Control method and controller of storage battery

Abstract

To provide a technology which can suppress deterioration, even in a storage battery in which the deterioration is likely to progress in a specific SOC range.SOLUTION: A control method of a storage battery mounted in a railroad vehicle includes steps of: setting a range of a charging rate in which deterioration of the storage battery is likely to progress as a predetermined SOC range; and calculating a use amount within the predetermined SOC range, as consumption when the storage battery is used, on the basis of time change data of at least one of SOC, voltage, or current of the storage battery.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a method and device for controlling a storage battery. [Background technology]

[0002] In recent years, the use of storage batteries such as lithium-ion batteries has expanded for consumer applications such as vehicle drive power sources and laptop computers. It is known that the battery characteristics of lithium-ion batteries deteriorate due to repeated charging and discharging and storage in high-temperature environments. Therefore, when used for long periods of time as a drive power source, storage batteries are required to minimize deterioration and ensure reliability and safety.

[0003] Railway lines include electrified sections where trains can receive power from overhead lines, and non-electrified sections where there are no overhead lines and no power supply. With conventional railway technology, trains run on non-electrified sections using diesel engines, but advances in battery technology have led to the spread of vehicles that use batteries as their power source, such as hybrid diesel railcars and battery-powered trains. Hybrid diesel railcars are conventional diesel railcars equipped with a battery system that charges the train with regenerative power during braking and assists the train with the battery and motor during powering. Battery-powered trains are trains equipped with a rechargeable battery system that can be charged and discharged, and use it as a power source for traction. In electrified sections, the train receives power from overhead lines, which is used for traction energy while charging the battery system, and in non-electrified sections, the train runs on the battery as its energy source.

[0004] The batteries installed in railway vehicles as described above must have long-term reliability to maintain train schedules.Furthermore, to reduce the environmental impact and running costs, there is a demand for improved power consumption by converting regenerative power into driving energy, and for reduced replacement costs by suppressing deterioration and reducing the frequency of battery system replacement.

[0005] Generally, means for suppressing deterioration of storage batteries include reducing the current load, lowering the battery temperature, and using an appropriate state of charge (SOC) range. However, in railway vehicles, it is difficult to reduce the current used because it is necessary to ensure running performance. Also, operating a cooling system to lower the battery temperature and increasing power consumption is not desirable from the perspective of power consumption. Therefore, using an appropriate SOC range is an effective way to suppress deterioration while maintaining power consumption.

[0006] It is known that the SOC range in which a storage battery is prone to degradation depends on the type of electrode active material, the design of the electrodes and cells, etc. For example, in a storage battery using a spinel-type lithium manganese oxide (LiMn2O4, hereinafter also referred to as spinel manganese) as the positive electrode, degradation is likely to progress in the intermediate SOC band of about SOC = 30 to 60% in a high-temperature environment. In addition, in a storage battery using a lithium iron phosphate positive electrode and a graphite negative electrode, degradation is likely to progress at around SOC = 50%. In order to operate a storage battery stably for a long period of time, it is necessary to implement control to avoid use in the above-mentioned SOC range.

[0007] As a control technique for using an appropriate SOC range, for example, Patent Document 1 discloses a control technique for charging when the SOC decreases by a predetermined amount from the initial read value. Patent Document 1 aims to provide a control device for a hybrid vehicle that charges the power storage device when the remaining capacity of the power storage device is decreasing rather than increasing and the remaining capacity has decreased by a predetermined amount from the initial read value, and discloses the following content as a control device for a hybrid vehicle: "In a hybrid vehicle having an engine, a battery, and a motor that assists the engine and charges the battery, when the SOC is in zone A, a lower limit threshold SOCLMTL and an upper limit threshold SOCLMTH are set for the SOC initial value SOCINT at the start, and when the SOC reaches the lower limit threshold SOCLMTL during driving, the charge and discharge balance is restored by increasing the charge amount during cruising, and when the SOC reaches the upper limit threshold SOCLMTH or deviates from zone A, the discharge depth limit control mode is released." [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0008] [Patent Document 1] JP 2000-175306 A Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0009] In the method of Patent Document 1, when the SOC is on a downward trend and reaches the SOC lower threshold, charging is performed, thereby ensuring driving performance. However, the method of Patent Document 1 does not mention a technology for appropriately controlling the SOC range of the storage battery used from the viewpoint of suppressing deterioration. As mentioned above, a control method is required for storage batteries that can achieve both improved electric power consumption and suppression of deterioration while ensuring driving performance. Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a technology capable of suppressing deterioration even in a storage battery in which deterioration is likely to progress within a specific SOC range, such as when spinel manganese is used in the positive electrode. [Means for solving the problem]

[0010] In order to solve the above problems, one representative control method of the present invention is a control method for a storage battery installed in a railway vehicle, which is characterized by setting a range of charging rates within which the storage battery is likely to deteriorate as a predetermined SOC range, and calculating the consumption amount within the predetermined SOC range as the consumption amount when the storage battery is used based on time-varying data of at least one of the SOC, voltage, and current of the storage battery. Effect of the Invention

[0011] According to the present invention, it is possible to suppress the deterioration of even a storage battery in which deterioration is likely to progress within a specific SOC range. Problems, configurations and effects other than those described above will become apparent from the description of the following embodiments. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0012] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 is a flowchart showing the control of a storage battery for reducing the usage amount within a predetermined SOC range. [Diagram 2] FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an example of a capacity-potential curve and a capacity-|dV / dQ| curve of a positive electrode using spinel manganese. [Diagram 3] FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a capacity-voltage curve of a storage battery having a positive electrode using spinel manganese, which is separated into capacity-potential curves of the positive electrode and the negative electrode. [Figure 4] FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an example of data on changes in SOC over time. [Diagram 5] FIG. 5 is a diagram showing data on the change in current over time corresponding to FIG. [Figure 6] FIG. 6 is a diagram showing time-dependent change data of SOC change after calculation. [Figure 7] FIG. 7 is a diagram showing time-dependent change data of SOC change after calculation. [Figure 8]FIG. 8 is a diagram schematically showing the configuration of a railway vehicle to which the control method of the present disclosure is applied.

Embodiments for Carrying Out the Invention

[0013] Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings and the like. The following description shows specific examples of the content of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to these descriptions, and various changes and modifications can be made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technical idea disclosed in this specification. Also, in all the drawings for explaining the present invention, those having the same function are denoted by the same reference numerals, and the repeated description thereof may be omitted.

[0014] In addition, in this embodiment, a control method for a storage battery using spinel manganese as a positive electrode will be described, but this technology can also be applied to storage batteries using electrodes other than spinel manganese positive electrodes. The material of the negative electrode can also be appropriately selected.

[0015] <Embodiment> The control method in the present disclosure is a control method for a storage battery mounted on a railway vehicle, which defines a range of charge rates in which the deterioration of the storage battery tends to progress as a "predetermined SOC range", sets the predetermined SOC range, and calculates, as the consumption amount of the storage battery used, the usage amount within the predetermined SOC range based on at least one of the time change data of the SOC, voltage, or current of the storage battery. Further, the upper limit value and the lower limit value of the predetermined SOC range are determined based on the capacity-voltage curve of the storage battery. Hereinafter, it will be specifically described.

[0016] <Setting of SOC Range> In the control method according to the embodiment of the present invention, a SOC range (hereinafter also referred to as a "predetermined SOC range") is set for the storage battery to be controlled, which is the range of the charge rate at which the deterioration of the storage battery is likely to progress. As described above, the predetermined SOC range is determined by the physical properties of the positive or negative electrode active material, or the design of the electrodes or cells. The voltage of the storage battery is the difference between the positive electrode potential and the negative electrode potential. In addition, the physical properties of the active material are correlated with the chemical state of the active material, that is, the potential which is the electrochemical potential. Therefore, the predetermined SOC range can be set by using the potential range of the positive or negative electrode in which the chemical state is such that the deterioration is likely to progress.

[0017] In addition to using the capacity-voltage curve of the battery, the capacity-|dV / dQ| curve of the battery, the capacity-potential curve of the positive or negative electrode, and the capacity-|dV / dQ| curve of the positive or negative electrode may be used to set the predetermined SOC range. |dV / dQ| is the absolute value of the capacity differential of the voltage or potential. If the potential range of the positive or negative electrode where the deterioration of the battery is likely to progress (hereinafter also referred to as the "deterioration potential range") is known in advance, the SOC range of the battery corresponding to the potential range known from the capacity-voltage curve of the battery may be adopted. The "capacity-potential curve of the positive electrode" is a curve showing the relationship between the capacity (discharge capacity) of the battery and the potential of the positive electrode of the battery. The "capacity-potential curve of the negative electrode" is a curve showing the relationship between the capacity of the battery and the potential of the negative electrode of the battery. The "positive electrode capacity-|dV / dQ| curve" is a curve showing the relationship between the capacity (discharge capacity) of a storage battery and the absolute value of the capacity derivative of the voltage or potential of the positive electrode of the storage battery. The "negative electrode capacity-|dV / dQ| curve" is a curve showing the relationship between the capacity (discharge capacity) of a storage battery and the absolute value of the capacity derivative of the voltage or potential of the negative electrode of the storage battery.

[0018] The upper and lower limits of the predetermined SOC range can also be determined based on an inflection point in the capacity-|dV / dQ| curve of the positive or negative electrode of the storage battery. The capacity-|dV / dQ| curve indicates a change amount curve of the capacity differential of the voltage introduced from the capacity-voltage curve of the storage battery. The predetermined SOC range can also be set by determining the potential range of the positive electrode in which the phase change of the storage battery progresses, and by the capacity of the storage battery corresponding to the potential range of the positive electrode. Specifically, when the deterioration potential range is unknown, the potential range can be determined from the capacity-potential curve of the positive or negative electrode. For example, it has been reported that spinel manganese can be divided into a first two-phase coexistence region where the lithium composition is less than 0.5, a single-phase region where the lithium composition is 0.5 to 1, and a second two-phase coexistence region where the lithium composition is 1 to 2 (for example, Hiromasa Ikuta, Masataka Wakihara, "Spinel-type lithium manganese oxide for lithium secondary batteries", Netsu Sokutei, 27, (4), 205-216). In a storage battery using spinel manganese in the positive electrode, deterioration is likely to progress when the phase changes from the first two-phase coexistence region to the single-phase region, so the potential range can be determined from the capacity-potential curve of the positive electrode of the storage battery having a positive electrode using spinel manganese. The potential range in which the phase change progresses can be determined based on the inflection point of the capacity-potential curve. The inflection point can be the minimum or maximum value in the change amount curve of the capacity derivative of the voltage introduced from the capacity-voltage curve of the storage battery.

[0019] It may be difficult to determine the specified SOC range by using the capacity-voltage curve of the storage battery or the capacity-potential curve of the positive or negative electrode due to the combination of the positive and negative electrodes and the influence of the measurement. In such a case, it is easier to determine the specified SOC range by using the capacity-|dV / dQ| curve of the storage battery or by separating the capacity-voltage curve or capacity-|dV / dQ| curve of the storage battery into the capacity-potential curve or capacity-|dV / dQ| curve of the positive and negative electrodes.

[0020] FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an example of a capacity-potential curve and a capacity-|dV / dQ| curve of a positive electrode using spinel manganese. The solid line graph shows the capacity-potential curve (the relationship shown between the vertical axis and the horizontal axis on the left), and the dashed line graph shows the capacity-|dV / dQ| curve (the relationship shown between the vertical axis and the horizontal axis on the right). Here, the horizontal axis shows the discharge capacity of the spinel manganese positive electrode, and is used in common in the two graphs. For example, metallic lithium can be used for the negative electrode.

[0021] In the capacity-potential curve, the first two-phase region where the lithium composition is 0.5 and the single-phase region where the lithium composition is 0.5 to 1.0 are included in the region where the potential changes from about 4.3 V to about 3.9 V, as shown on the left vertical axis. The region where the potential is higher than about 3.9 V corresponds to the second two-phase region where the lithium composition is 1 to 2.

[0022] The capacity-|dV / dQ| curve shows the relationship between the discharge capacity of the spinel manganese positive electrode (horizontal axis) and the absolute value of the capacity differential of the potential (right vertical axis). In the capacity-potential curve, the curve is drawn to change smoothly in the potential range of about 4.3 V to about 3.9 V shown on the left vertical axis. On the other hand, in the part of the capacity-potential curve that corresponds to the range of about 4.3 V to about 3.9 V, the capacity-|dV / dQ| curve shows a curve that changes significantly.

[0023] Examples of procedures for setting the degradation potential range include a method of adopting a potential range corresponding to between two minimum values ​​based on the capacity-|dV / dQ| curve of the positive electrode, a method of adopting a potential range corresponding to between a maximum value and one of the minimum values, a method of adopting a potential range corresponding to the half-width of the maximum value, etc. Although details will be described later, in the present disclosure, a potential V1 corresponding to the minimum value e1 in the capacity-|dV / dQ| curve of the positive electrode and a potential V2 corresponding to the maximum value e2 in the capacity-|dV / dQ| curve are set as the upper and lower limit values ​​of the potential range of the positive electrode of a storage battery in which degradation is likely to progress.

[0024] FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a capacity-voltage curve of a storage battery having a positive electrode using spinel manganese, separated into capacity-potential curves of the positive electrode and the negative electrode. In the solid line graph, the horizontal axis indicates the discharge capacity of the storage battery, and the vertical axis on the left indicates the voltage of the storage battery. In the dotted line graph, the horizontal axis indicates the discharge capacity of the storage battery, and the vertical axis on the left indicates the potential of the positive electrode. In the dashed line graph, the horizontal axis indicates the discharge capacity of the storage battery, and the vertical axis on the right indicates the potential of the negative electrode. A predetermined SOC range of the storage battery can be set from the potential range Pr of the positive electrode of the storage battery, which corresponds to the deterioration potential range determined by the method using FIG. 2 above.

[0025] In the above description, the SOC range of the storage battery is set using the capacity-potential curve of the positive electrode, but the present disclosure is not limited to this. It is also possible to set a predetermined SOC range of the storage battery using the capacity-potential curve of the negative electrode.

[0026] <Calculation of usage amount within a given SOC range> As the usage amount within the predetermined SOC range, at least one of the time integral value of the capacity within the predetermined SOC range, the time integral value of the power within the predetermined SOC range, or the total usage time within the predetermined SOC range is used. The usage amount within the predetermined SOC range can be calculated using time change data of at least one of SOC, current, and voltage. Specifically, the time during which the battery is used within a set predetermined SOC range (in other words, the time during which the SOC of the battery stays within the predetermined SOC range) is calculated based on the time change data of the SOC. Then, the usage amount within the predetermined SOC range can be calculated by calculating the time integral value of the usage amount during the time during which the battery is used within the predetermined SOC range (in other words, the time during which the SOC of the battery stays within the predetermined SOC range) based on the time change data of the current or voltage.

[0027] The usage amount can be expressed as capacity (Ah), power (Wh), or usage time (s). Depending on the usage amount to be calculated, either data on the change in current over time or data on the change in voltage over time can be used.

[0028] As described above, the calculation of the usage amount can be performed for any time range. For example, in the case of a storage battery for a railway vehicle, the calculation can be performed for the time range from the first train to when the battery is stored in the garage. Alternatively, the calculation can be performed for any time range during operation.

[0029] The time-varying data of the SOC, voltage, or current of the storage battery is time-varying data based on the past usage record of the storage battery, or time-varying data created based on the scheduled operation schedule of the railway vehicle. Specifically, the time-varying data of the SOC, current, or voltage of the storage battery can be scheduled data created based on the operation schedule, or actual data created based on the operation record. This actual data can be used as the average value of actual data at the same time on multiple days within a specified period.

[0030] In addition, data on time changes in at least one of the storage battery's SOC, current, and voltage can be obtained by remote monitoring. When using data obtained by remote monitoring, control can be performed not only by equipment installed in the vehicle, but also on a separately prepared server or cloud.

[0031] <Control method> In order to suppress the progression of deterioration due to use within the predetermined SOC range, it is effective to charge or discharge the storage battery so as to reduce the amount of use within the calculated predetermined SOC range. In addition, the amount of use within the predetermined SOC range is reduced by controlling the storage battery based on the time-varying SOC data so as to satisfy the condition that the SOC is smaller than the upper limit of the storage battery and larger than the lower limit of the storage battery's SOC.

[0032] Specifically, Fig. 1 is a diagram showing a control flowchart of a storage battery for reducing the usage amount within a predetermined SOC range. First, a predetermined SOC range is set (step S2) based on the data of SOC change over time (t-SOC data) and the data of voltage change over time (tV data) or current change over time (tI data) (step S1). Next, the usage amount (capacity (Ah), power (Wh), usage time (s)) within the predetermined SOC range is calculated (step S3). Next, an arbitrary time t1 for implementing the control is set, and the SOC at t1 (hereinafter also referred to as "SOC(t1)") is calculated so as to reduce the usage amount within the predetermined SOC range after t1 (step S4). Then, if the SOC for a predetermined period after changing to SOC(t1) (for example, in the case of a railway vehicle battery, during one day when the train is under operation control) is smaller than the upper limit and larger than the lower limit of the battery's SOC (Yes in step S5), charging or discharging is performed so that the SOC at t1 becomes SOC(t1) (step S8). Note that if the SOC for the predetermined period after changing to SOC(t1) exceeds the upper limit or falls below the lower limit of the battery's SOC (No in step S5), the control ends (step S6). Although steps S1 to S8 have been described, the present disclosure is not limited to this. For example, if a predetermined SCO range is set in advance, step S2 may be omitted.

[0033] As a charging method, it is possible to increase the amount of regenerative charging accepted, or to charge from the motor. However, in terms of improving power consumption, it is preferable to increase the amount of regenerative charging accepted. As a discharging method, it is possible to assist the motor or discharge to other auxiliary devices, but in terms of improving power consumption, it is preferable to increase the motor-assisted discharge.

[0034] <Timing of control implementation> The above-described control method may be performed at any time, for example after the end of a day's operation, while the train is stopped at a station, or while the train is in operation.

[0035] <Specific examples of control methods> The control method of FIG. 1 will be described with a specific example.

[0036] [Step 1 and Step 2] First, step S2 will be described. As shown in Fig. 2, the potential range in which degradation is likely to progress is determined using the capacity-potential curve and capacity-|dV / dQ| curve of the spinel manganese positive electrode. The potential at which the capacity-|dV / dQ| curve reaches the maximum value e2 is set as V2, and the potential at which the capacity-|dV / dQ| curve reaches the minimum value e1 on the lower SOC side of the two minimum values ​​is set as V1. As a result, V1=4.02V and V2=4.08V.

[0037] Next, the capacity-voltage curve of the storage battery having a positive electrode using spinel manganese shown in Figure 3, and the capacity-potential curves of the positive electrode and negative electrode when the capacity-voltage curve of the storage battery is separated into the positive electrode and the negative electrode are shown. The discharge capacity Pr of the storage battery when the positive electrode potential becomes V1 and V2 determined in Figure 2 was calculated, and the predetermined SOC range was set based on the total discharge capacity. As a result, the predetermined SOC range was 37 to 55%.

[0038] [Step S1, Steps S3 to S8] FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an example of time-varying data of SOC. In FIG. 4, a display showing a predetermined SOC range (37% to 55%) is shown overlappingly. The horizontal axis "time" indicates the time measured from the start of SOC measurement. FIG. 5 is a diagram showing time-varying data of current corresponding to FIG. 4. FIG. 5 corresponds to tI data in step S1 in FIG. 1. Assuming that control is performed when operation for one day ends, t1=0 time, SOC (t1) at t1 is set as an explanatory variable, and the capacity (Ah) used within a predetermined SOC range within one day is set as an objective variable. An explanatory variable that minimizes the objective variable is calculated under the condition that the highest SOC within one day is smaller than the SOC upper limit of the storage battery (for example, a charging rate of 90%) and the lowest SOC is larger than the SOC lower limit of the storage battery (for example, a charging rate of 10%). FIG. 6 is a diagram showing time-varying data of SOC change after calculation. As a result, before calculation, the starting SOC was 48% and the capacity used was 149Ah as shown in Figure 4, but after calculation, the starting SOC was 67% and the capacity used was 61Ah as shown in Figure 6. This confirmed that the capacity used within a specified SOC range could be reduced by approximately 40%, while satisfying the condition that the SOC of the storage battery is included within the upper and lower SOC limits.

[0039] [Variations] The modified example will be described assuming that control is performed when the train is stopped at a station. In the time-varying data of SOC shown in FIG. 4, t1=12 o'clock, the SOC (t1) at t1 is the explanatory variable, and the capacity (Ah) used within the SOC range thereafter is the objective variable. The explanatory variables that minimize the objective variable were calculated under the condition that the highest SOC in a day is smaller than the upper limit of the SOC of the storage battery (for example, a charging rate of 90%) and the lowest SOC is larger than the lower limit of the SOC of the storage battery (for example, a charging rate of 10%). FIG. 7 is a diagram showing the time-varying data of the SOC change after the calculation. As a result, the starting SOC was 52% before the calculation, and the capacity used after 12 o'clock was 49 Ah, but after the calculation, the starting SOC was 68%, and the capacity used after 12 o'clock was 15 Ah. It was confirmed that the capacity used within a predetermined SOC range can be reduced by about 70% while satisfying the condition that the SOC of the storage battery is included within the upper and lower limits of SOC.

[0040] <Example of railway vehicle configuration> FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating a schematic configuration of a railway vehicle 1 to which the control method of the present disclosure is applied.

[0041] First, the railway vehicle 1 drives the main motor 117 using electric power. The main transformer 121 is connected between the current collector 114 and the ground 115. The main transformer 121 transforms the AC power supplied from the current collector 114. The AC / DC converter circuit 122a converts the AC power into DC power. The DC / AC inverter circuit 122b converts the DC power into AC power to drive the main motor 117.

[0042] The railway vehicle 1 is configured to have three storage battery systems 123a to 123c. The storage battery systems 123a to 123c are connected between the AC / DC converter circuit 122a and the DC / AC inverter circuit 122b. The storage battery control device 143 controls the storage battery systems 132b1 to 132b3. The auxiliary power supply control device 144 controls the auxiliary power supply device 124 and the auxiliary equipment 118.

[0043] Next, from the viewpoint of information control, the railway vehicle 1 includes a controller 141a and routers 141b1, 141b2, 141b3, and 141b4. The controller 141a controls the AC / DC converter control unit 142a, the DC / AC inverter control unit 142b, the storage battery control unit 143, and the auxiliary power supply control unit 144. The routers 141b1, 141b2, 141b3, and 141b4 collect data from the AC / DC converter control unit 142a, the DC / AC inverter control unit 142b, the storage battery control unit 143, and the auxiliary power supply control unit 144, respectively, and output control signals from the controller 141a.

[0044] The controller 141a is capable of performing the storage battery control method of the present disclosure on the storage battery systems 123a to 123c.

[0045] For example, the controller 141a has a processor that executes a program and a memory that stores the program, and can function as a control device that executes the control method described in the present disclosure by the processor executing the program. The controller 141a can also acquire measurement data related to the storage battery systems 123a to 123c and acquire time-varying data of the SOC, current, and voltage of the storage battery. The controller 141a can also be configured to acquire in advance the capacity-voltage curve and capacity-|dV / dQ| curve of the storage battery of the storage battery systems 123a to 123c.

[0046] The function of the controller 141a may be provided outside the railway vehicle 1. In this case, for example, the antenna 160 may transmit and receive time-varying data of at least one of the SOC, voltage, and current of the storage battery measured by remote monitoring from the railway vehicle 1.

[0047] <Actions and Effects> As described above, in the present disclosure, the SOC range of a storage battery that is prone to deterioration is set based on the characteristics of the positive or negative electrode, the usage amount within the set predetermined SOC range is calculated, and control is performed to reduce the usage amount. According to the present disclosure, it is possible to suppress deterioration even in a storage battery that is prone to deterioration in a specific SOC range.

[0048] Furthermore, the control of the usage amount within a predetermined SOC range can be performed at any time during the operation of the railway vehicle in which the storage battery is installed. By doing so, even for a storage battery that is prone to degradation in a specific SOC range, such as a battery using spinel manganese for the positive electrode, it is possible to achieve both improved electric consumption and suppression of degradation while ensuring running performance.

[0049] Although the embodiment of the present invention has been described above, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and various modifications are possible without departing from the gist of the present invention.

[0050] The following are some possible embodiments of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to these. (Aspect 1) A method for controlling a storage battery mounted on a railway vehicle, comprising: A range of a charging rate at which the deterioration of the storage battery is likely to progress is set as a predetermined SOC range; A method for controlling a storage battery, comprising: calculating a usage amount within the specified SOC range as a consumption amount of the storage battery based on time-varying data of at least one of SOC, voltage, or current of the storage battery. (Aspect 2) A method for controlling a storage battery according to aspect 1, comprising: A method for controlling a storage battery, comprising: charging or discharging the storage battery to reduce the amount of usage within the calculated predetermined SOC range. (Aspect 3) A method for controlling a storage battery according to aspect 1 or aspect 2, characterized in that at least one of a time integral value of capacity within the specified SOC range, a time integral value of power within the specified SOC range, or a total usage time within the specified SOC range is used as the usage amount within the specified SOC range. (Aspect 4) A method for controlling a storage battery according to any one of aspects 1 to 3, characterized in that the time-varying data of the SOC, voltage, or current of the storage battery is time-varying data based on the past usage record of the storage battery, or time-varying data created based on a schedule of the planned operation of the railway vehicle. (Aspect 5) A method for controlling a storage battery according to any one of aspects 1 to 4, comprising: A method for controlling a storage battery, comprising: controlling the storage battery based on time-varying data of the SOC to satisfy a condition that the SOC is smaller than an upper limit value of the storage battery and larger than a lower limit value of the SOC of the storage battery, thereby reducing usage of the specified SOC range. (Aspect 6) A method for controlling a storage battery according to any one of aspects 1 to 5, comprising: A method for controlling a storage battery, comprising determining upper and lower limits of the predetermined SOC range based on a capacity-voltage curve of the storage battery. (Aspect 7) A method for controlling a storage battery according to any one of aspects 1 to 6, comprising: a control method for a storage battery, characterized in that the upper and lower limits of the specified SOC range are determined based on an inflection point in a curve of change in absolute value of capacity derivative of the voltage of the storage battery derived from a capacity-voltage curve of the storage battery. (Aspect 8) A method for controlling a storage battery according to any one of aspects 1 to 7, characterized in that the inflection point is a minimum or maximum value in a change curve of an absolute value of a capacity derivative of the voltage of the storage battery. (Aspect 9) A method for controlling a storage battery according to any one of aspects 1 to 8, characterized in that time-varying data of at least one of the SOC, voltage, and current of the storage battery is obtained by remote monitoring. (Aspect 10) A method for controlling the storage battery according to any one of the first to ninth aspects, wherein a manganese spinel is used for a positive electrode of the storage battery. (Aspect 11) A method for controlling a storage battery according to any one of aspects 1 to 10, characterized in that the specified SOC range is set by determining a potential range of a positive electrode in which a phase change of the storage battery progresses, and by a capacity of the storage battery corresponding to the potential range of the positive electrode. (Aspect 12) A control device for a storage battery mounted on a railway vehicle, the control device comprising: a processor that executes a program; and a memory that stores the program. The processor, A range of a charging rate at which the deterioration of the storage battery is likely to progress is set as a predetermined SOC range; A control device for a storage battery, characterized in that the storage battery is calculated as the consumption amount within the specified SOC range based on time-varying data of at least one of SOC, voltage, or current of the storage battery. (Aspect 13) A control device for a storage battery according to aspect 12, The processor, A storage battery control device, comprising: a storage battery control device that reduces the amount of usage within the calculated predetermined SOC range by charging or discharging the storage battery. (Aspect 14) A control device for a storage battery according to aspect 12 or aspect 13, The processor, A battery control device, characterized in that at least one of a time integral value of capacity within the specified SOC range, a time integral value of power within the specified SOC range, or a total usage time within the specified SOC range is used as the usage amount within the specified SOC range. (Aspect 15) A control device for a storage battery according to any one of aspects 12 to 13, The processor, A battery control device characterized by reducing usage of the specified SOC range by controlling the battery to satisfy the condition that the SOC is smaller than an upper limit value of the battery and larger than a lower limit value of the battery, based on data on the time change of the SOC. [Explanation of symbols]

[0051] 1 Railway vehicle, 114 Current collector, 115 Grounding device, 117 Main motor, 118 Auxiliary equipment, 121 Main transformer, 122a AC / DC converter circuit, 122b DC / AC inverter circuit, 123a to 123c Battery system, 124 Auxiliary power supply, 141a Controller, 141b1 to 141b4 Router, 142a AC / DC converter control unit, 142b DC / AC inverter control unit, 143 Battery control device, 144 Auxiliary power supply control device, 150 Display, 160 Antenna

Claims

1. A method for controlling a storage battery mounted on a railway vehicle, comprising: A range of a charging rate at which the deterioration of the storage battery is likely to progress is set as a predetermined SOC range; A method for controlling a storage battery, comprising: calculating a usage amount within the specified SOC range as a consumption amount of the storage battery based on time-varying data of at least one of SOC, voltage, or current of the storage battery.

2. A method for controlling a storage battery according to claim 1, comprising: A method for controlling a storage battery, comprising: charging or discharging the storage battery to reduce the amount of usage within the calculated predetermined SOC range.

3. 2. A method for controlling a storage battery according to claim 1, wherein at least one of a time integral value of a capacity within the predetermined SOC range, a time integral value of power within the predetermined SOC range, or a total usage time within the predetermined SOC range is used as the usage amount within the predetermined SOC range.

4. 2. A method for controlling a storage battery according to claim 1, characterized in that the time-varying data of the SOC, voltage, or current of the storage battery is time-varying data based on past usage records of the storage battery, or time-varying data created based on a schedule of scheduled operations of the railway vehicle.

5. A method for controlling a storage battery according to claim 2, comprising: A method for controlling a storage battery, comprising: controlling the storage battery so as to satisfy a condition that the SOC of the storage battery is smaller than an upper limit value of the SOC of the storage battery and larger than a lower limit value of the SOC of the storage battery based on time-varying data of the SOC, thereby reducing usage within the specified SOC range.

6. A method for controlling a storage battery according to claim 1, comprising: A method for controlling a storage battery, comprising determining an upper limit value and a lower limit value of the predetermined SOC range based on a capacity-voltage curve of the storage battery.

7. A method for controlling a storage battery according to claim 1, comprising: determining an upper limit value and a lower limit value of the predetermined SOC range based on an inflection point in a change amount curve of an absolute value of a capacity derivative of a voltage of the battery, the change amount curve being derived from a capacity-voltage curve of the battery.

8. 8. The method for controlling a storage battery according to claim 7, wherein the inflection point is a minimum or maximum value in a curve of a change in an absolute value of a capacity derivative of the voltage of the storage battery.

9. 2. A method for controlling a storage battery according to claim 1, further comprising the step of acquiring time-varying data of at least one of an SOC, a voltage, and a current of the storage battery by remote monitoring.

10. 2. The method for controlling a storage battery according to claim 1, wherein a spinel manganese is used for a positive electrode of the storage battery.

11. 2. A method for controlling a storage battery according to claim 1, wherein the predetermined SOC range is set by determining a potential range of a positive electrode in which a phase change of the storage battery progresses, and by a capacity of the storage battery corresponding to the potential range of the positive electrode.

12. A control device for a storage battery mounted on a railway vehicle, the control device comprising: a processor that executes a program; and a memory that stores the program. The processor, A range of a charging rate at which the deterioration of the storage battery is likely to progress is set as a predetermined SOC range; A control device for a storage battery, characterized in that the storage battery is calculated as a consumption amount within the specified SOC range based on time-varying data of at least one of SOC, voltage, or current of the storage battery.

13. The storage battery control device according to claim 12, The processor, A storage battery control device, comprising: a storage battery control device that reduces a usage amount within the calculated predetermined SOC range by charging or discharging the storage battery.

14. The storage battery control device according to claim 12, The processor, a time integral value of a capacity within the specified SOC range, a time integral value of a power within the specified SOC range, or a total usage time within the specified SOC range,

15. The storage battery control device according to claim 13, The processor, A battery control device comprising: a storage battery control unit that controls the storage battery so as to satisfy a condition that the SOC of the storage battery is smaller than an upper limit value of the SOC of the storage battery and larger than a lower limit value of the SOC of the storage battery based on time-varying data of the SOC, thereby reducing the usage amount of the specified SOC range.

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