Method for improving the processability of a mineral binder composition comprising at least one mineral binder and further comprising recycled powders - Patents.com

Abstract

The present invention relates to a method for improving the processability of a mineral binder composition comprising at least one mineral binder and further recycled powder, comprising the steps of: a) providing at least one mineral binder; b) incorporating recycled powder; c) incorporating at least one processability improver selected from the group consisting of polycarboxylates, lignosulfonates, sugar acids, sugars, or mixtures thereof; and d) incorporating water.

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] The present invention relates to the recycling of mineral binder materials. In particular, the present invention relates to materials and methods for improving the processability of mineral binder compositions comprising at least one mineral binder and also recycled powders, which are obtainable from the recycling of waste construction materials, such as building demolition waste, off-spec construction materials, or excess construction materials. [Background technology]

[0002] Up to now, large amounts of waste construction materials, such as hardened concrete or mortar from demolition, off-spec production or excess construction materials, are disposed of in landfills. Only a small amount is partially reused as raw material for low-tech applications in the construction industry.

[0003] Furthermore, in current practices, waste construction materials, especially demolition waste, are crushed and only the coarse fraction is reused, while the fine fraction is typically disposed of, because reusing the fine fraction may adversely affect the properties of fresh and hardened concrete. Thus, current practices can only be considered incomplete.

[0004] Current infrastructures in various parts of the world are aging and at least parts of this infrastructure need to be rebuilt. Thus, large amounts of waste construction materials, for example from the demolition of concrete buildings, are currently and will continue to be generated in the foreseeable future. However, in certain regions and countries, disposal of waste is becoming increasingly expensive and difficult due to new regulations. Furthermore, waste construction materials contain valuable materials, such as binders and aggregates with cementitious properties, which can generally be reused to produce fresh construction materials. Recycling of waste construction materials is therefore an important issue.

[0005] EP 2 978 724 and EP 2 708 520 both describe a process for obtaining aggregates and / or carbonated binders from demolition debris or waste construction materials. The process includes the steps of carbonation and pulverization. EP 2 978 724 teaches that the initial spreading flow of a cement paste or mortar which contains, in addition to a mineral binder, a powdered mineral substance, i.e. a substantially carbonated binder, is not significantly different than a cement paste or mortar which does not contain such a powdered mineral substance. However, EP 2 978 724 does not provide any means for improving the initial flowability and / or for maintaining the workability of such mineral binder compositions over time. Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0006] Therefore, there is a need for materials and methods to improve the processability of mineral binder compositions that include at least one mineral binder and further include recycled powders. [Means for solving the problem]

[0007] An object of the present invention is to improve the processability of a mineral binder composition comprising at least one mineral binder and also recycled powder.In particular, an object of the present invention is to increase the initial flowability and / or prolong the time during which a certain flowability of a mineral binder composition comprising at least one mineral binder and also recycled powder is maintained.The flowability of a mineral binder composition in the present case refers to the slump flow as measured according to the standard EN 1015-3.

[0008] Another object of the present invention is to provide a mineral binder composition, in particular a mortar or concrete composition, comprising at least one mineral binder and additional recycled powders, which has workability. Improved workability means within the context of the present invention an increase in the initial fluidity and / or an increase in the time during which a certain fluidity is maintained of the mineral binder composition comprising at least one mineral binder and additionally recycled powders.

[0009] Surprisingly, it has been found that it is possible to achieve the object of the present invention by incorporating a processability improver selected from the group consisting of polycarboxylates, lignosulfonates, sugar acids, sugars, or mixtures thereof.

[0010] For example, the initial slump flow of the mineral binder composition produced according to the method of the present invention, measured according to EN 1015-3, is increased by at least 20%, preferably at least 30%, more preferably at least 45%, in particular at least 50%, compared to the same mineral binder composition without the at least one workability improver. At the same time, the slump flow is maintained at a high level for a long time, for example at least 30 minutes, preferably at least 60 minutes, more preferably at least 90 minutes, in particular at least 120 minutes. The slump flow is maintained if the change in its value measured after said predetermined time after mixing is not more than 35%, preferably not more than 30%, in particular not more than 25%, compared to the initial slump flow measured immediately after mixing. Furthermore, the setting time is also increased to a value that is still acceptable for most practical applications.

[0011] The object of the present invention is therefore achieved by a method and a composition as described in the independent claims. Preferred embodiments of the invention are the subject of the dependent claims. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0012] In a first aspect, the present invention relates to a method for improving the processability of a mineral binder composition comprising at least one mineral binder and further recycled powders, comprising the steps of: a) providing at least one mineral binder; b) Incorporation of recycled powders; c) incorporating at least one processability modifier selected from the group consisting of polycarboxylates, lignosulfonates, sugar acids, sugars, or mixtures thereof; and d) Mix in water.

[0013] Within the context of the present invention, improving the workability of a mineral binder composition relates to an increase in the initial slump flow and / or an extension of the time during which a certain level of slump flow is maintained. Slump flow can be measured according to the standard EN 1015-3. Thus, in the method of the present invention, the initial slump flow of a mineral binder composition comprising at least one mineral binder and further recycled powder and at least one processability improver is increased and / or the maintenance of a certain level of slump flow of such a mineral binder composition over time is extended, compared to the initial slump flow and / or the slump flow over time of the same mineral binder composition not comprising at least one processability improver of the present invention.

[0014] In an embodiment of the method of the present invention, the initial slump flow, measured according to EN 1015-3, is increased by at least 20%, preferably at least 30%, more preferably at least 45%, especially at least 50%, compared to an identical mineral binder composition without the at least one processability improver.

[0015] Within the context of the present invention, the mineral binder is preferably selected from cement, gypsum, lime, magnesia, alumina, geopolymers, latent hydraulic binders, and / or pozzolans.

[0016] The cement may in particular be Portland cement of type CEM I, CEM II, CEM III, CEM IV, CEM V, as described in standard EN 197-1; calcium aluminate cement and / or calcium sulfoaluminate cement, as described in standard EN 14647. The term "gypsum" is meant to include various forms of CaSO4, in particular anhydrite of CaSO4, α- and β-hemihydrate of CaSO4, and dihydrate of CaSO4. The term "lime" is meant to include natural hydraulic lime, blended lime, hydraulic lime, and air-setting lime, as described in standard EN 459-1:2015. The term "alumina" refers to aluminum oxide, hydroxide, and / or oxyhydroxide such as gibbsite and boehmite, calcined or flash-calcined alumina, alumina obtained from the Bayer process, hydratable alumina such as amorphous mesophase alumina, and p-phase alumina. The pozzolans and potentially hydraulic materials are preferably selected from the group consisting of slag, clay, calcined clay, especially metakaolin, kiln dust, microsilica, fly ash, pyrogenic silica, precipitated silica, silica fume, zeolites, rice husk ash, calcined oil shale, and natural pozzolans such as pumice, trass, and finely ground limestone.

[0017] In an embodiment, the at least one mineral binder is selected from the group consisting of Portland cement, especially type CEM I, calcium aluminate cement, calcium sulfoaluminate cement, gypsum, hydraulic lime, air-setting lime, geopolymers, slag, clay, finely ground limestone, and mixtures thereof.

[0018] The term "recycled powder" in the context of the present invention relates to mineral powders recovered from waste construction materials. Methods for recovering or recycling powders from waste construction materials include mechanical methods, in particular crushing and / or grinding of the waste construction materials. In an embodiment, the recycled powder is recovered from the waste construction materials by mechanical methods, in particular crushing and / or grinding, followed by separation from the aggregates, for example by means for separation by size or by weight. The recycled powder can also be partially or fully hydrated. It is also possible for the recycled powder to be partially or fully carbonated, for example by carbonation which occurs naturally when using mineral binders. However, it is also possible for the recycled powder not to be carbonated.

[0019] Optionally, in addition to mechanical methods, chemical methods may be used. Chemical methods for recovering recycled powder include, for example, carbonation, acid treatment, and / or dissolution / precipitation of waste construction materials. A particularly preferred method for recovering recycled powder from waste construction materials is the chemical-mechanical method, in which mechanical and chemical treatments are combined to recover recycled powder. Mechanical and chemical treatments can be carried out sequentially, simultaneously, or in multiple steps.

[0020] In an embodiment of the invention, the recycled powder is recovered from waste construction materials by carbonizing the fragments of the waste construction materials under a CO2 atmosphere, followed by separating the recycled powder from the aggregates by grinding the carbonated material.

[0021] In a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, recycled powders are recovered from waste construction materials by crushing and / or grinding the waste construction materials and simultaneously carbonizing them, such processes being described, for example, in EP 2 978 724 and EP 2 708 520.

[0022] It is particularly preferred that the recycled powder of the present invention is separated from aggregates, fibers, metals and wood present in the waste construction material, in particular that the recycled powder does not contain any aggregates, as defined below.

[0023] The waste construction materials as starting sources of the recycled powders are not particularly limited. Preferred starting sources of the waste construction materials are, for example, demolition waste, as well as off-spec or excess materials from manufacturing. Particularly preferred starting sources are, for example, waste concrete or mortar from the demolition of concrete structures, off-spec concrete or mortar, and excess concrete, for example, excess concrete from ready-mix concrete plants. However, other waste construction materials, for example, bricks or gypsum, for example gypsum render, gypsum board, gypsum screed, can also be used as starting sources for the recycled powders. In particular, it is also possible to use mixed waste construction materials to recover the recycled powders in the present invention. The mixed waste construction materials include two or more different mineral binders. The mixed waste construction materials can result from the demolition of infrastructures in which two or more binder materials were used, for example, cementitious bodies and gypsum plaster, brickwork and cementitious mortar and / or undercoat. The mixed waste construction materials may also result from concrete or mortar mixes, i.e. those which contain a combination of two or more binders, such as Portland cement and slag, Portland cement and gypsum, Portland cement and aluminate cement, and optionally gypsum, Portland cement and clay, and optionally limestone. The mixed waste construction materials may further contain composite cements, for example CEM II, CEM III, CEM IV, or CEM V, as described in the standard EN 197-1. It goes without saying that the mixed waste construction materials may further contain substances other than mineral binders, which are common in construction materials. Such other materials include aggregates, fibers, glass, metals, wood, organic polymers, as defined below.

[0024] The chemical composition of the recycled powder of the present invention depends on the chemical composition of the mineral binder or mineral binder composition present in the waste construction material. Depending on the elemental oxide composition of the recycled powder, it can be used in various applications. For example, if the elemental oxide composition is similar to that of the hydraulic mineral binder, the recycled powder can be used as a filler or auxiliary cementitious material in concrete or mortar. For example, if additional calcium sulfate is included, the recycled powder can be used to sulfate the mineral binder. The recycled powder has a particle size ranging from a few nanometers to a few micrometers. Typically, the particle size of the recycled powder ranges from 0 to 0.250 mm, preferably 0.001 to 0.200 mm, in particular 0.01 to 0.125 mm, as measured by sieve analysis according to the standard EN 933-1. This makes it easier to separate the recycled powder from the aggregate during recovery.

[0025] In a preferred embodiment, the recycled powder of the present invention comprises or consists of at least one cement clinker, in particular Portland cement clinker.

[0026] It is particularly preferred if the recycled powder of the invention is a carbonated recycled powder. The carbonated recycled powder can be recovered from a mineral binder or a mineral binder composition, in particular from a mortar or concrete, which has undergone naturally occurring carbonation. However, it is preferred that the carbonated recycled powder is a mineral powder or a mineral powder composition which has been treated by a carbonation process. Suitable carbonation processes are described for example in EP 2 978 724, EP 2 708 520 and WO 2015 / 123769.

[0027] In certain embodiments, the carbonated recycled powder is a carbonation reaction product of a mixture of two or more mineral binders, particularly when mixed waste construction materials are subjected to carbonation to form the carbonated recycled powder.

[0028] Within the context of the present invention, the term "carbonation" refers to the incorporation of carbon dioxide into a compound, i.e., the chemical reaction of carbon dioxide with a starting material. Carbonation of mineral binders or mineral binder compositions, such as cement, mortar or concrete, occurs to some extent in nature. However, in this specification, the term "carbonation" preferably refers to a process in which carbonation is intentionally enhanced or accelerated compared to the natural process. This can be achieved by providing an excess of carbon dioxide. Thus, "carbonation" includes, in particular, the carbon dioxide treatment of a starting material.

[0029] In the context of mineral binders, "carbonation" refers to a process that is essentially the reverse of the chemical reactions of calcination that occur, for example, in a cement kiln. For example, hardened mineral binders in the form of hydraulic cements consisting essentially of calcium, silicate, and aluminum hydrates can react with carbon dioxide to form the corresponding carbonates. Carbonated mineral binders, especially carbonated Portland cements, generally have a lower pH compared to non-carbonated materials. Thus, the progress of carbonation of mineral binders, especially hardened mineral binders, can be measured by a decrease in pH value. For example, the progress of carbonation of concrete can be detected by spraying the surface of the concrete with an ethanolic solution of phenolphthalein. Colorless areas indicate carbonated concrete and purple areas indicate non-carbonated concrete.

[0030] Thus, within the context of the present invention, carbonated recycled powder is a mineral binder that has been subjected to carbonation. Preferably, the carbonated recycled powder within the context of the present invention is carbonated recycled Portland cement.

[0031] The carbonated recycled powder of the present invention, preferably carbonated recycled Portland cement, may be partially or fully carbonated, preferably fully carbonated, in an embodiment the recycled powder comprises or consists essentially of fully carbonated cement, preferably fully carbonated Portland cement.

[0032] The progress of carbonation can be determined, for example, by measuring the partial pressure of CO2 when the mineral binder or mineral binder composition is placed in a CO2 atmosphere. If the partial pressure of CO2 decreases, carbonation is occurring. If the partial pressure of CO2 does not decrease further, carbonation can be considered to be substantially complete. Alternatively, the progress of carbonation can be determined by measuring the pH value of the mineral binder or mineral binder composition. If the pH value of the pore solution of the mineral binder composition based on Portland cement or the aqueous slurry of Portland cement or a mineral binder composition based thereon is between 12.5 and 14, carbonation is not substantially occurring. If their pH decreases to a value between 7 and 9, carbonation is substantially complete.

[0033] In an embodiment, the weight ratio of the at least one mineral binder to the recycled powder in the method of the present invention is between (99:1) and (5:95), preferably between (94:6) and (45:55), and more preferably between (94:6) and (65:35).

[0034] In the process of the present invention, at least one processability improver is incorporated which is selected from the group consisting of polycarboxylates, lignosulfonates, sugar acids, sugars, or mixtures thereof.

[0035] The term "polycarboxylate" refers within the context of the present invention to polycarboxylic acids, polycarboxylate ethers, and polycarboxylate esters. Preferred within the context of the present invention are polycarboxylate ethers and polycarboxylate esters (both abbreviated as PCE). Thus, one particularly preferred type of processability improver is PCE.

[0036] The PCE of the present invention comprises or consists of: (i) a repeating unit A of general structural formula (I), [ka] and (ii) a repeating unit B of general structural formula (II), [ka] [In the formula, Each R u each independently represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group; Each R v represents independently hydrogen or COOM (wherein M is independently H, an alkali metal, or an alkaline earth metal); m=0, 1, 2 or 3; p=0 or 1, Each R 1 are independently -(CH2) z -[YO] n -R 4 (wherein Y is a C2-C4 alkylene and R 4 H, C1~C 20 Alkyl, -cyclohexyl, -alkylaryl, or -N(-R i ) j -[(CH2) z -PO3M]3-j z=0, 1, 2, 3 or 4; n=2 to 350; j=0, 1 or 2; R i represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and M represents a hydrogen atom, an alkali metal, an alkaline earth metal, or an ammonium ion); The repeating units A and B in the PCE have a molar ratio (A:B) in the range of (10:90) to (90:10).

[0037] In a preferred embodiment, the side chain R of the PCE of the present invention 1 is -(CH2) z -[YO] n -R 4 where z=0, Y is C2 alkylene, n=11 to 350, preferably 22 to 250, and R 4 is H or methyl.

[0038] In a further preferred embodiment, the molar ratio (A:B) of the PCE of the present invention is from (10:90) to (60:30).

[0039] In a particularly preferred embodiment, in the polycarboxylate ethers and / or polycarboxylate esters of the invention, the side chain R 1 But -(CH2) z -[YO] n -R 4 where z=0, Y is C2 alkylene, n=11 to 350, preferably 22 to 250, and R 4 is H or methyl, and the molar ratio (A:B) is (10:90) to (60:30).

[0040] The PCE of the present invention preferably has an average molecular weight Mw in the range of 1000 to 1,000,000, more preferably 1,500 to 500,000, most preferably 2,000 to 100,000, in particular 3,000 to 75,000, or 3,000 to 50,000 g / mol. wis determined by gel-permeation chromatography (GPC) using polyethylene glycol (PEG) as a standard, a technique known to those skilled in the art.

[0041] The PCEs according to the invention may be random or non-random copolymers, in particular alternating copolymers or block or gradient copolymers, or mixtures thereof.

[0042] The PCE of the present invention is composed of at least one olefinically unsaturated carboxylic acid monomer of the general structural formula (Ia) [ka] and at least one olefinically unsaturated monomer of general structural formula (IIa): [ka] [Where, R u , R v , m, p, and R 1 has the meaning given above, and the looped bond represents both cis- and trans-double bond isomers or mixtures thereof.

[0043] Suitable conditions for carrying out free-radical polymerization are known per se to the person skilled in the art and are described, for example, in EP 1 103 570.

[0044] The PCE of the present invention can also be prepared by a polymer-analogous reaction. Specifically, the PCE of the present invention can be prepared by esterifying a homopolymer or copolymer containing a repeating unit of general structural formula (I) with a polyalkylene glycol of general structural formula (III). H.O.R. 1 (III) [In the formula, R1 is defined above]

[0045] Suitable processes for preparing the PCE according to the invention by esterification are known per se to the person skilled in the art and are described, for example, in EP 1 138 697 (Sika AG).

[0046] In addition to at least one olefinically unsaturated carboxylic acid monomer of general structural formula (Ia) and at least one olefinically unsaturated macromonomer of general structural formula (IIa), the PCE according to the invention may also contain one or more further monomers M. These further monomers M may be selected from: styrene, ethylene, propylene, butylene, butadiene, isoprene, vinyl acetate, vinyl chloride, acrylonitrile, N-vinylpyrrolidone, and / or hydroxyalkyl (meth)acrylates.

[0047] The molar fraction of the one or more further monomers M is preferably at most 66 mol%, more preferably at most 50 mol%, more preferably at most 25 mol%, particularly preferably at most 10 mol%, in particular at most 5 mol%, each based on all the monomers constituting the PCE. In a very particularly preferred embodiment, the PCE is substantially free of further monomer units M.

[0048] The term "lignosulfonate" as used herein refers to salts composed of the lignosulfonate anion and an appropriate cation, specifically including materials such as sodium lignosulfonate (CAS No. 8061-51-6), magnesium lignosulfonate (CAS No. 8061-54-9), calcium lignosulfonate (CAS No. 8061-52-7), and the like. In the present invention, the cation plays no role in efficacy. Lignosulfonates are prepared from lignin, which is produced historically in plants, particularly woody plants.

[0049] Lignin is a three-dimensional, amorphous polymer, but unlike most other biopolymers, it does not have a regular arrangement or repeating units. For this reason, a defined lignin structure cannot be named, but various models have been proposed for its "average" structure. It is well known to those skilled in the art that lignin is not uniform among different taxa of plants, and even among the various tissues, cells, and cell wall layers of each species.

[0050] Lignosulfonates are formed as by-products during pulp production under the influence of sulfurous acid, which causes sulfonation and to some extent demethylation of lignin. As with lignin, they are diverse in structure and composition. They are soluble in water over the entire pH range, but insoluble in ethanol, acetone, and other common organic solvents.

[0051] Methods for isolating and purifying lignosulfonates are known to those skilled in the art. In the Howard process, calcium lignosulfonates are precipitated by adding excess lime to the spent sulfite leach liquor. Lignosulfonates can also be isolated by forming insoluble quaternary ammonium salts with long chain amines. On an industrial scale, lignosulfonates can also be purified using ultrafiltration and ion exchange chromatography.

[0052] A range of lignosulfonates which may be used in the present invention are commercially available under a variety of trade names, including, for example, Ameri-Bond, Borresperse (Borregaard), Dynasperse, Kelig, Lignosol, Marasperse, Norlig (Daishowa Chemicals), Lignosite (Georgia Pacific), Reax (MEAD Westvaco), Wafolin, Wafex, Wargotan, Wanin, Wargonin (Holmens), Vanillex (Nippon Paper Industries), Vanisperse, Vanicell, Ultraazine, Ufoxane (Borregaard), Seria-Bondex, Seria-Con, Seria-Pon, Seria-Sol (Serlachius), Collex, Zewa (Wandhof-Holmes), Raylig (ITT Rayonier).

[0053] Of course, mixtures of different lignosulfonates can also be used. Furthermore, the lignosulfonates can be in either liquid or solid form.

[0054] A "sugar acid" in the context of the present invention is a monosaccharide having a carboxyl group. It may belong to any of the types of aldonic, ursonic, uronic, or aldaric acids. Preferably, it is an aldonic acid. Examples of sugar acids useful in the context of the present invention include, but are not limited to, gluconic acid, ascorbic acid, neuraminic acid, glucuronic acid, galacturonic acid, iduronic acid, mucic acid, and sugar acid. The sugar acid may be in the form of a free acid or as a salt. In an embodiment, the salt of the sugar acid may be a salt with a metal of group Ia, IIa, Ib, IIb, IVb, VIIIb of the periodic table of the elements. Preferred salts of sugar acids are salts of alkali and alkaline earth metals, iron, cobalt, copper, or zinc. Particularly preferred are salts with sodium, potassium, and calcium. Both the D- and L-forms of the sugar acids are equally preferred. A particularly preferred sugar acid is gluconic acid and its salts, especially sodium gluconate.

[0055] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the at least one processability aid is sodium gluconate.

[0056] A "sugar" in the sense of the present invention is a carbohydrate having an aldehyde group or an acetal residue. In a particularly preferred embodiment, the sugar belongs to the group of monosaccharides or disaccharides. Examples of sugars include, but are not limited to, glyceraldehyde, threose, erythrose, xylose, lyxose, ribose, arabinose, allose, altrose, glucose, mannose, gulose, idose, galactose, talose, fructose, sorbose, lactose, maltose, sucrose, lactulose, trehalose, cellobiose, chitobiose, isomaltose, palatinose, mannobiose, raffinose, and xylobiose. Sugars can also be used in the form of dextrins, molasses stillages, or molasses. Both the D- and L-forms of sugars are equally preferred. Particularly preferred sugars are: fructose, mannose, maltose, glucose, galactose, dextrin, stillage and molasses. The term "sugar" is understood within the context of the present invention to also include hydrogenated sugars. Hydrogenated sugars are in particular hydrogenated starch hydrolysates or hydrogenated glucose syrups. Hydrogenated sugars are produced by partial hydrolysis of oligo- and polysaccharides and then hydrogenating them. The result is a mixture of sugar alcohols.

[0057] It goes without saying that within the context of the present invention it is also possible to use mixtures of two or more, for example three or four, processability improvers in combination, which has the advantage that it is possible to achieve certain synergistic effects in improving processability.

[0058] For example, it is also possible to use a mixture of two different polycarboxylates. By two different polycarboxylates, it is meant that the two polycarboxylates differ in terms of their chemical and / or structural composition. The difference can be, for example, different repeat units A and / or B or different molar ratios (A:B), where A and B are as previously described. The difference can also be that the structure of the polycarboxylate is random or non-random, for example block-like. Furthermore, it is also possible to use a mixture of one polycarboxylate and one sugar acid, preferably sodium gluconate. It is also possible to use a mixture of sugar and sodium gluconate. It is also possible to use a mixture of polycarboxylate, sugar, and sugar acid, preferably sodium gluconate.

[0059] In an embodiment, therefore, the at least one processability improver is selected from the following mixtures: a mixture of two different polycarboxylates; a mixture of a polycarboxylate and a sugar acid, preferably sodium gluconate; or a mixture of a sugar and sodium gluconate.

[0060] In a further embodiment, the at least one processability improver is thus a mixture of polycarboxylate, sugar, and sugar acid, preferably sodium gluconate.

[0061] In the process of the present invention, mixing of the recycled powder, the at least one processability improver, and the water with the at least one mineral binder can be carried out by any suitable means known to those skilled in the art. Suitable mixers include, for example, horizontal single shaft mixers, twin paddle mixers, vertical shaft mixers, ribbon blenders, orbiting mixers, change can mixers, tumbling vessels, vertical agitation chambers, or air agitation operations. Mixing can be continuous or batchwise.

[0062] In an embodiment, the at least one processability aid is mixed into the mixture of the at least one mineral binder and the recycled powder, and then the mixing water is mixed in.

[0063] In a further embodiment, the at least one processability aid is mixed into the mixture of at least one mineral binder and recycled powder along with mixing water.

[0064] In a further embodiment, the at least one processability aid is first mixed with the at least one mineral binder, then the carbonate binder is mixed with the mixture, followed by mixing with water.

[0065] It is possible to incorporate at least one processability improver of the present invention in the form of a pure chemical, either in its liquid or solid state. It is also possible to incorporate at least one processability improver of the present invention as a solution or dispersion in a liquid. A suitable solution or dispersion is an aqueous solution or dispersion. It is also possible to incorporate at least one processability improver in a dry form, for example adsorbed onto a dry carrier or as a spray-dried powder.

[0066] In an embodiment, in the process of the invention, where the at least one processability improver is selected from polycarboxylates, the weight of polycarboxylate incorporated is between 0.1 and 3.0% by weight, preferably between 0.20 and 1.125% by weight, more preferably between 0.40 and 0.85% by weight, based on the dry weight of the recycled powder present. In such a case, the weight of polycarboxylate refers to the total dry weight of all polycarboxylates present, i.e., if a mixture of two or more different polycarboxylates is present, the weight refers to the total dry weight of such polycarboxylates.

[0067] In a further embodiment, in the process of the invention, wherein the at least one processability improver is selected from lignosulfonates, the weight of lignosulfonate incorporated is between 1.0 and 6.0 wt.-%, preferably between 3.5 and 5.5 wt.-%, more preferably between 4.0 and 5.0 wt.-%, based on the dry weight of the recycled powder present, respectively.

[0068] In a further embodiment, in the process of the invention, wherein the at least one processability improver is selected from sugar acids, in particular sodium gluconate, the weight of sugar acid, in particular sodium gluconate, incorporated is between 0.025 and 1.0% by weight, preferably between 0.3 and 0.9% by weight, respectively, based on the dry weight of the recycled powder present.

[0069] In a further embodiment, in the process of the invention, wherein the at least one processability improver is selected from sugar, the weight of sugar incorporated is between 0.5 and 2.0% by weight, preferably between 0.7 and 1.5% by weight, each based on the dry weight of the recycled powder present.

[0070] In a further embodiment, in the process according to the invention, wherein the at least one processability improver is selected from a mixture of a polycarboxylate and a sugar acid, preferably sodium gluconate, the weight of the polycarboxylate incorporated is between 0.20 and 1.125% by weight, preferably between 0.25 and 0.85% by weight, and the weight of the sugar acid, preferably sodium gluconate, incorporated is between 0.025 and 1.0% by weight, preferably between 0.28 and 0.5% by weight, each based on the dry weight of the recycled powder present.

[0071] In a further embodiment, in the process of the invention, wherein the at least one processability improver is selected from a mixture of sugar and a sugar acid, preferably sodium gluconate, the weight of sugar incorporated is between 0.5 and 2.0% by weight and the weight of sugar acid, preferably sodium gluconate, incorporated is between 0.025 and 1.0% by weight, preferably between 0.10 and 0.50% by weight, each based on the dry weight of the recycled powder present.

[0072] In a further embodiment, in the process according to the invention, wherein the at least one processability improver is selected from a mixture of polycarboxylates, sugars and sugar acids, preferably sodium gluconate, the weight of the polycarboxylates incorporated is between 0.1 and 3.0% by weight, preferably between 0.1 and 1.125% by weight, the weight of the sugars incorporated is between 0.1 and 2.0% by weight, preferably between 0.2 and 1.2% by weight and the weight of the sugar acid, preferably sodium gluconate, incorporated is between 0.025 and 1.0% by weight, preferably between 0.07 and 0.50% by weight, each based on the dry weight of the recycled powder present.

[0073] The method of the present invention may further comprise a step for adjusting the amount of at least one processability improver selected from the group consisting of polycarboxylates, lignosulfonates, sugar acids, sugars, or mixtures thereof, such that the processability of the mineral binder composition containing the recycled powder is substantially the same as that of the same mineral binder composition without the recycled powder. In particular, the mineral binder composition without the recycled powder contains an additional amount of mineral binder in an amount that compensates for the excluded recycled powder. In other words, the recycled powder can be considered as a replacement, in particular a partial replacement, for the mineral binder.

[0074] Therefore, the present invention further relates to a method for determining the optimum dosage of at least one processability improver for a mineral binder composition comprising at least one mineral binder and recycled powder, comprising the steps of: a) providing a mixture comprising at least one mineral binder and recycled powder; b) incorporating a first amount of at least one processability aid selected from the group consisting of polycarboxylates, lignosulfonates, sugar acids, sugars, or mixtures thereof; c) Mixing in water; d) determining the processability of the mixture obtained in step c); e) comparing the processability measured in step c) with a target processability; f) adjusting the amount of at least one processability improver incorporated in step b) if the comparison in step e) is outside a predetermined "threshold"; and g) Repeating steps a) through f) until the comparison in step e) does not exceed a predetermined "threshold."

[0075] In a preferred embodiment, the target processability used in step e) is the processability of the same mixture obtained in step a) without the addition of any recycled powder. In a further preferred embodiment, the target processability used in step e) is the processability of the same mixture obtained in step a) but with an additional content of mineral binder to compensate for the amount of recycled powder that was not incorporated. The predetermined "threshold" used in steps f) and g) may be, for example, 50% or less, preferably 25% or less, in particular 10% or less. All other definitions and embodiments described in the present invention also apply to such a method.

[0076] In a second aspect, the present invention relates to a mineral binder composition, in particular for concrete or mortar, comprising: a) at least one mineral binder and recycled powder in a weight ratio of from (99:1) to (5:95), preferably from (94:6) to (45:55), more preferably from (94:6) to (65:35); b) at least one processability improver; c) at least one aggregate; d) optionally further additives, and e) Optionally, water.

[0077] The at least one mineral binder, the recycled powder, and the at least one processability improver are the same as previously described.

[0078] The aggregates may be any type of material that is non-reactive in the hydration reaction of the binder. The aggregates may be any type of aggregate typically used for construction materials. Typical aggregates are, for example: rock, crushed stone, gravel, sand, in particular quartz sand, river sand and / or artificial sand, slag, recycled concrete, glass, foam glass, hollow glass beads, glass ceramics, volcanic rock, pumice, perlite, vermiculite, quarry waste, raw or calcined or fused earth or clay, porcelain, electrofused or sintered abrasives, firing support, silica xerogel. The aggregates may also be bio-based aggregates, for example hemp fibers. The aggregates useful in the present invention may have any type of shape and size that is typically suitable for such aggregates. A particularly preferred aggregate is sand. Sand is a naturally occurring particulate material that is finely ground and consists of rock or mineral particulate matter. It is available in various shapes and sizes. Examples of suitable sands are quartz sand, limestone sand, river sand or crushed aggregates. Suitable sands are described, for example, in the standards ASTM C778 or EN 196-1. Naturally, mixtures of aggregates are also possible.

[0079] The further additives may be any additive common in the mortar and concrete industry, except lignosulfonates, sugar acids, sugars, and polycarboxylates (including PCE). In particular, the further additives may be selected from the following: plasticizers, shrinkage inhibitors, air entrainers, degassing agents, stabilizers, viscosity modifiers, thickeners, water reducers, set retarders, accelerators, water resistance agents, fibers, foaming agents, defoamers, re-emulsifiable polymer powders, dust suppressants, chromate reducers, pigments, biocides, corrosion inhibitors, and iron passivators.

[0080] The combined amount of the at least one mineral binder and the carbonate binder in the mineral binder composition of the present invention may be between 10 and 79% by weight, preferably between 15 and 60% by weight, based on the total dry weight of the composition.

[0081] The amount of the at least one processability improver in the mineral binder composition of the present invention may be between 0.025 and 6.0 wt. %, preferably between 0.1 and 4.5 wt. %, more preferably between 0.2 and 1.5 wt. %, each based on the total dry weight of the composition.

[0082] The amount of the at least one aggregate in the mineral binder composition of the present invention may be between 15 and 84% by weight, preferably between 34 and 79% by weight, based on the total dry weight of the composition.

[0083] The combined amount of the additional additives, if present, can be from 0.1 to 10% by weight, each based on the total dry weight of the composition.

[0084] The amount of water, if present, may be such that the water to binder ratio is between 0.1 and 0.8, preferably 0.2 and 0.6, especially 0.25 and 0.4.

[0085] Thus, in an embodiment, the mineral binder composition of the invention, in particular a mortar or concrete, comprises or consists of (each based on the total dry weight of the composition): a) 10 to 79% by weight, preferably 15 to 60% by weight, of at least one mineral binder and / or carbonate binder, b) 0.025 to 6.0 wt. %, preferably 0.1 to 4.5 wt. %, more preferably 0.2 to 1.5 wt. % of at least one processability improver, c) 15 to 84% by weight, preferably 35.5 to 80.5% by weight, of at least one aggregate, d) optionally 0.1 to 10% by weight of further additives, and e) optionally water in an amount to provide a water to binder ratio of from 0.1 to 0.8, preferably from 0.2 to 0.6, in particular from 0.25 to 0.4.

[0086] Thus, the mineral binder composition of the invention, in particular the mortar or concrete, may be either a dry composition or a wet composition.

[0087] The mineral binder composition of the present invention may be concrete, in particular crane and bucket concrete, pumped concrete, precast concrete, ready mixed concrete, sprayed concrete, slip form concrete, high performance concrete, ultra high performance concrete, self-compacting concrete, roller-compacted concrete, lightweight concrete, heavyweight concrete, spun pile concrete, underwater concrete or mass concrete. The mineral binder composition of the present invention may further be a cementitious tile adhesive, a grout, a self-levelling underlayment, a self-levelling overlayment, a render, a repair mortar, a masonry thin joint mortar or concrete, a screed, an indoor and outdoor wall leveller, a non-shrink grout, a thin joint mortar, a waterproofing mortar or an anchoring mortar.

[0088] The concrete is in particular according to standard EN 206. The cementitious tile adhesive is in particular according to standard EN 12004-1. The grout is in particular according to standard EN 13888. The self-levelling underlayment or self-levelling overlay is in particular according to standard EN 13813. The primer is in particular according to standard EN 998-1. The repair mortar is in particular according to standard EN 1504-3. The masonry mortar or concrete is in particular according to standards EN 998-2 and EN 206-1. The screed is in particular according to standard EN 206. The non-shrink grout is in particular according to standard EN 1504-6. The joint mortar is in particular according to standard EN 998-2. The waterproofing mortar is in particular one according to standard EN 1504-2. The anchoring mortar is in particular one according to standard EN 1504-6.

[0089] In yet another aspect, the present invention also relates to an additive for improving the processability of a mineral binder composition containing recycled powder, said additive comprising or consisting of: a) at least one processability improver selected from polycarboxylates, lignosulfonates, sugar acids, sugars, or mixtures thereof; and b) Optionally, water.

[0090] The mineral binder, recycled powder, polycarboxylate, lignosulfonate, sugar acid, and sugar are the same as previously described.

[0091] The amount of water in the additive of the present invention can vary within wide limits: the amount of water (if present) is preferably in the range of 1 to 90% by weight, preferably 10 to 66% by weight, more preferably 15 to 50% by weight, respectively, based on the total weight of the additive.

[0092] The additive of the present invention may further comprise further additives common in the mortar and concrete industry, with the exception of lignosulfonates, sugar acids, sugars, and polycarboxylates (including PCE). In particular, the further additives may be selected from the following: plasticizers, shrinkage inhibitors, air entrainers, degassing agents, stabilizers, viscosity modifiers, thickeners, water reducers, set retarders, accelerators, water resistance agents, fibers, foaming agents, defoamers, re-emulsifiable polymer powders, dust suppressants, chromate inhibitors, pigments, biocides, corrosion inhibitors, and iron passivators.

[0093] In an embodiment, the mineral binder composition described above has an initial slump flow (measured according to EN 1015-3) in the presence of water that is at least 20%, preferably at least 30%, more preferably at least 45%, especially at least 50% higher than the same mineral binder composition without the at least one processability improver.

[0094] In a final aspect, the invention relates to a hardened mineral binder composition, preferably as part of a construction, obtained by hardening the mineral binder composition described above in the presence of water.

[0095] The curing is preferably carried out under atmospheric pressure at temperatures between 5 and 40° C. In principle it is also possible to cure the mineral binder composition at higher temperatures and / or at higher pressures, for example in an autoclave.

[0096] The following examples will provide further embodiments to one of ordinary skill in the art and are not intended to limit the invention. EXAMPLES

[0097] material: - CEM I 42.5N, CEM II / A-LL 42.5N and CEM II / B-LL 42.5N, according to standard EN 197-1, available from Vigier - The recycled powder was obtained as follows: CEM I 42.5N was suspended in water at 23°C and fully cured. The cured reaction product was dried at 80°C, conditioned at 20°C / 65%rh until constant weight was reached, and then ground in a pin mill to a particle size of less than 0.063 mm. The powdered material was stored in a reactor at 23°C / 65%rh. A continuous stream of CO2 gas was passed through the reactor while the powder was gently stirred. After the carbonation process, the amount of carbonate was measured by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). In TGA, carbonate is determined from the mass loss in the temperature range of 500-800°C. Sufficient carbonation was considered to have occurred if TGA showed the presence of 55-60% carbonate by weight. - PCE-1 is a co(poly-acrylate-poly-methacrylate) with Mn=5000 g / mol and methoxy-terminated polyethylene oxide side chains (Mn=3000 g / mol) and a (carboxylate:side chain) molar ratio=4.5. - PCE-2 is a co(poly-acrylate-poly-methacrylate) with Mn=5000 g / mol and methoxy-terminated polyethylene oxide side chains (Mn=1000 g / mol) and a (carboxylate:side chain) molar ratio=1.6. - PCE-3 is a methallyl alcohol initiated copolymer of polyethylene oxide (Mn=2400 g / mol), acrylic acid, and 2-hydroxyacrylate in the molar ratio of (0.625:0.416:2.80). - PCE-4 is a co(poly-acrylate-poly-methacrylate) with Mn=5000 g / mol and methoxy-terminated polyethylene oxide side chains (Mn=1000 g / mol) and a (carboxylate:side chain) molar ratio=0.8. - PCE-5 is a co(poly-acrylate-poly-methacrylate) with Mn=5000 g / mol and methoxy-terminated polyethylene oxide side chains (Mn=500 g / mol) and a carboxylate:side chain molar ratio=1.0. - Ligno: Sodium lignosulfonate (from LignoStar group BV). - Gluco: Sodium gluconate (Sigma Aldrich, >99%) - Melasse: unprocessed Melasse during the production of sugar from sugar cane (solids content = about 80% by weight; pH = 5.5). - Polysorb: hydrogenated glucose syrup, sorbitol content 12% by weight (Polysorb 70 / 12).

[0098] measurement: - Slump flow is 39 cm according to EN 1015-3 3 A cone of 0.05 g / L was used and the measurements were taken at the times indicated in the table below after the end of the mixing process. Slump flows below 60 mm were not measured and are indicated in the table below in each case by "<60". - The onset of curing was measured using isothermal conduction calorimetry according to ASTM C1702-17. For this purpose, a CAL 8000 instrument (Calumetrix) was used to record the heat of hydration. The onset of curing corresponds to the time when the first minimum was observed in the heat flow curve.

[0099] Example 1 In Example 1, the effect of various workability improvers used alone on the cement paste was evaluated. CEM I 42.5N was used as a mineral binder and dry-blended with recycled powder until visually uniform. The weight mix ratio of mineral binder to recycled powder was 82:18. The mixture of mineral binder and recycled powder was mixed with water in an amount such that the weight ratio of water to binder was 0.45. Mixing was performed using a propeller mixer at a speed of 2.5 to 5.5 m / sec for 2 minutes. Each workability improver was added together with the mixing water in the amounts shown in Table 1 below.

[0100] The results are summarized in Table 1 below. Example 1-1 is a comparative example and is not according to the present invention. Examples 1-2 to 1-22 are examples according to the present invention.

[0101] [Table 1]

[0102] From Table 1 above, it can be seen that all the workability improvers tested were able to significantly increase the initial slump flow and maintain the slump for a longer time compared to the composition with the same mineral binder and recycled powder but without the workability improver. In fact, in most cases, the initial slump flow and the maintenance of slump flow were improved when the workability improver according to the present invention was used over the slump flow performance of the cement paste based on CEM II / A-LL (water to cement ratio = 0.45).

[0103] The measured setting times were still within the acceptable range for most practical applications, and in cases where the target application is ready mixed concrete, the extended setting times would be even more advantageous.

[0104] Example 2 Example 2 was carried out in the same manner as Example 1, except that the weight mix ratio of mineral binder:recycled powder was 65:35.

[0105] The results are summarized in Table 2 below. Example 2-1 is a comparative example and is not according to the present invention. Examples 2-2 to 2-7 are examples according to the present invention.

[0106] [Table 2]

[0107] From Table 2 above, it can be seen that all the tested workability improvers significantly increased the initial slump flow and were able to maintain the slump for a longer time compared to the compositions with the same mineral binder and recycled powder but without the workability improver. In fact, for example, 2-2, 2-5, and 2-7, the initial slump flow was even longer than that of the cement paste based on CEM II / B-LL (water to cement ratio=0.45). And for example, 2-5, 2-6, and 2-7, the maintenance of slump flow was improved over the performance of the cement paste based on CEM II / B-LL (water to cement ratio=0.45).

[0108] The measured setting times were still within the acceptable range for most practical applications, and in cases where the target application is ready mixed concrete, the extended setting times would be even more advantageous.

[0109] Example 3 Example 3 evaluated the effect on cement paste of different workability modifiers used in combination. Example 3 was carried out similarly to Example 1, except that a combination of workability modifiers was used.

[0110] The results are summarized in Table 3 below. Examples 3-1 to 3-23 are examples of the present invention.

[0111] [Table 3-1]

[0112] [Table 3-2]

[0113] [Table 3-3]

[0114] From Table 3 above, it can be seen that all the combinations of processability improvers tested were able to significantly increase the initial slump flow and maintain the slump for a longer period of time compared to compositions containing the same mineral binder and recycled powder but without the processability improver.

[0115] The measured setting times were still within the acceptable range for most practical applications, and in cases where the target application is ready mixed concrete, the extended setting times would be even more advantageous.

[0116] Example 4 Example 4 was carried out in the same manner as Example 3, except that the weight mix ratio of mineral binder:recycled powder was 65:35.

[0117] The results are summarized in Table 4 below. Examples 4-1 to 4-12 are examples of the present invention.

[0118] [Table 4-1]

[0119] [Table 4-2]

[0120] From Table 4 above, it can be seen that all tested workability modifier combinations significantly increased the initial slump flow and were able to maintain the slump for a longer time compared to compositions containing the same mineral binder and recycled powder but without workability modifier. The measured setting times were also still within the acceptable range for most practical applications. In cases where the target application is ready mixed concrete, this extended setting time would be even more advantageous.

[0121] Example 5 Example 5 was carried out in the same manner as Example 3, except that the weight mix ratio of mineral binder:recycled powder was 70:30, and water:binder was used in a weight ratio of 0.50.

[0122] The results are summarized in Table 5 below. Examples 5-2 to 5-8 are examples of the present invention.

[0123] [Table 5]

[0124] From the results in Table 5, it can be seen that the processability improvers tested significantly increase the initial slump flow, and furthermore, for a given total load of processability improvers, the lower the ratio of PCE-1 to PCE-2, the longer the slump flow is maintained.

Claims

1. A method for improving the processability of a mineral binder composition comprising at least one mineral binder and further comprising recycled powders, comprising the steps of: a) providing at least one mineral binder; b) mixing in recycled powder; c) incorporating at least one processability modifier selected from the group consisting of polycarboxylates, lignosulfonates, sugar acids, sugars, or mixtures thereof; and d) Mix in the water.

2. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the recycled powder comprises or essentially consists of fully carbonated cement, preferably fully carbonated Portland cement.

3. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the weight ratio of said at least one mineral binder to said recycled powder is between (99:1) and (5:95), preferably between (94:6) and (45:55), more preferably between (94:6) and (65:35).

4. The at least one processability improver is a polycarboxylate comprising or consisting of repeat units A and B: a) a repeating unit A of general structural formula (I), 【Chemistry 1】 and b) a repeating unit B of general structural formula (II), 【Chemistry 2】 [In the formula, Each R ｕ each independently represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group; Each R ｖ represents independently hydrogen or COOM (wherein M is independently H, an alkali metal, or an alkaline earth metal); m=0, 1, 2 or 3; p=0 or 1; Each R １ are independently -(CH ２ ) ｚ - [YO] ｎ -R ４ (where Y is C ２ ~C ４ alkylene, R ４ is H, C １ ~C ２０ alkyl, -cyclohexyl, -alkylaryl, or -N(-R ｉ ) ｊ - [(CH ２ ) ｚ -PO ３ M] ３－ｊ z=0, 1, 2, 3 or 4; n=2 to 350; j=0, 1 or 2; R ｉ represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and M represents a hydrogen atom, an alkali metal, an alkaline earth metal, or an ammonium ion); and the repeating units A and B in the polycarboxylate have a molar ratio of (A:B) ranging from (10:90) to (90:10). The method of claim 1.

5. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the at least one processability improver is sodium gluconate.

6. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the at least one processability improver is selected from a mixture of two different polycarboxylates, or from a mixture of a polycarboxylate and a sugar acid, preferably sodium gluconate, or from a mixture of a sugar and sodium gluconate.

7. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the at least one processability improver is a mixture of PCE, sugar, and a sugar acid, preferably sodium gluconate.

8. 8. The method according to claim 1, wherein the at least one mineral binder is selected from the group consisting of Portland cement, in particular of type CEM I, calcium aluminate cement, calcium sulfoaluminate cement, gypsum, hydraulic lime, air lime, geopolymers, slag, clay, finely ground limestone, and mixtures thereof.

9. 7. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4 and 6, characterized in that the at least one processability improver is selected from polycarboxylates, the weight of polycarboxylate incorporated being between 0.1 and 3.0 wt.-%, preferably between 0.20 and 1.125 wt.-%, more preferably between 0.40 and 0.85 wt.-%, respectively, based on the dry weight of the recycled powder present.

10. 6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the at least one processability improver is selected from sugar acids, in particular sodium gluconate, and the weight of sugar acid, in particular sodium gluconate, mixed in is between 0.025 and 1.0% by weight, preferably between 0.3 and 0.9% by weight, in each case based on the dry weight of the recycled powder present.

11. 7. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3 and 6, characterized in that the at least one processability improver is selected from a mixture of polycarboxylate and a sugar acid, preferably sodium gluconate, the weight of polycarboxylate mixed in being between 0.20 and 1.125 wt.-%, preferably between 0.25 and 0.85 wt.-%, and the weight of sugar acid, preferably sodium gluconate, being mixed in being between 0.025 and 1.0 wt.-%, preferably between 0.28 and 0.5 wt.-%, respectively, based on the dry weight of the recycled powder present.

12. 8. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3 and 7, characterized in that the at least one processability improver is selected from a mixture of polycarboxylates, sugars and sugar acids, preferably sodium gluconate, the weight of polycarboxylate mixed in being between 0.1 and 3.0% by weight, preferably between 0.1 and 1.125% by weight, the weight of sugar mixed in being between 0.1 and 2.0% by weight, preferably between 0.2 and 1.2% by weight, and the weight of sugar acid, preferably sodium gluconate, being mixed in being between 0.025 and 1.0% by weight, preferably between 0.07 and 0.50% by weight, respectively, based on the dry weight of the recycled powder present.

13. A mineral binder composition, in particular a concrete or mortar, comprising: a) at least one mineral binder and recycled powder in a weight ratio of from (99:1) to (5:95), preferably from (94:6) to (45:55), more preferably from (94:6) to (65:35); b) at least one processability improver; c) at least one aggregate; d) optionally further additives, and e) optionally, water.

14. 14. Mineral binder composition according to claim 13, characterised in that the initial slump flow, measured in the presence of water and according to EN 1015-3, is increased by at least 20%, preferably at least 30%, more preferably at least 45%, in particular at least 50%, compared to an identical mineral binder composition not comprising said at least one workability improving agent.

15. A hardened mineral binder composition, preferably part of a building structure, obtainable by hardening a mineral binder composition according to claim 13 in the presence of water or obtainable by hardening a mineral binder composition according to claim 14.

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