Technique for device-to-device communication

Abstract

To provide a device-to-device (D2D) communication technique that avoids or mitigates a hidden node problem for directional radio communications.SOLUTION: A technique for transmitting and receiving data from a second radio device to a first radio device includes: determining one or more radio resources based on radio signals received at the first radio device, the one or more radio resources comprising at least one spatial stream among different spatial streams receivable at the first radio device; transmitting a status message indicative of the one or more determined radio resources to the second radio device; and receiving, by the first radio device, the data from the second radio device on at least one radio resource depending on the one or more radio resources indicated in the transmitted status message.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 3

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] The present disclosure relates to device-to-device communication. More particularly, and without limitation, a method and device for allocating radio resources in direct communication between wireless devices is provided. [Background technology]

[0002] Wireless communication for road traffic can actively avoid accidents and improve traffic efficiency. For this purpose, vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V), vehicle-to-pedestrian (V2P) and vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) communications, collectively referred to as vehicle-to-anything (V2X) communications, require high reliability and low end-to-end (E2E) latency, which can be achieved by device-to-device (D2D) communications, i.e. direct communications involving direct packet transmission between wireless devices participating in the traffic.

[0003] The 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) has extended the Long Term Evolution (LTE) platform by building V2X communications on Proximity-based Services (ProSe, also known as LTE D2D) since Release 12 of LTE. V2X communications, as described for example in document 3GPP TS22.185, version 14.3.0, includes improvements that target specific characteristics of vehicular communications, such as high speeds (e.g., up to 250 km / h) and high density of wireless devices (e.g., thousands of neighboring nodes).

[0004] To improve system-level performance under high density while meeting the latency requirements of V2X communications, 3GPP introduced sidelink (SL) transmission mode 3 and transmission mode 4 (also called resource allocation modes) for V2X communications with and without a Radio Access Network (RAN) infrastructure, respectively. In mode 3, the RAN is responsible for allocating radio resources to the transmitting wireless device (i.e., centralized scheduling), while in mode 4, the transmitting wireless device autonomously selects radio resources for its own transmission (i.e., distributed scheduling).

[0005] Because distributed scheduling requires the transmitting wireless device to implement an access mechanism for carrier sense multiple access (CSMA), distributed scheduling is susceptible to the "hidden node problem" (HNP), which occurs when a transmitting wireless device is within range of a receiving wireless device but out of range of another transmitting wireless device (i.e., a "hidden" node) that is wirelessly communicating with the receiving wireless device. Q. Gao et al., in the paper "Radio resource management of D2D communication", IEEE International Conference on Communication Systems, Macau, 2014, pp. 6-10, propose modifying the access mechanism in the transmitting wireless device to mitigate HNP.

[0006] However, the existing access mechanism relies on a contention window, which causes loss of radio resources in the time domain and increases the latency of wireless communication. Moreover, the existing access mechanism may still lead to HNP when the wireless communication includes a directional wireless transmission directed toward the receiving wireless device. Thus, HNP may occur even if the hidden node is a neighboring node of the transmitting wireless device of the wireless communication. Summary of the Invention

[0007] There is therefore a need for D2D communication techniques that avoid or mitigate the hidden node problem for directional wireless communications. Alternatively or additionally, there is a need for D2D communication techniques that make more efficient use of radio resources.

[0008] With respect to the first method aspect, a method of receiving data from a second wireless device at a first wireless device in wireless communication is provided. The method may include or start determining one or more wireless resources based on a wireless signal received at the first wireless device. The one or more wireless resources may include at least one spatial stream of different spatial streams receivable at the first wireless device. The method may further include or start transmitting a status message to the second wireless device indicating the one or more determined wireless resources. The method may further include or start receiving data from the second wireless device at the first wireless device on at least one wireless resource that depends on the one or more wireless resources indicated in the transmitted status message.

[0009] The wireless communication between the first wireless device and the second wireless device may be device-to-device (D2D) communication. The first wireless device may be referred to as a data receiving wireless device. The second wireless device may be referred to as a data sending wireless device.

[0010] The embodiments enable a data receiving first wireless device to influence, determine and / or control radio resources and / or parameters of a data transmission from a second wireless device to the first wireless device by means of a status message. Based on the radio signals received at the first wireless device, the same or further embodiments can avoid or mitigate hidden node problems for wireless communications, particularly for directional wireless communications, by indicating at least one spatial stream in a status message.

[0011] The first wireless device may detect and / or avoid a wireless resource collision at the first wireless device based on the received wireless signal. By sending a status message to the second wireless device, at least one wireless resource used for data transmission may be corrected and / or controlled in case of collision detection and / or for collision avoidance.

[0012] Alternatively or additionally, embodiments may reduce wireless communication latency and / or use wireless resources more efficiently, for example, because the second wireless device may rely on one or more indicated wireless resources for data transmission. More specifically, for example, by using at least one wireless resource that relies on the status message for data transmission, a contention resolution mechanism or contention window may be avoided.

[0013] The technique may be implemented as D2D or direct communication between two or more wireless devices. The wireless network may comprise a first wireless device and a second wireless device. The wireless network may be a vehicular network and / or an ad-hoc network. The wireless network may comprise multiple wireless devices.

[0014] The status message may indicate one or more radio resources in time (e.g., for slots, subframes or delays), one or more radio resources in frequency (e.g., for subcarriers), and / or one or more radio resources in space (e.g., for precoding, coherent combining, or spatial streams), or a combination thereof (e.g., for resource blocks for each of at least one spatial stream).

[0015] The wireless signal may be received at the first wireless device from an interferer, one or more wireless devices of the wireless network, a wireless source other than the first wireless device, and / or a wireless source external to the wireless network. The wireless resource determined based on such a received wireless signal may be indicated in the status message as being excluded. Alternatively or additionally, the wireless signal may be received at the first wireless device from a second wireless device, and may carry, for example, previously transmitted data or a reference signal. The wireless resource determined based on such a received wireless signal may be indicated in the status message as being preferred.

[0016] At least one of the wireless devices, e.g., the first wireless device and / or the second wireless device, may be configured to exchange data with or forward data to / from the Internet and / or the host computer. At least one of the wireless devices, e.g., the first wireless device and / or the second wireless device, may act as a gateway to the Internet and / or the host computer. For example, data may be sent from the host computer to the first wireless device through the second wireless device. Data from the host computer may include media streams (e.g., video or music), network feeds (e.g., sequences of images and text), search engine results (e.g., a list of universal resource locators), speech recognition services (audio streams of synthetic voice from the host computer responsive to recorded audio streams sent to the host computer), location-specific information (e.g., objects for rendering augmented reality), and / or program code (e.g., for a mobile application or “app”).

[0017] The first wireless device and / or the second wireless device may include an antenna array. The first wireless device may use the antenna array to receive wireless signals for determination and / or to receive data. The second wireless device may use the antenna array to transmit data. The wireless communication may use a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) channel.

[0018] The wireless communication may be directional wireless communication. The directional wireless communication may include directional transmission and / or directional reception. Examples for directional wireless transmission may include at least one of precoding an antenna array at a transmitting wireless device (e.g., for beamforming transmission), coherently combining an antenna array at a receiving wireless device (e.g., for beamforming reception), and shadowing (e.g., disturbed wireless propagation) between transmitting devices.

[0019] The first method aspect may be implemented as a method for selecting transmission and / or reception resources as one or more indicated radio resources. The first method aspect may be implemented as a method for the first wireless device to propose or recommend, and / or reject or disparage, the determined one or more radio resources and some transmission parameters to one or more other (e.g., surrounding) second wireless devices by a status message. Herein, the radio resource may encompass some transmission and / or reception parameters, for example, a radio propagation direction or a precoding matrix of a directional gain for data transmission from the second wireless device, and / or a directional gain or a combining vector for data reception at the first wireless device. The transmission and / or reception parameters may define at least one spatial stream.

[0020] At least one radio resource that is dependent on the one or more radio resources indicated in the status message may further depend on a result of a channel sensing procedure performed at the second wireless device.

[0021] At least one radio resource used for data transmission from the second wireless device or for data reception at the first wireless device, respectively, may depend on one or more radio resources indicated in the transmitted status message. For example, the one or more radio resources indicated in the status message may include at least one radio resource used for data communication. The one or more radio resources indicated in the status message may include locally free, predetermined, and / or preferred radio resources for data communication. Alternatively or additionally, the at least one radio resource used for data communication may be different from the radio resource indicated in the status message, be a subset of the radio resources indicated in the status message, or all the radio resources indicated in the status message. The one or more radio resources indicated in the status message may include locally occupied, excluded, and / or disadvantaged radio resources for data communication. As used herein, "locally" may refer to the location or vicinity of the first wireless device. Alternatively or additionally, "locally" may refer to the result of wireless signal reception at the first wireless device. For example, the indicated spatial stream may have a maximum signal-to-noise and / or interference ratio at the receiving first wireless device.

[0022] The first wireless device may be equipped with multiple antenna ports, and different spatial streams may correspond to combining signals from the multiple antenna ports with different combining vectors for beamforming reception at the first wireless device.

[0023] The signal combination may include coherent combining of received antenna signals or baseband signals. The signals may be combined by multiplying each of the signals with a component of an applied combining vector corresponding to the antenna port and adding the multiplied signals. Multiplying the components may correspond to a phase shift or a complex gain. The combining vector may be applied in the analog domain (e.g., by a phase shifter) and / or in the digital domain (e.g., by a signal processor) of the first wireless device. Alternatively or additionally, different spatial streams may correspond to different directional gains at the first device.

[0024] The beamforming reception at the first wireless device may be the receiving end of a MIMO channel or a single-input multiple-output (SIMO) channel for wireless communication from the second wireless device to the first wireless device.

[0025] The status message may indicate at least one spatial stream corresponding to beamforming reception at the first wireless device by indicating a spatial degree of freedom (DoF) of the beamforming reception at the first wireless device.

[0026] The status message may indicate at least one spatial stream by indicating, for example, a (e.g., maximum or preferred) rank or spatial degrees of freedom (DoF) of the wireless communication for reception at the first wireless device in the presence of interference arriving at the first wireless device in a direction other than the direction of data reception and / or in a direction that suppresses interference, and / or by indicating preparation for beamforming or directional reception at the first wireless device.

[0027] The second wireless device may be equipped with multiple antenna ports, and different spatial streams may correspond to different precoding vectors applied to the multiple antenna ports for beamforming transmission at the second wireless device.

[0028] The signal to be transmitted may be split into coherent antenna signals, each multiplied by one component of the applied precoding vector and transmitted through a corresponding one of the antenna ports. Multiplying the components may correspond to a phase shift or a complex gain. The precoding vector may be applied in the analog domain (e.g., by a phase shifter) and / or in the digital domain (e.g., by a signal processor) of the second wireless device. Alternatively or additionally, different spatial streams may correspond to different directional gains at the second device.

[0029] The antenna ports at the first wireless device and / or the second wireless device may correspond to antenna elements of an antenna array at the respective wireless device For example, each antenna port may correspond to a different antenna element or may be coupled to one of a disjoint set of antenna elements.

[0030] A multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) channel between a first wireless device and a second wireless device may include different spatial streams.

[0031] The wireless signals received at the first wireless device for the determination may include wireless signals from wireless sources other than the second wireless device. The one or more determined wireless resources may suppress or not be interfered with by wireless signals from other wireless sources.

[0032] The one or more determined radio resources may suppress radio signals from other wireless sources by bypassing the radio signals from the other wireless sources in time, frequency and / or spatial streams.

[0033] The combining vector of each of the at least one spatial stream included in the one or more determined radio resources may be orthogonal to combining vectors corresponding to wireless signals from other wireless sources.

[0034] A wireless signal from another wireless source may be received in a first direction at the first wireless device. A spatial stream included in the one or more determined wireless resources may have a maximum receiver gain in a second direction at the first wireless device. The second direction may be different from the first direction. More specifically, a spatial stream included in the one or more determined wireless resources may correspond to a directional antenna gain that is minimum in the first direction.

[0035] The wireless signal received at the first wireless device for the determination may include a reference signal or interference. The one or more wireless resources may be determined based on a received power of the wireless signal measured at the first wireless device.

[0036] The received power may include at least one of a reference signal received power (RSRP), a reference signal strength indicator (RSSI), a noise power level, and an interference power level.

[0037] The received power of the radio signal from the other radio source may be measured at the first wireless device on each of the one or more determined radio resources that suppress or are not interfered with by the radio signal from the other wireless source.

[0038] The status message may indicate two or more radio resources and a numerical preference or preference level associated with each of the indicated radio resources. The numerical preference or preference level may depend on a received power measured on the corresponding radio resource and / or an interference measured on the corresponding radio resource.

[0039] The status message may indicate one or more radio resources that are preferred for data reception.

[0040] The status message may indicate a preference level for each of the one or more preferred radio resources.

[0041] The status message may indicate one or more radio resources that are preferred for data reception if the received power measured on the respective one or more preferred radio resources is less than a predefined threshold.

[0042] The status message may further indicate a priority of other data from another wireless source to be transmitted on one or more of the preferred wireless resources.

[0043] The priority of the other data (or corresponding data packets) may depend on at least one of a type of service underlying the other data, a quality of service (QoS) class identifier (QCI) for the other data, and a destination of the other data. The first wireless device may derive the priority from a booking message transmitted from the other wireless device. The second wireless device may postpone the transmission of the second wireless device or use another wireless resource (e.g., of the indicated wireless resources) if the priority of its data to be transmitted is less than the priority indicated in the status message.

[0044] The status message may indicate one or more radio resources that are excluded for data reception.

[0045] A preferred radio resource may be associated with a positive preference level, and an excluded radio resource may be associated with a negative preference level.

[0046] The status message may indicate one or more radio resources that are excluded for data reception if the received power measured on the respective one or more excluded radio resources is greater than a predefined threshold.

[0047] The status message may further indicate, for example, a common value for the preferred radio resources and / or a threshold for the excluded radio resources, or both.

[0048] The wireless signal received at the first wireless device for the determination may include a booking message (or other scheduling announcement) indicating the scheduled transmission. The one or more wireless resources are determined based on the scheduled transmission, for example, by decoding the booking message at the first wireless device.

[0049] The scheduled transmission indicated by the booking message may relate to future interference at the first wireless device. The one or more determined radio resources may bypass the scheduled transmission in time and / or frequency. The booking message may be received at the first wireless device from a wireless device of the wireless network other than the second wireless device.

[0050] The wireless signals received at the first wireless device for the determination may include a reference signal from a second wireless device, and a combining vector for each of the at least one spatial stream (e.g., included in one or more determined wireless resources) may correspond to a maximum-ratio combining (MRC) of the wireless signals from the second wireless device.

[0051] The combining vector used for receiver beamforming at the first wireless device may correspond to a combining vector measured for a wireless signal received at the first wireless device from the second wireless device.

[0052] The different wireless signals received from the second wireless device for the determination may be precoded by different precoding vectors. The different precoding vectors may be associated with different signal identifiers encoded in the different wireless signals. The status message may indicate at least one spatial stream (included in the one or more determined wireless resources) by including a reference to the corresponding one or more signal identifiers.

[0053] The signal identifier may be encoded in the wireless signal from the second wireless device, for example, using a different signal sequence and / or a different radio resource pattern in time and / or frequency.

[0054] The determined and / or indicated radio resource(s) may be a combination of at least one spatial stream and a constraint in at least one of the time domain and the frequency domain. For example, each determined and / or indicated radio resource may define a combination of one spatial stream (and spatial radio resource, e.g., one precoding vector, one combination vector, or both), one frequency range (e.g., one or more subcarriers), and one time period (e.g., one or more subframes or slots). The constraint may depend on the radio signal received at the first wireless device and / or the receiver capabilities of the first wireless device.

[0055] A time division multiplexing (TDM) pattern and / or a frequency division multiplexing (FDM) pattern may indicate constraints in at least one of the time and frequency domains. The pattern indicating the constraints may be transmitted in a status message or in a separate status message that also indicates at least one spatial stream (e.g., in a two-bit field, respectively).

[0056] The wireless communication may include a half-duplex communication link between a first wireless device and a second wireless device, and the first wireless device may exclude time resources from one or more designated radio resources for transmission from the first wireless device to the second wireless device.

[0057] The wireless network may comprise multiple embodiments of the first wireless device and / or multiple embodiments of the second wireless device. Different status messages indicating different spatial streams may be sent to different second wireless devices.

[0058] The first wireless device may be capable of simultaneously receiving a maximum number of independent wireless signals. Determining the one or more wireless resources may include determining available wireless resources based on the received wireless signals and selecting a subset of the available wireless resources that provides the maximum number of simultaneously receivable wireless signals.

[0059] The status message may be transmitted on a physical sidelink control channel (PSCCH) and / or using sidelink control information (SCI). The status message may include one or more bit fields that indicate the one or more determined radio resources.

[0060] The status message may be transmitted in an information field of the SCI, a physical sidelink data channel, a physical sidelink shared channel (PSSCH), and / or a dedicated or dedicated physical channel specifically designed for transmitting status messages. Alternatively or additionally, the status message, or a copy of the status message, may be transmitted to the base station on an uplink physical channel.

[0061] The method may further include or initiate a step of transmitting user data from the first wireless device to the second wireless device. The status message and the user data may be included in the same data packet transmitted from the first wireless device to the second wireless device.

[0062] The status message may be at least one of transmitted periodically (eg, from the second wireless device) and transmitted upon request.

[0063] The status message may be transmitted in at least one of a unicast mode, a multicast mode, and a broadcast mode. For example, the status message may be broadcast periodically. Alternatively or additionally, the status message may be transmitted in a unicast mode to the second wireless device in response to a request received from the second wireless device.

[0064] The transmission of the status message may be triggered, for example, by a change in one or more determined radio resources compared to one or more radio resources previously indicated to the second wireless device.

[0065] The wireless signal for determining the one or more wireless resources may be received in a channel sensing procedure at the first wireless device. The status message may further indicate an ability to perform a channel sensing process at the first wireless device.

[0066] The status message may indicate the extent of the channel sensing procedure performed by the first wireless device, for example, whether full or partial sensing is performed, which may differ in terms of the duration of the channel sensing (e.g., a sensing window) and / or the radio bandwidth.

[0067] Regarding a second method aspect, a method of transmitting data from a second wireless device to a first wireless device in wireless communication is provided. The method may include or start receiving a status message from the first wireless device indicating one or more wireless resources based on a wireless signal received at the first wireless device. The one or more wireless resources may include at least one spatial stream of different spatial streams receivable at the first wireless device. The method may further include or start determining at least one wireless resource based on the one or more wireless resources indicated in the received status message. The method may further include or start transmitting data to the first wireless device using the determined at least one wireless resource.

[0068] A second method aspect may be implemented as a method for the second wireless device to take into account one or more radio resources indicated in a status message when determining (e.g., selecting) at least one radio resource for data transmission. The received status message may suggest or recommend, and / or reject or disfavor, one or more of the indicated radio resources. Optionally, the second wireless device may combine the suggestions indicated in the status message with the results of its own local sensing procedure (briefly, channel sensing), for example, during or as part of a radio resource selection process (briefly, sensing-based radio resource selection) at the second wireless device for data transmission.

[0069] The second wireless device may receive multiple status messages, for example, from multiple first wireless devices as (e.g., addressed or potential) receivers of a data transmission. In other words, the second wireless device may obtain multiple proposals. The second wireless device may combine the multiple proposals with the results of its own local sensing procedure to determine at least one radio resource.

[0070] The at least one radio resource may relate to a time of data transmission (e.g., one or more slots or subframes used for transmission), a frequency of data transmission (e.g., one or more subcarriers used for transmission), and / or a spatial stream used for data transmission. For example, determining the at least one radio resource may include determining whether to transmit or delay transmission and / or determine transmission resources and / or transmission parameters.

[0071] The method may further include or initiate a step of determining one or more radio resources based on the radio signal received at the second wireless device. The determination of the at least one radio resource used for transmission may depend on a combination of the radio resources indicated by the first wireless device and the radio resources determined by the second wireless device.

[0072] The determination of one or more radio resources based on the radio signal received at the second wireless device may be part of a channel sensing procedure (also local sensing), in particular a sensing-based radio resource allocation, performed by the second wireless device. The at least one radio resource may be determined based on one or more radio resources indicated in the status message and further based on a result of the local sensing, i.e., a combination of the radio resources indicated by the first wireless device and the radio resources determined by the second wireless device.

[0073] The status message may further indicate a priority of other data to be transmitted on one or more of the radio resources indicated (e.g., preferred) in the status message. The determination of the at least one radio resource used for the transmission of the data may depend on a comparison of a priority associated with the data transmitted by the second wireless device and the priority indicated in the status message. The data may be transmitted if (e.g., only if) the associated priority is higher than the indicated priority.

[0074] The determination of the at least one radio resource for data transmission may be based on one or more radio resources indicated in the status message if (e.g., only if) a time gap between receipt of the status message and the data transmission is less than a predefined threshold. For example, the status message or each indicated radio resource may be associated with an expiration time.

[0075] Such a status message may be received from multiple such first wireless devices. The determination of the at least one radio resource to be used for transmission may depend on a combination of radio resources indicated by the multiple first wireless devices.

[0076] Alternatively or additionally, such a status message may be received from a plurality of first wireless devices of the mesh wireless network. The method may further include or initiate a step of selecting a first wireless device among the plurality of first wireless devices for transmission of data based on the status message. Wireless communication from the second wireless device to the selected first wireless device may provide a hop in a multi-hop wireless communication of the data.

[0077] Alternatively or additionally, such status messages are received from a plurality of first wireless devices (e.g., intended receivers of the data). The determination may include determining a transmission mode among a unicasting mode and a multicasting mode for the data transmission according to an overlap of preferred wireless sources indicated by the status messages. For example, the determination may include deriving a precoding vector from spatial streams indicated by the plurality of first wireless devices for transmission in the unicast mode.

[0078] The second method aspect may further include any feature or include or initiate any step disclosed in the context of the first method aspect or the corresponding feature or step. Moreover, the first method aspect may be implemented in or by the first wireless device. Alternatively or in combination, the second method aspect may be implemented in or by the second wireless device. The first wireless device and the second wireless device may be separate. The first wireless device and the second wireless device may be in data or signal communication exclusively by wireless communication.

[0079] In any aspect, the first wireless device and the second wireless device may form or be part of a wireless network. The wireless network may be, for example, a vehicular, ad-hoc and / or mesh network according to the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) or according to the standard family IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi). The first method aspect may be implemented by one or more embodiments of the first wireless device in the wireless network. The second method aspect may be implemented by one or more embodiments of the second wireless device in the wireless network.

[0080] Any of the first and second radio devices may be mobile or wireless radio devices, for example, 3GPP user equipment (UE) or Wi-Fi station (STA). The first radio device and / or the second radio device may be a mobile or portable station, a device for machine type communication (MTC), a device for narrowband Internet of Things (NB-IoT), or a combination thereof. Examples for UE and mobile stations include mobile phones, tablet computers, and autonomous vehicles. Examples for portable stations include laptop computers and television sets. Examples for MTC or NB-IoT devices include robots, sensors, and / or actuators, for example, in manufacturing, automotive communication, and home automation. MTC or NB-IoT devices may be implemented in manufacturing plants, household appliances, and consumer electronics.

[0081] Any of the wireless devices may be wirelessly connected or connectable (e.g., according to a radio resource control (RRC) state or active mode) to a base station, also referred to as a transmitting and receiving point (TRP), radio access node or access point (AP). A radio access network (RAN) may include one or more of the base stations. Herein, a base station may encompass any station configured to provide wireless access to any of the first and second wireless devices. Alternatively or additionally, at least one of the wireless devices may function as a gateway between the wireless network and the RAN and / or the Internet, particularly for a data link to a host computer that provides data. Examples for base stations may include 3G base stations or Node Bs, 4G base stations or eNode Bs, 5G base stations or gNode Bs, Wi-Fi APs, and network controllers (e.g., via Bluetooth, ZigBee, or Z-Wave).

[0082] The RAN may be implemented in accordance with Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM), Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS), 3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE), and / or 3GPP New Radio (NR).

[0083] Any embodiment of the first and second wireless devices may selectively implement corresponding method aspects in a mode for autonomous resource selection or distributed scheduling, e.g., when the first wireless device and / or the second wireless device of the wireless communication are outside the coverage of the RAN.

[0084] The wireless communication may be a D2D sidelink (SL, e.g., 3GPP D2D SL) with distributed scheduling and / or according to 3GPP SL transmission mode 4. The techniques may conform to or extend at least one of documents 3GPP TS 24.386, e.g., version 14.3.0, documents 3GPP TS 23.303, e.g., version 14.1.0, documents 3GPP TS 23.285, e.g., version 14.5.0, and documents 3GPP TS 22.185, e.g., version 14.3.0.

[0085] Any aspect of the present technique may be implemented on a physical layer (PHY), a medium access control (MAC) layer, a radio link control (RLC) layer, and / or a radio resource control (RRC) layer of a protocol stack for wireless communication.

[0086] Regarding another aspect, a computer program product is provided. The computer program product includes program code portions for performing any one of the steps of the method aspects disclosed herein when the computer program product is executed by one or more computing devices. The computer program product may be stored in a computer-readable recording medium. The computer program product may also be provided for downloading via a wireless network, a RAN, the Internet and / or a host computer. Alternatively or additionally, the method may be coded in a field programmable gate array (FPGA) and / or an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), or the functionality may be provided for downloading by a hardware description language.

[0087] With regard to the first device aspect, a first wireless device is provided for receiving data from a second wireless device at the first wireless device in wireless communication. The first wireless device may be configured to perform any one of the steps of the first method aspect. Alternatively or additionally, the first wireless device may comprise a determining unit configured to determine one or more wireless resources based on a wireless signal received at the first wireless device, the one or more wireless resources including at least one spatial stream of different spatial streams receivable at the first wireless device. Alternatively or additionally, the first wireless device may comprise a transmitting unit configured to transmit a status message to the second wireless device indicating the one or more determined wireless resources. Alternatively or additionally, the first wireless device may comprise a receiving unit configured to receive data from the second wireless device at the first wireless device on at least one wireless resource dependent on the one or more wireless resources indicated in the transmitted status message.

[0088] With regard to a second device aspect, a second wireless device is provided for transmitting data from the second wireless device to the first wireless device in wireless communication. The second wireless device may be configured to perform any one of the steps of the second method aspect. Alternatively or additionally, the second wireless device may comprise a receiving unit configured to receive from the first wireless device a status message indicating one or more wireless resources based on a wireless signal received at the first wireless device, the one or more wireless resources including at least one spatial stream of different spatial streams receivable at the first wireless device. Alternatively or additionally, the second wireless device may comprise a determining unit configured to determine at least one wireless resource based on the one or more wireless resources indicated in the received status message. Alternatively or additionally, the second wireless device may comprise a transmitting unit configured to transmit data to the first wireless device using the determined at least one wireless resource.

[0089] With regard to a further first device aspect, a first wireless device for receiving data from a second wireless device at the first wireless device in wireless communication is provided. The first wireless device comprises at least one processor and a memory. The memory may comprise instructions executable by the at least one processor, whereby the first wireless device is operable to determine one or more wireless resources based on a wireless signal received at the first wireless device, the one or more wireless resources including at least one spatial stream of different spatial streams receivable at the first wireless device. Execution of the instructions may further cause the first wireless device to be operable to transmit a status message to the second wireless device indicating the one or more determined wireless resources. Execution of the instructions may further cause the first wireless device to be operable to receive data from the second wireless device at the first wireless device on at least one wireless resource that depends on the one or more wireless resources indicated in the transmitted status message.

[0090] With regard to a further second device aspect, a second wireless device for transmitting data from a second wireless device to a first wireless device in a wireless communication is provided. The second wireless device comprises at least one processor and a memory. The memory may comprise instructions executable by the at least one processor, whereby the second wireless device is operable to receive from the first wireless device a status message indicating one or more wireless resources based on a wireless signal received at the first wireless device, the one or more wireless resources including at least one spatial stream of different spatial streams receivable at the first wireless device. Execution of the instructions may further cause the second wireless device to be operable to determine the at least one wireless resource based on the one or more wireless resources indicated in the received status message. Execution of the instructions may further cause the second wireless device to be operable to transmit data to the first wireless device using the determined at least one wireless resource.

[0091] With respect to yet a further aspect, a communication system is provided that includes a host computer. The host computer may comprise processing circuitry configured to provide user data, for example dependent on the location of the UE determined in the location determination step. The host computer may further comprise a communication interface configured to forward the user data to a cellular network for transmission to a user equipment (UE), the UE comprising a wireless interface and processing circuitry, the processing circuitry of the cellular network configured to perform any one of the steps of the first and / or second method aspects.

[0092] The communication system may further include a UE. Alternatively or additionally, the cellular network may further include one or more base stations and / or gateways configured to communicate with the UE and / or provide a data link between the UE and a host computer using the first method aspect and / or the second method aspect.

[0093] The processing circuitry of the host computer may be configured to execute a host application, thereby providing user data and / or any host computer functionality described herein. Alternatively or additionally, the processing circuitry of the UE may be configured to execute a client application associated with the host application.

[0094] The first and second wireless devices (e.g., UEs), base stations, systems, or any nodes or stations for embodying the present technique may further include any features disclosed in the context of the method aspects, and vice versa. In particular, any one of the units and modules, or a dedicated unit or module, may be configured to perform or initiate one or more of the steps of the method aspects.

[0095] Further details of embodiments of the present technique will be described with reference to the enclosed drawings. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0096] [Figure 1] 1 is a schematic block diagram of a first wireless device for receiving data from a second wireless device in a wireless communication. [Diagram 2] 2 is a schematic block diagram of a second wireless device for transmitting data from the second wireless device to the first wireless device in wireless communication. [Diagram 3]2 is a flowchart for a method of receiving data at a first wireless device from a second wireless device in wireless communication that may be implementable by the first wireless device of FIG. 1. [Figure 4] 3 is a flowchart for a method of transmitting data from a second wireless device to a first wireless device in a wireless communication that may be implementable by the second wireless device of FIG. 2. [Diagram 5] FIG. 3 illustrates a schematic diagram of an exemplary environment comprising an embodiment of the wireless device of FIGS. 1 and 2. [Figure 6A] FIG. 1 illustrates a schematic comparison example of a wireless environment including wireless devices in directional wireless communication that are susceptible to the hidden node problem. [Figure 6B] FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of a wireless environment including embodiments of the wireless devices of FIGS. 1 and 2 in directional wireless communication. [Figure 7] 3 is a schematic signaling diagram resulting from an embodiment of the wireless device of FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 in directional wireless communication. [Figure 8] 3A and 3B are schematic diagrams illustrating embodiments of the wireless devices of FIGS. 1 and 2 in directional wireless communication using at least one spatial stream formed in the first wireless device of FIG. 1; [Figure 9] 3A and 3B are schematic diagrams illustrating embodiments of the wireless devices of FIGS. 1 and 2 in directional wireless communication using at least one spatial stream formed in the second wireless device of FIG. 2. [Figure 10] A diagram illustrating an embodiment of the wireless devices of Figures 1 and 2 in directional wireless communication using at least one spatial stream formed in both the first wireless device of Figure 1 and the second wireless device of Figure 2. [Figure 11] 2 is a schematic block diagram of one embodiment of the first wireless device of FIG. 1; [Figure 12] 3 is a schematic block diagram of an embodiment of the second wireless device of FIG. 2. [Figure 13]FIG. 1 illustrates a schematic diagram of a communications network connected to a host computer via an intermediate network. [Figure 14] FIG. 1 is a generalized block diagram of a host computer communicating with user equipment via a wireless device acting as a base station or gateway over a partially wireless connection. [Figure 15] 1 is a flow chart for a method implemented in a communication system including a host computer, a wireless device acting as a base station or gateway, and user equipment. [Figure 16] 1 is a flow chart for a method implemented in a communication system including a host computer, a wireless device acting as a base station or gateway, and user equipment. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0097] In the following description, for purposes of explanation and not limitation, specific details are described, such as a specific network environment, to provide a thorough understanding of the techniques disclosed herein. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present techniques may be implemented in other embodiments that deviate from these specific details. Moreover, although the following embodiments are primarily described for New Radio (NR) or 5G implementations, it is readily apparent that the techniques described herein may also be implemented for any other wireless communication techniques, including 3GPP LTE (e.g., LTE Advanced, or related radio access techniques such as MulteFire) in wireless local area networks (WLANs) according to the standard family IEEE 802.11, for Bluetooth according to the Bluetooth Special Interest Group (SIG), in particular Bluetooth Low Energy, Bluetooth Mesh Networking and Bluetooth Broadcasting, for Z-Wave according to the Z-Wave Alliance, or for ZigBee based on IEEE 802.15.4.

[0098] Moreover, those skilled in the art will appreciate that the functions, steps, units and modules described herein may be implemented using software operating in conjunction with a programmed microprocessor, an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field programmable gate array (FPGA), a digital signal processor (DSP), or a general purpose computer including, for example, an advanced RISC machine (ARM). Although the following embodiments are described primarily in the context of involving methods and devices, it will be appreciated that the invention may also be embodied in a computer program product, as well as in a system comprising at least one computer processor and a memory coupled to the at least one processor, the memory being encoded with one or more programs that may perform the functions and steps or implement the units and modules disclosed herein.

[0099] Furthermore, the embodiments described herein may be combined, e.g., partially or completely. For example, features designated by like reference signs may correspond to equivalent or alternative implementations of said features and may be individually interchangeable between the embodiments described herein. Although embodiments of the present technique are described in the context of V2X communication, such embodiments are readily applicable to any other direct communication between wireless devices, e.g., in other scenarios involving D2D communication.

[0100] 1 illustrates generally a block diagram of a first wireless device for receiving data from a second wireless device, the first wireless device being generally referred to by the reference numeral 100.

[0101] The first wireless device 100 may be referred to simply as a receiving device or receiver. The second wireless device may be referred to simply as a sending device or transmitter. The receiving device 100 and the sending device are in wireless communication for at least data reception at the receiving device 100.

[0102] The receiving device 100 comprises a resource determination module 102 that determines one or more radio resources based on a radio signal received at the receiving device 100. The one or more determined radio resources include at least one spatial stream of a plurality of spatial streams receivable at the receiving device 100. The receiving device 100 further comprises a status transmission module 104 that transmits a status message to the transmitting device indicating the one or more determined radio resources. The receiving device 100 further comprises a data reception module 106 that receives data from the transmitting device on at least one radio resource that depends on the one or more radio resources indicated in the transmitted status message.

[0103] Any of the modules of the receiving device 100 may be implemented by a unit configured to provide the corresponding functionality.

[0104] 2 illustrates generally a block diagram of a second wireless device for transmitting data to a first wireless device, the second wireless device being generally referred to by the reference numeral 200.

[0105] The first wireless device may be referred to simply as a receiving device or receiver. The second wireless device 200 may be referred to simply as a transmitting device or transmitter. The receiving device and the transmitting device 200 are in wireless communication at least for data transmission from the transmitting device 200.

[0106] The transmitting device 200 comprises a status receiving module 202 for receiving a status message from a receiving device indicating one or more radio resources based on a radio signal received at the receiving device. The one or more indicated radio resources include at least one spatial stream of a plurality of spatial streams receivable at the receiving device. The transmitting device 200 further comprises a resource determining module 204 for determining at least one radio resource based on the one or more radio resources indicated in the received status message. The transmitting device 200 further comprises a data transmitting module 206 for transmitting data to the receiving device using the determined at least one radio resource.

[0107] Any of the modules of device 200 may be implemented by a unit configured to provide the corresponding functionality.

[0108] An embodiment of the receiving device 100 and / or the transmitting device 200 may select transmission resources and / or some transmission parameters to be used for wireless communication. One aspect of the present technique allows the receiving device 100 to propose transmission resources and / or transmission parameters to other wireless devices by means of a status message, e.g., using the results of its own sensing-based radio resource selection. Another aspect of the technique allows the transmitting device 200 to select transmission resources and / or transmission parameters, e.g., by taking into account suggestions from other wireless devices within its own sensing-based radio resource selection.

[0109] 3 shows a flow chart for a method 300 of receiving data from a transmitting device at a receiving device in wireless communication. The method 300 includes or starts with a step 302 of determining one or more radio resources based on a radio signal received at the receiving device. The one or more radio resources include at least one spatial stream of different spatial streams receivable at the receiving device. The method 300 further includes or starts with a step 304 of transmitting a status message to the transmitting device indicating the one or more determined radio resources. Moreover, the method 300 further includes or starts with a step 306 of receiving data from the transmitting device on the at least one radio resource. The at least one radio resource depends on the one or more radio resources indicated in the transmitted status message.

[0110] The method 300 may be performed by the receiving device 100. For example, modules 102, 104, and 106 may perform steps 302, 304, and 306, respectively.

[0111] 4 shows a flow chart for a method 400 of transmitting data from a transmitting device to a receiving device in wireless communication. The method 400 includes or starts with a step 402 of receiving a status message from the receiving device indicating one or more radio resources based on a radio signal received at the receiving device, the one or more radio resources including at least one spatial stream of a plurality of spatial streams receivable at the receiving device. The method 400 further includes or starts with a step 404 of determining at least one radio resource based on the one or more radio resources indicated in the received status message. Moreover, the method 400 further includes or starts with a step 406 of transmitting data to the receiving device using the determined at least one radio resource.

[0112] The method 400 may be performed by the transmitting device 200. For example, modules 202, 204, and 206 may perform steps 402, 404, and 406, respectively.

[0113] As used herein, any wireless device, e.g., the receiving device 100 and / or the transmitting device 200, may be a mobile or portable station or a wireless device capable of wirelessly connecting to a RAN or another wireless device. Any wireless device may be a user equipment (UE), a device for machine-type communications (MTC), and / or a device for the (e.g., narrowband) Internet of Things (IoT).

[0114] The techniques may be applied to any direct communication between UEs. Method 300 or 400 may be performed by a UE to select transmission and / or reception resources, including transmission and / or reception parameters, for example.

[0115] The method 300 may be implemented by a receiving UE 100, which in step 304 proposes or recommends transmission and / or reception resources, and optionally some transmission and / or reception parameters, to other (e.g., surrounding) UEs, including, for example, the transmitting UE 200, in a status message.

[0116] The method 400 may be implemented by a transmitting UE 200, which takes into account radio resource proposals indicated in received status messages (and optionally combines the received proposals with the results of its own local sensing procedures) during its radio resource selection process 404. Moreover, a transmitting UE 200 that gets multiple proposals (e.g., multiple status messages from different UEs 100) may combine the multiple proposals with the outcome of its own local sensing procedures to decide whether to transmit or delay transmission and / or determine transmission resources and parameters.

[0117] 5 is an illustration of an embodiment of a wireless network 500, e.g., an LTE implementation, including embodiments of wireless devices 100 and / or 200. The embodiment of wireless network 500 includes a V2X scenario. The embodiments of wireless devices 100 and 200 are configured for vehicular communications including direct V2V functionality. Optionally, wireless devices 100 and 200 are further configured for V2X communications, including V2P or V2I functionality.

[0118] In V2V communication, the transmitting wireless device 200 and the receiving device 100 are mounted on or integrated into a vehicle. An embodiment of the receiving device 100 or the transmitting device 200 mounted on or integrated into a vehicle may be referred to as a vehicular UE (or V-UE for short). V2P communication involves V-UE and pedestrian UE (or P-UE for short) as embodiments of the wireless devices 100 and 200. Examples of P-UE include handheld devices and wearable devices.

[0119] P-UE and V-UE may have different sets of requirements and constraints. For example, P-UE is energy constrained, while V-UE is powered by vehicle engine or traction energy storage (e.g., high-voltage battery) and therefore has no power supply constraints on the radio chain or signal processing of V-UE. This implies that V-UE and P-UE have different capabilities for handling V2X communication. For example, V-UE is an advanced radio device compared to P-UE, which may have limited capabilities. Moreover, P-UE may further include different categories, e.g., P-UE with SL Rx / Tx (sidelink receive or transmit) capability and P-UE without SL Rx / Tx capability. The receiving device 100 may be embodied by a P-UE with SL Rx / Tx capability.

[0120] The wireless network 500 may comprise an area of ​​RAN coverage. For example, the wireless network 500 comprises a fixed RAN including at least one base station 502. Each base station 502 serves at least one cell 504. The base station 502 may be an evolved Node B (eNodeB or eNB) or a next generation Node B (gNodeB or gNB).

[0121] V2X operation is possible with and without RAN coverage, and with different degrees of direct interaction between the wireless devices 100 and 200 and / or the RAN. Outside of RAN coverage, the wireless devices 100 and 200 may perform the methods 300 and 400, respectively, in standalone or RAN-less operation. The methods 300 and 400 may be selectively performed when the wireless devices 100 and / or 200 are outside the cell 504 served by the base station 502. However, the methods 300 and 400 may also be performed when the wireless devices 100 and / or 200 are inside the cell 504 served by the base station 502.

[0122] For D2D communication with RAN coverage, e.g., according to 3GPP SL transmission mode 3, the RAN is responsible for allocating radio resources. For D2D communication without RAN coverage, e.g., according to 3GPP SL transmission mode 4, the transmitting device 200 autonomously selects radio resources for its own transmission 406.

[0123] The technique may be implemented using features of 3GPP SL transmission mode 4. That is, the wireless communication between wireless device 100 and wireless device 200 may use 3GPP SL transmission mode 4 for D2D communication. In 3GPP SL transmission mode 4, a distributed selection of radio resources is adopted. There is no central node for scheduling, and the wireless devices play the same role in autonomous resource selection.

[0124] V2X communications over 3GPP New Radio (NR) and / or future releases of 3GPP LTE will not only support broadcast services, for example, unicast and multicast V2X transmissions are important for some enhanced V2X (eV2X) use cases, such as platooning, see-through and cooperative operation.

[0125] In the case of unicast and multicast transmission, directional wireless communication is beneficial to improve data transmission from a source wireless device to at least one target wireless device. For example, directional transmission from the transmitting device 200 may improve data reception at at least one embodiment of the target wireless device, e.g., the receiving device 100 as the target of the data transmission. Furthermore, directional reception at the receiving device 100 may improve data reception. Alternatively or additionally, directional transmission from the transmitting device 200 may reduce interference at other wireless devices that are not the target wireless device of the data transmission. Furthermore, directional reception at the receiving device 100 may reduce interference caused by other transmissions that do not target the receiving device 100.

[0126] Directional communication may include directional transmission and / or directional reception. Directional transmission may be implemented using an antenna array or any other multi-antenna configuration at the transmitting device 200. Directional reception may be implemented using an antenna array or any other multi-antenna configuration at the receiving device 100.

[0127] 3GPP SL transmission mode 4 includes two functionalities: semi-persistent transmission and sensing-based allocation (and selection) of radio resources. At least one of the two functionalities may be combined with the methods 300 and / or 400. For example, the decision 404 may be based on a combination of both channel sensing at the transmitting device 200 and one or more radio resources indicated in a status message received from the receiving device 100.

[0128] To implement sensing-based allocation of radio resources, the transmitting device 200 may sense the channel (e.g., the radio resource indicated as preferred in the status message) for some duration (e.g., during a sensing window) preceding the trigger to select or reselect the trigger for at least one radio resource according to step 404. Channel sensing may include measuring energy on the channel and / or decoding booking messages on the channel. For example, the transmitting device 200 may collect booking messages from other wireless devices in the wireless network 500 (e.g., other embodiments of the transmitting device 200).

[0129] The longer the sensing window for receiving as many booking messages as possible or necessary, the better the performance (e.g., for successfully detecting or avoiding collisions based on observations at the transmitting device 200). The size of the sensing window may be long enough to cover (e.g., nearly) the longest possible booking message, which is referred to as a full sensing procedure. Because a long sensing window may require more energy consumption for channel sensing (e.g., receiving a booking message) and / or because a long sensing window may require the transmitting device 200 to quickly perform complex operations (e.g., decoding a booking message), for some types of transmitting devices 200 (e.g., P-UEs) that are limited in terms of capacity and / or energy, channel sensing may be avoided and / or the length of the sensing window may be constrained.

[0130] For embodiments of the transmitting device 200 with limited capabilities, the sensing-based allocation of radio resources may be implemented using a partial sensing procedure and / or random resource selection. In a partial sensing procedure, the transmitting device 200 may sense only a (suitable) subset of radio resources within the sensing window of the full sensing procedure, e.g., only a (suitable) subset of one or more radio resources indicated in the status message. In random resource selection, at least one radio resource may be randomly selected (i.e., determined in step 404) by the transmitting device 200, i.e., no channel sensing is used. For example, at least one radio resource may be randomly selected in step 404 among one or more radio resources indicated in the status message 604. Herein, the complexity involved in partial sensing may be reduced relative to full sensing in the time domain (e.g., using a shorter sensing window), in the frequency domain (e.g., using a smaller bandwidth), in the spatial domain (e.g., using fewer antenna elements), or in a combination thereof.

[0131] Alternatively or in addition to channel sensing (e.g., during sensing-based allocation in step 404), embodiments of the transmitting device 200 may optionally implement step 406 as a semi-persistent transmission. The semi-persistent transmission includes transmitting a notification message from the transmitting device 200. The notification message is transmitted to the receiving device 100 or broadcast to all wireless devices of the wireless network 500 (e.g., within range of the data transmission 406).

[0132] The notification message informs a wireless device (e.g., another embodiment of the receiving device 100 receiving the notification message, e.g., in step 302) of the intention of the transmitting device 200 to transmit using at least one radio resource at a later time according to step 406. The at least one radio resource may be specified in time, frequency and / or space. For example, the frequency and / or space (i.e., the direction of transmission, e.g., precoding vector) used for the transmission 406 of data may correspond to the frequency and / or space used for the transmission of the notification message. For example, the transmitting device 200 transmitting a notification message at time T may inform a receiver of the notification message that the transmitting device 200 will transmit using the same frequency resource at time T+100 ms. The transmission of the notification message may also be referred to as resource reservation or resource booking. The notification message may also be referred to as a booking message. Resource booking may be beneficial for vehicular applications (e.g., those targeted by 3GPP LTE Release 14) that rely on periodic transmission of packets.

[0133] The reception of a semi-persistent transmission, e.g., a booking message as an example of a wireless signal received according to step 302, allows a wireless device, e.g., an embodiment of the receiving device 100, to predict the utilization of wireless resources in the future. That is, by listening to the current transmission of another wireless device (e.g., an embodiment of the transmitting device 200 and possibly, but not necessarily, one in wireless communication with the receiving device 100 receiving the booking message), the receiving device 100 obtains information about potential future transmissions. This information can be used by the receiving device 100 to avoid collisions when selecting its own resources and / or for the determination 302 of one or more indicated wireless resources.

[0134] For example, the receiving device 100 predicts future utilization of one or more wireless resources by decoding (i.e., reading) the received booking message or messages. Based on the booking message or messages, the receiving device 100 may schedule its current transmission (e.g., a response to the data reception 306) and / or determine one or more indicated wireless resources in step 302 to avoid using the same wireless resources used by the wireless device transmitting the booking message. This may also be referred to as sensing-based wireless resource selection.

[0135] Any embodiment of the receiving device 100 and / or the transmitting device 200 may implement sensing-based resource selection, for example, in steps 302 and 404, respectively. Sensing-based resource selection may be implemented in accordance with 3GPP Release 14 or later, for example, section 14.1.1.6 in document 3GPP TS36.213, version 14.5.0.

[0136] Alternatively or additionally, an exemplary implementation of the sensing-based radio resource selection may include at least one of the following sensing steps: In a first sensing step, all radio resources (e.g., all radio resources receivable at the corresponding wireless device) are considered available. In a second sensing step, the wireless device 100 and / or 200 excludes radio resources based on channel sensing. The channel sensing may include at least one of decoding a scheduling allocation (SA) and / or one or more booking messages for the respective radio resources, e.g., from the base station 502 if in the cell 504, detecting (or measuring) energy for the respective radio resources, and optionally additional conditions. A radio resource is excluded if it is indicated or reserved by the decoded SA. Alternatively or additionally, a radio resource is excluded if the energy or power of the radio resource is greater than a predefined threshold. For example, a radio resource is excluded if the reference signal received power (RSRP) of the radio resource measured on a physical (PHY) sidelink shared channel (PSSCH) in the associated radio resource is above a predefined threshold. In a third detection step, the wireless device measures and ranks the remaining PSSCH resources based on a measurement of the received signal strength indication (RSSI) and selects a subset. The subset is the set of candidate radio resources with the lowest total received energy. The size of the subset is, for example, 20% of the total resources in the selection window. The obtained at least one radio resource is used by the transmitting device 200 for step 406 or the obtained one or more radio resources are indicated by the receiving device 100 according to step 304.

[0137] Advantages achievable by embodiments of the present technique will now be described with reference to Figures 6A and 6B.

[0138] FIG. 6A shows a schematic illustration of a comparative example of a wireless environment including conventional wireless devices 10, 20 and 30, e.g., existing V-UEs. In conventional autonomous resource selection, e.g., a resource allocation scheme for Mode 4 UEs according to 3GPP LTE Release 14 for V2X, resources are selected by the transmitting UE based on its own sensing performance. This mechanism works well, e.g., for SL broadcast, as specified for 3GPP LTE. However, when one or more of the conventional UEs use directional communication, e.g., in the case of directional transmission, conventional autonomous resource selection may not be suitable, as it may lead to the wrong resource being selected by the transmitting UE. The currently existing autonomous resource selection scheme may cause collisions.

[0139] In the case of directional transmission, the conventional autonomous resource selection scheme may not work well, i.e., the resource selected by the transmitting device may not be suitable for signal reception at the receiving device. An example of a collision is shown in FIG. 6A. In this example, the wireless device 30 intends to use resource X, i.e., a set of radio blocks (RBs) in the time-frequency domain, for the transmission of the wireless device 30, and notifies other UEs of the resource reservation through the SA (e.g., by transmitting a corresponding booking message). However, the device 20 is outside the communication range of the device 30 and is therefore unaware of the notification. As a result, it may happen that the device 20 also selects resource X for transmission to the device 10 based on the sensing performance of the device 20. In this case, the signal reception at the device 10 may be significantly degraded by the interference caused by the device 30 due to the device 10 being in the communication range of the device 30. This may establish a particular case of directional communication of the hidden node problem (HNP).

[0140] 6B illustrates an embodiment of a wireless network 500 comprising at least one embodiment of a receiving device 100 and at least one embodiment of a transmitting device 200 in a directional wireless communication. The wireless network 500 further comprises an interferer 250, which may be another transmitting device of the wireless network 500.

[0141] According to the wireless signal 602 received from the interferer 250, one or more wireless resources may be occupied at the receiving device 100. The received wireless signal 602 may include interference (e.g., some other data transmission) or may indicate the occupied wireless resources, e.g., a booking message (e.g., at least some of the occupied wireless resources). The received wireless signal enables the receiving device 100 to determine the one or more wireless resources 606 in step 302.

[0142] As used herein, a spatial stream may refer to at least one of a directional transmission direction or parameter, a directional reception direction or parameter, and a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) channel or a parameter of a MIMO channel. A spatial stream may also be referred to as a spatial radio resource.

[0143] The occupied radio resources may be defined in terms of time, frequency, spatial streams, or any combination or subcombination thereof. The one or more indicated radio resources 606 may be defined in terms of time, frequency, spatial streams, or any combination or subcombination thereof. For example, the one or more indicated radio resources 606 may include occupied radio resources as excluded resources. In particular, the status message 604 may indicate occupied spatial streams as excluded. Alternatively or additionally, the one or more indicated radio resources 606 may include radio resources that are receivable at the receiving device 100 and that are not occupied based on the received radio signal 602. In particular, the status message 604 may indicate non-occupied spatial streams as preferred.

[0144] The receiving device 100 transmits a status message 604 indicating the one or more determined radio resources in step 304. The transmitting device 200 uses the one or more indicated radio resources 606 to transmit data 610 in step 406.

[0145] The wireless network 500 may be a 3GPP NR implementation. The wireless communication between the transmitting device 200 and the receiving device 100 may employ SL unicast and / or SL multicast. In the case of unicast or multicast, directional transmission is more efficient in terms of beamforming gain and / or smaller interference to other UEs 250 not participating in the wireless communication. More specifically, in the case of SL unicast or SL multicast, the SA (e.g., booking message) and / or data may be transmitted directionally to one or more target UEs, e.g., an embodiment of the receiving device 100.

[0146] In the following, a 3GPP implementation of the method 300 is described, inter alia, in or for an embodiment of the receiving UE 100. The method 300 may be implemented as a method for proposing radio resources to other UEs.

[0147] A receiving UE 100, exemplified by UE1 in FIG. 6B, may have a set of radio resources 606 that are preferred from the perspective of the receiving UE 100, for example, obtained from its own local channel sensing in step 302 (i.e., based on received radio signals). As used herein, the preferred radio resources 606 may encompass radio resources that are interpreted by the receiving UE 100 as idle, free, or unoccupied. The receiving UE 100 may indicate to the other UE 200 the receiving UE 100's latest preferred radio resources 606 for reception 306 as a radio resource proposal 604 for transmission 406 from the other UE 200 to the receiving UE 100.

[0148] The set of preferred radio resources at the receiving UE 100 for reception 306 may also be associated with a set of measurements indicating a measured interference level (e.g., average interference expressed in terms of RSRP or RSSI or congestion measurements) on the radio resources over a period of time, which may be pre-configured or configured by the eNB or gNB 502.

[0149] In one implementation of the method 300, the receiving UE 100 may indicate only the preferred time-frequency resources in conjunction with at least one spatial stream, i.e., radio resources on at least one radio stream for which the measured interference 602 is below a predefined threshold, such that a UE 200 receiving such information 604 shall prioritize transmission 406 on such radio resources 606. In another implementation, which can be combined with the one implementation, the receiving UE 100 indicates only the radio resources 606 for which the interference is above a predefined threshold, such that a UE 200 receiving such information 604 shall not prioritize transmission on such radio resources 606.

[0150] At least one spatial stream may be implied by the status message 604. For example, if the receiving device 100 determines in step 302 that it is able to receive data 610 using directional reception 306 (e.g., on the same frequency and / or at the same time) in the presence of interference 602 arriving at the receiving device 100 in another direction. Optionally, the receiving UE 100 may signal by the status message the remaining degrees of freedom for MIMO reception 306 on a particular radio resource 606, e.g., as a preferred radio resource or, if the radio resource is booked for transmission and / or reception in the imminent future, as an excluded radio resource.

[0151] For example, if the receiving UE 100 is receiving a data stream on resource X using two receive antennas and has two additional (i.e., unused) receive antennas, the receiving UE 100 may associate the two remaining degrees of freedom for possible reception 306 and decoding. The status message 604 may indicate the number of unused spatial degrees of freedom.

[0152] In any embodiment or implementation, the status message 604 may be transmitted in step 304 by including a (e.g., dedicated) field in the sidelink control information (SCI) to indicate the radio resources 606. That is, the status message 604 may be implemented by control signaling transmitted in a sidelink control channel. This resource proposal field implementing the status message 604 is used to assist the other UE 200 to select radio resources for future transmissions 406 to the receiving UE 100. The status message 604 differs from existing fields for resource reservation, e.g., in conventional SCI, which are transmitted by the transmitting UE 200 and / or used to indicate resources reserved by the UE 100 for its own future transmissions (e.g., triggers for or responses to data 610).

[0153] In some embodiments, the receiving UE 100 excludes one or more preferred resources 606 or a subset thereof from its candidates for locally available radio resources.

[0154] Alternatively or additionally, the one or more indicated radio resources 606 are transmitted along with other data (i.e., 608 in FIG. 7) of the receiving UE 100. For example, the status message 604 is piggybacked in a data packet transmitted by the receiving UE 100 in the PSSCH.

[0155] 7 shows a schematic signaling diagram 700 for implementing a status message 604, for example, included in a data transmission 608 from a receiving device 100 to a transmitting device 200. The receiving UE 100 intends to transmit a packet 608 to the transmitting UE 200. The receiving UE 100 may piggyback an indication of one or more determined radio resources 606, i.e., the status message 604, in the packet 608.

[0156] In any embodiment, the sensing of the channel 702 at the transmitting device 200 in step 404 may be implemented similarly to the receiving 302 of the wireless signal 602 at the receiving device 100 in step 302. The difference, for example the only difference, may be that the result of step 302 is transmitted to the transmitting device 200 by a status message 604 in step 304, which is received at the transmitting device 200 in step 402. The result of the sensing of the channel 702 at the transmitting device 200 may be combined with one or more wireless resources 606 indicated in the status message 604 in step 404 to result in at least one wireless resource being used at the transmitting device 200 in step 406.

[0157] Alternatively or additionally, the receiving UE 100 may send resource proposals 606 to other UEs 200 on the PSSCH even if there are no data packets 608 to be transmitted from the receiving UE 100 to the transmitting UE 200. This may be done based on a pre-configured periodicity or may be triggered by a request from the other UE 200.

[0158] In any embodiment or implementation, the indication 604 of one or more radio resources 606 may be transmitted only if there is a change in one or more (e.g., preferred or excluded) determined radio resources compared to a radio resource previously used for wireless communication (e.g., compared to a previous subframe transmitted from the receiving UE 100). The change may include a change in time (e.g., relative to a periodic radio frame structure), a change in frequency, and / or a change in at least one spatial stream of the radio resource. Alternatively or additionally, the indication 604 of one or more radio resources 606 is transmitted only if a measurement (e.g., interference measurement) of one or more radio resources (e.g., time, frequency, or spatial resources) changes significantly compared to the previous indication 604. For example, the status message 604 may be transmitted in response to a change in RSRP and / or RSSI of a previously indicated radio resource 606, e.g., if the currently measured RSRP and / or RSSI of the same (or corresponding in time) radio resource exceeds and / or falls below a (e.g., absolute or relative) threshold with respect to the previous measurement.

[0159] Alternatively or additionally, the status message 604 indicating the one or more determined radio resources 606 (e.g., suggestions and / or exclusions) is transmitted in a special or dedicated channel, which may be defined or reserved, specifically or exclusively, for any implementation of the transmission 304 of the status message 604, i.e., the indication of the one or more radio resources 606 and optionally other related information.

[0160] In any embodiment or implementation, the status message 604 may imply a spatial stream as at least one spatial stream. For example, a spatial stream previously used for wireless communication and / or parameters for directional reception at the receiving device 100 from the transmitting device 200 may be implied by the status message 604. Alternatively or additionally, the status message 604 may explicitly indicate one or more radio resources 606 in terms of resource location in the time-frequency domain. For example, if at least one spatial stream is implied, the status message 604 may explicitly indicate only resource location in the time-frequency domain.

[0161] The at least one spatial stream may be indicated in the status message 604 by the spatial degrees of freedom (DoF) that the receiving device 100 is able to use for reception 306. That is, the at least one spatial stream indicated in the status message 604 (e.g., as a radio resource recommendation) may comprise a (e.g., maximum or preferred) rank of the wireless communication or a (e.g., maximum or preferred) number of the at least one spatial stream. For example, the wireless communication may comprise a MIMO channel or a SIMO channel. The DoF may correspond to a (e.g., maximum or preferred) rank of the channel at the end of the receiving device 100. In the case of a SIMO channel for wireless communication, the indicated DoF may be 1. The SIMO channel may be implemented by directional reception 306 at the receiving device 100. The transmission 304 of the status message 604 may imply that the DoF is equal to or greater than 1. For example, the transmission 304 of a status message 604 may imply that the receiving device 100 is ready to receive 306, where directional reception will suppress interference at the receiving device 100.

[0162] In any embodiment or implementation, the one or more indicated radio resources 604 (e.g., radio resource proposal) may include at least one spatial stream as well as resource locations in the time-frequency domain and / or other related information, which may include, without being limited to, the capabilities of the receiving UE 100 (e.g., in terms of receivable bandwidth, number of subcarriers, number of receiver chains, etc.), thresholds used in channel sensing for step 302 at the receiving UE 100 (e.g., thresholds used in the second sensing step described above), carriers and / or frequencies associated with the time and / or frequency resources measured in step 302 (e.g., by receiving the signal 602), etc.

[0163] In the status message 604, the receiving UE 100 may signal a priority along with, for example, one or more indicated radio resources 606. The priority may indicate other data scheduled to be transmitted on the corresponding radio resource 606 from another wireless device (e.g., the wireless device 250, another embodiment of the transmitting UE 200, or any wireless device in the wireless network 500). For example, a priority may be associated with each of the one or more radio resources 606. The priority may depend on at least one of an absolute priority or ranking, a type of other data, a type of service, a Quality of Service (QoS) Class Identifier (QCI) for the data and / or service, a destination of the other data, etc. The priority may be a characteristic of the other wireless device transmitting the data and / or other data.

[0164] The receiving UE 100 may determine a priority of the other data to be transmitted using at least one of the one or more indicated radio resources (e.g., several time-frequency resources) based on the SA, booking message, or SCI received from the other wireless device. Alternatively or additionally, the buffer status report may indicate a size of the other data to be transmitted by the other wireless device, and the priority may depend on the size.

[0165] If other data of different priority is scheduled on one of the one or more indicated radio resources, the status message 604 may indicate the highest priority of the different priorities.

[0166] If other data is scheduled for reception at the receiving UE 100 (i.e., the UE 100 is also a receiver of the other data) and the receiving UE 100 is capable of receiving the data 610 and the other data on different spatial streams (e.g., at the same time and frequency), the receiving UE 100 may indicate to the transmitting UE 200 the spatial DoF remaining for reception 306 of the data 610 (e.g., without indicating the priority of the other data). Alternatively or additionally, different status messages 604 may be unicast in step 304 to different embodiments of the transmitting UE 200 scheduled for the same time and frequency, where the different status messages 604 indicate different spatial streams that are independently receivable at the receiving UE 100.

[0167] In any embodiment or implementation, the receiving UE 100 may selectively perform the method 300, particularly step 304, for example, depending on the capabilities of the receiving UE 100 and / or if a full sensing procedure is performed (e.g., as part of step 302). For example, the receiving UE 100 performs the radio resource proposal only if the receiving UE 100 is capable of full sensing and has actually performed full sensing. Alternatively or additionally, during a period of RAN coverage, the RAN 500, e.g., the serving base station 502, may configure the UEs (or an appropriate subset of UEs) to perform the method 300 (i.e., resource proposal). Any UE 100 may be selectively configured to perform the method 300, for example, based on the capabilities of the respective UE 100 and / or the configuration of a pool of radio resources. The pool of radio resources may include radio resources available in the radio network 500 for SL communication.

[0168] In any embodiment of the receiving UE 100, step 304 may implement transmission of the radio resource proposal 604 in a unicast or multicast mode. Alternatively or additionally, step 304 may implement transmission of the radio resource proposal 604 in a broadcast mode.

[0169] In any embodiment of the receiving UE 100, e.g., with half-duplex restrictions for wireless communication, the receiving UE 100 may not only take into account channel measurements when determining the set of available radio resources 606 as preferred radio resources in step 302. For example, the receiving UE 100 may take into account time resources X in which another transmission (e.g., a trigger for data 610 or a response to data 610) from the receiving UE 100 is expected or scheduled. The receiving UE 100 does not indicate, e.g., in the list of available or preferred radio resources 606 indicated in the status message 604 to the transmitting UE 200, the subframe X in which the receiving UE 100 expects to perform its own transmission. As an example, if the receiving UE 100 has already reserved (e.g., already signaled in the SCI) some frequency resources in subframe X for its own transmission, the receiving UE 100 may exclude all radio resources in subframe X from the list of available or preferred radio resources 606 and / or indicate the radio resources 606 in subframe X as excluded radio resources 606.

[0170] The number of (e.g., independently operable) receiver chains (RX chains) at or supported by the receiving UE 100 may be limited. In other words, an embodiment of the receiving UE 100 may be capable of simultaneously receiving a certain number of sidelink carriers or channels. The status message 604 indicating a set of one or more preferred radio resources sent in step 304 to the transmitting UE 200 takes the number of RX chains into account.

[0171] In one implementation, the receiving UE 100 may indicate some subframes for a given frequency A in a set of preferred radio resources 606. Due to a limited number of RX chains in the receiving UE 100, such subframes may be excluded from the set of preferred radio resources for data reception 306 on all frequencies that the receiving UE 100 is not able to receive simultaneously with frequency A. The set of such subframes (e.g., subframes exclusively available for frequency A) may be represented by a time division multiplexing (TDM) pattern. The TDM pattern may be signaled in the same status message 604 (e.g., in a separate field) or in a further status message 604 separately from the radio resources (e.g., time-frequency resources for each of the at least one spatial stream) detected in step 302 as free (also referred to as idle or unoccupied).

[0172] In another implementation example, the one or more radio resources 606 determined to be free in step 302 are reduced by removing RX contention due to limited RX capability of the receiving UE 100. In other words, the one or more radio resources 606 indicated in the status message 604 consider TDM patterns that are not available for the receiving UE 100 to receive due to limited RX capability together with time-frequency resources that are measured to be free. For example, even if a time-frequency resource is measured to be free, the time-frequency resource is removed from the list of preferred radio resources 606 indicated in the status message 604 if the receiving UE 100 is not able to receive on the radio resource due to limited RX capability.

[0173] In the following, among other things, a 3GPP implementation of the method 400 is described in or for an embodiment of the transmitting UE 200. The method 400 may be implemented as a method for selecting radio resources by taking into account received suggestions and / or exclusions for one or more radio resources.

[0174] When one or more embodiments of UE 200 other than the receiving UE 100 receive a status message 604 (e.g., indicating a radio resource proposal) from the receiving UE 100 in step 402, the UE 200 may take into account the one or more indicated radio resources (e.g., the radio resource proposal) during its own resource selection process in step 404. Figures 6B and 7 illustrate an embodiment of the UE 200. Because the UE 200 transmits or selectively transmits data 610 to the receiving UE 100, the UE 200 may be referred to as the transmitting UE 200.

[0175] Optionally, the transmitting UE 200 receives a status message 604 from each of the multiple embodiments of the UE 100 in step 402. Step 404 performed by one embodiment of the UE 200 may determine at least one radio resource based on the radio resources indicated in the multiple status messages 604 received from the multiple UEs 100. For example, the at least one radio resource may include an intersection of a set of one or more radio resources indicated by the multiple UEs 100 on which the data 610 should be multicast in step 406.

[0176] How to take into account the one or more indicated radio resources (e.g., radio resource proposals) may depend on many factors, including, for example, at least one of the following: capabilities of the transmitting UE 200, one or more intended receivers of the transmitting UE 200, a time gap between reception 402 at the transmitting UE 200 and transmission 406 from the transmitting UE 200, a comparison between the one or more indicated radio resources (e.g., proposed or preferred radio resources) and results of channel sensing performed at the transmitting UE 200 in step 404, and a combination of multiple status messages 604 (e.g., obtained proposals) from several surrounding UEs 100.

[0177] Some embodiments of the transmitting UE 200 may only consider one or more (e.g., preferred) radio resources 606 indicated in the status message 604 from the receiving UE 100. For example, the P-UE may rely on the received radio resource proposal.

[0178] Some alternative embodiments of the transmitting UE 200 include an advanced UE, e.g., a V-UE. The advanced UE 200 may have the capability to implement full sensing-based radio resource selection in step 404. In this case, the transmitting UE 200 may compare one or more radio resources 606 indicated (e.g., proposed) by the receiving UE 100 with its own preferred radio resources (e.g., locally available radio resources) obtained from local channel sensing of the transmitting UE 200.

[0179] If there is an intersection between the two sets of resources, the transmitting UE 200 may select at least one radio resource within the intersection for its transmission 406 to the receiving UE 100. Optionally, if there are multiple intersecting radio resources, the transmitting UE 200 may select one of them, for example, based on some criteria or randomly (e.g., by a pseudo-random generator).

[0180] 6B, the transmitting UE 200 determines (e.g., selects) in step 404 resource Y as at least one radio resource for the transmitting UE 200's transmission 406 to the receiving UE 100. In this way, the quality of the signal reception 306 at the receiving UE 100, e.g., signal-to-noise ratio (SINR), may be improved since the signal reception 306 is not interfered with by the transmission 602 of the interfering UE 250.

[0181] In one variant, if there is no intersection (i.e., overlap) between the two sets of preferred resources of the receiving UE 100 and the transmitting UE 200 (i.e., between the set of one or more preferred radio resources indicated in the status message 604 and the set of one or more preferred radio resources resulting from the local channel sensing in step 404), the transmitting UE 200 may determine (e.g., select) at least one radio resource by considering only its own preferences. In another variant, if there is no intersection, the transmitting UE 200 does not transmit until, for example, a further status message 604 is received according to step 402. In a further variant, if there is no intersection, the transmitting UE 200 determines (e.g., selects) at least one radio resource from the less interfered or least interfered radio resources in the two sets. In other words, the transmitting UE 200 may sort the available radio resources in the two sets in order of increasing interference (e.g., some order for merging both sets). From such an ordered list, the transmitting UE 200 may choose the amount of radio resources needed to transmit the data 610, e.g., to accommodate a MAC PDU. In yet another variation, the transmitting UE 200 transmits on some resources randomly selected from the two sets.

[0182] In any embodiment or implementation, for example, as disclosed in the context of some of the previous embodiments of the receiving device 100, the receiving UE 100 signals the less preferred or excluded radio resources 606. For example, the status message 604 may indicate a set of one or more radio resources that are more or most interfered with at the receiving UE 100. In this case, the transmitting UE 200 excludes or avoids one or more radio resources indicated in the status message 604 from the receiving UE 100 as excluded or interfered from that set of transmitting radio resources (e.g., obtained from the local channel sensing of the transmitting UE 200 in step 404). In other words, the transmitting UE 200 determines (or selects) the resources by performing local sensing at the transmitting UE 200, which results in local candidates for the determined radio resources in step 404. If the set of local candidates for at least one radio resource overlaps with one or more radio resources 606 indicated by the receiving UE 100 as being excluded, such overlapping radio resource is excluded from the set of local candidates. If the entire set of local candidates for at least one radio resource overlaps with an excluded radio resource, the transmitting UE 200 preferably does not transmit, e.g., until receipt 402 of a further status message 604.

[0183] Alternatively or additionally, the transmitting UE 200 excludes from its set of local candidates of radio resources any radio resource that the transmitting UE 200 intends to transmit or is scheduled to transmit on to some UE other than the receiving UE 100, e.g., if the time and / or frequency resource on which the transmitting UE 200 intends to transmit or is scheduled to transmit is signaled by the receiving UE 100 as a preferred radio resource 606. That is, the transmitting UE 200 ignores such one or more preferred radio resources (e.g., preferences or suggestions) indicated by the receiving UE 100.

[0184] In any embodiment, the transmitting UE 200 may take into account the preference level of each of the one or more radio resources indicated in the status message 604 when determining the at least one radio resource according to step 404. Alternatively or additionally, for example, in step 404, the transmitting UE 200 may take into account the priority of the data 610 (or of the corresponding data packet) to be transmitted in step 406 using the at least one determined radio resource. The priority of the data 610 may be compared with the priority of other data scheduled for transmission on the corresponding radio resource, for example, as disclosed in the context of some of the previous embodiments of the receiving UE 100. If the priority associated with some radio resources 606 indicated by the receiving device 100 in the status message 604 is higher than the priority of the data 610 that the transmitting UE 200 intends to transmit or is scheduled to transmit, the transmitting UE 200 excludes such radio resources from a set of candidates for the at least one radio resource for transmission 406. In some cases, the transmitting UE 200 may include or not exclude in the candidate set radio resources for which the status message 604 indicates lower priority data.

[0185] Alternatively or additionally, the transmitting UE 200 is a UE with limited capabilities and / or energy constraints, e.g., a P-UE. Such a UE 200 may only perform a simplified resource selection process in step 404, including, for example, at least one of partial detection-based radio resource selection, pure random resource selection, and full detection-based radio resource selection with reduced complexity (e.g., by omitting some detection steps in the radio resource selection procedure).

[0186] In some implementations, the transmitting UE 200 performs resource selection in step 404 based on partial channel sensing (briefly, partial sensing) together with one or more indicated radio resources 606. Partial sensing means that the transmitting UE 200 senses (e.g., and can sense only) a limited set of radio resource candidates, e.g., set E or detected candidates, and determines (e.g., selects) at least one radio resource in set E according to step 404. If there is an intersection between one or more preferred radio resources 606 indicated in the status message 604 received from the receiving UE 100 (briefly, indicated candidates of the UE 100) and one or more radio resources resulting from partial sensing at the transmitting UE 200 (briefly, local candidates of the UE 200, which are a subset of the detected candidates), the transmitting UE 200 determines (e.g., selects) at least one radio source in the intersection for transmission 406 to the receiving UE 100. Optionally and further, if all of the detection candidates in set E are perceived as occupied at the transmitting UE 200 (e.g., with high energy, i.e., using these resources for transmission 406 would generate severe interference), the transmitting UE 200 may determine (e.g., select) at least one radio resource for transmission 406 among the indicated candidates of the receiving UE 100, even if, for example, the at least one radio resource does not belong to the original detection candidates of the transmitting UE 200 (i.e., is not in set E).

[0187] Alternatively or additionally, the transmitting UE 200 implements a purely random selection of radio resources without considering any local sensing procedure at all. The transmitting UE 200 selects at least one radio resource from one or more preferred radio resources (in short, the indicated candidates of the UE 100) indicated in the status message 604 from the receiving UE 100 in step 404, which is a radio resource that appeared idle at least by the receiving UE 100. In this way, the interference situation in the entire wireless network 500 can be improved, for example, compared to a purely random resource selection in the transmitting UE 200 among the local candidates of the transmitting UE 200.

[0188] Alternatively or additionally, the transmitting UE 200 implements a resource selection scheme based on a full sensing procedure with the indicated candidates of the receiving UE 100 in step 404. Optionally, one or more of the sensing steps are omitted to reduce complexity. When omitting one or more sensing steps, the transmitting UE 200 may utilize one or more preferred radio resources (i.e., proposals) indicated by the receiving UE 100 and skip a sensing step, e.g., the third sensing step described above. More specifically, the transmitting UE 200 may compare the available radio resources resulting from the second sensing step described above with one or more preferred radio resources (i.e., proposed resources) indicated in the status message 604 from the receiving UE 100. The comparing may include finding their intersection (e.g., if present).

[0189] In any embodiment or implementation, if the time gap between receiving 402 the status message 604 (e.g., receiving a resource proposal) and transmitting 406 the data 610 (e.g., the transmitting UE 200 starts transmitting to the receiving UE 100) is less than a threshold, the transmitting UE 200 may take into account one or more radio resources 606 indicated in the status message 604 (e.g., proposal) received from the receiving UE 100 during the radio resource selection process of step 404.

[0190] In any embodiment or implementation, if the time between receiving 402 the status message 604 (e.g., receiving a resource proposal) and transmitting 406 the data 610 (e.g., the transmitting UE 200 starts transmitting to the receiving UE 100) is greater than a threshold (e.g., the threshold mentioned above), the transmitting UE 200 preferably does not take into account one or more radio resources 606 indicated in the status message 604 (e.g., the proposal) during the radio resource selection process of step 404.

[0191] In any embodiment or implementation, if the receiving UE 100 is an intended receiver of the transmitting UE 200, the transmitting UE 200 takes into account, during its own resource selection procedure, one or more preferred radio resources (e.g., resource proposals) indicated by the receiving UE 100, e.g., also for transmissions to wireless devices other than the receiving UE 100. Alternatively or additionally, if the receiving UE 100 is not an intended receiver of the transmitting UE 200 or if the transmitting UE 200 targets multiple receivers (e.g., in a multicast or broadcast transmission mode), the status message 604 (e.g., resource proposals) from the receiving UE 100 are optionally not taken into account.

[0192] In any embodiment or implementation, the status message 604 may indicate at least one spatial stream by including at least one (e.g., preferred) spatial wireless communication parameter (e.g., as a spatial radio resource recommendation) in the status message 604. The spatial wireless communication parameter may include a spatial transmission parameter and / or a spatial reception parameter. The spatial wireless communication parameter, e.g., the spatial reception parameter, may include a DoF at the receiving UE 100.

[0193] As an example, the status message 604 may indicate at least one spatial stream by including a DoF that the receiving UE 100 may use for reception 306.

[0194] For each of the at least one spatial stream, the status message 604 may indicate one or more spatial wireless communication parameters. Optionally, for each of the at least one spatial stream, the status message 604 may indicate at least one radio resource with respect to time and / or frequency. That is, the status message 604 may indicate at least one time and / or frequency resource associated with each of the at least one spatial stream. For example, the status message 604 may include a list of parameters (e.g., including at least one spatial control parameter and / or spatial DoF) associated with the one or more time and / or frequency resources.

[0195] Based on the DoF indicated in the status message 604, the transmitting UE 200 may determine a transmission rank in step 404. The transmitting UE 200 may be equipped with multiple transmitting antennas, e.g., antenna elements of an antenna array. For example, the DoF indicated by the receiving UE 100 is N, and the transmitting UE 200 may select a transmission rank up to the maximum of N and M, i.e., max(N,M), where M is the number of transmitting antennas at the transmitting UE 200.

[0196] Further, the status message 604 from the receiving UE 100 may indicate low measured interference in time and / or frequency resource Z with at least one spatial stream (e.g., when coherently combining several antenna elements according to DoF). Based on the status message 604 received in step 402 and the transmission rank determined in step 404, the transmitting UE 200 may apply a precoder for a MIMO transmission 406 with the determined rank using the time and / or frequency resource Z. Alternatively or additionally, based on the interference level implicitly or explicitly indicated by the resource proposal in the status message 604 of one embodiment of the receiving UE 100, the transmitting UE 200 may determine (e.g., select) an appropriate modulation and coding scheme (MCS) for the transmitting UE 200's transmission 406 to the receiving UE 100 in step 404.

[0197] Some embodiments of the transmitting UE 200 are configured to determine (e.g., select) at least one radio resource by jointly considering multiple received status messages 604 (e.g., obtained proposals) from multiple (e.g., several) embodiments of the receiving UE 100 in the wireless network 500 in step 404. The joint consideration may be implemented by determining an intersection of multiple sets of one or more preferred radio resources 606 indicated in the respective status messages 604. Alternatively or additionally, the joint consideration may be implemented by determining a union of multiple sets of one or more excluded radio resources 606 indicated in the respective status messages 604.

[0198] Alternatively or additionally, the transmitting UE 200 determines (e.g., selects) an intended receiver as the receiving UE 100 of the wireless communication by jointly considering multiple received status messages 604 (e.g., acquired proposals or received recommendations) from multiple embodiments of the receiving UE 100, each of which is a candidate for receiving 306 the data 610. For example, multiple embodiments of the receiving UE 100 may include multiple surrounding UEs of the mesh wireless network 500. In this case, there is no specific a priori receiver for the transmitting UE 200. For example, the transmitting UE 200 determines a next hop for a multi-hop communication of the data 610.

[0199] Alternatively or additionally, the transmitting UE 200 may be involved in more than one sidelink communication session. That is, the wireless communication of the transmitting UE 200 includes multiple sidelink communication sessions. Each of the sidelink communication sessions is associated with an embodiment of the receiving UE 100 (i.e., a respective intended receiver). The transmitting UE 200 receives status messages 604 according to step 402 from some of the intended receivers or each of the intended receivers. The transmitting UE 200 takes into account the received status messages 604 (e.g., resource proposals) from all of the intended receivers, if available, during its own resource selection process in step 404. For example, the transmitting UE 200 may determine (e.g., select) at least one radio resource from an overlapping set of radio resources across multiple sets of one or more radio resources 606 indicated in the respective received status messages 604.

[0200] Alternatively or additionally, the transmitting UE 200 may determine at least one radio resource based on multiple status messages 604 received from multiple embodiments of the receiving UE 100 (briefly, intended receivers) in step 404, taking into account correlations in the (e.g., current) locations of multiple intended receivers. Respective data 610 to be transmitted to each of the multiple intended receivers may or may not be different for different intended receivers. For example, the transmitting UE 200 may jointly consider a set of one or more preferred radio resources indicated in the respective status messages 604 received from each intended receiver to reinforce the selection of a clean or uniform use of the radio resources, e.g., with respect to time and / or frequency resources. As an example, the transmitting UE 200 has multiple (e.g., three) UEs 100 (i.e., intended receivers) in the wireless network 500. The intended receivers 100 may be UEs 100 around or in the vicinity of the UE 200. All or a majority of the intended receivers 100 indicate radio resource X as preferred. For example, a respective status message 604 from each of the intended receivers 100 (or each of a majority of the intended receivers 100) indicates X as the preferred radio resource 606. Furthermore, a minority (e.g., one in three) of the intended receivers 100 indicate radio resource Y as the preferred radio resource 606. In this case, the transmitting UE 200 determines radio resource X as at least one radio resource for transmission 406.

[0201] Alternatively or additionally, the transmitting UE 200 may determine whether to transmit in multicast or unicast mode in step 406 depending on jointly considering a set of one or more radio resources from each intended receiver, each embodying a receiving UE 100. For example, if the transmitting UE 200 wishes to transmit the same data 610 (e.g., the same data packet) to multiple three UEs and all three UEs offer the same resources, the transmitting UE 200 may choose the multicast mode for efficient radio resource utilization.

[0202] FIG. 8 illustrates a schematic embodiment of a receiving device 100, i.e., a first wireless device, and a transmitting device 200, i.e., a second wireless device, in directional wireless communication using at least one spatial stream to receive data 610 from the transmitting device 200 at the receiving device 100.

[0203] At least one spatial stream is formed at the receiving device 100. The receiving device 100 determines one or more radio resources 606-R1 based on wireless signals received at the receiving device 100 in step 302. The wireless signals underlying the determination 302 include at least one of a wireless signal received from the transmitting device 200 and a wireless signal received from some other wireless source, e.g., a booking message or interference 602. For example, the wireless signal received from the transmitting device 200 carries some previously transmitted data.

[0204] The one or more radio resources 606-R1 are determined in step 302 based on the radio signal received at the receiving device 100 as a spatial stream 606-R1 defined by a first directional reception, which amplifies the radio signal received from the transmitting device 200 and / or suppresses the interference 602. Thus, the one or more determined radio resources include at least one spatial stream 606-R1 of the different spatial streams 606-R1 and 606-R2 receivable at the receiving device 100. The other receivable spatial stream 606-R2 corresponds to a second directional reception defined by the interference 602.

[0205] Each of the spatial streams may be associated with a combining vector that includes a complex-valued gain for coherently combining the wireless signals of the antenna elements for the respective directional reception. In a simplified implementation of the method 300, only the combining vector for the first directional reception of the spatial stream 606-R1 is calculated by maximizing the directional gain in the direction of reception for the transmitting device 200 and / or by maximizing the RSRP or RSSI for the wireless signal received from the transmitting device 200. In an advanced implementation, the combining vector for each of the wireless signal from the transmitting device 200 and the interference 602 is determined with the additional constraint that the combining vectors corresponding to the transmitting device 200 and the interference 602, respectively, are mutually orthogonal in the complex-valued vector space.

[0206] A status message 604 indicating the one or more determined radio resources 606-R1 is transmitted to the transmitting device 200 in step 304. For example, the status message 604 indicates (e.g., explicitly or implicitly) the spatial DoF available (e.g., equal to 1) at the receiving device 100 for receiving on the spatial stream 606-R1.

[0207] As an example, the transmitting device 200 can observe interference 602. A conventional transmitter may refrain from transmitting data 610 to the receiver 100 on the time and / or frequency resources occupied by the interference 602, but the status message 604 indicates the ability of the receiving device 100 to receive the data 610 on spatial stream 606-R1 in step 306, e.g., even if the same time and / or frequency resources are used. This is possible because the receiving device 100 has at least one spatial DoF available for reception 306 in the presence of the interference 602.

[0208] Thus, data 610 is received from the transmitting device 200 at the receiving device 100 in step 306 on spatial stream 606-R1 as at least one radio resource corresponding to one or more radio resources 606-R1 indicated in the transmitted status message 604 by indicating the DoF.

[0209] As illustrated with respect to the embodiment of Figure 8, the method 300 may be implemented as a method for selecting directional reception (also beamforming reception 306) at a receiver 100. The method 400 may be implemented as a method for performing a broadcast or omni-directional transmission 406 in the presence of interference 602 based on a status message reception 402 indicating directional reception 306 of the broadcast or omni-directional transmission 406.

[0210] FIG. 9 illustrates a schematic embodiment of a receiving device 100, i.e., a first wireless device, and a transmitting device 200, i.e., a second wireless device, in directional wireless communication using at least one spatial stream to receive data 610 from the transmitting device 200 at the receiving device 100.

[0211] At least one spatial stream 606-T1 is formed at the transmitting device 200. The receiving device 100 determines one or more radio resources 606-T1 and 606-T2 based on the radio signal 904 received at the receiving device 100 in step 302.

[0212] The wireless signal 904 underlying the decision 302 is transmitted using different spatial precoders for different directional transmissions from the transmitting device 200. At least a subset of the different directional transmissions are receivable at the receiving device 100 and thus define different spatial streams 606-T1 and 606-T2 receivable at the receiving device 100.

[0213] The wireless signals 904 of different directional transmissions are encoded with different signal identifiers 906. That is, different precoding vectors are applied to the wireless signals 904 transmitted from the transmitting device 200, and the different precoding vectors uniquely correspond to the different signal identifiers 906 encoded in the wireless signals 904.

[0214] The status message 604 indicates the one or more determined radio resources 606-T1 and 606-T2 by referencing a corresponding one or more signal identifiers 906. Optionally, as shown generally in FIG. 9, the status message 604 further indicates a preference level 902 associated with each of the one or more indicated radio resources 606-T1 and 606-T2.

[0215] 9 embodiment, the method 300 may be implemented as a method of selecting a directional transmission (also a beamforming transmission 406) in a receiver 100. The method 400 may be implemented as a method of performing a directional transmission 406 based on receiving a status message 402 indicating the directional transmission 406.

[0216] FIG. 10 illustrates a schematic embodiment of a receiving device 100, i.e., a first wireless device, and a transmitting device 200, i.e., a second wireless device, in wireless communication using a MIMO channel including at least one spatial stream to receive data 610 from the transmitting device 200 at the receiving device 100.

[0217] The embodiments of device 100 and device 200 in FIG. 10 may be implemented by combining features of the embodiments of device 100 and device 200 from both FIGS. 8 and 9, respectively.

[0218] The at least one spatial stream includes two spatial streams 606-1 and 606-2 in the example of Figure 10. Each of the at least one spatial stream is formed by precoding and coherently combining antenna elements at both the receiving device 100 and the transmitting device 200, respectively. The receiving device 100 determines one or more of the radio resources including at least one of the spatial streams 606-1 and 606-2 based on a reference signal (RS, e.g., mobility RS or demodulation RS) received at the receiving device 100 in step 302.

[0219] The status message 604 indicates one or more determined spatial radio resources, i.e., one or more spatial streams 606-1 and 606-2. For example, the status message 604 indicates a rank for a MIMO channel that includes the one or more spatial streams 606-1 and 606-2.

[0220] 10 embodiment, the method 300 may be implemented as a method of selecting one or more spatial streams 606-1 and 606-2 at the receiver 100 for a MIMO channel. The method 400 may be implemented as a method of performing a MIMO transmission 406 based on a status message received 402 indicating the MIMO channel, e.g., a rank and / or precoding matrix to be used for the MIMO transmission 406.

[0221] 11 shows a schematic block diagram for one embodiment of device 100. Device 100 comprises one or more processors 1104 for performing method 300 and a memory 1106 coupled to processor 1104. For example, memory 1106 may be encoded with instructions to implement at least one of modules 102, 104, and 106.

[0222] The one or more processors 1104 may be one or more combinations of a microprocessor, controller, microcontroller, central processing unit, digital signal processor, application specific integrated circuit, field programmable gate array, or any other suitable computing device, resource, or combination of hardware, microcode, and / or encoded logic, operable to provide receiver functionality, either alone or in conjunction with other components of the device 100, such as the memory 1106. For example, the one or more processors 1104 may execute instructions stored in the memory 1106. Such functionality may include providing various features and steps described herein, including any of the benefits disclosed herein. The phrase "a device operable to perform an action" may indicate that the device 100 is configured to perform an action.

[0223] 11, the device 100 may be embodied by a first wireless device 1100, for example, functioning as a receiving UE. The first wireless device 1100 comprises a wireless interface 1102 coupled to the device 100 for wireless communication with one or more wireless devices and / or one or more other base stations.

[0224] 12 shows a schematic block diagram for one embodiment of device 200. Device 200 comprises one or more processors 1204 for performing method 400 and memory 1206 coupled to processor 1204. For example, memory 1206 may be encoded with instructions to implement at least one of modules 202, 204, and 206.

[0225] The one or more processors 1204 may be one or more combinations of a microprocessor, controller, microcontroller, central processing unit, digital signal processor, application specific integrated circuit, field programmable gate array, or any other suitable computing device, resource, or combination of hardware, microcode, and / or encoded logic, operable to provide transmitter functionality, either alone or in conjunction with other components of the device 200, such as the memory 1206. For example, the one or more processors 1204 may execute instructions stored in the memory 1206. Such functionality may include providing various features and steps described herein, including any of the benefits disclosed herein. The phrase "a device operable to perform an action" may indicate that the device 200 is configured to perform an action.

[0226] 12, the device 200 may be embodied by a second wireless device 1200, for example functioning as a transmitting UE. The second wireless device 1200 comprises a wireless interface 1202 coupled to the device 200 for wireless communication with one or more wireless devices and / or one or more other base stations.

[0227] 13, according to one embodiment, a communication system 1300 includes a communication network 1310, such as a 3GPP type cellular network, comprising an access network 1311, such as a wireless access network, and a core network 1314. The access network 1311 comprises a number of base stations 1312a, 1312b, 1312c, such as NBs, eNBs, gNBs or other types of wireless access points, each defining a corresponding coverage area 1313a, 1313b, 1313c. Each base station 1312a, 1312b, 1312c is connectable to the core network 1314 via a wired or wireless connection 1315. A first user equipment (UE) 1391 located in the coverage area 1313c is configured to wirelessly connect to or be paged by the corresponding base station 1312c. A second UE 1392 in the coverage area 1313a can wirelessly connect to the corresponding base station 1312a. Although multiple UEs 1391, 1392 are shown in this example, the disclosed embodiments are equally applicable to situations where only one UE is in the coverage area or connects to the corresponding base station 1312.

[0228] The communication network 1310 is itself connected to a host computer 1330, which may be embodied in hardware and / or software of a standalone server, a cloud-implemented server, a distributed server, or as a processing resource in a server farm. The host computer 1330 may be owned or under the control of a service provider, or may be operated by or on behalf of the service provider. The connection 1321, 1322 between the communication network 1310 and the host computer 1330 may extend directly from the core network 1314 to the host computer 1330, or may proceed through an optional intermediate network 1320. The intermediate network 1320 may be one of a public network, a private network, or a hosted network, or a combination of two or more of them, and the intermediate network 1320 may be a backbone network or the Internet, if any, and in particular the intermediate network 1320 may comprise two or more sub-networks (not shown).

[0229] The communication system 1300 of FIG. 13 as a whole enables connectivity between one of the connected UEs 1391, 1392 and a host computer 1330. The connectivity may be described as an over-the-top (OTT) connection 1350. The host computer 1330 and the connected UEs 1391, 1392 are configured to communicate data and / or signaling via the OTT connection 1350 using the access network 1311, the core network 1314, any intermediate networks 1320 and possible further infrastructure (not shown) as intermediaries. The OTT connection 1350 may be transparent in the sense that the involved communication devices through which the OTT connection 1350 passes are unaware of the routing of the uplink and downlink communications. For example, the base station 1312 may not be or need not be informed about the past routing of incoming downlink communications involving data originating from the host computer 1330 that is to be forwarded (e.g., handed over) to the connected UE 1391. Similarly, the base station 1312 does not need to be aware of the future routing of outgoing uplink communications originating from the UE 1391 and destined for the host computer 1330.

[0230] Next, an exemplary implementation of the UE, base station and host computer described in the previous paragraph according to an embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. 14. In the communication system 1400, the host computer 1410 comprises hardware 1415 including a communication interface 1416 configured to set up and maintain wired or wireless connections with interfaces of different communication devices of the communication system 1400. The host computer 1410 further comprises processing circuitry 1418, which may have storage and / or processing capabilities. In particular, the processing circuitry 1418 may comprise one or more programmable processors, application specific integrated circuits, field programmable gate arrays or combinations thereof (not shown) adapted to execute instructions. The host computer 1410 further comprises software 1411, which is stored in or accessible by the host computer 1410 and is executable by the processing circuitry 1418. The software 1411 includes a host application 1412. The host application 1412 may be operable to provide services to a remote user, such as a UE 1430 connecting via an OTT connection 1450 terminating at the UE 1430 and the host computer 1410. In providing services to the remote user, the host application 1412 may provide user data transmitted using the OTT connection 1450. The user data may depend on the location of the UE 1430 determined in step 206. The user data may include auxiliary information or precision advertisements (also advertisements) delivered to the UE 1430. The location may be reported by the UE 1430 to the host computer, for example, using the OTT connection 1450, and / or reported by the base station 1420, for example, using the connection 1460.

[0231] The communication system 1400 further includes a base station 1420 provided in the communication system, the base station 1420 comprising hardware 1425 enabling the base station 1420 to communicate with the host computer 1410 and the UE 1430. The hardware 1425 may include a communication interface 1426 for setting up and maintaining wired or wireless connections with interfaces of different communication devices of the communication system 1400, as well as a wireless interface 1427 for setting up and maintaining at least a wireless connection 1470 with a UE 1430 located in a coverage area (not shown in FIG. 14) served by the base station 1420. The communication interface 1426 may be configured to facilitate a connection 1460 to the host computer 1410. The connection 1460 may be direct, or the connection 1460 may pass through a core network (not shown in FIG. 14) of the communication system and / or one or more intermediate networks outside the communication system. In the illustrated embodiment, the hardware 1425 of the base station 1420 further includes processing circuitry 1428, which may comprise one or more programmable processors, application specific integrated circuits, field programmable gate arrays, or combinations thereof (not shown) adapted to execute instructions. The base station 1420 further has software 1421 stored internally or accessible via an external connection.

[0232] The communication system 1400 further includes the UE 1430 already mentioned. The hardware 1435 of the UE 1430 may include a wireless interface 1437 configured to set up and maintain a wireless connection 1470 with a base station serving a coverage area in which the UE 1430 is currently located. The hardware 1435 of the UE 1430 further includes processing circuitry 1438, which may comprise one or more programmable processors, application specific integrated circuits, field programmable gate arrays, or combinations thereof (not shown) adapted to execute instructions. The UE 1430 further includes software 1431 stored in or accessible by the UE 1430 and executable by the processing circuitry 1438. The software 1431 includes a client application 1432. The client application 1432, with the support of the host computer 1410, may be operable to provide services to a human or non-human user via the UE 1430. At the host computer 1410, a running host application 1412 may communicate with a running client application 1432 via an OTT connection 1450 that terminates at the UE 1430 and the host computer 1410. In providing services to a user, the client application 1432 may receive request data from the host application 1412 and provide user data in response to the request data. The OTT connection 1450 may transfer both the request data and the user data. The client application 1432 may interact with the user to generate the user data that the client application 1432 provides.

[0233] It should be noted that the host computer 1410, base station 1420, and UE 1430 shown in Figure 14 may be equivalent to the host computer 1330, one of the base stations 1312a, 1312b, 1312c, and one of the UEs 1391, 1392, respectively, of Figure 13. That is, the inner workings of these entities may be as shown in Figure 14, and separately, the surrounding network topology may be that of Figure 13.

[0234] 14, the OTT connection 1450 is depicted abstractly to show communication between the host computer 1410 and the user equipment 1430 via the base station 1420, without explicit reference to intermediary devices and the exact routing of messages through these devices. The network infrastructure may determine the routing, and the network infrastructure may be configured to hide the routing from the UE 1430 or from the service provider operating the host computer 1410, or both. The network infrastructure may also decide to dynamically change the routing (e.g., based on load balancing considerations or reconfiguration of the network) while the OTT connection 1450 is active.

[0235] The wireless connection 1470 between the UE 1430 and the base station 1420 follows the teachings of the embodiments described throughout this disclosure. One or more of the various embodiments improve the performance of the OTT service provided to the UE 1430 using the OTT connection 1450 of which the wireless connection 1470 forms the final segment. More precisely, the teachings of these embodiments may reduce latency and improve data rates, thereby providing benefits such as better responsiveness.

[0236] Measurement procedures may be provided for the purpose of monitoring data rates, latency, and other factors that one or more embodiments improve upon. There may further be optional network functionality for reconfiguring the OTT connection 1450 between the host computer 1410 and the UE 1430 in response to fluctuations in the measurement results. The measurement procedures and / or the network functionality for reconfiguring the OTT connection 1450 may be implemented in the software 1411 of the host computer 1410 or in the software 1431 of the UE 1430, or both. In an embodiment, sensors (not shown) may be deployed in or in association with the communication devices through which the OTT connection 1450 passes, and the sensors may participate in the measurement procedures by providing values ​​of the monitored quantities exemplified above, or other physical quantities from which the software 1411, 1431 may calculate or estimate the monitored quantities. The reconfiguration of the OTT connection 1450 may include message formats, retransmission settings, preferred routing, etc., and the reconfiguration need not affect the base station 1420, and the reconfiguration may be unknown or imperceptible to the base station 1420. Such procedures and functionality may be known and implemented in the art. In some embodiments, the measurements may involve proprietary UE signaling that facilitates the host computer 1410 measurements of throughput, propagation time, latency, etc. The measurements may be implemented in that the software 1411, 1431 causes messages, particularly empty or "dummy" messages, to be sent using the OTT connection 1450 while the software 1411, 1431 monitors propagation times, errors, etc.

[0237] FIG. 15 is a flow chart illustrating a method implemented in a communication system according to one embodiment. The communication system includes a host computer, a base station, and a UE, which may be as described with reference to FIG. 13 and FIG. 14. For simplicity of the disclosure, only drawing references to FIG. 15 are included in this section. In a first step 1510 of the method, the host computer provides user data. In an optional sub-step 1511 of the first step 1510, the host computer provides the user data by executing a host application. In a second step 1520, the host computer initiates a transmission carrying the user data to the UE. In an optional third step 1530, the base station transmits the user data carried in the host computer initiated transmission to the UE according to the teachings of the embodiments described throughout this disclosure. In an optional fourth step 1540, the UE executes a client application associated with the host application executed by the host computer.

[0238] FIG. 16 is a flow chart illustrating a method implemented in a communication system according to one embodiment. The communication system includes a host computer, a base station, and a UE, which may be as described with reference to FIG. 13 and FIG. 14. For simplicity of the disclosure, only drawing references to FIG. 16 are included in this section. In a first step 1610 of the method, the host computer provides user data. In an optional sub-step (not shown), the host computer provides the user data by executing a host application. In a second step 1620, the host computer initiates a transmission carrying the user data to the UE. The transmission may proceed via the base station according to the teachings of the embodiments described throughout this disclosure. In an optional third step 1630, the UE receives the user data carried in the transmission.

[0239] In any embodiment, the receiving wireless device may propose or recommend resources to other UEs. The transmitting device may utilize the resource proposals during the transmitting device's resource selection procedure.

[0240] As becomes apparent from the above description, embodiments of the present techniques enable selection of appropriate transmission resources, which may have advantages in terms of improved signal reception, improved efficiency of resource utilization, and / or reduced resource selection complexity, which is particularly beneficial for wireless devices with limited capabilities.

[0241] For UEs with limited capabilities, e.g., P-UEs, partial sensing based on one or more radio resources indicated in the status message or random resource selection based on one or more radio resources indicated in the status message may be applied, in which case a suitable transmission resource may be selected even if a limited and / or incomplete number of radio resources are considered as candidates and / or even if a purely random selection mechanism is used.

[0242] The many advantages of the present invention will be fully appreciated from the above description, and it will be apparent that various changes may be made in the form, setup and arrangement of the units and devices without departing from the scope of the invention and / or without sacrificing all of its advantages. Because the invention can be varied in many ways, it will be recognized that the invention should be limited only by the scope of the following claims.

Claims

1. A method (300) for receiving data (610) from a second wireless device (200) at a first wireless device (100) in wireless communication, the method (300) comprising: determining (302) one or more radio resources (606) based on a radio signal (602, 904) received at the first wireless device (100), the one or more radio resources (606) including at least one spatial stream of different spatial streams (606-1, 606-2, 606-R1, 606-R2, 606-T1, 606-T2) receivable at the first wireless device (100); transmitting (304) a status message (604) to the second wireless device (200) indicating the one or more determined wireless resources (606); receiving (306) the data (610) from the second wireless device (200) at the first wireless device (100) on at least one wireless resource dependent on the one or more wireless resources (606) indicated in the transmitted status message (604); The method (300) includes or commences:

2. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the first wireless device (100) comprises multiple antenna ports, and different spatial streams (606-R1, 606-R2, 606-1, 606-2) correspond to combining signals from the multiple antenna ports with different combining vectors for beamforming reception at the first wireless device (100).

3. 3. The method of claim 1 or 2, wherein the status message (604) indicates the at least one spatial stream corresponding to the beamforming reception at the first wireless device (100) by indicating a spatial degree of freedom (DoF) of the beamforming reception at the first wireless device (100).

4. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the second wireless device (200) comprises multiple antenna ports, and different spatial streams (606-T1, 606-T2, 606-1, 606-2) correspond to different precoding vectors applied to the multiple antenna ports for beamforming transmission at the second wireless device (200).

5. The method of any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) channel between the first wireless device (100) and the second wireless device (200) comprises the different spatial streams (606-1, 606-2).

6. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the radio signals received at the first wireless device for the determination include radio signals from a wireless source other than the second wireless device, and the one or more determined radio resources suppress the radio signals from the other wireless sources or are not interfered with by the radio signals from the other wireless sources.

7. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein a combination vector of each of the at least one spatial stream included in the one or more determined radio resources (606) is orthogonal to a combination vector corresponding to the radio signal (602) from the other radio source (250).

8. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the radio signal (602) received at the first wireless device (100) for the determination (302) includes a reference signal or interference, and the one or more radio resources (606) are determined based on a received power of the radio signal (602) measured at the first wireless device (100).

9. 9. The method of claim 6, wherein the received power of the radio signal (602) from the other radio source (250) is measured at the first wireless device (100) over each of the one or more determined radio resources (606) that suppress the radio signal (602) from the other radio source (250) or are not interfered with by the radio signal (602) from the other radio source (250).

10. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the status message (604) indicates two or more radio resources (606) and indicates a numerical preference or preference level (902) associated with each of the indicated radio resources (606), the numerical preference being dependent on at least one of the received power and the interference (602) measured on the corresponding radio resource (606).

11. The method of any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the status message (604) indicates one or more radio resources (606) that are preferred for the data reception (306).

12. 11. The method of claim 9 or 10, wherein the status message (604) indicates one or more radio resources (606) that are preferred for the data reception (306) if the received power measured on the one or more preferred radio resources is less than a predefined threshold.

13. The method of claim 11 or 12, wherein the status message (604) further indicates a priority of other data from another wireless source (250) to be transmitted on one or more of the preferred wireless resources (606).

14. The method of any one of claims 1 to 13, wherein the status message (604) indicates one or more radio resources (606) that are excluded for the data reception (306).

15. 15. The method of claim 1, wherein the status message (604) indicates one or more radio resources (606) that are excluded for the data reception (306) if the received power measured on the one or more excluded radio resources is greater than a predefined threshold.

16. The method of claim 12 or 15, wherein the status message (604) further indicates the threshold value.

17. 17. The method of claim 1, wherein the radio signals (602) received at the first wireless device (100) for the determination (302) include booking messages each indicating a scheduled transmission, and the one or more radio resources (606) are determined based on the scheduled transmission.

18. 18. The method of claim 1, wherein the radio signal received at the first wireless device for the determination includes a reference signal from the second wireless device, and a combination vector of each of the at least one spatial stream included in the one or more determined radio resources corresponds to a maximum ratio combination of the radio signal from the second wireless device.

19. 19. The method of claim 1, wherein different radio signals (904) received from the second wireless device (200) for the determination (302) are precoded by different precoding vectors, the different precoding vectors being associated with different signal identifiers (906) encoded in the different radio signals (904), and the status message (604) indicates the at least one spatial stream (606-T1, 606-T2) included in the one or more determined radio resources (606) by referring to a corresponding one or more signal identifiers (906).

20. 20. The method of claim 1, wherein the determined one or more radio resources are a combination of the at least one spatial stream and a constraint in at least one of a time domain and a frequency domain, the constraint depending on the radio signal received at the first wireless device.

21. 21. The method of claim 1, wherein the wireless communication includes a half-duplex communication link between the first wireless device (100) and the second wireless device (200), and the first wireless device (100) excludes time resources from the one or more indicated radio resources (606) for transmission from the first wireless device (100) to the second wireless device (200).

22. 22. The method of claim 1, wherein the first wireless device (100) is capable of simultaneously receiving a maximum number of independent wireless signals, and the determining (302) comprises determining available wireless resources based on the received wireless signals (602, 904) and selecting a subset of the available wireless resources that achieves the maximum number of simultaneously receivable wireless signals.

23. 23. The method of any one of claims 1 to 22, wherein the status message (604) is transmitted on a Physical Sidelink Control Channel (PSCCH) and / or using Sidelink Control Information (SCI) comprising at least one bit field indicating the one or more determined radio resources (606).

24. transmitting user data from the first wireless device (100) to the second wireless device (200), wherein the status message (604) and the user data are included in a data packet transmitted from the first wireless device (100) to the second wireless device (200); 24. The method of any one of claims 1 to 23, further comprising or starting with:

25. 25. The method of any one of claims 1 to 24, wherein the status message (604) is at least one of transmitted periodically and transmitted upon request.

26. The method of any one of claims 1 to 25, wherein the status message (604) is transmitted in at least one of a unicast mode, a multicast mode, and a broadcast mode.

27. 27. The method of claim 1, wherein the transmission (304) of the status message (604) is triggered by a change in the one or more determined radio resources (606) compared to one or more radio resources previously indicated for the second wireless device (200).

28. 28. The method of claim 1, wherein the radio signal for the determination (302) of the one or more radio resources (606) is received in a channel sensing procedure in the first wireless device (100), and the status message (604) further indicates an ability to perform the channel sensing process in the first wireless device (100).

29. A method (400) for transmitting data (610) from a second wireless device (200) to a first wireless device (100) in a wireless communication, the method (400) comprising: receiving (402) from the first wireless device (100) a status message (604) indicating one or more wireless resources (606) based on a wireless signal (602, 904) received at the first wireless device (100), the one or more wireless resources (606) including at least one spatial stream of different spatial streams (606-1, 606-2, 606-T1, 606-T2, 606-R1, 606-R2) receivable at the first wireless device (100); determining (404) at least one radio resource based on the one or more radio resources (606) indicated in the received status message (604); transmitting (406) the data (610) to the first wireless device (100) using the determined at least one wireless resource; The method (400) includes or commences:

30. determining one or more radio resources based on a radio signal received at the second wireless device (200), wherein the determination (404) of the at least one radio resource to be used for the transmission (406) depends on a combination of the radio resources (606) indicated by the first wireless device (100) and the radio resources determined by the second wireless device (200); 30. The method of claim 29, further comprising or starting.

31. 31. The method of claim 29 or 30, wherein the status message (604) further indicates a priority of other data to be transmitted on one or more of the radio resources indicated in the status message (604), and the determination (404) of the at least one radio resource to be used for the transmission (406) of the data (610) depends on a comparison of a priority associated with the data (610) transmitted by the second wireless device (200) with the priority indicated in the status message (604).

32. 32. The method of claim 29 or 31, wherein the determination (404) of the at least one radio resource for the data transmission (406) is based on the one or more radio resources (606) indicated in the status message (604) if a time gap between the reception (402) of the status message (604) and the data transmission (406) is less than a predefined threshold.

33. 33. The method of claim 29, wherein a status message (604) is received from a plurality of first wireless devices (100), and the determination (404) of the at least one radio resource to be used for the transmission (406) depends on a combination of the radio resources (606) indicated by the plurality of first wireless devices (100).

34. Status messages (604) are received from a plurality of first wireless devices (100) of a mesh wireless network (500, 1420), the method comprising: selecting, based on the status message, a first wireless device from among the plurality of first wireless devices for the transmission of the data.

34. The method of any one of claims 29 to 33, further comprising or starting.

35. 35. The method of claim 29, wherein a status message (604) is received from a plurality of first wireless devices (100) that are intended receivers of the data (610), and the determination (404) includes determining a transmission mode for the data transmission (406) from among a unicasting mode and a multicasting mode in response to an overlap of preferred wireless sources (606) indicated by the status message (604).

36. 36. The method of claim 35, wherein the determining (404) comprises deriving a precoding vector from the spatial streams indicated by the plurality of first wireless devices (100) for the transmission (406) in the unicast mode.

37. 37. The method according to any one of claims 29 to 36, further comprising or triggering a step according to any one of claims 1 to 28 or a corresponding step thereto.

38. A computer program product comprising program code portions, optionally stored on a computer-readable recording medium (1106, 1206), for performing the steps of any one of claims 1 to 37 when said computer program product is executed on one or more computing devices (1104, 1204).

39. A first wireless device (100) for receiving data (610) from a second wireless device (200) at the first wireless device (100) in wireless communication, the first wireless device (100) comprising: a determination unit (102) configured to determine one or more radio resources (606) based on a radio signal (602, 904) received at the first wireless device (100), the one or more radio resources (606) including at least one spatial stream of different spatial streams (606-1, 606-2, 606-R1, 606-R2, 606-T1, 606-T2) receivable at the first wireless device (100); a transmitting unit (104) configured to transmit a status message (604) to the second wireless device (200) indicating the one or more determined radio resources (606); a receiving unit (106) configured to receive the data (610) from the second wireless device (200) at the first wireless device (100) on at least one wireless resource dependent on the one or more wireless resources (606) indicated in the transmitted status message (604); A first wireless device (100) comprising:

40. The first wireless device (100) of claim 39, further configured to perform the steps of any one of claims 1 to 28.

41. A second wireless device (200) for transmitting data (610) from the second wireless device (200) to a first wireless device (100) in wireless communication, the second wireless device (200) comprising: a receiving unit (202) configured to receive from the first wireless device (100) a status message (604) indicating one or more wireless resources (606) based on a wireless signal (602, 904) received at the first wireless device (100), the one or more wireless resources (606) including at least one spatial stream of different spatial streams (606-1, 606-2, 606-T1, 606-T2, 606-R1, 606-R2) receivable at the first wireless device (100); a determination unit (204) configured to determine at least one radio resource based on the one or more radio resources (606) indicated in the received status message (604); a transmitting unit (206) configured to transmit the data (610) to the first wireless device (100) using the determined at least one radio resource; A second wireless device (200).

42. A second wireless device (200) according to claim 34, further configured to perform the steps according to any one of claims 29 to 37.

43. A first wireless device (100) for receiving data (610) from a second wireless device (200) at said first wireless device (100) in a wireless communication, said first wireless device (100) comprising at least one processor (1104) and a memory (1106), said memory (1106) comprising instructions executable by said at least one processor (1104), whereby said first wireless device (100) determining one or more radio resources (606) based on a radio signal (602, 904) received at the first wireless device (100), the one or more radio resources (606) including at least one spatial stream of different spatial streams (606-1, 606-2, 606-R1, 606-R2, 606-T1, 606-T2) receivable at the first wireless device (100); transmitting a status message (604) to the second wireless device (200) indicating the one or more determined wireless resources (606); receiving the data (610) from the second wireless device (200) at the first wireless device (100) on at least one wireless resource dependent on the one or more wireless resources (606) indicated in the transmitted status message (604); A first wireless device (100) operable to:

44. The first wireless device (100) of claim 36, further operable to perform the steps of any one of claims 1 to 28.

45. A second wireless device (200) for transmitting data (610) from the second wireless device (200) to a first wireless device (100) in a wireless communication, the second wireless device (200) comprising at least one processor (1204) and a memory (1206), the memory (1206) comprising instructions executable by the at least one processor (1204), whereby the second wireless device (200) receiving, from the first wireless device (100), a status message (604) indicating one or more wireless resources (606) based on a wireless signal (602, 904) received at the first wireless device (100), the one or more wireless resources (606) including at least one spatial stream of different spatial streams (606-1, 606-2, 606-T1, 606-T2, 606-R1, 606-R2) receivable at the first wireless device (100); determining at least one radio resource based on the one or more radio resources indicated in the received status message; transmitting the data (610) to the first wireless device (100) using the determined at least one wireless resource; a second wireless device (200) operable to:

46. A second wireless device (200) according to claim 38, further operable to perform the steps according to any one of claims 29 to 37.

47. A user equipment (UE) (100, 200, 1100, 1200, 1391, 1392, 1430) configured to communicate with a base station (502, 1312, 1420) or a wireless device acting as a gateway, the UE (100, 200, 1100, 1200, 1391, 1392, 1430) comprising a radio interface (1102, 1437) and processing circuitry (1104, 1204, 1438) configured to perform the steps of any one of claims 1 to 37.

48. A communication system (1300, 1400) including a host computer (1330, 1410), the host computer (1330, 1410) comprising: a processing circuit element (1418) configured to provide user data; 38. A communications interface (1416) configured to forward user data to a cellular or ad-hoc wireless network (500, 1420) for transmission to a user equipment (UE) (100, 200, 1100, 1200, 1391, 1392, 1430), the UE (100, 200, 1100, 1200, 1391, 1392, 1430) comprising a radio interface (1102, 1202, 1437) and processing circuitry (1104, 1204, 1438), the processing circuitry (1104, 1204, 1438) of the UE (100, 200, 1100, 1200, 1391, 1392, 1430) configured to perform the steps of any one of claims 1 to 37. A communication system (1300, 1400).

49. 49. The communication system (1300, 1400) of claim 48, further comprising the UE (100, 200, 1100, 1200, 1391, 1392, 1430).

50. The communication system (1300, 1400) of claim 48 or 49, wherein the wireless network (500, 1420) further comprises a wireless device (100, 200) acting as a base station (502, 1312, 1420) or gateway configured to communicate with the UE (100, 200, 1100, 1200, 1391, 1392, 1430).

51. the processing circuitry (1418) of the host computer (1330, 1410) is configured to execute a host application (1412) thereby providing the user data; the processing circuitry (1104, 1204, 1438) of the UE (100, 200, 1100, 1200, 1391, 1392, 1430) is configured to execute a client application (1432) associated with the host application (1412); A communication system (1300, 1400) according to any one of claims 48 to 50.

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