REFRIGERANT COMPOSITIONS COMPRISING R-32, R-134a, AND CF3I

Abstract

To provide refrigerants characterized by no ozone depletion potential (ODP) and low impact on global warming.SOLUTION: The present application provides: compositions comprising about 44 wt.% of difluoromethane (R-32), about 29 wt.% of 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (R-134a), and about 27 wt.% of trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I); methods of using the compositions; and air conditioning systems, heat pump systems and refrigeration systems employing the compositions.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] This application relates to compositions comprising difluoromethane (R-32), 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (R-134a), and trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I) for use in refrigeration, air conditioning, or heat pump systems. The compositions of the invention are useful in methods of producing cooling and heating, and in methods of replacing refrigerants, and in refrigeration, air conditioning, and heat pump devices. [Background technology]

[0002] Many currently commercially available refrigerants contribute to ozone depletion and / or global warming. The use of many such compounds has come under scrutiny by environmental regulatory agencies, and many refrigerant components (e.g., chlorofluorocarbons, CFCs) are scheduled for eventual phase-out. Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0003] Thus, there is a need for refrigerants that are characterized by no ozone depletion potential (ODP) and a low global warming impact. The present application addresses this and other needs. [Means for solving the problem]

[0004] The present application provides, inter alia, compositions comprising difluoromethane (R-32), 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (R-134a), and trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I).

[0005] The present application further provides a process for producing cooling comprising condensing a composition provided herein and then evaporating the composition in the vicinity of a body to be cooled.

[0006] The present application further provides a process for producing heating comprising evaporating a composition provided herein and then condensing the composition in the vicinity of a body to be heated.

[0007] The present application further provides a method of replacing a refrigerant selected from the group consisting of R-410A, R-22, and R-134a (i.e., an in-use refrigerant) in a refrigeration, air conditioning, or heat pump system, comprising providing a composition provided herein as a replacement for the R-410A, R-22, or R-134a.

[0008] The present application further provides air conditioning systems, heat pump systems, and refrigeration systems comprising the compositions provided herein.

[0009] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by those skilled in the art to which this invention belongs. Methods and materials for use in the present invention are described herein, and other suitable methods and materials known in the art may be used. The materials, methods, and examples are merely illustrative and are not intended to be limiting. All publications, patent applications, patents, sequences, database entries, and other references mentioned herein are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety. In case of conflict, the present specification, including definitions, will control. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0010] [Figure 1] 1 shows a contour plot illustrating exemplary compositions of the present invention that may be useful as refrigerant compositions to replace R-410A. [Diagram 2] 1 shows a contour plot illustrating exemplary compositions of the present invention that may be useful as refrigerant compositions to replace R-410A. [Diagram 3]1 shows a contour plot illustrating exemplary compositions of the present invention that may be useful as refrigerant compositions to replace R-410A. [Figure 4] 1 shows a contour plot illustrating exemplary compositions of the present invention that may be useful as refrigerant compositions to replace R-22. [Diagram 5] 1 shows a contour plot illustrating exemplary compositions of the present invention that may be useful as refrigerant compositions to replace R-22. [Figure 6] 1 shows a contour plot illustrating exemplary compositions of the present invention that may be useful as refrigerant compositions to replace R-134a. [Figure 7] 1 shows a contour plot illustrating exemplary compositions of the present invention that may be useful as refrigerant compositions to replace R-134a. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0011] The present application provides compositions (e.g., heat transfer compositions and / or refrigerant compositions) comprising difluoromethane (R-32), 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (R-134a), and trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I). The compositions provided herein can be useful, for example, in refrigerant and / or heat transfer applications previously served by current refrigerant compounds (e.g., CFCs, HFCs, etc.). In some embodiments, the compositions provided herein are non-flammable.

[0012] In some embodiments, the composition consists essentially of difluoromethane (R-32), 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (R-134a), and trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I) (e.g., consists of difluoromethane (R-32), 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (R-134a), and trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I) and one or more additional components described herein, which do not substantially affect the basic and novel property(s) of the composition). In some embodiments, the composition consists of difluoromethane (R-32), 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (R-134a), and trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I).

[0013] Definitions and Abbreviations As used herein, the terms "comprises," "comprising," "includes," "including," "has," "having," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions. For example, a process, method, article, or apparatus that includes a list of elements is not necessarily limited to those elements, but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Furthermore, unless expressly stated to the contrary, "or" refers to an inclusive "or" and not an exclusive "or." For example, a condition A or B is satisfied by any one of the following: A is true (or present) and B is false (or absent), A is false (or absent) and B is true (or present), and both A and B are true (or present).

[0014] As used herein, the term "consisting essentially of" is used to define compositions, methods that include materials, steps, features, ingredients, or elements in addition to those literally disclosed, provided that these additionally included materials, steps, features, components, or elements do not substantially affect the basic and novel characteristic(s) of the claimed invention, particularly the mechanism of action for achieving any desired result of the inventive process. The terms "consists essentially of" or "consisting essentially of" take a middle ground between "comprising" and "consisting of."

[0015] Additionally, the use of "a" or "an" is used to describe elements and components described herein. This is done merely for convenience and to give a general sense of the scope of the invention. This description should be interpreted to include one or at least one, and the singular also includes the plural unless it is clear that a different meaning is intended.

[0016] As used herein, the term "about" is meant to account for variations due to experimental error (e.g., plus or minus about 10% of the indicated value). All measurements reported herein are understood to be modified by the term "about," unless otherwise indicated, regardless of whether the term "about" is explicitly used.

[0017] When an amount, concentration, or other value or parameter is given as either a range, a preferred range, or a list of upper and / or lower preferred values, these are to be understood as specifically disclosing all ranges formed from any pair of any upper range limit or preferred value and any lower range limit or preferred value, whether or not the ranges are separately disclosed. When a numerical range is described herein, unless otherwise indicated, the range is intended to include its endpoints, and to include all integers and fractions within the range.

[0018] Global warming potential (GWP) is an index for estimating the relative global warming contribution due to the atmospheric emission of one kilogram of a particular greenhouse gas compared to the emission of one kilogram of carbon dioxide. GWP can be calculated for various time horizons and indicates the impact of a given gas over its atmospheric lifetime. GWP for a 100-year time horizon is the value usually referenced.

[0019] As used herein, the term "ozone depletion potential (ODP)" is defined in Section 1.4.4, pages 1.28-1.31 of The Scientific Assessment of Ozone Depletion, 2002, A report of the World Meteorological Association's Global Ozone Research and Monitoring Project (see the first paragraph of this section). ODP represents the expected degree of stratospheric ozone depletion from a compound on a mass-by-mass basis relative to fluorotrichloromethane (CFC-11).

[0020] Refrigeration capacity (sometimes referred to as cooling capacity) is a term that defines the change in enthalpy of a refrigerant or working fluid in an evaporator per unit mass of circulating refrigerant or working fluid. Volumetric cooling capacity refers to the amount of heat removed by the refrigerant or working fluid in the evaporator per unit volume of refrigerant vapor leaving the evaporator. Refrigeration capacity is a measure of the ability of a refrigerant, working fluid, or heat transfer composition to produce cooling. Thus, the higher the volumetric cooling capacity of a working fluid, the higher the cooling rate that can be obtained in the evaporator at the maximum volumetric flow rate achievable with a given compressor. Cooling rate refers to the heat removed per unit time by the refrigerant in the evaporator.

[0021] Similarly, volumetric heating capacity is a term that defines the amount of heat provided by the refrigerant or working fluid in the condenser per unit volume of refrigerant or working fluid vapor entering the compressor. The higher the volumetric heating capacity of the refrigerant or working fluid, the greater the heating rate that can be obtained in the condenser at the maximum volumetric flow rate achievable with a given compressor.

[0022] The coefficient of performance (COP) is the amount of heat removed in the evaporator divided by the energy required to run the compressor. The higher the COP, the more energy efficient. COP is directly related to the energy efficiency ratio (EER), an efficiency rating for a refrigeration or air conditioning unit at a particular set of internal and external temperatures.

[0023] As used herein, a heat transfer medium includes compositions used to carry heat from a heat source to a heat sink, such as from the object to be cooled to a chiller evaporator, or from a chiller condenser to a cooling tower, or other structure where heat can be released to the surroundings.

[0024] As used herein, a working fluid or refrigerant includes a compound or mixture of compounds (e.g., the compositions provided herein) that function to transfer heat in a cycle, where the working fluid undergoes a phase change from liquid to gas and back to liquid in repeated cycles.

[0025] Subcooling is the reduction of a liquid to a temperature below the saturation point of that liquid at a given pressure. The saturation point is the temperature at which a vapor composition is completely condensed into a liquid (also called the bubble point). However, subcooling continues to cool the liquid to a cooler liquid at a given pressure. Cooling a liquid to a temperature below its saturation temperature can increase the net refrigeration capacity. Subcooling thereby increases the refrigeration capacity and energy efficiency of the system. The amount of subcooling is the amount of cooling (in degrees) below the saturation temperature, or how far below its saturation temperature a liquid composition is cooled.

[0026] The term "superheat" defines how much a vapor composition is heated above its saturated vapor temperature, which is the temperature at which liquid droplets first form when the vapor composition is cooled, also called the "dew point."

[0027] Chemicals, Abbreviations, and Acronyms CFCs: Chlorofluorocarbons HFC: Hydrofluorocarbon HCFC: Hydrochlorofluorocarbons HFO: Hydrofluoroolefin R-134a: 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane R-22: Chlorodifluoromethane R-32: Difluoromethane R-410A: A mixture of 50% difluoromethane (R-32) and 50% pentafluoroethane (R-125) CAP: Cooling (or heating) capacity COP: Coefficient of performance GWP: Global Warming Potential ODP: Ozone Depletion Potential

[0028] Exemplary Compositions for Replacing R-410A In some embodiments, the compositions provided herein are useful as replacements for R-410A in heat transfer systems (e.g., refrigerant systems) and methods described herein.

[0029] In some embodiments, the composition comprises about 30 to about 50 weight percent difluoromethane (R-32), e.g., about 30 to about 45, about 30 to about 40, about 40 to about 50, about 40 to about 45, or about 45 to about 50 weight percent difluoromethane.

[0030] In some embodiments, the composition comprises about 34 to about 46 weight percent difluoromethane (R-32). In some embodiments, the composition comprises about 36 to about 46 weight percent difluoromethane (R-32). In some embodiments, the composition comprises about 35 to about 44 weight percent difluoromethane (R-32). In some embodiments, the composition comprises about 34 to about 42 weight percent difluoromethane (R-32).

[0031] In some embodiments, the composition comprises about 1 to about 30 weight percent 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (R-134a), e.g., about 1 to about 25, about 1 to about 20, about 1 to about 15, about 1 to about 10, about 1 to about 5, about 5 to about 30, about 5 to about 25, about 5 to about 20, about 5 to about 15, about 5 to about 10, about 10 to about 30, about 10 to about 25, about 10 to about 20, about 10 to about 15, about 15 to about 30, about 15 to about 25, about 15 to about 20, about 20 to about 30, about 20 to about 25, or about 25 to about 30 weight percent 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (R-134a).

[0032] In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 1 to about 29 weight percent 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (R-134a). In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 5 to about 29 weight percent 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (R-134a). In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 1 to about 9 weight percent 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (R-134a). In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 1 to about 4 weight percent 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (R-134a).

[0033] In some embodiments, the composition comprises about 25 to about 70 weight percent trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I), e.g., about 25 to about 60, about 25 to about 50, about 25 to about 40, about 25 to about 30, about 30 to about 70, about 30 to about 60, about 30 to about 50, about 30 to about 40, about 40 to about 70, about 40 to about 60, about 40 to about 50, about 50 to about 70, about 50 to about 60, or about 60 to about 70 weight percent trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I).

[0034] In some embodiments, the composition comprises about 27 to about 65 weight percent trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I). In some embodiments, the composition comprises about 27 to about 54 weight percent trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I). In some embodiments, the composition comprises about 51 to about 60 weight percent trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I). In some embodiments, the composition comprises about 57 to about 65 weight percent trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I).

[0035] In some embodiments, the composition comprises: about 33 to about 46 weight percent difluoromethane (R-32); about 1 to about 29 weight percent 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (R-134a); and about 27 to about 67 weight percent trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I).

[0036] In some embodiments, the composition comprises: about 33 to about 46 weight percent difluoromethane (R-32); about 1 to about 17 weight percent 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (R-134a); and about 41 to about 67 weight percent trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I).

[0037] In some embodiments, the composition comprises: about 33 to about 43 weight percent difluoromethane (R-32); about 1 to about 4 weight percent 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (R-134a); and about 57 to about 67 weight percent trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I).

[0038] In some embodiments, the composition comprises: about 34 to about 46 weight percent difluoromethane (R-32); about 1 to about 29 weight percent 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (R-134a); and about 27 to about 65 weight percent trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I).

[0039] In some embodiments, the composition comprises: about 36 to about 46 weight percent difluoromethane (R-32); about 5 to about 29 weight percent 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (R-134a); and about 27 to about 54 weight percent trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I).

[0040] In some embodiments, the composition comprises: about 35 to about 44 weight percent difluoromethane (R-32); about 1 to about 9 weight percent 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (R-134a); and about 51 to about 60 weight percent trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I).

[0041] In some embodiments, the composition comprises: about 34 to about 42 weight percent difluoromethane (R-32); about 1 to about 4 weight percent 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (R-134a); and about 57 to about 65 weight percent trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I).

[0042] In some embodiments, the composition comprises: about 39 to about 49 weight percent difluoromethane (R-32); about 24 to about 34 weight percent 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (R-134a); and about 22 to about 32 weight percent trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I).

[0043] In some embodiments, the composition comprises: about 43 to about 45 weight percent difluoromethane (R-32); about 28 to about 30 weight percent 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (R-134a); and about 26 to about 28 weight percent trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I).

[0044] In some embodiments, the composition comprises: about 44 weight percent difluoromethane (R-32); about 29 weight percent 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (R-134a); and about 27 weight percent trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I).

[0045] In some embodiments, the composition comprises: about 40 to about 50 weight percent difluoromethane (R-32); about 1 to about 10 weight percent 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (R-134a); and about 45 to about 55 weight percent trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I).

[0046] In some embodiments, the composition comprises: about 44 to about 46 weight percent difluoromethane (R-32); about 4 to about 6 weight percent 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (R-134a); and about 49 to about 51 weight percent trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I).

[0047] In some embodiments, the composition comprises: about 45 weight percent difluoromethane (R-32); about 5 weight percent of 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (R-134a); and about 50 weight percent trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I).

[0048] In some embodiments, the composition comprises: about 35 to about 45 weight percent difluoromethane (R-32); about 1 to about 7 weight percent 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (R-134a); and about 53 to about 63 weight percent trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I).

[0049] In some embodiments, the composition comprises: about 39 to about 41 weight percent difluoromethane (R-32); about 1 to about 3 weight percent 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (R-134a); and about 57 to about 59 weight percent trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I).

[0050] In some embodiments, the composition comprises: about 40 weight percent difluoromethane (R-32); about 2 weight percent of 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (R-134a); and about 58 weight percent trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I).

[0051] In some embodiments, the compositions provided herein exhibit a GWP of less than about 750, e.g., less than about 700, less than about 600, less than about 500, less than about 400, less than about 300, less than about 250, less than about 200, less than about 100, less than about 50, or less than about 10. In some embodiments, the compositions provided herein exhibit a GWP of less than about 300. In some embodiments, the compositions provided herein exhibit a GWP of less than about 250.

[0052] In some embodiments, the compositions provided herein have a saturation rate of about 200 to about 750, e.g., about 200 to about 700, about 200 to about 600, about 200 to about 500, about 200 to about 400, about 200 to about 350, about 200 to about 300, about 200 to about 250, about 250 to about 750, about 250 to about 700, about 250 to about 600, about 250 to about 500, about 250 to about 400, about 250 to about 350, about 250 to about 300, about 300 to about 750, about 300 to about 700 , about 300 to about 600, about 300 to about 500, about 300 to about 400, about 300 to about 350, about 350 to about 750, about 350 to about 700, about 350 to about 600, about 350 to about 500, about 350 to about 400, about 400 to about 750, about 400 to about 700, about 400 to about 600, about 400 to about 500, about 500 to about 750, about 500 to about 700, about 500 to about 600, about 600 to about 750, about 600 to about 700, or about 650 to about 750.

[0053] In some embodiments, the compositions provided herein exhibit a GWP of about 250 to about 750. In some embodiments, the compositions provided herein exhibit a GWP of about 300 to about 375. In some embodiments, the compositions provided herein exhibit a GWP of about 300 to about 350. In some embodiments, the compositions provided herein exhibit a GWP of about 250 to about 350. In some embodiments, the compositions provided herein exhibit a GWP of about 250 to about 300.

[0054] In some embodiments, the composition is selected from the group of compositions provided in Table 1A. In some embodiments, the composition is selected from the group of compositions provided in Table 1A having a GWP of about 300 to about 360. In some embodiments, the composition is selected from the group of compositions provided in Table 1A having a GWP of about 300 to about 350. In some embodiments, the composition is selected from the group of compositions provided in Table 1A having a GWP of about 300 to about 340. In some embodiments, the composition is selected from the group of compositions provided in Table 1A having a GWP of about 300 to about 330. In some embodiments, the composition is selected from the group of compositions provided in Table 1A having a GWP of about 300 to about 325.

[0055] In some embodiments, the composition is selected from the group of compositions provided in Table 1B. In some embodiments, the composition is selected from the group of compositions provided in Table 1B having a GWP of about 244 to about 292. In some embodiments, the composition is selected from the group of compositions provided in Table 1B having a GWP of about 244 to about 280. In some embodiments, the composition is selected from the group of compositions provided in Table 1B having a GWP of about 244 to about 273. In some embodiments, the composition is selected from the group of compositions provided in Table 1B having a GWP of about 244 to about 265. In some embodiments, the composition is selected from the group of compositions provided in Table 1B having a GWP of about 244 to about 259.

[0056] Exemplary Compositions for Replacing R-22 In some embodiments, the compositions provided herein are useful as replacements for R-22 in heat transfer systems (e.g., refrigerant systems) and methods described herein.

[0057] In some embodiments, the composition comprises about 5 to about 40 weight percent difluoromethane (R-32), for example, about 5 to 30, about 5 to 20, about 5 to 10, about 10 to 40, about 10 to 30, about 10 to 20, about 20 to 40, about 20 to 30, or about 30 to 40 weight percent difluoromethane (R-32).

[0058] In some embodiments, the composition comprises about 9 to about 40 weight percent difluoromethane (R-32). In some embodiments, the composition comprises about 9 to about 36 weight percent difluoromethane (R-32). In some embodiments, the composition comprises about 9 to about 29 weight percent difluoromethane (R-32). In some embodiments, the composition comprises about 9 to about 28 weight percent difluoromethane (R-32). In some embodiments, the composition comprises about 9 to about 27 weight percent difluoromethane (R-32). In some embodiments, the composition comprises about 9 to about 19 weight percent difluoromethane (R-32). In some embodiments, the composition comprises about 9 to about 12 weight percent difluoromethane (R-32).

[0059] In some embodiments, the composition comprises about 1 to about 85 weight percent 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (R-134a), e.g., about 1 to about 75, about 1 to about 65, about 1 to about 55, about 1 to about 45, about 1 to about 35, about 1 to about 25, about 1 to about 15, about 15 to about 85, about 15 to about 75, about 15 to about 65, about 15 to about 55, about 15 to about 45, about 15 to about 35, about 15 to about 25, about 25 to about 85, about 25 to about 7 ... about 65, about 25 to about 55, about 25 to about 45, about 25 to about 35, about 35 to about 85, about 35 to about 75, about 35 to about 65, about 35 to about 55, about 35 to about 45, about 45 to about 85, about 45 to about 75, about 45 to about 65, about 45 to about 55, about 55 to about 85, about 55 to about 75, about 55 to about 65, about 65 to about 85, about 65 to about 75, or about 75 to about 85 weight percent 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (R-134a).

[0060] In some embodiments, the composition comprises about 1 to about 82 weight percent of 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (R-134a). In some embodiments, the composition comprises about 9 to about 36 weight percent of 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (R-134a). In some embodiments, the composition comprises about 9 to about 29 weight percent of 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (R-134a). In some embodiments, the composition comprises about 1 to about 16 weight percent of 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (R-134a). In some embodiments, the composition comprises about 1 to about 9 weight percent of 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (R-134a). In some embodiments, the composition comprises about 1 to about 6 weight percent of 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (R-134a). In some embodiments, the composition comprises about 1 to about 2 weight percent 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (R-134a).

[0061] In some embodiments, the composition comprises about 1 to about 90 weight percent trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I), e.g., about 1 to about 80, about 1 to about 70, about 1 to about 60, about 1 to about 50, about 1 to about 40, about 1 to about 30, about 1 to about 20, about 1 to about 10, about 10 to about 90, about 10 to about 80, about 10 to about 70, about 10 to about 60, about 10 to about 50, about 10 to about 40, about 10 to about 30, about 10 to about 20, about 20 to about 90, about 20 to about 80, about 20 to about 70, about 20 to about 60, about 20 to about 5 0, about 20 to about 40, about 20 to about 30, about 30 to about 90, about 30 to about 80, about 30 to about 70, about 30 to about 60, about 30 to about 50, about 30 to about 40, about 40 to about 90, about 40 to about 80, about 40 to about 70, about 40 to about 60, about 40 to about 50, about 50 to about 90, about 50 to about 80, about 50 to about 70, about 50 to about 60, about 60 to about 90, about 60 to about 80, about 60 to about 70, about 70 to about 90, about 70 to about 80, or about 80 to about 90 weight percent trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I).

[0062] In some embodiments, the composition comprises about 29 to about 69 weight percent trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I). In some embodiments, the composition comprises about 59 to about 74 weight percent trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I). In some embodiments, the composition comprises about 65 to about 90 weight percent trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I). In some embodiments, the composition comprises about 72 to about 90 weight percent trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I). In some embodiments, the composition comprises about 80 to about 90 weight percent trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I). In some embodiments, the composition comprises about 87 to about 90 weight percent trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I).

[0063] In some embodiments, the composition comprises: about 9 to about 36 weight percent difluoromethane (R-32); about 1 to about 47 weight percent 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (R-134a); and about 29 to about 90 weight percent trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I).

[0064] In some embodiments, the composition comprises: about 9 to about 31 weight percent difluoromethane (R-32); about 1 to about 30 weight percent 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (R-134a); and about 49 to about 90 weight percent trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I).

[0065] In some embodiments, the composition comprises: about 9 to about 28 weight percent difluoromethane (R-32); about 1 to about 47 weight percent 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (R-134a); and about 49 to about 90 weight percent trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I).

[0066] In some embodiments, the composition comprises: about 9 to about 40 weight percent difluoromethane (R-32); about 1 to about 82 weight percent 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (R-134a); and about 1 to about 90 weight percent trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I).

[0067] In some embodiments, the composition comprises: about 9 to about 36 weight percent difluoromethane (R-32); about 9 to about 36 weight percent 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (R-134a); and about 29 to about 69 weight percent trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I).

[0068] In some embodiments, the composition comprises: about 9 to about 29 weight percent difluoromethane (R-32); about 9 to about 29 weight percent 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (R-134a); and about 59 to about 74 weight percent trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I).

[0069] In some embodiments, the composition comprises: about 9 to about 28 weight percent difluoromethane (R-32); about 1 to about 16 weight percent 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (R-134a); and about 65 to about 90 weight percent trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I).

[0070] In some embodiments, the composition comprises: about 9 to about 27 weight percent difluoromethane (R-32); about 1 to about 9 weight percent 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (R-134a); and about 72 to about 90 weight percent trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I).

[0071] In some embodiments, the composition comprises: about 9 to about 19 weight percent difluoromethane (R-32); about 1 to about 6 weight percent 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (R-134a); and about 80 to about 90 weight percent trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I).

[0072] In some embodiments, the composition comprises: about 9 to about 12 weight percent difluoromethane (R-32); about 1 to about 2 weight percent 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (R-134a); and about 87 to about 90 weight percent trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I).

[0073] In some embodiments, the composition comprises: about 17 to about 27 weight percent difluoromethane (R-32); about 37 to about 47 weight percent 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (R-134a); and about 31 to about 41 weight percent trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I).

[0074] In some embodiments, the composition comprises: about 21 to about 23 weight percent difluoromethane (R-32); about 41 to about 43 weight percent 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (R-134a); and about 35 to about 37 weight percent trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I).

[0075] In some embodiments, the composition comprises: about 22 weight percent difluoromethane (R-32); about 42 weight percent 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (R-134a); and about 36 weight percent trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I).

[0076] In some embodiments, the composition comprises: about 19 to about 29 weight percent difluoromethane (R-32); about 27 to about 37 weight percent 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (R-134a); and about 39 to about 49 weight percent trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I).

[0077] In some embodiments, the composition comprises: about 23 to about 25 weight percent difluoromethane (R-32); about 31 to about 33 weight percent 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (R-134a); and about 43 to about 45 weight percent trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I).

[0078] In some embodiments, the composition comprises: about 24 weight percent difluoromethane (R-32); about 32 weight percent 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (R-134a); and about 44 weight percent trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I).

[0079] In some embodiments, the composition comprises: about 15 to about 25 weight percent difluoromethane (R-32); about 20 to about 30 weight percent 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (R-134a); and about 50 to about 60 weight percent trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I).

[0080] In some embodiments, the composition comprises: about 19 to about 21 weight percent difluoromethane (R-32); about 24 to about 26 weight percent 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (R-134a); and about 54 to about 56 weight percent trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I).

[0081] In some embodiments, the composition comprises: about 20 weight percent difluoromethane (R-32); about 25 weight percent 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (R-134a); and about 55 weight percent trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I).

[0082] In some embodiments, the composition comprises: about 18 to about 28 weight percent difluoromethane (R-32); about 12 to about 22 weight percent 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (R-134a); and about 55 to about 65 weight percent trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I).

[0083] In some embodiments, the composition comprises: about 22 to about 24 weight percent difluoromethane (R-32); about 16 to about 18 weight percent 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (R-134a); and about 59 to about 61 weight percent trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I).

[0084] In some embodiments, the composition comprises: about 23 weight percent difluoromethane (R-32); about 17 weight percent 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (R-134a); and about 60 weight percent trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I).

[0085] In some embodiments, the composition comprises: about 15 to about 25 weight percent difluoromethane (R-32); about 6 to about 16 weight percent 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (R-134a); and about 64 to about 74 weight percent trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I).

[0086] In some embodiments, the composition comprises: about 19 to about 21 weight percent difluoromethane (R-32); about 10 to about 12 weight percent 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (R-134a); and about 68 to about 70 weight percent trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I).

[0087] In some embodiments, the composition comprises: about 20 weight percent difluoromethane (R-32); about 11 weight percent 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (R-134a); and about 69 weight percent trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I).

[0088] In some embodiments, the composition comprises: about 20 to about 30 weight percent difluoromethane (R-32); about 4 to about 14 weight percent 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (R-134a); and about 61 to about 71 weight percent trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I).

[0089] In some embodiments, the composition comprises: about 24 to about 26 weight percent difluoromethane (R-32); about 8 to about 10 weight percent 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (R-134a); and about 65 to about 67 weight percent trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I).

[0090] In some embodiments, the composition comprises: about 25 weight percent difluoromethane (R-32); about 9 weight percent 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (R-134a); and about 66 weight percent trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I).

[0091] In some embodiments, the compositions provided herein exhibit a GWP of less than about 750, e.g., less than about 700, less than about 600, less than about 500, less than about 400, less than about 300, less than about 250, less than about 200, less than about 100, less than about 50, or less than about 10. In some embodiments, the compositions provided herein exhibit a GWP of less than about 300. In some embodiments, the compositions provided herein exhibit a GWP of less than about 250. In some embodiments, the compositions provided herein exhibit a GWP of less than about 200. In some embodiments, the compositions provided herein exhibit a GWP of less than about 150. In some embodiments, the compositions provided herein exhibit a GWP of less than about 100.

[0092] In some embodiments, the compositions provided herein have a saturation rate of about 200 to about 750, e.g., about 200 to about 700, about 200 to about 600, about 200 to about 500, about 200 to about 400, about 200 to about 350, about 200 to about 300, about 200 to about 250, about 250 to about 750, about 250 to about 700, about 250 to about 600, about 250 to about 500, about 250 to about 400, about 250 to about 350, about 250 to about 300, about 300 to about 750, about 300 to about 700 , about 300 to about 600, about 300 to about 500, about 300 to about 400, about 300 to about 350, about 350 to about 750, about 350 to about 700, about 350 to about 600, about 350 to about 500, about 350 to about 400, about 400 to about 750, about 400 to about 700, about 400 to about 600, about 400 to about 500, about 500 to about 750, about 500 to about 700, about 500 to about 600, about 600 to about 750, about 600 to about 700, or about 650 to about 750.

[0093] In some embodiments, the compositions provided herein exhibit a GWP of about 50 to about 750. In some embodiments, the compositions provided herein exhibit a GWP of about 100 to about 750. In some embodiments, the compositions provided herein exhibit a GWP of about 150 to about 750. In some embodiments, the compositions provided herein exhibit a GWP of about 200 to about 750. In some embodiments, the compositions provided herein exhibit a GWP of about 250 to about 750. In some embodiments, the compositions provided herein exhibit a GWP of about 300 to about 375. In some embodiments, the compositions provided herein exhibit a GWP of about 300 to about 350. In some embodiments, the compositions provided herein exhibit a GWP of about 250 to about 350. In some embodiments, the compositions provided herein exhibit a GWP of about 250 to about 300.

[0094] In some embodiments, the compositions provided herein exhibit a GWP of about 100 to about 300. In some embodiments, the compositions provided herein exhibit a GWP of about 100 to about 250. In some embodiments, the compositions provided herein exhibit a GWP of about 100 to about 200. In some embodiments, the compositions provided herein exhibit a GWP of about 150 to about 200.

[0095] In some embodiments, the composition is selected from the group of compositions provided in Table 2A. In some embodiments, the composition is selected from the group of compositions provided in Table 2A having a GWP of about 750 to about 1000. In some embodiments, the composition is selected from the group of compositions provided in Table 2A having a GWP of about 750 to about 800.

[0096] In some embodiments, the composition is selected from the group of compositions provided in Table 2B. In some embodiments, the composition is selected from the group of compositions provided in Table 2B having a GWP of about 300 to about 500. In some embodiments, the composition is selected from the group of compositions provided in Table 2B having a GWP of about 300 to about 400. In some embodiments, the composition is selected from the group of compositions provided in Table 2B having a GWP of about 300 to about 375. In some embodiments, the composition is selected from the group of compositions provided in Table 2B having a GWP of about 300 to about 360. In some embodiments, the composition is selected from the group of compositions provided in Table 2B having a GWP of about 300 to about 350. In some embodiments, the composition is selected from the group of compositions provided in Table 2B having a GWP of about 300 to about 340. In some embodiments, the composition is selected from the group of compositions provided in Table 2B having a GWP of about 300 to about 330. In some embodiments, the composition is selected from the group of compositions provided in Table 2B having a GWP of about 300 to about 325. In some embodiments, the composition is selected from the group of compositions provided in Table 2B having a GWP of about 300 to about 320.

[0097] In some embodiments, the composition is selected from the group of compositions provided in Table 2C. In some embodiments, the composition is selected from the group of compositions provided in Table 2C having a GWP of about 76 to about 290. In some embodiments, the composition is selected from the group of compositions provided in Table 2C having a GWP of about 76 to about 275. In some embodiments, the composition is selected from the group of compositions provided in Table 2C having a GWP of about 76 to about 250. In some embodiments, the composition is selected from the group of compositions provided in Table 2C having a GWP of about 76 to about 225. In some embodiments, the composition is selected from the group of compositions provided in Table 2C having a GWP of about 76 to about 200. In some embodiments, the composition is selected from the group of compositions provided in Table 2C having a GWP of about 76 to about 175. In some embodiments, the composition is selected from the group of compositions provided in Table 2C having a GWP of about 76 to about 150. In some embodiments, the composition is selected from the group of compositions provided in Table 2C having a GWP of about 76 to about 125. In some embodiments, the composition is selected from the group of compositions provided in Table 2C having a GWP of about 76 to about 97.

[0098] Exemplary Compositions for Replacing R-134a In some embodiments, the compositions provided herein are useful as replacements for R-134a in heat transfer systems (e.g., refrigerant systems) and methods described herein.

[0099] In some embodiments, the composition comprises about 1 to about 10 weight percent difluoromethane (R-32), e.g., about 1 to about 8, about 1 to about 6, about 1 to about 4, about 1 to about 2, about 2 to about 10, about 2 to about 8, about 2 to about 6, about 2 to about 4, about 4 to about 10, about 4 to about 8, about 4 to about 6, about 6 to about 10, about 6 to about 8, or about 8 to about 10 weight percent difluoromethane (R-32).

[0100] In some embodiments, the composition comprises about 1 to about 7 weight percent difluoromethane (R-32). In some embodiments, the composition comprises about 1 to about 4 weight percent difluoromethane (R-32). In some embodiments, the composition comprises about 1 to about 5 weight percent difluoromethane (R-32). In some embodiments, the composition comprises about 1 to about 5 weight percent difluoromethane (R-32).

[0101] In some embodiments, the composition comprises from about 1 to about 99 weight percent 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (R-134a), e.g., from about 1 to about 90, from about 1 to about 75, from about 1 to about 50, from about 1 to about 25, from about 1 to about 10, from about 10 to about 99, from about 10 to about 90, from about 10 to about 75, from about 10 to about 50, from about 10 to about 25, from about 25 to about 99, from about 25 to about 90, from about 25 to about 75, from about 25 to about 50, from about 50 to about 99, from about 50 to about 90, from about 50 to about 75, from about 75 to about 99, from about 75 to about 90, or from about 90 to about 99 weight percent 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (R-134a).

[0102] In some embodiments, the composition comprises about 1 to about 98 weight percent of 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (R-134a). In some embodiments, the composition comprises about 25 to about 51 weight percent of 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (R-134a). In some embodiments, the composition comprises about 20 to about 25 weight percent of 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (R-134a). In some embodiments, the composition comprises about 1 to about 20 weight percent of 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (R-134a). In some embodiments, the composition comprises about 1 to about 13 weight percent of 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (R-134a). In some embodiments, the composition comprises about 1 to about 9 weight percent of 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (R-134a). In some embodiments, the composition comprises about 1 to about 6 weight percent 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (R-134a).

[0103] In some embodiments, the composition comprises about 1 to about 99 weight percent trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I), e.g., about 1 to about 90, about 1 to about 75, about 1 to about 50, about 1 to about 25, about 1 to about 10, about 10 to about 99, about 10 to about 90, about 10 to about 75, about 10 to about 50, about 10 to about 25, about 25 to about 99, about 25 to about 90, about 25 to about 75, about 25 to about 50, about 50 to about 99, about 50 to about 90, about 50 to about 75, about 75 to about 99, about 75 to about 90, or about 90 to about 99 weight percent trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I).

[0104] In some embodiments, the composition comprises about 1 to about 98 weight percent trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I). In some embodiments, the composition comprises about 47 to about 73 weight percent trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I). In some embodiments, the composition comprises about 72 to about 78 weight percent trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I). In some embodiments, the composition comprises about 77 to about 98 weight percent trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I). In some embodiments, the composition comprises about 84 to about 98 weight percent trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I). In some embodiments, the composition comprises about 88 to about 98 weight percent trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I). In some embodiments, the composition comprises about 91 to about 98 weight percent trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I).

[0105] In some embodiments, the composition comprises: about 1 to about 4 weight percent difluoromethane (R-32); about 1 to about 51 weight percent 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (R-134a); and about 46 to about 98 weight percent trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I).

[0106] In some embodiments, the composition comprises: about 1 to about 4 weight percent difluoromethane (R-32); about 1 to about 34 weight percent 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (R-134a); and about 64 to about 98 weight percent trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I).

[0107] In some embodiments, the composition comprises: about 1 to about 4 weight percent difluoromethane (R-32); about 1 to about 20 weight percent 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (R-134a); and about 77 to about 98 weight percent trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I).

[0108] In some embodiments, the composition comprises: about 1 weight percent difluoromethane (R-32); about 1 to about 9 weight percent 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (R-134a); and about 90 to about 98 weight percent trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I).

[0109] In some embodiments, the composition comprises: about 1 to about 7 weight percent difluoromethane (R-32); about 1 to about 98 weight percent 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (R-134a); and about 1 to about 98 weight percent trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I).

[0110] In some embodiments, the composition comprises: about 1 to about 4 weight percent difluoromethane (R-32); about 25 to about 51 weight percent 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (R-134a); and about 47 to about 73 weight percent trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I).

[0111] In some embodiments, the composition comprises: about 1 to about 4 weight percent difluoromethane (R-32); about 20 to about 25 weight percent 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (R-134a); and about 72 to about 78 weight percent trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I).

[0112] In some embodiments, the composition comprises: about 1 to about 5 weight percent difluoromethane (R-32); about 1 to about 20 weight percent 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (R-134a); and about 77 to about 98 weight percent trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I).

[0113] In some embodiments, the composition comprises: about 1 to about 5 weight percent difluoromethane (R-32); about 1 to about 13 weight percent 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (R-134a); and about 84 to about 98 weight percent trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I).

[0114] In some embodiments, the composition comprises: about 1 to about 5 weight percent difluoromethane (R-32); about 1 to about 9 weight percent 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (R-134a); and about 88 to about 98 weight percent trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I).

[0115] In some embodiments, the composition comprises: about 1 to about 5 weight percent difluoromethane (R-32); about 1 to about 6 weight percent 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (R-134a); and about 91 to about 98 weight percent trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I).

[0116] In some embodiments, the composition comprises: about 1 to about 7 weight percent difluoromethane (R-32); about 46 to about 56 weight percent 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (R-134a); and about 42 to about 52 weight percent trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I).

[0117] In some embodiments, the composition comprises: about 1 to about 3 weight percent difluoromethane (R-32); about 50 to about 52 weight percent 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (R-134a); and about 46 to about 48 weight percent trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I).

[0118] In some embodiments, the composition comprises: about 2 weight percent difluoromethane (R-32); about 51 weight percent 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (R-134a); and about 47 weight percent trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I).

[0119] In some embodiments, the composition comprises: about 1 to about 7 weight percent difluoromethane (R-32); about 28 to about 38 weight percent 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (R-134a); and about 60 to about 70 weight percent trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I).

[0120] In some embodiments, the composition comprises: about 1 to about 3 weight percent difluoromethane (R-32); about 32 to about 34 weight percent 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (R-134a); and about 64 to about 66 weight percent trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I).

[0121] In some embodiments, the composition comprises: about 2 weight percent difluoromethane (R-32); about 33 weight percent 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (R-134a); and about 65 weight percent trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I).

[0122] In some embodiments, the composition comprises: about 1 to about 7 weight percent difluoromethane (R-32); about 22 to about 32 weight percent 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (R-134a); and about 67 to about 77 weight percent trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I).

[0123] In some embodiments, the composition comprises: about 1 to about 3 weight percent difluoromethane (R-32); about 26 to about 28 weight percent 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (R-134a); and about 71 to about 73 weight percent trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I).

[0124] In some embodiments, the composition comprises: about 1 weight percent difluoromethane (R-32); about 27 weight percent 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (R-134a); and about 72 weight percent trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I).

[0125] In some embodiments, the composition comprises: about 1 to about 7 weight percent difluoromethane (R-32); about 14 to about 24 weight percent 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (R-134a); and about 74 to about 84 weight percent trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I).

[0126] In some embodiments, the composition comprises: about 1 to about 3 weight percent difluoromethane (R-32); about 18 to about 20 weight percent 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (R-134a); and about 78 to about 80 weight percent trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I).

[0127] In some embodiments, the composition comprises: about 2 weight percent difluoromethane (R-32); about 19 weight percent 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (R-134a); and about 79 weight percent trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I).

[0128] In some embodiments, the composition comprises: about 1 to about 5 weight percent difluoromethane (R-32); about 15 to about 25 weight percent 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (R-134a); and about 74 to about 84 weight percent trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I).

[0129] In some embodiments, the composition comprises: about 1 to about 3 weight percent difluoromethane (R-32); about 19 to about 21 weight percent 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (R-134a); and about 78 to about 80 weight percent trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I).

[0130] In some embodiments, the composition comprises: about 1 weight percent difluoromethane (R-32); about 20 weight percent 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (R-134a); and about 79 weight percent trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I).

[0131] In some embodiments, the composition comprises: about 1 to about 5 weight percent difluoromethane (R-32); about 4 to about 14 weight percent 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (R-134a); and about 85 to about 95 weight percent trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I).

[0132] In some embodiments, the composition comprises: about 1 to about 3 weight percent difluoromethane (R-32); about 8 to about 10 weight percent 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (R-134a); and about 89 to about 91 weight percent trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I).

[0133] In some embodiments, the composition comprises: about 1 weight percent difluoromethane (R-32); about 9 weight percent 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (R-134a); and about 90 weight percent trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I).

[0134] In some embodiments, the compositions provided herein exhibit a GWP of less than about 750, e.g., less than about 700, less than about 600, less than about 500, less than about 400, less than about 300, less than about 250, less than about 200, less than about 100, less than about 50, or less than about 10. In some embodiments, the compositions provided herein exhibit a GWP of less than about 300. In some embodiments, the compositions provided herein exhibit a GWP of less than about 250. In some embodiments, the compositions provided herein exhibit a GWP of less than about 200. In some embodiments, the compositions provided herein exhibit a GWP of less than about 150. In some embodiments, the compositions provided herein exhibit a GWP of less than about 100.

[0135] In some embodiments, the compositions provided herein have a saturation rate of about 200 to about 750, e.g., about 200 to about 700, about 200 to about 600, about 200 to about 500, about 200 to about 400, about 200 to about 350, about 200 to about 300, about 200 to about 250, about 250 to about 750, about 250 to about 700, about 250 to about 600, about 250 to about 500, about 250 to about 400, about 250 to about 350, about 250 to about 300, about 300 to about 750, about 300 to about 700 , about 300 to about 600, about 300 to about 500, about 300 to about 400, about 300 to about 350, about 350 to about 750, about 350 to about 700, about 350 to about 600, about 350 to about 500, about 350 to about 400, about 400 to about 750, about 400 to about 700, about 400 to about 600, about 400 to about 500, about 500 to about 750, about 500 to about 700, about 500 to about 600, about 600 to about 750, about 600 to about 700, or about 650 to about 750.

[0136] In some embodiments, the compositions provided herein exhibit a GWP of about 100 to about 750. In some embodiments, the compositions provided herein exhibit a GWP of about 150 to about 750. In some embodiments, the compositions provided herein exhibit a GWP of about 175 to about 750. In some embodiments, the compositions provided herein exhibit a GWP of about 200 to about 750. In some embodiments, the compositions provided herein exhibit a GWP of about 250 to about 750. In some embodiments, the compositions provided herein exhibit a GWP of about 300 to about 375. In some embodiments, the compositions provided herein exhibit a GWP of about 300 to about 350. In some embodiments, the compositions provided herein exhibit a GWP of about 250 to about 350. In some embodiments, the compositions provided herein exhibit a GWP of about 250 to about 300.

[0137] In some embodiments, the compositions provided herein exhibit a GWP of about 100 to about 300. In some embodiments, the compositions provided herein exhibit a GWP of about 100 to about 250. In some embodiments, the compositions provided herein exhibit a GWP of about 100 to about 200. In some embodiments, the compositions provided herein exhibit a GWP of about 150 to about 200.

[0138] In some embodiments, the composition is selected from the group of compositions provided in Table 3A. In some embodiments, the composition is selected from the group of compositions provided in Table 3A having a GWP of about 750 to about 1000. In some embodiments, the composition is selected from the group of compositions provided in Table 3A having a GWP of about 750 to about 800.

[0139] In some embodiments, the composition is selected from the group of compositions provided in Table 3B. In some embodiments, the composition is selected from the group of compositions provided in Table 3B having a GWP of about 300 to about 500. In some embodiments, the composition is selected from the group of compositions provided in Table 3B having a GWP of about 300 to about 400. In some embodiments, the composition is selected from the group of compositions provided in Table 3B having a GWP of about 300 to about 375. In some embodiments, the composition is selected from the group of compositions provided in Table 3B having a GWP of about 300 to about 360. In some embodiments, the composition is selected from the group of compositions provided in Table 3B having a GWP of about 300 to about 350. In some embodiments, the composition is selected from the group of compositions provided in Table 3B having a GWP of about 300 to about 340. In some embodiments, the composition is selected from the group of compositions provided in Table 3B having a GWP of about 300 to about 330. In some embodiments, the composition is selected from the group of compositions provided in Table 3B having a GWP of about 300 to about 325. In some embodiments, the composition is selected from the group of compositions provided in Table 3B having a GWP of about 300 to about 320.

[0140] In some embodiments, the composition is selected from the group of compositions provided in Table 3C. In some embodiments, the composition is selected from the group of compositions provided in Table 3C having a GWP of about 22 to about 265. In some embodiments, the composition is selected from the group of compositions provided in Table 3C having a GWP of about 22 to about 250. In some embodiments, the composition is selected from the group of compositions provided in Table 3C having a GWP of about 22 to about 221. In some embodiments, the composition is selected from the group of compositions provided in Table 3C having a GWP of about 22 to about 200. In some embodiments, the composition is selected from the group of compositions provided in Table 3C having a GWP of about 22 to about 171. In some embodiments, the composition is selected from the group of compositions provided in Table 3C having a GWP of about 22 to about 150. In some embodiments, the composition is selected from the group of compositions provided in Table 3C having a GWP of about 22 to about 121. In some embodiments, the composition is selected from the group of compositions provided in Table 3C having a GWP of about 22 to about 100. In some embodiments, the composition is selected from the group of compositions provided in Table 3C having a GWP of about 22 to about 71. In some embodiments, the composition is selected from the group of compositions provided in Table 3C having a GWP of about 22 to about 50.

[0141] How to use The compositions provided herein can act as working fluids used to transport heat from a heat source to a heat sink. Such heat transfer compositions can also be useful as refrigerants in cycles where the fluid undergoes a phase change, i.e., where the fluid undergoes a phase change from liquid to gas and back to liquid again, or vice versa. Examples of heat transfer systems include, but are not limited to, air conditioners, freezers, refrigerators, heat pumps, water chillers, flooded evaporative cooling systems, direct expansion cooling systems, walk-in coolers, high temperature heat pumps, mobile refrigerators, mobile air conditioning units, immersion cooling systems, data center cooling systems, and combinations thereof. Thus, the present application provides a heat transfer system (e.g., heat transfer device) as described herein that includes a composition provided herein. In some embodiments, the compositions provided herein are useful as working fluids in heat transfer devices (e.g., working fluids for refrigeration or heating applications). In some embodiments, the compositions provided herein are useful in devices or systems that include a high temperature heat pump. In some embodiments, the high temperature heat pump includes a centrifugal compressor. In some embodiments, the compositions provided herein are useful in an apparatus or system comprising a chiller device. In some embodiments, the compositions provided herein are useful in an apparatus or system comprising a centrifugal chiller device. In some embodiments, the compositions provided herein are useful in centrifugal high temperature heat pumps.

[0142] Mechanical vapor-compression refrigeration, air conditioning, and heat pump systems include an evaporator, a compressor, a condenser, and an expansion device. The refrigeration cycle reuses the refrigerant in multiple steps, producing a cooling effect in one step and a heating effect in a different step. The cycle can be described as follows: liquid refrigerant enters the evaporator through an expansion device, where the liquid refrigerant boils at a low temperature by removing heat from the environment to form a gas, producing cooling. Often, air or a heat transfer fluid flows over or around the evaporator to transfer the cooling effect produced by the evaporation of the refrigerant in the evaporator to the object to be cooled. The low pressure gas enters the compressor, where the gas is compressed and its pressure and temperature are increased. The high pressure (compressed) gaseous refrigerant then enters the condenser, where the refrigerant is condensed and releases its heat to the environment. The refrigerant returns to the expansion device, through which the liquid expands from the higher pressure level in the condenser to the lower pressure level in the evaporator, thus repeating the cycle.

[0143] An object to be cooled or heated may be defined as any space, location, object, or object to which it is desirable to provide cooling or heating. Examples include spaces (open or enclosed) that require air conditioning, cooling, or heating, such as rooms, apartments, or buildings, such as apartment buildings, college dormitories, townhouses, or other tenement or single-family homes, hospitals, office buildings, supermarkets, classrooms or administrative buildings of a college or university, and passenger compartments of automobiles or trucks. Additionally, objects to be cooled may include electronic devices, such as computer equipment, central processing units (CPUs), data centers, server banks, and personal computers, among others.

[0144] "Proximity" means that the evaporator of a system containing a refrigerant is located either within or in close proximity to the object to be cooled, such that air moving over the evaporator moves within or around the object to be cooled. In a process for producing heating, "proximity" means that the condenser of a system containing a refrigerant is located either within or in close proximity to the object to be heated, such that air moving over the evaporator moves within or around the object to be heated. In some embodiments, with respect to heat transfer, "proximity" can mean, for example, that the object to be cooled is directly immersed in the heat transfer composition, or that a tube containing the heat transfer composition flows inside and out of the electronic device.

[0145] Exemplary refrigeration systems include, but are not limited to, commercial, industrial, or residential refrigerators and freezers, ice machines, built-in coolers and freezers, vending machines, flooded evaporative chillers, direct expansion chillers, water chillers, centrifugal chillers, walk-in and reach-in coolers and freezers, and combined systems. In some embodiments, the compositions provided herein may be used in supermarket refrigeration systems. Additionally, stationary applications may utilize a secondary loop system that uses a primary refrigerant to generate cooling at one location and moves it to a remote location via a secondary heat transfer fluid.

[0146] In some embodiments, the compositions provided herein are useful in mobile heat transfer systems, including refrigeration, air conditioning, or heat pump systems or devices. In some embodiments, the compositions are useful in stationary heat transfer systems, including refrigeration, air conditioning, or heat pump systems or devices.

[0147] As used herein, a mobile refrigeration, air conditioning, or heat pump system refers to any refrigeration, air conditioning, or heat pump device that is incorporated into a road, rail, sea, or air transportation unit. The mobile air conditioning or heat pump system may be used in an automobile, truck, train, or other transportation system. Mobile refrigeration may include truck, plane, or train transportation refrigeration. Additionally, devices intended to provide refrigeration to any mobile carrier-independent system, known as an "intermodal" system, are included in the present invention. Such intermodal systems include "containers" (intermodal sea / land), and "swap bodies" (intermodal road and rail).

[0148] As used herein, a stationary air conditioning or heat pump system is a system that is fixed in place during operation. Stationary air conditioning or heat pump systems may be associated with or attached to any of a variety of buildings. These stationary applications may include, but are not limited to, chillers, heat pumps, including residential high temperature heat pumps, residential, commercial, or industrial air conditioning systems, as well as stationary air conditioning and heat pumps, including those exterior connected to buildings such as window, ductless, ducted packaged terminals, rooftop systems, etc.

[0149] Stationary heat transfer may refer to systems for cooling electronic devices such as immersion cooling systems, submersion cooling systems, phase change cooling systems, data center cooling systems, or simply liquid cooling systems.

[0150] In some embodiments, a method is provided for using the composition as a heat transfer fluid, the method comprising transporting the composition from a heat source to a heat sink.

[0151] In some embodiments, a method for producing cooling is provided that includes evaporating either the compound or composition in the vicinity of a body to be cooled and then condensing the composition.

[0152] In some embodiments, a method for producing heating is provided that includes condensing any of the present compositions in the vicinity of a body to be heated and then evaporating the composition.

[0153] In some embodiments, the composition is for use in heat transfer and the working fluid is a heat transfer component.

[0154] In some embodiments, the compositions of the present invention are for use in refrigeration or air conditioning.

[0155] In some embodiments, the compositions of the present invention may be useful for reducing or eliminating the flammability of a flammable refrigerant provided herein. In some embodiments, the present application provides a method for reducing the flammability of a flammable refrigerant, comprising adding to the flammable refrigerant a composition comprising a composition disclosed herein.

[0156] The compositions provided herein may be useful as replacements for currently used ("incumbent") refrigerants. As used herein, the term "incumbent refrigerant" is understood to mean the refrigerant that the heat transfer system is designed to operate against or that is present in the heat transfer system. In some embodiments, the incumbent refrigerant is selected from the group consisting of R-410A, R-22, and R-134a. In some embodiments, the incumbent refrigerant is R-410A. In some embodiments, the incumbent refrigerant is R-22. In some embodiments, the incumbent refrigerant is R-134a.

[0157] In many cases, replacement refrigerants are most useful when they can be used in the original refrigeration equipment designed for a different refrigerant, e.g., with minimal to no system modifications. In many applications, some embodiments of the compositions of the present disclosure are useful as refrigerants and provide at least equivalent cooling performance (meaning cooling capacity) as the refrigerant for which replacement is sought.

[0158] In some embodiments, the alternative refrigerants provided herein (i.e., compositions provided herein) exhibit a cooling capacity that is within about ±1% to ±20% of the cooling capacity of R-410A, R-22, or R-134a. In some embodiments, the alternative refrigerants provided herein exhibit a cooling capacity that is within about ±15% of the cooling capacity of R-410A, R-22, or R-134a. In some embodiments, the alternative refrigerants provided herein exhibit a cooling capacity that is within about ±10% of the cooling capacity of R-410A, R-22, or R-134a. In some embodiments, the alternative refrigerants provided herein exhibit a cooling capacity that is within about ±5% of the cooling capacity of R-410A, R-22, or R-134a. In some embodiments, the alternative refrigerants provided herein exhibit a cooling capacity that is within about ±3% of the cooling capacity of R-410A, R-22, or R-134a.

[0159] In some embodiments, the alternative refrigerants provided herein (i.e., compositions provided herein) exhibit a cooling capacity that is within about ±3% to about ±20% of the cooling capacity of R-410A and have a GWP of less than about 750. In some embodiments, the alternative refrigerants provided herein exhibit a cooling capacity that is within about ±3% to about ±20% of the cooling capacity of R-410A and have a GWP of less than about 400. In some embodiments, the alternative refrigerants provided herein exhibit a cooling capacity that is within about ±3% to about ±20% of the cooling capacity of R-410A and have a GWP of less than about 250. In some embodiments, the alternative refrigerants provided herein exhibit a cooling capacity that is within about ±3% to about ±20% of the cooling capacity of R-410A and have a GWP of less than about 150. In some embodiments, the alternative refrigerants provided herein exhibit a cooling capacity that is within about ±5% of the cooling capacity of R-410A and have a GWP of less than about 150.

[0160] In some embodiments, the alternative refrigerants provided herein (i.e., compositions provided herein) exhibit a cooling capacity that is within about ±3% to about ±20% of the cooling capacity of R-22 and have a GWP of less than about 750. In some embodiments, the alternative refrigerants provided herein exhibit a cooling capacity that is within about ±3% to about ±20% of the cooling capacity of R-22 and have a GWP of less than about 400. In some embodiments, the alternative refrigerants provided herein exhibit a cooling capacity that is within about ±3% to about ±20% of the cooling capacity of R-22 and have a GWP of less than about 250. In some embodiments, the alternative refrigerants provided herein exhibit a cooling capacity that is within about ±3% to about ±20% of the cooling capacity of R-22 and have a GWP of less than about 150. In some embodiments, the alternative refrigerants provided herein exhibit a cooling capacity that is within about ±5% of the cooling capacity of R-22 and have a GWP of less than about 150.

[0161] In some embodiments, the alternative refrigerants provided herein (i.e., compositions provided herein) exhibit a cooling capacity that is within about ±3% to about ±20% of the cooling capacity of R-134a and have a GWP of less than about 750. In some embodiments, the alternative refrigerants provided herein exhibit a cooling capacity that is within about ±3% to about ±20% of the cooling capacity of R-134a and have a GWP of less than about 400. In some embodiments, the alternative refrigerants provided herein exhibit a cooling capacity that is within about ±3% to about ±20% of the cooling capacity of R-134a and have a GWP of less than about 250. In some embodiments, the alternative refrigerants provided herein exhibit a cooling capacity that is within about ±3% to about ±20% of the cooling capacity of R-134a and have a GWP of less than about 150. In some embodiments, the alternative refrigerants provided herein exhibit a cooling capacity that is within about ±5% of the cooling capacity of R-134a and have a GWP of less than about 150.

[0162] In some embodiments, the method includes replacing an incumbent refrigerant selected from the group consisting of R-410A, R-22, and R-134a in a high temperature heat pump with an alternative refrigerant composition provided herein. In some embodiments, the high temperature heat pump is a centrifugal high temperature heat pump. In some embodiments, the incumbent refrigerant is R-410A. In some embodiments, the incumbent refrigerant is R-22. In some embodiments, the incumbent refrigerant is R-134a.

[0163] In some embodiments, the high temperature heat pump comprises a condenser that operates at a temperature greater than about 50° C. In some embodiments, the high temperature heat pump comprises a condenser that operates at a temperature greater than about 100° C. In some embodiments, the high temperature heat pump comprises a condenser that operates at a temperature greater than about 120° C. In some embodiments, the high temperature heat pump comprises a condenser that operates at a temperature greater than about 150° C.

[0164] In some embodiments, the present application provides a method for improving the energy efficiency of a heat transfer system or device comprising an incumbent refrigerant, the method comprising substantially replacing the incumbent refrigerant with an alternative refrigerant composition provided herein, thereby improving the efficiency of the heat transfer system. In some embodiments, the heat transfer system is a chiller system or chiller device provided herein.

[0165] In some embodiments, methods are provided for operating a heat transfer system designed to operate with an incumbent refrigerant or for transferring heat by filling an empty system with the composition of the present invention or by substantially replacing the incumbent refrigerant with the composition of the present invention.

[0166] As used herein, the term "substantially replace" should be understood to mean draining the current refrigerant from the system or pumping the current refrigerant from the system and then charging the system with the composition of the present invention. The system may be flushed with one or more quantities of the replacement refrigerant prior to charging. It should be understood that in some embodiments, some small amount of the current refrigerant may be present in the system after the system has been charged with the composition of the present invention.

[0167] In another embodiment, a method is provided for recharging a heat transfer system containing a current refrigerant and lubricant, the method comprising substantially removing the current refrigerant from the heat transfer system while retaining a substantial portion of the lubricant within the system, and introducing one of the present compositions into the heat transfer system. In some embodiments, the lubricant in the system is partially replaced.

[0168] In some embodiments, the compositions of the present invention may be used to top off the refrigerant charge in a chiller. For example, if the performance of a chiller using R-410A, R-22, or R-134a is compromised due to a refrigerant leak, the compositions disclosed herein may be added to restore performance to original specifications.

[0169] In some embodiments, a heat exchange system is provided containing any of the compositions disclosed herein, the heat exchange system being selected from the group consisting of systems having air conditioners, freezers, refrigerators, heat pumps, water chillers, flooded evaporative cooling systems, direct expansion cooling systems, walk-in coolers, heat pumps, mobile refrigerators, mobile air conditioning units, and combinations thereof. Additionally, the compositions provided herein may be useful in secondary loop systems in which the compositions function as a primary refrigerant to provide cooling for a secondary heat transfer fluid, which in turn cools a remote location.

[0170] The compositions of the present invention may have some temperature glide in the heat exchanger. In some embodiments, the compositions provided herein exhibit a temperature glide of about 15° C. or less, e.g., about 10° C. or less, about 7° C. or less, about 5° C. or less, about 4° C. or less, about 3° C. or less, about 2° C. or less, or about 1° C. or less. In some embodiments, the compositions exhibit a temperature glide of about 10° C. or less. In some embodiments, the compositions exhibit a temperature glide of about 7° C. or less. In some embodiments, the compositions exhibit a temperature glide of about 5° C. or less. In some embodiments, the compositions exhibit a temperature glide of about 2° C. or less. In some embodiments, the compositions exhibit a temperature glide of about 1° C. or less.

[0171] In some embodiments, the compositions provided herein exhibit a temperature glide of about 0.1° C. to about 15° C. In some embodiments, the compositions provided herein exhibit a temperature glide of about 0.5° C. to about 15° C. In some embodiments, the compositions provided herein exhibit a temperature glide of about 0.5° C. to about 10° C. In some embodiments, the compositions provided herein exhibit a temperature glide of about 0.5° C. to about 8° C. In some embodiments, the compositions provided herein exhibit a temperature glide of about 0.5° C. to about 7° C. In some embodiments, the compositions provided herein exhibit a temperature glide of about 0.5° C. to about 5° C. In some embodiments, the compositions provided herein exhibit a temperature glide of about 0.5° C. to about 3° C. In some embodiments, the compositions provided herein exhibit a temperature glide of about 0.5° C. to about 2° C. In some embodiments, the compositions provided herein exhibit a temperature glide of about 0.5° C. to about 1° C.

[0172] This allows the system to operate more efficiently if the heat exchanger is operating in a counter-current mode or a cross-current mode with a counter-current tendency. Counter-current tendency means that the closer the heat exchanger is to a counter-current mode as possible, the more efficient the heat transfer will be. Therefore, air conditioning heat exchangers, especially evaporators, are designed to provide some aspect of a counter-current tendency.

[0173] Thus, an air conditioning or heat pump system is provided herein, which includes one or more heat exchangers (either an evaporator, a condenser, or both) operating in a counterflow mode or in a crossflow mode with a counterflow tendency.

[0174] In some embodiments, a refrigeration system is provided herein that includes one or more heat exchangers (either an evaporator, a condenser, or both) operating in a countercurrent mode or a crosscurrent mode with a countercurrent tendency.

[0175] In some embodiments, the refrigeration, air conditioning, or heat pump system is a stationary refrigeration, air conditioning, or heat pump system. In some embodiments, the refrigeration, air conditioning, or heat pump system is a mobile refrigeration, air conditioning, or heat pump system.

[0176] Additionally, in some embodiments, the disclosed compositions may function as a primary refrigerant in a secondary loop system that provides cooling to a remote location through the use of a secondary heat transfer fluid that may include water, a salt solution (e.g., calcium chloride), glycol, carbon dioxide, or a fluorinated hydrocarbon fluid (HFC, HCFC, hydrofluoroolefin, "HFO", hydrochlorofluoroolefin, "HCFO", chlorofluoroolefin, "CFO", or perfluorocarbon ("perfluorocarbon, PFC"). In this case, the secondary heat transfer fluid is adjacent to the evaporator and is cooled before being transferred to a second remote object to be cooled, and thus is the object being cooled. In some embodiments, the disclosed compositions function as a secondary heat transfer fluid and thus can transfer or provide cooling (or heating) to a remote location.

[0177] In some embodiments, the compositions provided herein further comprise one or more non-refrigerant components (also referred to herein as additives) selected from the group consisting of lubricants, dyes (including UV dyes), solubilizers, compatibilizers, stabilizers, tracers, perfluoropolyethers, antiwear agents, extreme pressure additives, corrosion and oxidation inhibitors, polymerization inhibitors, metal surface energy reducers, metal surface deactivators, free radical scavengers, foam control agents, viscosity index improvers, pour point depressants, detergents, viscosity modifiers, and mixtures thereof. Indeed, many of these optional non-refrigerant components may fit one or more of these categories and may themselves have qualities that aid in achieving one or more performance characteristics.

[0178] In some embodiments, one or more non-refrigerant components are present in minor amounts relative to the overall composition. In some embodiments, the concentration of the additive(s) in the disclosed compositions is from less than about 0.1 weight percent up to about 5 weight percent of the total composition. In some embodiments of the present invention, the additive is present in the disclosed compositions in an amount of about 0.1 weight percent to about 5 weight percent or about 0.1 weight percent to about 3.5 weight percent of the total composition. The additive component(s) selected for the disclosed compositions are selected based on the utility and / or requirements of the individual equipment components or systems.

[0179] In one embodiment, the lubricant is selected from the group consisting of mineral oil, alkylbenzenes, polyol esters, polyalkylene glycols, polyvinyl ethers, polycarbonates, perfluoropolyethers, silicones, silicate esters, phosphate esters, paraffins, naphthenes, polyalpha-olefins, and combinations thereof.

[0180] The lubricants disclosed herein may be commercially available lubricants. For example, the lubricants may be paraffinic mineral oil sold by BVA Oil under the trade name BVM100N, naphthenic mineral oil sold by Crompton Co. under the trade name Suniso® 1GS, Suniso® 3GS, and Suniso® 5GS, naphthenic mineral oil sold by Pennzoil under the trade name Sontex® 372LT, naphthenic mineral oil sold by Calumet Lubricants under the trade name Calumet® RO-30, linear alkyl benzene sold by Shrieve Chemicals under the trade name Zerol® 75, Zerol® 150, and Zerol® 500, branched alkyl benzene sold by Nippon Oil as HAB22, polyol ester (POE) sold by Castrol, United Kingdom under the trade name Castrol® 100, Dow (Dow and polyalkylene glycols (PAGs), such as RL-488A from Qualcomm Chemical, Midland, Michigan, as well as mixtures thereof, meaning mixtures of any of the lubricants disclosed in this paragraph.

[0181] Notwithstanding the above weight ratios of the compositions disclosed herein, it is understood that in some heat transfer systems, additional lubricant may be obtained from one or more equipment parts of such heat transfer systems while the compositions are in use. For example, some refrigeration, air conditioning, and heat pump systems may be filled with lubricant in the compressor and / or compressor lubrication sump. Such lubricant may be present in the refrigerant of such systems in addition to any lubricant additives. When in use and in the compressor, the refrigerant may pick up a certain amount of equipment lubricant, causing the refrigerant-lubricant composition to change from the starting ratio.

[0182] The non-refrigerant components used in the compositions of the present invention may include at least one dye. The dye may be at least one ultraviolet (UV) dye. As used herein, an "ultraviolet" dye is defined as an ultraviolet fluorescent or phosphorescent composition that absorbs light in the ultraviolet or "near" ultraviolet region of the electromagnetic spectrum. Fluorescence produced by the ultraviolet fluorescent dye can be detected under ultraviolet irradiation that emits at least some radiation having a wavelength in the range of 10 nanometers to about 775 nanometers.

[0183] Ultraviolet dyes are useful components in detecting leaks of compositions because the fluorescence of the dye can be observed at or near the point of the leak in an apparatus (e.g., a refrigeration unit, air conditioner, or heat pump). The ultraviolet emission (e.g., fluorescence from the dye) can be observed under ultraviolet light. Thus, if a composition containing such an ultraviolet dye leaks from a given point in the apparatus, the fluorescence can be detected at or near the point of the leak.

[0184] In some embodiments, the ultraviolet dye may be a fluorescent dye, which in some embodiments is selected from the group consisting of naphthalimide, perylene, coumarin, anthracene, phenanthracene, xanthene, thioxanthene, naphthoxanthene, fluorescein, and derivatives of such dyes, and combinations thereof (meaning any mixture of the aforementioned dyes or their derivatives disclosed in this paragraph).

[0185] Another non-refrigerant component that may be used in the composition of the present invention may include at least one solubilizing agent selected to improve the solubility of one or more dyes in the composition of the present disclosure. In some embodiments, the weight ratio of dye to solubilizing agent ranges from about 99:1 to about 1:1. The solubilizing agent may include at least one compound selected from the group consisting of hydrocarbons, hydrocarbon ethers, polyoxyalkylene glycol ethers (e.g., dipropylene glycol dimethyl ether), amides, nitriles, ketones, chlorocarbons (e.g., methylene chloride, trichloroethylene, chloroform, or mixtures thereof), esters, lactones, aromatic ethers, fluoroethers, and 1,1,1-trifluoroalkanes, and mixtures thereof (meaning mixtures of any of the solubilizing agents disclosed in this paragraph).

[0186] In some embodiments, the non-refrigerant component includes at least one compatibilizer to improve compatibility of one or more lubricants with the disclosed compositions. The compatibilizer may be selected from the group consisting of hydrocarbons, hydrocarbon ethers, polyoxyalkylene glycol ethers (e.g., dipropylene glycol dimethyl ether), amides, nitriles, ketones, chlorocarbons (e.g., methylene chloride, trichloroethylene, chloroform, or mixtures thereof), esters, lactones, aromatic ethers, fluoroethers, 1,1,1-trifluoroalkanes, and mixtures thereof (meaning mixtures of any of the compatibilizers disclosed in this paragraph).

[0187] The solubilizer and / or compatibilizer may be selected from the group consisting of hydrocarbon ethers consisting of ethers containing only carbon, hydrogen and oxygen, such as dimethyl ether (DME), and mixtures thereof (meaning any mixture of the hydrocarbon ethers disclosed in this paragraph).

[0188] The compatibilizer may be a linear or cyclic aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon compatibilizer containing 3 to 15 carbon atoms. The compatibilizer may be at least one hydrocarbon selected from the group consisting of, inter alia, at least, propane, including propylene and propane, butane, including n-butane and isobutene, pentane, including n-pentane, isopentane, neopentane and cyclopentane, hexane, octane, nonane, and decane. Commercially available hydrocarbon compatibilizers include, but are not limited to, those sold under the trade name Isopar® H by Exxon Chemical (USA), undecane (C 11 ) and dodecane (C 12 ) mixture (high purity C 11 ~C 12 Isoparaffin), Aromatic 150 (C9~C 11 Aromatic200(C9~C 15 Aromatic) and Naptha 140 (C5-C 11 mixtures of paraffinic, naphthenic and aromatic hydrocarbons) and mixtures thereof, meaning mixtures of any of the hydrocarbons disclosed in this paragraph.

[0189] The compatibilizer may alternatively be at least one polymeric compatibilizer. The polymeric compatibilizer may be a random copolymer of fluorinated and non-fluorinated acrylates, the polymer having the formula CH2=C(R 1 )CO2R 2 , CH2=C(R 3 )C6H4R 4 , and CH2=C(R 5 )C6H4XR 6 wherein X is oxygen or sulfur, and R 1 , R 3 , and R 5 is independently selected from the group consisting of H and C1-C4 alkyl groups; R 2 , R 4 , and R 6are independently selected from the group consisting of carbon chain-based radicals containing C and F, and may further contain H, Cl, ether oxygen, or sulfur in the form of thioether, sulfoxide, or sulfone groups, and mixtures thereof. Examples of such polymeric compatibilizers include those available commercially from EI du Pont de Nemours and Company (Wilmington, DE, 19898, USA) under the trade name Zonyl® PHS. Zonyl® PHS is a 40 weight percent CH2=C(CH3)CO2CH2CH2(CF2CF2) m F (also known as Zonyl® fluoromethacrylate or ZFM), where m is 1 to 12, primarily 2 to 8, and 60 weight percent lauryl methacrylate (CH2=C(CH3)CO2(CH2) 11 It is a random copolymer made by polymerizing 1,2-dichlorophenyl ether (CH3, also known as LMA).

[0190] In some embodiments, the compatibilizer component contains about 0.01 to 30 weight percent (based on the total weight of the compatibilizer) of an additive that reduces the surface energy of metallic copper, aluminum, steel, or other metals and their alloys found in heat exchangers in a manner that reduces adhesion of the lubricant to the metal. Examples of metal surface energy reducing additives include those available from DuPont under the trade names Zonyl® FSA, Zonyl® FSP, and Zonyl® FSJ.

[0191] Another non-refrigerant component that may be used in the composition of the present invention may be a metal surface deactivator. The metal surface deactivator is selected from the group consisting of areoxalyl bis(benzylidene)hydrazide (CAS Registry Number 6629-10-3), N,N'-bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyhydrocinnamoylhydrazine (CAS Registry Number 32687-78-8), 2,2,'-oxamidobis-ethyl-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyhydrocinnamate (CAS Registry Number 70331-94-1), N,N'-(disalicyclidene)-1,2-diaminopropane (CAS Registry Number 94-91-7), and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (CAS Registry Number 60-00-4) and its salts, and mixtures thereof (meaning any mixture of the metal surface deactivators disclosed in this paragraph).

[0192] The non-refrigerant component used in the composition of the present invention may alternatively be a stabilizer selected from the group consisting of hindered phenols, thiophosphates, butylated triphenyl phosphorothionates, organophosphates or phosphites, aryl alkyl ethers, terpenes, terpenoids, epoxides, fluorinated epoxides, oxetanes, ascorbic acid, thiols, lactones, thioethers, amines, nitromethanes, alkyl silanes, benzophenone derivatives, aryl sulfides, divinyl terephthalic acid, diphenyl terephthalic acid, hydrazones such as acetaldehyde dimethylhydrazone, ionic liquids, and mixtures thereof (meaning mixtures of any of the stabilizers disclosed in this paragraph). The terpene or terpenoid stabilizer may include farnesene. The phosphite stabilizer may include diphenyl phosphite.

[0193] The stabilizer may be selected from the group consisting of tocopherol; hydroquinone; t-butylhydroquinone; monothiophosphates; and dithiophosphates (available from Ciba Specialty Chemicals, Basel, Switzerland (hereinafter "Ciba") under the trade name Irgalube® 63); dialkylthiophosphates (available from Ciba under the trade names Irgalube® 353 and Irgalube® 350, respectively); butylated triphenyl phosphorothioate (available from Ciba under the trade name Irgalube® 232); amine phosphates (available from Ciba under the trade names Irgalube® 349 and hindered phosphite (available from Ciba under the trade name Irgafos® 168), and tris-(di-tert-butylphenyl) phosphite (available from Ciba under the trade name Irgafos® OPH); (Di-n-octyl phosphite); and isodecyl diphenyl phosphite (available from Ciba under the trade name Irgafos® DDPP); trimethyl phosphate, triethyl phosphate, tributyl phosphate, trioctyl phosphate, and trialkyl phosphates such as tri(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate; triaryl phosphates including triphenyl phosphate, tricresyl phosphate, and trixylenyl phosphate, and mixed alkylaryl phosphates including isopropylphenyl phosphate (IPPP) and bis(t-butylphenyl)phenyl phosphate (TBPP); butylated triphenyl phosphates (e.g., those sold under the trade name Syn-O-Ad®, including Syn-O-Ad® 8784); trademark); tert-butylated triphenyl phosphate (e.g., commercially available under the trademark Durad® 620); isopropylated triphenyl phosphate (e.g., commercially available under the trademark Durad® 220 and Durad® 110); anisole; 1,4-dimethoxybenzene; 1,4-diethoxybenzene; 1,3,5-trimethoxybenzene; myrcene, alloocimene, limonene (especially d-limonene); retinal;Pinene (alpha or beta);Menthol;Geraniol;Farnesol;Phytol;Vitamin A;Terpinene;Delta-3-carene;Terpinolene;Phellandrene;Fenchene;Dipentene;Caratenoids such as lycopene, beta-carotene, and xanthophylls such as zeaxanthin;Retinoids such as hepaxanthin and isotretinoin;Bornane;1,2-Propylene oxide;1,2-Butylene oxide;n-Butyl glycidyl ether;Trifluoromethyloxirane;1,1-Bis(trifluoromethyl)oxirane OXT-101 (TOAGOSEI); OXT-211 (TOAGOSEI); OXT-212 (TOAGOSEI); Ascorbic acid; Methanethiol (methyl mercaptan); Ethanethiol (ethyl mercaptan); Coenzyme A; Dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA); Grapefruit mercaptan ((R)-2-(4-methylcyclohexa-3 cysteine ​​((R)-2-amino-3-sulfanyl-propanoic acid); lipoamide (1,2-dithiolane-3-pentanamide); 5,7-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-3-[2,3(or 3,4-)-dimethylphenyl]-2(3H)-benzofuranone (available from Ciba under the trade name Irganox® HP-136); benzyl phenyl sulfide; diphenyl sulfide; diisopropylamine; dioctadecyl 3,3'-thiodipropionate (available from Ciba under the trade name Irganox® HP-136). (Ciba)); didodecyl 3,3'-thiopropionate (commercially available from Ciba under the trade name Irganox® PS800); di-(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl) sebacate (commercially available from Ciba under the trade name Tinuvin® 770); poly-(N-hydroxyethyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-hydroxy-piperidyl succinate (commercially available from Ciba under the trade name Tinuvin® 622LD); methyl bis(tallowamine); bis(tallowamine);Phenol-α-naphthylamine;bis(dimethylamino)methylsilane (DMAMS);tris(trimethylsilyl)silane (TTMSS);vinyltriethoxysilane;vinyltrimethoxysilane;2,5-difluorobenzophenone;2',5'-dihydroxyacetophenone;2-aminobenzophenone;2-chlorobenzophenone;benzyl phenyl sulfide;diphenyl sulfide;dibenzyl sulfide;ionic liquids;and mixtures and combinations thereof.

[0194] The additive used in the composition of the present invention may alternatively be an ionic liquid stabilizer. The ionic liquid stabilizer may be selected from the group consisting of organic salts that are liquid at room temperature (about 25° C.), which salts are selected from the group consisting of pyridinium, pyridazinium, pyrimidinium, pyrazinium, imidazolium, pyrazolium, thiazolium, oxazolium, and triazolium, and mixtures thereof, and [BF4] - , PF6 - , [SbF6] - , [CF3SO3] - , [HCF2CF2SO3] - , [CF3HFCCF2SO3] - , [HCClFCF2SO3] - , [(CF3SO2)2N] - , [(CF3CF2SO2)2N] - , [(CF3SO2)3C] - , [CF3CO2] - , and F - and mixtures thereof. In some embodiments, the ionic liquid stabilizer is selected from the group consisting of emim BF4 (1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate); bmim BF4 (1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetraborate); emim PF6 (1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate); and bmim PF6 (1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate), all of which are available from Fluka (Sigma-Aldrich).

[0195] In some embodiments, the stabilizer may be a hindered phenol, such as alkylated monophenols, such as 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol; 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-ethylphenol; 2,4-dimethyl-6-tert-butylphenol; tocopherols, hydroquinone and alkylated hydroquinones, such as t-butylhydroquinone, other derivatives of hydroquinone, hydroxylated thiodiphenyl ethers, such as 4,4'-thio-bis(2-methyl-6 -tert-butylphenol; 4,4'-thiobis(3-methyl-6-tert-butylphenol); 2,2'-thiobis(4-methyl-6-tert-butylphenol); alkylidene-bisphenols such as 4,4'-methylenebis(2,6-di-tert-butylphenol); 4,4'-bis(2,6-di-tert-butylphenol); 2,2- or 4,4-biphenol diol derivatives; 2,2'-methylenebis(4-ethyl-6-tert-butylphenol); 2,2'-methylenebis(4 -methyl-6-tert-butylphenol; 4,4-butylidenebis(3-methyl-6-tert-butylphenol); 4,4-isopropylidenebis(2,6-di-tert-butylphenol); 2,2'-methylenebis(4-methyl-6-nonylphenol); 2,2'-isobutylidenebis(4,6-dimethylphenol); 2,2'-methylenebis(4-methyl-6-cyclohexylphenol), 2,2- or 4,4-biphenyldiols, for example, 2,2'-methylenebis(4-ethyl-6-tert-butylphenol). butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT, or 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol), bisphenols containing heteroatoms, such as 2,6-di-tert-alpha-dimethylamino-p-cresol, 4,4-thiobis(6-tert-butyl-m-cresol, etc.; acylaminophenols; 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4(N,N'-dimethylaminomethylphenol); sulfides, such as bis(3-methyl-4-hydroxy-5-tert-butylbenzyl)sulfide;Any substituted phenolic compound such as phenol containing one or more substituted or cyclic, straight or branched chain aliphatic substituents, such as bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl) sulfide, as well as mixtures thereof (meaning mixtures of any of the phenols disclosed in this paragraph);

[0196] The non-refrigerant component used in the composition of the present invention may alternatively be a tracer. The tracer may be two or more tracer compounds of the same class of compounds or different classes of compounds. In some embodiments, the tracer is present in the composition at a total concentration of about 50 parts per million (ppm) by weight to about 1000 ppm, based on the weight of the total composition. In some embodiments, the tracer is present at a total concentration of about 50 ppm to about 500 ppm. Alternatively, the tracer is present at a total concentration of about 100 ppm to about 300 ppm.

[0197] The tracer may be selected from the group consisting of hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), deuterated hydrofluorocarbons, perfluorocarbons, fluoroethers, brominated compounds, iodinated compounds, alcohols, aldehydes and ketones, nitrous oxide, and combinations thereof. Alternatively, the tracer may be selected from the group consisting of trifluoromethane (HFC-23), fluoroethane (HFC-161), 1,1,1,2,2,3,3-heptafluoropropane (HFC-227ca), 1,1,1,2,2,3-hexafluoropropane (HFC-236cb), 1,1,1,2,3,3-hexafluoropropane (HFC-236ea), 1,1,1,2,2-pentafluoropropane (HFC-245cb), 1,1,2,2- Tetrafluoropropane (HFC-254cb), 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoropropane (HFC-254eb), 1,1,1-trifluoropropane (HFC-263fb), 2,2-difluoropropane (HFC-272ca), 2-fluoropropane (HFC-281ea), 1-fluoropropane (HFC-281fa), 1,1,1,2,2,3,3,4-nonafluorobutane (HFC-329p), 1,1,1-trifluoropropane (HFC-329p), Perfluoro-2-methylpropane (HFC-329mmz), 1,1,1,2,2,4,4,4-octafluorobutane (HFC-338mf), 1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4-octafluorobutane (HFC-338pcc), 1,1,1,2,2,3,3-heptafluorobutane (HFC-347s), hexafluoroethane (perfluoroethane, PFC-116), perfluoro-cyclopropane (PFC-C216) , perfluoropropane (PFC-218), perfluoro-cyclobutane (PFC-C318), perfluorobutane (PFC-31-10mc), perfluoro-2-methylpropane (CF3CF(CF3)2), perfluoro-1,3-dimethylcyclobutane (PFC-C51-12mycm), trans-perfluoro-2,3-dimethylcyclobutane (PFC-C51-12mym, trans), cis-perfluoro-2,The tracer may be selected from the group consisting of 3-dimethylcyclobutane (PFC-C51-12mym, cis), perfluoromethylcyclopentane, perfluoromethylcyclohexane, perfluorodimethylcyclohexane (ortho, meta, or para), perfluoroethylcyclohexane, perfluoroindane, perfluorotrimethylcyclohexane and its isomers, perfluoroisopropylcyclohexane, cis-perfluorodecalin, trans-perfluorodecalin, cis- or trans-perfluoromethyldecalin, and mixtures thereof. In some embodiments, the tracer is a blend containing two or more hydrofluorocarbons or one hydrofluorocarbon combined with one or more perfluorocarbons.

[0198] Tracers may be added to the compositions of the present invention in predetermined amounts to allow for detection of any dilution, contamination, or other alteration of the composition.

[0199] The additives that may be used in the compositions of the present invention may alternatively be perfluoropolyethers, as described in detail in U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2007 / 0284555, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

[0200] It will be understood that the particular additives described above as suitable for the non-refrigerant components are identified as possible refrigerants, however, in accordance with the present invention, when used, these additives are not present in amounts that affect the novel and fundamental characteristics of the refrigerant mixtures of the present invention.

[0201] In some embodiments, the refrigerant compositions disclosed herein may be prepared by any convenient method for combining the desired amounts of the individual components, as is standard in the art. A preferred method is to weigh the desired amounts of the components and then combine the components in a suitable vessel. Agitation may be used if desired. EXAMPLES

[0202] The present invention will be described in more detail by specific examples. The following examples are provided for illustrative purposes and are not intended to limit the present invention in any way. Those skilled in the art will easily recognize various non-critical parameters that can be changed or modified to obtain essentially the same results.

[0203] Example 1. R-32 / R-134a / CF3I Blend as an Alternative to R-410A Cooling performance of mixtures containing difluoromethane (R-32), 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (R-134a), and trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I), including suction pressure, discharge pressure, compressor discharge temperature, and average evaporator and condenser temperature glides. The relative energy efficiency (COP) and volumetric cooling capacity of the compositions of the present invention versus R-410A were also determined. The following parameters were used to calculate the data shown in Tables 1A-1B. T 凝縮器中間点 = 46.1°C (115°F), T 蒸発器中間点 = 10.0°C (50°F), Amount of subcooling = 8.3°C (15°F), Amount of superheat = 11.1°C (20°F), Compressor efficiency = 70%. The amounts of R-32, R-134a, and CF3 are given as weight fractions of the composition. Exemplary contour plots of compositions containing R-32 / R-134a / CF3I that may be useful as an R-410A replacement refrigerant are shown in Figures 1-3.

[0204] [Table 1-1]

[0205] [Table 1-2]

[0206] [Table 1-3]

[0207] [Table 1-4]

[0208] [Table 1-5]

[0209] [Table 2]

[0210] Example 2. R-32 / R-134a / CF3I Blend as an Alternative to R-22 Cooling performance of mixtures containing difluoromethane (R-32), 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (R-134a), and trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I), including suction pressure, discharge pressure, compressor discharge temperature, and average evaporator and condenser temperature glides. The relative energy efficiency (COP) and volumetric cooling capacity of the compositions of the present invention versus R-22 were also determined. The following parameters were used to calculate the data shown in Tables 2A-2B. T 凝縮器中間点 = 46.1°C (115°F), T 蒸発器中間点 = 10.0°C (50°F), Amount of subcooling = 8.3°C (15°F), Amount of superheat = 11.1°C (20°F), Compressor efficiency = 70%. The amounts of R-32, R-134a, and CF3 are given as weight fractions of the composition. Exemplary contour plots of compositions containing R-32 / R-134a / CF3I that may be useful as an R-22 replacement refrigerant are shown in Figures 5-6.

[0211] [Table 3-1]

[0212] [Table 3-2]

[0213] [Table 3-3]

[0214]

Table 3-4

[0215]

Table 3-5

[0216]

Table 3-6

[0217]

Table 3-7

[0218]

Table 3-8

[0219]

Table 3-9

[0220]

Table 3-10

[0221]

Table 3-11

[0222]

Table 3-12

[0223]

Table 3-13

[0224]

Table 3-14

[0225]

Table 3-15

[0226]

Table 3-16

[0227]

Table 3-17

[0228]

Table 4-1

[0229]

Table 4-2

[0230]

Table 4-3

[0231]

Table 4-4

[0232]

Table 4-5

[0233]

Table 4-6

[0234]

Table 4-7

[0235]

Table 4-8

[0236]

Table 4-9

[0237]

Table 4-10

[0238]

Table 4-11

[0239]

Table 4-12

[0240]

Table 4-13

[0241]

Table 4-14

[0242]

Table 4-15

[0243]

Table 5-1

[0244]

Table 5-2

[0245] [Table 5-3]

[0246] [Table 5-4]

[0247] [Table 5-5]

[0248] Example 3. R-32 / R-134a / CF3I Blend as an Alternative to R-134a Cooling performance of mixtures containing difluoromethane (R-32), 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (R-134a), and trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I), including suction pressure, discharge pressure, compressor discharge temperature, and average evaporator and condenser temperature glides. The relative energy efficiency (COP) and volumetric cooling capacity (CAP) of the compositions of the present invention relative to R-134a were also determined. The following parameters were used to calculate the data shown in Tables 3A-3C: 凝縮器中間点 = 46.1°C (115°F), T 蒸発器中間点 = 10.0°C (50°F), Amount of subcooling = 8.3°C (15°F), Amount of superheat = 11.1°C (20°F), Compressor efficiency = 70%. The amounts of R-32, R-134a, and CF3 are given as weight fractions of the composition. Exemplary contour plots of compositions containing R-32 / R-134a / CF3I that may be useful as an R-134a replacement refrigerant are shown in Figures 6-7.

[0249] [Table 6-1]

[0250] [Table 6-2]

[0251] [Table 6-3]

[0252] [Table 6-4]

[0253] [Table 6-5]

[0254] [Table 7-1]

[0255] [Table 7-2]

[0256] [Table 7-3]

[0257] [Table 8-1]

[0258] [Table 8-2]

[0259] Other embodiments 1. In some embodiments, the present application provides a composition comprising difluoromethane (R-32), 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (R-134a), and trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I), wherein the composition exhibits a GWP of about 750 or less. 2. The composition of embodiment 1, wherein the composition exhibits a GWP of about 300 to about 375. 3. The composition of embodiment 1 or 2, wherein the composition is non-flammable. 4. The composition of any one of embodiments 1 to 3, wherein the composition comprises about 35 to about 44 weight percent difluoromethane (R-32). 5. The composition of any one of embodiments 1-4, wherein the composition comprises about 1 to about 9 weight percent of 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (R-134a). 6. The composition of any one of embodiments 1 to 5, wherein the composition comprises about 51 to about 60 weight percent trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I). 7. The composition, about 35 to about 44 weight percent difluoromethane (R-32); about 1 to about 9 weight percent 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (R-134a); and about 51 to about 60 weight percent trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I). 8. The composition of any one of embodiments 1-3, wherein the composition consists essentially of difluoromethane (R-32), 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (R-134a), and trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I). 9. The composition of embodiment 1 or 3, wherein the composition exhibits a GWP of less than about 300. 10. The composition of embodiment 9, wherein the composition is non-flammable. 11. The composition of any one of embodiments 1, 3, 9, and 10, wherein the composition comprises about 34 to about 42 weight percent difluoromethane (R-32). 12. The composition of any one of embodiments 1, 3, and 9-11, wherein the composition comprises about 1 to about 4 weight percent 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (R-134a). 13. The composition of any one of embodiments 1, 3, and 9-12, wherein the composition comprises about 57 to about 65 weight percent trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I). 14. The composition, about 34 to about 42 weight percent difluoromethane (R-32); about 1 to about 4 weight percent 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (R-134a); and about 57 to about 65 weight percent trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I). 15. The composition of any one of embodiments 1, 3, and 10, wherein the composition comprises about 40 weight percent difluoromethane (R-32), about 2 weight percent 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (R-134a), and about 58 weight percent trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I). 16. A process for producing cooling, comprising condensing a composition according to any one of embodiments 1 to 15, and then evaporating the composition in the vicinity of a body to be cooled. 17. A process for producing heat, comprising evaporating a composition according to any one of embodiments 1 to 15, and then condensing the composition in the vicinity of a body to be heated. 18. A method of replacing R-410A in a refrigeration, air conditioning, or heat pump system, comprising providing a composition according to any one of embodiments 1 to 15 as a replacement for R-410A. 19. The method of embodiment 18, wherein the composition exhibits a GWP of about 300 to about 375. 20. The method of embodiment 18 or 19, wherein the composition is non-flammable. 21. The composition, about 35 to about 44 weight percent difluoromethane (R-32); about 1 to about 9 weight percent 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (R-134a); and about 51 to about 60 weight percent trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I). 22. The method of any one of embodiments 18-21, wherein the composition exhibits a cooling capacity within about ±10% to about ±20% of the cooling capacity of R-410A. 23. The method of any one of embodiments 18-22, wherein the composition exhibits a cooling capacity within about ±15% of the cooling capacity of R-410A. 24. The method of any one of embodiments 18-23, wherein the composition exhibits a temperature glide of about 5° C. or less. 25. The method of embodiment 18 or 20, wherein the composition exhibits a GWP of less than about 300. 26. The method of any one of embodiments 18, 20, and 25, wherein the composition is non-flammable. 27. The composition, about 34 to about 42 weight percent difluoromethane (R-32); about 1 to about 4 weight percent 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (R-134a); 27. The method of any one of embodiments 18, 20, 25, and 26, comprising about 57 to about 65 weight percent trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I). 28. The method of any one of embodiments 18, 20, and 25-27, wherein the composition exhibits a cooling capacity within about ±10% to about ±20% of the cooling capacity of R-410A. 29. The method of any one of embodiments 18, 20, and 25-28, wherein the composition exhibits a cooling capacity within about ±15% of the cooling capacity of R-410A. 30. The method of any one of embodiments 18, 20, and 25-29, wherein the composition exhibits a temperature glide of about 7° C. or less. 31. An air conditioning system, a heat pump system, or a refrigeration system comprising the composition of any one of embodiments 1 to 15. 32. An air conditioning system, heat pump system, or refrigeration system as described in embodiment 31, wherein the system comprises an evaporator, a compressor, a condenser, and an expansion device. 33. An air conditioning system, heat pump system, or refrigeration system as described in embodiment 31 or 32, wherein the system comprises one or more heat exchangers operating in countercurrent mode or in cross-current mode with countercurrent tendency.

[0260] Although the present invention has been described in conjunction with its detailed description, it should be understood that the foregoing description is intended to illustrate, but not to limit, the scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims. Other aspects, advantages, and modifications are within the scope of the following claims. It should be understood by those skilled in the art to which the present invention pertains that any of the features described herein with respect to any particular aspect and / or embodiment of the present invention can be combined with any one or more of the other features of any other aspect and / or embodiment of the present invention described herein, with appropriate modifications to ensure compatibility of the combination. Such combinations are considered to be part of the invention contemplated by this disclosure.

Claims

1. about 44 weight percent difluoromethane (R-32); about 29 weight percent 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (R-134a); About 27 weight percent trifluoroiodomethane (CF 3 I) and A composition comprising:

2. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the composition is non-flammable.

3. The composition comprises difluoromethane (R-32), 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (R-134a), and trifluoroiodomethane (CF 3 The composition of claim 1 consisting essentially of I).

4. 13. A process for producing cooling comprising condensing the composition of claim 1 and then evaporating said composition in the vicinity of a body to be cooled.

5. 13. A process for producing heat, comprising evaporating the composition of claim 1 and then condensing said composition in the vicinity of a body to be heated.

6. 13. A method of replacing R-410A in a refrigeration, air conditioning, or heat pump system, comprising the step of providing a composition of claim 1 as a replacement for said R-410A.

7. The method of claim 6, wherein the composition is non-flammable.

8. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the composition exhibits a cooling capacity within a range of about ±10% to about ±20% of the cooling capacity of R-410A.

9. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the composition exhibits a cooling capacity within about ±15% of the cooling capacity of R-410A.

10. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the composition exhibits a temperature glide of about 5° C. or less.

11. 13. An air conditioning system, a heat pump system, or a refrigeration system comprising the composition of claim 1.

12. 12. The air conditioning, heat pump, or refrigeration system of claim 11, wherein the system comprises an evaporator, a compressor, a condenser, and an expansion device.

13. 12. An air conditioning, heat pump or refrigeration system according to claim 11, wherein the system comprises one or more heat exchangers operating in a counter-flow mode or a cross-flow mode with a counter-flow tendency.

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