METHOD FOR COMMUNICATING N+1 BITS AND ASSOCIATED NODES - Patent application

Abstract

A method is disclosed for transmitting N+1 bits to a receiving node, where N is a positive integer. The method includes generating a modulation element by mapping the N+1 bits to constellation points of an N-dimensional adjustable constellation, where the N-dimensional adjustable constellation is derived using a constellation adjustment parameter. The method includes determining one or more physical resource elements for the modulation element based on N. The method includes transmitting the modulation element to the receiving node using the physical resource elements.

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] The present disclosure relates to the field of wireless communications. The present disclosure relates to a method for transmitting N+1 bits to a receiving node, a method for receiving N+1 bits from a transmitting node, an associated transmitting node, and an associated receiving node. [Background technology]

[0002] In New Radio (NR), modulation schemes such as Quadrature Phase-Shift Keying (QPSK) and / or 16 Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (16-QAM) are used. These modulation schemes may not provide acceptable rates under a certain Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR). Other modulation schemes, such as 8-QAM, can be used, but require comparable or higher demodulation complexity than 16-QAM. Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0003] There is therefore a need for a node and method that may mitigate, alleviate or address existing drawbacks and provide improved achievable rates while maintaining reduced demodulation complexity, such as below 8-QAM. Although the computational complexity associated with demodulating lower order constellations, such as 8-QAM and 16-QAM, is low compared to other stages of a digital communication system receiver, this complexity is not negligible and it remains an objective to devise constellations with even lower demodulation complexity. [Means for solving the problem]

[0004] A method is disclosed for transmitting N+1 bits to a receiving node, where N is a positive integer. The method includes generating a modulation element, for example by mapping the N+1 bits to a constellation point of an N-dimensional adjustable constellation, where the N-dimensional adjustable constellation is derived using a constellation adjustment parameter. The method may include determining one or more physical resource elements for the modulation element based on N. The method may include transmitting the modulation element to the receiving node using the physical resource elements.

[0005] Further provided is a transmitting node comprising a memory circuit, a processor circuit, and a wireless interface, the transmitting node configured to perform any of the methods disclosed herein.

[0006] It is an advantage of the present disclosure that the disclosed method and the disclosed transmitting node can achieve target rates higher than those provided by QPSK by providing adjustable multi-dimensional constellations for the modulation scheme. The disclosed method and the disclosed transmitting node can enable reduced demodulation complexity (e.g., compared to the complexity of 16-QAM and / or 8-QAM), thereby increasing the computational speed of demodulation at the receiving node. The disclosed method and the disclosed transmitting node can provide greater flexibility in the selection of Modulation and Coding Schemes (MCS).

[0007] A method is disclosed for receiving N+1 bits, performed by a receiving node. The method includes receiving a signal from a transmitting node using a physical resource element. The method can include deriving a parameter indicative of a likelihood that the N+1 bit is 0 or 1 based on the signal and an N-dimensional adjustable constellation. The N-dimensional adjustable constellation is derived using the constellation adjustment parameter. The method can include providing the parameter to a decoder.

[0008] Further provided is a receiving node comprising a memory circuit, a processor circuit, and a wireless interface, the receiving node configured to perform any of the methods disclosed herein.

[0009] It is an advantage of the present disclosure that the disclosed method and disclosed receiving node can benefit from reduced demodulation complexity (e.g., compared to the complexity of 16-QAM and / or 8-QAM) and thereby increased computational speed of demodulation, while achieving target rates higher than those provided by QPSK. The disclosed method and disclosed receiving node can provide greater flexibility in the selection of modulation and coding schemes (MCS).

[0010] The above and other features and advantages of the present disclosure will become readily apparent to those skilled in the art from the following detailed description of examples thereof, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which: [Brief description of the drawings]

[0011] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 illustrates an example wireless communication system including an example transmitting node and an example receiving node in accordance with the present disclosure. [Diagram 2] FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating an exemplary 8-value constellation, such as 8-QAM. [Diagram 3]FIG. 3 is a graph showing exemplary achievable rates for QPSK, 8QAM, and 16QAM versus SNR. [Figure 4] FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating an example constellation for N=2, in accordance with one or more examples of this disclosure. [Diagram 5] FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating an example constellation for N=3, in accordance with one or more examples of this disclosure. [Figure 6] FIG. 6 is a graph illustrating example achievable rates for a family of adjustable constellations, in accordance with one or more examples of this disclosure. [Figure 7] FIG. 7 is a flowchart illustrating an example method performed by a transmitting node to transmit N+1 bits in accordance with the present disclosure. [Figure 8] FIG. 8 is a flowchart illustrating an example method performed by a receiving node of a wireless communication system for receiving N+1 bits in accordance with the present disclosure. [Figure 9] FIG. 9 is a block diagram illustrating an example transmitting node according to the present disclosure. [Figure 10] FIG. 10 is a block diagram illustrating an example receiving node according to the present disclosure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0012] Various examples and details are described below with reference to the figures where relevant. It should be noted that the figures may or may not be drawn to scale, and elements of similar structure or function are represented by similar reference numbers throughout the figures. It should also be noted that the figures are intended to facilitate the description of the examples only. They are not intended as an exhaustive description of the present disclosure or as a limitation on the scope of the present disclosure. In addition, the examples shown do not have all aspects or advantages shown. An aspect or advantage described in connection with a particular example is not necessarily limited to that example, and may be implemented in any other example even if not so shown or not so explicitly described.

[0013] The figures are schematic and simplified for clarity, and they merely show details that aid in the understanding of the present disclosure, while other details are omitted. The same reference numerals are used throughout for identical or corresponding parts.

[0014] FIG. 1 illustrates an example wireless communication system 1 including an example transmitting node and an example receiving node according to the present disclosure.

[0015] As discussed in detail herein, the present disclosure relates to a wireless communication system 1, which may comprise a cellular system, e.g., a 3GPP wireless communication system. The wireless communication system 1 comprises an exemplary transmitting node and an exemplary receiving node according to the present disclosure. The wireless communication system 1 described herein may comprise one or more transmitting nodes and one or more receiving nodes.

[0016] In one or more examples, the transmitting node may be a network node, such as network node 500, while the receiving node may be a wireless device, such as wireless device 600.

[0017] In one or more examples, the transmitting node may be a wireless device, such as wireless device 600, while the receiving node may be a network node, such as network node 500.

[0018] A wireless device may refer to a mobile device and / or user equipment (UE).

[0019] A network node as disclosed herein refers to a radio access network node operating within a radio access network, such as a base station, evolved Node B (eNB), gNB, etc., in NR. In one or more examples, a RAN node is a functional unit that may be distributed across several physical units.

[0020] The wireless communication system 1 described herein may include one or more wireless devices 600, 600A, and / or one or more network nodes 500, such as one or more of a base station, eNB, gNB, and / or access point.

[0021] The wireless devices 600, 600A may be configured to communicate with the network node 500 via wireless links (or radio access links) 10, 10A.

[0022] The term "tunable" as used herein may be considered to be capable of being adjusted. In one or more examples, other clarifications of tuneable may be used, such as tunable.

[0023] FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating an exemplary 8-value constellation, such as 8-QAM.

[0024] The 8-value constellation shown in Figure 2 shows constellation points forming an 8-value constellation arranged in a two-dimensional grid. For the IQ constellation points, the x-axis may be considered to represent I (e.g., in-phase) and the y-axis may be considered to represent Q (e.g., quadrature). The collection of all the constellation points may be considered as an IQ constellation.

[0025] In addition to 8-QAM, QPSK and 16-QAM constellations are used in communication systems. The rates offered by the three constellations QPSK, 8-QAM, 16-QAM are shown in Figure 3. Figure 3 shows a graph illustrating exemplary achievable rates for QPSK, 8QAM, and 16QAM versus SNR. The y-axis may represent the rate per real dimension (I / Q).

[0026] Figure 3 shows that when the SNR is at or around 3-4 dB, the rate for QPSK begins to saturate and a switch to 8-QAM can occur, but in NR and most other systems, 8-QAM is not implemented, so a switch to 16QAM occurs instead.

[0027] 8-QAM has a comparable demodulation complexity to 16-QAM, but 8-QAM is not used because 16-QAM offers a lower rate. The demodulation complexity of 8-QAM may be due to the fact that the constellation is not separable into independent I and Q components. 8PSK may be used, but is a weaker constellation than 8-QAM in that the minimum Euclidean distance for 8PSK is smaller than that of 8-QAM. In other words, it may be found that a weaker constellation may be a constellation that offers a smaller Euclidean distance, which may result in 8PSK requiring a larger SNR for the same real channel capacity compared to 8QAM.

[0028] This disclosure provides techniques involving multiple constellations (such as a set of constellations, a collection of constellations, and / or a family of constellations) that operate and provide rates between the rates of QPSK and 8QAM of Figure 3. The rates achieved by 8-QAM can also be achieved with the disclosed constellations. Most importantly, the disclosed techniques provide a demodulation complexity lower than that of 8-QAM.

[0029] The present disclosure provides a method for transmitting N+1 bits by generating a modulation element. The modulation element can be generated by mapping the N+1 bits to a constellation point of an N-dimensional adjustable constellation. The N-dimensional adjustable constellation is derived using a constellation adjustment parameter. For example, the modulation element can include one or more real values.

[0030] For example, N+1 bits are transmitted in N real-valued signal dimensions, where N is a positive integer. For example, N+1 bits are transmitted simultaneously as N real-valued signals with a total of N I and Q components. A maximum rate of 1+1 / N is obtained per real dimension (i.e., I or Q).

[0031] For N=2, 3, 4, the resulting rates are 1.5, 1.33, 1.25, respectively. These rates may be considered equivalent to the rates offered by 8QAM, "6.32" QAM, and "5.66" QAM. The latter two do not exist, but highlight the advantages of the disclosed method.

[0032] In N real dimensions, a transmitting node as disclosed herein may

number

[0033] 4 illustrates an example constellation for N=2, according to one or more examples of the present disclosure. In other words, FIG. 4 illustrates a two-dimensional constellation according to the present disclosure, including eight constellation points. The achievable rate of this constellation is provided by curve 61 in FIG. 6. The rate is quite close to 8-QAM, but offers a much lower complexity than 8-QAM. The constellation adjustment parameter is set to 0.5 in this example.

[0034] 5 is a diagram illustrating an example constellation for N = 3, in accordance with one or more examples of this disclosure. Additionally, for N = 3, FIG. 5 illustrates the projections of the constellation points (shown as open circles) on the XY plane as filled circles.

[0035] The projections of the constellation points on the XZ plane are shown as vertically striped circles. The projections of the constellation points on the YZ plane are shown as horizontally striped circles. The constellation adjustment parameter is set to a=0.5, e.g., 0.5 in this example.

[0036] FIG. 6 is a graph illustrating example achievable rates for a family of adjustable constellations for various N, in accordance with one or more examples of the present disclosure. The y-axis may represent rate per real dimension (I / Q). Curve 61 in FIG. 6 illustrates achievable rates for N=2. Curve 62 in FIG. 6 illustrates achievable rates for N=3. Curve 63 in FIG. 6 illustrates achievable rates for N=4. Curve 64 in FIG. 6 illustrates achievable rates for N=5.

[0037] A constellation adjustment parameter may be considered as a parameter used to adjust (customize, adjust, modify, adapt, etc.) a constellation for a modulation scheme. The constellation parameter may be optimized. The constellation parameter may be a predefined value. The constellation parameter may be a fixed value.

[0038] For example, the constellation parameter may be set to a predetermined value, e.g., a=0.5. In one or more examples, other values ​​(e.g., smaller) provide better rates at low SNR. In particular,

number

[0039] For various N and a=0.5, the resulting rates are shown in FIG.

[0040] The constellations disclosed herein can operate between QPSK and 8 / 16-QAM, as shown in Figure 6. However, to be of practical use, their demodulation should have low complexity, such as lower than 8 / 16-QAM. The exact form of the matrix linking the variables s and x, shown in equation (1), makes this possible.

[0041] x N+1 The Max-log-MAP (Maximum A Posteriori) Log Likelihood Ratio (LLR) of

number

number

[0042] Equation (2) shows that the demodulation of bits x1,…x has extremely low complexity. N The demodulation of is even less intensive or expensive.

number

number

[0043] 7 illustrates a flow diagram of an example method 100 performed by a transmitting node according to the present disclosure, e.g., by a transmitting node disclosed herein (such as the transmitting nodes of FIGS. 1 and 9). Method 100 may be viewed as a method for providing N+1 bits to a receiving node, such as for transmitting the N+1 bits to the receiving node.

[0044] The transmitting node may be, for example, one or more of the network nodes and / or wireless devices disclosed herein.

[0045] The method 100 includes generating a modulation element S102. For example, the modulation element can be generated by a transmitting node by mapping N+1 bits to a constellation point of an N-dimensional adjustable constellation S102A. In one or more examples, the transmitting node can map bits of the N+1 bits to a constellation point of the N-dimensional adjustable constellation. In other words, each bit of the N+1 bits can be mapped to a constellation point of the N-dimensional adjustable constellation. In one or more exemplary methods, the modulation element includes at least one modulation symbol corresponding to a constellation point. For example, the modulation element may include one or more modulation symbols, where each modulation symbol corresponds to a constellation point obtained from mapping S102A. For example, the modulation element may include a set of N modulation symbols, where each modulation symbol corresponds to a constellation point obtained from mapping S102A. The modulation element may be considered as a vector including one or more modulation symbols.

[0046] An N-dimensional tunable constellation may be considered as a constellation that has N dimensions and can be adjusted (e.g., configured, customized, etc.). An N-dimensional tunable constellation may include multiple constellation points. An N-dimensional tunable constellation may be considered as a signal constellation, such as a constellation scheme, where a constellation is a collection of constellation points.

[0047] A modulation element may be considered as at least one modulation symbol (having the meaning given in TS38.211 version 16.7.0 and / or version 15.0.0). A mapping may be considered as a modulation function that maps N+1 bits to N real numbers. For example, the mapping may be a linear transformation given by a matrix or another mapping function.

[0048] In one or more exemplary methods, the modulation element includes one or more real-valued values. In other words, the modulation symbols included in the modulation element can be real-valued modulation symbols. For example, each modulation symbol of the modulation element can be a real-valued modulation symbol. For example, the modulation element may include a set of N modulation symbols, where each modulation symbol is a real-valued modulation symbol.

[0049] In one or more exemplary methods, the modulation element includes one or more complex values. In other words, the modulation symbols included in the modulation element can be complex-valued symbols. For example, each modulation symbol of the modulation element can be a complex-valued modulation symbol. For example, bits can be mapped to complex-valued modulation symbols.

[0050] The N-dimensional adjustable constellation can be derived using the constellation adjustment parameters, in other words, the N-dimensional constellation can be adjusted and determined using the constellation adjustment parameters.

[0051] The constellation adjustment parameters may be considered as parameters used to adjust the constellation for a modulation scheme. In one or more exemplary methods, the constellation adjustment parameters are configured to obtain a target transmission rate. In other words, the constellation adjustment parameters may impact or affect the performance for a modulation scheme. For example, at different SNRs, different adjustment parameters are best. In one or more exemplary methods, the constellation adjustment parameters are configured to adapt to the SNR to achieve and / or optimize the target transmission rate. The target transmission rate may be considered as a transmission bit rate, such as a rate for transmitted bits. For example, the constellation adjustment parameters may change the performance for a scheme, and for each SNR, there is a best constellation adjustment parameter that allows the highest transmitted bit rate of the transmitting node. In other words, the constellation adjustment parameters may change the structure of the N-dimensional adjustable constellation. In different words, determining the appropriate constellation adjustment parameters may enable a maximum transmission rate. For example, for a target rate, optimizing the constellation adjustment parameters may allow to lower the value of E (i.e., transmission power / energy).

[0052] In one or more exemplary methods, the constellation adjustment parameter is a predefined parameter known to the receiving node and the transmitting node. The constellation parameter may be optimized. The constellation parameter may be a predefined value. The constellation parameter may be a fixed value. For example, the constellation parameter may be set to a predefined value, e.g., a=0.5. In one or more exemplary methods, other values ​​(e.g., smaller) provide better rates at low SNR. In particular,

number

[0053] The method 100 includes optionally determining S104 one or more physical resource elements for the modulation element based on N. For example, the physical resource element depends on N. The physical resource element may be considered as a time and frequency element, such as a subcarrier associated with a time slot. The physical resource element may be an element of a physical resource block. For example, the physical resource block includes a number of resource elements (which may also be referred to as a block). For example, for N=12 or N=6, a physical resource block (PRB) including 12 resource elements may be used to transmit the modulation element. For example, for a physical resource block (PRB) having a pilot and including 12 resource elements, N depends on 10 (due to the pilot taking up 2 resource elements). The modulation element, which may include at least one modulation symbol, may be transmitted using one or more physical resource elements determined in S104 based on N.

[0054] In one or more example methods, one or more physical resource elements are determined to be mutually orthogonal when received at a receiving node, e.g., the one or more physical resource elements are orthogonal at the receiver after appropriate processing at the receiver (e.g., after removal of the CP).

[0055] In one or more exemplary methods, one or more physical resource elements are determined to be mutually orthogonal in frequency and / or time and / or polarization and / or code domain. In one or more exemplary methods, one or more physical resource elements are determined to be mutually orthogonal at antenna ports, such as using different antenna ports. For example, a physical resource element may carry two real-valued signals or one complex-valued signal. A real-valued signal from one modulation symbol may be combined with a real-valued signal from another modulation symbol to form a complex value in a physical resource element.

[0056] In one or more example methods, determining physical resource elements for the modulation element based on N S104 includes determining consecutive physical resource elements for the modulation element based on N S104A. In one or more example methods, determining physical resource elements for the modulation element based on N S104 includes interleaving the physical resource elements for the modulation element S104B.

[0057] The method 100 includes transmitting S106 the modulation element to a receiving node using the physical resource element.

[0058] In one or more example methods, mapping S102A the N+1 bits to constellation points of the N-dimensional adjustable constellation includes applying S102AA a modulation function that maps the N+1 bits to N real values.

[0059] In one or more exemplary methods, generating modulation elements S102 includes applying a linear transformation S102B given by a matrix based on the constellation adjustment parameters. In one or more exemplary methods, the matrix is ​​a matrix of dimension (N×(N+1)). The matrix may be a real matrix. In one or more exemplary methods, the matrix includes a diagonal matrix of dimension (N×N). In one or more exemplary methods, the diagonal matrix is ​​a scaled identity matrix, such as:

number

[0060] In one or more example methods, the matrix includes the constellation adjustment parameters “a” as columns, such as:

number

[0061] In one or more exemplary methods, the method 100 includes applying a power scaling parameter, for example, to the modulation elements. For example, after selecting the constellation adjustment parameters, the N-dimensional adjustable constellation is renormalized (e.g., to unit average energy). For example, the transmit power via "E" in Equation (1) is selected to generate the modulation elements.

[0062] In one or more example methods, the method 100 includes transmitting control signaling to the receiving node indicating the mapping S102.

[0063] In one or more exemplary methods, the control signaling includes capability signaling indicating the mapping. In one or more exemplary methods, the method includes receiving S101 information from a receiving node indicating a mapping to apply at the transmitting node. In one or more exemplary methods, the control signaling includes a request to the receiving node to activate the mapping. In one or more exemplary methods, the method 100 includes receiving a response from the receiving node. In one or more exemplary methods, the control signaling indicates a constellation adjustment parameter.

[0064] Figure 8 illustrates a flow diagram of an example method 200 performed by a receiving node according to the present disclosure, such as the disclosed receiving nodes of Figures 1 and 10. The receiving node may be a network node or a wireless device.

[0065] The method 200 includes receiving a signal from a transmitting node using the physical resource element S204. The signal received at S204 may be received from the transmitting node that transmitted the modulation element at S106 of FIG.

[0066] The method 200 may include obtaining S206 a parameter indicative of a likelihood that the N+1 bit is 0 or 1 based on the signal and the N-dimensional adjustable constellation. The N-dimensional adjustable constellation is derived using the constellation adjustment parameter. The N-dimensional adjustable constellation may be described with respect to Figure 7, Figure 2, Figure 4, and / or Figure 5. In one or more example methods, the constellation adjustment parameter is configured to obtain a target transmission rate.

[0067] The parameter indicative of the likelihood that each of the N+1 bits is 0 or 1 may include a posterior log-likelihood ratio and / or a Max-log-Maximum a posteriori (MAP) value. For example, the posterior log-likelihood ratio may be considered as a parameter providing a logarithmic value for the probability that the bit is 1 divided by the probability that the bit is 0. The term "a posteriori" may be considered as performing the log-likelihood derivation after making noisy observations of the modulation elements and / or constellation points. This can also be calculated with reduced complexity with Max.log-MAP as shown in equation (2).

[0068] In one or more exemplary methods, the constellation adjustment parameters are pre-defined parameters known to the receiving node and the transmitting node.

[0069] The method 200 may include providing S208 the parameters to a decoder. The decoder may benefit from reduced demodulation complexity as shown in equation (2).

[0070] In one or more example methods, the method 200 includes receiving S202 control signaling from a transmitting node indicating an N-dimensional tunable constellation.

[0071] In one or more example methods, the control signaling includes capability signaling indicating an N-dimensional tunable constellation.

[0072] In one or more exemplary methods, the method 200 includes transmitting information to a transmitting node indicating a mapping to apply at the transmitting node using an N-dimensional adjustable constellation S201. In one or more exemplary methods, the control signaling includes a request from the transmitting node to activate the mapping. In one or more exemplary methods, the method 200 includes transmitting a response to the transmitting node. In one or more exemplary methods, the control signaling indicates a constellation adjustment parameter.

[0073] 9 illustrates a block diagram of an example transmitting node 300 according to the present disclosure. The transmitting node 300 includes a memory circuit 301, a processor circuit 302, and a wireless interface 303. The transmitting node 300 may be configured to perform any of the methods disclosed in FIG. 7. In other words, the transmitting node 300 may be configured to transmit N+1 bits using N modulation symbols.

[0074] The sending node 300 is configured to communicate with a receiving node, such as a receiving node disclosed herein, using a wireless communication system.

[0075] The wireless interface 303 is configured for wireless communications via a wireless communications system, such as a 3GPP system supporting one or more of New Radio (NR), Narrow-band IoT (NB-IoT), and millimeter wave communications, such as millimeter wave communications in licensed bands, such as Long-Term Evolution-enhanced Machine Type Communication (LTE-M), device-to-device millimeter wave communications in licensed bands, etc.

[0076] The transmitting node 300 is configured to generate the modulation elements (e.g., via the processor circuitry 302). For example, the modulation elements may be generated by the transmitting node by mapping N+1 bits to constellation points of an N-dimensional adjustable constellation. The N-dimensional adjustable constellation may be derived using a constellation adjustment parameter.

[0077] The transmitting node 300 may be configured to determine (eg, via the processor circuitry 302) one or more physical resource elements for the modulation element based on N.

[0078] The transmitting node 300 is configured to transmit modulation elements to a receiving node (eg, via a wireless interface 303) using physical resource elements.

[0079] In one or more exemplary transmitting nodes, the modulation element includes at least one modulation symbol corresponding to a constellation point.

[0080] In one or more exemplary transmitting nodes, the modulation element includes one or more real values ​​or one or more complex values.

[0081] In one or more exemplary transmitting nodes, the constellation adjustment parameters are configured to obtain a target transmission rate.

[0082] In one or more exemplary transmitting nodes, the constellation adjustment parameters are predefined parameters known to the receiving node and the transmitting node.

[0083] The transmitting node 300 may be configured to apply the power scaling parameters (eg, via the processor circuitry 302).

[0084] In one or more exemplary transmitting nodes, the matrix is ​​a matrix of dimensions (N×(N+1)).

[0085] In one or more exemplary transmitting nodes, the matrix includes a diagonal matrix of dimension (N×N). In one or more exemplary transmitting nodes, the diagonal matrix is ​​a scaled identity matrix. In one or more exemplary transmitting nodes, the matrix includes constellation adjustment parameters as columns.

[0086] At one or more exemplary transmitting nodes, the one or more physical resource elements are determined to be orthogonal to one another when received at a receiving node.

[0087] In one or more exemplary transmitting nodes, the one or more physical resource elements are determined to be mutually orthogonal in frequency, and / or time, and / or polarization, and / or code domain.

[0088] In one or more exemplary transmitting nodes, the control signaling includes capability signaling that indicates the mapping.

[0089] In one or more exemplary transmitting nodes, the control signaling includes a request to the receiving node to activate the mapping. In one or more exemplary transmitting nodes, the control signaling indicates a constellation adjustment parameter.

[0090] The sending node 300 is optionally configured to perform any of the operations disclosed in Figure 7 (such as any one or more of S101, S102, S102A, S102AA, S102B, S104, S104A, S104B, S106). The operations of the sending node 300 may be embodied in the form of executable logic routines (e.g., lines of code, software programs, etc.) stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium (e.g., memory circuitry 301) and executed by processor circuitry 302).

[0091] Moreover, the operations of the transmitting node 300 may be considered methods that the transmitting node 300 is configured to perform. Also, while the functions and operations described may be implemented in software, such functionality may also be performed via dedicated hardware or firmware, or any combination of hardware, firmware and / or software.

[0092] The memory circuit 301 may be one or more of a buffer, a flash memory, a hard drive, a removable media, a volatile memory, a non-volatile memory, a random access memory (RAM), or other suitable devices. In a typical arrangement, the memory circuit 301 may include a non-volatile memory for long-term data storage and a volatile memory that serves as a system memory for the processor circuit 302. The memory circuit 301 may exchange data with the processor circuit 302 by a data bus. There may also be control lines and an address bus between the memory circuit 301 and the processor circuit 302 (not shown in FIG. 9). The memory circuit 301 is considered a non-transitory computer-readable medium.

[0093] The memory circuit 301 may be configured to store the constellation adjustment parameters, the N-dimensional adjustable constellation in a portion of the memory.

[0094] 10 illustrates a block diagram of an example receiving node 400 according to the present disclosure. The receiving node 400 includes a memory circuit 401, a processor circuit 402, and a wireless interface 403. The receiving node 400 may be configured to perform any of the methods disclosed in FIG. 8. In other words, the receiving node 400 may be configured to receive N+1 bits.

[0095] The receiving node 400 is configured to communicate with a transmitting node, such as a transmitting node disclosed herein, using a wireless communication system.

[0096] The wireless interface 403 is configured for wireless communications via a wireless communications system, such as a 3GPP system supporting one or more of New Radio (NR), Narrowband IoT (NB-IoT), and Long Term Evolution-Enhanced Machine-Based Communications (LTE-M), millimeter wave communications, such as millimeter wave communications in licensed bands, such as device-to-device millimeter wave communications in licensed bands.

[0097] The receiving node 400 is configured to receive a signal from a transmitting node (e.g., via a wireless interface 403) using the physical resource elements. The received signal may be received from a transmitting node that transmits modulation elements at S106 of FIG.

[0098] The receiving node 400 is configured to derive (e.g., via the processor circuitry 402) a parameter indicative of the likelihood that the N+1 bit is 0 or 1 based on the signal and the N-dimensional adjustable constellation. The N-dimensional adjustable constellation is derived using the constellation adjustment parameter. The N-dimensional adjustable constellation may be described in relation to FIG. 7. In one or more exemplary methods, the constellation adjustment parameter is configured to obtain a target transmission rate.

[0099] In one or more exemplary receiving nodes, the constellation adjustment parameters are predefined parameters known to the receiving node and the transmitting node.

[0100] The receiving node 400 is configured to provide the parameters (e.g., via the processor circuitry 402) to a decoder, such as the decoder 402A. The transmitting node 400 may comprise the decoder 402A. The decoder 402A may benefit from reduced demodulation complexity as shown in equation (2).

[0101] The processor circuitry 402 is optionally configured to perform any of the operations disclosed in Figure 8 (such as any one or more of S201, S202, S204, S206, S208). The operations of the receiving node 400 may be embodied in the form of executable logic routines (e.g., lines of code, software programs, etc.) stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium (e.g., memory circuitry 401) and executed by the processor circuitry 402.

[0102] Moreover, the operations of the receiving node 400 may be considered methods that the receiving node 400 is configured to perform. Also, while the functions and operations described may be implemented in software, such functionality may also be performed via dedicated hardware or firmware, or any combination of hardware, firmware, and / or software.

[0103] The memory circuit 401 may be one or more of a buffer, a flash memory, a hard drive, a removable media, a volatile memory, a non-volatile memory, a random access memory (RAM), or other suitable devices. In a typical arrangement, the memory circuit 401 may include a non-volatile memory for long-term data storage and a volatile memory that serves as a system memory for the processor circuit 402. The memory circuit 401 may exchange data with the processor circuit 402 by a data bus. There may also be control lines and an address bus between the memory circuit 401 and the processor circuit 402 (not shown in FIG. 10). The memory circuit 401 is considered a non-transitory computer-readable medium.

[0104] The memory circuit 401 may be configured to store the constellation adjustment parameters and the N-dimensional adjustable constellation in a portion of the memory.

[0105] Examples of methods and products (network nodes and wireless devices) according to the present disclosure are detailed in the following items: Item 1. A method performed by a transmitting node for transmitting N+1 bits to a receiving node, where N is a positive integer, the method comprising: A modulation element is generated (S102) by mapping (S102A) N+1 bits to a constellation point of an N-dimensional adjustable constellation, the N-dimensional adjustable constellation being derived using a constellation adjustment parameter; determining one or more physical resource elements for the modulation element based on N (S104); and transmitting (S106) the modulation element to a receiving node using the physical resource element. Item 2. The method of item 1, wherein the modulation element includes at least one modulation symbol corresponding to a constellation point. Item 3. The method of items 1 or 2, wherein the modulation element comprises one or more real values ​​or one or more complex values. Item 4. The method according to any one of items 1 to 3, wherein the constellation adjustment parameters are configured to obtain a target transmission rate. Item 5. A method according to any one of items 1 to 4, wherein the constellation adjustment parameter is a predetermined parameter known to the receiving node and the transmitting node. Item 6. The method according to any one of items 1 to 5, wherein the method includes applying a power scaling parameter. Item 7. The method according to any one of items 1 to 6, wherein mapping N+1 bits to constellation points of an N-dimensional adjustable constellation (S102A) includes applying a modulation function that maps the N+1 bits to N real values ​​(S102AA). Item 8. The method according to any one of items 1 to 7, wherein generating a modulation element (S102) includes applying a linear transformation given by a matrix based on a constellation adjustment parameter (S102B). Item 9. The method of item 8, wherein the matrix is ​​a matrix of dimensions (N×(N+1)). Item 10. The method of items 8 or 9, wherein the matrix comprises a diagonal matrix of dimensions (N×N). Item 11. The method of item 10, wherein the diagonal matrix is ​​a scaled identity matrix. Item 12. The method according to any one of items 8 to 10, wherein the matrix includes constellation adjustment parameters as columns. Item 13. A method according to any one of items 1 to 12, wherein one or more physical resource elements are determined to be mutually orthogonal when received at a receiving node. Item 14. The method according to any one of items 1 to 13, wherein one or more physical resource elements are determined to be mutually orthogonal in frequency, and / or time, and / or polarization, and / or code domain. Item 15. The method according to any one of items 1 to 14, wherein determining a physical resource element for the modulation element based on N (S104) includes determining consecutive physical resource elements for the modulation element based on N (S104A). Item 16. The method according to any one of items 1 to 15, wherein determining physical resource elements for the modulation element based on N (S104) includes interleaving physical resource elements for the modulation element (S104B). Item 17. A method according to any one of items 1 to 16, the method including transmitting control signaling to the receiving node indicating the mapping (S102). Item 18. The method of item 17, wherein the control signaling includes capability signaling indicating the mapping. Item 19. A method according to any one of items 1 to 18, the method including receiving information from a receiving node indicating a mapping to apply at a transmitting node (S101). Item 20. A method according to any one of items 17 to 19, wherein the control signaling includes a request to the receiving node to activate the mapping, and the method includes receiving a response from the receiving node. Item 21. The method according to any one of items 17 to 20, wherein the control signaling indicates a constellation adjustment parameter. Item 22. A method performed by a receiving node for receiving N+1 bits, the method comprising: receiving a signal from a transmitting node using a physical resource element (S204); Obtaining a parameter indicative of a likelihood that the N+1 bit is 0 or 1 based on the signal and the N-dimensional adjustable constellation (S206); the N-dimensional adjustable constellation is derived using the constellation adjustment parameter; and providing the parameters to a decoder (S208). Item 23. The method of item 22, wherein the constellation adjustment parameters are configured to obtain a target transmission rate. Item 24. The method of item 22 or 23, wherein the constellation adjustment parameter is a predetermined parameter known to the receiving node and the transmitting node. Item 25. The method of item 22 or 23, the method including receiving control signaling from a transmitting node indicating an N-dimensional adjustable constellation (S202). Item 26. The method of item 25, wherein the control signaling includes capability signaling indicating an N-dimensional adjustable constellation. Item 27. A method according to any one of Items 22 to 26, the method including transmitting information to a transmitting node indicating a mapping to apply at the transmitting node using an N-dimensional adjustable constellation (S201). Item 28. A method according to any one of items 25 to 27, wherein the control signaling includes a request from the transmitting node to activate the mapping, and the method includes sending a response to the transmitting node. Item 29. The method of any one of items 25 to 28, wherein the control signaling indicates a constellation adjustment parameter. Item 30. A transmitting node comprising a memory circuit, a processor circuit, and a wireless interface, the transmitting node being configured to perform any of the methods described in any one of items 1 to 21. Item 31. A receiving node comprising a memory circuit, a processor circuit, and a wireless interface, the receiving node being configured to execute any of the methods described in any one of items 22 to 29.

[0106] The use of terms such as "first", "second", "third" and "fourth", "primary", "secondary", "tertiary", etc. does not imply any particular order, but is included to identify individual elements. Additionally, the use of terms such as "first", "second", "third" and "fourth", "primary", "secondary", "tertiary", etc. does not imply any order or importance, but rather terms such as "first", "second", "third" and "fourth", "primary", "secondary", "tertiary", etc. are used to distinguish one element from another. Note that words such as "first", "second", "third" and "fourth", "primary", "secondary", "tertiary", etc. are used herein and elsewhere for labeling purposes only, and are not intended to indicate any particular spatial or temporal ordering. Additionally, the labeling of a first element does not imply the presence of a second element, and vice versa.

[0107] It will be understood that the figures include some circuits or operations shown with solid lines and some circuits, components, features, or operations shown with dashed lines. The circuits or operations included with solid lines are the circuits, components, features, or operations included in the broadest example. The circuits, components, features, or operations included with dashed lines are examples that may be included in or part of the circuits, components, features, or operations of the solid line examples, or further circuits, components, features, or operations that may be brought in addition thereto. It should be understood that these operations do not have to be performed in the order presented. Furthermore, it should be understood that not all operations need to be performed. The example operations may be performed in any order and in any combination. It should be understood that these operations do not have to be performed in the order presented. The circuits, components, features, or operations included with dashed lines may be considered optional.

[0108] Other operations not described herein may be incorporated into the example operations, for example, one or more additional operations may be performed before, after, simultaneously with, or between any of the described operations.

[0109] Certain features discussed above as separate implementations can also be implemented in combination in a single implementation. Conversely, features described as a single implementation can also be implemented in multiple implementations separately or in any suitable subcombination. Further, although features may be described above as acting in a particular combination, one or more features from a claimed combination can in some cases be deleted from the combination, and the combination can be claimed as any subcombination or a variation of any subcombination.

[0110] It should be noted that the word "comprising" does not necessarily exclude the presence of other elements or steps than those listed.

[0111] It should be noted that the word "a" or "an" preceding an element does not exclude the presence of a plurality of such elements.

[0112] It should further be noted that any reference signs are not intended to limit the scope of the claims, and that the examples may be implemented at least in part by both hardware and software, and that several "means", "units" or "devices" may be represented by the same item of hardware.

[0113] Various example methods, devices, nodes, and systems described herein are described in the general context of method steps or processes, which in one aspect may be implemented by a computer program product embodied in a computer-readable medium including computer-executable instructions, such as program code, executed by a computer in a networked environment. The computer-readable medium may include removable and non-removable storage devices, including but not limited to Read Only Memory (ROM), Random Access Memory (RAM), compact discs (CD), digital versatile discs (DVD), and the like. Generally, program circuitry may include routines, programs, objects, components, data structures, and the like that perform specified tasks or implement particular abstract data types. Computer-executable instructions, associated data structures, and program circuitry represent examples of program code for executing steps of the methods disclosed herein. A particular sequence of such executable instructions or associated data structures represents examples of corresponding acts for implementing the functions described in such steps or processes.

[0114] While features have been illustrated and described, it will be understood that they are not intended to limit the claimed disclosure, and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the scope of the claimed disclosure. Accordingly, the specification and drawings are to be regarded in an illustrative rather than a restrictive sense. The claimed disclosure is intended to cover all alternatives, modifications, and equivalents.

Claims

1. 1. A method performed by a transmitting node for transmitting N+1 bits to a receiving node, N being a positive integer, the method comprising: Generating modulation elements (S102) by mapping (S102A) the N+1 bits to constellation points of an N-dimensional adjustable constellation, the N-dimensional adjustable constellation being derived using a constellation adjustment parameter; determining one or more physical resource elements for the modulation element based on N (S104); and transmitting (S106) the modulation element to the receiving node using the physical resource element.

2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the modulation element comprises at least one modulation symbol corresponding to the constellation point.

3. The method of claim 1 or 2, wherein the modulation element comprises one or more real values ​​or one or more complex values.

4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the constellation adjustment parameters are configured to obtain a target transmission rate.

5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the constellation adjustment parameter is a predefined parameter known to the receiving node and the transmitting node.

6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the method comprises applying a power scaling parameter.

7. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein mapping (S102A) the N+1 bits to the constellation points of the N-dimensional adjustable constellation comprises applying (S102AA) a modulation function that maps the N+1 bits to N real values.

8. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein generating (S102) the modulation elements comprises applying (S102B) a linear transformation given by a matrix based on the constellation adjustment parameters.

9. The method of claim 8 , wherein the matrix is ​​a matrix of dimension (N×(N+1)) and / or the matrix comprises a diagonal matrix of dimension (N×N).

10. The method of claim 9 , wherein the diagonal matrix is ​​a scaled identity matrix.

11. The method according to any one of claims 8 to 10, wherein said matrix contains said constellation adjustment parameters as columns.

12. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein the one or more physical resource elements are determined to be mutually orthogonal when received at the receiving node.

13. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein the one or more physical resource elements are determined to be mutually orthogonal in frequency and / or time and / or polarization and / or code domain.

14. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 13, wherein determining the physical resource elements for the modulation element based on N (S104) comprises determining consecutive physical resource elements for the modulation element based on N (S104A).

15. The method of any one of claims 1 to 14, wherein determining the physical resource elements for the modulation element based on N (S104) comprises interleaving the physical resource elements for the modulation element (S104B).

16. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 15, wherein the method comprises transmitting (S102) control signaling to the receiving node indicating said mapping.

17. The method of claim 16 , wherein the control signaling includes capability signaling indicating the mapping.

18. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 17, said method comprising receiving (S101) information from the receiving node indicative of the mapping to apply at the transmitting node.

19. A method according to any one of claims 16 to 18, wherein control signalling comprises a request to the receiving node to activate a mapping, the method comprising receiving a response from the receiving node.

20. The method according to any one of claims 16 to 19, wherein control signaling indicates said constellation adjustment parameters.

21. 1. A method performed by a receiving node for receiving N+1 bits, said method comprising: Receiving a signal from a transmitting node using a physical resource element (S204); Obtaining a parameter indicative of a likelihood that the N+1 bit is 0 or 1 based on the signal and an N-dimensional adjustable constellation (S206); the N-dimensional adjustable constellation is derived using a constellation adjustment parameter; and providing the parameters to a decoder (S208).

22. The method of claim 21 , wherein the constellation adjustment parameters are configured to obtain a target transmission rate.

23. 23. The method of claim 21 or 22, wherein the constellation adjustment parameter is a predefined parameter known to the receiving node and the transmitting node.

24. 23. The method of claim 21 or 22, wherein the method comprises receiving (S202) control signaling from the transmitting node indicating the N-dimensional adjustable constellation.

25. 25. The method of claim 24, wherein the control signaling includes capability signaling indicating the N-dimensional tunable constellation.

26. 26. The method of any one of claims 21 to 25, wherein the method comprises transmitting (S201) information to the transmitting node indicative of a mapping to apply at the transmitting node using the N-dimensional adjustable constellation.

27. A method according to any one of claims 24 to 26, wherein control signalling comprises a request from the transmitting node to activate a mapping, the method comprising transmitting a response to the transmitting node.

28. The method according to any one of claims 24 to 27, wherein control signaling indicates said constellation adjustment parameters.

29. A transmitting node comprising a memory circuit, a processor circuit and a wireless interface, said transmitting node being configured to perform any of the methods according to any one of claims 1 to 20.

30. A receiving node comprising a memory circuit, a processor circuit and a wireless interface, said receiving node being configured to perform any of the methods according to any one of claims 21 to 28.

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