A building with heliodynamic architecture

Abstract

The invention relates to a building, the outer casing of which comprises at least one facade part (2), which is transparent to solar radiation, which is placed on the face of the building, the shape of at least a part (3, 3') of which can be approximately inscribed in a surface generated by an imaginary segment extending between the Sun and at least one fixed point (PF) fixed relative to the Earth, as the Earth rotates once on its axis, and thus on the surface of a part of a frustum generated by said imaginary segment, the or each facade part (2) extends between a base line (6) and an upper edge (7), which together separate it from the remainder of the outer casing of the building, which remainder is mostly or completely opaque. The building is characterised in that the outer surface of each of the above-mentioned sections (3, 3') of the facade portion (2) is set back, at each point of the upper line (7), from a straight line perpendicular to the local horizontal plane passing through said point, i.e. perpendicular to the ground plane, and in that at least one (3) of the above-mentioned facade portions (3, 3') may be inscribed within the surface of a frustum that is concave or concave with respect to the plane concerned.

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] The invention relates in particular to the field of design and construction of apartments and buildings intended for residential purposes or open to the public, the architecture of which is optimized with respect to solar radiation throughout the year. The subject of the invention is more particularly buildings with at least one facade part or part, advantageously substantially the entire defined facade, transparent to solar radiation, more particularly buildings with at least one facade having a heliodynamic architecture.

[0002] Many apartment or building structures are already known which are constructed according to the movement of the sun and which are intended to maximise direct sunlight in the winter and minimise exposure to sunlight in the summer.

[0003] The inventor has thus designed and specifically constructed a solar building called a "heliodome" and described in document FR 2 819 836.

[0004] Although this building allows for maximum consideration of solar radiation, its habitability is not optimal due to its very typical external shape (wide-angled frustum at the top), complex architecture, and relatively small interior space compared to the building's spatial footprint, resulting in a volume that is difficult to utilize.

[0005] In order to overcome the aforementioned limitations, the evolution described in document EP 2 444 559 proposes to incorporate a specific "heliodome" shape, or at least a part of it, into buildings of more conventional shapes, resulting in an interior volume that can be more easily exploited and simplifying its manufacture. In this evolution, the resulting building has a transparent façade that is in tune with the movements of the Earth. However, when it is done, and as the constructive solution proposed in this document shows, a trade-off must be made between the controlled exploitation of solar radiation and the performance level with regard to the relative size of the specific parts of the "heliodome".

[0006] The expression controlled utilization should be understood within this document to contemplate not only the positive contribution of the "heliodome" part in terms of solar illumination and direct heating during periods of localized weak / short solar illumination, but also the property of specifically limiting the portion of direct solar illumination received by the interior volume of the building through this particular part, thereby ensuring that a relative coolness is maintained during localized periods of strong / long sunshine. Due to global warming, this second property is also becoming a high priority requirement.

[0007] Moreover, for acceptable trade-offs in terms of appearance and habitability, the contribution of certain parts of the "heliodome" to the heating, especially in winter, and to the lighting of the building will necessarily be limited, since the surface extension will necessarily be relatively limited. Conversely, to be able to provide good lighting inside the building by the solar radiation passing through the "heliodome" parts, the latter would have to be extended, thereby again exposing one to the risk of insufficient limitation of the solar radiation during periods of significant exposure, without faithfully adhering to the formats disclosed by the abovementioned FR and EP documents, and thus reverting to architecturally and constructively limited formats, i.e. formats not applicable to more conventional buildings and to apartment buildings. Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0008] The aim of the present invention is to propose a solution addressing the above demands and to overcome the limitations of the known solutions mentioned above. [Means for solving the problem]

[0009] To this end, the invention relates to a building, in particular a residential building or a building open to the public, whose outer casing comprises at least one façade part, and optionally the entire façade part, which separates the exterior from the interior, which façade part is transparent to solar radiation over substantially its entire surface, which façade part is placed on a face of the building that is oriented towards the south when the building is placed in the Northern Hemisphere and, conversely, towards the north of the building when the latter is placed in the Southern Hemisphere, and the shape of at least a part of the at least one façade part is substantially inscribed in a conical surface generated by an imaginary segment extending between the Sun and a corresponding point fixed relative to the Earth as the Earth rotates once, a structure in which the or each façade portion extends between a baseline and an upper line or edge and is thereby delimited with respect to the remainder of the outer enclosure of the structure, which remainder is largely or entirely opaque; The proposed building is characterised in that the outer surface of the facade part or of the or each of the above-mentioned parts of the facade is approximately inscribed within the surface of a part of a frustum forming part of a conical surface generated by the above-mentioned imaginary segments, the imaginary apex of which is an associated fixed point, that the outer surface of each of the above-mentioned parts of the facade part is, at each point of its upper edge, set back and inclined inwards with respect to a straight line passing through said upper edge point and perpendicular to the local horizontal plane, i.e. a straight line usually perpendicular to the ground plane, and that at least one of the above-mentioned facade parts is inscribed within the surface of the above-mentioned frustum which, when viewed from the outside, is concave or concave with respect to the relevant surface.

[0010] Thus, the invention relies on the unexpected and surprising discovery made by the inventor that for a given fixed point, it is also possible to exploit a cone or part of a cone (frustum) that is placed below the horizontal plane containing said fixed point and is opposite or negative (indeed, generally an angularly limited part of a concave frustum), and to do so equally as a positive or domed frustum placed above said horizontal plane, which is based on the same fixed point and exploited in the latest abovementioned documents. In the first case (concave or concave frustum), the virtual fixed point will be placed above the upper edge of the facade part concerned, and in the second case (convex or domed frustum), said virtual fixed point will be placed below the base line of the facade concerned.

[0011] The invention will be better understood from the following description of preferred embodiments given as non-limiting examples and illustrated with reference to the accompanying schematic drawings, in which: [Brief description of the drawings]

[0012] [Figure 1A] Schematic diagram of a facade part of a building according to an embodiment of the invention (non-distorted perspective), comprising a concave facade part (at the bottom) and a domed facade part (at the top), which are overlapping surfaces of a cone having and symmetrical with respect to the same fixed point (located in the horizontal plane separating the two facade parts), [Figure 1B] Schematic view from above of a facade part of a building according to an embodiment of the invention, comprising a concave facade part (at the bottom) and a domed facade part (at the top), which are overlapping surfaces of a cone having and symmetrical with respect to the same fixing point (located in the horizontal plane separating the two facade parts). [Figure 1C]FIG. 1 is a side view (in cross section in a vertical plane containing the fixing points and perpendicular to the facades) of a facade part of a building according to an embodiment of the invention, comprising a concave facade part (at the bottom) and a domed facade part (at the top), which are overlapping each other and are partially coherent surfaces of a cone having and symmetrical with respect to a same fixing point (located in the horizontal plane separating the two facade parts). [Figure 1D] FIG. 1D is a front view of a facade part of a building according to an embodiment of the invention, comprising a concave facade part (at the bottom) and a domed facade part (at the top), which are partially coherent surfaces of a cone superimposed on top of each other and having the same fixing point (located in the horizontal plane separating the two facade parts) and symmetrical with respect to it (in FIG. 1D the facade parts are at ground level). [Figure 2A] FIG. 2 is a schematic partial cross-sectional view of a variant embodiment of a building according to the invention having three levels or floors. [Figure 2B] FIG. 2 is a schematic partial cross-sectional view of a variant embodiment of a building according to the invention having four levels or floors. [Figure 3A] 1 is a schematic diagram of a top view of a building transparent to solar radiation according to the invention and of the shape of the upper edge corresponding to the structural configuration of the facade. [Figure 3B] 1 is a schematic diagram of a top view of a building transparent to solar radiation according to the invention and of the shape of the upper edge corresponding to the structural configuration of the facade. [Figure 3C] 1 is a schematic diagram of a top view of a building transparent to solar radiation according to the invention and of the shape of the upper edge corresponding to the structural configuration of the facade. [Figure 3D] 1 is a schematic diagram of a top view of a building transparent to solar radiation according to the invention and of the shape of the upper edge corresponding to the structural configuration of the facade. [Figure 4A] FIG. 3C is a perspective view of a building having two floors according to the invention and having a top edge similar to FIG. 3B (if necessary, only the part of the building corresponding to the central part of the transparent facade is represented). [Figure 4B]FIG. 3C is a perspective view of a building having two floors according to the invention and having a top edge similar to FIG. 3B (if necessary, only the part of the building corresponding to the central part of the transparent facade is represented). [Figure 4C] FIG. 3C is a perspective view of a building having two floors according to the invention and having a top edge similar to FIG. 3B (if necessary, only the part of the building corresponding to the central part of the transparent facade is represented). [Figure 4D] FIG. 3C is a perspective view of a building having two floors according to the invention and having a top edge similar to FIG. 3B (if necessary, only the part of the building corresponding to the central part of the transparent facade is represented). [Figure 5A] FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a building according to the invention having two floors and having different shapes of the upper edge (if necessary, only the part of the building corresponding to the central part of the transparent facade is represented). [Figure 5B] FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a building according to the invention having two floors and having different shapes of the upper edge (if necessary, only the part of the building corresponding to the central part of the transparent facade is represented). [Figure 5C] FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a building according to the invention having two floors and having different shapes of the upper edge (if necessary, only the part of the building corresponding to the central part of the transparent facade is represented). [Figure 5D] FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a building according to the invention having two floors and having different shapes of the upper edge (if necessary, only the part of the building corresponding to the central part of the transparent facade is represented). [Figure 6A] FIG. 3C is a partial perspective view of a building having four floors according to the invention and having an upper edge similar to that of FIG. 3C and a structure similar to that of FIG. 2B (only the part of the building corresponding to the central part of the transparent facade is represented). [Figure 6B] FIG. 3C is a partial perspective view of a building having four floors according to the invention and having an upper edge similar to that of FIG. 3C and a structure similar to that of FIG. 2B (only the part of the building corresponding to the central part of the transparent facade is represented). [Figure 7]A diagram in thumbnail image format of the sunlight penetration into the building as represented in Figures 6A and 6B for certain days of the year and at a certain time (location in the Northern Hemisphere - lighted facades are white or transparent in color, shaded facades are grayed out).

[0013] The invention relates to a building (1), in particular a residential building or a building open to the public, whose outer enclosure (1') comprises at least one facade portion (2), optionally the entire facade, which separates an exterior (E) from an interior (I), which is transparent to solar radiation over substantially its entire surface, which is placed on a face (2') of the building (1) oriented to the south when the building is placed in the Northern Hemisphere and, conversely, on the north side of the building (1) when the latter is placed in the Southern Hemisphere. The shape of at least a part (3, 3') of the at least one facade portion (2) is substantially inscribed in a cone generated by an imaginary segment extending between the Sun and a corresponding point (PF) fixed relative to the Earth as the Earth rotates once.

[0014] The or each façade portion (2) extends between a baseline (6) and a top line or edge (7) which together delimit the remaining portion (1'') of the outer enclosure (1') of the building (1), which remaining portion (1'') is mostly or totally opaque. This remaining portion (1'') may be formed by a roof extending down to the ground (S) or by a roof associated with a bearing external wall or, in the case of an apartment building having several floors, also by the roof or top slab (9) and the side walls.

[0015] According to the invention, said building (1) is characterized in that the outer surface of said or each said portion (3, 3') of the façade portion or façades (2) is approximately inscribed in the surface of a portion of a frustum forming part of a conical surface generated by said imaginary segments and whose imaginary apex is the associated fixed point (PF), that the outer surface of each said portion (3, 3') of the façade portion (2) is set back at each point of its upper edge (7) with respect to a line passing through said point of upper edge (7) perpendicular to the local horizontal plane (PH), i.e. generally perpendicular to the ground (4) plane, and that at least one (3) of said façade portions (3, 3') is inscribed in the surface of said frustum, which is concave or concave with respect to the associated surface (2') as seen from the outside (E). The expression "frustum" is specifically understood in this document as an extending band-shaped concave surface and an angular portion of a frustum, as shown in figures 2 to 7.

[0016] The facade section (2) may, according to a first embodiment, consist only of a concave facade section (3), as shown in figures 2, 6 and 7. In this embodiment, the fixing point of each facade section is placed at an elevated point (virtual point) and the concave frustoconical surface bands used can be advantageously used in buildings with overlapping floors. In a variant, only this facade section or one or more partial areas of the entire facade consist of one or more such concave facade sections (3) of a frustoconical shape (from the outside to the inside).

[0017] In this case (concave or concave frustum sections), the virtual fixed point (PF) of the or each concave facade section is placed on the upper edge (7) of the facade section concerned (see Figures 2A, 2B, 4A, 4C and 6A, in which the virtual fixed point (PF) relating to the facade section concerned as well as the band-shaped section can partially grasp a cone constituting a frustum in which the corresponding facade section is inscribed).

[0018] It may also be noted that in this configuration, the glazed facade (2) slopes outwards from bottom to top, reflecting the ground rather than the sky or the horizon, and thus projecting an image that visually corresponds to the material obstacle, an interesting additional property that makes it possible to avoid birds colliding with the glazed facade in question.

[0019] According to a second embodiment, which can be seen, for example, from figures 1 and 3 to 5, at least one (3') of the abovementioned facade sections (3, 3') is inscribed within a surface of a frustum which is dome-shaped or convex with respect to the face (2') concerned, in which case (convex or dome-shaped frustum) said imaginary fixed point of the or each facade section (3') is placed below the base line (6) of the facade concerned.

[0020] In both embodiments it is possible to benefit from high brightness in summer and in winter, however, due to the concrete form used, the sunlight is advantageously filtered out in summer (on the glazed façade) and keeps the interior volume in shadow (cooler in summer).

[0021] Thus, the façades or façade parts targeted by the invention correspond to the surface three-dimensional representations of the tangents of the solar trajectory. These geometric representations can be expressed positively (space, dome-like shapes) or negatively (anti-space, concave shapes) with respect to the vertical façade plane. The invention thus provides a façade shaped by the sun, i.e. according to the solar trajectory in the summer and winter, respectively, by combining the two approaches. It may also be noted that the line of sunset in the summer days corresponds to the line of sunrise in the winter days and vice versa, and that the shapes of the cones and frustums are generated by the solar trajectory in the summer days (limiting the input in the summer) and in the winter days (maximizing the input in the winter).

[0022] In particular, the concave truncated cone façade section specifically proposed by the invention, like the protruding (dome-shaped) truncated cone section, allows both full direct sun protection in summer and maximum sun protection in winter, together with a high luminosity, which results in a cool and bright interior (I) (glazed surface) in summer, since in summer the glazed façade is protected from direct exposure to the sun (shade) and in winter it is exposed to the sun's rays from start to finish (optimal adjustment of winter sun protection).

[0023] According to a first variant of the second embodiment described above and as shown in particular in Figure 1 (in the case of a truncated cone section which is a substantially full cone section), at least a part of the domed façade (3') and at least the concave section (3) are arranged so as to be superimposed and separated by a horizontal plane (PH), which includes the base line (6) of the upper façade section (3, 3') and the top line (7) of the lower façade section (3, 3'). In the embodiment shown in Figure 1, which may constitute a base module which can be repeated to form the façade section (2), the two façade sections (3 and 3') extend to the apexes of their respective truncated cones, which apexes coincide and correspond to a common fixed point.

[0024] As shown in FIG. 1, this overlap makes it possible to define two triangular surfaces (4') in the horizontal plane (PH), which are isosceles shaped and symmetrical with respect to a fixed point (PF) at which they are joined by their apexes. These two triangular surfaces, whose edges define the St. Andrew's Cross, may correspond to the area of ​​the slab (9) that physically embodies the surface, dividing it into two facade parts (3 and 3'), for example in an apartment building with two floors and two corresponding glazed facade parts (2). The aligned isosceles sides of the two triangles define two intersecting straight lines, which correspond respectively to the lines of winter sunrise and winter sunset.

[0025] In the context of the second embodiment of the invention, the fixed point is still placed at an elevation (not on the ground) and the volumes of the space (dome-like shape) and the anti-space (concave shape) are equally utilized.

[0026] According to a second variant of this second embodiment, which can easily be used in the context of an apartment building with several levels and glazed bays of large lateral dimensions, shown in the examples of Figures 4 and 5, at least a part of the domed facade (3') and at least a part of the concave facade (3) are arranged horizontally (or laterally) adjacent, their base lines (6) are continuous and their top lines (7) are continuous.

[0027] According to another advantageous variant embodiment that becomes evident from figures 2 to 5, the facade of the relevant face (2') of the building (1) is further divided into at least two facade parts (2) in the form of superimposed bands, each of which is formed by a continuity of at least two facade parts (3, 3') with at least two concave facade parts (3) and / or at least two domed facade parts (3') horizontally adjacent to one another, while being vertically separated from one another by a horizontal plane (PH), which plane includes the base line (6) of the upper facade part (3, 3') and the top line (7) of the lower facade part (3, 3').

[0028] According to an advantageous embodiment, each facade portion (2) is formed by a continuation of adjacent concave facade portions (3), if necessary terminating at its two ends in domed facade portions (3'), each facade portion (2) corresponding to or relating to a certain floor of a multi-floor building (1), the facade portions (2) of the upper floors being set back with respect to the facade portions (2) of the respective lower floors.

[0029] According to the invention and as FIG. 3 diagrammatically shows, each facade portion (2), band-shaped and optionally extending in a single piece over the entire width of the relevant face (2') of the structure (1), may be formed with three adjacent and adjoining components in a direction substantially parallel to the relevant side of the structure (1), namely a central portion (5) and two end portions; at least one, and optionally each, of the two end portions may correspond to a dome-shaped facade portion (3'), the central portion (5) of said facade portion (2) being composed of a plurality of concave facade portions (3) connected continuously with each other and, if necessary, with said two end facade portions (3') or with each of them at their upper edges (7), at their base lines (6) and at their respective outer faces.

[0030] More specifically, the portion (7') of the upper line (7) associated with the central facade portion (5) may have an extension that is substantially straight, concave dished, or convex dished between the upper ends of the portions (7'') of the upper line (7) associated with the two domed end facade portions (3'), when viewed from above or in projection onto a horizontal or ground (4) plane, and may terminate in connection with each other (Figures 3A to 3C).

[0031] In a variant and as shown in Figures 3D, 4 and 5, a portion (7') of the upper line (7) associated with the central facade portion (5) has a wavy shape, when viewed from above or in projection on the ground (4), having at least one concave segment (10) and at least one convex segment (10'), and is integrally connected with the upper ends of the portions (7'') of the upper line (7) associated with the two end facade portions (3').

[0032] It may be noted that in Figures 4 to 7, the possibly present domed end facade section (3') is not represented and the glazed facade section (2) is bounded laterally by vertical walls.

[0033] It also becomes apparent from Figures 4-6 that the various glazed facade sections (2) are constructed from sheets or panels of glass of conjugate and complementary shapes, allowing them to be assembled edge-to-edge juxtaposed, each oriented as closely as possible to the theoretical surfaces that result from the application of the inventive architectural principles presented herein. The dashed lines in Figure 1A may demarcate the basic glass sheet configurations for the creation of this figure.

[0034] Optionally, and as Figures 3A and 3B show by way of example, the upper ends of the portions (7'') of the upper line (7) associated with the two end facade sections (3') each correspond to the apex of a respective frustum relative to the ground (4) - a ground forming area or slab, the frustum each corresponding to two domed end facade sections (3') possibly having similar and complementary angular amplitudes.

[0035] According to an advantageous architectural embodiment, which also becomes evident from figures 2 to 6, the building (1) comprises at least two superimposed floors or levels (8, 8', 8'', 8'''), each of which comprises at least one façade part (2), which are separated from each other by a respective slab (9) which separates, for the floor or level placed directly above, the two superimposed floors or levels corresponding to the ground level, and, for the level or floor placed directly below, a part of the remaining part of the outer enclosure (1'). Moreover, the top edges (7) of all superimposed levels or floors (8, 8', 8'', 8''') are of the same shape, and said top edges (7) are all vertically coincidentally superimposed or offset or set back each time to the rear with respect to the top edge (7) immediately below.

[0036] Obviously, the invention is not limited to the embodiments described and represented in the attached drawings: modifications are possible, particularly in terms of the structure of the various elements or by the substitution of technical equivalents, without departing in any way from the scope of protection of the invention.

Claims

1. A building (1), in particular a residential building or a building open to the public, the outer enclosure (1') of which comprises at least one facade portion (2), optionally the entire facade, said facade portion separating an exterior (E) from an interior (I), said facade portion being transparent to solar radiation over substantially its entire surface, said facade portion being placed on a face (2') of said building (1) that is oriented to the south when said building is placed in the Northern Hemisphere and, conversely, to the north of said building (1) when the latter is placed in the Southern Hemisphere, the shape of at least a part (3, 3') of said at least one facade portion (2) being substantially inscribed in a conical surface generated by an imaginary segment extending between the sun and a corresponding point (PF) fixed relative to the earth during one rotation of the earth, the or each facade portion (2) extends between a base line (6) and a top line or edge (7) and is thereby delimited relative to the remaining portion (1'') of the outer casing (1') of said building (1), this remaining portion (1'') being a building (1) that is mostly or entirely opaque, The building (1) is characterized in that the outer surface of the or each part (3, 3') of the facade portion or facades (2) is approximately inscribed within the surface of a portion of a frustum forming a part of a conical surface generated by the imaginary segment, the imaginary vertex of which is a fixed point (PF) placed below a horizontal plane containing the associated fixed point (PF) and whose imaginary vertex is a fixed point (PF) placed on the associated upper edge (7) of the part (3, 3') of the facade portion (2) concerned, and each of the parts (3, 3') of the facade portion (2) concerned The building (1) is characterized in that the outer surface of the upper edge (7) is set back at each point of the upper edge (7) with respect to a line perpendicular to the local horizontal plane (PH), i.e., a line generally perpendicular to the ground (4) plane, passing through this point of the upper edge (7), and is inclined inwards (I), and at least one (3) of the facade parts (3, 3') forming the facade portion (2) is inscribed within the surface of the frustum, which is concave or concave with respect to the plane (2') to which it relates when viewed from the outside (E).

2. 2. A building according to claim 1, characterized in that at least the other (3') of the facade sections (3, 3') is inscribed in a frustum surface that is dome-shaped or convex with respect to the associated face (2') as seen from the outside (E).

3. 3. A building according to claim 2, characterized in that at least one domed facade section (3') and at least one concave facade section (3) are arranged so as to overlap, separated by a horizontal plane (PH), which plane includes the base line (6) of the upper facade section (3, 3') and the top line (7) of the lower facade section (3, 3').

4. 3. A building according to claim 2, characterized in that at least one domed facade section (3') and at least one concave facade section (3) are arranged horizontally adjacent to each other, with their base lines (6) contiguous and their top lines (7) contiguous.

5. 5. A building according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the facade of the relevant face (2') of the building (1) is further divided into at least two facade parts (2) in the form of superimposed bands, each formed by a succession of at least two facade parts (3, 3') with at least two concave facade parts (3) and / or at least two domed facade parts (3') horizontally adjacent to one another, while being separated from one another vertically by a horizontal plane (PH), which plane includes the base line (6) of the upper facade part (3, 3') and the top line (7) of the lower facade part (3, 3').

6. 6. A building according to claim 5, characterized in that each facade section (2) is formed by a continuation of adjacent concave facade sections (3), terminating, if necessary, at its two ends in dome-shaped facade sections (3'), and that each facade section (2) corresponds to or is associated with a floor of a building (1) having several floors, the facade sections (2) of the upper floors being set back relative to the facade sections (2) of the respective lower floors.

7. 6. A building according to claim 5, characterized in that each facade portion (2), band-shaped and optionally extending in a single piece over the entire width of the relevant face (2') of the building (1), is formed by three adjacent and adjoining components in a direction substantially parallel to the relevant side of the building (1): a central portion (5) and two end portions, at least one of said two end portions, and optionally each of said two end portions, corresponds to a dome-shaped facade portion (3'), and that the central portion (5) of said facade portion (2) is composed of several concave facade portions (3) connected continuously and integrally and, where appropriate, to said two end facade portions (3') or to each of them at their upper edges (7), at their base lines (6) and at their respective outer faces.

8. 8. The building according to claim 7, characterized in that the part (7') of the upper line (7) associated with the central facade part (5) has an extension that is substantially straight, concave or convex dish-shaped between the upper ends of the parts (7'') of the upper line (7) associated with the two domed end facade parts (3'), when viewed from above or in projection onto a horizontal or ground (4) plane, and that terminates in a contiguous manner.

9. 8. A building according to claim 7, characterized in that the portion (7') of the upper line (7) associated with the central facade portion (5) has a wave-shaped shape, when viewed from above or in projection on the ground (4), with at least one concave segment (10) and at least one convex segment (10'), and is integrally connected with the upper ends of the portions (7'') of the upper line (7) associated with the two end facade portions (3').

10. 8. The building according to claim 7, characterized in that the upper ends of the parts (7'') of the upper line (7) associated with the two end facades (3') each correspond to the apex of the respective frustum with respect to the ground (4), the frustum corresponding respectively to two domed end facades (3') possibly having similar and complementary angular amplitudes.

11. The building (1) comprises at least two superimposed floors or levels (8, 8', 8'', 8'''), each of which comprises at least one facade part (2) separated from each other by respective slabs (9), the or each slab (9) separating the two superimposed floors or levels corresponding to the ground with respect to the floor or level placed directly above, and separating a part of the remaining part of the outer casing (1') with respect to the level or floor placed directly below, the upper lines (7) of all superimposed levels or floors (8, 8', 8'', 8''') being of the same shape, the upper edges (7) of which are all vertically coincident with each other or are offset or set back each time to the rear with respect to the upper line (7) immediately below.

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