Compositions with non-ethoxylated surfactants and co-surfactants achieving good product consistency and performance

Abstract

To solve the problems that utilizing a combination of non-ethoxylated surfactants and co-surfactants creates challenges in achieving product viscosity, maintaining desirable lather profiles, and depositing of hair / scalp actives.SOLUTION: The present invention is directed to a personal care composition comprising: about 6% to about 15% of sodium lauryl sulfate; a ratio of sodium lauryl sulfate to a co-surfactant of about 0.63:1 to about 15:1; and about 10% to about 20% of total surfactant, the personal care composition having a viscosity of about 3000 cps to about 20,000 cps and comprising less than about 2% sodium laureth sulfate.SELECTED DRAWING: None

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] The present invention is directed to a combination of non-ethoxylated surfactants and co-surfactants that achieve product viscosity, maintain a desirable lather profile, and deposit hair / scalp actives. [Background technology]

[0002] Ethoxylated surfactants such as sodium laureth sulfate are widely used in the beauty industry in personal cleaning products. These surfactants have traditionally been used to achieve the consumer's desired product profile, including hand viscosity / product texture, lather, cleaning, and deposition of hair / scalp actives.

[0003] In order to meet the ever-changing demands of customers and retailers for ethoxylated-free surfactants, there is a need to develop alternative formulation approaches for shampoo products utilizing non-ethoxylated surfactants without significant negative consumer compromises.

[0004] When utilizing combinations of non-ethoxylated surfactants and co-surfactants, challenges arise in achieving product viscosity, maintaining a desirable lather profile, and depositing hair / scalp actives. Summary of the Invention [Means for solving the problem]

[0005] The present invention is directed to a personal care composition comprising about 6% to about 15% sodium lauryl sulfate, a ratio of sodium lauryl sulfate to co-surfactant of about 0.63:1 to about 15:1, and about 10% to about 20% total surfactant, the personal care composition having a viscosity of 3000 cps to 20,000 cps and containing less than about 2% sodium laureth sulfate. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0006] Unless otherwise specified, all percentages and ratios used herein are based on the weight of the total composition.Unless otherwise specified, it is understood that all measurements are performed at ambient conditions, where "ambient conditions" means conditions at about 25°C, under about 1 atmosphere, and at about 50% relative humidity.All numerical ranges include narrower ranges.The upper and lower range limits described are combinable to create additional ranges not expressly described.

[0007] The compositions of the present invention can comprise, consist essentially of, or consist of the essential and optional components described herein. As used herein, "consist essentially of" means that the composition or component may contain additional ingredients, but only if the additional ingredients do not materially alter the basic and novel characteristics of the claimed composition or method.

[0008] "Apply" or "application" as used in reference to a composition means applying or spreading the composition of the present invention onto keratinous tissue, such as hair.

[0009] By "dermatologically acceptable" it is meant that the composition or components being described are suitable for use in contact with human skin tissue without undue toxicity, incompatibility, instability, allergic response, and the like.

[0010] By "safe and effective amount" is meant an amount of a compound or composition sufficient to significantly induce a beneficial effect.

[0011] While the specification concludes with claims which particularly point out and distinctly claim the invention, it is believed the present invention will be better understood from the following description.

[0012] As used herein, the term "fluid" includes liquids and gels.

[0013] As used herein, articles such as "a" and "an," when used in a claim, are understood to mean one or more of what is claimed or described.

[0014] As used herein, "comprising" means that other processes / steps and other ingredients that do not affect the end result can be added. This term encompasses the terms "consisting of" and "consisting essentially of."

[0015] As used herein, "mixture" is meant to include a simple combination of materials and any compound that can result from such a combination.

[0016] As used herein, "molecular weight" refers to weight average molecular weight, unless otherwise specified. Molecular weight is measured using gel permeation chromatography ("GPC"), an industry standard method.

[0017] When amount ranges are listed, they should be understood to be the total amount of that ingredient in the composition, or, if more than one ingredient definition falls within the range, the total amount of all ingredients fitting that definition in the composition.

[0018] For example, if a composition contains 1%-5% fatty alcohols, a composition containing 2% stearyl alcohol and 1% cetyl alcohol, and no other fatty alcohols, would fall within this range.

[0019] The amount of each specific ingredient, or mixtures thereof, described below may comprise up to (or including) 100% of the total amount of ingredients in the personal care composition.

[0020] As used herein, "personal care compositions" include products such as shampoos, shower gels, liquid hand washes, hair dyes, facial cleansers, and other surfactant-based liquid compositions.

[0021] As used herein, the terms "include", "includes", and "including" are meant to be open-ended and are understood to mean "comprise", "comprises", and "comprising", respectively.

[0022] All percentages, parts and ratios are based on the total weight of the compositions of the present invention unless otherwise specified. All such weights as they pertain to listed ingredients are based on the active ingredient level and, therefore, do not include carriers or by-products that may be included in commercially available materials.

[0023] Unless otherwise noted, all component or composition concentrations are in terms of the active portion of that component or composition and are exclusive of impurities, e.g., residual solvents or by-products, which may be present in commercial sources of such components or compositions.

[0024] It should be understood that every maximum numerical limitation given throughout this specification includes every lower numerical limitation, as if such lower numerical limitations were expressly written herein. Every minimum numerical limitation given throughout this specification includes every higher numerical limitation, as if such higher numerical limitations were expressly written herein. Every numerical range given throughout this specification includes every narrower numerical range that is included within such broader numerical range, as if such narrower numerical ranges were all expressly written herein.

[0025] Detergent Surfactants The personal care composition may comprise greater than about 10% by weight of a surfactant system that provides cleaning performance to the composition, and may comprise greater than about 12% by weight of a surfactant system that provides cleaning performance to the composition. The surfactant system comprises an anionic surfactant, and / or a combination of an anionic surfactant, and / or a combination of an anionic surfactant with a co-surfactant selected from the group consisting of amphoteric, zwitterionic, nonionic, and mixtures thereof. Various examples and descriptions of detersive surfactants are described in U.S. Patent No. 8,440,605, U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2009 / 155383, and U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2009 / 0221463, which are incorporated herein by reference in their entireties.

[0026] The personal care compositions may comprise from about 10% to about 25%, from about 10% to about 18%, from about 10% to about 14%, from about 10% to about 12%, from about 11% to about 20%, from about 12% to about 20%, and / or from about 12% to about 18% by weight of one or more surfactants.

[0027] Suitable anionic surfactants for use in the composition are alkyl and alkyl ether sulfates.Other suitable anionic surfactants are the water-soluble salts of organic sulfuric acid reaction products.Still other suitable anionic surfactants are the reaction products of fatty acids esterified with isethionic acid and neutralized with sodium hydroxide.Other similar anionic surfactants are described in U.S. Patent Nos. 2,486,921, 2,486,922, and 2,396,278, which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.

[0028] Exemplary anionic surfactants for use in personal care compositions include ammonium lauryl sulfate, ammonium laureth sulfate, ammonium C10-15 pareth sulfate, ammonium C10-15 alkyl sulfate, ammonium C11-15 alkyl sulfate, ammonium decyl sulfate, ammonium deceth sulfate, ammonium undecyl sulfate, ammonium undeceth sulfate, triethylamine lauryl sulfate, triethylamine laureth sulfate, triethanolamine lauryl sulfate, triethanolamine laureth sulfate, monoethanolamine lauryl sulfate, monoethanolamine laureth sulfate, diethanolamine lauryl sulfate, diethanolamine laureth sulfate, lauryl monoglyceride sodium sulfate, sodium lauryl sulfate, sodium laureth sulfate, sodium C10-15 pareth sulfate, sodium C10-15 alkyl sulfate, sodium C11-15 alkyl sulfate, sodium decyl sulfate, sodium deceth sulfate, sodium The anionic surfactants include sodium undecyl sulfate, sodium undecyl sulfate, potassium lauryl sulfate, potassium laureth sulfate, C10-15 potassium pareth sulfate, C10-15 potassium alkyl sulfate, C11-15 potassium alkyl sulfate, potassium decyl sulfate, potassium decyl sulfate, potassium undecyl sulfate, potassium undecyl sulfate, sodium lauryl sarcosinate, sodium lauroyl sarcosinate, lauryl sarcosine, cocoyl sarcosine, ammonium cocoyl sulfate, ammonium lauroyl sulfate, sodium cocoyl sulfate, sodium lauroyl sulfate, potassium cocoyl sulfate, potassium lauryl sulfate, triethanolamine lauryl sulfate, triethanolamine lauryl sulfate, monoethanolamine cocoyl sulfate, monoethanolamine lauryl sulfate, sodium tridecylbenzenesulfonate, sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, sodium cocoyl isethionate, and combinations thereof. The anionic surfactant may be sodium lauryl sulfate or sodium laureth sulfate.

[0029] The composition of the present invention also comprises a) RO(CHCHR0) y SO3M, b) CH3(CH2) zCHR2CH2O(CH2CHR3O) y SO3M, and c) Mixtures of these [Wherein, R1 is CH3(CH2) 10 wherein R2 is H or a hydrocarbon group containing 1 to 4 carbon atoms such that the sum of the carbon atoms in z and R2 is 8; R3 is H or CH3; y is 0 to 7, and when y is not zero (0), the average value of y is about 1; and M is a monovalent or divalent positively charged cation. The composition may comprise an anionic surfactant selected from the group consisting of:

[0030] Suitable anionic alkyl sulfate and alkyl ether sulfate surfactants include, but are not limited to, those having branched alkyl chains synthesized from C8-C18 branched alcohols which may be selected from the group consisting of Guerbet alcohols, aldol condensation derived alcohols, oxo alcohols, FT oxo alcohols and mixtures thereof. Non-limiting examples of 2-alkyl branched alcohols include 2-methyl-1-undecanol, 2-ethyl-1-decanol, 2-propyl-1-nonanol, 2-butyl-1-octanol, 2-methyl-1-dodecanol, 2-ethyl-1-undecanol, 2-propyl-1-decanol, 2-butyl-1-nonanol, 2-pentyl-1-octanol, 2-pentyl-1-heptanol, and those sold under the trade names LIAL® (Sasol), ISALCHEM. (Sasol), and NEODOL® (Shell), as well as Guerbet and aldol condensation derived alcohols such as 2-ethyl-1-hexanol, 2-propyl-1-butanol, 2-butyl-1-octanol, 2-butyl-1-decanol, 2-pentyl-1-nonanol, 2-hexyl-1-octanol, 2-hexyl-1-decanol, and those sold under the trade name ISOFOL® (Sasol), or as alcohol ethoxylates and alkoxylates under the trade names LUTENSOL XP® (BASF) and LUTENSOL XL® (BASF).

[0031] Anionic alkyl sulfates and alkyl ether sulfates can also include those synthesized from C8-C18 branched alcohols derived from butylene or propylene sold under the trade names EXXAL™ (Exxon) and Marlipal® (Sasol). This includes the subclass of anionic surfactants, sodium trideceth-n sulfate (STnS), where n is from about 0.5 to about 3.5. Exemplary surfactants of this subclass are sodium trideceth-2 sulfate and sodium trideceth-3 sulfate. The compositions of the present invention can also include sodium tridecyl sulfate.

[0032] The compositions of the present invention may further include anionic alkyl and alkyl ether sulfosuccinates and / or dialkyl and dialkyl ether sulfosuccinates and mixtures thereof. The dialkyl and dialkyl ether sulfosuccinates may be C6-15 linear or branched dialkyl or dialkyl ether sulfosuccinates. The alkyl moieties may be symmetrical (i.e., the same alkyl moieties) or asymmetrical (i.e., different alkyl moieties). Non-limiting examples include disodium lauryl sulfosuccinate, disodium laureth sulfosuccinate, sodium bistridecyl sulfosuccinate, sodium dioctyl sulfosuccinate, sodium dihexyl sulfosuccinate, sodium dicyclohexyl sulfosuccinate, sodium diamyl sulfosuccinate, sodium diisobutyl sulfosuccinate, linear bis(tridecyl) sulfosuccinate and mixtures thereof.

[0033] The personal care composition may include a co-surfactant. The co-surfactant may be selected from the group consisting of amphoteric surfactants, zwitterionic surfactants, nonionic surfactants, and mixtures thereof. The co-surfactant may include, but is not limited to, lauramidopropyl betaine, cocamidopropyl betaine, lauryl hydroxysultaine, sodium lauroamphoacetate, disodium cocoamphodiacetate, cocamide monoethanolamide, and mixtures thereof.

[0034] The personal care composition may comprise from about 6% to about 15% sodium lauryl sulfate, and the personal care composition may comprise from about 12% to about 15%.

[0035] The personal care composition may comprise less than about 2% sodium laureth sulfate, the personal care composition may comprise less than about 1% sodium laureth sulfate, the personal care composition may comprise less than about 0.5% sodium laureth sulfate, the personal care composition may comprise 0% sodium laureth sulfate.

[0036] The personal care compositions may further comprise from about 0.25% to about 15%, from about 1% to about 14%, from about 2% to about 13% by weight of one or more amphoteric, zwitterionic, nonionic co-surfactants, or mixtures thereof.

[0037] The personal care composition may comprise from about 10% to about 20% total surfactants, and the personal care composition may comprise from about 12% to about 15% total surfactants.

[0038] The personal care composition may comprise a ratio of sodium lauryl sulfate to co-surfactant of about 0.63:1 to about 15:1, the personal care composition may comprise a ratio of sodium lauryl sulfate to co-surfactant of about 0.63:1 to about 14:1, the personal care composition may comprise a ratio of sodium lauryl sulfate to co-surfactant of about 3:1 to about 13:1, the personal care composition may comprise a ratio of sodium lauryl sulfate to co-surfactant of about 10:1 to about 13:1.

[0039] Suitable amphoteric or zwitterionic surfactants for use in the personal care compositions herein include those well known for use in shampoos or other personal care cleansers. Non-limiting examples of suitable zwitterionic or amphoteric surfactants are described in U.S. Patent Nos. 5,104,646 and 5,106,609, which are incorporated herein by reference in their entireties.

[0040] Amphoteric co-surfactants suitable for use in the compositions include surfactants described as derivatives of aliphatic secondary and tertiary amines, in which the aliphatic groups can be linear or branched, one of the aliphatic substituents containing from about 8 to about 18 carbon atoms and one containing an anionic group such as a carboxy, sulfonate, sulfate, phosphate, or phosphonate. Suitable amphoteric surfactants include sodium cocaminopropionate, sodium cocaminodipropionate, sodium cocoamphoacetate, sodium cocoamphodiacetate, sodium cocoamphohydroxypropylsulfonate, sodium cocoamphopropionate, sodium cornamphopropionate, sodium lauraminopropionate, sodium lauroamphoacetate, sodium lauroamphodiacetate, sodium lauroamphohydroxypropylsulfonate, sodium lauroamphopropionate, sodium cornamphopropionate, sodium lauriminodipropionate, ammonium cocaminopropionate, ammonium cocaminodipropionate, ammonium cocoamphoacetate, ammonium cocoamphodiacetate, ammonium cocoamphohydroxypropylsulfonate, ammonium cocoamphopropionate, ammonium cornamphopropionate, ammonium lauraminopropionate, lauroamphoacetic acid Ammonium lauroamphodiacetate, ammonium lauroamphohydroxypropylsulfonate, ammonium lauroamphopropionate, ammonium corn amphopropionate, ammonium lauriminodipropionate, triethanolamine cocaminopropionate, triethanolamine cocaminodipropionate, triethanolamine cocoamphoacetate, triethanolamine cocoamphohydroxypropylsulfonate, triethanolamine cocoamphopropionate, triethanolamine corn amphopropionate, triethanolamine lauraminopropionate, triethanolamine lauroamphoacetate, triethanolamine lauroamphohydroxypropylsulfonate, triethanolamine lauroamphopropionate, triethanolamine corn amphopropionate, triethanolamine lauraminodipropionate, triethanolamine lauroamphoacetate, triethanolamine lauroamphohydroxypropylsulfonate, triethanolamine lauroamphopropionate, triethanolamine corn amphopropionate, triethanolamine lauraminodipropionate, cocoamphodipropionic acid, disodium caproamphodiacetate,Disodium caproamphodipropionate, disodium capryloamphodiacetate, disodium capryloamphodipriopionate, disodium cocoamphocarboxyethyl hydroxypropyl sulfonate, disodium cocoamphodiacetate, disodium cocoamphodipropionate, disodium dicarboxyethyl cocopropylenediamine, disodium laureth-5 carboxyamphodiacetate, disodium lauriminodipropionate, disodium lauroamphodiacetate, disodium lauroamphodipropionate, disodium oleoamphodipropionate, disodium PPG-2-isodecyl-7 carboxyamphodiacetate, disodium lauraminopropionic acid, lauroamphodipropionic acid, lauryl aminopropyl glycine, lauryl diethylenediaminoglycine, and mixtures thereof.

[0041] The compositions may also include zwitterionic co-surfactants, which are derivatives of aliphatic quaternary ammonium, phosphonium, and sulfonium compounds, in which the aliphatic groups may be linear or branched, and one of the aliphatic substituents contains from about 8 to about 18 carbon atoms and one contains an anionic group, such as a carboxy, sulfonate, sulfate, phosphate, or phosphonate. The zwitterionic surfactant may be selected from the group consisting of cocamidoethyl betaine, cocamidopropylamine oxide, cocamidopropyl betaine, cocamidopropyl dimethylamino hydroxypropyl hydrolyzed collagen, cocamidopropyl dimonium hydroxypropyl hydrolyzed collagen, cocamidopropyl hydroxysultaine, cocobetaine amide amphopropionate, coco-betaine, coco-hydroxysultaine, coco / oleamidopropyl betaine, coco-sultaine, lauramidopropyl betaine, lauryl betaine, lauryl hydroxysultaine, lauryl sultaine, and mixtures thereof.

[0042] Suitable nonionic surfactants for use in the present invention include those described in McCutcheion's Detergents and Emulsifiers, North American edition (1986), Allured Publishing Corp., and McCutcheion's Functional Materials, North American edition (1992). Suitable nonionic surfactants for use in the personal care compositions of the present invention include, but are not limited to, polyoxyethylenated alkylphenols, polyoxyethylenated alcohols, polyoxyethylenated polyoxypropylene glycols, glyceryl esters of alkanoic acids, polyglyceryl esters of alkanoic acids, propylene glycol esters of alkanoic acids, sorbitol esters of alkanoic acids, polyoxyethylenated sorbitol esters of alkanoic acids, polyoxyethylene glycol esters of alkanoic acids, polyoxyethylenated alkanoic acids, alkanolamides, N-alkylpyrrolidones, alkyl glycosides, alkyl polyglucosides, alkyl amine oxides, and polyoxyethylenated silicones.

[0043] The co-surfactant can be a non-ionic surfactant selected from the group of alkanolamides including cocamide, cocamide methyl MEA, cocamide DEA, cocamide MEA, cocamide MIPA, lauramide DEA, lauramide MEA, lauramide MIPA, myristamide DEA, myristamide MEA, PEG-20 cocamide MEA, PEG-2 cocamide, PEG-3 cocamide, PEG-4 cocamide, PEG-5 cocamide, PEG-6 cocamide, PEG-7 cocamide, PEG-3 lauramide, PEG-5 lauramide, PEG-3 oleamide, PPG-2 cocamide, PPG-2 hydroxyethyl cocamide, PPG-2 hydroxyethyl isostearamide, and mixtures thereof.

[0044] Representative polyoxyethylenated alcohols include alkyl chains ranging from C9 to C16 and having from about 1 to about 110 alkoxy groups, including, but not limited to, laureth-3, laureth-23, ceteth-10, steareth-10, steareth-100, beheneth-10, and those commercially available from Shell Chemicals (Houston, Texas) under the trade names Neodol® 91, Neodol® 23, Neodol® 25, Neodol® 45, Neodol® 135, Neodol® 67, Neodol® PC100, Neodol® PC200, Neodol® PC600, and mixtures thereof.

[0045] Also commercially available are the polyoxyethylene aliphatic ethers available from Uniqema (Wilmington, Delaware) under the trade name Brij®, including, but not limited to, Brij® 30, Brij® 35, Brij® 52, Brij® 56, Brij® 58, Brij® 72, Brij® 76, Brij® 78, Brij® 93, Brij® 97, Brij® 98, Brij® 721, and mixtures thereof.

[0046] Suitable alkyl glycosides and alkyl polyglucosides can be represented by the formula (S)nOR, where S is a sugar moiety such as glucose, fructose, mannose, galactose, etc., n is an integer from about 1 to about 1000, and R is a C8-C30 alkyl group. Examples of long chain alcohols from which the alkyl group can be derived include decyl alcohol, lauryl alcohol, myristyl alcohol, cetyl alcohol, stearyl alcohol, oleyl alcohol, and the like. Examples of these surfactants include alkyl polyglucosides, where S is a glucose moiety, R is a C8-20 alkyl group, and n is an integer from about 1 to about 9. Commercially available examples of these surfactants include decyl polyglucosides and lauryl polyglucosides available from Cognis (Ambler, Pa.) under the trade names APG® 325CS, APG® 600CS, and APG® 625CS. Also useful herein are sucrose ester surfactants such as sucrose cocoate and sucrose laurate, as well as alkyl polyglucosides available from Dow Chemical Company (Houston, Tx) under the trade names Triton™ BG-10 and Triton™ CG-110.

[0047] Other nonionic surfactants suitable for use in the present invention are glyceryl esters and polyglyceryl esters, including, but not limited to, glyceryl monoesters, such as glyceryl oleate, glyceryl monostearate, glyceryl monopalmitate, glyceryl monobehenate, and mixtures thereof, and polyglyceryl esters of C12-22 saturated, unsaturated and branched fatty acids, such as polyglyceryl-4 isostearate, polyglyceryl-3 oleate, polyglyceryl-2-sesquioleate, triglyceryl diisostearate, diglyceryl monooleate, tetraglyceryl monooleate, and mixtures thereof.

[0048] Also useful herein as nonionic surfactants are sorbitan esters. Sorbitan esters of C12-22 saturated, unsaturated, and branched fatty acids are useful herein. These sorbitan esters typically include mixtures of esters such as monoesters, diesters, triesters, etc. Representative examples of suitable sorbitan esters include sorbitan monolaurate (SPAN® 20), sorbitan monopalmitate (SPAN® 40), sorbitan monostearate (SPAN® 60), sorbitan tristearate (SPAN® 65), sorbitan monooleate (SPAN® 80), sorbitan trioleate (SPAN® 85), and sorbitan isostearate.

[0049] Also suitable for use herein are alkoxylated derivatives of sorbitan esters, including, but not limited to, polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate (Tween® 20), polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monopalmitate (Tween® 40), polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monostearate (Tween® 60), polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monooleate (Tween® 80), polyoxyethylene (4) sorbitan monolaurate (Tween® 21), polyoxyethylene (4) sorbitan monostearate (Tween® 61), polyoxyethylene (5) sorbitan monooleate (Tween® 81), and mixtures thereof, all available from Uniqema.

[0050] Also suitable for use herein are alkylphenol ethoxylates, including, but not limited to, nonylphenol ethoxylates (Tergitol™ NP-4, NP-6, NP-7, NP-8, NP-9, NP-10, NP-11, NP-12, NP-13, NP-15, NP-30, NP-40, NP-50, NP-55, NP-70, available from Dow Chemical Company, Houston, Tex.) and octylphenol ethoxylates (Triton™ X-15, X-35, X-45, X-114, X-100, X-102, X-165, X-305, X-405, X-705, available from Dow Chemical Company, Houston, Tex.).

[0051] Also suitable for use herein are the tertiary alkyl amine oxides, including lauramine oxide and cocamine oxide.

[0052] Non-limiting examples of other anionic, zwitterionic, amphoteric, and additional nonionic surfactants suitable for use in the personal care compositions are described in McCutcheon's "Emulsifiers and Detergents, 1989 Annual" (MC Publishing Co., Published by MC Publishing Co.), and U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,929,678, 2,658,072, 2,438,091, and 2,528,378, which are incorporated by reference in their entireties.

[0053] Suitable surfactant combinations include an average weight percent alkyl branching of about 0.5% to about 30%, alternatively about 1% to about 25%, alternatively about 2% to about 20%. The surfactant combination can have a cumulative average C8-C12 alkyl chain length weight percent of about 7.5% to about 25%, alternatively about 10% to about 22.5%, alternatively about 10% to about 20%. The surfactant combination can have an average C8-C12 / C13-C18 alkyl chain ratio of about 3 to about 200, alternatively about 25 to about 175.5, alternatively about 50 to about 150, alternatively about 75 to about 125.

[0054] Cationic Polymer The personal care composition also includes cationic polymers. These cationic polymers may include at least one of: (a) cationic guar polymers, (b) cationic non-guar galactomannan polymers, (c) cationic tapioca polymers, (d) cationic copolymers of acrylamide monomers and cationic monomers, and / or (e) synthetic non-crosslinked cationic polymers that may or may not form lyotropic liquid crystals when combined with a detersive surfactant, (f) cationic cellulose polymers. Additionally, the cationic polymer may be a mixture of cationic polymers.

[0055] The personal care compositions may include cationic guar polymers that are cationically substituted galactomannan (guar) gum derivatives. The guar gum used in the preparation of these guar gum derivatives is typically obtained as a naturally occurring material from the seeds of the guar plant. The guar molecule itself is a linear mannan with regularly spaced branching, with single-membered galactose units alternating on mannose units. The mannose units are linked together by β(1-4) glycosidic bonds. The galactose branches arise through α(1-6) bonds. The cationic derivatives of guar gum are obtained by reaction between the hydroxyl groups of the polygalactomannan and reactive quaternary ammonium compounds. The degree of substitution of cationic groups on the guar structure must be sufficient to provide the required cationic charge density as described above.

[0056] The cationic polymer may include, but is not limited to, a cationic guar polymer having a weight average molecular weight of less than 2,200,000 g / mol, or from about 150,000 to about 2,200,000 g / mol, or from about 200,000 to about 2,200,000 g / mol, or from about 300,000 to about 1,200,000 g / mol, or from about 750,000 (750,000 thousand) to about 1,000,000 g / mol. The cationic guar polymer may have a charge density of about 0.2 to about 2.2 meq / g, or from about 0.3 to about 2.0 meq / g, or from about 0.4 to about 1.8 meq / g, or from about 0.5 meq / g to about 1.8 meq / g.

[0057] The cationic guar polymer may have a weight average molecular weight of less than about 1,500,000 g / mole and has a charge density of from about 0.1 meq / g to about 2.5 meq / g. The cationic guar polymer may have a weight average molecular weight of less than 900,000 g / mol, or from about 150,000 to about 800,000 g / mol, or from about 200,000 to about 700,000 g / mol, or from about 300,000 to about 700,000 g / mol, or from about 400,000 to about 600,000 g / mol, or from about 150,000 to about 800,000 g / mol, or from about 200,000 to about 700,000 g / mol, or from about 300,000 to about 700,000 g / mol, or from about 400,000 to about 600,000 g / mol. The cationic guar polymer may have a charge density of from about 0.2 to about 2.2 meq / g, or from about 0.3 to about 2.0 meq / g, or from about 0.4 to about 1.8 meq / g, or from about 0.5 meq / g to about 1.5 meq / g.

[0058] The cationic guar polymer may be formed from a quaternary ammonium compound. The quaternary ammonium compound for forming the cationic guar polymer may conform to the general formula 1:

[0059] [ka] In the formula, R 3 , R 4 , and R 5 is a methyl or ethyl group, R 6 is an epoxyalkyl group of general formula 2,

[0060] [ka] Or R 6 is a halohydrin group of general formula 3,

[0061] [ka] In the formula, R 7is a C1-C3 alkylene, X is chlorine or bromine, and Z is an anion such as Cl-, Br-, I-, or HSO4-.

[0062] The cationic guar polymer may conform to the general formula 4:

[0063] [ka] In the formula, R 8 is guar gum, R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , and R 7 is as defined above and Z is a halogen. The cationic guar polymer can conform to formula 5.

[0064] [ka]

[0065] Suitable cationic guar polymers include cationic guar gum derivatives such as guar hydroxypropyltrimonium chloride. The cationic guar polymer can be guar hydroxypropyltrimonium chloride. Specific examples of guar hydroxypropyltrimonium chloride include the Jaguar series available from Solvay, such as Jaguar C-500 available from Solvay. Jaguar C-500 has a charge density of 0.8 meq / g and a molecular weight of 500,000 g / mol. Another suitable guar hydroxypropyltrimonium chloride is guar hydroxypropyltrimonium chloride, which has a charge density of about 1.3 meq / g and a molecular weight of about 500,000 g / mol and is available as Jaguar Optima from Solvay. Other suitable guar hydroxypropyltrimonium chlorides are guar hydroxypropyltrimonium chloride having a charge density of about 0.7 meq / g and a molecular weight of about 1,500,000 g / mol available from Solvay as Jaguar® Excel, other suitable guar hydroxypropyltrimonium chlorides are guar hydroxypropyltrimonium chloride having a charge density of about 1.1 meq / g and a molecular weight of about 500,000 g / mol available from ASI, and guar hydroxypropyltrimonium chloride having a charge density of about 1.5 meq / g and a molecular weight of about 500,000 g / mol available from ASI.

[0066] Other suitable guar hydroxypropyltrimonium chlorides are Hi-Care 1000, having a charge density of about 0.7 meq / g and a molecular weight of about 600,000 g / mol, available from Solvay, N-Hance 3269 and N-Hance 3270, having a charge density of about 0.7 meq / g and a molecular weight of about 425,000 g / mol, available from ASI, and N-Hance 3196, having a charge density of about 0.8 meq / g and a molecular weight of about 1,100,000 g / mol, available from ASI. AquaCat CG518, having a charge density of about 0.9 meq / g and a molecular weight of about 50,000 g / mol, available from ASI. BF-13, a borate-free guar with a charge density of about 1 meq / g and a molecular weight of about 800,000, and BF-17, a borate-free guar with a charge density of about 1.5 meq / g and a molecular weight of about 800,000, are both available from ASI.

[0067] The personal care compositions of the present invention may contain galactomannan polymer derivatives having a mannose to galactose ratio of greater than 2:1 on a monomer to monomer basis. The galactomannan polymer derivatives are selected from the group consisting of cationic galactomannan polymer derivatives and amphoteric galactomannan polymer derivatives having a positive net charge. As used herein, the term "cationic galactomannan" refers to a galactomannan polymer to which a cationic group has been added. The term "amphoteric galactomannan" refers to a galactomannan polymer to which a cationic group and an anionic group have been added such that the polymer has a net positive charge.

[0068] Galactomannan polymers are present in the endosperm of legume seeds. Galactomannan polymers are composed of a combination of mannose and galactose monomers. Galactomannan molecules are linear mannans with regular intervals of branching of single-membered galactose units on specific mannose units. The mannose units are linked together by β(1-4) glycosidic bonds. The galactose branches occur by α(1-6) bonds. The ratio of mannose monomers to galactose monomers varies from plant species to plant species and is also influenced by climate. The non-guar galactomannan polymer derivatives of the present invention have a mannose to galactose ratio of greater than 2:1 on a monomer to monomer basis. A suitable mannose to galactose ratio may be greater than about 3:1, and a mannose to galactose ratio may be greater than about 4:1. Analysis of mannose to galactose ratios is well known in the art and is typically based on measuring galactose content.

[0069] Gums used in the preparation of non-guar galactomannan polymer derivatives are typically obtained as naturally occurring materials such as plant seeds or beans. Examples of various non-guar galactomannan polymers include, but are not limited to, tara gum (3 parts mannose / 1 part galactose), locust bean or carob (4 parts mannose / 1 part galactose), and cassia gum (5 parts mannose / 1 part galactose).

[0070] The non-guar galactomannan polymer derivatives can have a molecular weight of from about 1,000 to about 10,000,000, and / or from about 5,000 to about 3,000,000.

[0071] The personal care compositions of the present invention can also include a galactomannan polymer derivative having a cationic charge density of about 0.5 meq / g to about 7 meq / g. The galactomannan polymer derivative can have a cationic charge density of about 1 meq / g to about 5 meq / g. The degree of substitution of cationic groups onto the galactomannan structure should be sufficient to provide the required cationic charge density.

[0072] The galactomannan polymer derivative may be a cationic derivative of a non-guar galactomannan polymer, obtained by reaction of the hydroxyl groups of the polygalactomannan polymer with a reactive quaternary ammonium compound. Suitable quaternary ammonium compounds for use in forming the cationic galactomannan polymer derivative include those conforming to the general formulas 1-5 defined above.

[0073] The cationic non-guar galactomannan polymer derivatives formed from the above reagents are represented by the general formula 6:

[0074] [ka] wherein R is a gum. The cationic galactomannan derivative can be the gum hydroxypropyltrimethylammonium chloride, which can be more specifically represented by the following general formula 7:

[0075] [ka]

[0076] Alternatively, the galactomannan polymer derivative may be an amphoteric galactomannan polymer derivative having a net positive charge, which is obtained when the cationic galactomannan polymer derivative further comprises an anionic group.

[0077] The cationic non-guar galactomannans can have a mannose to galactose ratio of greater than about 4:1, a molecular weight of about 1,000 g / mol to about 10,000,000 g / mol, and / or about 50,000 g / mol to about 1,000,000 g / mol, and / or about 100,000 g / mol to about 900,000 g / mol, and / or about 150,000 g / mol to about 400,000 g / mol, and a cationic charge density of about 1 meq / g to about 5 meq / g, and / or 2 meq / g to about 4 meq / g, and can be obtained from the cassia plant.

[0078] The personal care composition may comprise a water-soluble cationic modified starch polymer. As used herein, the term "cationically modified starch" refers to starch to which cationic groups have been added before the starch is degraded to a smaller molecular weight, or to starch to which cationic groups have been added after the starch has been modified to reach a desired molecular weight. The definition of the term "cationically modified starch" also includes amphoterically modified starch. The term "amphoterically modified starch" refers to starch hydrolysates to which cationic and anionic groups have been added.

[0079] The cationically modified starch polymers disclosed herein have a percentage of bound nitrogen from about 0.5% to about 4%.

[0080] The cationic modified starch polymers used in the personal care compositions can have a molecular weight of from about 850,000 g / mol to about 1,500,000 g / mol, and / or from about 900,000 g / mol to about 1,500,000 g / mol.

[0081] The personal care composition may include cationic modified starch polymers having a charge density of about 0.2 meq / g to about 5 meq / g, and / or about 0.2 meq / g to about 2 meq / g. Chemical modifications to obtain such charge densities include, but are not limited to, the addition of amino and / or ammonium groups to the starch molecule. Non-limiting examples of these ammonium groups may include substituents such as hydroxypropyltrimonium chloride, trimethylhydroxypropylammonium chloride, dimethylstearylhydroxypropylammonium chloride, and dimethyldodecylhydroxypropylammonium chloride. See Solarek, DB, Cationic Starches in Modified Starches: Properties and Uses, Wurzburg, OB, Ed., CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, Fla. 1986, pp 113-125. The cationic groups may be added to the starch before it is broken down to smaller molecular weights, or the cationic groups may be added after such modification.

[0082] Cationically modified starch polymers generally have a degree of substitution of cationic groups of about 0.2 to about 2.5. As used herein, the "degree of substitution" of a cationically modified starch polymer is the average number of hydroxyl groups on each anhydroglucose unit that are derivatized with a substituent. Since each anhydroglucose unit has three possible hydroxyl groups available for substitution, the maximum degree of substitution possible is 3. The degree of substitution is expressed on a molar average basis as the number of moles of substituent per mole of anhydroglucose unit. The degree of substitution can be determined using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (".sup.1H NMR") techniques well known in the art. Suitable .sup.1H NMR methods include those described in "Observation on NMR Spectra of Starches in Dimethyl Sulfoxide, Iodine-Complexing, and Solvating in Water-Dimethyl Sulfoxide", Qin-Ji Peng and Arthur S. Perlin, Carbohydrate Research, 160 (1987), 57-72, and "An Approach to the Structural Analysis of Oligosaccharides by NMR Spectroscopy", J. Howard Bradbury and J. Grant Collins, Carbohydrate Research, 71, (1979), 15-25.

[0083] The source of starch before chemical modification can be selected from a variety of sources such as tubers, legumes, cereals, and grains. Non-limiting examples of starches from this source can include corn starch, wheat starch, rice starch, waxy corn starch, oat starch, cassava starch, waxy barley, waxy rice starch, glutenous rice starch, amioca, potato starch, tapioca starch, oat starch, sago starch, glutinous rice, or mixtures thereof.

[0084] The cationically modified starch polymers may be selected from degraded cationic corn starch, cationic tapioca, cationic potato starch, and mixtures thereof. Alternatively, the cationically modified starch polymers are cationic corn starch and cationic tapioca.

[0085] Starch may include one or more additional modifications before or after degradation to smaller molecular weights. For example, these modifications may include crosslinking, stabilization reactions, phosphorylation, and hydrolysis. Stabilization reactions may include alkylation and esterification.

[0086] The cationically modified starch polymers may be incorporated into the composition in the form of hydrolyzed starch (e.g., acid, enzymatic, or alkaline degradation), oxidized starch (e.g., peroxide, peracid, hypochlorite, alkali, or any other oxidizing agent), physically / mechanically degraded starch (e.g., by the thermal mechanical energy input of a processing device), or combinations thereof.

[0087] The optimal form of starch is one that is easily soluble in water and forms a substantially transparent (about 80% transmittance at 600 nm) aqueous solution. The transmittance of the composition is measured by Ultra-Violet / Visible (UV / VIS) spectrophotometry, which measures the absorbance or transmittance of a sample through UV / VIS light using a Gretag Macbeth Colorimeter Color i 5 according to the relevant instructions. A light wavelength of 600 nm has been shown to be suitable for characterizing the transparency of cosmetic compositions.

[0088] Cationic modified starch suitable for use in personal care compositions is available from known starch suppliers.Nonionic modified starch that can be further derivatized to cationic modified starch as known in the art is also suitable for use in personal care compositions.Other suitable modified starch starting materials may be quaternized as known in the art to produce cationic modified starch polymers suitable for use in personal care compositions.

[0089] Starch Degradation Procedure: A starch slurry can be prepared by mixing granular starch in water. The temperature is raised to about 35°C. An aqueous solution of potassium permanganate is then added at a concentration of about 50 ppm based on starch. The pH is raised to about 11.5 with sodium hydroxide and the slurry is stirred well to prevent the starch from settling. About a 30% solution of hydrogen peroxide diluted in water is then added until the peroxide concentration based on starch is about 1%. The pH is then returned to about 11.5 by adding additional sodium hydroxide. The reaction is completed over a period of about 1 to about 20 hours. The mixture is then neutralized with dilute hydrochloric acid. The degraded starch is collected by filtration, then washed and dried.

[0090] The personal care composition can include a cationic copolymer of acrylamide monomers and cationic monomers, the copolymer having a charge density of about 1.0 meq / g to about 3.0 meq / g. The cationic copolymer can be a synthetic cationic copolymer of acrylamide monomers and cationic monomers.

[0091] The cationic copolymer may include: (i) an acrylamide monomer of formula AM:

[0092] [ka] In the formula, R 9 is H or C 1~4 is alkyl, R10 and R 11 are independently H, C 1~4 alkyl, CH2OCH3, CH2OCH2CH(CH3)2, and phenyl, or together selected from the group consisting of C 3~6 It is cycloalkyl. (ii) a cationic monomer conforming to the formula C:

[0093] [ka] In the formula, k=1, v, v', and v'' are each independently an integer of 1 to 6, w is 0 or an integer of 1 to 10, and X - is an anion.

[0094] The cationic monomer fits the formula CM, where k=1, v=3, and w=0, z=1, and X - is Cl - and the following structure can be formed:

[0095] [ka] The above structure is sometimes referred to as a diquat. Alternatively, the cationic monomer can conform to the formula CM, where v and v″ are each 3, v′=1, w=1, y=1, and X - is Cl - For example,

[0096] [ka] The above structure is sometimes referred to as a triquat.

[0097] Suitable acrylamide monomers include, but are not limited to, either acrylamide or methacrylamide.

[0098] The cationic copolymer (b) may be AM:TRIQUAT, which is a copolymer of acrylamide and 1,3-propanediaminium, N-[2-[[[dimethyl[3-[(2-methyl-1-oxo-2-propenyl)amino]propyl]ammonio]acetyl]amino]ethyl]2-hydroxy-N,N,N',N',N'-pentamethyl-, trichloride. AM:TRIQUAT is also known as polyquaternium-76 (PQ76). AM:TRIQUAT may have a charge density of 1.6 meq / g and a molecular weight of 1,100,000 g / mol.

[0099] The cationic copolymer may be an acrylamide monomer and a cationic monomer, the cationic monomer being selected from the group consisting of dimethylaminoethyl (meth)acrylate, dimethylaminopropyl (meth)acrylate, ditertiobutylaminoethyl (meth)acrylate, dimethylaminomethyl (meth)acrylamide, dimethylaminopropyl (meth)acrylamide; ethylenimine, vinylamine, 2-vinylpyridine, 4-vinylpyridine; trimethylammoniumethyl (meth)acrylate chloride, trimethylammoniumethyl (meth)acrylate methylsulfate, dimethylammoniumethyl (meth)acrylate benzyl chloride, 4-benzoylbenzyldimethylammoniumethyl acrylate chloride, trimethylammoniumethyl (meth)acrylamido chloride, trimethylammoniumpropyl (meth)acrylamido chloride, vinylbenzyltrimethylammonium chloride, diallyldimethylammonium chloride, and mixtures thereof.

[0100] The cationic copolymer may comprise a cationic monomer selected from the group consisting of cationic monomers including trimethylammonium ethyl (meth)acrylate chloride, trimethylammonium ethyl (meth)acrylate methyl sulfate, dimethylammonium ethyl (meth)acrylate benzyl chloride, 4-benzoylbenzyl dimethylammonium ethyl acrylate chloride, trimethylammonium ethyl (meth)acrylamide chloride, trimethylammonium propyl (meth)acrylamide chloride, vinylbenzyl trimethylammonium chloride, and mixtures thereof.

[0101] The cationic copolymer may be water-soluble. The cationic copolymer is formed from (1) a copolymer of (meth)acrylamide and a cationic monomer based on (meth)acrylamide, and / or a cationic monomer stable against hydrolysis, (2) a terpolymer of (meth)acrylamide, a monomer based on a cationic (meth)acrylic acid ester, and a monomer based on (meth)acrylamide, and / or a cationic monomer stable against hydrolysis. The monomer based on a cationic (meth)acrylic acid ester may be a cationic ester of (meth)acrylic acid containing a quaternized nitrogen atom. The cationic ester of (meth)acrylic acid containing a quaternized nitrogen atom may be a dialkylaminoalkyl (meth)acrylate quaternized at C1-C3 in the alkyl and alkylene groups. Suitable cationized esters of (meth)acrylic acid containing quaternized nitrogen atoms can be selected from the group consisting of ammonium salts of dimethylaminomethyl (meth)acrylate, dimethylaminoethyl (meth)acrylate, dimethylaminopropyl (meth)acrylate, diethylaminomethyl (meth)acrylate, diethylaminoethyl (meth)acrylate, and diethylaminopropyl (meth)acrylate quaternized with methyl chloride. The cationized esters of (meth)acrylic acid containing quaternized nitrogen atoms can be dimethylaminoethyl acrylate (ADAME-Quat) quaternized with alkyl halides, or with methyl chloride or benzyl chloride or dimethyl sulfate. When the cationic monomer is based on (meth)acrylamide, it can be dialkylaminoalkyl (meth)acrylamide quaternized with C1-C3 in the alkyl and alkylene groups, or dimethylaminopropyl acrylamide quaternized with alkyl halides, or with methyl chloride or benzyl chloride or dimethyl sulfate.

[0102] Suitable (meth)acrylamide-based cationic monomers include dialkylaminoalkyl(meth)acrylamides quaternized at C1-C3 in the alkyl and alkylene groups. The (meth)acrylamide-based cationic monomer may be dimethylaminopropylacrylamide quaternized with an alkyl halide, in particular with methyl chloride or benzyl chloride or dimethyl sulfate.

[0103] The cationic monomer may be a hydrolytically stable cationic monomer. In addition to dialkylaminoalkyl(meth)acrylamides, the hydrolytically stable cationic monomer may be any monomer that can be considered stable to the OECD hydrolysis test. The cationic monomer may be hydrolytically stable, and the hydrolytically stable cationic monomer may be selected from the group consisting of diallyldimethylammonium chloride and water-soluble cationic styrene derivatives.

[0104] The cationic copolymer can be a terpolymer of acrylamide, 2-dimethylammoniumethyl(meth)acrylate quaternized with methyl chloride (ADAME-Q), and 3-dimethylammoniumpropyl(meth)acrylamide quaternized with methyl chloride (DIMAPA-Q). The cationic copolymer can be formed from acrylamide and acrylamidopropyltrimethylammonium chloride, which has a charge density of about 1.0 meq / g to about 3.0 meq / g.

[0105] The cationic copolymer can have a charge density of from about 1.1 meq / g to about 2.5 meq / g, or from about 1.1 meq / g to about 2.3 meq / g, or from about 1.2 meq / g to about 2.2 meq / g, or from about 1.2 meq / g to about 2.1 meq / g, or from about 1.3 meq / g to about 2.0 meq / g, or from about 1.3 meq / g to about 1.9 meq / g.

[0106] The cationic copolymer can have a molecular weight of from about 100,000 g / mol to about 1,500,000 g / mol, or from about 300,000 g / mol to about 1,500,000 g / mol, or from about 500,000 g / mol to about 1,500,000 g / mol, or from about 700,000 g / mol to about 1,000,000 g / mol, or from about 900,000 g / mol to about 1,200,000 g / mol.

[0107] The cationic copolymer can be trimethylammoniopropyl methacrylamide chloride-N-acrylamide copolymer, also known as AM:MAPTAC. AM:MAPTAC can have a charge density of about 1.3 meq / g and a molecular weight of about 1,100,000 g / mol. The cationic copolymer can be AM:ATPAC. AM:ATPAC can have a charge density of about 1.8 meq / g and a molecular weight of 1,100,000 g / mol.

[0108] (a) Cationic synthetic polymer The personal care composition can include a cationic synthetic polymer, which can be formed from: i) one or more cationic monomer units, and optionally ii) one or more monomeric units that have a negative charge; and / or iii) non-ionic monomers. Here, the subsequent charge of the copolymer is positive. The ratio of these three monomers is represented by "m", "p" and "q", where "m" is the number of cationic monomers, "p" is the number of monomers carrying a negative charge and "q" is the number of non-ionic monomers.

[0109] The cationic polymer may be a water-soluble or dispersible, non-crosslinked synthetic cationic polymer having the following structure:

[0110] [ka] where A can be one or more of the following cationic moieties:

[0111] [ka] where @ is an amide, alkylamide, ester, ether, alkyl, or alkylaryl; Y is a C1-C22 alkyl, alkoxy, alkylidene, alkyl, or aryloxy; Ψ is C1 to C22 alkyl, alkyloxy, alkylaryl, or alkylaryloxy. Z is C1-C22 alkyl, alkyloxy, aryl or aryloxy; R1 is H, C1-C4 linear or branched alkyl; s is 0 or 1, n is 0 or ≧1, T and R7 are C1-C22 alkyl; X - is a halogen, hydroxide, alkoxide, sulfate or alkyl sulfate.

[0112] In the above structure, the negatively charged monomer is defined by R2' being H, C1-C4 straight or branched alkyl, and R3 being:

[0113] [ka] wherein D is O, N, or S; Q is NH2 or O; u is 1 to 6; t is 0 to 1; J is an oxygenated functional group containing the following elements P, S, C.

[0114] In the above structure, the nonionic monomer is defined by R2″ being H, C1-C4 linear or branched alkyl, R6 being linear or branched alkyl, alkylaryl, aryloxy, alkyloxy, alkylaryloxy, and β being defined as follows:

[0115] [ka] wherein G′ and G″ are each independently O, S, or NH; and L is 0 or 1.

[0116] Examples of cationic monomers include aminoalkyl (meth)acrylates, (meth)aminoalkyl (meth)acrylamides; monomers containing at least one secondary, tertiary, or quaternary amine functional group, or a heterocyclic group containing a nitrogen atom, vinylamine or ethyleneimine; diallyldialkylammonium salts; mixtures thereof, salts thereof, and macromonomers derived therefrom.

[0117] Further examples of cationic monomers include dimethylaminoethyl (meth)acrylate, dimethylaminopropyl (meth)acrylate, ditertiobutylaminoethyl (meth)acrylate, dimethylaminomethyl (meth)acrylamide, dimethylaminopropyl (meth)acrylamide, ethyleneimine, vinylamine, 2-vinylpyridine, 4-vinylpyridine, trimethylammoniumethyl (meth)acrylate chloride, trimethylammoniumethyl (meth)acrylate methylsulfate, dimethylammoniumethyl (meth)acrylate benzyl chloride, 4-benzoylbenzyldimethylammoniumethyl acrylate chloride, trimethylammoniumethyl (meth)acrylamido chloride, trimethylammoniumpropyl (meth)acrylamido chloride, vinylbenzyltrimethylammonium chloride, diallyldimethylammonium chloride.

[0118] Suitable cationic monomers include those of the formula -NR3+ (wherein R is the same or different and represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group containing 1 to 10 carbon atoms, or a benzyl group, optionally having a hydroxyl group) and includes a quaternary ammonium group and an anion (counter ion). Examples of anions are halides such as chloride and bromide, sulfate, hydrosulfate, alkyl sulfate (e.g., containing 1 to 6 carbon atoms), phosphate, citrate, formate, and acetate.

[0119] Suitable cationic monomers include trimethylammonium ethyl (meth)acrylate chloride, trimethylammonium ethyl (meth)acrylate methyl sulfate, dimethylammonium ethyl (meth)acrylate benzyl chloride, 4-benzoylbenzyl dimethylammonium ethyl acrylate chloride, trimethylammonium ethyl (meth)acrylamide chloride, trimethylammonium propyl (meth)acrylamide chloride, vinylbenzyl trimethylammonium chloride.

[0120] Further suitable cationic monomers include trimethylammonium propyl (meth)acrylamide chloride.

[0121] Examples of negatively charged monomers include alpha-ethylenically unsaturated monomers containing a phosphate or phosphonate group, alpha-ethylenically unsaturated monocarboxylic acids, monoalkyl esters of alpha-ethylenically unsaturated dicarboxylic acids, monoalkyl amides of alpha-ethylenically unsaturated dicarboxylic acids, alpha-ethylenically unsaturated compounds containing a sulfonic acid group, and salts of alpha-ethylenically unsaturated compounds containing a sulfonic acid group.

[0122] Suitable monomers having a negative charge include acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, vinyl sulfonic acid, salts of vinyl sulfonic acid, vinylbenzene sulfonic acid, salts of vinylbenzene sulfonic acid, α-acrylamidomethylpropanesulfonic acid, salts of α-acrylamidomethylpropanesulfonic acid, 2-sulfoethyl methacrylate, salts of 2-sulfoethyl methacrylate, acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulphonic acid (AMPS), salts of acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulphonic acid, and styrenesulphonate (SS).

[0123] Examples of nonionic monomers include vinyl acetate, amides of alpha-ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids, esters of alpha-ethylenically unsaturated monocarboxylic acids with hydrogenated or fluorinated alcohols, polyethylene oxide (meth)acrylates (i.e., polyethoxylated (meth)acrylic acids), monoalkyl esters of alpha-ethylenically unsaturated dicarboxylic acids, monoalkyl amides of alpha-ethylenically unsaturated dicarboxylic acids, vinyl nitriles, vinylamine amides, vinyl alcohol, vinyl pyrrolidone, and vinyl aromatic compounds.

[0124] Suitable nonionic monomers include styrene, acrylamide, methacrylamide, acrylonitrile, methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, n-propyl acrylate, n-butyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, n-propyl methacrylate, n-butyl methacrylate, 2-ethyl-hexyl acrylate, 2-ethyl-hexyl methacrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate, and 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate.

[0125] The anionic counterion (X-) associated with the synthetic cationic polymers may be any known counterion, so long as the polymer remains soluble or dispersible in water, the personal care composition, or a coacervate phase of the personal care composition, and so long as the counterion is physically and chemically compatible with the essential components of the personal care composition or does not otherwise unduly impair the performance, stability, or aesthetics of the product. Non-limiting examples of such counterions include halide ions (e.g., chloride, fluorine, bromide, iodine), sulfate ions, and methylsulfate ions.

[0126] The cationic polymers described herein can help provide a substitute hydrophobic F-layer to damaged hair, especially chemically treated hair. The microscopically thin F-layer provides natural weather resistance while helping to seal in moisture and prevent further damage. Chemical treatment damages the hair cuticle, causing the protective F-layer to peel off from the hair. As the F-layer peels off, the hair becomes more hydrophilic. It has been found that application of lyotropic liquid crystals to chemically treated hair makes the hair more hydrophobic, and makes it look and feel more like untreated hair. Without being bound by any theory, it is believed that the lyotropic liquid crystal complex forms a hydrophobic layer or film that coats the hair fiber and protects the hair in the same way that a natural F-layer protects hair. The hydrophobic layer returns the hair to a generally healthier state, similar to untreated hair. Lyotropic liquid crystals are formed by combining the synthetic cationic polymers described herein with the above-mentioned anionic cleansing surfactant components of personal care compositions.The charge density of synthetic cationic polymers is relatively high.It should be noted that some synthetic polymers with relatively high cationic charge density do not form lyotropic liquid crystals, mainly due to their unusual linear charge density.Such synthetic cationic polymers are described in WO 94 / 06403 (Reich et al.).The synthetic polymers described herein can be formulated into stable personal care compositions that improve conditioning performance on damaged hair.

[0127] The cationic synthetic polymer capable of forming lyotropic liquid crystals has a cationic charge density of about 2 meq / gm to about 7 meq / gm, and / or about 3 meq / gm to about 7 meq / gm, and / or about 4 meq / gm to about 7 meq / gm. The cationic charge density may be about 6.2 meq / gm. The polymer also has a molecular weight of about 1,000 to about 5,000,000, and / or about 10,000 to about 1,500,000, and / or about 100,000 to about 1,500,000.

[0128] In the present invention, the cationic synthetic polymers that provide enhanced conditioning and deposition of benefit agents, but do not necessarily form lyotropic liquid crystals, may have a cationic charge density of from about 0.7 meq / gm to about 7 meq / gm, and / or from about 0.8 meq / gm to about 5 meq / gm, and / or from about 1.0 meq / gm to about 3 meq / gm. The polymers may also have molecular weights of from about 1,000 to about 1,500,000, from about 10,000 to about 1,500,000, and from about 100,000 to about 1,500,000.

[0129] A suitable cationic cellulose polymer is a salt of hydroxyethyl cellulose reacted with trimethylammonium-substituted epoxide, which is referred to in the industry (CTFA) as Polyquaternium-10 and is available from Dow / Amerchol Corp. (Edison, NJ, USA) in the Polymer LR, JR, and KG series of polymers. Non-limiting examples include JR-30M, KG-30M, JP, LR-400, and mixtures thereof. Another suitable type of cationic cellulose includes a polymeric quaternary ammonium salt of hydroxyethyl cellulose reacted with lauryldimethylammonium-substituted epoxide, which is referred to in the industry (CTFA) as Polyquaternium-24. These materials are available from Dow / Amerchol Corp. under the trade name Polymer LM-200. Other suitable types of cationic cellulose include polymeric quaternary ammonium salts of hydroxyethylcellulose reacted with lauryldimethylammonium- and trimethylammonium-substituted epoxides, referred to in the industry (CTFA) as Polyquaternium-67. These materials are available from Dow / Amerchol Corp. under the trade names SoftCAT Polymer SL-5, SoftCAT Polymer SL-30, Polymer SL-60, Polymer SL-100, Polymer SK-L, Polymer SK-M, Polymer SK-MH, and Polymer SK-H.

[0130] The concentration of the cationic polymer ranges from about 0.025% to about 5%, from about 0.1% to about 3%, and / or from about 0.2% to about 1% by weight of the personal care composition.

[0131] Stabilizing Polymer The personal care composition may include a stabilizing polymer to increase the viscosity of the composition. Any suitable stabilizing polymer may be used. The personal care composition may include about 0.05% to about 10%, 0.1% to about 9% stabilizing, about 0.4% to about 8% stabilizing polymer, about 0.7% to about 5% stabilizing modifying polymer, and about 1% to about 2.5% stabilizing polymer. The stabilizing polymer modifier may be a polyacrylate, polyacrylamide thickener. The stabilizing polymer may be an anionic stabilizing polymer.

[0132] The personal care compositions may include stabilizing polymers that are homopolymers based on acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, or other related derivatives, non-limiting examples include polyacrylates, polymethacrylates, polyethylacrylates, and polyacrylamides.

[0133] The stabilizing polymers may be alkali-swellable and hydrophobically modified alkali-swellable acrylic or methacrylate copolymers, non-limiting examples of which include acrylic acid / acrylonitrile copolymer, acrylates / steareth-20 itaconate copolymer, acrylates / ceteth-20 itaconate copolymer, acrylates / aminoacrylate / C10-30 alkyl PEG-20 itaconate copolymer, acrylates / aminoacrylate copolymer, acrylates / steareth-20 methacrylate copolymer, a Acrylates / Beheneth-25 Methacrylate Copolymer, Acrylates / Steareth-20 Methacrylate Crosspolymer, Acrylates / Beheneth-25 Methacrylate / HEMA Crosspolymer, Acrylates / Vinyl Neodecanoate Crosspolymer, Acrylates / Vinyl Isodecanoate Crosspolymer, Acrylates / Palmeth-25 Acrylate Copolymer, Acrylic Acid / Acrylamidomethylpropanesulfonic Acid Copolymer, and Acrylates / C10-C30 Alkyl Acrylate Crosspolymer.

[0134] The stabilizing polymer may be a soluble crosslinked acrylic polymer, a non-limiting example of which is carbomer.

[0135] The stabilizing polymer may be an associative polymer thickener, non-limiting examples of which include hydrophobically modified alkali swellable emulsions, non-limiting examples of which include hydrophobically modified polyacrylates; hydrophobically modified polyacrylic acids, and hydrophobically modified polyacrylamides; hydrophobically modified polyethers, which may have a hydrophobicity selected from cetyl, stearyl, oleayl, and combinations thereof.

[0136] The stabilizing polymer may be used in combination with polyvinylpyrrolidone, crosslinked polyvinylpyrrolidone, and derivatives. The stabilizing polymer may be combined with polyvinyl alcohol and derivatives. The stabilizing polymer may be combined with polyethyleneimine and derivatives.

[0137] Stabilizing polymers may be combined with alginate-based materials, non-limiting examples of which include sodium alginate and propylene glycol alginate.

[0138] Stabilizing polymers can be used in combination with polyurethane polymers, non-limiting examples of which include hydrophobically modified alkoxylated urethane polymers, non-limiting examples of which include PEG-150 / Decyl Alcohol / SMDI Copolymer, PEG-150 / Stearyl Alcohol / SMDI Copolymer, Polyurethane-39.

[0139] Stabilizing polymers may be combined with associative polymer thickeners, non-limiting examples include hydrophobically modified cellulose derivatives and hydrophilic moieties of repeating ethylene oxide groups with repeat units of 10 to 300, 30 to 200, and 40 to 150. Non-limiting examples of this category include PEG-120-methyl glucose dioleate, PEG-(40 or 60) sorbitan tetraoleate, PEG-150 pentaerythrityl tetrastearate, PEG-55 propylene glycol oleate, PEG-150 distearate.

[0140] The stabilizing polymer may be combined with cellulose and derivatives, non-limiting examples of which include microcrystalline cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose, methyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose; nitrocellulose; cellulose sulfate; cellulose powder; hydrophobically modified cellulose.

[0141] The stabilizing polymer may be combined with guar and guar derivatives, non-limiting examples of which include hydroxypropyl guar, and hydroxypropyl guar hydroxypropyltrimonium chloride.

[0142] The stabilizing polymer may be combined with polyethylene oxide, polypropylene oxide, and POE-PPO copolymers.

[0143] The stabilizing polymer may be combined with a polyalkylene glycol characterized by the general formula:

[0144] [ka] where R is hydrogen, methyl, or a mixture thereof, where R is hydrogen and n is an integer having an average of 2,000 to 180,000, or 7,000 to 90,000, or 7,000 to 45,000. Non-limiting examples of this category include PEG-7M, PEG-14M, PEG-23M, PEG-25M, PEG-45M, PEG-90M, or PEG-100M.

[0145] The stabilizing polymer may be combined with silica, non-limiting examples of which include fumed silica, precipitated silica, and silicone surface treated silica.

[0146] The stabilizing polymer may be combined with a water-swellable clay, non-limiting examples of which include laponite, bentonite, montmorillonite, smectite, and hectonite.

[0147] The stabilizing polymer may be combined with gums, non-limiting examples of which include xanthan gum, guar gum, hydroxyprolyl guar gum, gum arabic, tragacanth, galactan, carob gum, karaya gum, and locust bean gum.

[0148] The stabilizing polymers may be combined with dibenzylidene sorbitol, carrageenan, pectin, agar, quince seed (Cydonia oblonga Mill), starch (obtained from rice, corn, potato, wheat, etc.), starch derivatives (e.g., carboxymethyl starch, methylhydroxypropyl starch), algae extracts, dextran, succinoglucan, and prelan.

[0149] Non-limiting examples of stabilizing polymers include acrylamide / ammonium acrylate copolymer (and) polyisobutene (and) polysorbate 20; acrylamide / sodium acryloyldimethyltaurate copolymer / isohexadecane / polysorbate 80, ammonium acryloyldimethyltaurate / VP copolymer, sodium acrylate / sodium acryloyldimethyltaurate copolymer, acrylates copolymer, acrylates crosspolymer-4, acrylates crosspolymer-3, acrylates / beheneth-25 methacrylate copolymer, acrylates / C10-C30 alkyl acrylate crosspolymer, acrylates / steareth-20 itaconate copolymer, polysorbate 80 ... Ammonium triacrylate / isohexadecane / PEG-40 castor oil; carbomer, sodium carbomer, crosslinked polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), polyacrylamide / C13-14 isoparaffin / laureth-7, polyacrylate 13 / polyisobutene / polysorbate 20, polyacrylate crosspolymer-6, polyamide-3, polyquaternium-37 (and) hydrogenated polydecene (and) trideceth-6, acrylamide / sodium acryloyldimethyltaurate / acrylic acid copolymer, sodium acrylate / acryloyldimethyltaurate / dimethylacrylamide crosspolymer (and) isohexadecane (and) polysorbate 60, sodium polyacrylate.Exemplary commercially available stabilizing polymers include ACULYN™ 28, ACULYN™ 88, ACULYN™ 33, ACULYN™ 22, ACULYN™ Excel, Carbopol® Aqua SF-1, Carbopol® ETD 2020, Carbopol® Ultrez 20, Carbopol® Ultrez 21, Carbopol® Ultrez 10, Carbopol® Ultrez 30, Carbopol® 1342, Carbopol® Aqua SF-2 polymer, Sepigel™ 305, Simulgel™ 600, Sepimax Zen, Carbopol® SMART1000, Rheocare® TTA, Rheomer® SC-Plus, STRUCTURE® PLUS, Aristoflex® AVC, Stabylen® 30, and combinations thereof.

[0150] Suspension wax Suitable stabilizers include mono- and / or diesters of alkylene glycols having the formula:

[0151] [ka] In the formula, R1 is a linear or branched C12 to C22 alkyl group, R is a linear or branched C2-C4 alkylene group; P is selected from H, C1-C4 alkyl, or -COR2, where R2 is C4-C22 alkyl, or in other embodiments C12-C22 alkyl; n=1 to 3.

[0152] In one embodiment, the long chain fatty ester has the general structure above, where R1 is a linear or branched C16-C22 alkyl group, R is -CH2-CH2-, P is selected from H or -COR2, and R2 is a C4-C22 alkyl, or in another embodiment, a C12-C22 alkyl.

[0153] Typical examples are the mono- and / or diesters of fatty acids containing from about 6 to about 22, from about 12 to about 18 carbon atoms, such as caproic acid, caprylic acid, 2-ethylhexanoic acid, capric acid, lauric acid, isotridecanoic acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, palmitoleic acid, stearic acid, isostearic acid, oleic acid, elaidic acid, petroselinic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, arachic acid, gadoleic acid, behenic acid, erucic acid, and mixtures thereof, with ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, diethylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, triethylene glycol, or tetraethylene glycol.

[0154] In one embodiment, ethylene glycol monostearate (EGMS) and / or ethylene glycol distearate (EGDS) and / or polyethylene glycol monostearate (PGMS) and / or polyethylene glycol distearate (PGDS) are the suspending waxes used in the composition. There are several commercial sources of these materials. For example, PEG6000MS® is available from Stepan, and Empilan EGDS / A® is available from Albright & Wilson.

[0155] Traditionally, glyceride ester compounds can be used as structuring agents in personal care compositions.For example, Thixcin® R is a trihydroxystearin, a commercially available hydrogenated castor oil manufactured by Elementis Specialty (New Jersey) and marketed as a stabilizer and structuring agent for personal care compositions.Suitable glyceride esters for the personal care compositions described herein can be selected from any crystalline glyceride ester that allows the formation of coacervates in personal care compositions that include suitable surfactants and cationic polymers.For example, a suitable glyceride ester is hydrogenated castor oil (such as trihydroxystearin or dihydroxystearin).

[0156] An example of additional crystalline glyceride esters can include substantially pure triglyceride of 12-hydroxystearic acid. 12-hydroxystearic acid is a pure form of triglyceride of 12-hydroxy-9-cis-octadecenoic acid that is fully hydrogenated. As can be understood, many additional glyceride esters are possible. For example, changes in hydrogenation process and natural changes in castor oil can allow the production of additional suitable glyceride esters from castor oil.

[0157] Suitable glyceride esters can also be formed from a mixture of one or more glycerides. For example, a mixture of glycerides containing about 80% or more of castor oil by weight of the mixture can be suitable. Other suitable mixtures can include mixtures of only triglycerides, mixtures of diglycerides and triglycerides, mixtures of triglycerides, diglycerides, and monoglycerides with limited amounts, such as less than about 20% by weight of the mixture, or any mixtures thereof containing about 20% or less by weight of the corresponding acid hydrolysis products of any of the glycerides. About 80% or more by weight of the mixture can be chemically identical to the glyceride of fully hydrogenated ricinoleic acid, i.e., the glyceride of 12-hydroxystearic acid. Hydrogenated castor oil can be modified so that in a given triglyceride, there are two 12-hydroxystearin moieties and one stearin moiety. Alternatively, partial hydrogenation can be used. However, poly(oxyalkylated) castor oil is not preferred because it has an unfavorable melting point.

[0158] Castor oil includes glycerides, particularly triglycerides, that contain C10-C22 alkyl or alkenyl moieties with hydroxy groups. Hydrogenation of castor oil produces hydrogenated castor oil by conversion of double bonds present in the starting oil as ricinoleyl moieties. These moieties are converted to ricinoleyl moieties, which are saturated hydroxyalkyl moieties, e.g., hydroxystearyl. Hydrogenated castor oil (HCO) herein may, in some embodiments, be selected from trihydroxystearin, dihydroxystearin, and mixtures thereof. HCO can be processed in any suitable starting form, including, but not limited to, selected from solids, melts, and mixtures thereof. Useful HCO can have the following properties: a melting point of about 40° C. to about 100° C., alternatively about 65° C. to about 95° C., and / or an iodine value ranging from about 0 to about 5, alternatively about 0 to about 4, alternatively about 0 to about 2.6. The melting point of HCO can be measured using DSC: Differential Scanning Calorimetry.

[0159] Suitable HCOs include those available commercially. Non-limiting examples of commercially available HCOs suitable for use include THIXCIN-R® (supplied by Elementis), which is supplied as a powder having small particles (99% by weight smaller than 44 μm).

[0160] The present invention is not intended to be limited to the use of hydrogenated castor oil. Any other suitable crystallizable glycerides may be used. In one example, the structurant is a nearly pure triglyceride of 12-hydroxystearic acid. This molecule represents the pure form of the triglyceride of 12-hydroxy-9-cis-octadecenoic acid, which is fully hydrogenated. In nature, the composition of castor oil may vary to some extent. Similarly, the method of hydrogenation may vary. Any other suitable equivalent material may be used, such as a mixture of triglycerides, of which at least about 80% by weight is derived from castor oil. Exemplary equivalent materials comprise or consist primarily of triglycerides; or comprise or consist primarily of mixtures of diglycerides and triglycerides; or comprise or consist primarily of mixtures of triglycerides and diglycerides and limited amounts of monoglycerides, e.g., less than about 20% by weight of the mixture of glycerides; or comprise or consist primarily of any of the foregoing glycerides and limited amounts, e.g., less than about 20% by weight, of the corresponding acid hydrolysis products of any of the foregoing glycerides.

[0161] The stabilized premix comprises from about 4% to about 30% of 100% active stabilizer by weight of the personal care composition, hi other embodiments, the stabilized premix comprises from about 15% to about 25% stabilizer.

[0162] The amount of the suspended wax in the present invention may be about 0.01% to about 4%. The amount of the suspended wax in the present invention may be about 0.1% to about 3%. The amount of the suspended wax in the present invention may be about 0.5% to about 2%. The amount of the suspended wax in the present invention may be about 0.3% to about 1.5%.

[0163] Water-miscible solvents Carriers for personal care compositions can include water and aqueous solutions of lower alkyl alcohols, polyhydric alcohols, ketones having 3-4 carbon atoms, C1-C6 esters of C1-C6 alcohols, sulfoxides, amides, carbonates, ethoxylated and propoxylated C1-C10 alcohols, lactones, pyrrolidones, and mixtures thereof. Non-limiting examples of lower alkyl alcohols are monohydric alcohols having 1-6 carbons, such as ethanol and isopropanol. Non-limiting examples of polyhydric alcohols useful herein include propylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, butylene glycol, hexylene glycol, glycerin, propanediol, and mixtures thereof.

[0164] In the present invention, the personal care composition may include a hydrotrope / viscosity modifier which is an alkali metal or ammonium salt of a lower alkylbenzene sulfonate, such as sodium xylene sulfonate, sodium cumene sulfonate, or sodium toluene sulfonate. The present invention may include from about 0.1% to about 6% sodium xylene sulfonate (SXS).

[0165] In the present invention, the personal care composition can include silicone / PEG-8 silicone, silicone / PEG-9 silicone, silicone / PEG-n silicone, silicone / silicone ether (n can be another integer), non-limiting examples include PEG8-Dimethicone A208) MW855, PEG8 Dimethicone D208 MW2706.

[0166] Scalp health supplement In the present invention, one or more scalp health agents can be added to provide scalp benefits such as anti-fungal / anti-dandruff effects or provide additional scalp health benefits. This group of materials is diverse and provides a wide range of effects including moisturizing, barrier improvement, anti-fungal, anti-bacterial, as well as antioxidant, anti-itch, and sensation elicitation, and non-limiting examples of additional anti-dandruff agents such as polyvalent metal salts of pyrithione include zinc pyrithione (ZPT) and copper pyrithione, sulfur, or selenium sulfide. Such scalp health agents include vitamins E and F, salicylic acid, niacinamide, caffeine, panthenol, zinc oxide, zinc carbonate, zinc carbonate basic, glycol, glycolic acid, PCA, PEG, erythritol, glycerin, triclosan, lactate, hyaluronate, allantoin and other ureas, betaine, sorbitol, glutamate, xylitol, menthol, menthyl lactate, isocyclomone, benzyl alcohol, compounds including the following structure:

[0167] [ka] R1 is selected from H, alkyl, aminoalkyl, and alkoxy; Q=H2, O, -OR1, -N(R1)2, -OPO(OR1) x , -PO(OR1) x , -P(OR1) x (In the formula, x=1~2), V = NR1, O, -OPO(OR1) x , -PO(OR1) x , -P(OR1) x (In the formula, x=1~2), W=H2, O, When n=0, X and Y are independently selected from H, aryl, and naphthyl; When n≧1, X, Y are aliphatic CH2 or aromatic CH, and Z is selected from aliphatic CH2, aromatic CH, or a heteroatom; A=lower alkoxy, lower alkylthio, aryl, substituted aryl or fused aryl; *At the position marked, the stereochemistry is variable. and natural extracts / oils including, but not limited to, peppermint, spearmint, argan, jojoba and aloe.

[0168] The composition includes the following scalp health agents, coal tar, charcoal, Whitfield's ointment, Castellani paint, aluminum chloride, gentian violet, octopirox (piroctone olamine), ciclopirox olamine, undecylenic acid and its metal salts, azoxystrobin and other strobulins, potassium permanganate, sodium thiosulfate, propylene glycol, bitter orange oil, urea preparations, griseofulvin, 8-hydroxyquinoline ciloquinol, thiobendazole, thiocarbamate, haloprogin, polyenes, hydroxypyridone, morpholine, benzylamine, allylamines (such as terbinafine), tea tree oil, clove leaf oil, coriander, palmarosa, berberine, thyme red, cinnamon oil, cinnamaldehyde, citronellic acid, hinokitol, ichthyol pale, Sensiva SC-50, and Elestab. It may further include one or more of HP-100, azelaic acid, lyticase, iodopropynyl butylcarbamate (IPBC), isothiazarinones such as octylisothiazarinone, and azoles, itraconazole, ketoconazole, benzimidazole, benzothiazole, bifonazole, butoconazole nitrate, climbazole, clotrimazole, cloconazole, eberconazole, econazole, elubiol, fenticonazole, fluconazole, flutimazole, isoconazole, ketoconazole, lanoconazole, metronidazole, miconazole, neticonazole, omoconazole, oxiconazole nitrate, sertaconazole, sulconazole nitrate, tioconazole, thiazole, terconazole, and mixtures thereof.

[0169] Optional ingredients In the present invention, the personal care composition may further comprise one or more optional ingredients, such as a benefit agent. Suitable benefit agents include, but are not limited to, conditioning agents, cationic polymers, silicone emulsions, antidandruff agents, gel networks, chelating agents, and natural oils such as sunflower oil or castor oil. Further suitable optional ingredients include, but are not limited to, perfumes, perfume microcapsules, colorants, particles, antimicrobial agents, foam busters, antistatic agents, rheology modifiers and thickeners, suspending materials and structurants, pH adjusters and buffers, preservatives, pearlescent agents, solvents, diluents, antioxidants, vitamins, and combinations thereof. In the present invention, the perfume may be present at about 0.5% to about 7%.

[0170] One or more stabilizers may be included, for example, one or more of ethylene glycol distearate, preservatives such as citric acid, citrate salts, catone, sodium chloride, sodium benzoate, and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid ("EDTA") to enhance the longevity of the personal care composition.

[0171] Such optional ingredients should be physically and chemically compatible with the components of the composition and should not otherwise unduly impair the stability, aesthetics, or performance of the product. The CTFA Cosmetic Ingredient Handbook, 10th Edition (published by the Cosmetic, Toiletry, and Fragrance Association, Inc. (Washington, DC)) (2004) (hereinafter "CTFA") describes a variety of non-limiting materials that may be added to the compositions herein.

[0172] Conditioning Agent The conditioning agent of the personal care composition may be a silicone conditioning agent. The silicone conditioning agent may include a volatile silicone, a non-volatile silicone, or a combination thereof. The concentration of the silicone conditioning agent is typically in the range of about 0.01% to about 10%, about 0.1% to about 8%, about 0.1% to about 5%, and / or about 0.2% to about 3% by weight of the composition. Non-limiting examples of suitable silicone conditioning agents and optional suspending agents for silicones are described in U.S. Reissue Patent No. 34,584, U.S. Patent No. 5,104,646, and U.S. Patent No. 5,106,609, which are incorporated herein by reference.

[0173] Silicone conditioning agents for use in the compositions of the present invention may have a viscosity of from about 20 to about 2,000,000 centistokes ("csk"), from about 1,000 to about 1,800,000 csk, from about 10,000 to about 1,500,000 csk, and / or from about 20,000 to about 1,500,000 csk, when measured at 25°C.

[0174] The dispersed silicone conditioning agent particles typically have a volume average particle size ranging from about 0.01 micrometers to about 60 micrometers. When small particles are applied to hair, the volume average particle size typically ranges from about 0.01 micrometers to about 4 micrometers, from about 0.01 micrometers to about 2 micrometers, from about 0.01 micrometers to about 0.5 micrometers.

[0175] Further information on silicones, including sections discussing silicone fluids, rubbers, and resins, and the manufacture of silicones, can be found in Encyclopedia of Polymer Science and Engineering, vol. 15, 2d ed., pp 204-308, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. (1989), which is incorporated herein by reference.

[0176] Suitable silicone emulsions for use in the present invention may include, but are not limited to, emulsions of insoluble polysiloxanes prepared according to the description in U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,316,541 or 4,476,282 or U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2007 / 0276087. Suitable insoluble polysiloxanes therefore include polysiloxanes such as α,ω hydroxy-terminated polysiloxanes or α,ω alkoxy-terminated polysiloxanes having an internal phase viscosity of about 5 csk to about 500,000 csk. For example, the insoluble polysiloxanes may have an internal phase viscosity of less than 400,000 csk, less than 200,000 csk, about 10,000 csk to about 180,000 csk. The insoluble polysiloxanes may have an average particle size in the range of about 10 nm to about 10 micrometers. The average particle size may be in the range of about 15 nm to about 5 micrometers, about 20 nm to about 1 micrometer, or about 25 nm to about 500 micrometers.

[0177] The average molecular weight of the insoluble polysiloxane, the internal phase viscosity of the insoluble polysiloxane, the viscosity of the silicone emulsion and the size of the particles containing the insoluble polysiloxane are measured by methods commonly used by those skilled in the art, such as the method disclosed in Smith, AL The Analytical Chemistry of Silicones, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.: New York, 1991. For example, the viscosity of the silicone emulsion can be measured at 30°C using a Brookfield viscometer equipped with spindle 6 at 2.5 rpm. The silicone emulsion may further include an additional emulsifier together with the anionic surfactant.

[0178] Other classes of silicones suitable for use in the compositions of the present invention include i) silicone fluids (including, but not limited to, silicone oils), which are flowable materials having a viscosity of less than about 1,000,000 csk when measured at 25° C.; ii) aminosilicones, which contain at least one primary, secondary, or tertiary amine; iii) cationic silicones, which contain at least one quaternary ammonium functional group; iv) silicone gums, including materials having a viscosity of 1,000,000 csk or more when measured at 25° C.; v) silicone resins, which include highly crosslinked polymeric siloxane systems; vi) high refractive index silicones, having a refractive index of at least 1.46; and vii) mixtures thereof.

[0179] The conditioning agent of the personal care composition of the present invention may further comprise at least one organic conditioning material such as an oil or wax, alone or in combination with other conditioning agents such as silicones as mentioned above. The organic material may be non-polymeric, oligomeric, or polymeric. It may be in the form of an oil or wax, and may be added to the formulation as is or in a pre-emulsified form. Some non-limiting examples of organic conditioning materials may include, but are not limited to, i) hydrocarbon oils, ii) polyolefins, iii) fatty esters, iv) fluorinated conditioning compounds, v) fatty alcohols, vi) alkyl glucosides and alkyl glucoside derivatives, vii) quaternary ammonium compounds, viii) polyethylene glycols and polypropylene glycols having molecular weights up to about 2,000,000, such as those with CTFA designations PEG-200, PEG-400, PEG-600, PEG-1000, PEG-2M, PEG-7M, PEG-14M, PEG-45M, and mixtures thereof.

[0180] Gel Network In the present invention, a gel network may be present. The gel network component of the present invention comprises at least one aliphatic amphiphile. As used herein, "aliphatic amphiphile" refers to an aliphatic amphiphile that is an alkyl, alkenyl (containing up to three double bonds), alkyl aromatic, or C 12 ~C 70 "Hydrolyzed" refers to a compound having a hydrophobic end group defined as a branched alkyl group of length 0.01 to 0.15 and a hydrophilic head group which does not render the compound water soluble, and the compound also has a net neutral charge at the pH of the shampoo composition.

[0181] The shampoo compositions of the present invention may contain fatty amphiphiles as part of the pre-formed dispersed gel network phase in an amount of from about 0.05% to about 14%, from about 0.5% to about 10%, from about 1% to about 8%, by weight of the shampoo composition.

[0182] According to the present invention, a suitable fatty amphiphile, or a suitable mixture of two or more fatty amphiphiles, has a melting point of at least about 27° C. As used herein, melting point is defined as the melting point of the fatty amphiphile as defined in the US Pharmacopeia, USP-NF General Chapter <741> The melting point of a mixture of two or more materials can be measured by the standard melting point method described in "Melting range or temperature". The melting point of a mixture of two or more materials is measured by mixing the two or more materials at a temperature higher than their individual melting points and then cooling the mixture. If the resulting composite is a homogeneous solid below about 27°C, the mixture has a suitable melting point for use in the present invention. A mixture of two or more fatty amphiphiles, including at least one fatty amphiphile with an individual melting point below about 27°C, is also suitable for use in the present invention, so long as the composite melting point of the mixture is at least about 27°C.

[0183] Suitable fatty amphiphiles of the present invention include fatty alcohols, alkoxylated fatty alcohols, fatty phenols, alkoxylated fatty phenols, fatty amides, alkyoxylated fatty amides, fatty amines, fatty alkylamide alkylamines, fatty alkyoxyalted amines, fatty carbamates, fatty amine oxides, fatty acids, alkoxylated fatty acids, fatty diesters, fatty sorbitan esters, fatty sugar esters, methyl glucoside esters, fatty glycol esters, mono-, di-, and tri-glycerides, polyglycerol fatty esters, alkyl glyceryl ethers, propylene glycol fatty acid esters, cholesterol, ceramides, fatty silicone waxes, fatty glucose amides, and phospholipids, and mixtures thereof.

[0184] In the present invention, the shampoo composition may include fatty alcohol gel networks. These gel networks are formed by combining fatty alcohols with surfactants in ratios of about 1:1 to about 40:1, about 2:1 to about 20:1, and / or about 3:1 to about 10:1. The formation of the gel network involves heating an aqueous dispersion of fatty alcohol with surfactant to a temperature above the melting point of the fatty alcohol. During this mixing process, the fatty alcohol melts and partitions the surfactant into fatty alcohol droplets. The surfactant carries water with the surfactant into the fatty alcohol. This transforms the isotropic fatty alcohol droplets into liquid crystal phase droplets. When the mixture is cooled below the chain melting temperature, the liquid crystal phase is transformed into a solid crystalline gel network. The gel networks contribute a stabilizing effect to cosmetic creams and hair conditioners. In addition, they provide tailored feel benefits to hair conditioners.

[0185] The fatty alcohol may be included in the fatty alcohol gel network at a concentration of about 0.05% to about 14% by weight. For example, the fatty alcohol may be present in an amount ranging from about 1% to about 10% by weight, and / or from about 6% to about 8% by weight.

[0186] Fatty alcohols useful herein include those having from about 10 to about 40 carbon atoms, from about 12 to about 22 carbon atoms, from about 16 to about 22 carbon atoms, and / or from about 16 to about 18 carbon atoms. These fatty alcohols may be linear or branched alcohols and may be saturated or unsaturated. Non-limiting examples of fatty alcohols include cetyl alcohol, stearyl alcohol, behenyl alcohol, and mixtures thereof. A mixture of cetyl alcohol and stearyl alcohol in a ratio of about 20:80 to about 80:20 is preferred.

[0187] Preparation of gel network: Fill a container with water and heat the water to about 74°C. Add cetyl alcohol, stearyl alcohol, and sodium laureth sulfate surfactant to the heated water. After incorporation, pass the resulting mixture through a heat exchanger where the mixture is cooled to about 35°C. Upon cooling, the fatty alcohol and surfactant crystallize to form a crystalline gel network. Table 1 shows the components and respective amounts of an exemplary gel network composition.

[0188] [Table 1]

[0189] emulsifier Various anionic and nonionic emulsifiers can be used in the personal care compositions of the present invention. Anionic and nonionic emulsifiers can be either monomeric or polymeric in nature. Examples of monomers include, but are not limited to, alkyl ethoxylates, alkyl sulfates, soaps, and fatty acid esters, and their derivatives. Examples of polymers include, but are not limited to, polyacrylates, polyethylene glycols, and block copolymers, and their derivatives. Naturally occurring emulsifiers such as lanolin, lecithin, and lignin, and their derivatives, are also non-limiting examples of useful emulsifiers.

[0190] Chelating Agents The personal care composition may further comprise a chelating agent. Suitable chelating agents include those described in AE Martell & RM Smith, Critical Stability Constants, Vol. 1, Plenum Press, New York & London (1974) and AE Martell & RD Hancock, Metal Complexes in Aqueous Solution, Plenum Press, New York & London (1996), both of which are incorporated herein by reference. With respect to chelating agents, the term "salts and derivatives thereof" refers to salts and derivatives that contain the same functional structure (e.g., the same chemical backbone) as the chelating agent being referenced and have similar or better chelating properties. This term includes alkali metal, alkaline earth, ammonium, substituted ammonium salts (i.e., monoethanolammonium, diethanolammonium, triethanolammonium) salts, esters of chelating agents with acidic moieties, and mixtures thereof, particularly all sodium, potassium or ammonium salts. The term "derivative" also includes "chelating surfactant" compounds such as those exemplified in U.S. Pat. No. 5,284,972, and larger molecules containing one or more chelating groups with the same functional structure as the parent chelator, such as the polymer EDDS (ethylenediaminedisuccinic acid) disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,747,440.

[0191] Chelating agents may be incorporated into the compositions described herein in amounts ranging from 0.001% to 10.0% by weight of the total composition, and from 0.01% to 2.0% by weight of the total composition.

[0192] Non-limiting classes of chelating agents include carboxylic acids, aminocarboxylic acids, such as aminocids, phosphoric acids, phosphonic acids, polyphosphonic acids, polyethyleneimines, polyfunctionally substituted aromatics, derivatives and salts thereof.

[0193] Non-limiting chelating agents include the following materials and their salts: ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), ethylenediaminetriacetic acid, ethylenediamine-N,N'-disuccinic acid (EDDS), ethylenediamine-N,N'-diglutaric acid (EDDG), salicylic acid, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, glycine, malonic acid, histidine, diethylenetriaminepentaacetate (DTPA), N-hydroxyethylethylenediaminetriacetate, nitrilotriacetate, ethylenediaminetetrapropionate, trisodium EDTA, tetrahydrofuran ... Ethylenetetraaminehexaacetate, ethanol diglycine, propylenediaminetetraacetic acid (PDTA), methylglycine diacetate (MODA), diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid, methylglycine diacetate (MGDA), N-acyl-N,N',N'-ethylenediaminetriacetic acid, nitrilotriacetic acid, ethylenediaminediglutaric acid (EDGA), 2-hydroxypropylenediaminedisuccinic acid (HPDS), glycinamide-N,N'-disuccinic acid (GADS), 2-Hydroxypropylenediamine-N,N'-disuccinic acid (HPDDS), N-2-hydroxyethyl-N,N-diacetic acid, glyceryl iminodiacetic acid, iminodiacetic acid-N-2-hydroxypropyl sulfonic acid, aspartic acid N-carboxymethyl-N-2-hydroxypropyl-3-sulfonic acid, alanine-N,N'-diacetic acid, aspartic acid-N,N'-diacetic acid, aspartic acid N-monoacetic acid, iminodisuccinic acid, diamine-N,N'-dipolyacid, monoa diaminoalkyldi(sulfosuccinate) (DDS), ethylenediamine-N,N'-bis(ortho-hydroxyphenylacetic acid), N,N'-bis(2-hydroxybenzyl)ethylenediamine-N,N'-diacetic acid, ethylenediaminetetraproprionate, triethylenetetraaminehexaacetate, diethylenetriaminepentaacetate, dipicolinic acid, ethylenediaminedicysteic acid (EDC), ethylenediamine-N,N'-bis(2-hydroxyphenylacetic acid) (EDDHA), glutamic acid diacetate (GLDA), hexadentate aminocarboxylate (HBED), polyethyleneimine, 1-hydroxydiphosphonate, aminotri(methylenephosphonic acid) (ATMP), nitrilotrimethylenephosphonate (NTP), ethylenediaminetetramethylenephosphonate, diethylenetriaminepentamethylenephosphonate (DTPMP), ethane-1-hydroxydiphosphonate (HEDP), 2-phosphonobutane-1,2,4-tricarboxylic acid, polyphosphoric acid (polvphosphoric acid), sodium tripolyphosphate, tetrasodium diphosphate, hexametaphosphate, sodium metaphosphate, phosphonic acids and derivatives, aminoalkylene-poly(alkylenephosphonic acid), aminotri(1-ethylphosphonic acid), ethylenediaminetetra(1-ethylphosphonic acid), aminotri(1-propylphosphonic acid), aminotri(isopropylphosphonic acid), ethylenediaminetetra(methylenephosphonic acid) (EDTMP), 1,2-dihydroxy-3,5-disulfobenzene.

[0194] Water-Based Carrier The personal care composition may be in the form of a pourable liquid (under ambient conditions). Thus, such compositions typically include a carrier, which is present at a concentration of about 40% to about 85%, alternatively about 45% to about 80%, alternatively about 50% to about 75% by weight of the personal care composition. The carrier may include water or a miscible mixture of water and an organic solvent, and in one embodiment, may include water with minimal or no significant concentrations of organic solvent, except when incidentally incorporated into the composition as a minor component of other essential or optional ingredients.

[0195] Carriers useful in the personal care compositions of the present invention can include water and aqueous solutions of lower alkyl alcohols and polyhydric alcohols.Lower alkyl alcohols useful herein are monohydric alcohols having 1 to 6 carbons, in one embodiment, ethanol and isopropanol.Exemplary polyhydric alcohols useful herein include propylene glycol, hexylene glycol, glycerin, and propanediol.

[0196] Product form The personal care composition of the present invention may be present in a typical hair care formulation. The composition may be in the form of a solution, dispersion, emulsion, powder, talc, capsule, sphere, sponge, solid dosage form, foam, and other delivery mechanisms. The composition of the present invention may be in the form of leave-on hair products, such as hair tonics, treatment and styling products, rinse-off hair products, such as shampoos and personal cleansing products, and treatment products, and any other form that can be applied to hair.

[0197] Applicator In the present invention, the personal care composition may be dispensed from an applicator for dispensing directly onto the scalp area. By dispensing directly onto the scalp via a targeted delivery applicator, it is possible to deposit undiluted cleansing agent directly where cleaning is particularly needed. This also minimizes the risk of getting cleansing solution into the eyes.

[0198] The applicator is attached or can be attached to a bottle containing the cleansing personal care composition. The applicator can consist of a base that holds or extends to one or more tines. The tines have openings that can be at the tip, the base, or any point between the tip and the base. These openings allow the product to be dispensed directly from the bottle onto the hair and / or scalp.

[0199] Alternatively, the applicator may consist of brush-like bristles attached to or extending from a base, in which case the product is dispensed from the base and the bristles allow distribution of the product by a combing or brushing motion.

[0200] The design and material of the applicator and tines can also be optimized to allow scalp massage. In this case, it is beneficial for the shape of the tines or bristles at the tip to be more rounded, similar to the rollerball applicators used for eye creams. The material can also be beneficially smoother and softer, for example a metal or metal-like finish, a "rubber-like material".

[0201] method Viscosity measurement The viscosity of the shampoo was measured using a cone and plate Brookfield RS rheometer equipped with cone C75-1 at 2s -1 The measurements can be performed on a 2.5 mL sample at a constant shear rate of 100 s, 27° C. for 3 minutes.

[0202] The personal care compositions of the present invention may have a viscosity of about 3000 cps to about 20,000 cps, may have a viscosity of about 5000 cps to about 15,000 cps, or may have a viscosity of about 8000 cps to about 12,000 cps.

[0203] Measurement of zinc pyrithione (ZPT) adhesion The deposition of zinc pyrithione (ZPT) on scalp in vivo can be measured by treating the scalp with a ZPT-containing cleansing composition, rinsing, and then extracting the drug with ethanol. The drug concentration in the ethanol extraction solvent is measured by HPLC. Quantification is performed based on a standard curve. The concentration detected by HPLC is converted to the amount collected in grams by using the concentration multiplied by volume.

[0204] The mass per volume concentration of drug measured by HPLC is then converted to mass deposition per area by multiplying the measured HPLC concentration by the volume of extraction solvent and dividing by the area of ​​scalp extracted.

[0205] Results and Non-Limiting Examples

[0206] [Table 2]

[0207] [Table 3] Total surfactant concentrations below 10% typically do not have desirable viscosities above 3000 cps. This can be seen both with and without co-surfactants.

[0208] [Table 4-1]

[0209] [Table 4-2]

[0210] [Table 5] At total surfactant concentrations of 10% or greater, the desired range of viscosities can usually be achieved, and this is observed over a wide range of total surfactant concentrations and anionic surfactant / co-surfactant ratios.

[0211] [Table 6]

[0212] [Table 7] Anionic surfactant / co-surfactant ratios can produce desirable viscosities of from about 0.63 to about 14. Formulations having surfactant / co-surfactant ratios greater than about 15, including formulations without co-surfactants, typically fail to achieve the desirable viscosity profile.

[0213] Preparation of Shampoo Composition The personal care composition is prepared by adding the surfactant, antidandruff agent, fragrance, viscosity modifier, cationic polymer, and the remaining water with sufficient agitation to ensure a homogenous mixture. The mixture can be heated to 50-75°C to accelerate the solubilization of the soluble agents, and then cooled. The product pH can be adjusted as needed to provide a shampoo composition of the present invention suitable for application to human hair and scalp, and can range from about pH 4-9, or about pH 6.5-8, or about pH 5.5-6.5, based on the selection of the particular cleansing surfactant, and / or other ingredients.

[0214] Adhesion

[0215] [Table 8]

[0216] [Table 9] In the anionic surfactant / co-surfactant formula space, at high ratios of anionic surfactant to co-surfactant (sodium lauryl sulfate:cocamidopropyl betaine=13:1), the low molecular weight polymer provides deposition comparable to the control formula, as described in Example 19. Example 18 is provided as a benchmark example that exceeds the percentage of ethoxylated surfactant that may be of interest and is a benchmark or standard that the present invention may achieve.

[0217] [Table 10]

[0218] [Table 11]

[0219] [Table 12] In the anionic surfactant / co-surfactant formula space, high molecular weight or high charge density polymers provide greater or equivalent deposition than control formulas at low ratios of anionic surfactant to co-surfactant (e.g., sodium lauryl sulfate:CAPB+CMEA=10:4, 9:4, 8:5, etc.) as illustrated in Examples 26-36. Example 18 is provided as a benchmark example that exceeds the percentage of ethoxylated surfactant that may be of interest and is a benchmark or standard that the present invention may achieve.

[0220] The personal care compositions illustrated in the following examples are prepared by conventional formulation and mixing methods. All exemplified amounts are listed as weight percent on an active basis and exclude minor materials such as diluents, preservatives, color solutions, imaging ingredients, botanicals, etc. unless otherwise specified. All percentages are by weight unless otherwise specified.

[0221] The dimensions and values ​​disclosed herein should not be understood as being strictly limited to the exact numerical values ​​recited. Instead, unless otherwise indicated, each such dimension is intended to mean both the recited value and a functionally equivalent range surrounding that value. For example, a dimension disclosed as "40 mm" is intended to mean "about 40 mm."

[0222] All documents cited herein, including any cross-referenced or related patents or patent applications, and any patent applications or patents to which this application claims priority or benefit, are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety, unless expressly stated to the contrary. The citation of any document shall not be deemed to be prior art to any invention disclosed or claimed herein, or to teach, suggest or disclose such invention, either alone or in combination with any other reference(s). Furthermore, to the extent that any meaning or definition of a term in this document conflicts with any meaning or definition of the same term in a document incorporated by reference, the meaning or definition assigned to that term in this document shall govern.

[0223] While particular embodiments of the present invention have been illustrated and described, it would be obvious to those skilled in the art that various other changes and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. It is therefore intended to cover in the appended claims all such changes and modifications that are within the scope of this invention.

Claims

1. a) 6% to 15% sodium lauryl sulfate; b) a ratio of sodium lauryl sulfate to co-surfactant of 0.63:1 to 15:1; c) 10% to 20% total surfactant; 1. A personal care composition comprising:

1. A personal care composition having a viscosity of 3000 cps to 20,000 cps, said personal care composition comprising less than 2% sodium laureth sulfate.

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