably PP-1-3, PP-1-4, PP-1-5, PP-1-2V, and PP-1-2V1 (one or more types), are added to the mixture at a total concentration of preferably 1-15%, preferably 2-10%, based on the entire mixture.

[0339] and / or • Add one or more compounds PPGU-3-F to the entire mixture, preferably at a concentration of 0.1% to 3%. Includes.

[0340] The liquid crystal medium according to the present invention is advantageous in that it preferably has a nematic phase at temperatures of -20°C or lower to 70°C or higher, particularly preferably -30°C or lower to 80°C or higher, and very particularly preferably -40°C or lower to 90°C or higher.

[0341] The LC medium according to the present invention has a transparency temperature of 70°C or higher, preferably 74°C or higher.

[0342] In this specification, the expression "having a nematic phase" means, on the one hand, that neither the smectic phase nor crystallization is observed at the corresponding low temperature, and on the other hand, that heating from the nematic phase does not yet result in transparency. Low-temperature studies are performed using a fluid viscometer at the corresponding temperature and confirmed by storage for at least 100 hours in a test cell with a layer thickness corresponding to electro-optical applications. If the storage stability of the corresponding test cell at -20°C is 1000 hours or more, the LC medium is considered stable at this temperature. At temperatures of -30°C and -40°C, the corresponding times are 500 hours and 250 hours, respectively. At high temperatures, the transparency point is measured in a capillary by conventional methods.

[0343] The liquid crystal mixture preferably has a nematic phase range of at least 60K and a maximum of 30mm at 20°C. 2 ·s -1 The fluid viscosity ν 20 It holds.

[0344] The mixture is nematic at temperatures below -20°C, preferably below -30°C, and very preferably below -40°C.

[0345] The birefringence value Δn of a liquid crystal mixture is generally between 0.07 and 0.16, preferably between 0.08 and 0.15, and very preferably between 0.09 and 0.14.

[0346] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the LC medium has a birefringence in the range of 0.090 to 0.110, preferably 0.095 to 0.108, and particularly 0.102 to 0.107.

[0347] The liquid crystal mixture according to the present invention has a dielectric anisotropy Δε of -1.5 to -8.0, preferably -2.0 to -4.0, and particularly -2.5 to -3.6.

[0348] The rotational viscosity γ1 at 20°C is preferably 120 mPa·s or less, and particularly 105 mPa·s or less.

[0349] In a preferred embodiment, the rotational viscosity γ1 at 20°C is 100 mPa·s or less, and particularly 95 mPa·s or less.

[0350] The liquid crystal medium according to the present invention has a relatively low threshold voltage (V0) value. These are preferably in the range of 1.7V to 3.0V, particularly preferably 2.7V or less, and very particularly preferably 2.5V or less.

[0351] In the present invention, the term "threshold voltage" refers to the capacitance threshold (V0), also known as the Fredericks threshold, unless otherwise specified.

[0352] In addition, the liquid crystal medium according to the present invention has a high voltage retention rate in liquid crystal cells.

[0353] Generally, liquid crystal media with a low address voltage or threshold voltage exhibit a lower voltage retention rate than those with a high address voltage or threshold voltage, and vice versa.

[0354] In this invention, the term "dielectrically positive compound" refers to a compound with Δε > 1.5, the term "dielectrically neutral compound" refers to one with -1.5 ≤ Δε ≤ 1.5, and the term "dielectrically negative compound" refers to one with Δε < -1.5. The dielectric anisotropy of the compound is determined herein by dissolving 10% of the compound in a liquid crystal host and measuring the capacitance of the resulting mixture in at least one test cell having a layer thickness of 20 μm and homeotropic and homogeneous surface orientation at 1 kHz in each case. The measurement voltage is typically 0.5 V to 1.0 V, but is always lower than the capacitance threshold of each liquid crystal mixture under consideration.

[0355] All temperature values ​​shown in this invention are in °C.

[0356] The LC media according to the present invention are suitable for all VA-TFT (vertical alignment-thin film transistor) applications, such as VAN (vertically aligned nematic), MVA (multidomain VA), (S)-PVA (super patterned VA), ASV (advanced super view or axially symmetric VA), PSA (polymer sustained VA), and PS-VA (polymer stabilized VA). They are also suitable for IPS (in-plane switching) and FFS (fringe field switching) applications with negative Δε.

[0357] The nematic LC medium in the display according to the present invention generally comprises two components A and B, each consisting of one or more individual compounds.

[0358] Component A has significantly negative dielectric anisotropy, giving the nematic phase a dielectric anisotropy of -0.5 or less. It preferably comprises one or more compounds of formulas IIA, IIB, IIC and / or IID, and further one or more compounds of formula III.

[0359] The proportion of component A is preferably between 45% and 100%, and particularly between 60% and 85%.

[0360] For component A, one (or more) individual compounds having a Δε value of -1.5 or less are preferably selected. This value must be more negative as the proportion of component A in the whole mixture decreases.

[0361] Component B exhibits significant nematogenic properties, and at 20°C, 30 mm 2 ·s -1 The following is preferably 25 mm 2 ·s -1 It has the following flow viscosity.

[0362] Numerous suitable materials are known to those skilled in the art from the literature. Compounds of formula IV are particularly preferred.

[0363] Particularly preferred individual compounds in component B are 18 mm at 20°C. 2 ·s -1 The following is preferably 12 mm 2 ·s -1 This is an extremely low viscosity nematic liquid crystal having the following fluid viscosity.

[0364] Component B is unidirectional or enantiomerically nematic, does not have a smectic phase, and can prevent the formation of a smectic phase in LC media down to very low temperatures. For example, when various highly nematogenic materials are added to a smectic liquid crystal mixture, the nematogenicity of these materials can be compared through the degree of smectic phase suppression achieved.

[0365] The mixture may also contain component C, which includes a compound having dielectric anisotropy Δε≧1.5. These so-called positive compounds are generally present in the mixture with negative dielectric anisotropy in amounts of 20% by weight or less, based on the whole mixture.

[0366] In addition to the compound of formula IA, the LC medium preferably includes 4 to 15 types, particularly 5 to 12 types, and especially preferably less than 10 types of compounds of formulas IIA, IIB, IIC and / or IID, as well as one or more compounds of formula IV.

[0367] In addition to the compound of formula IA and the compounds of formulas IIA, IIB, IIC and / or IID and IV, other components may also be present in amounts up to 45%, preferably up to 35%, and particularly up to 10% of the total mixture.

[0368] Other components are preferably selected from azoxybenzene, benzylideneaniline, biphenyl, terphenyl, phenyl or cyclohexyl benzoate, phenyl or cyclohexylcyclohexane carboxylate, phenylcyclohexane, cyclohexyl biphenyl, cyclohexyl cyclohexane, cyclohexyl naphthalene, 1,4-biscyclohexyl biphenyl or cyclohexylpyrimidine, phenyl or cyclohexyl dioxane, optionally halogenated stilbene, benzylphenyl ether, tran and substituted cinnamic acid esters, particularly known substances.

[0369] The most important compound suitable as a component of this type of liquid crystal phase can be characterized by formula R.

[0370] [ka]

[0371] In the formula, L and E represent carbocyclic or heterocyclic systems from the group formed by 1,4-disubstituted benzenes and cyclohexane rings, 4,4'-disubstituted biphenyls, phenylcyclohexane and cyclohexylcyclohexane systems, 2,5-disubstituted pyrimidines and 1,3-dioxane rings, 2,6-disubstituted naphthalenes, di and tetrahydronaphthalenes, quinazolines and tetrahydroquinazolines, respectively. G is -CH=CH-, -N(O)=N-, -CH=CQ-, -CH=N(O)-, -C≡C-, -CH2-CH2-, -CO-O-, -CH2-O-, -CO-S-, -C Represents H2-S-, -CH=N-, -COO-Phe-COO-, -CF2O-, -CF=CF-, -OCF2-, -OCH2-, -(CH2)4-, -(CH2)3O-, Alternatively, CC represents a single bond, Q represents a halogen, preferably chlorine, or -CN, and R R1 and R R2 Each of these groups represents an alkyl, alkenyl, alkoxy, alkoxyalkyl, or alkoxycarbonyloxy group having up to 18, preferably up to 8, carbon atoms, or one of these groups represents CN, NC, NO2, NCS, CF3, SF5, OCF3, F, Cl, or Br.

[0372] In most of these compounds, R R1 and R R2 These groups are distinct from one another, and one of these groups is usually an alkyl or alkoxy group. Other variants of the proposed substituents are also common. Many such substances or mixtures thereof are commercially available. All of these substances can be prepared by methods known from the literature.

[0373] It goes without saying to those skilled in the art that the VA, IPS, or FFS mixture according to the present invention may also include compounds in which, for example, H, N, O, Cl, and F are replaced with corresponding isotopes.

[0374] The LC medium preferably has a nematic LC phase.

[0375] Preferably, the LC medium comprises one or more polymerizable compounds selected from polymerizable mesogen compounds, more preferably from formula M, which are also known as "reactive mesogens" or RM (reactive mesogen).

[0376] [ka]

[0377] In the formula, each base, whether identical or different in its respective appearance, has the following meanings independently of each other: R a and R b These are linear or branched alkyl groups having P, P-Sp-, H, F, Cl, Br, I, -CN, -NO2, -NCO, -NCS, -OCN, -SCN, SF5, or 1 to 25 carbon atoms, provided that one or more non-adjacent CH2 groups are independently linked to each other such that the oxygen and / or sulfur atoms are not directly linked to one another. 0 )=C(R 00 )-, -C≡C-, -N(R 00 )-, -O-, -S-, -CO-, -CO-O-, -O-CO-, -O-CO-O- may be substituted, except that one or more H atoms may be substituted with F, Cl, Br, I, CN, P or P-Sp-, except that B 1 and / or B 2 If it contains saturated C atoms, and R a and / or R b This may also represent a group that can be linked to this saturated C atom via a spiro bond. However, the base R a and R b At least one of them represents or contains the group P or P-Sp-, P is a polymerizable group, Sp is a spacer group or a single bond. B 1 and B 2The group is preferably an aromatic, heteroaromatic, alicyclic, or heterocyclic group having 4 to 25 ring atoms, and the group may include a fused ring, and the group may be monosubstituted or polysubstituted with L. Z m -O-, -S-, -CO-, -CO-O-, -OCO-, -O-CO-O-, -OCH2-, -CH2O-, -SCH2-, -CH2S-, -CF2O-, -OCF2-, -CF2S-, -SCF2-, -(CH2) n1 -, -CF2CH2-, -CH2CF2-, -(CF2) n1 -, -CH=CH-, -CF=CF-, -CH=CF-, -CF=CH-, -C≡C-, -CH=CH-COO-, -OCO-CH=CH-, -CH2CH2-CO-O-, -O-CO-CH2-CH2-, -CR 0 R 00 -or single bond, R 0 and R 00 It is an alkyl having H or 1 to 12 C atoms, m is 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4. n1 is 1, 2, 3, or 4. L is P, P-Sp-, OH, CH2OH, F, Cl, Br, I, -CN, -NO2, -NCO, -NCS, -OCN, -SCN, -C(=O)N(R x )2, -C(=O)Y 1 -C(=O)R x , -N(R x )2, a substituted silyl, a substituted aryl having 6 to 20 C atoms, or a linear or branched alkyl, alkoxy, alkylcarbonyl, alkoxycarbonyl, alkylcarbonyloxy or alkoxycarbonyloxy having 1 to 25 C atoms, wherein one or more H atoms may be replaced with F, Cl, P or P-Sp-. Y 1 It is a halogen, R xThese are P, P-Sp-, H, halogens, linear, branched, or cyclic alkyl groups having 1 to 25 carbon atoms (wherein one or more non-adjacent CH2 groups may be replaced with -O-, -S-, -CO-, -CO-O-, -O-CO-, -O-CO-O-, wherein addition one or more H atoms may be replaced with F, Cl, P, or P-Sp-), substituted aryl or aryloxy groups having 6 to 40 carbon atoms, or substituted heteroaryl or heteroaryloxy groups having 2 to 40 carbon atoms.

[0378] The polymerizable group P is suitable for polymerization reactions such as free radical or ionic chain polymerization, polyaddition or polycondensation, or for polymer-like reactions such as addition or condensation onto a polymer backbone. Groups for chain polymerization, particularly those containing a C=C double bond or a C≡C triple bond, and groups suitable for ring-opening polymerization, such as oxetane or epoxide groups, are especially preferred.

[0379] The preferred group P is CH2=CW 1 -CO-O-, CH2=CW 1 -CO-, [ka] CH2=CW 2 -(O) k3 -, CW 1 =CH-CO-(O) k3 -, CW 1 =CH-CO-NH-, CH2=CW 1 -CO-NH-, CH3-CH=CH-O-, (CH2=CH)2CH-OCO-, (CH2=CH-CH2)2CH-OCO-, (CH2=CH)2CH-O-, (CH2=CH-CH2)2N-, (CH2=CH-CH2)2N-CO-, HO-CW 2 W 3 -, HS-CW 2 W 3 -, HW 2 N-, HO-CW 2 W 3-NH-, CH2=CW 1 -CO-NH-, CH2=CH-(COO) k1 -Phe-(O) k2 -, CH2=CH-(CO) k1 -Phe-(O) k2 -, Phe-CH=CH-, HOOC-, OCN- and W 4 W 5 W 6 Selected from the group consisting of Si-, in the formula, W 1 This represents H, F, Cl, CN, CF3, phenyl, or alkyl having 1 to 5 C atoms, in particular H, F, Cl or CH3, and W 2 and W 3 Each of these independently represents an alkyl group having H or 1 to 5 C atoms, particularly H, methyl, ethyl, or n-propyl, and W 4 , W 5 and W 6 Each of these independently represents Cl, an oxaalkyl or oxacarbonylalkyl having 1 to 5 C atoms, and W 7 and W 8 k1, k2, and k3 each independently represent H, Cl, or an alkyl group having 1 to 5 C atoms; Phe represents 1,4-phenylene which may be substituted with one or more groups L as defined above, other than P-Sp-; k1, k2, and k3 each independently represent 0 or 1, k3 preferably represents 1, and k4 represents an integer from 1 to 10.

[0380] A very preferred group P is CH2=CW 1 -CO-O-, CH2=CW 1 -CO-, [ka] CH2=CW 2 -O-, CH2=CW 2 -, CW 1 =CH-CO-(O) k3 -, CW 1 =CH-CO-NH-, CH2=CW 1-CO-NH-, (CH2=CH)2CH-OCO-, (CH2=CH-CH2)2CH-OCO-, (CH2=CH)2CH-O-, (CH2=CH-CH2)2N-, (CH2=CH-CH2)2N-CO-, CH2=CW 1 -CO-NH-, CH2=CH-(COO) k1 -Phe-(O) k2 -, CH2=CH-(CO) k1 -Phe-(O) k2 -, Phe-CH=CH- and W 4 W 5 W 6 Selected from the group consisting of Si-, in the formula, W 1 This represents H, F, Cl, CN, CF3, phenyl, or alkyl having 1 to 5 C atoms, in particular H, F, Cl or CH3, and W 2 and W 3 Each of these independently represents an alkyl group having H or 1 to 5 C atoms, particularly H, methyl, ethyl, or n-propyl, and W 4 , W 5 and W 6 Each of these independently represents Cl, an oxaalkyl or oxacarbonylalkyl having 1 to 5 C atoms, and W 7 and W 8 k1, k2, and k3 each independently represent H, Cl, or an alkyl group having 1 to 5 C atoms, Phe represents 1,4-phenylene, k1, k2, and k3 each independently represent 0 or 1, k3 preferably represents 1, and k4 represents an integer from 1 to 10.

[0381] A particularly preferred group P is CH2=CW 1 -CO-O-, in particular CH2=CH-CO-O-, CH2=C(CH3)-CO-O- and CH2=CF-CO-O-, and furthermore CH2=CH-O-, (CH2=CH)2CH-O-CO-, (CH2=CH)2CH-O-, [ka] Selected from the group consisting of .

[0382] A more preferred polymerizable group P is selected from the group consisting of vinyloxy, acrylate, methacrylate, fluoroacrylate, chloroacrylate, oxetane, and epoxide groups, most preferably from acrylate and methacrylate.

[0383] Preferably, all polymerizable groups in the polymerizable compound have the same meaning.

[0384] If the spacer group Sp is different from the single bond, it is preferably Sp"-X" such that each group P-Sp- corresponds to formula R-Sp"-X"-, however,

[0385] Sp'' represents a linear or branched alkylene having 1 to 20, preferably 1 to 12, carbon atoms, the group may be monosubstituted or polysubstituted with F, Cl, Br, I, or CN, except that one or more non-adjacent CH2 groups are independently -O-, -S-, -NH-, -N(R) such that the O and / or S atoms are not directly linked to each other. 0 )-,-Si(R 0 R 00 )-, -CO-, -CO-O-, -O-CO-, -O-CO-O-, -S-CO-, -CO-S-, -N(R 00 )-CO-O-,-O-CO-N(R 0 )-,-N(R 0 )-CO-N(R 00 )-, -CH=CH- or -C≡C- may also be used as substitutes. “X” is -O-, -S-, -CO-, -CO-O-, -O-CO-, -O-CO-O-, -CO-N(R 0 )-,-N(R 0 )-CO-, -N(R 0 )-CO-N(R 00 )-, -OCH2-, -CH2O-, -SCH2-, -CH2S-, -CF2O-, -OCF2-, -CF2S-, -SCF2-, -CF2CH2-, -CH2CF2-, -CF2CF2-, -CH=N-, -N=CH-, -N=N-, -CH=CR 0 -, -CY 2 =CY3 - represents -C≡C-, -CH=CH-CO-O-, -O-CO-CH=CH-, or a single bond. R 0 and R 00 Each of these independently represents an alkyl group having either H or 1 to 20 C atoms. Y 2 and Y 3 Each of these elements independently represents either H, F, Cl, or CN.

[0386] X" is sometimes -O-, -S-, -CO-, -COO-, -OCO-, -O-COO-, -CO-NR 0 -, -NR 0 -CO-, -NR 0 -CO-NR 00 -or it is a single bond.

[0387] Typical spacer bases Sp and -Sp”-X”- are, for example, -(CH2) p1 -,-(CH2) p1 -O-, -(CH2) p1 -O-CO-, -(CH2) p1 -CO-O-, -(CH2) p1 -O-CO-O-, -(CH2CH2O) q1 -CH2CH2-, -CH2CH2-S-CH2CH2-, -CH2CH2-NH-CH2CH2- or -(SiR 0 R 00 -O) p1 -In the formula, p1 is an integer from 1 to 12, q1 is an integer from 1 to 3, R 0 and R 00 The above has the meanings shown.

[0388] Particularly preferred spacer bases Sp and -Sp”-X”- are -(CH2) p1 -,-(CH2) p1 -O-, -(CH2) p1 -O-CO-, -(CH2) p1 -CO-O-, -(CH2) p1 -O-CO-O-, where p1 and q1 have the meanings shown above.

[0389] Particularly preferred groups Sp'' are linear in each case and are ethylene, propylene, butylene, pentylene, hexylene, heptylene, octylene, nonylene, decylene, undecylene, dodecylene, octadecylene, ethyleneoxyethylene, methyleneoxybutylene, ethylenethioethylene, ethylene-N-methyliminoethylene, 1-methylalkylene, etenylene, propenylene, and butenylene.

[0390] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the polymerizable compound is Sp(P) s It contains a spacer group Sp (branched polymerizable group) substituted with one or more polymerizable groups P to correspond to (where s is 2 or greater).

[0391] The preferred polymerizable compound according to this preferred embodiment is one in which s is 2, i.e., a compound containing the group Sp(P)2. The very preferred polymerizable compound according to this preferred embodiment contains a group selected from the following formulas.

[0392] [ka]

[0393] In the formula, P is defined as in formula M, Alkyl groups represent linear or branched alkylenes having single bonds or 1 to 12 carbon atoms, and the group is either unsubstituted or monosubstituted or polysubstituted with F, Cl, or CN, provided that one or more non-adjacent CH2 groups are each independently bonded to each other such that the O and / or S atoms are not directly bonded to each other, and -C(R 0 )=C(R 0 )-, -C≡C-, -N(R 0 )-, -O-, -S-, -CO-, -CO-O-, -O-CO- or -O-CO-O- may be substituted, however R 0 It has the meaning shown above, aa and bb each independently represent 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6. X has one of the meanings shown in "X", and is preferably O, CO, SO2, O-CO-, CO-O, or a single bond.

[0394] A preferred spacer base Sp(P)2 is selected from formulas S1, S2, and S3.

[0395] A highly preferred spacer base Sp(P)2 is selected from the following sub-formulas.

[0396] [ka]

[0397] In the compounds of formula P and its subformulas as described above and below, P is preferably selected from the group consisting of vinyloxy, acrylate, methacrylate, fluoroacrylate, chloroacrylate, oxetane, and epoxide, most preferably from acrylate and methacrylate.

[0398] More preferably, all polymerizable groups P present in the compound have the same meaning and represent either acrylate or methacrylate, most preferably methacrylate.

[0399] Sp is a single bond or -(CH2) p1 -, -O-(CH2) p1 -,-O-CO-(CH2) p1 Or -CO-O-(CH2) p1 This represents a function where p1 is 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6, preferably 2 or 3, and p2 and p3 are independently 0, 1, 2, or 3, respectively, and Sp is -O-(CH2) p1 -,-O-CO-(CH2) p1 or -CO-O-(CH2) p1 In this case, either an O atom or a CO group is linked to the benzene ring.

[0400] More preferably, at least one Sp group is a single bond.

[0401] More preferably, at least one group Sp is different from a single bond, preferably -(CH2) p1 -, -O-(CH2) p1 -,-O-CO-(CH2) p1 or -CO-O-(CH2) p1 Selected from, where p1 is 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6, preferably 2 or 3, and p2 and p3 are each independently 0, 1, 2 or 3, and Sp is -O-(CH2) p1 -,-O-CO-(CH2) p1 or -CO-O-(CH2) p1 In this case, either an O atom or a CO group is linked to the benzene ring.

[0402] Very preferably, unlike a single bond, Sp is selected from (CH2)2-, -(CH2)3-, -(CH2)4-, -O-(CH2)2-, -O-(CH2)3-, -O-CO-(CH2)2 and -CO-O-(CH)2-, wherein an O atom or CO group is linked to the benzene ring.

[0403] The preferred compound of formula M is B 1 and B 2However, in each case, independently of each other, 1,4-phenylene, naphthalene-1,4-diyl, naphthalene-2,6-diyl, phenanthrene-2,7-diyl, anthracene-2,7-diyl, fluorene-2,7-diyl, coumarin, flavone (however, one or more CH groups in these groups may be replaced with N), cyclohexane-1,4-diyl (however, one or more non-adjacent CH2 groups may be replaced with O and / or S), 1,4-cyclohexenylene, bicyclo[1 Selected from the group consisting of [1.1]-pentane-1,3-diyl, bicyclo[2.2.2]octane-1,4-diyl, spiro[3.3]heptane-2,6-diyl, piperidine-1,4-diyl, decahydronaphthalene-2,6-diyl, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene-2,6-diyl, indan-2,5-diyl, or octahydro-4,7-methanoindan-2,5-diyl, provided that all of these groups are unsubstituted or monosubstituted or polysubstituted with L as defined above.

[0404] Particularly preferred compounds of formula M are B 1 and B 2 However, in each case, they independently represent 1,4-phenylene, 1,3-phenylene, naphthalene-1,4-diyl, or naphthalene-2,6-diyl.

[0405] A more preferred compound of formula M is group B in formula M. 1 -(Z m -B 2 ) m - is selected from the following formula.

[0406] [ka]

[0407] In the formula, at least one benzene ring is substituted with at least one group L, and the benzene ring may be further substituted with one or more groups L or P-Sp-.

[0408] Preferred compounds of formula M and its subformulas are selected from the following preferred embodiments, which include any combination thereof.

[0409] • All groups P in a compound have the same meaning.

[0410] ·-B 1 -(Z m -B 2 ) m - is selected from formulas A1, A2, and A5.

[0411] The compound contains exactly two polymerizable groups (represented by group P).

[0412] The compound contains exactly three polymerizable groups (represented by group P).

[0413] P is selected from the group consisting of acrylates, methacrylates, and oxetanes, and is very preferably acrylate or methacrylate.

[0414] P is methacrylate.

[0415] • All Sp groups are single bonds.

[0416] • At least one Sp group is a single bond, and at least one Sp group is not a single bond.

[0417] • If Sp is different from a single bond, it is -(CH2) p2 -,-(CH2) p2 -O-, -(CH2) p2 -CO-O-, -(CH2) p2 The structure is -O-CO-, where p2 is 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6, and the O atom or CO group is each connected to a benzene ring.

[0418] • Sp is a single bond or -(CH2) p2 -,-(CH2) p2 -O-, -(CH2) p2 -CO-O-, -(CH2)p2 It represents -O-CO-, where p2 is 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6, and the O atom or CO group is connected to a benzene ring, respectively.

[0419] ·R represents P-Sp-.

[0420] • R does not represent or does not contain a polymerizable group.

[0421] • R does not represent or does not contain a polymerizable group, and represents a linear, branched, or cyclic alkyl group having 1 to 25 carbon atoms, wherein one or more non-adjacent CH2 groups may be replaced with -O-, -S-, -CO-, -CO-O-, -O-CO-, -O-CO-O-, respectively, such that the O and / or S atoms are not directly linked, and one or more H atoms are each F, Cl, or L a It can be replaced with this.

[0422] L or L' represents F, Cl, or CN.

[0423] L is F.

[0424] A highly preferred compound of formula M is selected from the following formulas.

[0425] [ka]

[0426] [ka]

[0427] [ka]

[0428] [ka]

[0429] [ka]

[0430] [ka]

[0431] In the formula, each base, whether identical or different in its respective appearance, has the following meanings independently of each other: P 1 , P 2 , P 3 The polymerizable group is preferably selected from vinyl oxy, acrylate, methacrylate, fluoroacrylate, chloracrylate, oxetane, and epoxy, and very preferably acrylate or methacrylate. Sp 1 , Sp 2 , Sp 3 is a single bond or spacer group, but in addition, one or more groups P 1 -Sp 1 -, P 2 -Sp 2 -and P 3 -Sp 3 - is R M This can be expressed as follows, provided that there exists a base P 1 -Sp 1 -, P 2 -Sp 2 -and P 3 -Sp 3 - At least one of R M Subject to being different from, preferably having one of the preferred meanings of Sp as given above, and very preferably -(CH2) p1 -,-(CH2) p1 -O-, -(CH2) p1 -CO-O- or -(CH2) p1 -O-CO-O- means -O-CO-O-, where p1 is an integer from 1 to 12. R MThis refers to linear or branched alkyl groups having H, F, Cl, CN, or 1 to 25 C atoms (however, one or more non-adjacent CH2 groups are also included, in each case independently of each other, such that the O and / or S atoms are not directly linked to each other -C(R 0 )=C(R 00 )-, -C≡C-, -N(R 0 )-, -O-, -S-, -CO-, -CO-O-, -O-CO-, -O-CO-O- may be substituted, provided that one or more H atoms are replaced with F, Cl, CN or P 1 -Sp 1 - May be replaced with ), particularly preferably alkyl, alkoxy, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkylcarbonyl, alkoxycarbonyl, alkylcarbonyl or alkylcarbonyloxy (where alkenyl and alkynyl groups have at least 2 C atoms, and branched groups have at least 3 C atoms), however R aa is the base P 1 , P 2 or P 3 Does not mean or include R 0 , R 00 It is an alkyl having H or 1 to 12 C atoms, R y and R z These are H, F, CH3, or CF3. X 1 , X 2 , X 3 These are -CO-O-, -O-CO-, or single bonds. Z M1 -O-, -CO-, -C(R y R z )- or -CF2CF2-, Z M2 , Z M3 -CO-O-, -O-CO-, -CH2O-, -OCH2-, -CF2O-, -OCF2-, or -(CH2) n -where n is 2, 3, or 4, L is an alkyl, alkoxy, thioalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkylcarbonyl, alkoxycarbonyl, alkylcarbonyloxy or alkoxycarbonyloxy having 1 to 12 C atoms, which may be linear or branched monofluorinated or polyfluorinated. L' and L'' are H, F, or Cl. k is either 0 or 1. r is 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4. s is 0, 1, 2, or 3. t is 0, 1, or 2. x is either 0 or 1.

[0432] Compounds of formulas M2, M13, and M32, especially those with only two polymerizable groups P 1 and P 2 A bireactive compound containing the above is highly preferred.

[0433] Compounds selected from formulas M17-M31, particularly formulas M20, M22, M26, M29 and M31, especially those with only three polymerizable groups P 1 , P 2 and P 3 A trireactive compound containing is even more preferred.

[0434] In the compounds of formulas M1 to M32, [ka]

[0435] In the formula, L has one of the meanings shown above and below, which may be the same or different in each occurrence, preferably F, Cl, CN, NO2, CH3, C2H5, C(CH3)3, CH(CH3)2, CH2CH(CH3)C2H5, CH=CH2, C(CH3)=CH2, SCH3, OCH3, OC2H5, COCH3, COC2H5, COOCH3, COOC2H5, CF3, OCF3, OCHF2, OC2F5 or P-Sp-, very preferably F, Cl, CN, CH3, C2H5, CH=CH2, C(CH3)=CH2, SCH3, OCH3, COCH3, OCF3 or P-Sp-, more preferably F, Cl, CH3, CH=CH2, C(CH3)=CH2, SCH3, OCH3, COCH3 or OCF 3、 Most preferably, it is F, SCH3, or OCH3.

[0436] The preferred compounds of formulas M1 to M32 are P 1 , P 2 and P 3 This represents an acrylate, methacrylate, oxetane, or epoxy group, very preferably an acrylate or methacrylate group, and most preferably a methacrylate group.

[0437] A more preferred compound of formulas M1 to M32 is Sp 1 , Sp 2 and Sp 3 It is a single bond.

[0438] A more preferred compound of formulas M1 to M32 is Sp 1 , Sp 2 and Sp 3 One of them represents a single bond, Sp 1 , Sp 2 and Sp 3 The other one is that it differs from a single bond.

[0439] A more preferred compound of formulas M1 to M32 is one with a single bond and a different group Sp 1 , Sp 2 and Sp 3 ga-(CH2) s1-X'' represents -X'', where s1 is an integer from 1 to 6, preferably 2, 3, 4, or 5, and X'' is a linkage to an adjacent benzene ring, which is -O-, -O-CO-, -CO-O-, -O-CO-O-, or a single bond.

[0440] Even more preferred polymerizable compounds are selected from Table E below, particularly formulas RM-1, RM-4, RM-8, RM-17, RM-19, RM-35, RM-37, RM-39, RM-40, RM-41, RM-48, RM-52, RM-54, RM-57, RM-58, RM-64, RM-74, RM-76, RM-88, RM-91, RM-102, and RM-10 3. Selected from the group consisting of RM-109, RM-116, RM-117, RM-120, RM-121, RM-122, RM-139, RM-140, RM-142, RM-143, RM-145, RM-146, RM-147, RM-149, RM-156~RM-163, RM-169, RM-170, and RM-171~RM-183.

[0441] An LC medium containing one, two, or three polymerizable compounds of formula M is particularly preferred.

[0442] Preferably, an LC medium containing two or more bireactive polymerizable compounds of formula M, selected from formulas M1 to M16 and M32, and very preferably selected from formulas M2, M13 and M32, is more preferable.

[0443] Preferably, the LC medium contains one or more bireactive polymerizable compounds of formula M selected from formulas M1 to M16 and M32, and very preferably from formulas M2, M13 and M32, and more preferably one or more trireactive polymerizable compounds of formula M selected from formulas M17 to M32, and very preferably from formulas M20, M22, M26, M29 and M31.

[0444] More preferably, the LC medium contains one or more polymerizable compounds selected from formulas M2, M13, M22, M24, M27, M29, M31 and M32, in which at least one r is non-zero or at least one of s and t is non-zero, most preferably L is selected from the preferred groups shown above, most preferably F, OCH3 and SCH3.

[0445] Preferably, the LC medium contains one or more polymerizable compounds selected from formula M, and more preferably from formulas M1 to M32, which exhibit absorption in the wavelength range of 320 to 380 nm.

[0446] An LC medium containing one, two, or three polymerizable compounds selected from formula M or formulas M1 to M32 is particularly preferred.

[0447] By combining the compounds of the preferred embodiments described above with the polymerization compounds described above and below, a consistently high transparency point and high HR value are obtained, along with a low threshold voltage, low rotational viscosity, and excellent low-temperature stability in the LC medium according to the present invention, making it possible to quickly establish particularly low tilt angles (i.e., large tilts) in PSA displays. In particular, the LC medium also exhibits significantly shorter response times in PSA displays compared to LC media of the prior art, especially intermediate grayscale response times.

[0448] For use in PSA displays, the total proportion of polymerizable compounds such as those of formula M or M1-M32 in the LC medium is preferably 0.01-2.0%, very preferably 0.1-1.0%, and most preferably 0.2-0.8%.

[0449] For use in SA-VA displays, the total percentage of polymerizable compounds, such as those of formula M or M1-M32, in the LC medium is preferably greater than 0 and less than 3%, very preferably greater than 0 and less than 2%, more preferably 0.05-2.0%, and most preferably 0.05-1.0%.

[0450] Compounds of formula M and its subformulas are known to those skilled in the art and can be prepared by processes similar to those described in standard organic chemistry textbooks such as Houben-Weyl, Methoden der organischen Chemie [Methods of Organic Chemistry], Thieme-Verlag, and Stuttgart.

[0451] For example, acrylic acid esters or methacrylic acid esters can be prepared by esterifying the corresponding alcohol with an acid derivative such as (meth)acryloyl chloride or (meth)acrylic anhydride in the presence of a base such as pyridine or triethylamine or 4-(N,N-dimethylamino)pyridine (DMAP). Alternatively, esters can also be prepared by esterifying alcohols with (meth)acrylic acid using dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC), N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-N'-ethylcarbodiimide (EDC), or N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-N'-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride and DMAP in the presence of a dehydrating agent, for example, according to Steglich.

[0452] The present invention further relates to an LC medium or LC display as described above, in which polymerizable compounds such as formula M and its sub-formulas exist in polymerized form.

[0453] One or more initiators may be added to the LC medium. Suitable conditions for polymerization, as well as suitable types and amounts of initiators, are known to those skilled in the art and described in the literature. For example, commercially available photoinitiators Irgacure 651®, Irgacure 184®, Irgacure 907®, Irgacure 369®, or Darocure 1173® (Ciba Corporation) are suitable for free radical polymerization. When initiators are used, their proportion in the total mixture is preferably 0.001 to 5% by weight, and particularly preferably 0.001 to 1% by weight.

[0454] Furthermore, the polymerizable compounds according to the present invention are also suitable for polymerization without an initiator, and such polymerization offers considerable advantages, such as lower material costs and, in particular, reduced contamination of the LC medium by the expected residual amount of the initiator or its degradation products. In this way, polymerization can be carried out without the addition of an initiator. Therefore, in a preferred embodiment, the LC medium does not contain a polymerization initiator.

[0455] Furthermore, for example, to prevent undesirable spontaneous polymerization of RM during storage or transport, the polymerizable component of the cholesteric liquid crystal medium may also contain one or more stabilizers. Appropriate types and amounts of stabilizers are known to those skilled in the art and are described in the literature. For example, commercially available stabilizers from the Irganox® series (Ciba), such as Irganox® 1076, are particularly suitable. When stabilizers are used, the proportion of stabilizers based on RM or the polymerizable component (component A) is preferably 10 to 50,000 ppm, and particularly preferably 50 to 5,000 ppm.

[0456] In a preferred embodiment, the LC medium contains one or more chiral dopants at a concentration of preferably 0.01 to 1% by weight, and very preferably 0.05 to 0.5% by weight. The chiral dopant is preferably selected from the group consisting of compounds from Table C below, and very preferably from the group consisting of R- or S-1011, R- or S-2011, R- or S-3011, R- or S-4011, and R- or S-5011.

[0457] In another preferred embodiment, the LC medium comprises a racemate of one or more chiral dopants, which are preferably selected from the chiral dopants described in the preceding paragraph.

[0458] In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the LC medium comprises one or more further stabilizers.

[0459] A preferred stabilizer is selected from the compounds of formula H.

[0460] [ka]

[0461] During the ceremony, Ar represents an aromatic or heteroaromatic hydrocarbon group having 4 to 40 carbon atoms, preferably 6 to 30 carbon atoms; Sp represents a spacer group; R S H represents an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, or an alkenyl group having 2 to 12 carbon atoms; Z S -O-, -C(O)O-, -(CH2) z -or-(CH2) z O- or represents a single bond; HA is [ka] It represents; R H H, O · , CH3, OH or OR S Preferably H or O · It represents; R S1 , R S2 , R S3 and R S4 These represent the same or different alkyl groups having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 3 carbon atoms, and very preferably CH3; G is either H or R S or base Z S - Represents HA; z is an integer from 1 to 6; and q is either 3 or 4.

[0462] Compounds of formula H are described in European Patent Application Publication No. 3354710 and European Patent Application Publication No. 3354709.

[0463] The preferred compound of formula H is selected from formulas H-1, H-2, and H-3.

[0464] [ka]

[0465] [ka]

[0466] During the ceremony, R H This has the meaning given above, preferably H or O · It represents; n is an integer from 0 to 12, preferably 5, 6, 7, 8 or 9, very preferably 7; and Sp represents a spacer group, preferably an alkylene having 1 to 12 carbon atoms in which one or more non-adjacent -CH2- groups may be replaced by -O- groups.

[0467] The preferred compound of formula H-1 is that of formula H-1-1.

[0468] [ka]

[0469] In the formula, R H The above has the meaning, preferably H or O · This represents n being an integer between 0 and 12, preferably 5, 6, 7, 8, or 9, and very preferably 7.

[0470] A very preferred compound of formula H-1-1 is that of formula H-1-1-1.

[0471] [ka]

[0472] The preferred compound of formula H-2 is that of formula H-2-1.

[0473] [ka]

[0474] In the formula, R H The above has the meaning, preferably H or O · Represents; and n2 is an integer from 0 to 12, preferably 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6, preferably 3, and R is identical or different in each occurrence; and R is an integer from 0 to 12, preferably 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6, preferably 3; and S Each occurrence represents an alkyl group having the same or different carbon atoms, preferably the same, and preferably n-butyl, with 1 to 6 carbon atoms.

[0475] A very preferred compound of formula H-2-1 is that of formula H-2-1-1.

[0476] [ka]

[0477] The preferred compound of formula H-3 is selected from formula H-3-1.

[0478] [ka]

[0479] In the formula, Sp and R H It has the meaning given above, R H Preferably H or O · This represents n being an integer between 0 and 12, preferably 5, 6, 7, 8, or 9, and very preferably 7.

[0480] A more preferred stabilizer is selected from the group consisting of formulas ST-1 to ST-18.

[0481] [ka]

[0482] [ka]

[0483] [ka]

[0484] [ka]

[0485] During the ceremony R ST represents an alkyl or alkoxy group having H and 1 to 15 C atoms, except that one or more CH2 groups are formed such that the O atoms are not directly linked to each other, such as -C≡C-, -CF2O-, -OCF2-, -CH=CH-, [ka] -O-, -CO-O-, and -O-CO- may be substituted for each other independently, and in the group, one or more H atoms may be replaced by halogens. [ka] In each appearance, they are the same or different. [ka] This represents, Z ST These each independently represent -CO-O-, -O-CO-, -CF2O-, -OCF2-, -CH2O-, -OCH2-, -CH2-, -CH2CH2-, -(CH2)4-, -CH=CH-, -CH2O-, -C2F4-, -CH2CF2-, -CF2CH2-, -CF=CF-, -CH=CF-, -CF=CH-, -CH=CH-, -C≡C-, or a single bond. L 1 and L 2 Each of these independently represents F, Cl, CH3, CF3, or CHF2. p represents 0, 1, or 2. q represents 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10.

[0486] Preferred compounds of formula ST are those of formula ST-3 and, in particular, those selected from below.

[0487] [ka]

[0488] [ka]

[0489] [ka]

[0490] In the compounds of formulas ST-3a and ST-3b, n preferably represents 3. In the compound of formula ST-2a, n preferably represents 7.

[0491] A highly preferred stabilizer is selected from the group of compounds of formulas ST-2a-1, ST-3a-1, ST-3b-1, ST-8-1, ST-9-1, and ST-12.

[0492] [ka]

[0493] [ka]

[0494] In another preferred embodiment, the LC medium comprises one or more stabilizers selected from Table D below.

[0495] The proportion of the stabilizer in the LC medium is preferably 10 to 500 ppm, and very preferably 20 to 100 ppm.

[0496] In another preferred embodiment, the LC medium according to the present invention contains a self-alignment (SA) additive, preferably at a concentration of 0.1 to 2.5%.

[0497] In a preferred embodiment, the SA-VA display according to the present invention does not include a polyimide orientation layer. In another preferred embodiment, the SA-VA display according to a preferred embodiment includes a polyimide orientation layer.

[0498] Preferred SA additives for use in this preferred embodiment are selected from compounds comprising a mesogenic group and a linear or branched alkyl side chain terminated by one or more polar anchor groups selected from hydroxy, carboxy, amino, or thiol groups.

[0499] A more preferred SA additive comprises one or more polymerizable groups optionally linked to a mesogenic group via spacer groups. These polymerizable SA additives can be polymerized in an LC medium under conditions similar to those applied to RM in the PSA process.

[0500] Suitable SA additives for inducing homeotropic orientation, particularly for use in SA-VA mode displays, are disclosed, for example, in U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2013 / 0182202, U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2014 / 0838581, U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2015 / 0166890, and U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2015 / 0252265.

[0501] In another preferred embodiment, the LC medium or polymer-stabilized SA-VA display according to the present invention comprises one or more self-orienting additives selected from Table F below.

[0502] In another preferred embodiment, the LC medium according to the present invention preferably contains one or more SA additives selected from formula II or its sub-formulas, or selected from Table F below, at a concentration of 0.1 to 5%, very preferably 0.2 to 3%, and most preferably 0.2 to 1.5%.

[0503] The present invention further relates to an LC display comprising an LC medium according to the present invention as described above and below, preferably a PSA or SA display, and very preferably a PS-VA, PS-IPS, PS-FFS or SA-VA display.

[0504] The present invention further relates to an LC display comprising an LC medium as described above and below, wherein the polymerizable compound exists in a polymerized form, preferably a PSA or SA display, and very preferably a PS-VA, PS-IPS, PS-FFS or SA-VA display.

[0505] For the production of PSA or polymer-stabilized SA displays, polymerizable compounds contained in the LC medium are preferably polymerized by in-situ polymerization in the LC medium between the substrates of the LC display while applying a voltage to the electrodes.

[0506] The display structure according to the present invention corresponds to the usual geometric shape of a PSA display, as described in the prior art cited at the beginning. A geometry without protrusions is preferred, and in particular, a geometry in which the electrodes on the color filter side are unstructured and only the electrodes on the TFT side have slots is preferred. A particularly suitable and preferred electrode structure for a PS-VA display is described, for example, in U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2006 / 0066793.

[0507] A preferred PSA-type liquid crystal display of the present invention is: A first substrate including a pixel electrode that defines a pixel region, the pixel electrode being connected to a switch element placed in each pixel region, and optionally including a microslit pattern, and a first orientation layer optionally placed on the pixel electrode, A second substrate comprising a common electrode layer which may be arranged over the entire portion of the second substrate facing the first substrate, and optionally a second orientation layer, • An LC layer disposed between a first substrate and a second substrate, comprising an LC medium as described above and below, wherein the polymerizable compound may be present in a polymerized form. Includes.

[0508] The first and / or second orientation layers control the orientation direction of the LC molecules in the LC layer. For example, in a PS-VA display, the orientation layer is selected to impart homeotropic (or perpendicular) orientation (i.e., perpendicular to the surface) or tilt orientation to the LC molecules. Such an orientation layer may, for example, contain polyimide, and may be rubbed or prepared by a photo-alignment method.

[0509] An LC layer containing an LC medium can be deposited between display substrates using a method conventionally employed by display manufacturers, such as the so-called one-drop-filling (ODF) method. Next, the polymerizable components of the LC medium are polymerized, for example, by UV photopolymerization. Polymerization can be carried out in one step or in two or more steps.

[0510] A PSA display may include further elements such as a color filter, a black matrix, a passivation layer, an optical delay layer, and transistor elements for addressing individual pixels, all of which are well known to those skilled in the art and can be employed without inventive skill.

[0511] The electrode structure can be designed by those skilled in the art according to the type of display. For example, in the case of PS-VA displays, multi-domain orientation of LC molecules can be induced by providing electrodes having slits and / or bumps or protrusions to create two or four or more different tilt orientation directions.

[0512] During polymerization, polymerizable compounds form copolymers, which cause LC molecules in the LC medium to have a certain tilt angle. While we do not wish to be bound by any particular theory, it is thought that at least a portion of the crosslinked polymers formed by polymerizable compounds undergo phase separation or precipitation from the LC medium, forming a polymer layer on the substrate or electrode, or on an orientation layer provided thereon. Microscopic measurements (SEM and AFM, etc.) have confirmed that at least a portion of the formed polymer accumulates at the LC / substrate interface.

[0513] Polymerization can be carried out in a single step. In addition, in the first step, polymerization can be carried out while applying an arbitrary voltage to create a tilt angle, and then in the second polymerization step, without applying a voltage, the compounds that did not react in the first step can be polymerized or crosslinked ("final curing").

[0514] A preferred polymerization method is, for example, thermal polymerization or photopolymerization, preferably photopolymerization, particularly UV-induced photopolymerization, which can be achieved by exposing the polymerizable compound to UV radiation.

[0515] Polymerizable compounds of formula M and its subformulas exhibit good UV absorption, particularly in PSA display preparation processes that include one or more of the following features or any combination thereof, and are therefore especially preferred:

[0516] The polymerizable medium is exposed to UV light within the display, and the process includes a two-step procedure in which a tilt angle is generated in a first UV exposure step ("UV1 step") in which a voltage is applied to the electrodes of the display, and the polymerization of the polymerizable compound is completed in a second UV exposure step ("UV2 step") in which no voltage is applied to the electrodes of the display.

[0517] The polymerizable medium is exposed to UV light in a display generated by a UV-LED lamp, preferably in at least two UV steps, and more preferably in both UV1 and UV2 steps.

[0518] The polymerizable medium is exposed to UV light within the display generated by energy-saving UV lamps (also known as "green UV lamps"). These lamps are characterized by relatively low intensity in the 300-380 nm absorption spectrum (1 / 100 to 1 / 10 of conventional UV1 lamps) and are preferably used in the UV2 process, but may optionally be used in the UV1 process if it is necessary to avoid high intensity during the process.

[0519] The polymerizable medium is exposed to UV light in the display generated by a UV lamp having an emission spectrum shifted to longer wavelengths, preferably 340 nm or longer, more preferably 350-370 nm, and very preferably 355-368 nm, in order to avoid short UV light exposure in the PS-VA process.

[0520] The UV shift to lower intensity and longer wavelengths protects organic layers from damage that can occur with UV light.

[0521] A preferred embodiment of the present invention is for preparing a PSA display as described above and below, and is a method comprising one or more of the following features or a desired combination thereof: The polymerizable LC medium is irradiated with UV light in two steps, including a first UV exposure step ("UV-1 step") in which a voltage is applied to generate a tilt angle, and a second UV exposure step ("UV-2 step") in which no voltage is applied to complete the polymerization of the polymerizable compound. • The polymerizable LC medium is preferably exposed to UV2 in the UV2 step, and optionally in the UV1 step, at a wavelength range of 300-380 nm at 0.5 mW / cm². 2 ~10mW / cm 2 Irradiated with UV light generated by a UV lamp having the following intensity, The polymerizable LC medium is irradiated with UV light having a wavelength of 340 nm or higher, preferably 420 nm or lower, very preferably in the range of 340 to 380 nm, more preferably in the range of 350 to less than 370 nm, and most preferably in the range of 355 to 368 nm. • While applying voltage to the electrodes of the display, the polymerizable LC medium is irradiated with UV light. • Use a UV-LED lamp to irradiate with UV light.

[0522] This preferred method can be implemented, for example, by using a desired UV lamp or by using bandpass filters and / or cutoff filters that substantially transmit UV light having the desired wavelength and substantially block light having the undesired wavelength. For example, if irradiation with UV light with a wavelength λ of 300-400 nm is desired, UV irradiation can be performed using a widebandpass filter that substantially transmits wavelengths λ greater than 300 nm and less than 400 nm. If irradiation with UV light with a wavelength λ greater than 340 nm is desired, UV irradiation can be performed using a cutoff filter that substantially transmits wavelengths λ greater than 340 nm.

[0523] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, UV irradiation is performed using a UV-LED lamp.

[0524] Using a UV-LED lamp with only one narrow emission peak in the PSA process offers several advantages, such as more effective light energy transfer to the polymerizable compound in the LC medium, depending on the selection of a suitable polymerizable compound that absorbs the LED lamp's emission wavelength. This allows for a reduction in UV intensity and / or UV irradiation time, thus enabling shorter cycle times and savings in energy and manufacturing costs. Another advantage is that the narrow emission spectrum of the lamp makes it easier to select a wavelength suitable for photopolymerization.

[0525] Very preferably, the UV light source is a UV-LED lamp that emits wavelengths in the range of 340 to 400 nm, more preferably in the range of 340 to 380 nm. A UV-LED lamp that emits UV light with a wavelength of 365 nm is particularly preferred.

[0526] This preferred method enables the manufacture of displays using longer wavelength UV light, thereby reducing or avoiding the harmful and damaging effects of the short-wavelength components of UV light.

[0527] UV radiation energy is generally between 6 and 100 J, depending on the manufacturing process conditions.

[0528] The LC medium according to the present invention may further contain one or more preferably selected components or additives, without being limited to the list of comonomers, chiral dopants, polymerization initiators, inhibitors, stabilizers, surfactants, wetting agents, lubricants, dispersants, hydrophobic agents, adhesives, flow improvers, defoamers, deaeration agents, diluents, reactive diluents, auxiliary agents, colorants, dyes, pigments, and nanoparticles.

[0529] Furthermore, the LC medium may be supplemented with substances that improve the conductivity of the LC medium, such as 0-15% by weight of a polychromatic dye, nanoparticles, conductive salts, preferably complex salts of ethyldimethyldodecylammonium 4-hexoxybenzoate, tetrabutylammonium tetraphenylborate, or crown ether (e.g., Haller et al., Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. Vol. 24, pp. 249-258 (1973)), or substances that alter the dielectric anisotropy, viscosity, or orientation of the nematic phase. This type of substance is described, for example, in German Patent Application Publications No. 22 09 127, 22 40 864, 23 21 632, 23 38 281, 24 50 088, 26 37 430, and 28 53 728.

[0530] The individual components of the preferred embodiments listed above for the LC media according to the present invention are either known, or the methods for preparing them are based on standard methods described in the literature, so the methods for preparing them can be easily derived from the prior art by those skilled in the art. The corresponding compound of formula CY is described, for example, in European Patent Application Publication No. 0 364 538. The corresponding compound of formula ZK is described, for example, in German Patent Application Publication No. 26 36 684 and German Patent Application Publication No. 33 21 373.

[0531] LC media usable according to the present invention are themselves prepared in a conventional manner by mixing, for example, one or more of the above-mentioned compounds with one or more polymerizable compounds as defined above, and, optionally, with further liquid crystal compounds and / or additives. Generally, a desired amount of a component used in smaller quantities is dissolved in the components constituting the main components, preferably by raising the temperature. Alternatively, solutions of the components in an organic solvent, for example, acetone, chloroform, or methanol, can be mixed, and after complete mixing, the solvent can be removed again, for example, by distillation. The present invention further relates to a method for preparing LC media according to the present invention.

[0532] Furthermore, it goes without saying to those skilled in the art that the LC medium according to the present invention may also include compounds in which, for example, H, N, O, Cl, and F are replaced with corresponding isotopes such as deuterium.

[0533] The following examples illustrate the present invention without limiting it. However, they will be helpful to those skilled in the art to understand preferred mixing concepts, along with preferred compounds, their respective concentrations, and combinations thereof. In addition, the examples illustrate the available properties and combinations of properties.

[0534] In the present invention and the following examples, the structure of the liquid crystal compound is indicated by an acronym. Unless otherwise specified, the conversion to a chemical formula is performed according to Tables A.1 to A.3 below. Each of the C groups n H2n+1 , C m H 2m+1 and C l H 2l+1 or C n H 2n , C m H 2m and C l H 2l These are linear alkyl or alkylene groups having n, m, and l carbon atoms, respectively. Preferably, n, m, and l are 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, or 7, independently of each other. Table A.1 shows the codes of the core ring elements of the compound, Table A.2 lists the bridging units, and Table A.3 lists the meanings of the symbols of the left- and right-end groups of the molecule. The acronym consists of the code of the ring element having any linking group, followed by a first hyphen and the code of the left-end group, and a second hyphen and the code of the right-end group.

[0535] <Table A.1: Ring elements>

[0536] [Table 1]

[0537] [Table 2]

[0538] [Table 3]

[0539] <Table A.2: Cross-linking units>

[0540] [Table 4]

[0541] <Table A.3: Terminal group>

[0542] [Table 5]

[0543] [Table 6]

[0544] In the table, n and m are integers, and the three dots "..." are spaces for other abbreviations from this table.

[0545] Table B shows exemplary structures of the compounds along with their respective abbreviations.

[0546] In Table B, n, m, k, and l are integers that are independent of each other, preferably 1 to 9, preferably 1 to 7, and k and l may also be 0, preferably 0 to 4, more preferably 0 or 2, most preferably 2, n is preferably 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5, in combination "-nO-", n is preferably 1, 2, 3, or 4, very preferably 2 or 4, m is preferably 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5, in combination "-Om", m is preferably 1, 2, 3, or 4, more preferably 2 or 4. The combination "-nVm" is preferably "2V1". (O)C m H 2m+1 C m H 2m+1 or OC m H 2m+1 It means...

[0547] [Table 7]

[0548] [Table 8]

[0549] [Table 9]

[0550] Table 10

[0551] Table 11

[0552] Table 12

[0553] Table 13

[0554] Table 14

[0555] Table 15

[0556] Table 16

[0557] Table 17

[0558] Table 18

[0559] Table 19

[0560] Table 20

[0561] [Table 21]

[0562] [Table 22]

[0563] [Table 23]

[0564] [Table 24]

[0565] [Table 25]

[0566] [Table 26]

[0567] [Table 27]

[0568] [Table 28]

[0569] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the LC medium according to the present invention comprises one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of compounds from Table B.

[0570] Table C shows the chiral dopants that can be added to the LC medium according to the present invention.

[0571] [Table 29]

[0572] [Table 30]

[0573] The LC medium preferably contains 0 to 10% by weight, particularly 0.01 to 5% by weight, and most preferably 0.1 to 3% by weight of a dopant. The LC medium preferably contains one or more dopants selected from the group consisting of compounds from Table C.

[0574] Table D shows possible stabilizers that can be added to the LC medium according to the present invention. Here, n represents an integer from 1 to 12, preferably 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8, and terminal methyl groups are not shown.

[0575] [Table 31]

[0576] [Table 32]

[0577] [Table 33]

[0578] [Table 34]

[0579] [Table 35]

[0580] [Table 36]

[0581] [Table 37]

[0582] [Table 38]

[0583] The LC medium preferably contains 0 to 10% by weight, particularly preferably 1 ppm to 5% by weight, and most preferably 1 ppm to 1% by weight of a stabilizer. The LC medium preferably contains one or more stabilizers selected from the group consisting of compounds from Table D.

[0584] Table E shows exemplary reactive mesogenic compounds that can be used in the LC medium according to the present invention.

[0585] [Table 39]

[0586] [Table 40]

[0587] [Table 41]

[0588] [Table 42]

[0589] [Table 43]

[0590] Table 44

[0591] Table 45

[0592] Table 46

[0593] Table 47

[0594] Table 48

[0595] Table 49

[0596] Table 50

[0597] Table 51

[0598] Table 52

[0599] Table 53

[0600] Table 54

[0601] [Table 55]

[0602] [Table 56]

[0603] [Table 57]

[0604] [Table 58]

[0605] [Table 59]

[0606] In a preferred embodiment, the mixture according to the present invention preferably comprises one or more polymerizable compounds selected from polymerizable compounds of formulas RM-1 to RM-182. Among these, compounds RM-1, RM-4, RM-8, RM-17, RM-19, RM-35, RM-37, RM-39, RM-40, RM-41, RM-48, RM-52, RM-54, RM-57, RM-58, RM-64, RM-74, RM-76, RM-88, RM-91, RM-102, RM-103, RM-109, RM-116, RM-117, RM-120, RM-121, RM-122, RM-139, RM-140, RM-142, RM-143, RM-145, RM-146, RM-147, RM-149, RM-156~RM-163, RM-169, RM-170, and RM-171~RM-183 are particularly preferred.

[0607] Table F shows self-aligning additives for vertical orientation that can be used with polymerizable compounds in LC media for SA-VA and SA-FFS displays according to the present invention.

[0608] [Table 60]

[0609] [Table 61]

[0610] [Table 62]

[0611] [Table 63]

[0612] [Table 64]

[0613] [Table 65]

[0614] [Table 66]

[0615] [Table 67]

[0616] [Table 68]

[0617] [Table 69]

[0618] [Table 70]

[0619] [Table 71]

[0620] [Table 72]

[0621] In a preferred embodiment, the LC medium, SA-VA, and SA-FFS display according to the present invention are combined with one or more RMs and include one or more SA additives selected from formulas SA-1 to SA-48, preferably from formulas SA-14 to SA-48, and very preferably from formulas SA-20 to SA-34 and SA-44. [Examples]

[0622] The following examples illustrate the present invention without limiting it. However, they will be helpful to those skilled in the art to understand preferred mixing concepts, along with preferred compounds, their respective concentrations, and combinations thereof. In addition, the examples illustrate the available properties and combinations of properties.

[0623] In addition, the following abbreviations and symbols will be used: V0 is the capacitance threshold voltage [V] at 20°C. n e This is an anomalous refractive index at 20°C and 589nm. n0 is the typical refractive index at 20°C and 589nm. Δn is the optical anisotropy at 20°C and 589 nm. ε ⊥This is the dielectric constant perpendicular to the director at 20°C and 1kHz. ε ∥ This is the dielectric constant parallel to the director at 20°C and 1kHz. Δε is the dielectric anisotropy at 20°C and 1kHz. cl.p., T(N,I) is the point of transparency [°C], γ1 is the rotational viscosity [mPa·s] at 20°C, K1 is the elastic constant [pN] for "splay" deformation at 20°C. K2 is the elastic constant [pN] for "twist" deformation at 20°C. K3 is the elastic constant [pN] for "bend" deformation at 20°C. K av. [pN] is the average elastic constant at 20°C, and in this specification...

number

[0624] Unless otherwise specified, all concentrations in this application are expressed in weight percent and, with respect to the entire corresponding mixture, include all solid or liquid crystal components but not solvents.

[0625] Unless otherwise specified, all temperature values ​​expressed in this application, such as the melting point T(C,N), the transition T(S,N) from the smectic (S) phase to the nematic (N) phase, and the transparency point T(N,I), are expressed in degrees Celsius (°C). Mp represents the melting point, and cl.p. represents the transparency point. Furthermore, C is the crystalline state, N is the nematic phase, S is the smectic phase, and I is the isotropic phase. The data between these symbols represents the transition temperature.

[0626] All physical properties are determined or have been determined in accordance with "Merck Liquid Crystals, Physical Properties of Liquid Crystals," November 1997, Merck AG, Germany. Unless otherwise specified, a temperature of 20°C is applied, Δn is determined at 589 nm, and Δε is determined at 1 kHz.

[0627] In this invention, the term "threshold voltage" refers to the capacitance threshold (V0), also known as the Frederick's threshold, unless otherwise specified. Furthermore, in the example, although generally typical, 10% relative contrast (V0) is used. 10 The optical threshold for ) may also be indicated.

[0628] Unless otherwise specified, the process of polymerizing polymerizable compounds in a PSA display is carried out at a temperature in which the LC medium exhibits a liquid crystal phase, preferably a nematic phase, and most preferably at room temperature, as described above and below.

[0629] Unless otherwise specified, the method for preparing test cells and measuring their electro-optical and other properties shall be as described below or similarly.

[0630] Unless otherwise specified, PSVA displays or PSVA test cells used for measuring tilt angle typically consist of two flat, parallel glass outer plates separated by approximately 4 μm, each having an electrode layer on the inside and a polyimide orientation layer on top, however, the two polyimide layers are rubbed antiparallel to each other, resulting in homeotropic edge orientation of liquid crystal molecules. PSVA displays or test cells have the same structure, but one or both polyimide layers are omitted.

[0631] Polymerizable compounds typically polymerize within a display or test cell by simultaneously applying a voltage to the display (usually 10V to 30V AC, 1kHz) and irradiating it with UV light of a specified intensity for a predetermined time.

[0632] The tilt angle is typically determined using an Axometrics Mueller matrix polarimeter, "AxoScan." In this specification, a low value (i.e., a large deviation from 90°) corresponds to a large tilt.

[0633] Unless otherwise specified, the term “tilt angle” refers to the angle between the LC director and the substrate, and “LC director” refers to the preferred orientation direction of the optical principal axis of LC molecules in a uniformly oriented layer of LC molecules. In the case of calamitic, uniaxial, positively birefringent LC molecules, it corresponds to their molecular long axis.

[0634] <Example 1> Nematic LC mixture N1 is formulated as follows:

[0635] [Table 73]

[0636] Mixture N1 contains the compound of formula IA1 and exhibits reduced viscosity.

[0637] [ka]

[0638] 100 ppm of stabilizer H-1-1-1 is added to mixture N1.

[0639] [ka]

[0640] <Example 2> Nematic LC mixture N2 is formulated as follows:

[0641] [Table 74]

[0642] 150 ppm of stabilizer ST-3a-1 is added to mixture N2.

[0643] [ka]

[0644] <Example 3> Nematic LC mixture N3 is formulated as follows:

[0645] [Table 75]

[0646] 150 ppm of stabilizer ST-3b-1 is added to mixture N5.

[0647] [ka]

[0648] <Example 4> Nematic LC mixture N4 is formulated as follows:

[0649] [Table 76]

[0650] 50 ppm of stabilizer H-2-1-1 is added to mixture N4.

[0651] [ka]

[0652] <Example 5> Nematic LC mixture N5 is formulated as follows:

[0653] [Table 77]

[0654] 100 ppm of stabilizer ST-8-1 is added to mixture N5.

[0655] [ka]

[0656] <Example 6> Nematic LC mixture N6 is formulated as follows:

[0657] [Table 78]

[0658] 50 ppm of stabilizer ST-9-1 is added to mixture N6.

[0659] [ka]

[0660] <Example 7> Nematic LC mixture N7 is formulated as follows:

[0661] [Table 79]

[0662] 50 ppm of stabilizer ST-12 is added to mixture N7.

[0663] [ka]

[0664] <Example 8> A polymerizable mixture is prepared by adding 0.3% polymerizable compound RM-171 and 100 ppm stabilizer ST-3a-1 to the mixture of Example 1.

[0665] [ka]

[0666] <Example 9> A polymerizable mixture is prepared by adding 0.3% polymerizable compound RM-171 and 100 ppm stabilizer ST-3a-1 to the mixture of Example 2.

[0667] <Example 10> A polymerizable mixture is prepared by adding 0.3% polymerizable compound RM-1 and 100 ppm stabilizer ST-3b-1 to the mixture of Example 1.

[0668] [ka]

[0669] <Example 11> A polymerizable mixture is prepared by adding 0.3% polymerizable compound RM-35 and 50 ppm stabilizer H-1-1-1 to the mixture of Example 3.

[0670] [ka]

[0671] <Example 12> A polymerizable mixture is prepared by adding 0.3% polymerizable compound RM-120 and 150 ppm stabilizer ST-9-1 to the mixture of Example 4.

[0672] [ka]

[0673] <Example 13> A polymerizable mixture is prepared by adding 0.3% polymerizable compound RM-142 and 150 ppm stabilizer ST-8-1 to the mixture of Example 5.

[0674] [ka]

[0675] <Example 14> A polymerizable mixture is prepared by adding 0.3% polymerizable compound RM-143 and 150 ppm stabilizer ST-3a-1 to the mixture of Example 7.

[0676] [ka]

[0677] <Example 15> A polymerizable mixture is prepared by adding 0.3% polymerizable compound RM-172 and 50 ppm stabilizer H-2-1-1 to the mixture of Example 6.

[0678] [ka]

[0679] <Example 16> A polymerizable mixture is prepared by adding 0.3% polymerizable compound RM-159 and 50 ppm stabilizer H-2-1-1 to the mixture of Example 2.

[0680] [ka]

[0681] <Example 17> A polymerizable mixture is prepared by adding 0.3% of the polymerizable compound RM-145 to the mixture of Example 1.

[0682] [ka]

[0683] <Example 18> A polymerizable mixture is prepared by adding 0.3% polymerizable compound RM-156 and 150 ppm stabilizer ST-8-1 to the mixture of Example 2.

[0684] [ka]

[0685] <Example 19> A polymerizable mixture is prepared by adding 0.35% polymerizable compound RM-162 and 50 ppm stabilizer H-2-1-1 to the mixture of Example 1.

[0686] [ka]

[0687] <Example 20> A polymerizable mixture is prepared by adding 0.4% polymerizable compound RM-58 and 150 ppm stabilizer ST-3b-1 to the mixture of Example 7.

[0688] [ka]

[0689] <Example 21> A polymerizable mixture is prepared by adding 0.3% polymerizable compound RM-160 and 150 ppm stabilizer ST-8-1 to the mixture of Example 6.

[0690] [ka]

[0691] <Example 22> A polymerizable mixture is prepared by adding 0.4% polymerizable compound RM-163 and 100 ppm stabilizer ST-9-1 to the mixture of Example 2.

[0692] [ka]

[0693] <Example 23> A polymerizable mixture is prepared by adding 0.4% polymerizable compound RM-64 and 150 ppm stabilizer ST-3b-1 to the mixture of Example 3.

[0694] [ka]

[0695] <Example 24> A polymerizable mixture is prepared by adding 0.4% polymerizable compound RM-169 and 100 ppm stabilizer ST-8-1 to the mixture of Example 2.

[0696] [ka]

[0697] <Example 25> A polymerizable mixture is prepared by adding 0.4% polymerizable compound RM-157 and 150 ppm stabilizer H-2-1-1 to the mixture of Example 4.

[0698] [ka]

[0699] <Example 26> A polymerizable mixture is prepared by adding 0.3% polymerizable compound RM-171, 0.1% polymerizable compound RM-1, and 150 ppm stabilizer ST-3a-1 to the mixture of Example 1.

[0700] <Example 27> A polymerizable mixture is prepared by adding 0.2% polymerizable compound RM-35, 0.2% polymerizable compound RM-1, and 100 ppm stabilizer ST-ba-1 to the mixture of Example 3.

[0701] <Example 28> A polymerizable mixture is prepared by adding 0.3% polymerizable compound RM-171, 0.1% polymerizable compound RM-64, and 100 ppm stabilizer H-2-1-1 to the mixture of Example 4.

[0702] <Example 29> A polymerizable mixture is prepared by adding 0.1% polymerizable compound RM-120, 0.3% polymerizable compound RM-1, and 150 ppm stabilizer H-1-1-1 to the mixture of Example 3.

[0703] <Example 30> A polymerizable mixture is prepared by adding 0.1% polymerizable compound RM-143, 0.3% polymerizable compound RM-1, and 150 ppm stabilizer ST-3a-1 to the mixture of Example 1.

[0704] <Example 31> A polymerizable mixture is prepared by adding 0.2% polymerizable compound RM-171, 0.2% polymerizable compound RM-120, and 150 ppm stabilizer ST-8-1 to the mixture of Example 4.

Claims

1. An LC medium having negative dielectric anisotropy and containing one or more compounds of formula IA. 【Chemistry 1】 (In the formula, each base is identical or different in each instance and has the following meanings independently of each other: R １Ａ This is an alkyl or alkoxy group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, provided that there is one or more non-adjacent CH groups. ２ The group is replaced with cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, or cyclopentyl. R ２Ａ This refers to a linear, branched, or cyclic alkyl group having 1 to 25 carbon atoms (provided that one or more non-adjacent CH4 atoms are present). ２ The group is such that the O and / or S atoms are not directly linked to each other independently, and is -O-, -S-, -CO-, -CO-O-, -O-CO-, -O-CO-O-, -CR ０ =CR ００ -, -C≡C-, 【Chemistry 2】 It may be replaced by, however, one or more H atoms may each be replaced by F or Cl. L １Ａ 、L ２Ａ is F, Cl, CF ３ or CHF ２ and Y is H, F, Cl, CF ３ CHF ２ or CH3, n is either 0 or 1.

2. The LC medium according to claim 1, characterized in that the compound of formula IA is selected from the following sub-formulas. 【Transformation 3】 【Chemistry 4】 (In the formula, "(O)" represents an oxygen atom or a single bond, and "alkyl" represents an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms.)

3. The LC medium according to claim 1, further comprising one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of compounds of formulas IIA, IIB, IIC, and IID. 【Transformation 5】 (In the formula, each base is identical or different in each instance and has the following meanings independently of each other: R ２１ and R ２２ This is an alkyl, alkoxy, or alkenyl group having H and up to 15 C atoms, and the group is unsubstituted or F, Cl, CN, or CF ３ It is monosubstituted, but in addition, one or more CH groups are present in these groups. ２ The groups are -O-, -S-, -C≡C-, -CF such that the O and / or S atoms are not directly linked to each other. ２ O-, -OCF ２ -, -CO-O-, -O-CO-, 【Transformation 6】 It may be replaced by R in formula IID. ２１ Unlike cyclic alkyl or alkoxy, L １ ~L ４ F, Cl, CF ３ or CHF ２ And, Y is H, F, Cl, CF ３ CHF ２ or CH ３ And, Z ２ Z ２ This is a single bond, -CH ２ CH ２ -, -CH=CH-, -CF ２ O-, -OCF ２ -ien-CH ２ O-, -OCH ２ -, -COO-, -OCO-, -C ２ F ４ -, -CF=CF-, -CH=CHCH ２ It is O-, p is 0, 1 or 2, and q is either 0 or 1, However, in formula IID, Z ２ and Z ２ When R represents a single bond, ２１ (This is different from cyclic alkyl or alkoxy.)

4. The LC medium according to claim 1, characterized by further comprising one or more compounds selected from the group of compounds of formula IV-1 to IV-4. 【Transformation 7】 (In the formula, alkyl and alkyl' independently represent alkyl groups having 1 to 7 carbon atoms. alkenyl represents an alkenyl group having 2 to 5 carbon atoms. 'alkenyl' represents an alkenyl group having 2 to 5 carbon atoms, and Alkoxy represents an alkoxy molecule containing 1 to 5 carbon atoms.

5. The LC medium according to claim 1, characterized by containing one or more compounds of formula V. 【Transformation 8】 (In the formula, R ５１ and R ５２ Each of these independently represents an alkyl, alkoxy, or alkenyl group having H and up to 15 C atoms, and the group is either unsubstituted or F, Cl, CN, or CF ３ It is monosubstituted with or at least monosubstituted with a halogen, in addition to one or more CH groups in these groups ２ The groups are formed so that the oxygen atoms are not directly bonded to each other, such as -O-, -S-, -C≡C-, and -CF. ２ O-, -OCF ２ -, -OC-O-, -O-CO-, 【Chemistry 9】 It can be replaced with, 【Chemistry 10】 Z ５１ Z ５２ Each of them is independently of the other -CH ２ -CH ２ -ien-CH ２ -O-, -CH=CH-, -C≡C-, -COO- or single bond, and n is either 1 or 2.

6. The LC medium according to claim 1, characterized by further comprising one or more additives selected from the group consisting of polymerizable compounds, stabilizers, chiral dopants, polymerization initiators, and self-orienting additives.

7. A method for preparing an LC medium according to claim 1, comprising the step of mixing one or more compounds of formula IA as defined in claim 1 with one or more further LC compounds and optionally one or more additives.

8. An LC display comprising an LC medium as defined in claim 1.

9. VA, IPS, FFS, UB-FFS, or UV ２ The LC display according to claim 8, characterized in that it is an A-mode LC display.

10. A method for an energy-saving LC display, comprising an LC medium as described in claim 1, or an LC display comprising an LC medium as defined in claim 1.

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