Maximum power point tracking method and apparatus based on solar array output characteristic

Abstract

To provide a maximum power point tracking method and apparatus based on an output characteristic of a solar array characterized in that: it is unnecessary to scan a perfect solar array output power characteristic curve; an optimization speed is greatly upgraded; a particle group algorithm is used to accurately search the output power characteristic curve in order to obtain an actually globally best point of the output power characteristic curve, that is, a target maximum power point: and thus it is avoided that the algorithm becomes locally optimal.SOLUTION: A method is such that: a theory that locally best points of a solar array output power characteristic curve are equally distributed with a solar module broken circuit voltage as a reference quantity is utilized to search the output power characteristic curve using a broken circuit voltage of a solar module as a search step size; and thus a globally best point of the output power characteristic curve, that is, a first maximum power point is immediately identified.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of solar arrays, and more particularly to a method and apparatus for maximum power point tracking based on the output characteristics of a solar array. [Background technology]

[0002] As the energy conversion unit of the solar power generation system, the solar array is one of the research topics in the field of solar power generation technology. The PV output of the solar array has complex nonlinear characteristics and is affected by external environments such as temperature and light irradiation intensity. When the surface of the solar array is uniformly irradiated with light, its PV output will have a single-peak characteristic, and there will be a global maximum power point on the PV curve. When the surface of the solar array is not uniformly irradiated with light, for example, the solar array is blocked by objects such as fallen leaves or black clouds, and there is a shadow on the surface of the solar array, the PV output of the solar array will have a multi-peak characteristic, and there will be several local maximum power points on the PV curve. In practical applications, the solar system needs to ensure that the solar array always outputs the maximum power through a corresponding control method to improve the efficiency of the solar system, and the above control process is maximum power point tracking (MPPT).

[0003] Most of the traditional maximum power point tracking (MPPT) methods use complex mathematical methods or combine deep learning, etc., which makes them difficult to implement and the implementation process is complicated, making them difficult to apply in practice. In addition, most of the methods require scanning the complete PU characteristic curve, which makes the search speed slow. Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0004] In view of this, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method and apparatus for maximum power point tracking based on output characteristics of a solar array to solve the technical problems of the conventional technology, such as a high level of difficulty in implementing maximum power point tracking, a complicated implementation process, difficulty in practical application, and a slow search speed. [Means for solving the problem]

[0005] The technical solutions of the present invention are as follows:

[0006] In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a maximum power point tracking method based on a solar array output characteristic, the solar array including a solar module, the method including: acquiring an output voltage, an output current, and a first open circuit voltage of the solar module; determining a voltage-current characteristic curve and an output power characteristic curve of the solar array based on the output voltage and the output current; searching the output power characteristic curve using a distribution principle that local best points of the voltage-current characteristic curve and the output power characteristic curve are evenly distributed with the first open circuit voltage as a search step size, to obtain a first maximum power point; and performing particle swarm algorithm processing based on the first maximum power point to obtain a target maximum power point of the solar array.

[0007] With reference to the first aspect, in an alternative embodiment of the first aspect, obtaining a first open circuit voltage of the solar module includes obtaining a second open circuit voltage of the solar array and a number of series cells of the solar array, and determining the first open circuit voltage based on the second open circuit voltage and the number of series cells.

[0008] With reference to the first aspect, in another alternative embodiment of the first aspect, the step of searching on the output power characteristic curve to obtain a first maximum power point using a distribution principle in which local best points of the voltage-current characteristic curve and the output power characteristic curve are evenly distributed with the first open circuit voltage as a reference quantity, with the first open circuit voltage as a search step size, includes the steps of determining an initial point voltage based on the first open circuit voltage; determining a maximum search voltage based on the initial point voltage, the first open circuit voltage, and the number of series batteries; determining a search range based on the initial point voltage and the maximum search voltage; and searching on the output power characteristic curve within the search range, with the first open circuit voltage as the search step size based on the voltage-current characteristic curve, to obtain the first maximum power point.

[0009] Referring to the first aspect, in another alternative embodiment of the first aspect, the step of searching on the output power characteristic curve with the first open circuit voltage as the search step size based on the voltage-current characteristic curve within the search range to obtain the first maximum power point includes the steps of: acquiring a first voltage of the solar array; determining a first current of the solar array on the voltage-current characteristic curve based on the first voltage; determining a first power of the solar array based on the first voltage and the first current; updating the first voltage based on the search step size and acquiring an updated second voltage and second current of the solar array; determining a second power of the solar array based on the second voltage and the second current; comparing the second power with the first power; if the second power is greater than the first power, updating the first power using the second power and updating the first voltage using the second voltage, iterating the second voltage to the maximum search voltage and stopping the iteration to obtain a target voltage; and determining the first maximum power point on the output power characteristic curve based on the target voltage.

[0010] Referring to the first aspect, in another alternative embodiment of the first aspect, the method further includes the steps of: after comparing the second power with the first power, if the second power is smaller than the first power, determining a first maximum power of the solar array based on the voltage-current characteristic curve, the maximum search voltage, and the second current; comparing the first maximum power with the first power; if the first maximum power is greater than the first power, updating the first voltage based on the search step size and obtaining the updated second voltage and second current of the solar array; repeating the steps of determining the first maximum power point on the output power characteristic curve based on the target voltage; if the first maximum power is equal to or less than the first power, determining whether the second power is equal to the first power; and if the second power is equal to the first power, setting the power point corresponding to the second power as the first maximum power point.

[0011] Referring to the first aspect, in another alternative embodiment of the first aspect, the step of performing a particle swarm algorithm process based on the first maximum power point to obtain a target maximum power point of the solar array includes: The method includes the steps of: determining a third voltage of the solar array on the output power characteristic curve based on the first maximum power point; determining an initialization voltage of each particle based on the third voltage; calculating a first search power of each of the particles based on the initialization voltage of each of the particles; determining a second maximum power and a third maximum power of the solar array based on each of the first search powers; updating a position and a velocity of each of the particles and determining whether the second maximum power is equal to the third maximum power; if the second maximum power is equal to the third maximum power, obtaining a fourth voltage and a third current of the solar array; determining a third power of the solar array based on the fourth voltage and the third current; determining whether the third power satisfies a predetermined power range; and if the third power satisfies the predetermined power range, setting a power point corresponding to the second maximum power as the target maximum power point.

[0012] Referring to the first aspect, in another alternative embodiment of the first aspect, after the step of updating the position and velocity of each of the particles and determining whether the second maximum power is equal to the third maximum power, if the second maximum power is not equal to the third maximum power, the steps of calculating a first search power for each of the particles based on the initialization voltage of each of the particles after updating, and if the third power satisfies the predetermined power range, setting the power point corresponding to the second maximum power as the target maximum power point are further included.

[0013] In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a maximum power point tracking device based on a solar array output characteristic, the solar array including a solar module, the maximum power point tracking device including: an acquisition module for acquiring an output voltage, an output current, and a first open circuit voltage of the solar array; a determination module for determining a voltage-current characteristic curve and an output power characteristic curve of the solar array based on the output voltage and the output current; a search module for performing a search on the output power characteristic curve to obtain a first maximum power point using a distribution principle in which the first open circuit voltage is used as a search step size and local best points of the voltage-current characteristic curve and the output power characteristic curve are evenly distributed with the first open circuit voltage as a reference quantity; and a processing module for performing particle swarm algorithm processing based on the first maximum power point to obtain a target maximum power point of the solar array.

[0014] In a third aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a computer-readable storage medium having stored thereon computer instructions for causing a computer to execute a maximum power point tracking method based on a solar array output characteristic according to any one of the first and second embodiments of the present invention.

[0015] In a fourth aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides an electronic device including a memory and a processor communicatively connected to each other, wherein a computer program is stored in the memory, and wherein the processor executes the computer program to perform the maximum power point tracking method based on solar array output characteristics according to any one of the first and second aspects of the embodiment of the present invention. Effect of the Invention

[0016] The technical solution of the present invention has the following advantages:

[0017] The maximum power point tracking method based on the output characteristics of the solar array according to the embodiment of the present invention utilizes the principle that each local best point of the solar array output power characteristic curve is located near an integer multiple of the open circuit voltage of the solar module, i.e., each local best point is evenly distributed with the open circuit voltage of the solar module as a reference quantity, and can quickly identify the global best point of the output power characteristic curve, i.e., the first maximum power point, by simply searching the output power characteristic curve with the open circuit voltage of the solar module as the search step size. Compared with the conventional tracking method, there is no need to scan the complete solar array output power characteristic curve, so the optimization speed is greatly improved, and the particle swarm algorithm is used to perform an accurate search to obtain the actual global best point of the output power characteristic curve, i.e., the target maximum power point, thereby avoiding the algorithm becoming locally optimal. In addition, the search process utilizes the solar array's own characteristics in the operation process, so it is universal and reliable, and can be used for the popularization and use of solar power plants.

[0018] In order to more clearly describe the specific embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly describes the drawings used for describing the specific embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention, and those skilled in the art can obtain other drawings based on these drawings without creative efforts. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0019] [Figure 1] 2 is a flowchart of a maximum power point tracking method based on a solar array output characteristic according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Diagram 2] 2 is a flowchart of step 103 according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Diagram 3] 2 is a flowchart of step 104 according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 4] 4 is another flowchart of a maximum power point tracking method based on solar array output characteristics according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Diagram 5] FIG. 2 is an equivalent circuit diagram of a 4×2 solar array according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 6] FIG. 4 is an output characteristic curve diagram of a 4×2 solar array according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 7] FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing the configuration of a maximum power point tracking method and apparatus based on a solar array output characteristic according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 8] 1 is a structural schematic diagram of a computer-readable storage medium according to an embodiment of the present invention; [Figure 9] 1 is a structural schematic diagram of an electronic device according to an embodiment of the present invention; DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0020] In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some of the embodiments of the present invention, but not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments that a person skilled in the art can obtain without making creative efforts belong to the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0021] It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," and the like in the present specification and claims, as well as in the drawings described above, are intended to distinguish between similar objects without necessarily being used to describe a particular order or priority. It should be understood that the data so used may be interchanged where appropriate, such that the embodiments of the present invention described herein may be practiced in orders other than those shown or described herein. Furthermore, the terms "comprise," "have," or any other variants are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such as a process, method, system, product, or apparatus that includes a series of steps or units, including steps or units not expressly listed, and including other steps or units not expressly listed or inherent to those processes, methods, products, or apparatus.

[0022] An embodiment of the present invention provides a maximum power point tracking method based on solar array output characteristics, and as shown in FIG. 1, the method includes the following steps: Step 101: Obtain the output voltage, output current and first open circuit voltage of the solar array. Here, the solar array includes solar modules. Specifically, the output voltage, output current and the first open circuit voltage V of the solar array and the solar module OC,M Collect. Step 102: Determine a voltage-current characteristic curve and an output power characteristic curve of the solar array based on the output voltage and the output current. Specifically, the voltage-current characteristic curve (IU characteristic curve) and the output power characteristic curve (PU characteristic curve) of the solar array can be obtained based on the collected output voltage and output current of the solar array. Step 103: Using the first open circuit voltage as a search step size, searching is performed on the output power characteristic curve using the distribution principle that the local best points of the voltage-current characteristic curve and the output power characteristic curve are evenly distributed with the first open circuit voltage as a reference quantity, to obtain a first maximum power point. Specifically, by using the IU characteristic curve, the local best point of the solar array PU characteristic curve is the first open circuit voltage V OC,M Based on the principle that the standard quantity is uniformly distributed, V OC,M The global best point on the PU characteristic curve, i.e., the first maximum power point, is searched for with a search step size ΔV. Step 104: Based on the first maximum power point, perform particle swarm algorithm processing to obtain a target maximum power point of the solar array. TIFF2025040913000002.tif120164

[0023] In the embodiment of the present invention, N is the number of initial search points on the PU characteristic curve, and P best,id is the maximum power that each search point searches locally, G best,id is the maximum power that each search point searches globally. Specifically, the particle swarm algorithm is used to find the actual maximum power point of the PU characteristic curve near the first maximum power point, i.e., the target maximum power point P GM Search accurately. The particle swarm algorithm process prevents the maximum power point of the search from being a local optimum power point, and improves the tracking accuracy of the maximum power point.

[0024] The maximum power point tracking method based on the solar array output characteristics according to the embodiment of the present invention utilizes the principle that each local best point of the solar array output power characteristic curve is located near an integer multiple of the open circuit voltage of the solar module, that is, each local best point is evenly distributed with the open circuit voltage of the solar module as a reference quantity, and can quickly identify the global best point of the output power characteristic curve, i.e., the first maximum power point, by simply searching the output power characteristic curve with the open circuit voltage of the solar module as the search step size. Compared with the conventional tracking method, there is no need to scan the complete solar array output power characteristic curve, so the optimization speed is greatly improved, and the particle swarm algorithm is used to perform an accurate search to obtain the actual global best point of the output power characteristic curve, i.e., the target maximum power point, thereby avoiding the algorithm from becoming a local optimum. In addition, the search process utilizes the solar array's own characteristics in the operating process, which is universal and reliable, and can be used for the popularization and use of solar power plants.

[0025] As an alternative embodiment of this invention, obtaining a first open circuit voltage of the solar module includes obtaining a second open circuit voltage of the solar array and a number of series cells of the solar array, and determining the first open circuit voltage based on the second open circuit voltage and the number of series cells. Specifically, the second open circuit voltage V of the solar array OC,Array and the number of series batteries in the solar array, N S Measure. The first open circuit voltage V of the solar array is calculated using the following equation (5). OC,M Calculate. TIFF2025040913000003.tif1273

[0026] As an alternative embodiment of the present invention, as shown in FIG. 2 , step 103 includes the steps of determining an initial point voltage based on the first open circuit voltage; determining a maximum search voltage based on the initial point voltage, the first open circuit voltage and the number of series batteries; determining a search range based on the initial point voltage and the maximum search voltage; and within the search range, searching on the output power characteristic curve based on the voltage-current characteristic curve with the first open circuit voltage as the search step size to obtain the first maximum power point. Specifically, as shown in the following relational expression (6), the search step size ΔV is set to 0.5 times the initial point voltage ΔV 1st , let us assume that. TIFF2025040913000004.tif1173The maximum search voltage V LIM , i.e., the final local best point is (N S -1)V OC,M and N S V OC,M Located between. TIFF2025040913000005.tif1188Furthermore, the search range is the initial point voltage ΔV 1st and the maximum search voltage V LIM Between. Furthermore, the initial voltage ΔV 1st and the maximum search voltage V LIM Between these, the PU characteristic curve is searched for using a search step size ΔV to obtain the first maximum power point. Further, as shown in FIG. 2, within the search range, the step of searching on the output power characteristic curve with the first open circuit voltage as the search step size based on the voltage-current characteristic curve to obtain the first maximum power point includes the steps of: acquiring a first voltage of the solar array; determining a first current of the solar array on the voltage-current characteristic curve based on the first voltage; determining a first power of the solar array based on the first voltage and the first current; updating the first voltage based on the search step size and acquiring an updated second voltage and second current of the solar array; determining a second power of the solar array based on the second voltage and the second current; comparing the second power with the first power; if the second power is greater than the first power, updating the first power using the second power and updating the first voltage using the second voltage, iterating the second voltage to the maximum search voltage and stopping the iteration to obtain a target voltage; and determining the first maximum power point on the output power characteristic curve based on the target voltage. Specifically, the current voltage of the solar array, i.e. the first voltage V PV Measure. Then, the measured first voltage V PV Based on the IU characteristic curve, the corresponding first current I PV can be determined. Furthermore, the present power of the solar array, that is, the first power P PV Calculate. TIFF2025040913000006.tif1169 In addition, the current power of the solar array P PV and current voltage V PV Remember, P PV,stored and V PV,stored It is written as follows. Furthermore, the search step size ΔV = V OC,M The voltage of the solar array, i.e., the first voltage, is updated using the above, and the second voltage and second current of the solar array after the update are measured. Furthermore, the second voltage and the second current are substituted into the above relational expression (8) to calculate the updated second power of the solar array. Furthermore, the second power after the solar array is updated and the first power before the update, i.e., the currently recorded solar array power P PV,stored Compare with. In addition, the second power of the solar array after the update is the currently recorded solar array power P PV,stored If it is greater than , the second voltage after the solar array update is iterated to the maximum search voltage V LIM The currently recorded solar array power P PV,stored and the currently recorded solar array voltage V PV,stored with the updated second power and second voltage. Finally, based on the second voltage of the solar array after stopping the iteration, i.e., the target voltage, a global best point, i.e., the first maximum power point, is determined on the PU characteristic curve.

[0027] As an alternative embodiment of the present invention, as shown in FIG. 2, after comparing the second power with the first power, the method further includes the steps of: determining a first maximum power of the solar array based on the voltage-current characteristic curve, the maximum search voltage, and the second current if the second power is smaller than the first power; comparing the first maximum power with the first power; if the first maximum power is greater than the first power, updating the first voltage based on the search step size and obtaining the updated second voltage and second current of the solar array to determining the first maximum power point on the output power characteristic curve based on the target voltage; if the first maximum power is less than or equal to the first power, determining whether the second power is equal to the first power; and if the second power is equal to the first power, setting the power point corresponding to the second power as the first maximum power point. Specifically, the second power of the solar array after the update is the currently recorded solar array power P PV,stored If it is smaller than the maximum power P that can appear from the current point on the PU characteristic curve,LIM , i.e. the first maximum power is calculated. Here, in the solar array IU characteristic curve, as the solar array voltage increases, the following V OC,M Until the current reaches the maximum search voltage V LIM By the time I PV If it does not change, the first maximum power P LIM is shown in the following relation (9). TIFF2025040913000007.tif1169Furthermore, the first maximum power P LIM and the currently recorded solar array power P PV,stored Compare with. 1st maximum power P LIM is the currently recorded solar array power P PV,stored If it is greater than , it indicates that there is a higher power point on the PU characteristic curve, and the voltage of the solar array is updated with the search step size ΔV, and the search continues until the first maximum power point is obtained. 1st maximum power P LIM is the currently recorded solar array power P PV,stored If it is less than or equal to the current voltage of the solar array, the current voltage of the solar array is recorded as the voltage V PV,stored The second power, which is the current power of the solar array, is set equal to the current recorded solar array power P PV,stored It is determined whether the power is equal to a first power. In addition, the second power is the power P of the solar array currently being recorded. PV,stored If so, store the second power and determine the power point corresponding to the second power as the first maximum power point. In addition, the second power is the power P of the solar array currently being recorded. PV,stored If not, return to step 101 above.

[0028] As an alternative embodiment of the present invention, as shown in FIG. 3, step 104 includes the steps of: determining a third voltage of the solar array on the output power characteristic curve based on the first maximum power point; determining an initialization voltage of each particle based on the third voltage; calculating a first search power of each particle based on the initialization voltage of each particle; determining a second maximum power and a third maximum power of the solar array based on each of the first search powers; updating the position and velocity of each particle and determining whether the second maximum power is equal to the third maximum power; if the second maximum power is equal to the third maximum power, obtaining a fourth voltage and a third current of the solar array; determining a third power of the solar array based on the fourth voltage and the third current; determining whether the third power meets a predetermined power range; and if the third power meets the predetermined power range, setting the power point corresponding to the second maximum power as the target maximum power point. Specifically, the first maximum power point is used to determine the third voltage of the solar array on the PU characteristic curve, i.e., the last recorded V PV,stored Determine. Furthermore, in the embodiment of the present invention, V PV,stored The initialization voltages of five search points are given within the interval. Specifically, the initialization current of each search point is determined on the basis of the initialization voltage of each search point using the IU characteristic curve. Furthermore, the first search power of each search point can be calculated based on the initialization voltage of each search point and the initialization current of each search point, using the above relational expression (8) and the output power characteristic curve. Furthermore, each first search power is compared to find the local maximum power, i.e., the second maximum power G best,id , and the global maximum power, i.e., the third maximum power P best,id get. Furthermore, the position and velocity of each particle are updated, and the second maximum power G best,id is the third maximum power P best,id Determine whether it is equal to 2nd maximum power G best,id is the third maximum power Pbest,id If it is equal to, the fourth voltage and the third current of the solar array are measured, and the third power of the solar array can be calculated based on the measured fourth voltage and third current using the above relational equation (8). Here, the predetermined power range is determined based on the third maximum power, and is from 98% of the third maximum power to 102% of the third maximum power. Furthermore, if the third power is within the above-mentioned predetermined power range, it indicates that the operating conditions in which the solar array is placed have not changed, that is, the second maximum power is then the maximum power of the output solar array, and further, the power point corresponding to the second maximum power is the target maximum power point. Furthermore, if the third power is not within the above-mentioned predetermined power range, it indicates that the operating conditions in which the solar array is placed have changed, and the solar array maximum power point needs to be searched for from the beginning, i.e., back to step 101 .

[0029] As an alternative embodiment of the present invention, as shown in FIG. 3, after the step of updating the position and velocity of each of the particles and determining whether the second maximum power is equal to the third maximum power, the method further includes the steps of: if the second maximum power is not equal to the third maximum power, calculating a first search power for each of the particles based on the initialization voltage of each of the particles after updating each of the particles; and if the third power satisfies the predetermined power range, repeating the steps of setting the power point corresponding to the second maximum power as the target maximum power point. Specifically, the second maximum power G best,id is the third maximum power P best,id If not, perform an accurate search again based on each updated particle, i.e., return to the above step of "calculating the first search power of each of the particles based on the initialization voltage of each of the particles" and repeat the process until proceeding to the above step of "if the third power satisfies the predetermined power range, set the power point corresponding to the second maximum power as the target maximum power point".

[0030] In one embodiment, a maximum power point tracking method based on solar array output characteristics is provided, the flow chart of which is shown in FIG. 4 and includes the following steps: Step 1: Set the initial conditions using a 4×2 solar array as an example. S is 4, V OC,M is 43.6V, the equivalent circuit diagram of the solar array used is shown in FIG. 5, and the output characteristic curve of the solar array is shown in FIG. 1. Set the step size ΔV. TIFF2025040913000008.tif1657 where V OC,Array is the open circuit voltage of the solar array. 2. Initial point ΔV 1st Set. TIFF2025040913000009.tif13393.Maximum search voltage V LIM Set. TIFF2025040913000010.tif1169The role of this step is to provide initial values ​​and search ranges for step 2. Step 2: Search for the global best point (maximum power point on the PU characteristic curve). 1. Solar array initial voltage V PV Set. TIFF2025040913000011.tif11392.Solar array voltage V PV , current I PV Measure the solar array power P PV , to calculate. TIFF2025040913000012.tif11483.Solar array power P PV , solar array voltage V PV Remember. 4. Solar array voltage V PV = ΔV PV,stored Update +ΔV. 5. Updated voltage V PV , I PV Measure P PV Calculate. 6.P PV P PV,stored Determine whether it is greater than 7.P PV P PV,stored If it is greater than P PV,stored and V PV,stored Override and after the override, V PV V LIM If it is not equal, return to step 4; if it is equal, proceed to step 3. 8.P PV P PV,stored If P LIM =V LIM ×I PV Calculate. 9.P LIM P PV,stored Determine whether it is greater than 10.P LIM P PV,stored If it is, go back to step 4. 11.P LIM P PV,stored If V is less than or equal to PV V PV,stored Set it equal to 12.P PV P PV,stored Determine whether it is equal to P PV P PV,stored If it is equal to, go to step 3 and PV P PV,stored If not, go back to step 1. Step 3: Utilize particle swarm algorithm to find the actual maximum power point. 1. After step 2, the last V stored in step 2 PV,stored (i.e., the global best point obtained in step 2) is used to calculate the V PV,stored Five particle initialization voltages are given within the interval. 2. Calculate each particle point power. 3. Compare the powers to get the global maximum power and the historical maximum power (local maximum power). 4. Update the positions and velocities of the particle points. 5. Determine if the maximum power point has been reached. 6. If the maximum power point is not reached, go to step 2, else go to step 7. 7. Maximum power point P GM Remember. 8. V PV , I PV Measure P PV Calculate. 9.P PV P GM 98%~P GM Determine whether it is at 102% of the original value. If the result of the determination in 10.9 is YES, proceed to step 8, the power is the actual maximum power point of the solar array. If the result of the determination in 11.9 is NO, return to step 1.

[0031] An embodiment of the present invention further provides a maximum power point tracking device based on a solar array output characteristic, as shown in FIG. 7, the solar array includes a solar module, and the device includes: an acquisition module 201, a determination module 202, a search module 203, and a processing module 204; The acquisition module 201 is used for acquiring the output voltage, output current and the first open circuit voltage of the solar array, for details, please refer to the relevant description of step 101 in the above method embodiment. The determination module 202 is used to determine the voltage-current characteristic curve and the output power characteristic curve of the solar array based on the output voltage and the output current, for details, please refer to the relevant description of step 102 in the above method embodiment. The search module 203 is used to search on the output power characteristic curve to obtain a first maximum power point by using the first open circuit voltage as a search step size and utilizing a distribution principle that the local best points of the voltage-current characteristic curve and the output power characteristic curve are evenly distributed with the first open circuit voltage as a reference quantity. For details, please refer to the relevant description of step 103 in the above method embodiment. The processing module 204 is used to perform particle swarm algorithm processing based on the first maximum power point to obtain a target maximum power point of the solar array, for details, please refer to the relevant description of step 104 in the above method embodiment.

[0032] The maximum power point tracking device based on the solar array output characteristics according to the embodiment of the present invention utilizes the principle that each local best point of the solar array output power characteristic curve is located near an integer multiple of the open circuit voltage of the solar module, that is, each local best point is evenly distributed with the open circuit voltage of the solar module as a reference amount, and can quickly identify the global best point of the output power characteristic curve, i.e., the first maximum power point, by simply searching the output power characteristic curve with the open circuit voltage of the solar module as the search step size. Compared with the conventional tracking method, there is no need to scan the complete solar array output power characteristic curve, so the optimization speed is greatly improved, and the particle swarm algorithm is used to perform an accurate search to obtain the actual global best point of the output power characteristic curve, i.e., the target maximum power point, thereby avoiding the algorithm from becoming locally optimal. In addition, the search process utilizes the solar array's own characteristics in the operating process, which is universal and reliable, and can be used for the popularization and use of solar power plants.

[0033] As an alternative embodiment of this embodiment of the present invention, the acquisition module includes a first acquisition sub-module for acquiring a second open circuit voltage of the solar array and a number of series batteries of the solar array, and a first determination sub-module for determining the first open circuit voltage based on the second open circuit voltage and the number of series batteries. As an alternative embodiment of the present invention, the search module includes a second determination submodule for determining an initial point voltage based on the first open circuit voltage, a third determination submodule for determining a maximum search voltage based on the initial point voltage, the first open circuit voltage and the number of series batteries, a fourth determination submodule for determining a search range based on the initial point voltage and the maximum search voltage, and a search submodule for searching the output power characteristic curve within the search range based on the voltage-current characteristic curve with the first open circuit voltage as the search step size to obtain the first maximum power point.

[0034] In an alternative embodiment of the present invention, the search sub-module further comprises: a second acquisition submodule for acquiring a first voltage of the solar array; a fifth determination submodule for determining a first current of the solar array on the voltage-current characteristic curve based on the first voltage; a sixth determination submodule for determining a first power of the solar array based on the first voltage and the first current; an acquisition submodule for updating the first voltage based on the search step size and acquiring an updated second voltage and second current of the solar array; a seventh determination submodule for determining a second power of the solar array based on the second voltage and the second current; a first comparison submodule for comparing the second power with the first power;

[0035] As an alternative embodiment of the embodiment of the present invention, the search submodule further includes a ninth determination submodule for determining a first maximum power of the solar array based on the voltage-current characteristic curve, the maximum search voltage, and the second current when the second power is smaller than the first power; a second comparison submodule for comparing the first maximum power with the first power; a first repetition submodule for repeating the steps of updating the first voltage based on the search step size and obtaining the updated second voltage and second current of the solar array when the first maximum power is greater than the first power to determining the first maximum power point on the output power characteristic curve based on the target voltage; a first judgment submodule for determining whether the second power is equal to the first power when the first maximum power is equal to or less than the first power; and a tenth determination submodule for setting the power point corresponding to the second power as the first maximum power point when the second power is equal to the first power.

[0036] As an alternative embodiment of the embodiment of the present invention, the processing module includes an eleventh determination submodule for determining a third voltage of the solar array on the output power characteristic curve based on the first maximum power point, a twelfth determination submodule for determining an initialization voltage of each particle based on the third voltage, a calculation submodule for calculating a first search power of each of the particles based on the initialization voltage of each of the particles, a thirteenth determination submodule for determining a second maximum power and a third maximum power of the solar array based on each of the first search powers, and updating a position and a velocity of each of the particles, and the second maximum power is the third maximum power. a third acquisition submodule for acquiring a fourth voltage and a third current of the solar array if the second maximum power is equal to the third maximum power; a fourteenth determination submodule for determining a third power of the solar array based on the fourth voltage and the third current; a second judgment submodule for determining whether the third power meets a predetermined power range; and a fifteenth determination submodule for setting a power point corresponding to the second maximum power as the target maximum power point if the third power meets the predetermined power range.

[0037] As an alternative embodiment of the present invention, the processing module further includes a second repetition submodule for repeating the steps of: calculating a first search power for each of the particles based on the initialization voltage of each of the particles after update if the second maximum power is not equal to the third maximum power; and setting a power point corresponding to the second maximum power as the target maximum power point if the third power satisfies the predetermined power range.

[0038] For a detailed functional description of the maximum power point tracking device based on the solar array output characteristics according to the embodiment of the present invention, please refer to the description of the maximum power point tracking method based on the solar array output characteristics in the above embodiment.

[0039] An embodiment of the present invention further provides a storage medium, as shown in Fig. 8, in which a computer program 301 is stored, and the program can execute the steps of the maximum power point tracking method based on the solar array output characteristic of the above embodiment. The storage medium may be a magnetic disk, an optical disk, a read-only memory (ROM), a random access memory (RAM), a flash memory, a hard disk drive (HDD), a solid-state drive (SSD), etc., and the storage medium may include a combination of the above memories.

[0040] As can be understood by those skilled in the art, all or part of the flow of the method of the above embodiment can be realized by instructing related hardware by a computer program stored in a computer-readable storage medium, and the program is stored in the computer-readable storage medium and can include the flow of each of the above embodiment of the method when executed. The storage medium may be a magnetic disk, an optical disk, a read-only memory (ROM), a random access memory (RAM), a flash memory, a hard disk drive (HDD), a solid-state drive (SSD), etc., and the storage medium may include a combination of the above memories.

[0041] An embodiment of the present invention further provides an electronic device, which may include a processor 41 and a memory 42, as shown in FIG. 9, and the processor 41 and the memory 42 may be connected by a bus or in other ways, and FIG. 9 takes the example of connecting them by a bus.

[0042] Processor 401 may be a central processing unit (CPU), other general purpose processor, digital signal processor (DSP), application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), field programmable gate array (FPGA), or other programmable logic device, discrete gate and transistor logic device, discrete hardware unit, or other chip, or a combination of the various chips mentioned above.

[0043] The memory 402 can be used as a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium to store non-transitory software programs, non-transitory computer-executable programs and modules, such as program instructions / modules corresponding to the method of the embodiment of the present invention. The processor 401 executes the non-transitory software programs, instructions and modules stored in the memory 402 to perform various functional applications and data processing of the processor, i.e., to realize the maximum power point tracking method based on the solar array output characteristics in the above method embodiment.

[0044] The memory 402 may include a program storage area and a data storage area, where the program storage area can store an operating system, an application program required for at least one function, and the data storage area can store data created by the processor 401, etc. The memory 402 may also include high-speed random access memory, and may further include non-transitory memory, such as at least one disk storage device, flash device, or other non-transitory solid-state memory device. In some embodiments, the memory 402 may optionally include memory located remotely relative to the processor 401, and these remote memories may be connected to the processor 401 via a network, examples of which include, but are not limited to, the Internet, a corporate intranet, a local area network, a mobile communication network, and combinations thereof.

[0045] The one or more modules are stored in the memory 402 and executed by the processor 401 to perform a maximum power point tracking method based on the solar array output characteristics in the embodiments shown in FIGS.

[0046] The details of the electronic device can be understood by referring to the corresponding related explanations and effects in the embodiments shown in FIGS. 1 to 6, and detailed explanations will be omitted here.

[0047] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described with reference to the drawings, those skilled in the art may make various modifications and variations without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and all such modifications and variations fall within the scope defined in the appended claims.

Claims

1. A maximum power point tracking method based on a solar array output characteristic, comprising: the solar array includes solar modules; obtaining an output voltage, an output current and a first open circuit voltage of the solar module of the solar array; determining a voltage-current characteristic curve and an output power characteristic curve of the solar array based on the output voltage and the output current; a step of searching the output power characteristic curve using a distribution principle that the local best points of the voltage-current characteristic curve and the output power characteristic curve are uniformly distributed with the first open circuit voltage as a reference quantity, with the first open circuit voltage as a search step size, to obtain a first maximum power point; performing particle swarm algorithm processing based on the first maximum power point to obtain a target maximum power point of the solar array.

2. The step of obtaining a first open circuit voltage of the solar module includes: obtaining a second open circuit voltage of the solar array and a number of series cells of the solar array; determining the first open circuit voltage based on the second open circuit voltage and the number of series cells.

3. a step of searching the output power characteristic curve to obtain a first maximum power point by using a distribution principle in which the first open circuit voltage is set as a search step size and local best points of the voltage-current characteristic curve and the output power characteristic curve are uniformly distributed with the first open circuit voltage as a reference quantity, determining an initial point voltage based on the first open circuit voltage; determining a maximum search voltage based on the initial point voltage, the first open circuit voltage, and the number of series batteries; determining a search range based on the initial point voltage and the maximum search voltage; and searching, within the search range, on the output power characteristic curve based on the voltage-current characteristic curve with the first open circuit voltage as the search step size to obtain the first maximum power point.

4. The step of searching the output power characteristic curve based on the voltage-current characteristic curve within the search range with the first open circuit voltage as the search step size to obtain the first maximum power point includes: obtaining a first voltage of the solar array; determining a first current of the solar array on the voltage-current characteristic curve based on the first voltage; determining a first power of the solar array based on the first voltage and the first current; updating the first voltage based on the search step size, and obtaining an updated second voltage and a second current of the solar array; determining a second power of the solar array based on the second voltage and the second current; comparing the second power to the first power; if the second power is greater than the first power, updating the first power using the second power and updating the first voltage using the second voltage, iterating the second voltage to the maximum search voltage and stopping the iteration to obtain a target voltage; and determining the first maximum power point on the output power characteristic curve based on the target voltage.

5. After comparing the second power to the first power, If the second power is smaller than the first power, determining a first maximum power of the solar array based on the voltage-current characteristic curve, the maximum search voltage, and the second current; comparing the first maximum power to the first power; When the first maximum power is greater than the first power, repeating a step of updating the first voltage based on the search step size and acquiring an updated second voltage and a second current of the solar array to a step of determining the first maximum power point on the output power characteristic curve based on the target voltage; if the first maximum power is less than or equal to the first power, determining whether the second power is equal to the first power; 5. The method of claim 4, further comprising: if the second power is equal to the first power, then determining that a power point corresponding to the second power is the first maximum power point.

6. The step of performing particle swarm algorithm processing based on the first maximum power point to obtain a target maximum power point of the solar array includes: determining a third voltage of the solar array on the output power characteristic curve based on the first maximum power point; determining an initialization voltage for each particle based on the third voltage; calculating a first search power for each of the particles based on the initialization voltage for each of the particles; determining a second maximum power and a third maximum power of the solar array based on each of the first search powers; updating the position and velocity of each said particle and determining whether a second maximum power is equal to a third maximum power; obtaining a fourth voltage and a third current of the solar array when the second maximum power is equal to the third maximum power; determining a third power of the solar array based on the fourth voltage and the third current; determining whether the third power satisfies a predetermined power range; 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising: if the third power satisfies the predetermined power range, setting the power point corresponding to the second maximum power as the target maximum power point.

7. after updating the position and velocity of each of said particles and determining whether said second maximum power is equal to said third maximum power; 7. The method of claim 6, further comprising repeating the steps of: calculating a first search power for each of the particles based on the initialization voltage of each of the particles after update when the second maximum power is not equal to the third maximum power; and setting a power point corresponding to the second maximum power as the target maximum power point when the third power satisfies the predetermined power range.

8. A maximum power point tracking device based on a solar array output characteristic, the solar array includes solar modules; an acquisition module for acquiring an output voltage, an output current and a first open circuit voltage of the solar module; a determination module for determining a voltage-current characteristic curve and an output power characteristic curve of the solar array based on the output voltage and the output current; a search module for performing a search on the output power characteristic curve to obtain a first maximum power point by using a distribution principle in which the first open circuit voltage is set as a search step size and the local best points of the voltage-current characteristic curve and the output power characteristic curve are uniformly distributed with the first open circuit voltage as a reference quantity; A processing module for performing particle swarm algorithm processing based on the first maximum power point to obtain a target maximum power point of the solar array.

9. A computer-readable storage medium having stored thereon computer instructions for causing a computer to execute the maximum power point tracking method based on the solar array output characteristics according to any one of claims 1 to 7.

10. 8. An electronic device comprising: a memory and a processor communicatively connected to each other, a computer program stored in the memory, and the processor executing the computer program to execute the maximum power point tracking method based on solar array output characteristics according to any one of claims 1 to 7.

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