Modular system for detecting, tracking, and transmitting to identified objects

Abstract

To provide a modular system for detecting, tracking, and transmitting to identified objects.SOLUTION: A modular, radio frequency ("RF") system includes one or more directional antennas and is configured with both hardware and software components to enable the RF system to monitor (e.g., detect or track signals or objects) and / or interact with (e.g., track signals or objects, or transmit signals) objects in particular directions. The RF system includes one or more machine learning models to determine, based on received signals, one or more signals to transmit.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1A

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] (CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS) This application is a continuation of the following: U.S. Patent Application No. 18 / 051743, filed November 1, 2022; U.S. Patent Application No. 18 / 051801, filed November 1, 2022; U.S. Patent Application No. 17 / 978736, filed November 1, 2022; U.S. Patent Application No. 17 / 978822, filed November 1, 2022; U.S. Patent Application No. 17 / 978701, filed November 1, 2022; U.S. Patent Application No. 17 / 978807, filed November 1, 2022; U.S. Patent Application No. 17 / 978868, filed November 1, 2022; and U.S. Patent Application No. 17 / 978821, filed November 1, 2022. Each of the above-listed applications claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 365115, filed May 20, 2022, and U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 420247, filed October 28, 2022. The entire disclosure of each of the above items is considered part of this specification and is incorporated by reference for all purposes as if fully set forth herein.

[0002] Any applications for which foreign or domestic priority is identified in an Application Data Sheet filed with this application are hereby incorporated by reference for all purposes and for all that they contain, under 37 CFR 1.57.

[0003] Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to modular directional transceiver systems and methods for detecting, tracking, and / or transmitting to identified objects. Embodiments of the present disclosure further relate to devices, systems, and methods for locating or identifying objects in three-dimensional space, tracking the movement or location of objects, determining properties associated with one or more signals emanating from or near the objects, and generating and transmitting one or more signals in the direction of the objects. [Background technology]

[0004] The approaches described in this section are approaches that could be pursued, but not necessarily approaches that have been previously conceived or pursued. Thus, unless otherwise indicated, it should not be assumed that any of the approaches described in this section qualify as prior art merely by virtue of their inclusion in this section.

[0005] A radio frequency ("RF") system may provide monitoring and / or transmission functionality for a particular radio frequency. Such an RF system may generally include an omnidirectional antenna and may be configured to either transmit or receive the particular radio frequency. Summary of the Invention [Means for solving the problem]

[0006] The systems, methods, and devices described herein each have several aspects, no single one of which is solely responsible for its desirable attributes. Without limiting the scope of the disclosure, some non-limiting features will now be briefly described.

[0007] To monitor a surrounding area, multiple specialized devices can be deployed to identify objects, track objects, and transmit signals toward them. Conventional devices and, if applicable, their associated software components are typically manufactured and / or programmed for only one function or purpose and may be limited to such pre-configured functionality. These conventional systems cannot be easily adjusted, and in some cases, they cannot be adjusted at all. For example, if a system can monitor over a particular RF range, the system cannot be easily updated to monitor additional RF ranges without significant cost or effort (e.g., new hardware, software rewrites, and / or the like). Such systems also cannot be moved around or deployed in new locations or orientations without testing, calibration, new hardware, and the like. Furthermore, such systems may utilize omnidirectional antennas that simultaneously illuminate or receive from many directions, which may eliminate the opportunity to target signal transmissions in specific directions and may have high power requirements.

[0008] The systems, methods, and devices of the present disclosure (generally and collectively referred to herein as "RF systems") may overcome one or more of these disadvantages and may include modular, adaptable, and portable systems that can be updated and / or reprogrammed to perform multiple or different purposes and functions.

[0009] The hardware components of the described radio frequency (“RF”) systems may include one or more directional wideband antennas, one or more module enclosures, one or more processing modules, and one or more RF modules, among other hardware components described in more detail herein. The one or more directional antennas may be physically positioned and configured to transmit or receive in one or more specific directions at variable power levels and frequencies, such that the antennas may collectively provide greater directionality and sensitivity in some directions than in other directions. The hardware components of the described systems may also include a direction finder, also referred to herein as a radio direction finder or direction-finding antenna. A direction finder can use reception of radio waves to determine the direction in which an object is located. In various embodiments, the source of the transmission may be located (e.g., via triangulation or other similar means) by combining directional information from multiple sources (e.g., one or more other direction finders, other systems, or directional wideband antennas in the area, and / or the like). In various embodiments, each directional antenna and its associated electronic circuitry can operate independently and in a coordinated manner with other directional antennas. The antennas can also be configured with automated or manual adjustment capabilities for the vertical angle so that the antenna can be adjusted to point more downward toward the ground or more upward toward the sky.

[0010] RF systems are advantageously modular, enabling multiple configurations for various applications. The modularity of RF systems can be found in both a particular RF system that can operate independently (including in cooperation with one or more additional systems or sensors) and multiple RF systems that can operate in cooperation with one another (including in cooperation with one or more additional systems or sensors). For example, an RF system can be implemented with one module enclosure, two module enclosures, or more module enclosures. In embodiments with two or more module enclosures, the module enclosures of the RF system may be joined together by one or more mating enclosures. Thus, in some implementations, an RF system may include two stacked module enclosures joined together by a mating enclosure. In various implementations, the RF system may further include components for mounting the RF system, such as one or more mounts, clips, slides, pins, and / or the like. Advantageously, given its modularity, the RF system can be appropriately configured for a given application and mounted on a tripod, vehicle, building, and / or the like.

[0011] Each module enclosure may house one or more processing modules, one or more RF modules, and one or more power supply modules, as described herein. In various embodiments, a single module enclosure can be connected to two directional wideband antennas, and the antennas can be installed in a single location, or the antennas can be installed a distance apart from each other (e.g., 5, 10, 100 feet apart) and connected to the same module enclosure. In various embodiments, the RF modules can include power amplifier technology and positioning, navigation, and timing (“PNT”) capabilities (which in some implementations may be provided within a direction finder).

[0012] In various embodiments, the processing module may include a machine learning component that may be used to assist the RF system in detecting and / or identifying one or more RF signals captured by a connected antenna. For example, the machine learning component may implement machine learning (“ML”) algorithms, artificial intelligence (“AI”) algorithms, and / or any other type of algorithm (generally and collectively referred to herein as “AI / ML algorithms,” “AI / ML models,” or simply “ML algorithms,” “ML models,” and / or the like) that may implement models, e.g., executed by one or more processors. Having an ML model identify RF signals may advantageously provide a significant improvement over conventional systems because many detected signals may contain some level of interference, be relatively weak, difficult to detect, or otherwise difficult to identify due to other factors. In various embodiments, the machine learning component may use one or more machine learning algorithms to implement one or more models or parameter functions for detection / identification. The machine learning component can be configured to apply a model that can help detect a type of RF signal (e.g., a range of RF signals, a particular frequency or combination of frequencies, and / or the like) that is indicative of a type of object. Thus, the model can be applied by the RF system to received or captured RF signals for identification purposes. For example, in various embodiments, the RF system's machine learning model can be trained by (1) raw signal sampling, (2) application of the trained model, and / or (3) outputting classes and probabilities (e.g., associated with the type of object). Then, for example, the processing module can (3) identify the type of object based on the output of the classes and probabilities. Also, in various embodiments, application of the trained machine learning model can include a preliminary step of (0) filtering baseline signals and / or benign signals.

[0013] In various embodiments, the RF system (e.g., via one or more processing modules and / or one or more RF modules) can use the identified object type (e.g., output from the applied machine learning model) to generate one or more new signals and transmit the new signals using one or more directional antennas. The new signals may be transmitted in the direction of the identified signal or one or more objects. Generating signals based on the identified signal can advantageously be beneficial due to increased power efficiency / optimization. For example, instead of transmitting signals within an entire frequency band, only signals within a specific frequency or narrow range of frequencies can be transmitted instead, thereby increasing power efficiency and / or signal power and allowing for greater reach.

[0014] In various embodiments, there may be other sensors or systems (including, for example, other RF systems in the area) connected to the RF system that may provide additional data that may be used, among other functions, to (1) further train the machine learning model, (2) assist the RF system in continuing to track or initiating tracking of an object or signal, and / or (3) generate and transmit, or continue to generate and transmit, a specific signal in the direction of the object.

[0015] In various embodiments, the RF system may include many other advantageous properties, features, functionality, and / or aspects, including, for example, a configurable antenna mount that can be deployed without tools and that can enable adjustment of the angle of the directional antenna, a physical modular configuration and materials that efficiently dissipate heat from the system's components and enable the RF system to operate in high temperature and / or extreme environments, e.g., a physical modular configuration that provides components with physical protection for use in dirty or extreme environments, and / or electromagnetic interference ("EMI") shielding for the RF system's components, among others described herein.

[0016] Additionally, according to various embodiments, various interactive graphical user interfaces can be provided to enable various types of users to interact with the systems and methods described herein, for example, to generate, review, and / or modify data captured or used by one or more RF systems or connected systems.

[0017] The interactive and dynamic user interfaces described herein are made possible by innovations in efficient interaction between the user interface and underlying systems and components. For example, disclosed herein are improved methods for receiving user inputs, translating and delivering those inputs to various system components, automatically and dynamically executing complex processes in response to input delivery, automatically interacting between the various components and processes of the system, and automatically and dynamically updating the user interface. Data interaction and presentation via the interactive user interfaces described herein may therefore provide cognitive and ergonomic efficiencies and advantages over previous systems.

[0018] Thus, in various embodiments, large amounts of data may be automatically and dynamically collected and analyzed in response to user input and configuration, and the analyzed data may be efficiently presented to a user. Thus, in some embodiments, the systems, devices, configuration capabilities, graphical user interfaces, and the like described herein are more efficient than previous systems and / or the like.

[0019] Various embodiments of the present disclosure provide improvements to various technologies and technical fields and practical applications of various technical features and advances. For example, as described above, some existing systems are limited in various respects, and various embodiments of the present disclosure provide significant improvements over such systems and practical applications of such improvements. In addition, various embodiments of the present disclosure are inseparably linked to and provide practical applications of computer technology. In particular, various embodiments rely on specialized hardware and software components located in specific locations to improve energy and processing efficiency. Such features and others are inextricably linked to and enabled by computer technology, artificial intelligence, and digital signal technology, and would not exist without computer technology, artificial intelligence, and digital signal technology. For example, the RF systems, processing modules, RF modules, and signal detection, generation, and transmission functionality, and interaction with detected objects / signals, described herein with reference to various embodiments cannot reasonably be performed by humans alone, without computers and the technology upon which they are implemented. Furthermore, implementation of various embodiments of the present disclosure via computer technology enables many of the advantages described herein, including more efficient interaction with and analysis of various types of electronic data and the like.

[0020] Various combinations of the above- and below-listed features, embodiments, and aspects are also disclosed and contemplated by the present disclosure.

[0021] Additional embodiments of the present disclosure are described below with reference to the appended claims, which may serve as additional explanation of the present disclosure.

[0022] In various embodiments, systems and / or computer systems are disclosed that include a computer-readable storage medium having program instructions embodied therewith and one or more processors configured to execute the program instructions and cause the system and / or computer system to perform operations that comprise one or more aspects of the embodiments described above and / or below (including one or more aspects of the appended claims).

[0023] In various embodiments, computer-implemented methods are disclosed in which one or more aspects of the embodiments described above and / or below (including one or more aspects of the appended claims) are implemented and / or performed by one or more processors executing program instructions.

[0024] In various embodiments, a computer program product is disclosed that comprises a computer-readable storage medium having program instructions embodied therewith, the program instructions being executable by one or more processors to cause the one or more processors to perform operations comprising one or more aspects of the embodiments described above and / or below (including one or more aspects of the appended claims). The present invention provides, for example, the following items. (Item 1) 1. A system for monitoring objects surrounding an area, the system comprising: a first RF system, one or more first antennas positioned to face in a first direction; a first processing module in communication with the one or more first antennas, the first processing module comprising: a computer-readable storage medium comprising program instructions and a machine learning model, the machine learning model being trained to identify a type of object associated with a first set of RF signals; one or more first processors, the one or more first processors executing first program instructions, to provide the first RF system with: collecting a first set of RF signal data associated with a first object using the one or more first antennas; applying the machine learning model to identify an object type associated with the first object; generating and transmitting, using the one or more first antennas, a second set of RF signals that differ from the first set of RF signals based at least in part on a type of the object; transmitting, to a second RF system, a data packet associated with the second set of RF signals based on determining that the first object is moving away from the first direction and toward a second direction corresponding to a second one or more antennas; one or more first processors configured to cause a first processing module comprising: a first RF system comprising: a second RF system, one or more second antennas positioned to face the second direction different from the first direction; a second processing module in communication with the one or more second antennas and comprising a second one or more processors, the second one or more processors executing second program instructions to provide the second RF system with: receiving the data packet from the first RF system; generating and transmitting a second set of the RF signals using the one or more second antennas; a second processing module configured to cause a second RF system comprising: A system comprising: (Item 2) Item 10. The system of item 1, wherein the first one or more antennas and the second one or more antennas are directional, wideband, or both. (Item 3) 3. The system of claim 1, wherein the first direction and the second direction are both directed outward from the area. (Item 4) Item 4. The system of item 3, wherein the area corresponds to a building or multiple buildings. (Item 5) 5. The system of any of items 1-4, wherein the transmission of the second set of RF signals by the one or more first antennas is transmitted in the first direction. (Item 6) 6. The system of any of items 1-5, wherein the transmission of the second set of RF signals by the one or more second antennas is transmitted in the second direction. (Item 7) The one or more first processors execute the first program instructions to provide the first RF system with: reducing a power output of transmissions of the second set of RF signals by the first one or more antennas for a period of time in response to determining that the first object is moving out of the first direction and in the second direction. 7. The system according to any one of items 1 to 6, configured as follows: (Item 8) The one or more second processors execute the first program instructions to provide the second RF system with: increasing a power output of transmission of the second set of RF signals by the second antenna for the period in response to receiving the data packet. Item 8. The system according to item 7, configured as follows: (Item 9) 9. The system of any of items 1-8, wherein the object has a velocity. (Item 10) 10. The system of any of items 1-9, wherein the one or more first antennas include a first antenna that irradiates or receives signals across an area that is between 80 degrees and 110 degrees in a direction in which the first antenna is configured to point. (Item 11) 11. The system of any of items 1-10, wherein the one or more first antennas comprise two, three, or four antennas. (Item 12) 12. The system of any of items 1-11, wherein the one or more first antennas are configured to be adjustable for an angle of elevation or inclination relative to a plane in which the first RF system is parked. (Item 13) The first processing module further comprises: one or more graphical processing units (GPUs) configured to execute the machine learning model; 13. The system according to any one of items 1-12, comprising: (Item 14) 1. A computer-implemented method with a first RF system having one or more hardware processors that execute program instructions, comprising: receiving a first set of RF signals via one or more directional antennas; applying a machine learning model to identify a type of object associated with the first set of RF signals; generating and transmitting a second set of RF signals different from the first set of RF signals based at least in part on the type of the object; transmitting, to a second RF system, a data packet associated with the second set of RF signals based on determining that the first object is moving away from the first direction and toward a second direction corresponding to a second one or more antennas; A method comprising: (Item 15) Item 15. The computer-implemented method of item 14, wherein the second RF system is configured to receive the data packets and cause transmission of the second set of RF signals. (Item 16) Item 16. The computer-implemented method of item 14 or item 15, wherein the second set of RF signals is transmitted via one or more directional antennas. (Item 17) Item 17. The computer-implemented method of item 16, wherein the one or more directional antennas include a first set of directional antennas associated with the first RF system and a second set of directional antennas associated with the second RF system. (Item 18) Item 18. The computer-implemented method of item 17, wherein the first set of directional antennas is generally oriented in a first direction and the second set of directional antennas is generally oriented in a second direction different from the first direction. (Item 19) 1. A system comprising: a computer-readable storage medium having program instructions embodied therein; and one or more processors configured to execute the program instructions and cause the system to perform the computer-implemented method of any of items 14-18; and A system comprising: (Item 20) 19. A computer program product comprising a computer-readable storage medium having program instructions embodied therewith, the program instructions being executable by one or more processors to cause the one or more processors to perform the computer-implemented method of any of items 14-18. (Item 21) 1. A modular RF system comprising: a first module enclosure configured to house a first plurality of modules; one or more antennas coupled to the module enclosure on one or more exterior surfaces of the module enclosure, the one or more antennas configured to receive RF signals and to transmit RF signals; a first channel extending from a bottom portion of the first module enclosure, through an interior portion of the first module enclosure, to a top portion of the first module enclosure; a first one or more heat sinks positioned within the first channel and thermally coupled to the first plurality of modules; and at least one fan, the at least one fan being positioned at a top or bottom of the first module enclosure and configured to move air through the first channel and the first one or more heat sinks; A modular RF system comprising: (Item 22) a direction finder coupled to an external surface of the RF system and configured to communicate with at least one of the first plurality of modules, receive RF signals, and provide direction finding information to at least one of the first plurality of modules. 22. The modular RF system of claim 21, further comprising: (Item 23) 23. The modular RF system of claim 21 or 22, wherein the one or more antennas comprise a first two antennas, the first two antennas in electrical communication with at least two of the first plurality of modules. (Item 24) a second module enclosure configured to house a second plurality of modules and coupled to the first module enclosure; and a second channel extending from a bottom portion of the second module enclosure, through an interior portion of the second module enclosure, to a top portion of the second module enclosure, the second channel aligned with the first channel; a second one or more heat sinks positioned within the first channel and thermally coupled to the first plurality of modules; and Furthermore, the at least one fan is configured to move air through the first and second channels and through the first and second one or more heat sinks; 24. The modular RF system according to any one of items 21-23. (Item 25) 25. The modular RF system of claim 24, wherein the one or more antennas comprise four antennas, two of the four antennas in electrical communication with at least two of the first plurality of modules, and two other of the four antennas in electrical communication with at least two of the second plurality of modules. (Item 26) 26. The modular RF system of claim 24 or 25, wherein the second module enclosure is coupled to the first module enclosure via a joining enclosure. (Item 27) an upper enclosure with an air vent; A lower enclosure with air vents 27. The modular RF system of any of items 21-26, further comprising: (Item 28) Item 28. The modular RF system of item 27, wherein a first fan is positioned within the upper enclosure and a second fan is positioned within the lower enclosure. (Item 29) 29. The modular RF system of any of items 21-28, wherein the first plurality of modules includes at least one of a power supply module, an RF module, or a processing module. (Item 30) 30. The modular RF system of any of items 21-29, wherein the first plurality of modules are housed within a peripheral portion of the first module enclosure configured to surround the first channel and hermetically seal the first plurality of modules within the peripheral portion. (Item 31) 31. The modular RF system of any of items 21-30, wherein the one or more antennas comprise a wide bandwidth directional antenna. (Item 32) each of the one or more antennas radiates or receives greater power in a specific direction; the one or more antennas are configured to operate independently; each of the one or more antennas configured to operate in coordination with one or more others of the one or more antennas; 32. The modular RF system according to any one of items 21-31. (Item 33) 33. The modular RF system of any of items 21-32, wherein the one or more antennas include a first antenna that irradiates or receives signals over an area that is between 80 degrees and 110 degrees in a direction that the first antenna is configured to point. (Item 34) 34. The modular RF system of any of items 21-33, wherein the one or more antennas comprise two, three, or four antennas. (Item 35) 35. The modular RF system of any of items 21-34, wherein the one or more antennas are configured to be adjustable for an angle of elevation or inclination relative to a plane on which the modular RF system is parked. (Item 36) 36. The modular RF system of any of items 21-35, wherein the first plurality of modules comprises at least a power supply module, two RF modules, and a processing module. (Item 37) Item 37. The modular RF system of item 36, wherein the power supply module is configured to provide power to at least the two RF modules and the processing module. (Item 38) 38. The modular RF system of claim 36 or 37, wherein each individual one of the two RF modules is in electrical communication with a respective one of the one or more antennas, and each of the two RF modules is in electrical communication with the processing module and is configured with at least a multiplexer, a receive amplifier, and a transmit amplifier. (Item 39) Each of the RF modules comprises: receiving an RF signal from an antenna of the one or more antennas; amplifying, filtering, and / or limiting the received RF signal; providing the amplified, filtered, and / or limited received RF signal to the processing module; 39. The modular RF system of any of items 36-38, configured to: (Item 40) Each of the RF modules comprises: receiving an RF signal from the processing module; amplifying, filtering, and / or limiting the received RF signal; transmitting the amplified, filtered, and / or limited received RF signal via an antenna of the one or more antennas; 40. The modular RF system of any of items 36-39, configured to: (Item 41) The processing module includes: receiving an RF signal; processing the RF signal; determining an RF signal for transmission based on the processed RF signal; and generating an RF signal for transmission; causing transmission of the generated RF signal; 41. The modular RF system of any of items 36-40, configured to: (Item 42) 42. The modular RF system of any of items 36-41, wherein the processing module comprises at least a processor, a graphics processing unit (GPU), a software-defined radio (SDR) transceiver, and a storage device. (Item 43) An antenna mount for an RF system, the antenna mount comprising: a first coupling feature positioned within a track on a side of the RF system, the first coupling feature being slidably movable within the track; and an antenna bracket coupled to the first coupling feature, the coupling between the antenna bracket and the first coupling feature providing a first pivot point, an antenna coupled to the antenna bracket; and a fixed mounting portion on a side of the RF system; a second coupling feature coupled to the fixed mount, the coupling between the fixed mount and the second coupling feature providing a second pivot point, the second coupling feature coupled to the antenna bracket providing a third pivot point; An antenna mounting section comprising: (Item 44) Item 44. The antenna mount of item 43, wherein the first coupling feature is configured to slide along the track to provide a target angle for the antenna by movement of the first, second, and third pivot points. (Item 45) Item 45. The antenna mounting portion of item 43 or 44, wherein the antenna bracket is coupled to the first coupling feature by insertion of the first locking portion of the antenna bracket into the receiving locking portion of the first coupling feature at a first angle, and then rotation of the antenna bracket causes engagement between the first locking portion and the receiving locking portion. (Item 46) 46. ​​The antenna mount of any of items 43-45, wherein the second coupling feature is coupled to the fixed mount using a locking pin. (Item 47) 47. The antenna mount of any of items 43-46, wherein the first coupling feature is releasably locked into position on the track using a locking component. (Item 48) 1. A method for mounting an antenna in an RF system, the method comprising: providing a first coupling feature of an antenna mount within a track on a side of the RF system, the first coupling feature being slidably movable within the track; providing a fixed mounting portion on a side of the RF system; coupling an antenna bracket to the first coupling feature, the coupling between the antenna bracket and the first coupling feature providing a first pivot point, and an antenna coupled to the antenna bracket; coupling a second coupling feature of the antenna mount to the fixed mount, the coupling between the fixed mount and the second coupling feature providing a second pivot point, the second coupling feature being coupled to the antenna bracket and providing a third pivot point; sliding the first coupling feature along the track to provide a target angle for the antenna by movement of the first, second, and third pivot points; A method comprising: (Item 49) Item 49. The method of item 48, wherein coupling the antenna bracket to the first coupling feature includes inserting a first locking portion of the antenna bracket into a receiving locking portion of the first coupling feature at a first angle, and then rotating the antenna bracket to engage the first locking portion with the receiving locking portion. (Item 50) 50. The method of claim 48 or 49, wherein the second coupling feature is coupled to the fixed mounting portion using a locking pin. (Item 51) locking the first coupling feature in place on the track using a locking component. 51. The method of any of items 48-50, further comprising: (Item 52) 1. An RF transceiver system comprising: a first module enclosure, a first interior portion, the first interior portion comprising a first cavity that is open at a top and a bottom of the first module enclosure portion; a first peripheral portion, the first peripheral portion surrounding the first cavity and configured to support a first one or more modules; a first module enclosure comprising: a first one or more heat sinks positioned within the first interior portion of the first module enclosure; a first one or more thermal interfaces on at least one wall of the first interior portion of the first module enclosure, the first one or more thermal interfaces configured to provide thermal coupling between the first one or more heat sinks and the first one or more modules; a first fan configured to move air through the first cavity and the first one or more heat sinks; An RF transceiver system comprising: (Item 53) Item 53. The RF transceiver system of item 52, wherein the first one or more modules include at least one of a power supply module, an RF module, or a processing module. (Item 54) 54. The RF transceiver system of claim 52 or 53, wherein the first one or more modules each include a housing made of a thermally conductive material. (Item 55) 55. An RF transceiver system as described in any of items 52-54, wherein each of the first one or more thermal interfaces comprises a thermally conductive material. (Item 56) 56. The RF transceiver system of any of items 52-55, wherein the first module enclosure is configured to hermetically seal the first one or more modules within the first peripheral portion. (Item 57) a lower enclosure coupled to a bottom of the first module enclosure and supporting the first fan, the lower enclosure including one or more vents through which air may flow; 57. The RF transceiver system of any of items 52-56, further comprising: (Item 58) a second fan configured to move air through the first cavity and the first one or more heat sinks; 58. The RF transceiver system of any of items 52-57, further comprising: (Item 59) an upper enclosure supporting the second fan, the upper enclosure including one or more vents through which air may flow; Item 59. The RF transceiver system of item 58, further comprising: (Item 60) a second module enclosure, a second interior portion, the second interior portion comprising a second cavity that opens at a top and a bottom of the second module enclosure portion; a second peripheral portion surrounding the second cavity and configured to support a second one or more modules; a second module enclosure comprising: a second one or more heat sinks positioned within the second interior portion of the second module enclosure; and a second one or more thermal interfaces on at least one wall of the second interior portion of the second module enclosure and configured to provide thermal coupling between the second one or more heat sinks and the second one or more modules; Item 60. The RF transceiver system of item 59, further comprising: (Item 61) Item 61. The RF transceiver system of item 60, wherein the first module enclosure is coupled to the second module enclosure and provides matching between the first cavity and the second cavity. (Item 62) Item 62. The RF transceiver system of item 61, wherein the upper enclosure is coupled to a top of the second module enclosure. (Item 63) a plug located within the opening between the first one or more heat sinks and directing airflow through the first one or more heat sinks. 63. The RF transceiver system of any of items 52-62, further comprising: (Item 64) 1. A method for thermal management of an RF system, the method comprising: providing one or more heat sinks on an interior portion of the RF system, the interior portion comprising a cavity within a module enclosure portion of the RF system that is open at a top and a bottom of the module enclosure portion; providing thermal coupling between the one or more heat sinks and one or more modules via a thermal interface on the interior portion of the RF system, the one or more modules including at least one of a power supply module, an RF module, or a processing module; providing at least a first fan configured to draw air through the cavity and the one or more heat sinks to draw heat from the one or more modules; a thermal management method comprising: (Item 65) Item 65. The method of item 64, wherein the one or more modules are positioned within a peripheral portion of the module enclosure surrounding the cavity. (Item 66) Item 66. The method of item 65, wherein the one or more modules are hermetically sealed within the peripheral portion of the module enclosure. (Item 67) 67. The method of any of items 64-66, wherein the first fan is positioned within at least one of an upper portion of the RF system or a lower portion of the RF system. (Item 68) at least a second fan configured to draw air through the cavity and the one or more heat sinks to draw heat from the one or more modules; 68. The method of any of items 64-67, further comprising: (Item 69) Item 69. The method of item 68, wherein the first fan is positioned within at least one of an upper portion of the RF system or a lower portion of the RF system, and the second fan is positioned within at least one different one of the upper portion of the RF system or the lower portion of the RF system. (Item 70) 70. The method of any of items 64-69, wherein the first and second fans are configured to draw air through the cavity in the same direction. (Item 71) 71. The method of any of items 64-70, wherein the first and second fans are configured to draw air from a lower portion of the RF system to an upper portion of the RF system. (Item 72) activating at least the first and second fans. 72. The method of any of items 64-71, further comprising: (Item 73) activating at least the first fan. 73. The method of any of items 64-72, further comprising: (Item 74) providing a second one or more heat sinks on a second interior portion of the RF system, the second interior portion comprising a second cavity within a second module enclosure portion of the RF system, the second cavity opening at a top and a bottom of the second module enclosure portion; providing thermal coupling between the second one or more heat sinks and second one or more modules via a thermal interface on the second interior portion of the RF system, the second one or more modules including at least one of a power supply module, an RF module, or a processing module; further comprising the second module enclosure portion is coupled to the first module enclosure portion such that at least the first fan is configured to draw air through both the cavity, the one or more heat sinks, the second cavity, and the second one or more heat sinks to draw heat from the one or more modules and the second one or more modules, providing matching between the cavity and the second cavity; 74. The method according to any one of items 64-73. (Item 75) Item 75. The method of item 74, wherein the second one or more modules are positioned within a peripheral portion of the second module enclosure surrounding the second cavity. (Item 76) providing a plug within the opening between said one or more heat sinks to direct airflow through said one or more heat sinks; 75. The method of any of items 64-74, further comprising: (Item 77) 1. A system comprising: a first directional antenna; a first RF module in communication with the first directional antenna; a first processing module in communication with the first RF module; The system comprises: receiving a first RF signal via the first directional antenna and the first RF module; processing the first RF signal using the first processing module; generating a second RF signal using the first processing module; transmitting the second RF signal via the first RF module and the first directional antenna; A system configured to: (Item 78) a second directional antenna; and a second RF module in communication with the second directional antenna; Furthermore, the first processing module in communication with the second RF module; The system further comprises: receiving the first RF signal via the second directional antenna and the second RF module; Item 78. The system of item 77, configured as follows: (Item 79) The system further comprises: Transmitting the second RF signal via the second RF module and the second directional antenna. Item 79. The system of item 78, configured as follows: (Item 80) The system further comprises: Selectively transmitting the second RF signal at variable power via both the first RF module and first directional antenna and the second RF module and second directional antenna. Item 79. The system of item 79, configured as follows: (Item 81) third and fourth directional antennas; third and fourth RF modules in communication with the respective third and fourth directional antennas; a second processing module in communication with the third and fourth RF modules; and the system further comprises: receiving the first RF signal via the third directional antenna and the third RF module, and via the fourth directional antenna and the fourth RF module; Item 81. The system of item 80, configured as follows: (Item 82) The system further comprises: Transmitting the second RF signal via the third directional antenna and the third RF module, and via the fourth directional antenna and the fourth RF module. Item 82. The system of item 81, configured as follows: (Item 83) The system further comprises: selectively transmitting the second RF signal at variable power through all of the first RF module and first directional antenna, the second RF module and second directional antenna, the third RF module and third directional antenna, and the fourth RF module and fourth directional antenna. Item 83. The system of item 82, configured as follows: (Item 84) Item 82. The system of item 81, wherein the first and second processing modules are configured to communicate with and cooperate with each other. (Item 85) 85. The system of any of items 77-84, wherein the RF module comprises at least a multiplexer, a receive amplifier, and a transmit amplifier. (Item 86) 86. The system of any of items 77-85, wherein the processing module comprises at least a processor, a graphics processing unit (GPU), a software-defined radio (SDR) transceiver, and a storage device. (Item 87) a power supply module in electrical communication with the first RF module and the processing module; 87. The system of any of items 77-86, further comprising: (Item 88) 1. A method of assembling an RF system, the method comprising: providing a module enclosure; providing one or more modules within the module enclosure, the one or more modules including at least one of a power supply module, an RF module, or a processing module; providing one or more heat sinks within an interior portion of the module enclosure and thermally coupled to the one or more modules; coupling upper and lower enclosures to the module enclosure, each of the upper and lower enclosures including a respective fan; providing a communication link and a power connection between said one or more modules; A method comprising: (Item 89) coupling one or more antennas to an exterior portion of the module enclosure; providing a communication link between said one or more antennas and one or more of said one or more modules; Item 89. The method of item 88, further comprising: (Item 90) Mounting the RF system so that the upper enclosure is oriented above the RF system. Item 89. The method of item 89, further comprising: (Item 91) 1. A method of assembling an RF system, the method comprising: providing a first module enclosure; providing a first one or more modules within the first module enclosure, the first one or more modules including at least one of a power supply module, an RF module, or a processing module; providing a first one or more heat sinks in an interior portion of the first module enclosure and thermally coupled to the first one or more modules; providing a second module enclosure; providing a second one or more modules within the second module enclosure, the second one or more modules including at least one of a power supply module, an RF module, or a processing module; providing a second one or more heat sinks in an interior portion of the second module enclosure and thermally coupled to the second one or more modules; coupling the first module enclosure to the second module enclosure using a mating enclosure; coupling an upper enclosure to the first module enclosure, the upper enclosure including a fan; coupling a lower enclosure to the second module enclosure, the lower enclosure including a fan; providing a communication link and a power connection between said first and second one or more modules; A method comprising: (Item 92) coupling one or more antennas to an exterior portion of at least one of the first module enclosure or the second module enclosure; providing a communication link between the one or more antennas and one or more of the first one or more modules and the second one or more modules; Item 92. The method of item 91, further comprising: (Item 93) Item 93. The method of item 92, further comprising mounting the RF system so that the upper enclosure is oriented above the RF system. (Item 94) 1. A computer-implemented method for applying a machine learning model to identify one or more RF signals, the computer-implemented method comprising, by one or more hardware processors executing program instructions: receiving raw RF signal data through two or more directional antennas, the two or more directional antennas configured to be selectably activated; sampling the raw RF signal data; inputting the sampled RF signal data into a machine learning model; identifying a type of object based on output from the machine learning model; and 11. A computer-implemented method comprising: (Item 95) by said one or more hardware processors executing program instructions; selecting one or both of the two or more directional antennas for receiving the raw RF signal for activation, wherein the two or more directional antennas comprise wide bandwidth directional antennas; 96. The computer-implemented method of claim 94 or 95, further comprising: (Item 96) by said one or more hardware processors executing program instructions; determining a location of the object based on the positioning of the two or more directional antennas. Item 96. The computer-implemented method of item 95, further comprising: (Item 97) by said one or more hardware processors executing program instructions; filtering the raw RF signal data; Item 95. The computer-implemented method of item 94, further comprising: (Item 98) Item 98. The computer-implemented method of item 96 or item 97, wherein the filtering includes complete or partial suppression of one or more aspects of the raw RF signal data, the sampled raw RF signal data, or a subset of RF signal data. (Item 99) 99. The computer-implemented method of any of items 94-98, wherein the filtering includes removing from the raw RF signal data one or more RF signals: (1) RF signals associated with non-harmful devices; (2) RF signals associated with devices that have been manually or automatically flagged as non-harmful; or (3) RF signals corresponding to a pre-configured whitelist or blacklist. (Item 100) Item 95. The computer-implemented method of item 94, wherein sampling the raw RF signal data includes sampling the raw RF signal data at preconfigured time steps. (Item 101) Item 99 or Item 100, the computer-implemented method of item 99 or Item 100, wherein the preconfigured time step is between 0 ms and 15 ms. (Item 102) Item 102. The computer-implemented method of any of items 94-101, wherein the pre-configured time steps are further based, at least in part, on hardware components associated with an RF system that implements the method. (Item 103) 103. The computer-implemented method of any of items 94-102, wherein the output of the machine learning model includes predicted classes and probabilities corresponding to one or more RF signals identified by the machine learning model. (Item 104) Item 94-103. The computer-implemented method of any of items 94-103, wherein the identification of the type of object is further based on a bandwidth, channel, signal rate associated with the one or more RF signals identified by the machine learning model. (Item 105) Item 94-104. The computer-implemented method of any of items 94-104, wherein the output of the machine learning model includes predicted classes and probabilities corresponding to one or more RF signals identified by the machine learning model. (Item 106) further comprising training the machine learning model, wherein training the machine learning model comprises: generating a first subset of RF signal data corresponding to the signal of interest based at least in part on annotations corresponding to the signal of interest included in a spectrogram, the spectrogram being generated based on raw RF signal training data; inputting a first subset of the RF signal data into the machine learning model to train the machine learning model and identify the signal of interest; Item 94-105. The computer-implemented method of any of items 94-105, comprising: (Item 107) Item 107. The computer-implemented method of item 106, wherein the raw RF signal training data is collected from one or more wideband directional antennas. (Item 108) Item 108. The computer-implemented method of item 106 or item 107, wherein the spectrogram comprises the raw RF signal training data as a function of frequency, time, and / or intensity. (Item 109) Item 109. The computer-implemented method of any of items 106-108, wherein the annotation further corresponds to a period during which the signal of interest is present on the spectrogram. (Item 110) 109. The computer-implemented method of claim 106, wherein the annotations further correspond to one or more frequencies or frequency bands associated with the signal of interest. (Item 111) 111. The computer-implemented method of any of items 106-110, wherein generating the first subset of RF signal data includes removing at least a portion of the raw RF signal training data that is not part of the signal of interest. (Item 112) 1. A system comprising: a computer-readable storage medium having program instructions embodied therein; and one or more processors configured to execute the program instructions and cause the system to perform the computer-implemented method of any of items 94-111; and A system comprising: (Item 113) 12. A computer program product comprising a computer-readable storage medium having program instructions embodied therewith, the program instructions being executable by one or more processors to cause the one or more processors to perform the computer-implemented method of any of items 94-111. (Item 114) 1. A computer-implemented method, the computer-implemented method comprising, by one or more hardware processors executing program instructions: collecting, by a first set of antennas, a first set of RF signal data associated with a first object; inputting the first set of RF signal data into a machine learning model; identifying a type of object associated with the first object based on output from the machine learning model; and generating a second set of RF signals different from the first set of RF signals based at least in part on the type of object; generating and transmitting a second set of said RF signals using a second set of antennas; A method comprising: (Item 115) Item 115. The computer-implemented method of item 114, wherein the first set of antennas is directional, wideband, or both. (Item 116) Item 116. The computer-implemented method of item 114 or item 115, wherein the first set of RF signal data is sampled prior to inputting the first set of RF signal data into the machine learning model. (Item 117) by said one or more hardware processors executing program instructions; determining additional characteristics associated with the first set of RF signals or the object type; 117. The computer-implemented method of any of items 114-116, further comprising: (Item 118) Item 118. The computer-implemented method of item 117, wherein the additional characteristics associated with the first set of RF signals include one or more of a bandwidth, a channel, and a signal rate. (Item 119) Item 119. The computer-implemented method of any of items 114-118, wherein the first set of antennas is identical to the second set of antennas. (Item 120) Item 119. The computer-implemented method of any of items 114-119, wherein the first set of antennas is different from the second set of antennas. (Item 121) 121. The computer-implemented method of any of items 114-120, wherein transmitting the second set of RF signals includes transmitting the second set of RF signals in a direction associated with the first object. (Item 122) by said one or more hardware processors executing program instructions; Accessing a pre-configured list of RF frequencies; filtering the second set of RF signals to remove one or more RF frequencies based at least in part on the pre-configured list prior to transmitting the second set of RF signals; 122. The computer-implemented method of any of items 114-121, further comprising: (Item 123) by said one or more hardware processors executing program instructions; automatically tracking a location of an object associated with the first set of RF signals while causing transmission of the second set of RF signals. 123. The computer-implemented method of any of items 114-122, further comprising: (Item 124) Item 124. The computer-implemented method of item 123, wherein tracking the location of the object is performed by a radio direction finder. (Item 125) 1. A system comprising: a computer-readable storage medium having program instructions embodied therein; and one or more processors configured to execute the program instructions and cause the system to perform the computer-implemented method of any of items 114-124; and A system comprising: (Item 126) 125. A computer program product comprising a computer-readable storage medium having program instructions embodied therewith, the program instructions being executable by one or more processors to cause the one or more processors to perform the computer-implemented method of any of items 114-124. (Item 127) 1. An RF system comprising: A direction finder and A plurality of antennas, each of the plurality of antennas receives or emits an RF signal in a specific direction; the plurality of antennas are configured to operate independently; each of the plurality of antennas configured to operate in coordination with one or more other antennas of the plurality of antennas; A plurality of antennas; electronic circuitry comprising one or more hardware processors, the one or more hardware processors executing programmable instructions, and providing to the RF system: Tracking a first RF signal using a first antenna; using data collected from the direction finder or the first antenna; the first RF signal is emitted from an object; and a velocity associated with said object; and Determine activating a second antenna and continuing to track the first RF signal based at least in part on the determination; and an electronic circuitry configured to cause An RF system comprising: (Item 128) Item 128. The RF system of item 127, wherein the first RF signal is detected within a first area corresponding to the first antenna. (Item 129) The RF system of item 127 or item 128, wherein tracking the first RF signal is also based, at least in part, on information received from one or more other RF systems, devices, or sensors. (Item 130) An RF system according to any of items 127-129, wherein the object is moving relative to the first antenna. (Item 131) An RF system according to any of items 127-130, wherein the object is moving out of the first area. (Item 132) An RF system according to any of items 127-131, wherein the object is moving into a second area associated with a second antenna. (Item 133) The one or more hardware processors further configure the RF system to: Deactivating the first antenna based, at least in part, on activation of the second antenna. 133. The RF system of any of items 127-132, configured to: (Item 134) Item 134. The RF system of item 133, wherein deactivation of the second antenna occurs simultaneously after activation of the first antenna. (Item 135) Item 135. The RF system of item 133 or item 134, wherein deactivation of the second antenna occurs once a period of time has elapsed after activation of the first antenna. (Item 136) Item 136. The RF system of item 135, wherein the period is pre-configured or automatically configured based on the determined rate. (Item 137) 1. A computer-implemented method, the computer-implemented method comprising, by one or more hardware processors executing program instructions: accessing or receiving detected data associated with a first object, the detected data being collected or generated by one or more of an RF system, a sensor, and a device configured to detect an RF signal or an object; collecting RF signal data associated with the first object using one or more antennas; identifying a first set of RF signal data associated with the first object based at least in part on the detection data and the RF signal data; applying a machine learning model to identify an object type associated with the first object; generating and transmitting, using the one or more antennas, a second set of RF signals different from the first set of RF signals based at least in part on a type of the object; A method comprising: (Item 138) Item 138. The method of item 137, wherein the detected data includes a portion of the first set of RF signals. (Item 139) Item 139. The method of item 137 or item 138, wherein the detection data indicates a physical location associated with the first object. (Item 140) Item 140. The method of item 139, wherein the one or more antennas are configured to point in a direction corresponding to the physical location. (Item 141) 141. The method of any of items 137-140, wherein the one or more antennas are directional, wideband, or both. (Item 142) 142. The method of any of items 137-141, wherein causing transmission of the second set of RF signals includes transmitting the second set of RF signals in a direction associated with the first object. (Item 143) The machine learning model is inputting the first set of RF signal data into the machine learning model such that the machine learning model outputs an object type associated with the first object. 143. The method according to any one of items 137-142, comprising: (Item 144) 1. A system comprising: a computer-readable storage medium having program instructions embodied therein; and one or more processors configured to execute the program instructions and cause the system to perform the computer-implemented method of any of items 137-143; and A system comprising: (Item 145) 144. A computer program product comprising a computer-readable storage medium having program instructions embodied therein, the program instructions being executable by one or more processors to cause the one or more processors to perform the computer-implemented method of any of items 137-143. (Item 146) 1. A computer-implemented method, the computer-implemented method comprising, by one or more hardware processors executing program instructions: generating and transmitting, using a first antenna corresponding to the first RF system, a second set of RF signals based on a first set of RF signals associated with a first object and application of a machine learning model trained to identify a type of object associated with the first set of RF signals; determining that the first object is moving from an area associated with the first antenna into an area associated with a second antenna; Based on the above decision, adjusting the power supplied to the first antenna; adjusting the power supplied to the second antenna; causing transmission of a second set of the RF signals using the second antenna; and A method comprising: (Item 147) Item 147. The computer-implemented method of item 146, wherein transmitting the second set of RF signals by the first antenna or the second antenna includes transmitting the second set of RF signals in a direction associated with the first object. (Item 148) Item 148. The computer-implemented method of item 146 or item 147, wherein determining that the first object is moving from an area associated with the first antenna into an area associated with a second antenna is performed using at least a direction finder. (Item 149) Item 149. The computer-implemented method of any of items 146-148, wherein the second antenna corresponds to the first RF system. (Item 150) Item 149. The computer-implemented method of any of items 146-149, wherein the second antenna corresponds to a second RF system. (Item 151) 151. The computer-implemented method of any of items 146-150, wherein adjusting the power supplied to the first antenna includes ceasing transmission of the second set of RF signals. (Item 152) 152. The computer-implemented method of any of items 146-151, wherein adjusting the power supplied to the second antenna includes commencing transmission of the second set of RF signals. (Item 153) by said one or more hardware processors executing program instructions; in response to initiation of transmission of the second set of RF signals by the second antenna; reducing a power output of transmissions of the second set of RF signals by the first antenna over a period of time; simultaneously increasing the power output of transmissions of the second set of RF signals by the second antenna over the period of time; Item 153. The computer-implemented method of item 152, further comprising: (Item 154) Item 154. The computer-implemented method of item 153, wherein the second antenna corresponds to the first RF system, and the total power used at any instant by the first antenna and the second antenna remains constant. (Item 155) 155. The computer-implemented method of any of items 146-154, wherein the second antenna corresponds to a second RF system, and the total power used at any instant by the first antenna and the second antenna remains constant. (Item 156) 1. A system comprising: a computer-readable storage medium having program instructions embodied therein; and one or more processors configured to execute the program instructions and cause the system to perform the computer-implemented method of any of items 146-155; and A system comprising: (Item 157) 156. A computer program product comprising a computer-readable storage medium having program instructions embodied therewith, the program instructions being executable by one or more processors to cause the one or more processors to perform the computer-implemented method of any of items 146-155. (Item 158) 1. An RF system comprising: one or more antennas; an RF module electrically connected to the one or more antennas, the RF module comprising a power amplifier; and a processing module electrically connected to the RF module, the processing module comprising: a first one or more graphical processing units (GPUs); a computer-readable storage medium comprising program instructions and a machine learning model, the machine learning model being trained to identify a type of object associated with a first set of RF signals; one or more first processors, the one or more first processors executing the program instructions, to provide the first RF system with: receiving a data packet comprising a software update; Deploying the software update to update the functionality of the RF system. one or more first processors configured to cause a processing module comprising: An RF system comprising: (Item 159) Item 159. The RF system of item 158, wherein the one or more antennas are directional, wideband, or both. (Item 160) The RF system of item 158 or item 159, wherein the software updates include one or more of firmware updates corresponding to hardware components of the RF system, updates corresponding to software components utilized by the RF system, and machine learning model updates. (Item 161) An RF system according to any of items 158-160, wherein the data packets are received from a central processing server or another RF system. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0025] The following drawings and associated description are provided to illustrate embodiments of the present disclosure and do not limit the scope of the claims. Many of the aspects and attendant advantages of the present disclosure will become more readily appreciated as the same becomes better understood by reference to the following detailed description when considered in connection with the accompanying drawings.

[0026] [Figure 1A] FIG. 1A illustrates a block diagram of an exemplary operating environment in which one or more aspects of the present disclosure may operate, according to various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0027] [Figure 1B] FIG. 1B illustrates a block diagram of example hardware components of an RF system in accordance with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0028] [Figure 1C] FIG. 1C illustrates a block diagram of example software components of an RF system in accordance with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0029] [Figure 1D] FIG. 1D illustrates a perspective view of an example implementation of an RF system comprising two module enclosures, according to various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0030] [Figure 2A] FIG. 2A illustrates an example implementation and orientation of multiple RF systems according to various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0031] [Figure 2B] FIG. 2B illustrates an example implementation and orientation of an RF system interacting with an object, according to various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0032] [Figure 3] FIG. 3 shows a block diagram illustrating example computer system components by which various aspects of the present disclosure may be implemented.

[0033] [Figure 4A] FIG. 4A illustrates a perspective view of an example implementation of an RF system comprising one module enclosure, according to various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0034] [Figure 4B] FIG. 4B illustrates a cross section along a vertical plane of a perspective view of an exemplary implementation of the RF system of FIG. 4A.

[0035] [Figure 4C] FIG. 4C illustrates a side view of an example implementation of the RF system of FIG. 4A.

[0036] [Figure 4D] FIG. 4D illustrates a cross-sectional top view along a horizontal plane of an exemplary implementation of the RF system of FIG. 4C.

[0037] [Figure 5A]FIG. 5A illustrates a perspective view of an example implementation of an RF system comprising two module enclosures, according to various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0038] [Figure 5B] FIG. 5B illustrates a cross section along a vertical plane of a perspective view of an exemplary implementation of the RF system of FIG. 5A.

[0039] [Figure 5C] FIG. 5C illustrates a side view of an example implementation of the RF system of FIG. 5A.

[0040] [Figure 5D] FIG. 5D illustrates a cross-sectional top view along a horizontal plane of an exemplary implementation of the RF system of FIG. 5C.

[0041] [Figure 5E] FIG. 5E illustrates a perspective view of an exemplary implementation of an antenna mount of an RF system, according to various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0042] [Figure 6] FIG. 6 illustrates a block diagram of example hardware components of an RF system in accordance with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0043] [Figure 7A] 7A-7B and 8 illustrate block diagrams of example modules of an RF system according to various embodiments of the present disclosure. [Figure 7B] 7A-7B and 8 illustrate block diagrams of example modules of an RF system according to various embodiments of the present disclosure. [Figure 8] 7A-7B and 8 illustrate block diagrams of example modules of an RF system according to various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0044] [Figure 9A]9A-9D are flowcharts illustrating example flows or methods of assembly, operation, functionality, and / or the like of RF systems according to various embodiments of the present disclosure. [Figure 9B] 9A-9D are flowcharts illustrating example flows or methods of assembly, operation, functionality, and / or the like of RF systems according to various embodiments of the present disclosure. [Figure 9C] 9A-9D are flowcharts illustrating example flows or methods of assembly, operation, functionality, and / or the like of RF systems according to various embodiments of the present disclosure. [Figure 9D] 9A-9D are flowcharts illustrating example flows or methods of assembly, operation, functionality, and / or the like of RF systems according to various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0045] [Figure 10] FIG. 10 illustrates a block diagram of example functionality of an RF system, according to various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0046] [Figure 11] FIG. 11 illustrates an example flow for training an RF artificial intelligence machine learning model according to various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0047] [Figure 12] FIG. 12 illustrates an example flow for applying a trained RF artificial intelligence machine learning model according to various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0048] [Figure 13] FIG. 13 illustrates an example flow for transmitting and tracking an object using an RF system according to various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0049] [Figure 14]FIG. 14 illustrates an example flow for coordinating the application of RF artificial intelligence machine learning models among multiple connected systems and devices, according to various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0050] [Figure 15] FIG. 15 illustrates an example flow for coordinating multiple connected systems and devices according to various embodiments of the present disclosure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0051] Detailed Description Although certain preferred embodiments and examples are disclosed below, the subject matter of the present invention extends to other alternative embodiments and / or uses and modifications, and equivalents thereof, beyond the specifically disclosed embodiments. Accordingly, the scope of the claims appended hereto is not limited by any of the specific embodiments described below. For example, in any method or process disclosed herein, the acts or operations of the method or process may be performed in any suitable sequence and are not necessarily limited to any particular disclosed sequence. Various operations may be described as multiple discrete operations, sequentially, in a manner that may be useful in understanding an embodiment. However, the order of description should not be construed to imply that these operations are order-dependent. In addition, structures, systems, and / or devices described herein may be embodied as integrated or separate components. For purposes of comparing various embodiments, certain aspects and advantages of these embodiments will be described. Not necessarily all such aspects or advantages are achieved by any particular embodiment. Thus, for example, various embodiments may be performed in a manner that achieves or optimizes one advantage or group of advantages as taught herein, without necessarily achieving other aspects or advantages that may also be taught or suggested herein.

[0052] I. Overview As mentioned above, to monitor a surrounding area, multiple specialized devices can be deployed to identify objects, track objects, and transmit signals toward the objects. Conventional devices and, if applicable, their associated software components are typically manufactured and / or programmed for only one function or purpose and may be limited to such pre-configured functionality. These conventional systems cannot be easily adjusted, and in some cases, they cannot be adjusted at all. For example, if a system is capable of monitoring over a particular RF range, the system cannot be easily updated to monitor additional RF ranges without significant cost or effort (e.g., new hardware, software rewrites, and / or the like). Such systems also cannot be moved around or deployed in new locations or orientations without testing, calibration, new hardware, and the like. Furthermore, such systems may utilize omnidirectional antennas that simultaneously illuminate or receive from many directions, which may eliminate the opportunity to target signal transmissions in specific directions and may have high power requirements.

[0053] Also, as noted above, the systems, methods, and devices of the present disclosure (generally and collectively referred to herein as "RF systems") may overcome one or more of these disadvantages and may include modular, adaptable, and portable systems that can be updated and / or reprogrammed to perform multiple or different purposes and functions. RF systems may advantageously include the ability to be updated over time for new purposes not currently considered at the time of manufacture or deployment. The systems, methods, and devices described herein relate to hardware and software components associated with one or more modular, adaptable, and portable systems that can be reprogrammed to perform multiple purposes and functions at once or over time.

[0054] The hardware components of the described radio frequency ("RF") system may include one or more directional wideband antennas, one or more module enclosures, one or more processing modules, and one or more RF modules, among other hardware components described in more detail herein. With respect to directionality, one or more directional antennas can be physically positioned and configured to transmit or receive in one or more specific directions at variable power levels and frequencies, such that the antennas collectively may provide greater directionality and sensitivity in some directions than in other directions. Directional antennas may provide increased performance over dipole or omnidirectional antennas when greater radiation concentration in a certain direction is desired. Additionally, such directional wideband antennas can be used to transmit, receive, or transmit and receive radio signals with a wide frequency spectrum. In various embodiments, the antennas can be configured to transmit and / or receive radio signals within a subset of the wide frequency spectrum. For example, where the antenna is pointed, there may be nearby devices emitting signals within a particular frequency range, and the system can be programmed to filter (e.g., using software) the received signals so as not to interfere with the analysis of the received signals, and / or to filter (e.g., using software or additional digital signal filtering equipment) the transmitted signals so as to minimize or eliminate interference with the operation of the nearby devices. Thus, the RF system may selectively transmit signals of variable power via various directional antennas.

[0055] The hardware components of the described systems may also include a direction finder, also referred to herein as a wireless direction finder or direction-finding antenna. A direction finder can use reception of radio waves to determine the direction in which an object is located. In various embodiments, the source of a transmission may be located (e.g., via triangulation or other similar means) by combining directional information from multiple sources (e.g., other direction finders in the area, other systems, or one or more directional wideband antennas, and / or the like). The direction finder can be used to detect any wireless source. The direction finder may communicate with one or more (or all) of the processing modules of the RF system in any given configuration.

[0056] In various embodiments, each directional antenna and its associated electronic circuitry can operate independently and in a coordinated manner with other directional antennas. For example, a unidirectional antenna may be 90° o The four illustrated directional antennas can be configured to face and monitor a full 360° field of view. o (or about 360 o ) field of view. In various embodiments, additional antennas may be used (e.g., 72 o Five antennas, each covering 60 o Six antennas, each covering approximately 52 o 7 antennas, and / or equivalent), or fewer antennas may be used (e.g., 360 antennas each, o Each antenna covers 180 o Two antennas, each covering 120 o three antennas covering 120°), and / or some fields of view may overlap as well (e.g., each antenna covering 120°). o(four antennas, covering 100 MHz, ...

[0057] In various embodiments, the directional wideband antenna and its associated electronic circuitry can have multiple physical configurations. For example, the antenna and associated electronic circuitry can be configured to be detachable and / or stackable so that multiple antennas can be used at one defined location. For example, two antennas may be present at one location, each antenna having a 90° angle. o configured to monitor a field of view, 180 o The total field of view is monitored by two antennas.

[0058] RF systems are advantageously modular, enabling multiple configurations for various applications. The modularity of RF systems can be found in both a particular RF system that can operate independently (including in cooperation with one or more additional systems or sensors) and multiple RF systems that can operate in cooperation with one another (including in cooperation with one or more additional systems or sensors). For example, an RF system can be implemented with one module enclosure, two module enclosures, or more module enclosures. In embodiments with two or more module enclosures, the module enclosures of the RF system may be joined together by one or more mating enclosures. Thus, in implementations where an RF system may include two stacked module enclosures, they are joined together by a mating enclosure. In various implementations, the RF system may also include an upper enclosure and a lower enclosure and may further include components for mounting the RF system, such as one or more mounts, clips, slides, pins, and / or the like. Advantageously, given its modularity, the RF system can be appropriately configured for a given application and mounted on a tripod, vehicle, building, and / or the like.

[0059] The module enclosures may each house one or more processing modules, one or more RF modules, and one or more power supply modules, as described herein. In various implementations, the processing modules may comprise system-on-module ("SOM") aspects and thus may be referred to herein as "SOM modules." The module enclosures and associated processing modules, RF modules, and power supply modules may each support one or more directional antennas and / or direction finders, as described herein.

[0060] In one implementation, each module enclosure includes a single processing module / SOM module, two RF modules, and a power supply module. In this implementation, each RF module supports a single directional antenna (thus, the module enclosure supports up to two directional antennas), the processing module / SOM module supports two RF modules, and the power supply module provides power to the processing module / SOM module and the two RF modules. Thus, in configurations in which the RF system includes one module enclosure, the RF system can support up to two directional antennas, and in configurations in which the RF system includes two module enclosures, the RF system can support up to four directional antennas. Additionally, in any of these configurations, the RF system can additionally support one or more direction finders via one or more components of the module enclosure (e.g., the processing module / SOM module, the RF module, and / or the power supply module).

[0061] As mentioned above, each module enclosure of the RF system can include a processing module and an RF module, including electronic circuitry, that can be configured to connect to and operate one, two, three, four, or more individual directional wideband antennas. For example, each processing module can include one or more motherboards, one or more processors, one or more graphics processing units (“GPUs”), one or more software-defined radio (“SDR”) transceivers, and / or the like, and can be configured to control and operate one or more directional antennas. In various embodiments, a single module enclosure can be connected to two directional wideband antennas, and the antennas can be installed in a single location, or the antennas can be installed a distance apart from each other (e.g., 5, 10, 100 feet apart) and connected to the same module enclosure.

[0062] In various embodiments, an RF system can be manufactured or assembled with a modular enclosure (among other hardware components as described herein) and one or more antennas, which can be configured to have a compact, portable, and / or adaptable design. Additionally, in various embodiments, an RF system can be manufactured in a compact and / or lightweight design so that the RF system can be installed in a variety of locations and locations. For example, in some implementations, an RF system may have an overall height (e.g., length) of about 20 cm to about 250 cm and a total weight of about 10 kg to about 100 kg. Additionally, the directional broadband antenna can be disconnected from the RF system's modular enclosure and replaced with a different type of antenna that may provide different functionality (e.g., a wider or narrower field of view, such as omnidirectional, longer range sensitivity, shorter range sensitivity, and the like) and / or different physical attributes for improved mobility or adaptability depending on the application (e.g., reduced or increased size, different shape, and the like). For example, if the RF system is to be moved from the roof of a building onto a vehicle, it may be necessary to use one or more different antennas that are securely affixed to the vehicle while the vehicle is in operation, while also being configured to meet new requirements associated with the installation. Such requirements may include being able to monitor a wider field of view than the previous location where it was installed on the side of the building, which can be achieved with additional and / or different antennas that are configured differently.

[0063] The RF system can also advantageously include physical modular configurations and materials that efficiently dissipate heat from the system's components, enabling the RF system to operate in high-temperature and / or extreme environments. For example, the upper and lower enclosures can include fans, and the upper and lower enclosures, module enclosures, and mating enclosures, if applicable, can together provide cavities or channels for air to flow through the RF system and cool various components of the RF system. The module enclosure can include, for example, heat sinks within the cavities or channels and thermally coupled to the processing module, RF module, and power supply module, across which air can flow and cool the components of the RF system as it is pushed or pulled by the fans. The fans can force air to flow upward from the lower enclosure, through the heat sinks of one or more module enclosures, and out through the upper enclosure.

[0064] The RF system can also advantageously include a physical modular configuration that provides components with physical protection, for example, for use in dirty or extreme environments. For example, the module enclosures can each include cavities within which the processing module, RF module, and power supply module can be installed. The cavities can be sealed or hermetically sealed from the outside environment. The module enclosure and the upper, lower, and mating enclosures can also include additional cavities for routing connections and wires between the various components. These additional cavities can also be sealed or hermetically sealed from the outside environment. These various cavities can also advantageously provide electromagnetic interference ("EMI") shielding for the various components of the RF system. EMI shielding can be provided, for example, by constructing the cavities of metal and / or other EM shielding materials or components. Additionally, the upper and lower enclosures can include vents, grilles, filters, or the like to prevent the intrusion of sand or other debris into the cavities or channels of the RF system through which air may flow.

[0065] In various embodiments, the RF system, including various components such as the module enclosure, upper and lower enclosures, processing module, RF module, and power supply module, and / or antenna, can be manufactured to accommodate and withstand high temperatures and / or extreme environments. For example, specific materials such as metal can be used to dissipate heat more quickly. Additionally, for example, the processing module, RF module, and power supply module can each include individual housings (e.g., to provide thermal conductivity and heat dissipation to the exterior of the individual components), which can provide additional environmental protection, impact protection, and thermal conductivity for the internal components. Thus, the RF system can advantageously provide shielding of sensitive components from weather, sunlight (e.g., heat), and other external threats (e.g., processor throttling due to high temperatures) that can damage or reduce the efficiency of the equipment.

[0066] In various embodiments, the RF module may include power amplifier technology. For example, the RF module may include a radio frequency ("RF") power amplifier, which is an electronic amplifier that converts a low-power radio frequency signal into a higher-power signal. The RF module may also include digital and / or analog filter technology. For example, a digital filter (e.g., in signal processing) may perform mathematical operations on a sampled, discrete-time signal to reduce or enhance certain aspects of the signal. The RF module may also include a multiplexer to provide reception and transmission via directional antennas.

[0067] In various embodiments, the RF system, e.g., the processing module, may also include positioning, navigation, and timing (“PNT”) capabilities. Such PNT capabilities may be provided by one or more PNT components, which may include, for example, global positioning satellite system capabilities (e.g., Global Positioning System (“GPS”) capabilities), among other PNT functions. The one or more PNT components may further provide orientation information, altitude information, angle / tilt information, and / or the like. In some implementations, the PNT capabilities may be provided, in whole or in part, within and / or by a direction finder. The PNT capabilities of the RF system may be provided by one or more PNT components and / or the like. The PNT capabilities may also be referred to herein as “positioning capabilities,” and the one or more PNT components may also be referred to herein as “positioning components” and / or the like. The PNT capabilities of an RF system may be used, for example, in object location determination and / or tracking, as described herein, since such functionality may depend on the position, orientation, tilt, and / or the like of the RF system (e.g., such that the correct directional antenna with the correct orientation and tilt may be used to detect or target an object).

[0068] In various embodiments, the processing module may include a machine learning component that may be used to assist the RF system in detecting and / or identifying one or more RF signals captured by a connected antenna. For example, the machine learning component may implement machine learning (“ML”) algorithms, artificial intelligence (“AI”) algorithms, ML models, other programmed algorithms, and / or the like (generally and collectively referred to herein as “AI / ML algorithms,” “AI / ML models,” or simply “ML algorithms,” “ML models,” and / or the like) that may implement models, e.g., executed by one or more processors. Having an AI / ML model identify RF signals may advantageously provide a significant improvement over conventional systems because many detected signals may contain some level of interference, be relatively weak, difficult to detect, or otherwise difficult to identify due to other factors. In various embodiments, the machine learning component may use one or more machine learning algorithms to implement one or more models or parameter functions for detection / identification. The machine learning component can be configured to apply models that can help detect types of RF signals (e.g., ranges of RF signals, specific frequencies or combinations of frequencies, and / or the like) that are indicative of types of objects.

[0069] In various embodiments, the machine learning model of the RF system can be programmed or trained by (1) sampling raw signals (e.g., captured from one or more connected antennas), (2) signal annotation (e.g., frequency, time, and intensity), (3) signal filtering, and (4) model training. The trained model can then be applied by the RF system to received or captured RF signals for identification purposes. For example, in various embodiments, application of the trained machine learning model can comprise (1) raw signal sampling, (2) application of the trained model, and / or (3) output of classes and probabilities (e.g., associated with object types). A processing module can then identify the captured RF signals and / or object types based on the (3) class and probability outputs. Also, in various embodiments, application of the trained machine learning model can include a preliminary step of (0) filtering baseline signals and / or harmless signals.

[0070] In various embodiments, sampling raw signals or raw signal (e.g., RF) data can include any form of data sampling. Data sampling can include, for example, statistical analysis techniques used to select, manipulate, and analyze a representative subset of data points to identify patterns and trends within a larger data set being examined. This can enable working with a small, manageable amount of data that may represent a larger, unmanageable amount of data. Sampling can advantageously enable analysis of data sets that are too large to analyze completely or efficiently within a desired amount of time. In various embodiments, the RF system may sample the raw signal over a period of time (e.g., a few milliseconds, such as 1 ms, 2 ms, 3 ms, 5 ms, 10 ms, 50 ms, etc., or some other period). In various embodiments, other or additional sampling methods may be employed.

[0071] In various embodiments, the RF system (e.g., via one or more processing modules and / or one or more RF modules) can use the identified object type (e.g., output from the applied machine learning model) to generate one or more new signals and transmit the new signals using one or more directional antennas. The new signals may be transmitted in the direction of the identified signal or one or more objects. Thus, the RF system may selectively transmit signals of variable power via various directional antennas. In various embodiments, the identified signals correspond to one or more movable objects (e.g., vehicles, boats, aircraft, drones, and / or the like), and the transmitted signals may affect communications in the vicinity of the movable objects during transmission. In various embodiments, object detection or identification or identification of a signal corresponding to an object can be received from one or more other systems or sensors. Generating signals based on the identified signals can advantageously be beneficial due to increased power efficiency / optimization. For example, instead of transmitting signals in an entire frequency band, only signals within a specific frequency or narrow range of frequencies may instead be transmitted, thereby increasing power efficiency and / or signal power and allowing for greater reach. In various embodiments, the transmitted signals may be further filtered to limit interference with sensitive non-harmful systems in the area.

[0072] In various embodiments, the RF system can track the identified signal or object (e.g., whether the RF system is transmitting or not). In various embodiments, a direction finder can similarly provide more accurate tracking. For example, a direction finder, in conjunction with one or more antennas, can identify the direction from which a detected signal is emanating (e.g., whether the antenna is transmitting or not).

[0073] In various embodiments, there may be other sensors or systems (e.g., including other RF systems in the area) connected to the RF system that may provide additional data that may be used to, among other functions: (1) use machine learning models to improve the detection performed by the RF system; (2) assist the RF system in continuing to track or initiating tracking of an object or signal; and / or (3) generate and transmit, or continue to generate and transmit, a specific signal in the direction of the object.

[0074] In various embodiments, each RF system may include software, including machine learning models or components, that can be updated over the air ("OTA") or via a wired electrical connection. For example, the RF systems may connect to a central processing server and receive updates. As another example, if multiple RF systems are deployed in an area, it may be beneficial for the RF systems to connect with each other and update their machine learning models over time so that each RF system has the most current data or models available (e.g., by sending updated models or captured relevant data so that each RF system can train based on the additional data). In various embodiments, although RF systems may be in the same area, it is beneficial to share only a portion of the data or machine learning models between the RF systems because there may be slight differences between each RF system's field of view, which may result in one model being more suitable for a first environment / area than another model that is more suitable in a second environment / area.

[0075] In various embodiments, a series of one or more RF systems can be installed within an area. For example, a first RF system can be installed in the northeast corner of a building with one antenna facing north and another facing east. A second RF system can be installed in the southwest corner of the same building with one antenna facing south and another facing west. Thus, four antennas (and / or additional RF systems and associated antennas) connected to the two RF systems can provide a 360° coverage area surrounding the building. o Area (or approximately 360 o The antennas can monitor the building's surroundings (area) while simultaneously omitting any signal detection originating from the building itself. As a result of the orientation, any of the antennas can transmit signals, but the transmissions can be directed away from the building so that the building and any equipment or personnel within the building are not impacted or affected by any transmissions. The orientation and signal filtering described herein can further limit interference to non-hazardous areas and equipment in an improved manner.

[0076] Additionally, according to various embodiments, various interactive graphical user interfaces can be provided to enable various types of users to interact with the systems and methods described herein, for example, to generate, review, and / or modify data captured or used by one or more RF systems or connected systems.

[0077] The interactive and dynamic user interfaces described herein are made possible by innovations in efficient interaction between the user interface and underlying systems and components. For example, disclosed herein are improved methods for receiving user inputs, translating and delivering those inputs to various system components, automatically and dynamically executing complex processes in response to input delivery, automatically interacting between the various components and processes of the system, and automatically and dynamically updating the user interface. Data interaction and presentation via the interactive user interfaces described herein may therefore provide cognitive and ergonomic efficiencies and advantages over previous systems.

[0078] Thus, in various embodiments, large amounts of data may be automatically and dynamically collected and analyzed in response to user input and configuration, and the analyzed data may be efficiently presented to a user. Thus, in some embodiments, the systems, devices, configuration capabilities, graphical user interfaces, and the like described herein are more efficient than previous systems and / or the like.

[0079] Various embodiments of the present disclosure provide improvements to various technologies and technical fields and practical applications of various technical features and advances. For example, as described above, some existing systems are limited in various respects, and various embodiments of the present disclosure provide significant improvements over such systems and practical applications of such improvements. In addition, various embodiments of the present disclosure are inseparably linked to and provide practical applications of computer technology. In particular, various embodiments rely on specialized hardware and software components located in specific locations to improve energy and processing efficiency. Such features and others are inextricably linked to and enabled by computer technology, artificial intelligence, and digital signal technology, and would not exist without computer technology, artificial intelligence, and digital signal technology. For example, the RF systems, processing modules, RF modules, and signal detection, generation, and transmission functionality, and interaction with detected objects / signals, described herein with reference to various embodiments cannot reasonably be performed by humans alone, without computers and the technology upon which they are implemented. Furthermore, implementation of various embodiments of the present disclosure via computer technology enables many of the advantages described herein, including more efficient interaction with and analysis of various types of electronic data and the like.

[0080] Embodiments of the present disclosure are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which like numbers refer to like elements throughout. The terminology used within the description presented herein is not intended to be construed in any limiting or restrictive manner simply because it is utilized in conjunction with a detailed description of certain specific embodiments of the present disclosure. Furthermore, while embodiments of the present disclosure may include several novel features, no single one of which is solely responsible for its desirable attributes or is essential to practicing the embodiments of the present disclosure described herein.

[0081] II. Terminology To facilitate understanding of the systems and methods discussed herein, several terms are defined below. The terms defined below, and other terms used herein, should be interpreted broadly to include, for each individual term, the definition provided, the ordinary and customary meaning of the term, and / or any other implied meaning. Thus, the definitions below are not intended to limit the meaning of these terms, but rather provide exemplary definitions only.

[0082] User input (also referred to as “input”): Any interaction, data, indication, and / or the like received by a system / device from a user, a user's representative, an entity associated with the user, and / or any other entity or object. Input may include any interaction intended to be received and / or stored by the system / device, to cause the system / device to access and / or store a data item, to cause the system to analyze, integrate, and / or otherwise use a data item, to cause the system to update displayed data, to cause the system to update the way data is displayed, to transmit or access data, and / or the like. Non-limiting examples of user input include keyboard input, mouse input, digital pen input, voice input, finger touch input (e.g., via a touch-sensitive display), gesture input (e.g., hand movement, finger movement, arm movement, any other appendage movement, and / or body movement), and / or the like. Additionally, user input to a system may include input via tools and / or other objects manipulated by the user. For example, a user may move an object, such as a tool, stylus, or wand, to provide input. Additionally, user input may include movement, position, rotation, angle, alignment, orientation, configuration (e.g., a fist, a flat hand, an extension of one finger, and / or the like), and / or the like. For example, user input may comprise the position, orientation, and / or movement of a hand or other appendage, body, a 3D mouse, and / or the like.

[0083] Data store: Any computer-readable storage medium and / or device (or collection of data storage media and / or devices). Examples of a data store include, but are not limited to, optical disks (e.g., CD-ROMs, DVD-ROMs, and / or equivalents), magnetic disks (e.g., hard disks, floppy disks, and / or equivalents), memory circuits (e.g., solid-state drives, random access memory (RAM), and / or equivalents), and / or equivalents. Another example of a data store is a hosted storage environment (commonly referred to as "cloud" storage) that includes a collection of physical data storage devices that may be remotely accessible and can be rapidly provisioned as needed.

[0084] Database: Any dataset or data structure (and / or combination of multiple datasets or data structures) for storing and / or organizing data, including, but not limited to, relational databases (e.g., Oracle databases, PostgreSQL databases, and / or equivalents), non-relational databases (e.g., NoSQL databases, and / or equivalents), in-memory databases, spreadsheets, comma-separated value (CSV) files, extensible markup language (XML) files, text (TXT) files, flat files, spreadsheet files, and / or any other widely used or proprietary format for data storage. A database is typically stored in one or more data stores. Thus, each database referred to herein (e.g., in the description and / or figures herein) should be understood as being stored in one or more data stores. Additionally, although this disclosure may show or describe data as being stored in combined or separate databases, in various embodiments, such data may be combined and / or separated in any suitable manner into one or more databases, one or more tables in one or more databases, and / or the like. As used herein, a data source may refer, for example, to a table in a relational database. It may also be referred to herein as a "dataset" and / or the like.

[0085] III. Illustrative Operating Environment 1A illustrates a block diagram of an exemplary operating environment 100 in which one or more aspects of the present disclosure may operate, according to various embodiments of the present disclosure. The operating environment 100 may include an RF system 102, an optional additional RF system 106, additional systems or sensors 104, a central processing server 107, and one or more user devices 110. Each RF system 102 (and optional additional RF system 106) may include various hardware components 103 and software components 105 and may provide various functionality as further described herein.

[0086] In various embodiments, communication between the various components of the exemplary operating environment 100 may be accomplished via any suitable devices, systems, methods, and / or the like. For example, RF system 102 and optional additional RF system 106) may communicate with each other, additional systems or sensors 104, central processing server 107, and one or more user devices 110 via network 112 or any other combination of wired or wireless communication networks, methods (e.g., Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, infrared, cellular, and / or the like), and / or any combination or the like of the foregoing. As described further below, network 112 may comprise, for example, one or more internal or external networks, the Internet, and / or the like.

[0087] Further details and examples regarding the implementation, operation, and functionality of the various components of the RF system 102 and the exemplary operating environment 100 are described herein with reference to various figures.

[0088] a. Network 112 Network 112 may include any wired network, wireless network, or combination thereof. For example, network 112 may be a personal area network, a local area network, a wide area network, a wireless over-the-air broadcast network (e.g., for radio or television), a cable network, a satellite network, a cellular telephone network, or combinations thereof. As a further example, network 112 may be a publicly accessible network of linked networks, possibly operated by various distinct parties, such as the Internet. In various embodiments, network 112 may be a private or semi-private network, such as a corporate or university intranet. Network 112 may include one or more wireless networks, such as a Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) network, a Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) network, a Long Term Evolution (LTE) network, C-band, mm-wave, sub-6 GHz, or any other type of wireless network. Network 112 may use protocols and components to communicate over the Internet or any of the other aforementioned types of networks. For example, protocols used by network 112 may include Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP), HTTP Secure (HTTPS), Message Queuing Telemetry Transport (MQTT), Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP), and the like. Protocols and components for communicating over the Internet or any of the other aforementioned types of communication networks are well known to those skilled in the art and, therefore, will not be described in further detail herein.

[0089] In various embodiments, network 112 may represent a network that may be local to a particular organization, e.g., a private or semi-private network such as a corporate or university intranet. In some implementations, devices (e.g., RF system 102, RF system 106, additional systems or sensors 104, central processing server 107, devices 110, and / or the like) may communicate via network 112 without traversing an external network such as the Internet. In some implementations, devices connected via network 112 may be protected from accessing the Internet; e.g., network 112 may not be connected to the Internet. Thus, for example, user device 110 may communicate with RF system 102, RF system 106, or additional systems or sensors 104 directly (via wired or wireless communication) or via network 112 without using the Internet. Thus, if the network 112 or the Internet goes down, the RF system 102, the RF system 106, or the additional systems or sensors 104 may continue to communicate and function via direct communication (and / or via the network 112).

[0090] In various implementations, network 112 and / or various other aspects of operating environment 100 may incorporate “mesh” type communications between components and / or secure communications between components. An example of such mesh and / or secure communications is described in U.S. Pat. No. 10,506,436 (the '436 patent), issued December 10, 2019, and entitled “Lattice Mesh,” the entire disclosure of which is deemed a part of this specification and incorporated by reference for all purposes with respect to all that it contains, as if fully set forth herein. For example, in some embodiments as described herein, object detection and / or identification and / or response to such detection and / or identification (e.g., by transmitting one or more RF signals) can be performed by one or more systems (e.g., RF systems), devices, sensors, or the like. For example, any device and / or sensor may communicate with one or more of the RF systems as described herein, and any information transmitted between the devices may be used, in whole or in part (e.g., in combination with one or more of the RF system's own detections), to initiate a response (e.g., transmit one or more RF signals).

[0091] b. Additional Systems or Sensors 104 The additional systems or sensors 104 may include, for example, various sensors and monitoring equipment. For example, non-limiting examples of the additional systems or sensors 104 may include sensors / monitors (e.g., temperature, positioning / locating, PNT, direction finder, altitude, angle / tilt, level, vibration, power, pressure, and / or the like), video cameras (e.g., video, audio, position, motion, heat, and / or the like), antennas (e.g., long range, short range, and / or the like), radar devices, light detection and ranging (“LIDAR”) devices, mobile systems or sensors (e.g., sensors on vehicles or aerial drones), stationary systems or sensors (e.g., sensors on tower stations), other types of systems or sensors, and / or any combination of the foregoing. Additional examples of systems or sensors 104 that may be included within the operating environment 100 and that may provide information to or receive information from the RF systems 102, 106 as described herein are described in U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2020 / 0167059 (the '059 publication), filed November 27, 2018, and entitled "Interactive Virtual Interface," and U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2020 / 0363824 (the '824 publication), filed May 17, 2019, and entitled "Counter Drone System," the entire disclosures of each of which are deemed to be part of this specification and are incorporated by reference for all purposes as if fully set forth herein.

[0092] As described herein, RF system 102 may communicate with, provide information to, or receive information from additional systems or sensors 104. Similarly, RF system 102 may communicate with, provide information to, or receive information from one or more RF systems 106. Similarly, RF system 106 may communicate with, provide information to, or receive information from additional systems or sensors 104. In various embodiments, communication between various components of operating environment 100 may be accomplished through intermediate communication with a centralized server or database (e.g., central processing server 107) that may store data associated with the additional systems or sensors 104. Alternatively, the additional systems or sensors 104 may be in communication with and / or configured through communication with user devices 110. Data and information gathered from the additional systems or sensors 104 may be provided directly or indirectly to RF system 102.

[0093] In various implementations, one or more of the RF system 102, the RF system 106, and / or the user device 110, or a combination thereof, may provide an application programming interface (“API”) through which communication may be performed with additional systems or sensors 104.

[0094] Various communications between components of operating environment 100 may be used to determine the location of objects (which may include movable objects) through various methods, as described herein. Examples of such communications and methods for determining the location of objects are provided, for example, in the '059 and '824 publications.

[0095] c. Central Processing Server The central processing server 107 may include one or more computing systems connected (e.g., via network 112), for example, to the RF systems (e.g., 102 and 106), the additional systems or sensors 104, and / or the user devices 110. For example, data and information gathered from the additional systems or sensors 104, the RF system 102, or the RF system 106 may be provided, directly or indirectly, to the central processing server 107 for storage, analysis, and / or transmission to other connected systems. For example, one RF system 106 may detect / identify a particular signal and / or object, and the RF system 106 can transmit that data to the central processing server 107, which can then transmit an indication of the detected signal to the other system (e.g., the RF system 102). For example, in some examples described herein, RF systems (e.g., 102 and 106) can cooperate in a network to detect signals around a designated area or location (e.g., a building) because each RF system includes an antenna that points in only one direction. In various embodiments, central processing server 107 may be in communication with and / or configured through communication with user devices 110.

[0096] As noted above, the various components of operating environment 100 may be used to determine the location of objects (which may include movable objects) through various methods, as described herein. Examples of such methods for determining the location of objects are provided, for example, in the '059 and '824 publications. Thus, the central processing server 107 and / or user devices 110 of the present disclosure may resemble, in whole or in part, the interactive virtual interface system of the '059 publication in that various sensor data and location determinations may be integrated together. Such location information may further be shared among the various components of operating environment 100, e.g., RF systems 102, 106, to enable coordination between the components to transmit generated signals to located objects (which may include movable objects). Furthermore, as noted above, communication between the various components of operating environment 100 may be provided through various methods, some examples of which are described in the '436 patent.

[0097] In various embodiments, the central processing server 107 can comprise hardware similar to that of the computer system described herein with reference to FIG. 3. Alternatively, in various embodiments, the central processing server 107 exists via software, thereby linking several RF systems and any other optional additional systems or sensors together so that the systems or sensors may share information among themselves (in such an implementation, various aggregate components of the RF systems may provide functionality similar to that of the computer system described with reference to FIG. 3). In various embodiments, the central processing server 107 can create a mesh network, examples of which are described in the '436 patent (as mentioned above). For example, the central processing server 107 can comprise an interface and a processor. The interface can be configured to receive a request to register from a host, the request to register including a key and a set of asset identifications ("IDs") that the host wishes to claim. The processor can be configured to sign keys, generate resource authority (“RA”) certificate-signed keys along with RA certificates, update an asset database with the RA certificate-signed keys, distribute RA certificate-signed host public keys throughout the network, and provide RA certificate-signed keys to hosts. In various embodiments, the server can further comprise a memory coupled to the processor and configured to provide instructions to the processor. A system for a mesh network can include secure mechanisms for communication between nodes (e.g., RF system 102, RF system 106, additional systems or sensors 104, user devices 110, and / or the like) enabled for messages with targeted destinations in both point-to-point mode and public mechanisms in which messages may be targeted to multiple destinations. Security for communication can be designed to prevent a compromised node from being used to obtain meaningful message traffic from the network once the node is compromised.Additionally, the network can prioritize real-time data despite the variable performance of network links. The network can also ensure security by using point-to-point authorization and establishing secure routing. The network can also strategically cache data flowing within the network so that data can be transmitted when a channel is available. Mesh networks can be an improvement over other networks due to their improved security. The network can be designed to overcome unstable communication links and the potential for nodes to become compromised. Mesh networks can overcome potential issues using security systems that secure messages, secure routes, and secure backfilling of messages waiting to be transmitted through the network.

[0098] In various implementations, central processing server 107 may provide an application programming interface (“API”) by which communication may be effected with RF system 102, RF system 106, user device 110, and / or additional systems or sensors 104. For example, data collected or generated by RF system 102 can be transmitted to central processing server 107, combined with other data collected (e.g., from RF system 106 and / or additional systems or sensors 104), and stored for later transmission (e.g., via the internet using an API) to any system on network 112 or outside of network 112. In various embodiments, central processing server 107 may also implement some or all of the machine learning and / or data or signal processing performed by the RF systems (e.g., 102 and 106), for example.

[0099] d. Exemplary User Device User device 110 may comprise a computing device that provides a means for a user or administrator to interact with a device (e.g., RF system 102, RF system 106, additional systems or sensors 104, or central processing server 107). User device 110 may comprise a user interface or dashboard that connects a user with a machine, system, or device typically used within an industrial process. In various implementations, user device 110 comprises a computer device with a display and a mechanism for user input (e.g., a mouse, keyboard, voice recognition, touch screen, and / or the like). In various implementations, user device 110 comprises a tablet computing device, a laptop computing device, or a smartphone.

[0100] As noted above, user device 110 may communicate with RF system 102, RF system 106, additional systems or sensors 104, and / or central processing server 107 via wired and / or wireless communication directly (e.g., not via a network) and / or via network (e.g., a local network) wired and / or wireless communication. Advantageously, according to various embodiments, a user may configure an interactive user interface layout and then push the interactive user interface layout configuration to one or more RF systems 102 and / or 106. In various embodiments, RF systems 102 and / or 106 may then remotely provide the configured interactive user interface to any user device 110 that connects to RF systems 102 and / or 106. Advantageously, such functionality may enable remote and centralized configuration of the interactive user interface without requiring direct programming or interaction with RF systems 102 and / or 106 or user device 110. Advantageously, according to various embodiments, a connection interface is provided by RF systems 102 and / or 106 so that multiple user devices 110 may simultaneously access and / or communicate with RF systems 102 and / or 106, and the current configuration / status of RF systems 102 and / or 106 may be kept synchronized and accurate / up-to-date from each device and between such devices.

[0101] In various implementations, a user may operate RF system 102 (and / or RF system 106, among other components of operating environment 100) through one or more user interfaces (and / or other user interfaces of central processing server 107) accessible via device 110. Through such user interfaces, a user may inspect and / or set the configuration or status of RF system 102, receive indications of identified objects from RF system 102 (and / or central processing server 107, which may provide coordination between various components of operating environment 100), provide approval to RF system 102 (and / or central processing server 107, which may provide coordination between various components of operating environment 100), initiate transmissions to identified objects, inspect the battery health of RF system 102, access automated logs associated with RF system 102 (and / or central processing server 107), and / or the like.

[0102] In various embodiments, the user device 110 may include a relatively streamlined interactive graphical user interface. For example, the interactive user device 110 may include relatively few large buttons by which a user may select to stop a currently active configuration, select a different configuration from a list, search for a different configuration, and / or monitor the current status of input / output, analytics, machine learning models, and / or the like (as described above).

[0103] Additionally, it is noted that designing computer user interfaces that are "usable by humans and easily learned" is "a significant issue for software developers" (Dillon, A. (2003) User Interface Design. MacMillan Encyclopedia of Cognitive Science, Vol. 4, London: MacMillan, 453-458). This disclosure describes various embodiments of interactive and dynamic graphical user interfaces that are the result of significant developments. This significant development has resulted in the graphical user interfaces described herein that may provide significant cognitive and ergonomic efficiencies and advantages over previous systems. Interactive and dynamic graphical user interfaces involve improved human-computer interaction that may provide for users reduced mental workload, improved decision-making, improved performance, reduced job stress, and / or the like. For example, user interaction with an interactive graphical user interface via inputs described herein may provide an optimized view of and interaction with a video gateway device or controller device, enabling users to access, navigate, assess, and understand analysis, configuration, received / operational data, and / or the like more quickly and accurately than previous systems.

[0104] Additionally, the interactive and dynamic graphical user interfaces described herein are enabled by innovations in efficient interaction between the user interface and underlying systems and components. For example, disclosed herein are improved methods of receiving user input (including methods for interacting with and selecting received data), transforming and delivering those inputs to various system components (e.g., RF systems 102 and / or 106), automatically and dynamically executing complex processes in response to input delivery (e.g., executing configurations on RF systems 102 and / or 106), automatically interacting with processes of various components and systems, and automatically and dynamically updating the user interface (e.g., to display information related to RF systems 102 and / or 106). Data interaction and presentation via the interactive graphical user interfaces described herein may thus provide cognitive and ergonomic efficiencies and advantages over prior systems.

[0105] IV. RF System The RF system 102 can comprise hardware and software components and can be a modular, adaptable, and mobile system that includes one or more antennas. The RF system 102 can be configured to receive or capture external RF signals from one or more directions (e.g., the direction the antenna is pointing in conjunction with a configured field of view angle), determine one or more RF signals to transmit based on the received RF signals (e.g., by applying one or more machine learning models to determine the type of object), and generate and transmit the determined one or more RF signals in specific directions and with specific powers, among other functionality as described in more detail herein.

[0106] In various implementations, in addition to RF system 102, one or more additional RF systems 106 may be provided (e.g., as illustrated in the example operating environment 100 of FIG. 1A). Each of the RF systems 106 may include generally similar configuration and functionality as RF system 102. For example, RF system 102 and RF system 106 may each include similar hardware and software components and functionality. Each of the RF systems may also differ in various respects; for example, each may include one or more module enclosures and one or more directional antennas, among other features. While the description herein provides implementation details for RF system 102, each of the RF systems 106 may be similarly implemented.

[0107] Although RF system 102 is shown separately from RF system 106, in some embodiments, each RF system shown may have functionality unique to itself (e.g., based on location / installation, specificity of its trained data model that may be the same or different from other RF systems, different hardware or software, different ranges of frequencies to monitor due to configured blacklists or whitelists, or other characteristics) or functionality shared among all RF systems (e.g., shared machine learning models, shared data inputs, shared blacklists or whitelists, or other characteristics). Thus, in some embodiments, the functionality of an RF system may reside on one device or multiple devices. For example, the processing of data signals received by one RF system 102 may be performed by RF system 102 or a combination of RF system 102 and other RF systems 106. In some embodiments, RF system 102 may perform functions unique to RF system 102, and RF system 106 may perform functions unique to RF system 106. In some embodiments, some combination of features may be available to all RF systems, some features unique to each RF system, and some features may be shared. In some applications, only one RF system may be used, and therefore all available features or functionality for a single RF system will reside on the single RF system. In some embodiments, additional systems or sensors 104 may provide additional data or functionality to the RF system, as described herein. As described above, coordination between the various components of operating environment 100 may occur directly and / or via central processing server 107, among other possible configurations.

[0108] In various embodiments, additional RF systems 106 may be associated with or disposed within an area near RF system 102. In various embodiments, RF systems 102 and 106 may be installed within an area and connected together (e.g., via network 112 or a wired connection). For example, RF system 102 may be installed in the northeast corner of a building with one antenna connected to RF system 102 facing north and another antenna connected to RF system 102 facing east. RF system 106 may also be installed in the southwest corner of the same building with one antenna connected to RF system 106 facing south and another antenna connected to RF system 106 facing west. Thus, four antennas (and / or additional RF systems and associated antennas) connected to two RF systems may be installed in a 360° area surrounding a building. o Area (or approximately 360 o The antennas can monitor a building's surroundings (area) while simultaneously omitting any signal detection originating from the building itself. As a result of the orientation, any of the antennas can transmit a signal, but the transmission can be directed away from the building so that the building and any equipment or personnel within the building are not impacted or affected by any transmission. The orientation and signal filtering described herein can further limit interference to non-hazardous areas and equipment in an improved manner.

[0109] In various embodiments, the RF system can be manufactured into a compact, lightweight, portable, and / or adaptable design so that the RF system can be installed in a variety of positions and locations. For example, in one implementation, the RF system may have an overall height (e.g., length) of about 20 cm to about 180 cm and a total weight of about 10 kg to about 100 kg. In addition, the directional wideband antenna can be disconnected from the RF system's modular enclosure and replaced with a different type of antenna that may provide different functionality (e.g., wider or narrower field of view, such as omnidirectional, longer range sensitivity, shorter range sensitivity, and the like) and / or different physical attributes for improved mobility or adaptability depending on the application (e.g., reduced or increased size, different shape, and the like). For example, if the RF system is to be moved from the roof of a building onto a vehicle, it may be necessary to use one or more different antennas that are securely affixed to the vehicle while the vehicle is in operation, while also being configured to meet the new requirements associated with the installation. Such requirements may include being able to monitor a wider field of view than the previous location installed on the side of a building, which can be achieved using additional and / or different antennas that are configured differently.

[0110] a. Exemplary Hardware Components of an RF System 1B illustrates a block diagram of example hardware components 103 of RF system 102 according to various embodiments of the present disclosure. In addition to the description below, further details of the hardware components and associated functionality are described below with reference to, for example, FIGS. 4A-4D, 5A-5E, 7A-7B, 8, and 9A-9D. The hardware components 103 may include, for example, a direction finder 120, one or more directional antennas 122, a communication component 129, a cooling component 124, one or more power supply modules 141, one or more enclosure components 142, one or more RF modules 131, and one or more processing modules 130. The software components 105 of RF module 102 may be implemented on various components of RF system 102, as described herein, but primarily on one or more processing modules 130 according to various implementations.

[0111] As noted above, the RF system 102 is advantageously modular, enabling multiple configurations for a variety of applications. The modularity of the RF system can be found in both the modularity of specific individual RF systems that can operate independently (including in cooperation with one or more additional systems or sensors) and in the modularity of multiple RF systems that can operate in cooperation with one another (including in cooperation with one or more additional systems or sensors). The modularity of the RF system can be enabled, in part, by the various enclosures 142 of the RF system 102, which can house or provide mounting for various other hardware components 103.

[0112] For example, RF system 102 can be implemented with one module enclosure, two module enclosures, or more module enclosures. In embodiments with two or more module enclosures, the module enclosures of RF system 102 may be joined together by one or more joining enclosures. Thus, in some implementations, RF system 102 may include two stacked module enclosures joined together by a joining enclosure. In various implementations, the RF system may also include an upper enclosure and a lower enclosure and may further include components for mounting the RF system, such as one or more mounts, clips, slides, pins, and / or the like. Advantageously, given its modularity, the RF system may be appropriately configured for a given application and mounted on a tripod, vehicle, building, and / or the like.

[0113] 1D illustrates a perspective view of an example implementation 180 of an RF system 102 comprising two module enclosures and four directional antennas in accordance with various embodiments of the present disclosure. However, in various implementations, the RF system may include more or fewer antennas, a single module enclosure, or more than two module enclosures. The example implementation 180 of the RF system 102 comprises an upper enclosure 182, a first (e.g., top) module enclosure 184, a mating enclosure 186, a second (e.g., bottom) module enclosure 188, and a lower enclosure 190. The example implementation 180 of the RF system 102 further comprises directional antennas 192a-192d, a direction finder 194, and one or more control panels 196. Although not shown in FIG. 1D, the RF system 102 may also include one or more mounting points or surfaces 193, such as on a bottom surface of the lower enclosure 190, for mounting the RF system 102.

[0114] 1D , the various enclosures of the RF system 102 may be joined together to form the main housing of the RF system 102. As shown, the directional antennas 192a-192d and the direction finder 194 may be mounted to the outer (or external) surfaces of the enclosures by one or more coupling points or antenna mounts. Each of the one or more antenna mounts may provide one or more degrees of freedom. Each degree of freedom may reflect the ability of an individual antenna to tilt, rotate, or translate along one or more axes.

[0115] The upper enclosure may include one or more air vents 198, and the lower enclosure may include one or more air vents 199. The air vents 198, 199 may enable or encourage airflow within the RF system housing, such as within an interior portion or cavity of the RF system 402. Such airflow may be generated by one or more fans, which may be located within the upper and / or lower enclosures and encourage airflow from the air vents in the lower enclosure 190, upward through an interior portion (also referred to herein as the interior portion) or cavity of the RF system 180, and thence out through the air vents 198. The interior portion or cavity of the RF system may include one or more heat sinks, which may be thermally coupled to one or more modules located within the peripheral interior portion of the RF system (e.g., within the housings of module enclosures 184, 188, as described herein).

[0116] 1B , the module enclosures may each house one or more processing modules 130, one or more RF modules 131, and one or more power supply modules 141. In various implementations, the processing modules 130 may comprise system-on-module ("SOM") aspects and thus may be referred to herein as "SOM modules." The module enclosures and associated processing modules 130, RF modules 131, and power supply modules 141 may each support one or more directional antennas 122 (e.g., antennas 192a-192d in FIG. 1D ) and / or direction finders 120 (e.g., direction finder 194 in FIG. 1D ). In some implementations, the module enclosures each include a single processing module 130, two RF modules 131, and a power supply module 141. In this implementation, the RF modules 131 each support a single directional antenna 122 (thus, the module enclosure supports up to two directional antennas 122), the processing module 130 supports two RF modules 131, and the power supply module 141 provides power to the processing module 130 and the two RF modules 131. Thus, in configurations in which the RF system 102 includes one module enclosure, the RF system 102 can support up to two directional antennas 122, and in configurations in which the RF system 102 includes two module enclosures, the RF system 102 can support up to four directional antennas 122. In implementations including two or more module enclosures, multiple processing modules 130 may communicate with each other directly to provide the functionality described herein, or may communicate with each other via a system management module. Additionally, in any of these configurations, the RF system 102 may additionally support one or more direction finders 120 via one or more components of the module enclosure (e.g., the processing module 130, the RF module 131, and / or the power supply module 141).

[0117] The RF system 102 may advantageously include a physical modular configuration that provides physical protection for components, for example, for use in dirty or extreme environments. For example, the enclosures 142 may each include cavities (which may be contained within the periphery of the module enclosure) within which the processing module 130, the RF module 131, and the power supply module 141 may be installed. The cavities may be sealed or hermetically sealed from the outside environment. The enclosure may also include additional cavities for connections and wiring routing between the various components. These additional cavities may also be sealed or hermetically sealed from the outside environment. These various cavities may also advantageously provide electromagnetic interference ("EMI") shielding for the various components of the RF system 102. EMI shielding may be provided, for example, by constructing the cavities of metal and / or other EM shielding materials or components. Additionally, the upper and lower enclosures may include vents, grates, filters, or the like to prevent the ingress of sand or other debris into the portions of the RF system through which air may flow.

[0118] Thus, in one implementation, each RF module 131 may have its own enclosure housing its associated components, each processing module 130 may have its own enclosure housing its associated components, and each power supply module 141 may have its own enclosure housing its associated components. The housing of each module may be made of a thermally conductive material, such as metal. Each of these individual enclosures of the various modules may then be installed, for example, within a cavity of the module enclosure of the RF system 102. Additionally, the various electrical components of the RF system 102 may be wired for power and data communication with each other via the various cavities. For example, the processing module 130 may be in wired communication with the RF module 131, which may be in wired communication with the directional antenna 122 and / or the direction finder 120. Such data and power wired communications can be accomplished via routing through the enclosure cavity and via connectors on and through the enclosure surface and exterior. In some implementations, one or more of the various components of the RF system 102 can communicate with each other through wireless communications.

[0119] In addition to the internal power supply module 141 described above (which may provide appropriate power to various other modules and components of RF system 102), power supply module 141 may also include an external or internal main power supply module that may provide main power to RF system 102. Such power may be from a wired mains power source or a battery source. In some implementations, RF system 102 includes an internal battery power source that provides power to the components of RF system 102 via power supply module 141.

[0120] i. Direction finder The direction finder 120 (also referred to herein as a radio direction finder or direction finding antenna) may comprise a radio direction finder (“RDF”) or other direction finding device and may be a device configured to find or otherwise identify a direction or bearing relative to a radio source. The direction finder 120 may include one or more antennas configured to perform direction finding. The direction finding may include the use of two or more measurements from different locations. Based on the two or more measurements, the location of an unknown object (e.g., a transmitter, a vehicle, a drone, and / or the like) or other target may be determined. In various embodiments, the source of a transmission may be located (e.g., via triangulation or other similar means) by combining directional information from multiple sources (e.g., other direction finders in the area, other systems or sensors, or one or more directional wideband antennas and / or the like).

[0121] The direction finder 120 can be used to detect any radio source. The size of the receiver antenna of the direction finder 120 can be a function of the wavelength of the received signal. For example, longer wavelengths (lower frequencies) can include larger antennas. The ability to locate transmitters can be valuable in various applications, including transmitting object location and identification, among others. The direction finder 120 can include one or more phased array antennas, allowing for faster beamforming for more accurate detection. The direction finder 120 can include sensing antennas, dipole antennas, parabolic antennas, and / or the like. The direction finder 120 may employ one or more phase or Doppler techniques. In various embodiments, multiple direction finders 120 can obtain direction information from two or more suitably spaced receivers (or a single mobile receiver), and the source of the transmission may be located via triangulation.

[0122] The direction finder 120 may communicate with one or more (or all) of the processing modules 130 of the RF system 102 in any given configuration. In various embodiments, multiple direction finders 120 may be coupled to a common processing unit (e.g., processing module 130). As described herein, in some implementations, PNT capabilities (e.g., some or part of the PNT components 14) may be provided, in whole or in part, within and / or by the direction finder 120.

[0123] ii. Directional antennas One or more directional antennas 122 can be configured to transmit and / or receive wireless signals. As noted above, each directional antenna 122 may be in electrical / wired communication with an RF module 131, which may provide signal reception or transmission amplification, among other functionality. In various embodiments, the directional antennas 122 can be designed to transmit and receive radio waves in a particular direction (directional, or high-gain, or "beam" antenna). For example, in various embodiments, the directional antennas 122 can be directional and configured to irradiate or receive signals over an area of ​​80 degrees to 110 degrees (e.g., the antenna's primary receive and / or transmit angular arc) in the direction in which the first antenna is configured to point. In some implementations, the one or more directional antennas 122 each have a directional beam of approximately 90 degrees. o The two directional antennas can be configured to provide communication within an angle of approximately 180°. o The three directional antennas can be configured to provide communication within approximately 270 degrees. o The four directional antennas can be configured to provide communication within approximately 360 degrees. oThe directional antenna 122 may be configured to provide communication within a range of 1 / 2000 GHz. Other combinations of antennas and various arrangements are also possible. In various embodiments, the directional antenna 122 may include one or more reflectors (e.g., parabolic reflectors), horns, and / or parasitic elements, which may direct the radio waves into a beam or other desired radiation pattern.

[0124] One or more directional antennas 122 can be physically positioned and configured to transmit or receive in one or more specific directions at variable power levels and frequencies so that the antennas, collectively, can provide greater directionality and sensitivity in some directions than in other directions. Advantageously, this can allow for increased performance and reduced interference from undesired sources (e.g., sources not in the direction of the antenna's direction of directionality). Directional antennas 122 can provide increased performance over dipole or omnidirectional antennas when greater radiation concentration in a certain direction is desired. Additionally, directional antennas 122 can be wide-bandwidth antennas that can be used to transmit, receive, or transmit and receive radio signals with a wide frequency spectrum. In various embodiments, directional antennas 122 can be configured to transmit and / or receive radio signals within a subset of the wide frequency spectrum. For example, where the antenna is pointed, there may be nearby devices emitting signals within a particular frequency range, and the RF system can be programmed to filter (e.g., using software) the received signals so as not to interfere with analysis of the received signals, and / or to filter (e.g., using software or additional digital signal filtering equipment) the transmitted signals so as to minimize or eliminate interference with the operation of the nearby devices. Thus, the RF system may selectively transmit signals of variable power via various directional antennas.

[0125] In various embodiments, each directional antenna 122 and its associated electronic circuitry (e.g., associated RF module 131) can operate independently and in a coordinated manner with other directional antennas. For example, a unidirectional antenna 122 can operate at 90 o Four of the described directional antennas (e.g., using one, two, three, or four RF systems) can be configured to point at and monitor the field of view, providing a full 360° field of view. o (or about 360 o ) field of view. In various embodiments, additional antennas are used (e.g., 72 o Five antennas, each covering 60 o Six antennas, each covering approximately 52 o 7 antennas, and / or equivalent), or fewer antennas may be used (e.g., 360 antennas each, o Each antenna covers 180 o Two antennas, each covering 120 o three antennas covering 120°), and / or some fields of view may overlap as well (e.g., each antenna covering 120°). o (four antennas, or equivalent, covering

[0126] The antenna can also be configured with automated or manual adjustment capability for vertical angle or tilt, so that the antenna can be adjusted to point more downward toward the ground or more upward toward the sky. In some applications, there may be an optimal angle to which the antenna can adjust based on empirical data or artificial intelligence / machine learning (e.g., the machine learning models described herein or other models). Adjustability of the antenna angle may be provided by a user-adjustable antenna mount. The measured angle of the antenna may comprise an angle of elevation or tilt compared to the plane on which the RF system is parked (which, if the RF system is mounted on a plane, may be identical to a line perpendicular or normal to the side surface of the RF system on which the antenna is mounted).

[0127] In various embodiments, with respect to the RF system 102, the corresponding one or more directional wideband antennas 122 and associated electronic circuitry can have multiple physical configurations. For example, the antennas and associated electronic circuitry can be configured to be detachable and / or stackable so that multiple antennas can be used at one defined location. For example, two antennas may be present at one location, each antenna having a 90° angle of incidence. o configured to monitor a field of view, 180 o The total field of view is monitored by two antennas.

[0128] iii. Cooling components, environmental protection The cooling component 124 can be configured to remove heat produced by one or more of the hardware components 103. For example, the cooling component 124 can help prevent temporary malfunction or permanent failure due to overheating of power supplies, amplifiers, integrated circuits such as central processing units (“CPUs”) and graphics processing units (“GPUs”), and / or other elements described herein. Other hardware components 103 described herein may be configured to generate little heat, but more heat may still be produced than could be removed without the use of the cooling component 124. The cooling component 124 can include one or more fans, one or more heat sinks, one or more thermal couples, one or more heat pipes or conductors, and / or the like configured to enable the removal of heat from the system. Thus, the RF system can advantageously include a physical modular configuration and materials that efficiently dissipate heat from the system's components, enabling the RF system to operate in high-temperature and / or extreme environments.

[0129] For example, the upper and lower enclosures can include fans, and the upper and lower enclosures, module enclosure, and mating enclosure, if applicable, can together provide cavities or channels for air to flow through the RF system and cool various components of the RF system. The module enclosure can include, for example, heat sinks within the cavities or channels and thermally coupled to the processing module, RF module, and power supply module, over which air can flow and cool the components of the RF system as it is pushed or pulled by the fans. The fans can cause air to flow upward from the lower enclosure, through the heat sinks of one or more module enclosures, and out through the upper enclosure. Furthermore, each of the modules (e.g., processing module 130, RF module 131, and / or power supply module 141) may include various thermal couplings, heat pipes or conductors, and / or the like, internally to conduct heat to thermal interfaces and thereby to the heat sinks.

[0130] In various embodiments, an RF system, including various components such as a module enclosure, upper and lower enclosures, a processing module, an RF module, and a power supply module, and / or an antenna, can be manufactured to accommodate and withstand high temperatures and / or extreme environments. For example, specific materials such as metals can be used to dissipate heat more quickly. Additionally, for example, the processing module, the RF module, and the power supply module can each include individual housings (e.g., to provide thermal conductivity and heat dissipation to the exterior of the individual components), which can provide additional environmental protection, impact protection, and thermal conductivity for the internal components. Thus, the RF system can advantageously provide shielding of sensitive components from weather, sunlight (e.g., heat), and other external threats (e.g., processor throttling due to high temperatures) that can damage or reduce the efficiency of the equipment. As mentioned above, the RF system may also include EMI protection, for example, for various modules of the system.

[0131] In various embodiments, the cooling component 124 may include a liquid cooling element that uses a liquid (e.g., water, liquid nitrogen) to cool the other hardware components 103. The use of the cooling component 124 may maintain or increase the clock speed of elements of the processing module 130 (e.g., processor 136, GPU 138).

[0132] iv. Communication Components The communication components 129 may include various components of the RF system that provide or enable communication between the components of the RF system and with other systems and sensors. Such communication components 129 may include, for example, wires, optical fibers, transceivers, plugs, jacks, connectors, and / or the like.

[0133] The communications component 129 includes wiring between the directional antenna 122 and the individual RF modules 131. Such wiring may include a plug and associated connector on a wire from the antenna, providing an interface to the outside world of the RF system, enabling the antenna wire to be plugged into the plug and providing electrical communication between the antenna and the RF module. The communications component 129 includes similar wiring (including wires, plugs, connectors, and / or the like for providing electrical communication) between the direction finder 120 and one or more of the RF modules 131 and / or processing modules 130. The communications component 129 also includes wiring or communication between the RF modules 131 and the processing modules 130, between multiple processing modules 130, and between the processing modules 130 and external systems or sensors 104, the central processing server 107, and / or the user devices 110.

[0134] In various implementations, the communication component 129 may include electrical, optical, and / or electromagnetic communication channels. The communication component 129 may include components for communicating with other systems remote from the system. For example, the communication component 129 may include a remote data interface, such as a radio transmitter.

[0135] In various embodiments, communications component 129 may include one or more digital data interfaces and transmit or receive digital data over wired or wireless links. For example, communications component 129 may include one or more wireless transceivers, one or more antennas, and / or one or more electronic systems (e.g., front-end modules, antenna switch modules, digital signal processors, power amplifier modules, and / or the like) that support communications over one or more communications links and / or networks. In some examples, each transceiver may be configured to receive or transmit different types of signals based on different wireless standards via an antenna (e.g., an antenna chip). Some transceivers may support communications using low-power wide-area network ("LPWAN") communications standards. In some examples, one or more transceivers may support communications using a wide-area network ("WAN"), such as a cellular network transceiver enabling 3G, 4G, 4G-LTE, or 5G. Additionally, one or more transceivers may support communications via a Narrowband Long Term Evolution ("NB-LTE"), Narrowband Internet of Things ("NB-IoT"), or Long Term Evolution Machine Type Communications ("LTE-MTC") communications connection with a wireless wide area network. In some cases, one or more transceivers may support Wi-Fi communications. In some cases, one or more transceivers may support data communications via the Bluetooth® or Bluetooth Low Energy ("BLE") standard. In some embodiments, one or more transceivers may be capable of downconverting and / or upconverting baseband or data signals from and / or to wireless carrier signals.In some embodiments, communications component 129 may wirelessly exchange data between other components, such as other parts of the system or another system, a mobile device (e.g., a smartphone, a laptop, and / or the like), a Wi-Fi network, a WLAN, a wireless router, a cellular tower, a Bluetooth® device, and / or the like. The antenna may be capable of transmitting and receiving various types of wireless signals, including, but not limited to, Bluetooth®, LTE, or 3G.

[0136] The communications component 129 may also comprise aspects of a PNT component 140 in various embodiments.

[0137] v. Processing Module As mentioned above, each module enclosure of the RF system can include a processing module and an RF module, including electronic circuitry, that can be configured to connect to and operate one, two, three, four, or more individual directional wideband antennas. For example, each processing module 130 can include memory 132, one or more motherboards 134, one or more processors 136, one or more GPUs 138, one or more software-defined radio ("SDR") transceivers, and one or more positioning, navigation, and timing ("PNT") components 140. The processing module 130 can be configured to receive transmissions from and provide transmissions via one or more directional antennas. In various embodiments, a single module enclosure can be configured with one processing module 130 and can support two directional wideband antennas, and the antennas can be installed in a single location, or the antennas can be installed a distance apart (e.g., 5, 10, 100 feet apart) and connected to the same module enclosure. For example, one may be installed on the north side of a building facing north, and another may be installed on the east side of the same building facing east. Alternatively, the antennas may be installed in the northeast corner of the same location, with one antenna facing north and the other facing east. In various embodiments, two module enclosures joined together in a single RF system can be configured with two processing modules 130 and can support four directional wideband antennas, and the antennas can be installed in a single location, or the antennas can be installed a distance apart (e.g., 5, 10, 100 feet apart) and connected to the same RF system.

[0138] Also, as described above, the processing modules 130 may each comprise system-on-module (“SOM”) aspects and therefore may be referred to herein as “SOM modules.” In implementations in which a given RF system 102 includes two or more processing modules 130 (e.g., when the RF system includes two or more module enclosures), the multiple processing modules 130 may communicate with each other directly and provide the functionality described herein, or may communicate with each other via a system management module, which may provide collaborative functionality between the multiple processing modules 130. In implementations that use a system management module, the system management module may provide communications with other external systems or sensors and relay those communications to the multiple processing modules 130. In various implementations, the system management module may incorporate components and / or functionality of one or more of the processing modules, such as the PNT component 140. In various implementations, when the RF system 102 includes two or more processing modules 130, one of the processing modules can be manually and / or automatically designated to act as a system management module (thus, there is no physically separate system management module) and provide the coordination and communication functionality described above. The system management module may also be referred to as and / or may comprise a system controller module.

[0139] The memory 132 can include non-volatile memory and / or volatile memory. The non-volatile memory may include flash memory or solid-state memory. The memory 132 can store software instructions for implementing the operation of the RF system as described herein. The memory 132 can also store AI / ML models and other information needed to perform object detection and signal generation.

[0140] The motherboard 134 may be referred to as a main board, a main circuit board, or some other central processing system. The motherboard 134 may include a main printed circuit board ("PCB"). The motherboard 134 may include various communication interfaces or buses to enable communication between components of the processing module 130, such as the memory 132, one or more processors 136, one or more GPUs 138, one or more SDR transceivers, and one or more PNT components 140. The motherboard 134 may provide connectors for other elements described herein. The motherboard 134 may include significant subsystems, such as a central processor, chipset input / output and memory controllers, interface connectors, and other components integrated for general use.

[0141] The one or more processors 136 may include any type of general-purpose central processing unit ("CPU"), in various embodiments, the one or more processors 136 may include one or more processors of any type, including, but not limited to, a complex programmable logic device ("CPLD"), a field programmable gate array ("FPGA"), an application specific integrated circuit ("ASIC"), or the like.

[0142] One or more GPUs 138 may include any type of specialized electronic circuitry capable of performing advanced calculations that may run slower or less efficiently on (or may not be executable on) a general-purpose processor. GPUs 138 include high-speed memory and highly parallel structures and can process large blocks of data in parallel. For example, GPUs 138 may be configured to perform matrix calculations, linear algebra calculations, Fourier transforms, and / or other advanced calculations, including running ML models as described herein. Also, for example, GPUs 138 may be configured to perform many calculations per second (e.g., 10, 15, 20, 30, or more teraflops per second). These GPUs 138 may include their own memory and / or processors or may execute instructions stored in memory 132 and / or as instructed by processor 136. The instructions may be executed by processor 136 and / or GPU 138. For example, processor 136 may instruct GPU 138 to apply an ML model to the sampled RF data, e.g., to determine the type of object, as described herein. Additionally or alternatively, processor 136 may support making calculations and other decisions.

[0143] Various aspects and functionality of processing module 130 may correspond to aspects of the system described with reference to FIG. 3, and therefore the components and functionality described with reference to FIG. 3 may also be applicable to processing module 130.

[0144] The SDR transceiver 139 comprises circuitry and functionality to produce, modify, detect, sense, or otherwise cooperate with RF signals as described herein. For example, the SDR transceiver 139 may be configured to transmit / receive signals, which may be mixed, filtered, amplified, modulated / demodulated, and / or detected using one or more components described herein. As a further example, the SDR transceiver 139 may receive instructions from the processor 136 and generate one or more signals for transmission by the RF system (e.g., to target an identified object). The SDR transceiver 139 may then generate signals, which may then be communicated to the RF module 131 for amplification and transmission via the directional antenna 122 (including instructions regarding the amount of power to transmit on any applicable antennas, for targeting, if necessary).

[0145] The SDR transceiver 139 may include one or more analog-to-digital converters (“ADCs”) and one or more digital-to-analog converters (“DACs”). For example, received signals (e.g., received via a directional antenna and RF module and communicated to a processing module) may be passed through the ADCs for further digital domain sampling and analysis, as described herein. Signals to be transmitted may be generated by the SDR transceiver and passed through the DACs before being communicated to the RF module for amplification and transmission via a directional antenna. In various implementations, the ADCs and DACs may be located anywhere in the system, for example, as separate components of the processing module and / or RF module.

[0146] In various embodiments, the RF system, e.g., processing module 130, may include PNT capabilities. Such PNT capabilities may be provided by one or more PNT components 140, which may include, for example, global positioning satellite system capabilities (e.g., Global Positioning System (“GPS”) capabilities), among other PNT functions. One or more PNT components 140 may further provide orientation information, altitude information, angle / tilt information, and / or the like. In some implementations, PNT capabilities 140 may be provided, in whole or in part, within and / or by direction finder 120. PNT capabilities may also be referred to herein as “positioning capabilities,” and one or more PNT components 140 may also be referred to herein as “positioning components” and / or the like. The PNT capabilities of the RF system may be used, for example, in object location determination and / or tracking, as described herein, since such functionality may depend on the position, orientation, tilt, and / or the like of the RF system (e.g., such that the correct directional antenna 122 with the correct orientation and tilt may be used to detect or target an object).

[0147] vi. RF Module Each RF module 131 may include one or more power amplifiers 126, one or more filters and / or limiters 128, and one or more multiplexers 125. As described herein, in various implementations, each RF module 131 may communicate with one directional antenna 122. Furthermore, each RF module 131 may both receive RF signals via the associated directional antenna and cause transmission of RF signals via the associated directional antenna. The received signals may be communicated to the processing module 130, with which the RF module 131 communicates. Similarly, the processing module 130 (via the SDR transceiver 139) can provide signals to the RF module 131 for transmission.

[0148] The radio frequency ("RF") power amplifier 126 can include amplifiers for both received signals and transmission of signals. In various implementations, the system can include multiple signal channels, and therefore multiple amplifiers, for both reception and transmission. In various implementations, the power amplifier 126 can drive an antenna or modify the received signal so that the output can include improved gain, power output, bandwidth, power efficiency, linearity (e.g., low signal compression at rated power), input and output impedance matching, and / or heat dissipation. In various implementations, the power amplifier 126 can include a preamplifier that can amplify signals within the radio frequency range of about 20 kHz to about 300 GHz and / or precede other signal processing stages.

[0149] One or more filters and / or limiters 128 can provide signal filtering and / or limitation primarily for received signals, but optionally also for transmit signals. Filters can include, for example, wideband, narrowband, high-pass, low-pass, notch, and / or other types of filters for RF signals. In some embodiments, filters can be configured to reduce noise in received and / or transmitted RF signals. Limiters can include various circuit elements, for example, to limit the power of signals received by the RF system. Generally, RF module 131 operates in the analog domain (e.g., analog signals are communicated from the processing module / SDR transceiver to the RF module), although some aspects may, in some implementations, be in the digital domain (e.g., if ADCs and / or DACs are provided on the RF module and / or if some filtering and / or limitation is performed by the RF module in the digital domain).

[0150] The RF module also includes a multiplexer and can provide reception and transmission via the directional antenna. For example, the multiplexer of the RF module can switch between receiving RF signals from the directional antenna (and providing the received signals to the processing module) and transmitting RF signals (received from the processing module) via the directional antenna. In various implementations, at least two communication links are provided between the processing module and the RF module to enable reception and transmission functionality. In various embodiments, the RF system may periodically, intermittently, on-demand, rapidly, and / or programmatically switch between receiving and transmitting signals. In various embodiments, the RF system may simultaneously receive and transmit signals (e.g., one set of directional antennas and RF modules may be for receiving, and another set of directional antennas and RF modules for transmitting). In various embodiments, the multiplexer can modulate and / or demodulate the signals being received and / or transmitted.

[0151] In various embodiments, the RF system may include one or more FPGAs, or ASICs can be used in place of general-purpose processors or specialized digital signal processors ("DSPs") with specific parallel architectures to facilitate operations such as filtering. In various embodiments, the RF system may include one or more additional amplifiers and / or other circuit components to provide the functionality described herein.

[0152] a. Exemplary Software Components of an RF System 1C illustrates a block diagram of example software components 105 of RF system 102 (and / or RF system 106) in accordance with various embodiments of the present disclosure. In addition to the description below, further details of the software components and associated functionality of the RF system are described below, for example, with reference to FIGS. 10-15 . The software components 105 may include an RF transmission component 160, an AI / ML component 162, digital signal filtering 164, an external data system 166, a tracking component 168, power control 170, and raw signal storage 172. In various embodiments, the software components 105 are implemented within one or more of the hardware components 103 of RF system 102. For example, the software components 105 may be implemented by processing module 130 (e.g., may comprise software instructions stored in memory and executed by a processor, GPU, SDR transceiver, and / or the like of processing module 130).

[0153] In various embodiments, one or more of the software components 105 may comprise executable software instructions, modules, engines, and / or the like that may communicate with each other, share computer resources, and perform various tasks along with specific functionality such as tracking signals or objects, identifying signals, generating signals, transmitting signals, training / sharing / applying AI / ML models, reducing / increasing power output, or the like. Each task may involve one component of the software components 105 or multiple components. In various embodiments, functionality may be shared by each of the software components 105. In various embodiments, functionality may be shared by some of the software components 105 and the hardware components (e.g., 103) or other devices and systems.

[0154] Generally, the RF system's software component 105 may enable tracking of objects, detection and / or identification of one or more RF signals captured by connected antennas, and / or generation of determination and transmission of signals to tracked objects via one or more directional antennas. For example, the software component may implement machine learning (“ML”) algorithms, artificial intelligence (“AI”) algorithms, ML models, programmed algorithms, and / or the like (generally and collectively referred to herein as “AI / ML algorithms,” “AI / ML models,” or simply “ML algorithms,” “ML models,” and / or the like) that may implement models, e.g., via a machine learning component. Having an AI / ML model identify RF signals can advantageously provide a significant improvement over conventional systems, as many detected signals may contain some level of interference, be relatively weak, difficult to detect, or otherwise difficult to identify due to other factors. In various embodiments, the machine learning component may apply one or more ML models or parameter functions for detection / identification. The machine learning component can be configured to apply one or more ML models that can help detect a type of RF signal (e.g., a range of RF signals, a particular frequency or combination of frequencies, and / or the like) that is indicative of a type of object.

[0155] The AI / ML component 162 (also referred to above as the “machine learning component”) can be configured to store, update, and / or apply one or more AI / ML models, programmed algorithms, and / or the like. As will be described in more detail herein, the AI / ML models implemented in the AI / ML component may be, for example, one or more models trained to identify the frequency (or associated signal properties), object, class or type of object, or other characteristic of a detected object based on the received RF signal emitted from the object. In some embodiments, the AI / ML component 162 may also be responsible for generating and / or training one or more AI / ML models. In various implementations, the AI / ML component is implemented by one or more processors or GPUs of the processing module 130.

[0156] One or more ML models may be used to determine expected RF signal frequency ranges or additional signal characteristics based on an analysis of the received or captured data. In various embodiments, signal monitoring or signal identification criteria can be specified by a user, an administrator, or automatically. For example, the signal monitoring or signal identification criteria can indicate the type of detection to monitor, record, or analyze. By specifying a specific type of detection, resources (e.g., processing power, bandwidth, and / or the like) can be conserved for only the desired type of detection. Various types of detection are described in further detail herein.

[0157] Several different types of AI / ML algorithms and models may be used by the RF system. Furthermore, these AI / ML models may be developed, programmed, and / or trained using various methods. For example, certain embodiments herein may use a logistic regression model, a decision tree, a random forest, a convolutional neural network, a deep network, or others. However, other models, such as a linear regression model, a discrete choice model, or a generalized linear model, are also possible. The machine learning aspects can be configured to adaptively develop and update models over time based on new inputs. For example, models can be trained, retrained, or otherwise updated on a periodic basis as new received data becomes available to help keep predictions within the models more accurate as data is collected over time. Also, for example, models can be trained, retrained, or otherwise updated based on configuration received from a user, administrator, or other device. Some non-limiting examples of machine learning algorithms that may be used to train, retrain, or otherwise update a model include supervised and unsupervised machine learning algorithms, including regression algorithms (e.g., ordinary least squares regression, etc.), example-based algorithms (e.g., learning vector quantization, etc.), decision tree algorithms (e.g., classification and regression trees, etc.), Bayesian algorithms (e.g., naive Bayes, etc.), clustering algorithms (e.g., k-means clustering, etc.), association rule learning algorithms (e.g., Apriori algorithm, etc.), artificial neural network algorithms (e.g., perceptrons, etc.), deep learning algorithms (e.g., deep Boltzmann machines, etc.), dimensionality reduction algorithms (e.g., principal component analysis, etc.), ensemble algorithms (e.g., stacked generalization, etc.), support vector machines, federated learning, and / or other machine learning algorithms. These machine learning algorithms may include any type of machine learning algorithm, including hierarchical clustering algorithms and cluster analysis algorithms, such as k-means algorithms.In some cases, the implementation of machine learning algorithms may include the use of artificial neural networks. By using machine learning techniques, large amounts (such as terabytes or petabytes) of received data may be analyzed to generate or implement models with minimal or no manual analysis or review by one or more people. In some embodiments, algorithms may be programmed based on empirical data (e.g., in addition to or without implementing machine learning or artificial intelligence).

[0158] In various embodiments, an ML model of an RF system may be trained by (1) sampling raw signals (e.g., captured from one or more connected antennas), (2) signal annotation (e.g., frequency, time, and intensity), (3) signal filtering, and (4) model training. The trained model can then be applied to received or captured RF signals by the RF system for identification purposes. For example, in various embodiments, application of the trained machine learning model can comprise (1) raw signal sampling, (2) application of the trained model, and (3) output of classes and probabilities (e.g., associated with object types). A processing module can then identify the captured RF signals and / or object types based on the (3) class and probability outputs. Also, in various embodiments, application of the trained machine learning model can include a preliminary step of (0) filtering baseline signals and / or benign signals.

[0159] In various embodiments, sampling raw signals or raw signal (e.g., RF) data can include any form of data sampling. Data sampling can include, for example, statistical analysis techniques used to select, manipulate, and analyze a representative subset of data points to identify patterns and trends within a larger data set being examined. This can enable working with a small, manageable amount of data that may represent a larger, unmanageable amount of data. Sampling can advantageously enable analysis of data sets that are too large to analyze completely or efficiently within a desired amount of time. In various embodiments, the RF system may sample the raw signal over a period of time (e.g., a few milliseconds, such as 1 ms, 2 ms, 3 ms, 5 ms, 10 ms, 50 ms, etc., or some other period). In various embodiments, other or additional sampling methods may be employed.

[0160] In various embodiments, the machine learning model can be configured (e.g., by its training automatically, manually, or a combination) to monitor a specific subset of frequencies or other wave properties. For example, the processing module can detect and scan for a set of frequencies via signals received from one or more antennas, but the processing module may limit the analysis to a specific subset of frequencies. For example, this may be the result of machine learning model training where certain frequencies are not important or useful and are therefore ignored, freeing up processing power to analyze other frequencies. Also, for example, the subset of frequencies can be manually configured if there are non-hazardous devices in the area that emit certain frequencies that the system does not need to identify (e.g., the devices are already known / identified). In various embodiments, each antenna can be operated separately and similarly by the processing module (via one or more RF modules), where one antenna may monitor one subset of frequencies and another antenna communicating with the same processing module may monitor a second subset of frequencies that is different from the first subset. For example, this may be implemented where one antenna is pointed toward harmless devices and another is not. Also, in various embodiments, the subset of frequencies may be adjusted based on time of day, week, month, or year. For example, during the day, a vehicle may be positioned in front of an antenna that emits a signal at a particular frequency, and during the night, the vehicle may move so that it is not in front of the antenna.

[0161] In various embodiments, the RF system (e.g., via one or more processing modules and / or one or more RF modules) can use the identified object type (e.g., output from the applied machine learning model) to generate one or more new signals and transmit the new signals using one or more directional antennas. The new signals may be transmitted in the direction of the identified signal or one or more objects. Thus, the RF system may selectively transmit signals of variable power via various directional antennas. In various embodiments, the identified signals correspond to one or more movable objects (e.g., vehicles, boats, aircraft, drones, and / or the like), and the transmitted signals may affect communications in the vicinity of the movable objects during transmission. In various embodiments, object detection or identification or identification of a signal corresponding to an object can be received from one or more other systems or sensors. Generating signals based on the identified signals can advantageously be beneficial due to increased power efficiency / optimization. For example, instead of transmitting signals in an entire frequency band, only signals within a specific frequency or narrow range of frequencies may instead be transmitted, thereby increasing power efficiency and / or signal power and allowing for greater reach. In various embodiments, the transmitted signals may be further filtered to limit interference with sensitive non-harmful systems in the area.

[0162] RF transmission component 160 can be configured to cause transmission of an RF signal and / or generate an RF signal to be transmitted, as described above and herein. For example, RF transmission component 160 may be configured to communicate with one or more antennas (e.g., directional antenna 122 of FIG. 1B ) or other transmission devices and cause the one or more antennas to transmit an RF signal. In various embodiments, RF transmission component 160 can include at least a portion of an SDR transceiver and / or provide instructions to the SDR transceiver, including software, configured to selectively cause transmission of signals at desired frequencies, strengths, and / or directions. RF transmission component 160 may further be configured to receive tracking data from tracking component 168 to transmit an RF signal to an object being tracked by the system.

[0163] Digital signal filtering component 164 can be configured to filter raw RF signal data collected by the system, e.g., before the RF signal data is provided to AI / ML component 162 for signal analysis based on a trained AI / ML model. For example, in various embodiments, the RF system can manually or automatically remove RF signals from the collected raw RF signal data that may correspond to RF signals associated with non-harmful devices, that are devices flagged as non-harmful, or filter the raw RF signal data based on whitelists and / or blacklists (e.g., manually and / or automatically populated). Digital signal filtering component 164 can also be configured to filter raw RF signal data transmitted or emitted by the system. For example, in various embodiments, the RF system can manually or automatically remove RF signal frequencies from any generated RF signal (e.g., as transmitted by RF transmit component 160 or one or more antennas) that may correspond to RF signals associated with non-harmful devices, that are devices flagged as non-harmful, or that are based on a whitelist and / or blacklist (e.g., manually and / or automatically populated). Because digital signal filtering is primarily performed in the digital domain, received signals are typically converted to digital before this filtering, and generated signals are typically converted to analog after this filtering. In some implementations, the filtering described above may be performed partially or entirely in the analog domain. In various implementations, the digital filtering is performed by one or more of the processors or SDR transceivers of processing module 130.

[0164] The tracking component 168 can be configured to track the detected object based on the identified RF transmission received from the detected object. Further details of the operation of the tracking component 168 are described in more detail elsewhere herein, for example, with reference to FIG. 13. In various embodiments, the tracking component 168 can track the identified signal or object (e.g., whether the RF system is transmitting or not). In various embodiments, a direction finder can similarly provide more accurate tracking. For example, a direction finder, in conjunction with one or more antennas, can identify the direction from which a detected signal is emanating (e.g., whether the antenna is transmitting or not).

[0165] In various embodiments, there may be other sensors or systems (e.g., including other RF systems in the area) connected to the RF system that can provide additional data that can be used to, among other functions: (1) use machine learning models to improve the detection performed by the RF system; (2) assist the RF system in continuing to track or initiating tracking of an object or signal; and / or (3) generate and transmit a specific signal in the direction of the object, or continue to generate and transmit it. For example, if an object or signal moves from the range of one antenna connected to a first RF system (e.g., RF system 102) into the range of another antenna connected to a second RF system (e.g., RF system 106), the two RF systems can communicate and hand off tasks (e.g., identification, tracking, transmission, and / or the like), and the tasks implemented by the first RF system can continue to be performed by the second RF system. In various embodiments, the first RF system can be shut off and the second RF system can be turned on during the transition. In various embodiments, the first RF system and the second RF system may remain on and perform the same task for a period of time (e.g., 5 seconds, 1 minute, 10 minutes, and / or the like), or at least until the task is completed and both RF systems are shut off. In various embodiments, the first RF system may reduce the power utilized to implement the task in unison as the second RF system increases power (e.g., there may be a threshold power usage that is set to limit the total amount of power used by one or both RF systems at one time).

[0166] The external data system component 166 can store any desired data for implementation in conjunction with the systems and methods of the present technology, or can retrieve data from any external data storage of an external device, sensor, or system (e.g., additional systems or sensors 104, central processing server 107, and / or the like). For example, AI / ML models, data associated with known objects or classes of objects and / or RF signal characteristics associated with known objects or classes of objects, data defining signal content to be transmitted to detected and / or tracked objects, and the like may be stored and / or retrieved via the external data system 166. In various embodiments, the external data system component 166 or associated external data sources or devices can include, for example, one or more databases connected to a user device (e.g., 110), a central processing server (e.g., 107), one or more RF systems (e.g., 102 or 106), or additional systems or sensors (e.g., 104). In various embodiments, the data described above may also be stored in the memory of a processing module, as described herein.

[0167] Power control 170 can be configured for software control of power supplied to any of the various components of the system, such as any of hardware components 103 (e.g., FIG. 1B). For example, power control 170 may control selective RF transmission from antenna 122 based, at least in part, on the power supplied to antenna 122 for transmission (e.g., via an RF module). More information regarding power control is provided elsewhere herein, and an example is described with respect to FIG. 15.

[0168] Raw signal storage 172 may store raw RF signals or composite data related to raw RF signals received by the antennas. In various embodiments, raw signal storage 172 may store, for example, raw data corresponding to an analog-to-digital conversion of an RF signal received at an antenna, spectrogram data corresponding to the raw data, determined RF signals to be transmitted based on any received RF signals (e.g., as determined by an AI / ML component), or any other type of data structure indicative of raw RF signals received or transmitted by one or more antennas.

[0169] In various embodiments, each RF system may also include a software component for performing over-the-air (“OTA”) (or via an electrical wired connection) updates of various software, components, machine learning models or components, and / or the like. For example, the RF systems may connect to a central processing server 107 to receive updates. As another example, if multiple RF systems are disposed within an area, it may be beneficial for the RF systems to connect with each other and update their machine learning models over time so that each RF system has the most recent data or models available (e.g., by sending updated models or captured relevant data so that each RF system can train based on the additional data). In various embodiments, although RF systems may be in the same area, it may be beneficial to share only a portion of the data or machine learning models between the RF systems because there may be slight differences between each RF system's field of view, which may result in one model being more suitable for a first environment / area than another model that is more suitable in a second environment / area.

[0170] V. Example Implementation of an RF System 2A and 2B illustrate example implementations and orientations of one or more RF systems (eg, RF systems 102 and / or 106) during operation, according to various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0171] FIG. 2A illustrates an example implementation and orientation 200 of multiple RF systems (e.g., RF systems 102 and / or 106). In FIG. 2A, multiple RF systems 204, 206, 208, and 210 can be installed around a building or area 202 such that corresponding antennas connected to the RF systems can point away from locations that may contain sensitive equipment or otherwise be designated as protected areas to be omitted from monitoring by the RF systems. While FIG. 2A shows one arrangement, infinite arrangements can be devised for each site where RF systems are deployed / distributed. For example, the installation of each RF system, i.e., the hardware components (e.g., 103) or software components (e.g., 105) of each RF system, the type of data shared between RF systems, the areas or buildings to be omitted from the antenna's field of view, and other criteria can vary for each site where such RF systems are to be deployed.

[0172] 2A, RF systems (e.g., 204, 206, 208, and 210) are shown with one or two directional, wideband antennas corresponding to each RF system. For example, RF systems 204 and 208 are shown disposed either on the roof of building 202, adjacent to building 202, or on one of the side walls of building 202. RF systems 204 and 208 also each correspond to two antennas, each with a 90° angle of incidence. o For example, RF system 204 may have one antenna pointing toward D1 and a second antenna pointing toward D2, both of which are 90° away from each other. o Also, for example, RF system 208 may have one antenna pointing at D5 and a second antenna pointing at D6, both of which have a 90° field of view. o RF systems 206 and 210 also each support two antennas, each with a 90° field of view. oFor example, RF system 206 has one antenna pointing toward D3, and RF system 210 has one antenna pointing toward D4, and both antennas are oriented 90°. o In various embodiments, for example, the RF system 204 has a 180 o With a field of view, one antenna, or 60 o It may have three antennas, or other similar combinations, with a field of view such that the same overall field of view is achieved by the two antennas shown. In various embodiments, the RF systems (e.g., 204, 206, 208, and 210) may include any number of antennas (e.g., 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and / or the like), and antennas oriented in specific directions may be turned on or off based on software instructions, orientation to sensitive devices, orientation to other RF systems, customized preferences (e.g., based on terrain or surrounding area), objects detected within the vicinity, or the like.

[0173] Advantageously, the RF systems and their corresponding antennas are arranged such that building 202 and area 201 (which may be, for example, another building, a temporary building, a stationary vehicle, or other harmless or sensitive equipment, or the like) are located outside the field of view of the antennas. In various embodiments, data can be transmitted between the RF systems such that detection (e.g., training or application of machine learning models), tracking, and / or transmission may be, for example, coordinated.

[0174] FIG. 2B illustrates an example implementation and orientation 250 of an RF system interacting with an object 254, according to various embodiments of the present disclosure. In FIG. 2B, an RF system 252 can be installed at a location (e.g., near or on a building or area). In various embodiments, multiple directional wideband antennas can be used to cover the surrounding area. For example, FIG. 2B shows an RF system 252 including at least four antennas pointing in directions D1, D2, D3, and D4. While FIG. 2B shows one arrangement, infinite arrangements can be devised, and the RF system can include any number of antennas (e.g., 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and / or the like), and antennas pointing in specific directions can be turned on or off based on software instructions, orientation relative to sensitive devices, orientation relative to other RF systems, customized preferences (e.g., based on terrain or surrounding area), objects detected within the vicinity, or the like. The antennas can also be at least 90 o In various embodiments, for example, the RF system 252 may be o 8 antennas, or 4.5, with field of view o The same overall field of view may be achieved with the four antennas shown, with 80 antennas, or other similar combinations with the field of view. Also, for example, the placement of RF system 252, i.e., the hardware components (e.g., 103) or software components (e.g., 105) of RF system 252, the type of data shared between RF system 252 and other RF systems or devices / sensors (e.g., 104), areas or buildings to omit from any of the antennas' fields of view, and other criteria may vary with respect to RF system 252.

[0175] 2B , object 254 is shown moving in direction D5 from an area covered by a first antenna oriented in direction D1 toward an area covered by a second antenna covering direction D2. In various embodiments, power can be provided to the first antenna while object 254 is within the area covered by the first antenna to improve the performance of the first antenna associated with receiving / transmitting RF signals in direction D1. As object 254 moves along direction D2 into the area covered by the second antenna, power can be diverted from the first antenna to the second antenna so that RF system 252 can continue to effectively receive / transmit RF signals associated with object 254. In various embodiments, power can be gradually decreased with respect to the first antenna (e.g., a ⅔ power signal shown in direction D1 corresponding to the first antenna) and simultaneously gradually increased with respect to the second antenna (e.g., a ⅓ power signal shown in direction D2 corresponding to the second antenna). In various embodiments, the power can be binary, and a first antenna can be turned off as a second antenna is turned on. In various embodiments, the power per antenna can be controlled by one or more computing processing modules of an RF system (or one or more RF systems) such as those described herein based on the movement of the identified / tracked object (e.g., 254) so ​​that performance can be optimized (e.g., based on the speed of the identified / tracked object, the distance of the identified / tracked object compared to the RF system doing the tracking, the nature of the tracked signal (e.g., strength, wavelength, frequency, or the like), or the like). Additionally, in the example shown in FIG. 2B , the third antenna pointing in direction D3 and the fourth antenna pointing in direction D4 are shown as deactivated or turned off because the object 254 is not within the area covered by the third antenna or the fourth antenna. In various embodiments, all antennas can be turned on or off in the same manner, simultaneously.

[0176] In another example arrangement not shown, a first RF system can be installed in the northeast corner of a building with one antenna facing north and another facing east, and a second RF system can be installed in the southwest corner of the same building with one antenna facing south and another facing west. Thus, four antennas (and / or additional RF systems and associated antennas) connected to the two RF systems can be installed in a 360° radius around the building. o Area (or approximately 360 o The antennas can monitor the building's surroundings (area) while simultaneously omitting any signal detection originating from the building itself. As a result of the orientation, any of the antennas can transmit signals, but the transmissions can be directed away from the building so that the building and any equipment or personnel within the building are not impacted or affected by any transmissions. The orientation and signal filtering described herein can further limit interference to non-hazardous areas and equipment in an improved manner.

[0177] Advantageously, an infinite number of other arrangements (in addition to the examples provided above) of one or more RF systems and one or more directional antennas per RF system are possible using the modular and configurable RF system of the present disclosure.

[0178] VI. Additional Exemplary Hardware-Related Features and Functionality The following description of Figures 4A-4D, 5A-5E, 6, 7A-7B, 8, and 9A-9D provides further details regarding the implementation, components, and associated functionality of the RF system. While different numbers may be used to describe various aspects of the RF system compared to the foregoing description, it should be understood that similar aspects and components may include similar or identical functionality. Thus, aspects described above may apply to aspects described below, and vice versa.

[0179] 4A illustrates a perspective view of an example implementation of an RF system with one module enclosure according to various embodiments of the present disclosure. The illustrated implementation includes an RF system 402 (which may correspond to the RF system 102 described above in the implementation with a single module enclosure) with an upper enclosure 410, a module enclosure 412, a lower enclosure 414, directional antennas 406a-406b, and a direction finder 408.

[0180] The upper enclosure 410 can be disposed above the module enclosure 412. Additionally, or alternatively, the lower enclosure 414 can be disposed below the module enclosure 412. As shown, the upper enclosure 410 and the lower enclosure 414 are each adjacent to the module enclosure 412. Additionally, a surface of each of the upper enclosure 410 and the lower enclosure 414 is shown to be flush with a corresponding surface of the module enclosure 412. Together, the upper enclosure 410, the module enclosure 412, and the lower enclosure 414 may form a "modular assembly" or main housing of the RF system.

[0181] The upper enclosure 410 may include one or more air vents 416. The air vents 416 may enable or facilitate airflow within the modular assembly, such as within an interior portion or cavity of the RF system 402. Such airflow may improve cooling of one or more portions of the RF system 402 within the modular assembly, as described below. The interior portion may be sealed (e.g., liquid-sealed, fluid-sealed) from an exterior portion or interior cavity of the RF system 402. The exterior portion may be referred to herein as a peripheral portion of the RF system 402 because the exterior portion may surround or constitute the periphery of the interior portion of the RF system. The peripheral / exterior portion may surround an interior portion that houses, for example, a system module and includes, for example, a heat sink. The seal may include a hermetic seal. The seal may facilitate more efficient airflow in and out of the air vents 416 and / or air vent 430 (shown in FIG. 4B ). For example, the outer portion sealed from the inner portion can comprise, for example, components and areas 436, 438a-d, and 428 (described below with reference to FIG. 4B). The seal may comprise metal, plastic, or other impermeable or otherwise resistant material secured by a mechanism (e.g., screws with rubber O-rings, welds, caps, pins, or the like) that facilitates one or more sealed compartments. The seal may comprise a hermetic seal such that the system module and other internal components of the RF system are hermetically sealed from the outside environment. In some embodiments, a filter can be installed in front of air vents 416 and / or 430 to restrict debris from entering the inner portion (e.g., where components 440a-d, 424, 246, 432, 434, and / or 442 are located), which inner portion may be referred to herein as a channel. For example, the filter may limit or prevent dust or rocks from entering the interior portion and damaging the heat sink fins.Additionally or alternatively, the seals can reduce the accumulation of sand or other debris in the outer portion of the module enclosure 412, which may be where critical system modules 438a-438d may be located.

[0182] As shown, the air vents 416, 430 are formed (e.g., molded) as part of the upper and lower enclosures 410, 414, respectively. However, in some embodiments, the air vents are coupled to the upper / lower enclosures. The upper / lower enclosures may include coupling elements (e.g., screws, pins, snaps, adhesive, and / or the like) that couple the upper / lower enclosures to the module enclosure 412. Coupling elements, such as wing nuts, winged screws, and the like, may be configured to be manually adjusted.

[0183] The module enclosure 412 can be a housing configured to enclose or house one or more of the hardware elements described herein or other hardware components that may benefit from the described configurations. The module enclosure 412 can be configured to protect the internal elements of the RF system 402 from harsh weather conditions, environmental hazards, wildlife interference, electromagnetic interference (“EMI”), and the like. The module enclosure 412 can generally be symmetric about one or more axes. For example, the module enclosure 412 can exhibit substantial reflective and / or rotational symmetry about an axis parallel to the orientation of the major surfaces of one or more of the directional antennas 406a-406b, such as a generally vertical axis. The module enclosure 412 can generally have the shape of a rectangular parallelepiped (e.g., as shown in FIG. 4A ), a triangular prism, a cylinder, or a portion of some other regular polyhedron. The module enclosure 412 may comprise one or more regular and / or irregular shapes.

[0184] The upper enclosure 410, module enclosure 412, and lower enclosure 414, which make up the main housing of the RF system, may generally be made of a rigid or strong material, such as metal. The main housing may generally be made of aluminum, but may also incorporate sides made of other materials, such as plastic or rubber. The main housing may generally be made of materials or include coatings to protect the internal components from EMI, weather, and / or other harmful conditions.

[0185] Each of the directional antennas 406a-406b can have a generally elongated and / or planar shape. For example, the directional antennas 406a-406b can have major surfaces that face one another and each have a generally rectangular shape. Other shapes of the major surfaces are also possible, such as triangles, pentagons, other polygons, circles, ovals, or irregular shapes that may include combinations of two or more shapes. The edges of each of the directional antennas 406a-406b can abut adjacent or nearby edges at a point or along a smooth (e.g., curved) connection. As shown in FIG. 4A, for example, the connection may be curved. In some embodiments, the directional antennas 406a-406b have major surfaces shaped like organic objects such as shark fins and / or bird wings.

[0186] The major surfaces of the directional antennas 406a-406b can be covered with a protective coating and / or covering. Such protection may help protect the directional antennas 406a-406b from outdoor elements such as the sun, adverse weather conditions, wildlife, and the like. The coating and / or covering may be configured to facilitate proper and / or improved reception and / or transmission of RF signals or otherwise limit interference or reduction in reception and / or transmission of RF signals. For example, the covering may include a plastic covering, a rubber covering, a fiberglass covering, or the like. Additionally or alternatively, the protective coating and / or covering may help obscure the directional antennas 406a-406b from detection by human or animal detection or even automated detection techniques.

[0187] The directional antennas 406a-406b can be configured for rapid transportation and deployment. For example, the directional antennas 406a-406b can be sized so that an average person can lift, lower, and transport them. Additionally or alternatively, the directional antennas 406a-406b may be configured to be assembled without requiring additional tools. Each of the directional antennas 406a-406b may be coupleable to and / or detachable from the module enclosure 412 (as shown in FIG. 4A) or some other portion of the RF system 402. For example, each of the directional antennas 406a-406b may be coupleable to the RF system 402 via a snap fit, a friction fit, a threaded fit, adhesive, a sliding mechanism (e.g., using gravity and a corresponding physical structure to hold the directional antenna in place), and / or an interference fit.

[0188] As shown, each of the directional antennas 406a-406b is coupled to the RF system via a respective antenna mount 420a-420b. The antenna mounts 420a-420b may include one or more coupling points between each of the directional antennas 406a-406b and the rest of the RF system 402 (e.g., the module enclosure 412). Each of the one or more coupling points may have one or more degrees of freedom. Each degree of freedom may reflect the ability of the respective directional antennas 406a-406b to rotate about or translate along one or more axes. For example, each of the coupling points may have up to six degrees of freedom in some embodiments. As shown, the antenna mounts 420a-420b include a single coupling point and two degrees of freedom: a first degree of freedom associated with angular rotation and a second degree of freedom associated with axial translation. Axial translation may allow the individual directional antennas 406a-406b to be extended further from and / or moved closer to the module enclosure 412. Other arrangements are also possible, some of which are described with respect to FIG. 5E below.

[0189] Each of the directional antennas 406a-406b may be associated with an individual range of motion, such as a range of angular motion relative to a default position of each of the individual directional antennas 406a-406b. For example, each of the directional antennas 406a-406b may have a range of motion that falls within approximately 0 degrees, approximately 2 degrees, approximately 4 degrees, approximately 5 degrees, approximately 8 degrees, approximately 10 degrees, approximately 12 degrees, approximately 15 degrees, approximately 20 degrees, approximately 30 degrees, approximately 35 degrees, approximately 40 degrees, approximately 45 degrees, approximately 50 degrees, approximately 60 degrees, any angle value therein, or any range having endpoints therein. For example, in some embodiments, the angular range of each of the directional antennas 406a-406b is from approximately 0 degrees to approximately 30 degrees. Other ranges of motion (or ranges thereof) are also possible. The measured angle may comprise an angle of elevation or inclination compared to the plane on which the RF system is parked (which may be identical to a line perpendicular or normal to the side surface of the RF system on which the antenna is mounted, if the RF system is mounted on a plane).

[0190] The RF system 402 may additionally or alternatively include one or more direction finders 408. The direction finders 408 may be located on an upper surface of the RF system 402, such as on an upper surface of the upper enclosure 410 and / or air vent 416. In other embodiments, the direction finders 408 may be located elsewhere, such as extending from the module enclosure 412 or the bottom surface of the RF system 402. The direction finders 408 may include directional antennas and / or receivers. The direction finders 408 may be configured to be pointed in one or more directions (e.g., around the perimeter 360 of the RF system 402). oWhile in a particular direction, the direction finder 408 can identify the received RF signal strength. In some embodiments, the signal magnitude alone is used to determine the direction of the RF transmitter. Additionally or alternatively, the direction finder 408 may be able to automatically determine the direction of the RF transmitter using other variables, such as changes in signal strength. Data collected via the direction finder 408 can be used alone or in conjunction with data collected via one or more directional antennas (e.g., directional antennas 406a-406d) to determine the location from which the detected signal is emitting.

[0191] The direction finder 408 may include a motor configured to automatically adjust the orientation of the direction finder 408. The direction finder 408 may be able to use knowledge of the radiation pattern of the direction finder 408 to improve its own accuracy, such as using trained machine learning models described herein.

[0192] The direction finder 408 may comprise a Doppler system coupled to an omnidirectional antenna configured to be rotated around a circular circumference. In such an embodiment, as the direction finder 408 moves toward the RF source, the Doppler shift will increase the received frequency, but as the direction finder 408 moves away from the RF source, the received frequency will decrease as the direction finder 408 moves away from the RF source. The change in frequency can be used to determine the direction of the RF source. The change in frequency may be calculated by demodulating the RF signal (e.g., frequency modulation (“FM”) demodulation).

[0193] In some embodiments, multiple antennas may be used within the direction finder 408 and along an array pattern (e.g., in a circle) on the direction finder 408. Each of the multiple antennas may be sampled in a pattern (e.g., sequentially around a circle).

[0194] The direction finder 408 may use monophasic pulse or sum-and-difference techniques. The multiple antennas of the direction finder 408 are used to detect a target angular range (e.g., 180° o , 270 o , 360 o , and / or equivalents) to generate sum and difference signals. The RF system 402 may calculate the ratio of the sum and difference signals based on the sum and difference patterns. Based on this information, the RF system 402 may determine the direction of the RF transmitter. Additionally, or alternatively, the direction finder 408 may identify phase information and determine which side of the sum pattern is associated with the RF transmitter. This approach may be advantageous by allowing the direction finder 408 to determine the direction of the transmitter after receiving a single pulse, which may be only a few microseconds in duration.

[0195] The direction finder 408 may include an omnidirectional antenna. In some embodiments, the omnidirectional antenna may include two or more crossed loop antennas. An array of omnidirectional antennas may form an array (e.g., an Adcock array) and be used to more accurately and / or quickly identify RF sources. Other arrangements are also possible.

[0196] The RF system 402 can include one or more mounting surfaces 448. As shown, the mounting surface 448 is on the bottom surface of the lower enclosure 414, but the mounting surface 448 may be located anywhere. The mounting surface 448 can be configured to be mounted to a mounting portion, such as another modular assembly and / or a tripod or other mounting system. The mounting surface 448 may be on the underside of the air vent 430 (shown in FIG. 4B ). In some cases, the mounting surface 448 may include an area surrounding the air vent 430 on the lower enclosure 414.

[0197] The RF system 402 may include other features, such as a control panel 422. The control panel 422 may include one or more buttons, levers, and / or interface elements that may allow a user to view and / or modify details related to the RF system 402. For example, the control panel 422 may include indicators that show the status of the RF system 402 (e.g., on / off, active / inactive, transmit / receive, and / or the like). In some embodiments, the control panel 422 may include a touchscreen interface, such as a graphical user interface. A user may be able to modify the status of the RF system 402 using the touchscreen. In some embodiments, the control panel 422 may include options for turning the RF system 402 off or on. In some embodiments, the control panel 422 may include options for activating the "search mode" and other special or custom operating modes described herein. For example, one or more of the directional antennas (e.g., directional antennas 406a-406d) can be deactivated or activated.

[0198] The RF system 402 may have an overall height (eg, length) of about 20 cm to about 180 cm. The RF system 402 may have a total weight of about 10 kg to about 75 kg.

[0199] 4B illustrates a cross-section along a vertical plane of the perspective view of an example implementation of the RF system of FIG. 4A. The RF system 402 may include an upper enclosure vent cavity 424 within the air vent 416, one or more upper enclosure cavities 428, one or more lower enclosure cavities 436, and a lower enclosure vent cavity 432 within the air vent 430. One or more of the upper enclosure cavities 428 and / or the lower enclosure cavities 436 may generally form a loop around a center or interior portion of the RF system 402 (e.g., module enclosure 412). The interior portion may generally include portions of the RF system 402 that are disposed within multiple internal structures, such as walls or even thermal interfaces 444a-444d. In some embodiments, the upper enclosure cavity 428 and / or the lower enclosure cavity 436 can be part of the interior portion of the RF system 402 and can serve to provide additional space for airflow so that the system modules 438a-438d can be cooled. For example, in such a configuration, surfaces of the upper enclosure cavity 428 and / or the lower enclosure cavity 436 adjacent to the system modules 438a-438d can be sealed.

[0200] The RF system 402 may house one or more cooling fans, such as an upper enclosure fan 426 and / or a lower enclosure fan 434. The upper enclosure fan 426 may be generally disposed within the upper enclosure 410 and / or the upper enclosure vent cavity 424. The upper enclosure fan 426 may be disposed near the air vent 416 and facilitate the flow of heated air from the interior of the RF system 402 to the outside through the air vent 416. Additionally or alternatively, the lower enclosure fan 434 may be generally disposed within the lower enclosure vent cavity 432 and / or the lower enclosure cavity 436. The lower enclosure fan 434 may be disposed near the air vent 430 and facilitate the flow of heated air from the air vent 430 to the outside. The lower enclosure fan 434 may be configured to draw air into the air vent 430 and push the air upward through the heat sinks 440a-440d in the inner portion and out the air vent 416. The upper enclosure fan 426 may be configured to draw air in the same direction as the lower enclosure fan 434. Additionally, or alternatively, the upper enclosure fan 426 and the lower enclosure fan 434 may be configured to rotate in the same direction. Drawing air upward into and within the inner portion may be beneficial because it works in concert with the natural flow of warmer air relative to the ambient air. Additionally, this arrangement may allow air to exit through the air vent 416, which may also help reduce the amount of sand or other debris from entering the inner and / or outer portions of the RF system 402. In some embodiments, it may be beneficial to create a positive pressure system (e.g., both fans blowing air into the inner portion of the RF system 402). In some embodiments, it may be beneficial to create a negative pressure system (eg, both fans blowing air out of the interior portion of the RF system 402).

[0201] One or more system modules 438a-438d may be housed within at least a portion of the module enclosure 412. As shown in FIG. 4B , the system modules 438a-438d are disposed within an outer portion of the interior of the module enclosure 412. The outer portion generally surrounds the inner portion of the RF system 402. The outer portion may include wiring or other data / power connections coupling one or more system modules 438a-438d among one another, as described herein (e.g., FIG. 6 ). To enable wiring or other data / power connections, the upper enclosure cavity 428, the lower enclosure cavity 436, and the module enclosure cavity 446 may include openings through which wires may extend, and / or printed circuit boards (“PCBs”) may be located to couple together various modules, fans, control panels, and external connections (e.g., connections to antennas, direction finders, external power, and / or the like). External connections may include various ports and associated connectors for connecting data and / or electrical communications between components outside the module enclosure (e.g., antennas, direction finders, external power, and / or the like) and components inside the module enclosure (e.g., various modules). The ports may allow power cables and / or wires to be plugged therein and may provide a waterproof or other weatherproof seal. System modules 438a-438d may include RF module 438a, SOM module 438b, RF module 438c, and power supply module 438d. Other modules are also possible. The following descriptions that refer to particular modules and aspects of the RF system may be understood to apply to other implementations of those modules and aspects as well.

[0202] The RF module 438a may include, for example, an amplifier and / or a multiplexer. The RF module 438a may be in communication with and / or otherwise coupled to a corresponding directional antenna 406a (not shown in FIG. 4B). The RF module 438a may include a multi-channel (e.g., four-channel) power amplifier configured to amplify the RF signal output by the directional antenna 406a. The power amplifier may operate at a frequency between about 70 MHz and about 6 GHz. The RF module 438a may be configured to output a radio signal of at least about 20 W per channel. The multiplexer may switch between a transmit mode and a receive mode. Additionally or alternatively, the multiplexer may modulate the transmitted signal according to a target signal amplitude and / or frequency. Multiplexing may be performed in combination with one or more other elements of the RF system 402, such as the SOM module 438b (e.g., see the discussion of the SOM module 538b in FIG. 6). The multiplexer may include a receive channel switch matrix that allows RF module 438a to multiplex the current capabilities of the associated directional antenna 406a. RF module 438c may include one or more of the features described above. RF module 438c may be coupled to directional antenna 406b in one or more ways described above with respect to how RF module 438a is coupled to directional antenna 406a.

[0203] As mentioned above, the RF system can include one or more processing modules. The processing module may have system-on-module ("SOM") aspects and therefore may be referred to herein as a "SOM module." The SOM module 438b can include integration of digital and analog functions on a single processing board. The SOM module 438b can include a processor, memory, computer-executable code, and / or other elements configured to perform certain functions described herein. In some embodiments, the SOM module 438b can include a trained machine learning model that is trained to identify target RF signals that may originate from a source of interest. The trained machine learning model may additionally or alternatively be stored within one or more other components described herein. The SOM module 438b may include a software-defined radio ("SDR") transceiver configured to perform one or more functions traditionally performed by different types of hardware (e.g., signal mixing, signal filtering, signal amplification, signal modulation and / or demodulation, signal detection, and / or the like). The SOM module 438b receives one or more attributes of the RF signal from one or more elements of the RF system 402 (e.g., from the directional antenna 406a and / or the directional antenna 406b) and can determine a source direction (e.g., from the direction finder 408, the directional antenna, and / or via communication with other aspects of the operating environment 100, as described above), a source amplitude, a source frequency, a source identifier, and / or another aspect of the source. Based on one or more of the source direction, source amplitude, source frequency, and / or source identifier, the SOM module 438b uses an ML model to determine a target type and one or more signals to transmit to the target object. Additionally, the SOM module 438b can transmit instructions and / or data related to one of those aspects to another element of the RF system 402, a different element of the RF system 402, and / or a remote computing device (e.g., a remote server).Thus, the SOM module 438b can help identify the source and / or transmit information based on that identification. In some embodiments, the SOM module 438b can modify the direction, amplitude, frequency, and / or other attributes of the RF signals transmitted by the directional antennas 406a-406b. In some embodiments, the RF system 402 can modify the direction of the transmitted RF signals based on the identified attributes of the received RF signals. The directional antennas 406a-406b may be configured to receive signals in a relatively wide bandwidth and / or angular arc to identify the source signal. Additionally or alternatively, the directional antennas 406a-406b may be configured to transmit RF signals in a relatively narrower or more precise bandwidth and / or angular arc to interfere with or jam a target source signal or hardware emitting the source signal. In some embodiments, the primary receive and / or transmit angular arc of one of the directional antennas is approximately 80°. o (80 degrees) ~ approx. 110 o (110 degrees), but other arcs are also possible.

[0204] The power supply module 438d can provide sufficient power to one or more of the other system modules 438a-438c and / or other elements of the RF system 402 to perform their respective functions. The power supply module 438d can include and / or be coupled to a power source (e.g., battery, grid power, generated power). The power supply module 438d can be coupled to an external and / or internal power source (e.g., in some embodiments, the RF system includes an internal battery power source that provides power to the RF system components via the power supply module). The power supply module 438d can convert power from one characteristic to another. For example, the power supply module 438d may convert AC power to DC power and can output the DC power at multiple voltages and amperages as needed by the various components of the RF system 402. Additionally or alternatively, the power supply module 438d can output at least 1,200 W of power at a voltage between approximately 16 and 50 V. Additionally or alternatively, power supply module 438d can output at least 25 A of power. Power supply module 438d may be configured to transmit data to and / or from one or more of the other system modules 438a-438c. In some embodiments, power supply module 438d may be replaced with another system module, and RF system 402 can be connected to power via electrical wires or to another power source (e.g., another RF system).

[0205] The system modules 438a-438d and power / data communications may be located at least partially or completely within the outer portion of the RF system 402. Because the system modules 438a-438d may each produce heat that may need to be released to the outside air, having this outer portion arrangement may allow air to flow through the inner portion of the RF system 402. Inside the inner portion, the RF system 402 may include one or more heat sinks 440a-440d configured to allow heat from the system modules 438a-438d to be transferred from the system modules 438a-438d to one or more individual heat sinks 440a-440d. Each system module may include an individual housing, which may be made of a thermally conductive material such as metal. One or more of the heat sinks 440a-440d may be located at least partially within the inner portion of the module enclosure 412. Heat sinks 440a-440d can be thermally coupled to (e.g., adjacent to) corresponding thermal interfaces 444a-444d. Each of the thermal interfaces 444a-444d can be coupled to a corresponding one or more of the system modules 438a-438d. For example, thermal interface 444a can be thermally coupled to RF module 438a, and thermal interface 444b can be thermally coupled to SOM module 438b. The thermal interfaces can be made of a thermally conductive material, such as metal. Each of the heat sinks 440a-440d can be shaped to increase heat radiation therefrom and / or allow increased airflow therethrough to facilitate the transfer of heat away from any corresponding element via convection, conduction, and / or radiation. For example, one or more of the heat sinks 440a-440d can include a zipper fin shape. The zipper fin shape can include multiple peaks and valleys, which can provide high structural integrity while providing high heat transfer. Heat sinks 440a-440d can include, for example, multiple metal (e.g., copper, aluminum, iron, and / or the like) fins.In some embodiments, each fin is plated with a corrosion-resistant layer such as metal (e.g., nickel plating). The upper enclosure fan 426 and / or the lower enclosure fan 434 can help promote air movement through a central portion of the RF system 402 to improve heat transfer away from the system modules 438a-438d. In some embodiments, the RF system 402 includes a plug 442 that can promote airflow through the heat sinks 440a-440d, such as by directing airflow through the structure of the heat sinks 440a-440d instead of through the gaps between them. The plug 442 can be positioned on the axis of the RF system 402. In some embodiments, the system modules can include additional thermal management features to direct heat to surfaces that contact the thermal interfaces 444a-444d. The system modules may also include thermal paste or material placed between the thermal interfaces 444a-444d and the adjacent surfaces of the corresponding system modules to improve heat transfer efficiency.

[0206] Figure 4C shows a side view of the RF system 402 shown in Figure 4A. Figure 4D shows a cross-section of the top view of the RF system 402 of Figure 4A along cross-section 4D shown in Figure 4C. As shown in Figure 4D, the RF system 402 can include one or more module enclosure cavities 446. The module enclosure cavities 446 can include communication links (e.g., wiring) and / or other elements described herein.

[0207] 4D , one or more of heat sinks 440a-440d (e.g., heat sink 440a and heat sink 440c) may have heating elements (e.g., fins) that are longer (or otherwise have a larger surface area) than others of heat sinks 440a-440d (e.g., heat sink 440b and heat sink 440d). Heating elements with a larger surface area may facilitate improved heat transfer and / or dissipation. Thus, system modules 438a-438d, such as RF module 438a and RF module 438c, may be coupled to corresponding heat sinks (heat sink 440a and heat sink 440c) that produce a higher amount of heat and therefore have a larger surface area than the other combined heat sinks.

[0208] 5A illustrates a perspective view of an example implementation of an RF system comprising two module enclosures, according to various embodiments of the present disclosure. The illustrated implementation includes an RF system 502 (which may correspond to the RF system 102 described above in an implementation having two module enclosures) comprising an upper enclosure 410, a module enclosure 412, a mating enclosure 504, a second module enclosure 512, a lower enclosure 414, directional antennas 406a-406b, and a direction finder 408. The module enclosure 512 may include one or more features of the module enclosure 412. The module enclosure 512 can be disposed between the mating enclosure 504 and the lower enclosure 414. Additionally or alternatively, the module enclosure 412 can be disposed between the upper enclosure 410 and the mating enclosure 504. The RF system 502 may represent a duplex or dual modular assembly. Other RF systems 502 may comprise triple, quadruple, or higher modular assemblies in some embodiments. Higher modular assemblies may include additional modular enclosures and splice enclosures between adjacent or consecutive modular enclosures. The higher modular assemblies may also optionally include additional directional antennas. As noted above, the RF system 502 may be configured to be manually assembled. For example, a user may be able to convert the RF system 402 (e.g., a single modular assembly) into the RF system 502 (e.g., a dual modular assembly) without the need for machinery or certain tools (e.g., uncommon tools).

[0209] The mating enclosure 504 can include coupling elements (e.g., screws, pins, snaps, adhesive, and / or the like) that couple the modular enclosure to the mating enclosure. Coupling elements, such as wing nuts, winged screws, and the like, can be configured to be manually adjusted.

[0210] The RF system 502 may have an overall height (eg, length) of about 30 cm to about 250 cm. The RF system 502 may have a total weight of about 35 kg to about 100 kg.

[0211] 5B illustrates a cross-section along a vertical plane of the perspective view of an example implementation of the RF system of FIG. 5A. One or more joint enclosure cavities 506 and a joint enclosure vent cavity 508 may be included within the joint enclosure 504. The joint enclosure cavities 506 may be discrete or may be joined into a single cavity. In some embodiments, the joint enclosure cavities 506 form a cavity (e.g., along a vertical axis) that surrounds a central portion of the RF system 502. Additionally or alternatively, the upper enclosure 410 and / or the lower enclosure 414 may each form a separate cavity that surrounds a central portion of the RF system 502. The joint enclosure vent cavity 508 may form part of the interior portion of the RF system, which may provide a channel for air flow through the interior portion (e.g., through the interior portion of the module enclosure 512, the joint enclosure vent cavity 508, and the interior portion of the module enclosure 412).

[0212] The second module enclosure 512 can contain within it one or more components contained within the module enclosure 412 of the RF system 402 described above. The module enclosure 512 can include one or more system modules 538a-538d, thermal interfaces 544a-544d, heat sinks 540a-540d, and / or other components described above. As shown in FIG. 5B , the module enclosure 512 houses an RF module 538a, a SOM module 538b, a second RF module 538c, a power supply module 538d, four heat sinks 540a-540d, and corresponding thermal interfaces 544a-544d. Two enclosure fans 426, 434 are shown, although more or fewer such enclosure fans may be included. RF system 502 may further include one or more plugs 542 that serve a purpose similar to, or essentially the same as, plug 442 described above.

[0213] As shown, RF module 438a, RF module 438c, RF module 538a, and RF module 538c are configured to operably couple to corresponding directional antennas 406a, directional antenna 406b, directional antenna 406c, and directional antenna 406d. In some embodiments, each modular assembly of the multi-module assembly can be configured to provide power, control, and / or amplification / multiplexing for up to two directional antennas. Thus, while the RF system 402 described above includes two directional antennas 406a-406b as a single modular assembly, RF system 502 can support up to four directional antennas 406a-406d as a dual modular assembly. Each of the directional antennas 406a-406d can be approximately 90° from a continuous directional antenna. o This arrangement can help improve the sensing capabilities (e.g., precision and / or accuracy) of the target source.

[0214] Figure 5C shows a side view of the RF system 502 shown in Figure 5A. Figure 5D shows a cross-section of the top view of the RF system 502 of Figure 5A along cross-section 5D shown in Figure 5C. As shown in Figure 5D, the RF system 502 can include one or more module enclosure cavities 546. The module enclosure cavities 546 and the mating enclosure cavities 506 can include communication links (e.g., wiring) and / or other elements described herein. For example, as mentioned above, to enable wiring or other data / power connections, upper enclosure cavity 428, lower enclosure cavity 436, module enclosure cavity 446, module enclosure cavity 546, and mating enclosure cavity 506 may include various openings and spaces through which wires may extend and / or printed circuit boards (“PCBs”) may be located to couple together various modules, fans, control panels, and external connections (e.g., connections to antennas, direction finders, external power, and / or the like).

[0215] 5D , one or more of heat sinks 540a-540d (e.g., heat sink 540a and heat sink 540c) may have heating elements (e.g., fins) that are longer (or otherwise have a larger surface area) than others of heat sinks 540a-540d (e.g., heat sink 540b and heat sink 540d). Heating elements with a larger surface area may facilitate improved heat transfer and / or dissipation. Thus, system modules 538a-538d, such as RF module 538a and RF module 538c, may be coupled to corresponding heat sinks (heat sinks 540a and heat sink 540c) that produce a higher amount of heat and therefore have a larger surface area than the other combined heat sinks.

[0216] 5E illustrates an exemplary antenna mount 420 according to certain embodiments described herein. The antenna mount 420 may correspond to any of the antenna mounts 420a-420b described above. The antenna mount 420 may include an antenna bracket 572 mounted to a side surface 570 of the RF system 502 (or RF system 402). The antenna bracket 572 may include an antenna interface 578 that couples to an antenna (e.g., any of the directional antennas 406a-406d). The antenna may be coupled via a coupling device (e.g., a mounting device), adhesive, or some other coupling. In some embodiments, the antenna is machined, molded, or otherwise formed with the antenna interface 578. The antenna interface 578 may define an antenna orientation 580, which may relate to the angle or tilt of the antenna. The antenna mount 420 can be configured to modify the antenna orientation 580 (e.g., the tilt or angle of the antenna) using structures associated with the antenna mount 420.

[0217] The antenna bracket 572 can be coupled to the side surface 570 via one or more coupling features. A first coupling feature can include a sliding bracket 574. The antenna bracket 572 can be coupled to the sliding bracket 574 via a pivot point 590. The sliding bracket 574 can be slidably coupled to the side surface 570 via a track 588. The track 588 can, in some embodiments, be a linear track, as shown in FIG. 5E , for example. The track 588 can allow the pivot point 590 to translate parallel to the side surface 570 (e.g., at approximately the same distance from the side surface 570 during translation). Other arrangements are also possible. In some embodiments, the sliding bracket 574 can be secured in place via a locking pin 592 along the track 588. The track 588 can include one or more markings or other indicators to indicate a particular orientation of the antenna associated with that indicator (e.g., antenna orientation / angle / tilt 580). The markings may indicate the antenna orientation 580 and / or the degree of orientation of the associated antenna.

[0218] The second coupling feature can include a mounting bracket 576. The mounting bracket 576 can be coupled to the side surface 570 via a fixed mount 586. The mounting bracket 576 can be rotatably coupled to the fixed mount 586 via a pivot point 584. The mounting bracket 576 can be coupled to the antenna bracket 572 via a pivot point 582. The pivot point 584 can allow the mounting bracket 576 to rotate about the pivot point 584, thus modifying the position of the pivot point 582 and / or the orientation of the antenna bracket 572, thus providing a first degree of freedom for the antenna orientation 580.

[0219] In various implementations, as described below with reference to FIG. 9B , when coupling an antenna to the side of an RF module, pivot point 584 and pivot point 590 may initially be out of position such that antenna bracket 572 and mounting bracket 576 are separable from sliding bracket 574 and fixed mounting portion 586. To couple the antenna to the RF module, a user may first insert pivot point 590 of antenna bracket 572 into the receiving portion of sliding bracket 574 at a first high angle. The user may then rotate antenna bracket 572 about pivot point 590 to rotatably lock pivot point 590 into the receiving portion of sliding bracket 574. The user may then insert pivot point 584 (which may include a locking pin) and fully couple the antenna to the side of the RF module. Advantageously, therefore, the antenna may be quickly and securely coupled to the RF system without tools. Similarly, advantageously, the antenna can be quickly removed from the RF system without tools by removing pivot point 584, rotating antenna bracket 572 to a high angle, and removing pivot point 590 from the receiving portion of sliding bracket 574.

[0220] 5E , the position of antenna interface 578 can be modified in at least two degrees of freedom. The first degree of freedom may include a rotational degree of freedom, which includes rotation about pivot point 582. The second degree of freedom may include the distance of antenna interface 578 from side surface 570 based on the combination of sliding bracket 574 and mounting bracket 576. The coupling features may further include ports for connecting data and / or electrical communications (e.g., wires, cables) between antennas (e.g., directional antennas 406a-406d) and modules inside the module enclosure. The ports can allow power cables and / or wires to be plugged into one or more elements described herein. The ports can allow for waterproof or other weatherproof connections.

[0221] 6-8 illustrate block diagrams of power and / or data connections, communications, and / or transfers between one or more of the system modules of the RF system (e.g., system modules 438a-438d, system modules 538a-538d), the antennas of the RF system (e.g., directional antennas 406a-406d, direction finder 408), and external devices, as described above. FIG. 6 illustrates a system block diagram of first and second module enclosures, corresponding directional antennas, a system management module 604, and external devices. System 602 can include module enclosure 412, module enclosure 512, directional antennas 406a-406d, direction finder 408, system management module 604, and / or one or more external devices 606 (e.g., other RF systems, other systems or sensors, and / or a central processing server).

[0222] In various implementations, the direction finder 408 can communicate data with the RF modules 438a, 438c, 538a, and / or 538c. For example, the direction finder 408 may detect a signal source direction, communicate information related to the signal source direction (e.g., source direction, detection arc, magnitude, frequency, and / or the like), and transmit the information to one, two, three, or all of the RF modules 438a, 438c, 538a, and / or 538c. In addition, the directional antennas 406a-406d may communicate with the corresponding RF modules 438a, 438c, 538a, 538c. For example, the RF modules 438a, 438c, 538a, 538c may receive one or more signals from the corresponding directional antennas 406a-406d and / or cause the transmission of signals via the corresponding directional antennas 406a-406d. The RF modules 438a, 438c can communicate with, transmit information to, and receive information from, the corresponding SOM module 438b. Similarly, the RF modules 538a, 538c can communicate with, transmit information to, and receive information from, the corresponding SOM module 538b. As described herein, the SOM modules 438b, 538b may receive signals, process portions of the signals (e.g., by applying one or more ML models), and determine one or more signals for transmission among various other functionalities. For example, the SOM modules 438b, 538b may also determine the location of a target object for transmission of a signal, which determination may be made based on information from one or more of the direction finder 408, directional antennas 406a-406d, and / or external device 606. The SOM modules 438b, 538b may then cause transmission of the determined RF signals for transmission via the corresponding RF modules and directional antennas 406a-406d.

[0223] The SOM modules 438b, 538b may communicate with each other via one or more communication links 610. The SOM module 438b and / or the SOM module 538b may determine the directional antennas 406a-406d from which to transmit the RF signal. Additionally or alternatively, the SOM module 438b and / or the SOM module 538b can transmit instructions for transmission to the corresponding RF modules 438a, 438c, 538a, 538c. The RF modules 438a, 438c, 538a, 538c can then transmit signals to the corresponding directional antennas 406a-406d, causing the directional antennas 406a-406d to transmit the RF signal at the target frequency, magnitude, direction, and / or the like. The RF modules 438a, 438c, 538a, 538c can be configured to amplify and / or multiplex signals received by the corresponding SOM modules 438b, 538b. The power supply modules 438d, 538d can each provide power for elements within the corresponding module enclosure 412, 512 and / or the corresponding direction finder 408 and / or directional antennas 406a-406d.

[0224] In some embodiments, the SOM modules 438b, 538b can each communicate with the system management module 604 via one or more communication links 608. The communication links 608 may be wired or wireless. Additionally, or alternatively, the system management module 604 may be remote from the module enclosures 412, 512. In some embodiments, the system management module 604 can communicate with an external device 606 and transmit data to and from the external device 606. For example, the system management module can receive updates to machine learning models or other software, information about detected RF signals, information about RF signals to transmit, information about RF signals to transmit or receive and locations therefor, or the like. Such information can be transmitted to the SOM module, for example, for processing and coordination with other devices and components. In some embodiments, the system management module 604 can determine which directional antennas 406a-406d should transmit RF signals and / or one or more attributes of the signals. For example, the system management module 604 may determine that two of the directional antennas 406a-406d should each transmit signals at a different magnitude and / or direction. Additionally or alternatively, in some embodiments, the system management module 604 and / or the SOM module 438b, 538b may be capable of automatically controlling the transmission of the corresponding directional antennas 406a-406d.

[0225] In some implementations, the RF system may not include the system management module 604. In such implementations, the SOM modules 438b, 538b may incorporate the functionality and / or components of the system management module 604 and provide the RF system functionality described herein. As noted above, the SOM modules 438b, 538b may communicate and coordinate with each other via one or more communication links 610. The "processing modules" described above may be understood to be similar to the SOM module and / or the combined functionality of the SOM module and the system management module.

[0226] The SOM modules 438b, 538b can communicate with one or more external devices 606 via a communication link 612. The communication link 612 may be wired or wireless. Additionally or alternatively, the external devices 606 may be remote from the module enclosures 412, 512 and / or the system management module 604. The system management module 604 may be capable of communicating with the external devices 606 via a communication link 614, which may be wired or wireless. The SOM modules 438b, 538b, the system management module 604, and / or the external devices 606 may include one or more communication interfaces or components (e.g., wireless, wired data interface) via which they may be configured to transmit and / or receive data. In some embodiments, the external device 606 may include one or more of additional systems or sensors (e.g., 104), other RF systems (e.g., 106), a central processing server (e.g., 107), and / or user devices (e.g., 110).

[0227] In various embodiments, as discussed above, each of the modules (e.g., the SOM module, the RF module, the power supply module, and / or the system management module) may include various thermal bonds, heat pipes or conductors, and / or the like, internally to conduct heat to the thermal interface and thereby to the heat sink.

[0228] 7A illustrates a block diagram of an exemplary SOM module according to various embodiments. The illustrated SOM module 438b (e.g., 438a and / or 438b) includes one or more communication links 716 that enable the SOM module 438b to communicate with one or more other system modules described herein. The communication links 716 may be wired and / or wireless. The SOM module 438b may include SDR transceivers 702a-702b, one or more storage devices 704 (which may include any type of data storage, volatile or non-volatile memory, solid-state storage, and / or the like, as described above), one or more processors 706, one or more GPUs 708a-708b, one or more communication adapters and / or PHYs (e.g., physical layer or layer 1, as implemented by a PHY chip or similar chip) 712, and one or more physical connectors 714. The one or more communication interfaces 710 may comprise, for example, one or more buses or communication channels and may communicate with (e.g., wired, wireless) SDR transceivers 702a-702b, storage device 704, processor 706, GPUs 708a-708b, and / or communication adapters and / or PHYs 712.

[0229] The GPUs 708a-708b can be configured to perform advanced computations that are slower, less efficient, or impossible on a general-purpose processor. For example, the GPUs 708a-708b may be configured to perform matrix calculations, linear algebra calculations, Fourier transforms, and / or other advanced computations, including running ML models as described herein. Also, for example, the GPUs 708a-708b may be configured to perform many calculations per second (e.g., 10, 15, 20, 30, or more teraFLOPS per second). These GPUs 708a-708b may include their own memory and / or processor or may execute instructions stored on the storage device 704 and / or as instructed by the processor 706. The instructions may be executed by the processor 706 and / or the GPUs 708a-708b. For example, the processor 706 may instruct the GPUs 708a-708b to apply ML models to the sampled RF data, e.g., to determine the type of object, as described herein. Additionally or alternatively, the processor 706 may support making calculations and other decisions.

[0230] The SDR transceivers 702a-702b comprise circuitry and functionality to produce, modify, detect, sense, or otherwise cooperate with RF signals as described herein. For example, the SDR transceivers 702a-702b may be configured to transmit / receive signals that may be mixed, filtered, amplified, modulated / demodulated, and / or detected using one or more components described herein. As a further example, the SDR transceivers 702a-702b may receive instructions from the processor 706 and generate one or more signals for transmission by the RF system (e.g., to target an identified object). The SDR transceivers 702a-702b may then generate signals that may then be communicated to the RF module for amplification and transmission via directional antennas (including instructions regarding the amount of power to transmit on any applicable antennas, if necessary for targeting).

[0231] The communications interface 710 may comprise, for example, a bus and may receive and transmit data from one or more components of the SOM module 438b via various wired and / or wireless data communications connections. The communications interface 710 may transmit data to a physical connector 714 via a communications adapter and / or PHY 712. The communications interface 710 may include, for example, a PCIe switch. The communications adapter and / or PHY 712 may include hardware transmitting and / or receiving adapters and / or, for example, electrical, mechanical, and procedural interfaces to a transmission medium (e.g., using a PHY chip or other similar chip) and may define a means for transmitting a stream of raw bits over a physical data link connecting to a network node. For example, the bit stream may be grouped into code words or symbols and converted into physical signals that are transmitted over the transmission medium. Thus, the SOM module may include communications adapters and associated physical connectors to provide communications with other components using various connections and protocols, including wired and wireless. For example, the SOM module may support wired or wireless Ethernet, optical connections, and / or any other type of power or data connection.

[0232] The SDR transceivers 702a-702b may include one or more analog-to-digital converters ("ADCs") and one or more digital-to-analog converters ("DACs"). For example, received signals (e.g., received via a directional antenna and RF module and communicated to a processing module) may be passed through the ADCs for further digital domain sampling and analysis, as described herein. Signals to be transmitted may be generated by the SDR transceivers and passed through the DACs before being communicated to the RF module for amplification and transmission via a directional antenna. In various implementations, the ADCs and DACs may be located anywhere in the system, for example, as separate components of the SOM module and / or RF module.

[0233] 7B illustrates an exemplary system management module 604, according to various embodiments. In implementations in which a given RF system includes two or more SOM modules 438 (e.g., when the RF system includes two or more module enclosures), the multiple SOM modules 438 may communicate with each other directly (e.g., via communication link 610 of FIG. 6 ) and provide the functionality described herein, or may communicate with each other via the system management module 604, which may provide collaborative functionality between the multiple SOM modules 438. In implementations that use a system management module, the system management module may provide communications with other external systems or sensors and relay those communications to the multiple SOM modules 438. In various implementations, the system management module may incorporate components and / or functionality of one or more of the SOM modules, such as the PNT component 734. In various implementations, when an RF system includes two or more SOM modules, one of the SOM modules can be manually and / or automatically designated to act as a system management module (thus, there is no physically separate system management module) and provide the coordination and communication functionality described above. Accordingly, in these implementations, the components (including the PNT component 734) and functionality of the system management module 604 described below may be subsumed within, combined with, or provided by the SOM module (e.g., the SOM module may provide functionality generally coextensive with the “processing module” as described above with reference to FIG. 1B).

[0234] The system management module 604 may include one or more processors 730, one or more storage devices 732 (which, as described above, may include any type of data storage, volatile or non-volatile memory, solid-state storage, and / or the like), one or more PNT components 734, one or more communication interfaces 736, one or more security modules 735, one or more communication adapters and / or PHYs (e.g., physical layer or layer 1, as implemented by a PHY chip or similar chip) 738, one or more physical connectors 740, and / or communication links 742.

[0235] The PNT component 734 can be configured to enable the RF system to determine its location (longitude, latitude, and altitude / elevation) to target accuracy (e.g., within a few centimeters, a few meters). Location can be determined using time signals transmitted / received along line of sight with the PNT component 734 and / or one or more antennas described herein (e.g., directional antennas 406a-406d, direction finder 408). The system can be used to provide position and / or navigation for tracking the location of another device having a receiver (e.g., target source signal). For example, the PNT component 734 may be configured to determine the location and / or movement of an RF system described herein (e.g., RF system 402, RF system 502) or some other system that may be remote from the system management module 604. The PNT component 734 may receive and / or process the signals and calculate the current local time, which may enable time synchronization with one or other elements described herein.

[0236] In various embodiments, the one or more PNT components may include, for example, global positioning satellite system capability (e.g., Global Positioning System (“GPS”) capability), among other PNT functions. The one or more PNT components may further provide orientation information, altitude information, angle / tilt information, and / or the like. In some implementations, the PNT capability of an RF system may be provided, in whole or in part, within and / or by a direction finder. The PNT capability may also be referred to herein as a “positioning capability,” and the one or more PNT components may also be referred to herein as a “positioning component” and / or the like. The PNT capability of an RF system may be used, for example, in object location determination and / or tracking, as described herein, since such functionality may depend on the position, orientation, tilt, and / or the like of the RF system (e.g., such that the correct directional antenna with the correct orientation and tilt may be used to detect or target an object).

[0237] The security module 735 may be configured to secure data and / or communications associated with the system management module 604. For example, the security module 735 may secure data received by the system management module 603 or the RF system from one or more external devices, systems, sensors, and / or other RF systems. Also, for example, the security module 735 may secure data transmitted by the system management module 603 or the RF system to one or more external devices, systems, sensors, and / or other RF systems. The external devices may include, for example, additional systems or sensors 104, other RF systems, the central processing service 107, user devices 110, or any devices connected to such external devices. Security features may include one or more of encryption (e.g., end-to-end encryption, data encryption, etc.), cryptographic functions (e.g., encryption keys, etc.), and / or the like. In some embodiments, the security module 735 may also provide, for example, hardware acceleration to the system management module 604 and / or one or more other components of the RF system. In some embodiments, security module 735 may comprise one or more specialized chips to perform its configured functions. Such specialized chips may, for example, provide hardware acceleration for the encryption and / or cryptographic functions of security module 735. Some additional examples and details of the various functions of security module 735, including providing secure communications between various components of operating environment 100, are described herein and in the '436 patent.

[0238] Processor 730 may be configured to execute software instructions stored on storage device 732 and / or other elements of system management module 604. Communication interface 736 (which may comprise, e.g., one or more buses or communication channels) can receive and / or transmit signals between other components of system management module 604. Communication interface 736 can communicate signals to physical connector 740 via communication adapter 738 (similar to the description of FIG. 7A above). These signals can be communicated externally (e.g., to provide communication with the SOM module and / or external devices) as described herein via communication link 742 (similar to the description of FIG. 7A above).

[0239] 8 illustrates a block diagram of example RF modules (e.g., RF module 438a, RF module 438c, RF module 538a, RF module 538c). The shown RF module 438a may include one or more physical connectors 802, one or more multiplexers and / or filters 804, one or more transmit amplifiers, filters, and / or limiters 806, one or more receive amplifiers, filters, and / or limiters 808, and / or one or more physical connectors 810.

[0240] Physical connector 802 and physical connector 810 can communicate with other elements described herein. For example, physical connector 802 may include components for establishing wired or wireless communication with one or more antennas described herein (e.g., directional antennas 406a-406d, direction finder 408) via one or more communication links 812. Additionally or alternatively, physical connector 810 may include components for establishing wired or wireless communication with a corresponding SOM module (e.g., SOM module 438b, SOM module 538b) via one or more communication links 814. Thus, the RF module may include components (e.g., physical connectors, optionally, communication adapters) to provide communication with other components using various connections and protocols, including wired and wireless. For example, the RF module may support a dedicated wired connection for high power, wired or wireless Ethernet, an optical connection, and / or any other type of power or data connection.

[0241] The multiplexer and / or filter 804 may include one or more multiplexers. The multiplexer may switch the function of the RF module 438a, such as between transmit and / or receive functions. In some embodiments, the multiplexer may modulate and / or demodulate the signals being received and / or transmitted. The multiplexer and / or filter 804 may additionally or alternatively include one or more filters. The filters may include wideband, narrowband, high-pass, low-pass, notch, or other types of filters for the RF signals. In some embodiments, the filters may be configured to reduce noise in the received and / or transmitted RF signals. The multiplexer and / or filter 804 may serve as general multiplexing and / or filtering. The signals may be further amplified, filtered, and / or limited (e.g., at a finer level) by corresponding transmit amplifiers, filters, and / or limiters 806 and / or receive amplifiers, filters, and / or limiters 808. Whether the transmit amplifier, filter, and / or limiter 806 or the receive amplifier, filter, and / or limiter 808 is used may be based, at least in part, on the multiplexing setting associated with the multiplexer and / or filter 804.

[0242] FIG. 9A illustrates an example flow or method for assembling an RF system according to various embodiments of the present disclosure. While FIG. 9A discloses one example, other methods for assembling an RF system are also possible and are described elsewhere herein. Furthermore, in various implementations, various blocks of the flow or method may be rearranged, optional, and / or omitted, and / or additional blocks may be added. The blocks diagrammatically illustrated in FIG. 9A will be described with reference to certain hardware components of the present disclosure. However, it should be understood that the hardware components of FIG. 9A and / or individual components or subsets thereof may equally be implemented in conjunction with other hardware components, software components, and / or systems without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. Additional information regarding coupling an antenna to a module enclosure is described herein, for example, with respect to FIGS. 4A-5D.

[0243] At block 902, the method may include providing one or more module enclosures (e.g., module enclosure 412, module enclosure 512). At block 904, the method includes inserting one or more system modules (e.g., system modules 438a-438d, system modules 538a-538d) into the one or more enclosures. The method is tool-less and may include assembly of one or more elements. The system modules may be locked within and / or adhered (e.g., glued, soldered) to one or more portions (e.g., interior sides) of the module enclosure. The module enclosure may include a locking mechanism that presses the system module against the thermal interface side of the module enclosure to maximize heat transfer.

[0244] At block 906, the method may include inserting a heat sink into the interior portion of the module enclosure, the heat sink being coupled to a thermal interface, which is coupled to the system module as described above.

[0245] At block 908, the method includes coupling the upper, lower, and / or mating enclosures together to form a modular assembly. The modular assembly may be a single, double, triple, or higher modular assembly. The coupling may include couplings that can be coupled (e.g., assembled) without the need for electrical power and / or other tools. For example, the coupling may include various coupling features, such as a friction fit (e.g., a snap fit), coupling elements (e.g., screws, nails, mounting devices, and / or the like), etc.

[0246] At block 910, the method includes coupling (e.g., mounting, connecting, and / or the like) one or more antennas, such as directional antennas 406a-406d and / or direction finder 408 described above. The antennas may be coupled as described in FIG. 5E above and / or FIG. 9B below. For example, the antenna bracket may be rotatably coupled to one or more coupling features. Additionally or alternatively, one or more of the antenna bracket and / or coupling features may be fixedly coupled to a side of the RF system. In some embodiments, the antennas may all be coupled to the same part of the modular assembly (e.g., the upper module enclosure).

[0247] At block 912, the method includes providing communication links and power connections between various components, including the system modules of the RF system, during the assembly steps described above. The communication links can include various wire and / or optical connections (e.g., cables such as Ethernet), which may be provided through various cavities of the RF system enclosure, as described above. Block 912 may also include coupling one or more connectors, which may be configured to protect certain components, including the communication links and / or power connections, from adverse weather or other environmental conditions described herein. The communication links may be wired links and / or wireless data interfaces. In some embodiments, the method includes coupling one or more antennas to an exterior portion or surface of the module enclosure and providing a communication link between the one or more antennas and one or more of the one or more modules. Such an outside-to-inside communication link may be provided via one or more plugs or ports located on the exterior of the RF system, which may be configured to seal the inside of the enclosure from the outside environment and may be configured to provide a secure connection with corresponding connectors for wires originating from, for example, an antenna, an external power source, and / or the like.

[0248] At block 914, the method may include mounting the RF system. This may include mounting a portion of the modular assembly (e.g., bottom, side, top) to a mounting surface and / or mounting system (e.g., a tripod, a building, the ground, and / or the like), such as another RF system. Mounting may include coupling, whereby the components may be coupled (e.g., assembled) without the need for power and / or other tools. At block 916, the method may include providing power to the RF system, activating it, and / or operating it. Operating the RF system may include receiving RF signals via one or more antennas, processing the received RF signals, and / or transmitting RF signals at one or more frequencies.

[0249] FIG. 9B illustrates an example flow or method for coupling an antenna to a module enclosure according to various embodiments of the present disclosure. While FIG. 9B discloses one example, other methods of coupling an antenna to a module enclosure are also possible and are described elsewhere herein. Furthermore, in various implementations, various blocks of the flow or method may be reordered, optional, and / or omitted, and / or additional blocks may be added. The blocks diagrammatically illustrated in FIG. 9B will be described with reference to certain hardware components of the present disclosure. However, it should be understood that the hardware components of FIG. 9B and / or individual components or subsets thereof may equally be implemented in conjunction with other hardware components, software components, and / or systems without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. Additional information regarding coupling an antenna to a module enclosure is described herein, for example, with respect to FIG. 5E.

[0250] In block 922, a first coupling feature (e.g., sliding bracket 574) of the antenna mount (e.g., 420 in FIG. 5E and elsewhere) can be slid into a track (e.g., track 588) on a side (e.g., side 570) of the module enclosure. In some embodiments, the first coupling feature can be positioned within a track on the side of the RF system. In some embodiments, the first coupling feature may slidably move (e.g., along a line) within the track.

[0251] In block 924, a first pivot point (e.g., pivot point 590) of an antenna bracket (e.g., antenna bracket 572) can be inserted into a receiving portion of a first coupling feature (e.g., sliding bracket 574) at a first angle. The first angle may comprise a high angle. The antenna bracket then rotates about the first pivot point (e.g., pivot point 590) to rotatably lock the pivot point into the receiving portion of the first coupling feature. For example, the antenna bracket can be rotated downward from the high angle to a lower angle, where a second coupling feature can potentially couple to a fixed mount. The first pivot point may comprise a locking portion of the antenna bracket, or may comprise a cylindrically shaped portion (e.g., rod) with a notch (e.g., a notched cylinder or rod). The notch may allow engagement and disengagement of the locking portion of the antenna bracket with the receiving portion of the first coupling feature at a first angle (e.g., a high angle), but not at other angles. Thus, the locking portion of the antenna bracket may be coupled to the receiving portion of the first coupling feature by a rotational movement. The coupling between the antenna bracket, which may be coupled to the receiving portion of the first coupling feature, provides a first pivot point.

[0252] In block 926, a second coupling feature of the antenna mount (e.g., mounting bracket 576) can be coupled to a fixed mount (e.g., fixed mount 586) on a side of the module enclosure (e.g., the same side as the first coupling feature). For example, the mounting bracket (e.g., mounting bracket 576) may be rotatably coupled to the fixed mount at one end via a second pivot point (e.g., pivot point 584), and the mounting bracket (e.g., mounting bracket 576) may be coupled to the antenna bracket (e.g., antenna bracket 572) at another end via a third pivot point (e.g., pivot point 582). In some embodiments, a self-locking pin (e.g., pivot point 584) can be used to couple or secure the second coupling feature to the fixed mount. The second and third pivot points corresponding to the second coupling feature can allow the mounting bracket to rotate about the pivot points, thus modifying the position of the pivot points and / or the orientation of the antenna bracket, thus providing a first degree of freedom of antenna orientation.

[0253] In some embodiments, the first coupling feature slides directly into a track (e.g., track 588) and can be translated parallel to the side, e.g., at approximately the same distance from the side during translation. Other coupling arrangements, such as bolts, welds, screws, snaps, or the like, are also possible. In some embodiments, the first degree of freedom provided by the coupling arrangement for the first coupling feature may be absent. In some embodiments, there may be two or more degrees of freedom provided by the coupling arrangement for the first coupling feature (e.g., by incorporating additional pivot points along the mounting bracket or elsewhere). In some embodiments, a fixed mounting portion can be included on the side of the enclosure and / or RF system. In some embodiments, the first coupling feature can be coupled to the fixed mounting portion and the second coupling feature can be coupled to the antenna bracket.

[0254] At block 928, in some embodiments, optionally, an antenna can be coupled to the antenna bracket, for example, via an antenna interface (e.g., antenna interface 578 described anywhere herein). Alternatively, the antenna is machined, molded, or otherwise formed with the antenna bracket. In some embodiments, other sensor equipment or devices can also be attached to the antenna interface.

[0255] In block 930, the first coupling feature can be slid along the track to a target position and locked into place using a locking pin (e.g., locking pin 592). In some embodiments, the locking pin can be configured to lock into one of a plurality of slots (e.g., slots) located on the track. In some embodiments, the slots can be spaced apart at a specific distance (e.g., approximately every 10 mm, 1 cm, 2 cm, 5 cm, etc.). In some embodiments, the slots can be spaced apart at a specific distance, which can correspond to a specific angle or tilt of the antenna, such as that connected in block 928. The angle of the antenna can have an angle of elevation or tilt compared to the plane on which the RF system is parked (which, if the RF system is mounted on a plane, can be the same as a line perpendicular or normal to the side surface of the RF system on which the antenna is mounted). For example, a 5° tilt from a line perpendicular to the center of the antenna interface surface. o The first slot may be at a first location on the track corresponding to, for example, a 10° inclination from a line perpendicular to the center of the antenna interface surface. o There may be a second slot space at a second location on the track, spaced a distance away from the first slot, corresponding to a tilt angle. Additionally, there may be multiple slots corresponding to a tilt angle. In some embodiments, the tilt angle may be related to addressing installation issues. For example, if the RF system is installed on the roof of a building, the tilt angle may be such that the antenna connected to the antenna bracket is tilted downward (e.g., -10 o) and may need to be adjusted so that it can monitor signals closer to the Earth's surface and the sky instead of just the sky.

[0256] In block 932, the antenna wire can be coupled to the RF system via a port or connection on the RF system. In some embodiments, the port or connection can be located external or internal to the RF system. In some embodiments, the port or connection can provide an interface for power and / or data transfer to and from the antenna. For example, power and signals can be transferred from the RF module to the antenna such that the antenna transmits RF signals. Also, for example, power and signals can be transferred from the antenna to the RF module and then to a processing module for analysis and / or processing. Additional information regarding transmission and signal processing is described elsewhere herein.

[0257] FIG. 9C illustrates an example flow or method for managing heat transfer in an RF system according to various embodiments of the present disclosure. While FIG. 9C discloses one example, other methods for managing heat transfer in an RF system are also possible and are described elsewhere herein. Furthermore, in various implementations, various blocks of the flow or method may be rearranged, optional, and / or omitted, and / or additional blocks may be added. The blocks diagrammatically illustrated in FIG. 9C will be described with reference to certain hardware components of the present disclosure. However, it should be understood that the hardware components of FIG. 9C and / or individual components or subsets thereof may equally be implemented in conjunction with other hardware components, software components, and / or systems without departing from the scope of the present disclosure.

[0258] At block 942, the method includes providing one or more heat sinks (e.g., heat sinks 540a-540d) within an interior portion of an RF system (e.g., RF system 402, RF system 502). The one or more heat sinks may be disposed within the interior portion and surrounded by a periphery of a module enclosure, which may extend vertically within the RF system (e.g., within module enclosure 412 of the RF system). The heat sinks may include zipper fins or other structures configured to draw heat away from the heat sinks and / or other components of the RF system. The interior portion of the one or more module enclosures into which the one or more heat sinks are inserted and through which air may flow may be referred to as a cavity or channel.

[0259] At block 944, the method includes providing a sealed thermal interface (e.g., thermal interfaces 544a-544d) between the heat sink and a wall of the interior portion of the module enclosure facing the system module. The thermal interface may fluidly seal (e.g., liquid seal) the interior portion of the RF system from the exterior portion of the interior of the RF system. Providing a seal may include providing an adhesive, sealant, or other material. Additionally or alternatively, the thermal interface may be adhered to and / or formed on a portion of the interior of the RF system and / or the system module.

[0260] In block 946, one or more plugs (e.g., plug 442, plug 542) may be provided at least partially between two or more of the heat sinks. For example, the plugs may prevent air from bypassing the heat sinks. Thus, they may redirect airflow through the heat sinks.

[0261] Air movement may be facilitated in block 948 via air vents and / or cooling fans disposed within the upper and / or lower enclosures of the RF system. The cooling fans may be coordinated to push air in the same direction relative to one another. For example, in block 950, the method may include activating the cooling fan to flow air through an interior portion of the RF system (e.g., into the lower enclosure, upward therefrom, through the heat sink, and out of the upper enclosure). This may provide improved cooling of one or more heat sinks and / or system modules described herein. Alignment between mated modular assemblies (e.g., dual modular assemblies) may include positioning one or more fans such that the fan draws air through both of the modular assemblies (e.g., their interiors), the one or more heat sinks, the second cavity, and the second one or more heat sinks, drawing heat from the one or more modules and the second one or more modules.

[0262] As mentioned above, the interior portion of one or more module enclosures into which one or more heat sinks are inserted and through which air may flow may be referred to as a cavity or channel. The channel may extend from the lower enclosure, through one or more module enclosures, to the upper enclosure. Air may flow through this channel as generated by one or more fans.

[0263] FIG. 9D illustrates an example flow or method of operation of an RF system, e.g., for receiving and / or transmitting signals, according to various embodiments of the present disclosure. While FIG. 9D discloses one example, other methods of operating an RF system are also possible and are described elsewhere herein. Furthermore, in various implementations, various blocks of the flow or method may be reordered, optional, and / or omitted, and / or additional blocks may be added. The blocks diagrammatically illustrated in FIG. 9D will be described with reference to certain hardware components of the present disclosure. However, it should be understood that the hardware components of FIG. 9D and / or individual components or subsets thereof may equally be implemented in conjunction with other hardware components, software components, and / or systems without departing from the scope of the present disclosure.

[0264] In block 962, a directional antenna may be coupled to the RF module. In some embodiments, one or more cables or wires may also be coupled to the directional antenna at one end and to the RF module at the other end. In some embodiments, the antenna may be coupled to the RF module directly or indirectly (e.g., via a port or plug on the RF system, as described above) so that electrical communication can occur. Additionally, in some embodiments, the antenna (e.g., using a different or the same cable or wire used to connect to the RF module) may draw or receive power from a power supply of the corresponding RF system. In block 963, a direction finder is similarly coupled to one or more RF modules and / or one or more SOM / processing modules.

[0265] At block 964, the RF module may be coupled to a processing module. For example, the processing modules may include a SOM module and / or a system management module, each of which is described in further detail herein.

[0266] In block 966, an antenna may receive a signal (e.g., an RF signal). In some embodiments, the signal may be forwarded (e.g., via the coupling described in block 962) to an RF module and / or a processing module (e.g., a SOM module and / or a system management module). In various embodiments, the signals may be amplified, filtered, and / or limited by the RF module before being communicated to their associated processing module.

[0267] At block 968, the processing module processes the signal once it receives the signal at block 966. For example, the processing of the signal can be similar to any of the examples and methods / flows described herein and may include application of an ML model. The processing may include determining a location or position of a target object and / or determining one or more signals to transmit.

[0268] In block 970, the processing module may generate one or more signals. For example, the generation of the signals may be similar to any of the embodiments and methods / flows described herein.

[0269] In block 972, the processing module can send the generated signals to an RF module, which can cause the signals to be transmitted via a directional antenna. For example, the transmission of the signals can be similar to any of the examples and methods / flows described herein. In various embodiments, the signals may be amplified, filtered, and / or limited by the RF module before being communicated to their associated directional antenna.

[0270] VII. ADDITIONAL EXEMPLARY SOFTWARE-RELATED FEATURES AND FUNCTIONALITY The description of Figures 10-15 below provides further details regarding the implementation, components, and associated functionality of the RF system. While different numbers may be used to describe various aspects of the RF system compared to the foregoing description, it should be understood that like components and aspects may include similar or identical functionality. Thus, aspects described above may apply to aspects described below, and vice versa.

[0271] FIG. 10 illustrates an example functional block diagram 1000 of an RF system with example relationship information according to various embodiments of the present disclosure. Various aspects of the functional blocks of diagram 1000 may be implemented by one or more of the hardware and / or software components described above with reference to FIGS. 1B-1C, for example. The functional blocks diagrammatically illustrated in FIG. 10 will be described with reference to certain such software and hardware components of the present disclosure. However, it should be understood that the functional blocks of FIG. 10 and / or individual components or subsets thereof may equally be implemented in conjunction with other hardware and / or software components and / or systems without departing from the scope of the present disclosure.

[0272] In some embodiments, the functional blocks of FIG. 10 may be implemented, for example, in conjunction with or by RF systems 102 and 106 of the present disclosure (e.g., including any software components, such as those described in connection with FIG. 1C , and / or hardware components, such as those described in connection with FIG. 1B ). In some embodiments, any software or electronic data processing may be performed, for example, by one or more components of processing module 130 and / or RF module 131. For example, in some embodiments, machine learning algorithms may be trained or applied using GPU 138 and / or other components of processing module 130. Additionally, in some cases, RF signals may be generated by SDR transceiver 139 and then transmitted to RF module 131, for example, by transmission via one or more directional antennas 122. Additionally, in some cases, RF signals can be received by one or more directional antennas 122 and then transmitted through RF module 131 before being processed by processing module 130 (e.g., using GPU 138, e.g., by application of machine learning algorithms or models). To ensure that transmitted RF signals are transmitted in the appropriate direction or by the appropriate directional antenna, each RF system can use PNT component 140 to determine features or characteristics associated with the corresponding RF system's location, directional orientation, elevation / altitude, and the like. Such information from PNT component 140, or data received for another RF system's PNT component 140, can be used to determine the directional antenna to activate and transmit from, or to use to track an identified object. For example, a PNT component can be used to determine relevant location and directional information for each and every RF system in the network. Also, in some embodiments, multiple antennas may be connected, directly or indirectly, to the processing module.In some embodiments, one antenna is paired to one RF module such that each antenna can operate independently of the other antennas, and each RF module can control the reception or transmission of any RF signal for a single antenna. Additional information regarding hardware components is described herein with respect to Figures 1B and 3.

[0273] 10 generally includes a receive group, which corresponds to software and hardware functions associated with received signals, and a transmit group, which corresponds to software and hardware functions associated with transmitting signals. The receive and transmit group of blocks includes communication with one or more antennas and / or direction finders, depending on the particular configuration of the RF system (e.g., 102 or 106), associated with the software components. For example, the receive and transmit group may include communication with at least one antenna or direction finder 1002, at least one directional antenna 1004, and / or any other directional antennas, direction finders, and / or other hardware components configured for transmitting and / or receiving RF signals.

[0274] In some embodiments, the direction finder 1002 may be configured to receive RF signals, and the antenna 1004 may be configured to receive and / or transmit RF signals. Alternatively, one or both of the direction finder 1002 and the antenna 1004 may be configured to receive and / or transmit RF signals. The direction finder 1002 and / or the antenna 1004 may include wide-bandwidth antennas configured (e.g., via hardware) and / or tuned (e.g., via software, such as in a software-defined antenna configuration) to transmit and / or receive RF signals across a wide range of frequencies. In some embodiments, the direction finder 1002 and / or the antenna 1004 may be directional antennas configured to transmit and / or receive within a defined angular range, as described elsewhere herein. In some embodiments, the use of sectorized and / or directional antennas may advantageously prevent detection of signals emitted from the system or other transmitters near the system, which would otherwise interfere with the detection and analysis of signals from remote emitters intended to be detected by the system. Similarly, in some embodiments, the use of sectorized and / or directional antennas may advantageously prevent the transmission of signals emanating from the system in a direction near the system and in close proximity to non-harmful devices or systems that would otherwise interfere with the operation of the non-harmful devices or systems.

[0275] In some embodiments, the receiving group of blocks is configured to receive and analyze data from one or more antennas (e.g., 1002 and / or 1004) generally corresponding to RF signals received at the one or more antennas (e.g., corresponding to one or more directions or areas). In some embodiments, the receiving group of blocks may include a receiver block 1008, a signal detection block 1010, an RF machine learning block 1012, a direction finding block 1014, a line of bearing (“LOB”) block 1016, a demodulation block 1018, and / or a data extraction block 1020. Some or all of the receiving group blocks, such as the LOB 1016 and data extraction 1020 blocks, may include communication with a system manager 1022.

[0276] In some embodiments, the transmit group of blocks is generally configured to cause transmission of an RF signal (e.g., corresponding to one or more directions or areas) using one or more antennas (e.g., 1002 and / or 1004) based on the output from the receive group of blocks. In some embodiments, the transmit group of blocks may include a waveform detection / generation block 1024, a waveform generator 1026, and an amplifier 1028.

[0277] In some embodiments, the receiver block 1008 communicates with one or more antennas, such as the antenna or direction finder 1002 and / or the antenna 1004. In some embodiments, the receiver block 1008 is configured to receive raw signals from one or more antennas. In some embodiments, the raw signals may be analog signals comprising one or more RF signal blocks, or may be digital signals generated by analog-to-digital conversion at one or more antennas. The receiver 1008 may be configured for analog-to-digital conversion of analog RF signals received from one or more antennas. In some embodiments, the receiver 1008 is in communication with the signal detection block 1010 and can transmit signals received from one or more antennas and / or converted to digital signals to the signal detection block 1010.

[0278] In some embodiments, the signal detection block 1010 is configured to analyze signals received from one or more antennas via the receiver block 1008. In some cases, the signals received from the receiver block 1008 may include a superposition of multiple signals emitted by different sources within the directional range of one or more antennas. Thus, in some embodiments, the signal detection block 1010 is configured to identify and / or separate individual block signals based on the signals received from the receiver block 1008. The signal detection block 1010 annotates and / or filters the received signals based on factors such as frequency, time, strength, and / or the like.

[0279] In some embodiments, the RF machine learning block 1012 (e.g., similar to any other machine learning block or embodiment described herein) may be implemented to train and / or apply one or more AI and / or ML models or parameter functions based, at least in part, on raw, annotated, and / or filtered signals received from the receiver block 1008. In some embodiments, the machine learning block may implement one or more machine learning or artificial intelligence algorithms or parameter functions that may implement models executed by one or more processors, e.g., for detection / identification. The machine learning block may be configured to apply models that may be indicative of object types, useful for detecting RF signal types (e.g., RF signal ranges, specific frequencies or frequency combinations, and / or the like). One or more of these models may be used to determine expected RF signal frequency ranges or additional signal properties based on analysis of received or captured data. In some embodiments, signal monitoring or signal identification criteria may be specified by a user, an administrator, or automatically. For example, the signal monitoring or signal identification criteria may indicate the type of detection to monitor, record, or analyze. By specifying a specific type of detection, resources (eg, processing power, bandwidth, and / or the like) can be conserved for only the desired type of detection.

[0280] With respect to any software-related features (e.g., those described herein and with reference to FIGS. 1C and 10-15), i.e., training, retraining, updating, implementation, or use of any AI or ML model or parameter function, for example, ML can improve automatically through experience and by the use of data (e.g., RF signal data). The term “machine learning and / or artificial intelligence” is used herein, but the scope of each term is intended to include all types of machine learning, artificial intelligence, neural networks, and equivalents known to those skilled in the art. An AI or ML model can be constructed or trained based on sample data or training data to make predictions or decisions without being explicitly programmed to do so. In some embodiments, a machine learning algorithm, model, and / or program can perform a task without being explicitly programmed to do so. For example, some aspects of the present disclosure may include training an AI / ML model in a computer to perform a desired task that may be impossible for a human to perform manually.

[0281] Several different types of AI / ML algorithms and models or approaches may be used by the machine learning component to implement the model. For example, certain embodiments herein may use a logistic regression model, a decision tree, a random forest, a convolutional neural network, a deep network, or others. However, other models, such as a linear regression model, a discrete choice model, or a generalized linear model, are also possible. The machine learning aspects can be configured to adaptively develop and update models over time based on new inputs. For example, models can be trained, retrained, or otherwise updated on a periodic basis as new received data becomes available to help keep predictions within the model more accurate as data is collected over time. Also, for example, models can be trained, retrained, or otherwise updated based on configuration received from a user, administrator, or other device. Some non-limiting examples of machine learning algorithms that may be used to train, retrain, or otherwise update a model include supervised and unsupervised machine learning algorithms, including regression algorithms (e.g., ordinary least squares regression, etc.), instance-based algorithms (e.g., learning vector quantization, etc.), decision tree algorithms (e.g., classification and regression trees, etc.), Bayesian algorithms (e.g., naive Bayes, etc.), clustering algorithms (e.g., k-means clustering, etc.), association rule learning algorithms (e.g., Apriori algorithm, etc.), artificial neural network algorithms (e.g., perceptrons, etc.), deep learning algorithms (e.g., deep Boltzmann machines, etc.), dimensionality reduction algorithms (e.g., principal component analysis, etc.), ensemble algorithms (e.g., stacked generalization, etc.), support vector machines, federated learning, and / or other machine learning algorithms. These machine learning algorithms may include any type of machine learning algorithm, including hierarchical clustering algorithms and cluster analysis algorithms, such as k-means algorithms. In some cases, the implementation of a machine learning algorithm may include the use of an artificial neural network.By using machine learning techniques, large amounts (such as terabytes or petabytes) of received data can be analyzed to generate or implement models with minimal or no manual analysis or review by one or more people.

[0282] In some embodiments, a supervised learning algorithm can build a mathematical model of a set of data containing both inputs and desired outputs. For example, training data can be used, which comprises a set of training or labeled / annotated examples. Each training example has one or more inputs and a desired output, also known as a supervisory signal. In the mathematical model, for example, each training example is represented by an array or vector (e.g., a feature vector), and the training data is represented by a matrix. Through iterative optimization of an objective function, the supervised learning algorithm can learn a function that can be used to predict outputs associated with new inputs. The optimal function can, for example, enable the algorithm to correctly determine outputs for inputs that were not part of the training data. An algorithm that, for example, improves the accuracy of its output or prediction over time is said to be learning to perform its task. Types of supervised learning algorithms may include, but are not limited to, active learning, classification, and regression. Classification algorithms are used, for example, when the output is restricted to a limited set of values. Regression algorithms are used, for example, when the output can have any numerical value within a range. As an example, for a classification algorithm that filters emails, the input would be the incoming email and the output would be the name of the folder into which to file the email. In some embodiments, similarity learning, a branch of supervised machine learning, is closely related to regression and classification, but its goal is to learn from examples using a similarity function that measures the similarity or relatedness of two objects. In some embodiments, similarity learning has applications in ranking, recommendation systems, visual identity tracking, face matching, and speaker verification.

[0283] In some embodiments, unsupervised learning algorithms can take a set of data containing only input and find structure, similar groupings, or clustering of data points within the data. For example, the algorithm can learn from test data that has not been labeled, classified, or categorized. Instead of responding to feedback, unsupervised learning algorithms can identify commonalities within the data and react based on the presence or absence of such commonalities in each new data. In some embodiments, unsupervised learning involves summarizing and interpreting data features. In some embodiments, cluster analysis is the assignment of a set of observations to subsets (e.g., clusters) such that observations within the same cluster are similar according to one or more pre-specified criteria, while observations derived from different clusters are different. In some cases, different clustering techniques may make different assumptions about the structure of the data, which are often defined...

Claims

1. A computer-implemented method, the computer-implemented method comprising, by one or more hardware processors executing program instructions: accessing or receiving, by a first RF system, detected data associated with a first object, the detected data being collected or generated by one or more of an RF system, a sensor, and a device configured to detect an RF signal or an object; collecting RF signal data associated with the first object by using one or more antennas of the first RF system; identifying a first set of RF signals associated with the first object based at least in part on the detection data and the RF signal data; applying a machine learning model to identify an object type associated with the first object; generating, by the first RF system, a second set of RF signals different from the first set of RF signals based at least in part on the type of the object, and causing transmission of the second set of RF signals by using the one or more antennas of the first RF system, the first RF system operating in coordination with at least one other RF system, each system covering a different sector surrounding a protected area; 11. A computer-implemented method comprising:

2. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the detection data includes a portion of the first set of RF signals.

3. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the detection data indicates a physical location associated with the first object.

4. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein causing transmission of the second set of RF signals includes transmitting the second set of RF signals in a direction associated with the first object.

5. The machine learning model is inputting the first set of RF signal data into the machine learning model, such that the machine learning model outputs the object type associated with the first object. The computer-implemented method of claim 1 , comprising:

6. A computer-implemented method, comprising: one or more hardware processors executing program instructions; generating, using a first antenna corresponding to the RF system, a second set of RF signals based on a first set of RF signals associated with a first object and application of a machine learning model operating on the RF system, the machine learning model being trained to identify a type of object associated with the first set of RF signals, and causing transmission of the second set of RF signals, wherein causing transmission includes supplying power to the first antenna, the RF system operating in coordination with at least one other RF system, each system covering a different sector surrounding a protected area; determining, by the RF system, that the first object is moving from an area associated with the first antenna into an area associated with a second antenna; Based on the above decision, reducing power supplied to the first antenna, wherein the power supplied to the first antenna is reduced at a first rate; increasing the power supplied to the second antenna, wherein the power supplied to the second antenna is increased at a second rate; and causing transmission of a second set of the RF signals using the second antenna; and 11. A computer-implemented method comprising:

7. The computer-implemented method of claim 6, wherein the transmission of the second set of RF signals by the first antenna or the second antenna includes transmission of the second set of RF signals in a direction associated with the first object.

8. The computer-implemented method of claim 6, wherein determining that the first object is moving from an area associated with the first antenna into an area associated with a second antenna is performed using at least a direction finder.

9. The computer-implemented method of claim 6, wherein the second antenna corresponds to a second RF system.

10. The computer-implemented method of claim 6, wherein adjusting the power supplied to the first antenna includes ceasing transmission of the second set of RF signals.

11. The computer-implemented method of claim 6, wherein adjusting the power supplied to the second antenna includes initiating transmission of a second set of the RF signals.

12. The computer-implemented method of claim 6, wherein the second antenna corresponds to the first RF system, and the total power used by the first antenna and the second antenna at any instant remains constant.

13. The computer-implemented method of claim 6, wherein the second antenna corresponds to a second RF system, and the total power used at any instant by the first antenna and the second antenna remains constant.

14. An RF system, comprising: one or more antennas; a first RF module coupled to the one or more antennas, the first RF module comprising a power amplifier; and a processing module electrically connected to the first RF module, the processing module comprising: a first one or more graphical processing units (GPUs); a computer-readable storage medium comprising program instructions and a machine learning model, the machine learning model being trained to identify a type of object associated with a first set of RF signals; one or more first processors, the one or more first processors executing the program instructions, the one or more first processors providing the RF system with: receiving a data packet comprising a software update, the software update including one or more of a firmware update corresponding to a hardware component of the RF system, an update corresponding to a software component utilized by the RF system, and a machine learning model update including object detection identified by a second RF module associated with a different system, the software update including a sector coverage update identifying one or more protected areas, the RF system operating in coordination with at least one other RF system, each system covering a different sector surrounding the protected area; installing the software update and updating functionality of the RF system, the RF system being configured to generate one or more RF signals and cause transmission of the one or more RF signals; one or more first processors configured to cause a processing module comprising: An RF system comprising:

15. The computer-implemented method of claim 6, wherein the first rate and the second rate are identical so that power is supplied to both the first antenna and the second antenna simultaneously for a period proportional to the first rate.

16. The computer-implemented method of claim 6, wherein identifying the type of object associated with the first object by applying the machine learning model further comprises identifying the type of object associated with the first object.

17. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the protected area is omitted from coverage, the protected area including one or more buildings, electromagnetically sensitive equipment, or both.

18. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the first RF system reduces the power supplied to the transmitting antenna when the object is located near electromagnetically sensitive equipment or the protected area.

19. The computer-implemented method comprising: filtering, by the first RF system, one or more frequencies from the second set of RF signals prior to causing transmission of the second set of RF signals, the one or more frequencies identified to reduce or avoid interference with electromagnetically sensitive equipment or structures located in or associated with the protected area; The computer-implemented method of claim 1 , further comprising:

20. The computer-implemented method according to claim 20, wherein the area associated with the second antenna includes the protected area. filtering, by the RF system, one or more frequencies from transmission by the second antenna, the one or more frequencies being identified based on likelihood of interference with electromagnetically sensitive equipment or the protected area; The computer-implemented method of claim 6 further comprising:

21. The software update: frequency filtering rules, the application of which by said RF system during transmission minimizes potential interference with the protected area or with electromagnetically sensitive equipment; a power management rule that reduces the power supplied to the transmitting antenna when an object associated with the first set of RF signals is detected near an electromagnetically sensitive device or the protected area; or Data corresponding to other systems including coverage maps, deployment locations, coverage areas, and configuration information for controlling activation or deactivation of nearby antennas in the RF system. The RF system of claim 14 further comprising:

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