Demand-supply adjustment system, demand-supply adjustment device, control method, and program

Abstract

To quickly respond to fluctuations in a power system while performing offline demand-supply adjustment.SOLUTION: A demand-supply adjustment system for executing demand-supply adjustment of power in a power system comprises: a charge-discharge device that charges a power storage device with power supplied from the power system and discharges the power storage device in order to supply the power to the power system; and a management server that sends requests of charging / discharging for the power storage device to the charge-discharge device. The management server includes: a history acquisition unit that acquires a charge-discharge history showing a history of the power for charging / discharging the power storage device by the charge-discharge device in the demand-supply adjustment performed in the past; and a determination unit that determines a target remaining power amount being a target value of a remaining power amount of the power storage device before executing the demand-supply adjustment on the basis of the charge-discharge history acquired by the history acquisition unit.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 7

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] The present disclosure relates to a supply and demand adjustment system, a supply and demand adjustment device, a control method, and a program. [Background technology]

[0002] For a stable supply of electricity, the principle is that demand and supply should be simultaneous and equal, and it is necessary to ensure a balance between demand and supply. Conventionally, the balance was achieved by adjusting the output of thermal power plants and the like in response to fluctuations in demand and output fluctuations from renewable energy sources. However, in recent years, efforts such as carbon neutrality have led to an increase in renewable energy sources and a decrease in thermal power sources, and this has led to a growing demand for strengthening adjustable power. In response to this, efforts are being made in the supply and demand adjustment market to trade adjustment power, which is a commercialized right to provide and undertake adjustable power as a bond (Non-Patent Document 1). For example, primary adjustment power needs to be controlled offline, i.e., by the power supplier, and needs to be adjusted to the upper limit of the bid amount in a short period of time, for example within 10 seconds.

[0003] Patent document 1 discloses a server that handles multiple vehicles at once, and adjusts supply and demand to respond to either excess demand or excess supply by requesting that vehicles with a high SOC (State of Charge) be discharged and vehicles with a low SOC be charged.

[0004] Patent Document 2 discloses an energy management method that predicts the activation of adjustment capability in advance based on meteorological information and adjusts in advance to an SOC that corresponds to the prediction. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0005] [Patent Document 1] Patent Publication No. 2021-93831 [Patent Document 2] JP 2020-137395 A [Non-patent literature]

[0006] [Non-Patent Document 1] Regarding the market design proposal for the revision of rules for primary and secondary adjustment reserves (2), composite products, and tertiary (2), [online], [searched on April 4, 2023], Internet<https: / / www.occto.or.jp / iinkai / chouseiryoku / jukyuchousei / 2021 / files / jukyu_shijyo_28_03_03.pdf> 67 pages Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0007] However, the vehicle described in Patent Document 1, which adjusts supply and demand while communicating with a server, cannot adjust supply and demand offline. Also, the energy management method described in Patent Document 2, which adjusts in advance in response to predictions, cannot respond to fluctuations in the power grid in a short time. [Means for solving the problem]

[0008] The supply and demand adjustment system according to the present disclosure is a supply and demand adjustment system that adjusts supply and demand of electricity in a power system, and includes a charging / discharging device that charges a power storage device with electricity supplied from the power system and discharges the power storage device to supply electricity to the power system, and a management server that requests the charging / discharging device to charge or discharge the power storage device, wherein the management server includes a history acquisition unit that acquires a charge / discharge history indicating a history of electricity used by the charging / discharging device to charge or discharge the power storage device in a supply and demand adjustment that was previously performed, and a determination unit that determines a target remaining energy amount, which is a target value for the remaining energy amount of the power storage device before the supply and demand adjustment is performed, based on the charge / discharge history acquired by the history acquisition unit.

[0009] The present disclosure can be realized not only as a supply and demand adjustment system having the above-described characteristic configuration, a supply and demand adjustment device, a control method having steps corresponding to characteristic processes in the supply and demand adjustment device, and a control program for causing the supply and demand adjustment device to execute the characteristic processes, but also as a semiconductor integrated circuit in which part or all of the relay device is realized. Effect of the Invention

[0010] According to the present disclosure, supply and demand adjustment can be performed offline while responding to fluctuations in the power grid in a short period of time. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0011] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing an overview of a power system that transmits and distributes electric power. [Diagram 2] FIG. 2 is a conceptual diagram showing an example of frequency fluctuation in a power system. [Diagram 3] FIG. 3 is a block diagram of each component of the entire system including the supply and demand system in the first embodiment. [Figure 4] FIG. 4 is a functional block diagram showing the functional blocks included in the management server 32. As shown in FIG. [Diagram 5] FIG. 5 is a diagram showing an example of the charged / discharged power and the accumulated charged power when supply and demand adjustment is performed. [Figure 6] FIG. 6 is a diagram showing an example of a histogram of the maximum charge amount. [Figure 7] FIG. 7 is a sequence diagram showing the operation of the entire system including the supply and demand adjustment system. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0012] <Overview of the embodiment of the present disclosure> Below, an overview of the embodiments of the present disclosure will be listed and described.

[0013] (1) A supply and demand adjustment system according to the present embodiment is a supply and demand adjustment system that adjusts supply and demand of power in a power grid, and includes a charging / discharging device that charges a power storage device with power supplied from the power grid and discharges the power storage device to supply power to the power grid, and a management server that requests the charging / discharging device to charge or discharge the power storage device, the management server including a history acquisition unit that acquires a charge / discharge history indicating a history of power that the charging / discharging device has charged or discharged the power storage device in the supply and demand adjustment that was previously performed, and a determination unit that determines a target remaining power amount that is a target value for the remaining power amount of the power storage device before performing the supply and demand adjustment, based on the charge / discharge history acquired by the history acquisition unit. This makes it possible to respond to fluctuations in the power grid in a short time while performing supply and demand adjustment offline.

[0014] (2) In the above (1), the management server may further include a transmission unit that transmits target information indicating the target remaining energy amount determined by the determination unit to the charging / discharging device. In this way, the charging / discharging device that receives the target information can adjust supply and demand based on the target information.

[0015] (3) In the above (2), the management server may further include an adjustment time acquisition unit that acquires a scheduled start time and a scheduled end time of the supply and demand adjustment, and the transmission unit may transmit time information indicating the scheduled start time and the scheduled end time acquired by the adjustment time acquisition unit to the charging / discharging device. In this way, the charging / discharging device that has received the time information can start and end supply and demand adjustment at the start time and the end time indicated by the time information.

[0016] (4) In the above (1), the management server may further include a power storage capacity acquisition unit that acquires a power storage capacity of the power storage device, and the determination unit may determine the target remaining power amount based on the power storage capacity and at least one of a maximum charge amount and a maximum discharge amount of the power storage device in the charge / discharge history. This allows the management server to determine the target remaining power amount based on the maximum charge amount or maximum discharge amount of the charge / discharge device, taking into account the power storage capacity of the power storage device.

[0017] (5) In the above (4), the determination unit may determine the target remaining energy based on a histogram of at least one of the maximum charging amount and the maximum discharging amount, whereby the management server can determine the target remaining energy according to the frequency of occurrence of the maximum charging amount or the maximum discharging amount of the charging / discharging device.

[0018] (6) In the above (4), the target remaining energy may include a maximum target value and a minimum target value of the remaining energy of the power storage device, and the determination unit may determine the maximum target value based on the maximum charge amount in the charge / discharge history. This allows the management server to determine the maximum target value of the remaining energy of the power storage device so that the charge / discharge device can adjust the maximum charge amount to supply and demand.

[0019] (7) In the above (4), the target remaining energy may include a maximum target value and a minimum target value of the remaining energy of the power storage device, and the determination unit may determine the minimum target value based on the maximum discharge amount in the charge / discharge history. This allows the management server to determine the minimum target value of the remaining energy of the power storage device so that the charge / discharge device can adjust the maximum discharge amount.

[0020] (8) In the above (6), the charging / discharging device may execute a limiting control to limit charging to the power storage device when the remaining energy of the power storage device is greater than a reference energy amount based on the target remaining energy amount during a predetermined period before the supply and demand adjustment is started. In this way, by limiting charging of the power storage device when the remaining energy of the power storage device approaches the target remaining energy amount, it is possible to reduce purchase of electricity from the power grid and increase sale of electricity generated by photovoltaic power generation or the like, thereby enabling more economical operation.

[0021] (9) In the above (1), the charge / discharge history may indicate a history of the amount of power that each of the plurality of charging / discharging devices has charged or discharged to the plurality of power storage devices in the supply and demand adjustment that has been performed in the past. This allows the management server to determine a target value for the remaining power amount (target remaining power amount) of the power storage devices based on the charge / discharge history of the plurality of charging / discharging devices.

[0022] (10) A supply and demand adjustment device according to the present embodiment charges an energy storage device with power supplied from a power grid, and adjusts the supply and demand of power in the power grid by requesting a charging / discharging device that discharges the energy storage device to charge or discharge the energy storage device in order to supply the energy to the power grid, the supply and demand adjustment device including: a history acquisition unit that acquires a charge / discharge history indicating a history of the amount of power that the charging / discharging device has charged or discharged the energy storage device in the supply and demand adjustments that have been performed in the past; and a determination unit that determines a target remaining amount of energy that is a target value of the remaining amount of the energy storage device before performing the supply and demand adjustment, based on the charge / discharge history. This makes it possible to quickly respond to fluctuations in the power grid while performing supply and demand adjustment offline.

[0023] (11) A control method according to the present embodiment is a control method for controlling a supply and demand adjustment device that adjusts supply and demand of power in the power system by charging an energy storage device with power supplied from the power system and requesting a charging / discharging device, which discharges the energy storage device to supply power to the power system, to charge or discharge the energy storage device, and obtains a charge / discharge history indicating a history of the amount of power that the charging / discharging device has charged or discharged the energy storage device in the past supply and demand adjustments, and determines a target remaining amount of energy that is a target value for the remaining amount of the energy storage device before the supply and demand adjustment is performed based on the charge / discharge history. This makes it possible to quickly respond to fluctuations in the power system while performing supply and demand adjustment offline.

[0024] (12) A program according to the present embodiment is a program for operating a computer that controls a supply and demand adjustment device that adjusts supply and demand of power in the power system by charging a power storage device with power supplied from the power system and requesting a charging / discharging device, which discharges the power storage device to supply power to the power system, to charge or discharge the power storage device, and includes the steps of acquiring a charge / discharge history indicating a history of the amount of power that the charging / discharging device has charged or discharged the power storage device in the supply and demand adjustment performed in the past, and determining a target remaining amount of storage, which is a target value of the remaining amount of the power storage device before performing the supply and demand adjustment, based on the charge / discharge history. This makes it possible to quickly respond to fluctuations in the power system while performing supply and demand adjustment offline.

[0025] [Terminology definition] The definitions of terms used in this application are as follows: · Power grid: A system that integrates power generation, transformation, transmission, and distribution to supply electricity to consumers' power receiving equipment. · Consumer: A person who receives and uses the supply of goods and services such as electricity. · Supply and demand balancing: Balancing electricity production and consumption. · Supply and demand adjustment market: A market in which adjustment power is traded. Reserve power: Electricity that can be adjusted based on demand. · Adjustment capacity: The right to provide and receive reserve power is commercialized as a bond. Seller: An entity that requires reserve power and sells balancing power to the supply and demand adjustment market. Bidder: An entity that wishes to provide reserve power and bids for balancing power in the supply and demand balancing market and seeks to win the bid. Listing information: Information showing the balancing capacity offered by sellers to the supply and demand adjustment market. Bidding information: Information indicating the balancing power that a bidder is bidding to enter into the supply and demand balancing market and is seeking to win. - Winning bid information: Information showing the details of the balancing capacity that a bidder has won in the supply and demand adjustment market. Specifically, the winning bid price, the amount of power that needs to be adjusted, and the start and end times of the adjustment are shown. Market server: A server that manages transactions in the supply and demand adjustment market, where adjustment power for adjusting supply and demand is traded. · Management server: A server that requests the charge / discharge device to charge or discharge the power storage device. Energy storage device: A device that converts electrical energy into chemical energy, stores it, and can extract electricity as needed. Secondary battery: A battery that converts electrical energy into chemical energy, stores it, and converts the chemical energy back into electrical energy to discharge power as needed. · Charging: Converting electrical energy into chemical energy etc. and storing it. Discharge: Converting stored chemical energy, etc. into electrical energy and extracting electricity. · Charging / discharging device: A device that charges an energy storage device with power supplied from the power grid and discharges the energy storage device to supply power to the power grid. Charged / discharged power: The power charged or discharged by the power storage device when the charge / discharge device adjusts supply and demand. Accumulative charging power: The cumulative value of charging and discharging power. · Maximum Charge: The maximum cumulative charging power. Maximum discharge amount: The maximum cumulative discharge power, in other words, the minimum cumulative charge power. History: A chronological record of specific events in the past. Charge / discharge history: A record of cumulative charging power over time in past supply / demand adjustments. · Storage capacity: The maximum amount of electricity that can be charged into a storage device. Remaining power: The amount of power currently stored in the storage device. The amount of power that the storage device can discharge in the future. - Storage capacity: The value obtained by subtracting the remaining power from the storage capacity. The amount of additional power that can be charged in the future. · Target remaining energy: The target value of the remaining energy. · Target information: Information showing the target remaining power amount. Time information: Information indicating the scheduled start time and the scheduled end time of supply and demand adjustment. The successful bid information includes the time information. Histogram: The frequency or number of occurrences of intervals or classes that are mutually prime.

[0026] <Embodiment 1> [1. Details of the First Embodiment of the Present Disclosure] Hereinafter, the details of the embodiments of the present disclosure will be described with reference to the drawings. Note that at least some of the embodiments described below may be combined in any combination.

[0027] [1-1. Supply and demand adjustment market] The supply and demand adjustment market is a market in which adjustment power, which is a commercialized right to provide and take over adjustable power, is traded as a bond. The supply and demand adjustment system of the present disclosure participates in the supply and demand adjustment market to adjust the supply and demand of power in the power system, so the supply and demand adjustment market will be described below.

[0028] [Power system] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing an overview of a power system that transmits and distributes electric power. The power system 11 includes a power plant 12, a power transmission facility 13, a transforming facility 14, a power distribution facility 15, a customer facility 16, and a power storage facility 17. The power plant 12 is a facility for generating electric power, and is, for example, a thermal power plant 12a using fossil fuels such as oil, and a power plant 12b using renewable energy such as wind power. The power transmission facility 13 is a facility for transmitting the electric power generated by the power plant 12 to an area where customers are located. The transforming facility 14 is a facility for stepping down the high-voltage electric power transmitted from the power plant 12 to a voltage required by the power distribution facility 15. The power distribution facility 15 is a facility for distributing the electric power stepped down by the transforming facility 14 to the customer facility 16.

[0029] The consumer equipment 16 is equipment in a factory or a general home, and consumes the power distributed by the power distribution equipment 15. The power storage equipment 17 is charged with the power distributed by the power distribution equipment 15, and supplies the power to the power distribution equipment 15 with the stored power. The power storage equipment 17 includes a charging / discharging device 33 and a power storage device 34. The power storage device 34 is a device that charges and discharges power, and is composed of a secondary battery such as a lithium-ion battery. The charging / discharging device 33 charges the power storage device 34 with power supplied from the power system 11, and discharges the power storage device 34 to supply power to the power system 11. Although many devices participate in the power system 11 in this way, they are connected to a single power system 11. For this reason, the power supplied by the power plant 12 and the power consumed by the consumer equipment 16 must always be balanced.

[0030] [Frequency fluctuation] FIG. 2 is a conceptual diagram showing an example of frequency fluctuation in a power system. As described above, many facilities are connected to the power system 11. When the power supplied by the multiple power plants 12 as a whole exceeds the power consumed by the multiple consumer facilities 16 as a whole, the load on the generator of the power plant 12 becomes lighter. Therefore, the rotation speed of the generator of the power plant 12 increases. This means that the frequency of the power system 11 increases for the power system 11. The area 21 in FIG. 2 shows this state. On the other hand, when the power supplied by the multiple power plants 12 as a whole falls below the power consumed by the multiple consumer facilities 16 as a whole, the load on the generator of the power plant 12 becomes heavier. Therefore, the rotation speed of the generator of the power plant 12 decreases. This means that the frequency of the power system 11 decreases for the power system 11. The area 22 in FIG. 2 shows this state.

[0031] If the power supplied by the power plants 12 as a whole falls below the power consumed by the consumer facilities 16 as a whole, this means that the load on the generators of the power plants 12 has become too heavy. This causes the generators of the power plants 12 to become overloaded, and the generators are disconnected from the power grid 11 to avoid breakdown. When one generator is disconnected, the situation in which the power supplied by the power plants 12 as a whole falls below the power consumed by the consumer facilities 16 as a whole worsens, and the generators are disconnected one after another from the power grid 11. In the worst case scenario, the entire area connected to one power grid 11 will be in a power outage. Conversely, if the power consumed by the consumer facilities 16 as a whole decreases and the frequency of the power grid 11 rises, the power generated by the generators will not be consumed, resulting in energy or economic losses. For this reason, the frequency of the power grid 11 must always be controlled within a predetermined range.

[0032] [Supply and demand adjustment market] As described above, the power system 11 needs to constantly control the frequency of the power system 11 within a predetermined range. However, in recent years, power generation from renewable energy sources such as wind power and solar power has been on the rise. Power generation from renewable energy sources depends on natural energy and is therefore dependent on weather. For this reason, the amount of power generated from renewable energy sources fluctuates significantly compared to conventional power generation from fossil fuels. Therefore, when there is a power surplus, a power resource is needed to take over the surplus power, and when there is a power shortage, a power resource is needed to supply the shortage.

[0033] Therefore, the design of a supply and demand adjustment market system is being promoted, in which consumers with power resources such as storage batteries can also participate in the adjustment of supply and demand of electricity. Conventionally, power resources have been large facilities such as pumped storage power plants. However, large facilities such as pumped storage power plants have issues such as the time and cost required for construction and the difficulty of rapid supply and demand adjustment. Meanwhile, the spread of EVs (Electric Vehicles) has progressed. Therefore, it is being considered to have the power storage device 34 (secondary battery) of an EV in an ordinary household participate in the supply and demand adjustment through the charging and discharging device 33. The charging and discharging device 33 and the power storage device 34 may be housed in a single housing, for example, a residential power storage system.

[0034] One method being considered for allowing consumers with power resources to participate in the supply and demand balancing market is to trade the right to provide and assume an amount of power that can be adjusted for supply and demand (hereinafter referred to as "reserve power") as a bond (hereinafter referred to as "adjustment capacity"). One possible trading method is to create an auction market, where those who need reserve power (hereinafter referred to as "sellers") put their adjustment capacity up for auction, and those who wish to provide reserve power (hereinafter referred to as "bidders") make bids and are successful. As an example, five categories of adjustment capacity are being considered, as shown in Table 1.

[0035] [Table 1]

[0036] When the EV power storage device 34 is allowed to participate in supply and demand adjustment via the charge / discharge device 33, the power storage device 34 is able to respond quickly, and therefore participates in the primary control capacity category.

[0037] [1-2. Overall system configuration] FIG. 3 is a block diagram of each component of the entire system including the supply and demand system in the first embodiment. The entire system includes a market server 31, a management server 32, a charging / discharging device 33, a power storage device 34, and a bidder terminal 35. A communication line 36 is a communication line for mutual communication between the management server 32, the charging / discharging device 33, and the bidder terminal 35. The communication line 36 is also used by sellers to access the market server 31. The communication line may be a wired line or a wireless line.

[0038] [1-2-1. Market Server] The market server 31 is a server that manages transactions of adjustment power in the supply and demand adjustment market. The market server 31 is communicatively connected to a communication line 36. The market server 31 includes a control unit 31a, a memory 31b, a communication interface (hereinafter referred to as communication I / F) 31c, and a communication bus 31d. The communication bus 31d is a bus for communicating data between the control unit 31a, the memory 31b, and the communication I / F 31c.

[0039] [Control Unit] The control unit 31a includes a circuit configuration such as a processor. Specifically, the control unit 31a includes one or more CPUs (Central Processing Units). The processor included in the control unit 31a may be a GPU (Graphics Processing Unit). In this case, the control unit 31a reads out a computer program stored in the memory 31b and executes various calculations and controls.

[0040] The control unit 31a may include a processor in which a predetermined program is written in advance. For example, the control unit 31a may be an integrated circuit such as a Complex Programmable Logic Device (CPLD), a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA), or an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC). In this case, the control unit 31a executes various calculations and controls based on the programs written in advance.

[0041] [Memory] The memory 31b includes a volatile memory and a non-volatile memory, and stores various data. The volatile memory includes, for example, a random access memory (RAM). The non-volatile memory includes, for example, a flash memory, a hard disk drive (HDD), a solid state drive (SSD), or a read only memory (ROM).

[0042] The memory 31b stores, for example, computer programs and various parameters in a non-volatile memory. The memory 31b may store computer programs downloaded from an external device (not shown) via a network (not shown) and a communication device (not shown).

[0043] [Communication interface] The communication interface 31c is communicatively connected to a communication bus 31d. The communication I / F 31c is also communicatively connected to a communication line 36. The communication I / F 31c receives signals flowing through the communication line 36 via respective ports (not shown) and converts the signals into signals readable by the control unit 31a. The communication bus 31d is a bus for data communication between the control unit 31a, the memory 31b, and the communication I / F 31c.

[0044] [1-2-2. Management Server] The management server 32 is a server that requests the charging / discharging device 33 to charge or discharge the electricity storage device 34. The management server 32 is communicatively connected to a communication line 36. The management server 32 includes a control unit 32a, a memory 32b, a communication I / F 32c, and a communication bus 32d. The control unit 32a, memory 32b, communication I / F 32c, and communication bus 32d of the management server 32 are the same as the control unit 31a, memory 31b, communication I / F 31c, and communication bus 31d of the market server 31, and therefore description thereof will be omitted.

[0045] [1-2-3. Charge / discharge device] The charging / discharging device 33 charges the power storage device 34 with power supplied from the power grid system, and discharges the power storage device 34 to supply power to the power grid system. The charging / discharging device 33 is communicatively connected to a communication line 36. The charging / discharging device 33 includes a control unit 33a, a memory 33b, a communication I / F 33c, and a communication bus 33d, and further includes a communication I / F 33e and a charging / discharging circuit 33f. The control unit 33a, memory 33b, communication I / F 33c, and communication bus 33d of the charging / discharging device 33 are the same as the control unit 31a, memory 31b, communication I / F 31c, and communication bus 31d of the market server 31, so description thereof will be omitted.

[0046] The communication I / F 33e is an interface for communicating with the power storage device 34. The communication I / F 33e transmits data to the power storage device 34 via the communication bus 38. The communication I / F 33e receives data transmitted by the power storage device 34 via the communication bus 38.

[0047] The charge / discharge circuit 33f sends power supplied from the power system to the power storage device 34, and charges the secondary battery 34f of the power storage device 34. The charge / discharge circuit 33f also discharges the secondary battery 34f of the power storage device 34 to supply power to the power system. The charge / discharge circuit 33f is, for example, an inverter. The charge / discharge circuit 33f and the secondary battery 34f are connected by a predetermined power cable 37.

[0048] The inverter of the charge / discharge circuit 33f is controlled to supply power to the power grid when the frequency of the power grid falls below a specified frequency, and is controlled to charge the power storage device with power supplied from the power grid when the frequency of the power grid rises above a specified frequency.

[0049] [1-2-4. Energy storage device] The power storage device 34 converts electrical energy into chemical energy or the like, stores it, and extracts electricity as needed. The power storage device 34 includes a control unit 34a, a memory 34b, a communication I / F 34e, and a communication bus 34d, and further includes a secondary battery 34f. The control unit 34a, memory 34b, communication I / F 34e, and communication bus 34d of the power storage device 34 are the same as the control unit 33a, memory 33b, communication I / F 33e, and communication bus 33d of the charging / discharging device 33, so a description thereof will be omitted. Other than chemical energy, kinetic energy may be used. For example, it may be a flywheel connected to a generator and a motor.

[0050] The secondary battery 34f converts electrical energy into chemical energy, stores it, and converts the chemical energy back into electrical energy as needed to discharge electricity. The secondary battery 34f is, for example, a lithium ion battery, a nickel metal hydride battery, or a lead battery, but is not limited to these. The secondary battery 34f is connected to the charge / discharge circuit 33f of the charge / discharge device 33 via a power cable 37.

[0051] [1-2-5. Bidder terminal] The bidder terminal 35 is a terminal for a bidder to transmit bidding information to the supply and demand adjustment market and to transmit successful bid information. The bidder terminal 35 is communicatively connected to a communication line 36. The bidder terminal 35 includes a control unit 35a, a memory 35b, a communication I / F 35c, a communication bus 35d, and further includes an input / output unit 35e. The control unit 35a, memory 35b, communication I / F 35c, and communication bus 35d of the bidder terminal 35 are the same as the control unit 31a, memory 31b, communication I / F 31c, and communication bus 31d of the market server 31, so a description thereof will be omitted. The input / output unit 35e is, for example, a liquid crystal display with a touch panel. A bidder inputs bidding information by touching the touch panel. The successful bid information is displayed on the liquid crystal display.

[0052] [1-3. Overall system functions] The functions of the entire system including the supply and demand adjustment system according to this embodiment are realized by the market server 31, management server 32, charge / discharge device 33, electricity storage device 34, and bidder terminal 35 working together.

[0053] [1-3-1. Market Server] The market server 31 is a server that manages the trading of adjustment power in the supply and demand adjustment market. In the supply and demand adjustment market, adjustment power is traded by commercializing the right to provide and take over reserve power as a claim. The trading method is to create an auction market called the supply and demand adjustment market, where those who need reserve power put their adjustment power up for sale in the supply and demand adjustment market, and those who wish to provide reserve power bid and win the bid. Those who need reserve power and those who wish to provide reserve power participate in the supply and demand adjustment market opened in the market server 31 from a PC (Personal Computer), tablet terminal, or mobile phone via communication line 36 without actually meeting each other.

[0054] The market server 31 receives information indicating the adjustment capacity offered by the seller (hereinafter referred to as "offering information"). The listing information includes the expected successful bid price, the amount of power to be adjusted, and the start and end times of the adjustment. The market server 31 receives information indicating the adjustment capacity that is to be won and bid by the bidder (hereinafter referred to as "bidding information"). The bidding information includes the bid price, the amount of power that can be adjusted, and the start and end times of the adjustment. The listing information and bidding information are transmitted from the seller or bidder's device, for example a PC, tablet terminal, or mobile phone, and are received by the market server 31 via the communication line 36.

[0055] The auctioned adjustment capacity and the bidded adjustment capacity to be won are put up for auction according to a predetermined procedure and won. The market server 31 transmits information indicating the won adjustment capacity (hereinafter referred to as "winning bid information") to the successful bidder. The winning bid information indicates the winning bid price, the amount of power that must be adjusted, and the start and end times of the adjustment. The winning bid information may further include identification information specifying the charging / discharging device 33 that will perform the adjustment. The market server 31 transmits the winning bid information to the management server 32, but may also transmit it to the bidder's PC, tablet terminal, or mobile phone.

[0056] [1-3-2. Management Server] FIG. 4 is a functional block diagram showing the functional blocks included in the management server 32. As shown in FIG. The management server 32 is a server that requests the charging / discharging device to charge or discharge the power storage device. The management server 32 also receives the successful bid information transmitted by the market server 31. The management server 32 includes, as functional blocks, a history acquisition unit 41, a determination unit 43, a transmission unit 45, an adjustment time acquisition unit 44, and a power storage capacity acquisition unit 42.

[0057] [History Acquisition Section] FIG. 5 is a diagram showing an example of the charged / discharged power and the accumulated charged power when supply and demand adjustment is performed. The history acquisition unit 41 acquires a charge / discharge history indicating a history of the amount of power that the charge / discharge device has charged or discharged from the power storage device in the supply and demand adjustment that has been performed in the past. The charge / discharge power is the power that the power storage device has charged or discharged when the charge / discharge device has adjusted supply and demand. For example, each time the charge / discharge device 33 performs supply and demand adjustment, it transmits the charge / discharge history of the performed supply and demand adjustment to the management server 32, and the management server 32 stores the transmitted charge / discharge history in memory 32b. The storage location is not limited to the memory 32b of the management server, and may be the memory 31b of the market server or the memory 33b of the charge / discharge device.

[0058] The diagram shown at the top of Fig. 5 is an example of charged and discharged power. In the example shown in Fig. 5, after supply and demand adjustment begins, the power storage device is initially charged and then discharged, and after a period of no charging or discharging passes, it is charged again and supply and demand adjustment ends. In other words, during the period in which the power storage device is charged, the power storage device absorbs surplus power in the power system and contributes to lowering the frequency of the power system. On the other hand, during the period in which the power storage device is discharging, the power storage device supplies power that is insufficient in the power system and contributes to raising the frequency of the power system.

[0059] The diagram shown at the bottom of FIG. 5 is an example of accumulated charging power. The accumulated charging power is an accumulated value of charging and discharging power. In other words, it is a value obtained by integrating the charging and discharging power. In the example shown in FIG. 5, during the period when the power storage device 34 is initially charged, power flows into the secondary battery 34f, and the amount of stored power rises. When the power storage device 34 then starts discharging, power flows out of the secondary battery 34f, and the amount of stored power falls. During the period when the power storage device 34 is neither charging nor discharging, power does not flow into or out of the secondary battery 34f, and the amount of stored power is kept constant. When the power storage device 34 starts charging, power flows into the secondary battery 34f, and the amount of stored power rises. That is, the amount of stored power in the secondary battery 34f changes according to the accumulated charging power.

[0060] The history acquisition unit 41 acquires the history of either the charge / discharge power or the accumulated charge power in supply and demand adjustments that have been performed in the past. The history of the charge / discharge power and the accumulated charge power is stored in the memory 33b of the charge / discharge device 33, for example, when performing supply and demand adjustment. The history acquisition unit 41 acquires the history of either the charge / discharge power or the accumulated charge power from the memory 33b. When the history of the charge / discharge power is acquired, the history acquisition unit 41 integrates the acquired history of the charge / discharge power to acquire the history of the accumulated charge power. Each time supply and demand adjustment of the charge / discharge power is performed, the history acquisition unit 41 acquires the history of either the charge / discharge power or the accumulated charge power at the time of the supply and demand adjustment.

[0061] The charge / discharge history may indicate a history of the amount of power that each of the multiple charge / discharge devices has charged or discharged from the multiple power storage devices in the supply and demand adjustment that has been performed in the past. This allows the determination unit 43, which will be described later, to determine the target remaining power amount taking into consideration the charge / discharge history of the multiple power storage devices. In this case, differences may occur, such as differences in the storage capacity of each power storage device and differences in the time at which supply and demand adjustment is performed. For example, when the storage capacities are different, the target remaining power amount may be determined based on the ratio to the storage capacity of the power storage device. Furthermore, when the time at which supply and demand adjustment is performed is different, correction may be performed by multiplying a predetermined coefficient for each time.

[0062] [Storage capacity acquisition section] The storage capacity acquisition unit 42 acquires the storage capacity of the power storage device 34. When the power storage device 34 stores the storage capacity, the storage capacity acquisition unit 42 transmits a command to the charging / discharging device 33 to cause the charging / discharging device 33 to acquire the storage capacity of the power storage device 34 and transmit the acquired storage capacity to the management server 32, thereby acquiring the storage capacity. When the charging / discharging device 33 stores the storage capacity, the storage capacity acquisition unit 42 transmits a command to the charging / discharging device 33 to cause the charging / discharging device 33 to transmit the stored storage capacity to the management server 32, thereby acquiring the storage capacity. When the storage capacity is stored in the power storage device 34, for example, when it is stored as a database, the storage capacity acquisition unit 42 acquires the storage capacity by referring to the database.

[0063] [Decision section] The determination unit 43 determines a target remaining energy amount, which is a target value of the remaining energy amount of the power storage device before the supply and demand adjustment is performed, based on the charge and discharge history acquired by the history acquisition unit. The determination unit 43 may determine the target remaining energy amount based on the power storage capacity and at least one of the maximum charge amount and the maximum discharge amount of the power storage device in the charge and discharge history.

[0064] Specifically, in order for the power storage device 34 to adjust supply and demand to the maximum, the determination unit 43 refers to the past charge and discharge history, identifies the value of the largest accumulated charging power, and determines the target remaining power amount so that the power storage device 34 can charge the identified accumulated charging power. More specifically, before carrying out supply and demand adjustment, the power storage device 34 needs to secure a surplus capacity for charging the maximum accumulated charging power. Herein, the surplus capacity is a value obtained by subtracting the amount of power stored in the power storage device 34 at the current time point (hereinafter referred to as "remaining power amount") from the storage capacity of the power storage device 34. Hereinafter, this surplus capacity is referred to as the storage surplus capacity. Therefore, there is a relationship between the storage capacity, the storage surplus capacity, and the remaining power amount of "storage capacity = storage surplus capacity + remaining power amount".

[0065] For this reason, in order for the power storage device 34 to charge the maximum accumulated charging power acquired by the history acquisition unit 41 in the supply and demand adjustment, the storage reserve needs to be secured to be equal to or greater than the maximum accumulated charging power acquired by the history acquisition unit 41. That is, the relationship of "storage reserve > maximum accumulated charging power" is required. Since the relationship of "storage capacity = storage reserve + remaining power amount" exists, the remaining power amount needs to be "remaining power amount < storage capacity - maximum accumulated charging power". Therefore, the determination unit 43 determines the target remaining power amount, which is a target value of the remaining power amount, based on the discharge history acquired by the history acquisition unit 41 so as to satisfy the relationship of "remaining power amount < storage capacity - maximum accumulated charging power".

[0066] On the other hand, in order for the power storage device 34 to discharge up to the minimum accumulated charging power acquired by the history acquisition unit 41 during supply and demand adjustment, the remaining power amount needs to be secured to be equal to or greater than the maximum accumulated discharging power acquired by the history acquisition unit 41. In other words, the maximum accumulated discharging power is the minimum accumulated charging power. Therefore, the determination unit 43 determines the target remaining power amount, which is a target value of the remaining power amount, based on the discharge history acquired by the history acquisition unit 41 so as to satisfy the relationship "remaining power amount>maximum accumulated discharging power".

[0067] Therefore, before starting supply and demand adjustment, the past charge and discharge history is referred to and the remaining power amount is adjusted so that the largest accumulated charging power can be charged to the power storage device 34, so that the charging and discharging device 33 can perform supply and demand adjustment offline without communicating with the management server during the period when supply and demand adjustment is performed. Also, before starting supply and demand adjustment, the past charge and discharge history is referred to and the remaining power amount is adjusted so that the smallest accumulated charging power, i.e., the largest accumulated discharging power, can be discharged by the power storage device 34, so that the charging and discharging device 33 can perform supply and demand adjustment offline without communicating with the management server during the period when supply and demand adjustment is performed.

[0068] The determination unit 43 may determine the target remaining energy based on a histogram of at least one of the maximum charging amount and the maximum discharging amount. FIG. 6 is a diagram showing an example of a histogram of the maximum charging amount. The horizontal axis is a value obtained by dividing the maximum value of the accumulated charging power in the supply and demand adjustment into sections of 1 KWh each. The vertical axis is the number of times that the accumulated charging power having the maximum value of the section has appeared. The determination unit 43 determines the target remaining energy so as to cover, for example, 80% of the maximum values ​​of the accumulated charging power that have appeared. In the case of FIG. 6, the target remaining energy is determined so as to cover the lowest 20 samples out of 24 samples.

[0069] [Adjustment time acquisition section] The adjustment time acquisition unit 44 acquires the scheduled start time and scheduled end time of the supply and demand adjustment. Specifically, the start time and end time of the supply and demand adjustment are included in the successful bid information transmitted by the market server 31 via the communication line 36, as described above. The adjustment time acquisition unit 44 receives the transmitted successful bid information via the communication I / F 32b, and acquires the start time and end time of the supply and demand adjustment from the received successful bid information. In the case where the successful bid information is transmitted from a mobile phone or the like of the successful bidder, the adjustment time acquisition unit 44 receives the successful bid information transmitted from the mobile phone or the like, and acquires the start time and end time of the supply and demand adjustment from the received successful bid information.

[0070] [Transmitter] The transmitter 45 transmits, to the charging / discharging device, target information indicating the target remaining energy determined by the determiner 43. The transmitter 45 transmits the target information to the charging / discharging device 33 via the communication I / F 32c and the communication line 36. The transmitter 45 also transmits, to the charging / discharging device 33, time information indicating the scheduled start time and scheduled end time acquired by the adjustment time acquirer 44.

[0071] [1-3-3. Charge / discharge device] The charging / discharging device 33 charges the power storage device 34 with power supplied from the power grid system, and discharges the power storage device 34 to supply power to the power grid system. The charging / discharging device 33 receives target information transmitted by the transmitting unit 45 of the management server 32. Based on the received target information, the charging / discharging device 33 controls the charging / discharging circuit during the period before supply and demand adjustment is performed, and performs charging / discharging so that the remaining power amount of the power storage device becomes the target remaining power amount. During the supply and demand adjustment period, the charging / discharging device 33 performs supply and demand adjustment within the range of power that must be adjusted, which is included in the successful bid information.

[0072] The charging / discharging device 33 may execute a limiting control to limit charging to the power storage device 34 when the remaining energy of the power storage device 34 is greater than a reference energy based on a target remaining energy during a predetermined period before the supply and demand adjustment is started. The predetermined period before the supply and demand adjustment is started is, for example, a period from one hour before the supply and demand adjustment is started to the supply and demand adjustment is started. The reference energy based on the target remaining energy is, for example, 95% of the target remaining energy. The limiting control to limit charging to the power storage device 34 is, for example, a limiting control to limit the charging current to the power storage device 34 to zero or 10% of a normal charging current. That is, as an example, when the remaining energy is greater than 95% of the target remaining energy during a period from one hour before the supply and demand adjustment is started to the supply and demand adjustment, the charging current to the power storage device 34 is limited to 10% of the normal current. By limiting in this way, the purchase of power from the power grid is suppressed, and the sale of power generated by renewable energy to the power grid is promoted, thereby making it possible to perform more economical supply and demand adjustment.

[0073] The charge / discharge circuit 33f is controlled by the control unit 33a. The charge / discharge circuit 33f charges and discharges the power storage device 34 under the control of the control unit 33a. The charge / discharge circuit 33f is, for example, an inverter. The inverter converts AC of a predetermined voltage on the power system side into DC of a predetermined voltage required for charging the secondary battery 34f. The inverter also converts DC of a predetermined voltage from the power storage device 34 to supply AC of a predetermined voltage to the power grid system.

[0074] The communication I / F 33e communicates with the power storage device 34 via the communication bus 38 and the communication I / F 34e. Through this communication, the charging / discharging device 33 obtains information including the storage capacity and remaining power amount of the power storage device 34. Through this communication, the charging / discharging device 33 transmits commands for the power storage device 34 to the power storage device 34.

[0075] As described above, the charging / discharging device 33 controls the charging / discharging circuit based on the target information received by the charging / discharging device 33 during the period before supply and demand adjustment is performed, and charges and discharges the remaining energy of the power storage device 34 to the target remaining energy. However, an EV user may want to charge the power storage device 34 beyond the target remaining energy even during the period in which the charging / discharging device 33 is charging and discharging the remaining energy of the power storage device 34 to the target remaining energy. For example, this may be the case when the user has plans to go out somewhere. In order to meet such a request, the charging / discharging device 33 may be configured to charge the power storage device 34 beyond the target remaining energy by a user operation.

[0076] [1-3-4. Energy storage device] The power storage device 34 converts electrical energy into chemical energy or the like, stores it, and extracts power as needed. Specifically, the power storage device 34 charges a secondary battery 34f included in the power storage device 34 with power supplied from the power grid, and discharges the battery to supply power to the power grid. The control unit 34a, memory 34b, and communication I / F 34e of the power storage device 34 manage the secondary battery 34f. The management of the secondary battery 34f includes obtaining the remaining power of the secondary battery 34f and storing the charging capacity.

[0077] [1-3-5. Bidder terminal] The bidder terminal 35 is a terminal for bidders to send bid information to the supply and demand balancing market and for sending successful bid information. Bidders input bid information by touching the touch panel. The successful bid information is displayed on the liquid crystal display.

[0078] [1-4. Overall system operation] FIG. 7 is a sequence diagram showing the operation of the entire system including the supply and demand adjustment system.

[0079] [Bidder's terminal] [Step S01] The bidder terminal 35 transmits the bid information to the market server 31. The bidder inputs the bid information, for example, by operating a touch panel. After the bidder terminal 35 transmits the bid information, the process proceeds to step S02.

[0080] [Market Server] [Step S02] Next, the market server 31 receives the bidding information transmitted by the bidder terminal. The market server 31 auctions the adjustment capacity to be won indicated in the received bidding information and the adjustment capacity offered by the seller in a predetermined procedure, and determines the successful bid. The market server 31 transmits successful bid information including information on the successful bid to the management server 32 indicated in the bidding information of the successful bid. If the successful bid information indicates the charging / discharging device 33 or the power storage device 34, the market server 31 identifies the management server 32 that manages the charging / discharging device 33 or the power storage device 34 in a predetermined procedure. The market server 31 transmits the successful bid information to the identified management server 32. The market server 31 may transmit the successful bid information to the bidder terminal 35. In this case, the successful bid information is transmitted to the bidder terminal 35, and the bidder inputs the successful bid information to the charging / discharging device 33 or transmits the successful bid information to the management server 32 in a predetermined procedure, such as by operating the charging / discharging device 33. After the market server 31 transmits the successful bid information, the process proceeds to step S03.

[0081] [Management Server] [Step S03] Next, the history acquisition unit 41 of the management server 32 that has received the successful bid information first acquires a charge / discharge history indicating a history of the amount of power that the charge / discharge device has charged or discharged the power storage device in the supply and demand adjustment that has been performed in the past. The charge / discharge device 33 transmits the charge / discharge history of the supply and demand adjustment performed to the management server 32 every time the supply and demand adjustment is performed, and the management server 32 stores the transmitted charge / discharge history in the memory 32b, so the history acquisition unit 41 accesses the memory 32b to acquire the charge / discharge history. If the charge / discharge history is stored in a place other than the memory 32b, the history acquisition unit 41 accesses the place where the charge / discharge history is stored to acquire the charge / discharge history. The charge / discharge history may indicate a history of the amount of power that each of the multiple charge / discharge devices has charged or discharged the multiple power storage devices in the supply and demand adjustment that has been performed in the past. After the history acquisition unit 41 acquires the charge / discharge history, the process proceeds to step S04.

[0082] [Step S04] Next, the storage capacity acquisition unit 42 acquires the storage capacity of the power storage device. If the power storage device 34 stores the storage capacity, the storage capacity acquisition unit 42 transmits a command to the charging / discharging device 33 to cause the charging / discharging device 33 to acquire the storage capacity of the power storage device 34 and transmit the acquired storage capacity to the management server, and acquires the storage capacity. If the charging / discharging device 33 stores the storage capacity, the storage capacity acquisition unit 42 transmits a command to the charging / discharging device 33 to cause the charging / discharging device 33 to transmit the stored storage capacity to the management server, and acquires the storage capacity. If the storage capacity is stored in the power storage device 34, for example, if it is stored as a database, the storage capacity acquisition unit 42 acquires the storage capacity by referring to the database. After the storage capacity acquisition unit 42 acquires the storage capacity, the process proceeds to step S05.

[0083] [Step S05] Next, the determination unit 43 determines a target remaining energy amount, which is a target value of the remaining energy amount of the power storage device before the supply and demand adjustment is performed, based on the charge and discharge history acquired by the history acquisition unit. Specifically, the determination unit 43 determines a target remaining energy amount, which is a target value of the remaining energy amount, based on the discharge history acquired by the history acquisition unit 41 so as to satisfy the relationship of "remaining energy amount<power storage capacity-maximum accumulated charging power". The power storage capacity is acquired by the power storage capacity acquisition unit 42. The maximum value is identified by referring to the charge / discharge history acquired by the history acquisition unit 41, and the determination unit 43 determines the maximum cumulative charging power. The determination unit 43 may determine the target remaining power amount based on a histogram of at least one of the maximum charging amount and the maximum discharging amount. After the determination unit 43 determines the target remaining power amount, the process proceeds to step S06.

[0084] [Step S06] Next, the adjustment time acquisition unit 44 acquires the scheduled start time and scheduled end time of the supply and demand adjustment. Specifically, the time to start and the time to end the supply and demand adjustment are included in the successful bid information transmitted by the market server 31 to the management server 32. The adjustment time acquisition unit 44 acquires the time to start and the time to end the supply and demand adjustment from the received successful bid information. If the successful bid information is transmitted from the mobile phone or the like of the successful bidder, the adjustment time acquisition unit 44 receives the successful bid information transmitted from the mobile phone or the like, and acquires the time to start and the time to end the supply and demand adjustment from the received successful bid information. After the adjustment time acquisition unit 44 acquires the scheduled start time and the scheduled end time, the process proceeds to step S07.

[0085] [Step S07] Next, the transmitting unit 45 transmits target information indicating the target remaining energy amount determined by the determining unit 43 to the charging / discharging device 33. The transmitting unit 45 also transmits time information indicating the scheduled start time and scheduled end time acquired by the adjustment time acquiring unit 44 to the charging / discharging device 33. After the transmitting unit 45 transmits the target information and the time information, the process proceeds to step S08.

[0086] [Charge / discharge device] [Step S08] Next, the charging / discharging device 33 receives the target information and time information transmitted by the output unit of the management server 32. Based on the received target information, during the period before supply and demand adjustment is performed, the charging / discharging device 33 controls the charging / discharging circuit to charge and discharge the power storage device 34 so that the remaining energy amount of the power storage device becomes the target remaining energy amount.

[0087] The charging / discharging device 33 may execute a limiting control to limit charging to the power storage device 34 when the remaining energy of the power storage device 34 is greater than a reference energy based on a target remaining energy during a predetermined period before the supply and demand adjustment is started. The predetermined period before the supply and demand adjustment is started is, for example, a period from one hour before the supply and demand adjustment is started to the supply and demand adjustment is started. The reference energy based on the target remaining energy is, for example, 95% of the target remaining energy. The limiting control to limit charging to the power storage device 34 is, for example, a limiting control to limit a charging current to the power storage device 34 to zero or 10% of a normal charging current. That is, as an example, during a period from one hour before the supply and demand adjustment is started to the supply and demand adjustment is started, the charging current to the power storage device 34 is limited to 10% of the normal current when the remaining energy is greater than 95% of the target remaining energy. When the time has passed the time to start the supply and demand adjustment indicated by the time information, the charging / discharging device 33 proceeds to step S09.

[0088] [Step S09] Next, during the supply and demand adjustment period, the charging / discharging device 33 performs supply and demand adjustment within the range of power that must be adjusted as indicated by the successful bid information. The start and end times of the supply and demand adjustment are indicated by the time information. After the end time of the supply and demand adjustment has passed, the charging / discharging device 33 ends the supply and demand adjustment and proceeds to step S10.

[0089] [Step S10] Next, after completing the supply and demand adjustment, the charging / discharging device 33 transmits the charging / discharging history during the supply and demand adjustment to the storage destination that stores the charging / discharging history. If the storage destination is the charging / discharging device 33, it transmits it to the charging / discharging device 33. If the storage destination is the management server 32, it transmits it to the management server 32. If the storage destination is the market server 31, it transmits it to the market server 31 via the management server 32. After the charging / discharging device 33 transmits the charging / discharging history, the process proceeds to step S11.

[0090] [Step S11] Next, any one of the charging / discharging device 33, the management server 32, and the market server 31 that has received the charging / discharging history stores the charging / discharging history in the corresponding memory. The stored charging / discharging history is used at the time of the next supply and demand adjustment. Each of the above steps may be moved among the market server 31, the management server 32, and the charging / discharging device 33 to the extent possible.

[0091] [1-5. Summary] As described above, before starting supply and demand adjustment, the past charge and discharge history is referred to and the remaining power amount is adjusted so that the largest accumulated charging power can be charged by the power storage device 34, so that the charge and discharge device 33 can perform supply and demand adjustment offline without communicating with the management server during the period when supply and demand adjustment is performed. The supply and demand adjustment system responds to fluctuations in the power system in a short time while performing supply and demand adjustment offline. Although the management server 32 and the charging / discharging device 33 have been described as being separate devices, the management server 32 and the charging / discharging device 33 may be integrated into a single device.

[0092] <Embodiment 2> [2. Details of the Second Embodiment of the Present Disclosure] [2-1. Incentives] The supply and demand adjustment system according to the present disclosure refers to past charge and discharge history before starting supply and demand adjustment, and adjusts the remaining power amount so that the largest cumulative charging power can be charged to the power storage device, so that supply and demand adjustment can be performed offline without communication with the charge and discharge device and the management server during the period when supply and demand adjustment is performed. Since the period when supply and demand adjustment is performed is offline, there are times when the successful bid adjustment capacity cannot be fully fulfilled. In other words, there are times when the accepted reserve power cannot be supplied to or accepted by the power grid. On the other hand, sellers who need reserve power would like the successful bid adjustment capacity to be fully fulfilled as much as possible.

[0093] Therefore, some kind of incentive is given to bidders who fully utilize the adjustment capacity they have won. The incentives shown in Figure 7 correspond to this. For example, the incentive could be virtual currency that can be paid as payment for purchased electricity. This creates an incentive for bidders to fully utilize the adjustment capacity they have won, increasing the probability that the adjustment capacity they have won will be fully utilized.

[0094] [3-1 Appendix 1] The embodiments disclosed herein are illustrative in all respects and are not restrictive. The scope of the present invention is defined by the claims rather than the above-described embodiments, and includes the meaning equivalent to the claims and all modifications within the scope thereof. [Explanation of symbols]

[0095] 11 Power system 12. Power Plant 12a Thermal power plant 12b Renewable energy power plants 13 Power transmission facilities 14. Substation Equipment 15 Power distribution equipment 16 Consumer equipment 17 Energy storage facilities 31 Market Server 31a Control section 31b Memory 31c Communication I / F 31d Communication Bus 32 Management Server 32a Control section 32b memory 32c Communication I / F 32d Communication Bus 33 Charge / discharge device 33a Control section 33b Memory 33c Communication I / F 33d Communication Bus 33f charge / discharge circuit 34 Energy storage device 34a Control section 34b Memory 34c Communication I / F 34d Communication Bus 34f secondary battery 35 Bidder Terminal 35a Control section 35b Memory 35c Communication I / F 35d Communication Bus 35e input / output section 36 Communication Lines 37 Power Cable 38 Communication Bus 41 History Acquisition Section 42 Storage capacity acquisition unit 43 Decision Section 44 Adjustment time acquisition section 45 Transmitter

Claims

1. A supply and demand adjustment system that adjusts supply and demand of electricity in a power system, a charging / discharging device that charges a power storage device with power supplied from the power grid and discharges the power storage device to supply power to the power grid; a management server that requests the charging / discharging device to charge or discharge the power storage device, The management server includes: a history acquisition unit that acquires a charge / discharge history indicating a history of electric power that the charging / discharging device has charged or discharged from the power storage device in the supply and demand adjustment that has been performed in the past; a determination unit that determines a target remaining energy amount, which is a target value of a remaining energy amount of the power storage device before the supply and demand adjustment is performed, based on the charge and discharge history acquired by the history acquisition unit; Including, Supply and demand adjustment system.

2. The management server includes: The supply and demand adjustment system according to claim 1 , further comprising a transmission unit that transmits target information indicating the target remaining energy amount determined by the determination unit to the charging / discharging device.

3. The management server includes: An adjustment time acquisition unit that acquires a scheduled start time and a scheduled end time of the supply and demand adjustment, the transmission unit transmits, to the charging / discharging device, time information indicating the scheduled start time and the scheduled end time acquired by the adjustment time acquisition unit. The supply and demand adjustment system according to claim 2 .

4. The management server includes: A storage capacity acquisition unit that acquires a storage capacity of the power storage device, The determination unit determines the target remaining power amount based on the storage capacity and at least one of a maximum charge amount and a maximum discharge amount of the storage device in the charge / discharge history. The supply and demand adjusting system according to claim 1 .

5. The determination unit determines the target remaining power amount based on a histogram of at least one of the maximum charging amount and the maximum discharging amount. The supply and demand adjusting system according to claim 4.

6. the target remaining energy amount includes a maximum target value and a minimum target value of the remaining energy amount of the power storage device, The determination unit determines the maximum target value based on the maximum charge amount in the charge / discharge history. The supply and demand adjusting system according to claim 4.

7. the target remaining energy amount includes a maximum target value and a minimum target value of the remaining energy amount of the power storage device, The determination unit determines the minimum target value based on the maximum discharge amount in the charge / discharge history. The supply and demand adjusting system according to claim 4.

8. the charging / discharging device executes a limiting control to limit charging to the power storage device when the remaining power amount of the power storage device is greater than a reference power amount based on the target remaining power amount during a predetermined period before the supply and demand adjustment is started. The supply and demand adjusting system according to claim 6.

9. The charge / discharge history indicates a history of the amount of power that each of the plurality of charge / discharge devices has charged or discharged to the plurality of power storage devices in the supply and demand adjustment that has been performed in the past. The supply and demand adjusting system according to claim 1 .

10. A supply and demand adjustment device that charges a power storage device with power supplied from a power grid, and requests a charging / discharging device that discharges the power storage device to supply power to the power grid, thereby adjusting supply and demand of power in the power grid, a history acquisition unit that acquires a charge / discharge history indicating a history of an amount of power that the charging / discharging device has charged or discharged from the power storage device in the supply and demand adjustment that has been performed in the past; a determination unit that determines a target remaining amount of electricity storage, which is a target value of a remaining amount of the electricity storage device before the supply and demand adjustment is performed, based on the charge and discharge history; Equipped with Supply and demand adjustment device.

11. A control method for controlling a supply and demand adjustment device that adjusts supply and demand of power in a power grid by requesting a charging / discharging device that charges a power storage device with power supplied from a power grid and discharges the power storage device to supply power to the power grid to charge or discharge the power storage device, comprising: acquiring a charge / discharge history indicating a history of the amount of electric power that the charging / discharging device has charged or discharged from the power storage device in the supply and demand adjustment that has been performed in the past; determining a target remaining amount of electricity storage, which is a target value of a remaining amount of the electricity storage device before the supply and demand adjustment is performed, based on the charge and discharge history; Control methods.

12. A program for operating a computer to control a supply and demand adjustment device that adjusts supply and demand of power in the power grid by charging a power storage device with power supplied from a power grid and requesting a charging / discharging device that discharges the power storage device to supply power to the power grid to charge or discharge the power storage device, acquiring a charge / discharge history indicating a history of the amount of power that the charging / discharging device has charged or discharged from the power storage device in the supply and demand adjustment that has been performed in the past; determining a target remaining amount of electricity storage, which is a target value of a remaining amount of the electricity storage device before the supply and demand adjustment is performed, based on the charge and discharge history; Programs including.

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