Culture soil for banana

Abstract

To provide a culture soil for banana which uses an inexpensive material and is preferable for banana cultivation.SOLUTION: Dredged soil having good water holding ability and vegetable compost having good drainage are present with a good balance in the culture soil for banana, and organic component or the like included in dredged soil functions as nutrient for banana to exert an excellent effect in banana cultivation. Further, because Bacillus bacteria are prioritized in the culture soil for banana, generation of pests on banana can be controlled to a certain degree. Then, because the culture soil for banana basically uses dredged soil or a waste matter such as waste bark and sludge as a raw material, a material cost is low, and the culture soil for banana can be provided inexpensively.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a culture soil for bananas that is particularly suitable for banana cultivation. [Background technology]

[0002] Bananas are tropical fruits, and most of the bananas consumed in Japan used to be imported from abroad. However, in recent years, advances in agricultural technology, research into cultivation methods, and producers' trial and error have made it possible to cultivate bananas in greenhouses all over Japan. Here, the following [Patent Document 1] discloses an invention relating to a control agent and a control method for the pathogen of Panama disease, a banana disease. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0003] [Patent Document 1] Patent No. 7274792 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0004] Thus, banana cultivation has begun in various parts of Japan, and there is a need for a culture soil that is inexpensive and suitable for banana cultivation. The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and aims to provide a culture soil for bananas that uses inexpensive materials and is suitable for banana cultivation. [Means for solving the problem]

[0005] The present invention relates to (1) To solve the above problems by providing a culture soil for bananas, which contains vegetable compost, dredged soil containing clay silt, and seed soil for Bacillus bacteria, and in which Bacillus bacteria are prioritized. (2) The above problems are solved by providing a culture soil for bananas as described in (1) above, characterized in that the vegetable compost is bark compost made from the bark of coniferous trees. (3) The above problem is solved by providing the banana culture soil according to (1) above, which is characterized in that the vegetable compost content is 20 wt% to 60 wt% on a dry weight basis. (4) The number of Bacillus bacteria is 5.0 × 10 8 pieces / g~20.0×10 8 The above problem is solved by providing the culture soil for bananas according to (1) above, which is characterized by having a density of 100 pieces / g. Effect of the Invention

[0006] The banana culture soil of the present invention contains a good balance of dredged soil with good water retention and vegetable compost with good drainage, and the organic matter contained in the dredged soil functions as nutrients for bananas, providing excellent effects on banana cultivation. The banana culture soil of the present invention also uses waste materials as raw materials. Therefore, the material cost is low, and the banana culture soil can be provided at low cost. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0007] [Figure 1] 1 is a flowchart of a method for producing banana culture soil according to the present invention. [Diagram 2] 1 is an image showing the effect of the banana culture soil according to the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0008] An embodiment of the culture soil for bananas according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. Here, FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the method for producing the culture soil for bananas according to the present invention. First, the culture soil for bananas according to the present invention is mainly composed of vegetable compost made mainly of plants, dredged soil containing clay silt, and seed soil for Bacillus bacteria, and Bacillus bacteria are prioritized in the culture soil. The method for producing the culture soil for bananas according to the present invention includes a mixing step S202 in which a plant material that is the base of the vegetable compost, dredged soil, and seed soil in which Bacillus bacteria live are mixed, and a fermentation step S204 in which the mixed soil obtained in the mixing step S202 is fermented at 20°C to 45°C. In addition, in the mixing step S202, it is preferable to also mix seed nematode soil in which self-active nematodes live.

[0009] Next, the dredged soil in the present invention will be described. The dredged soil in the present invention is obtained by dredging up soil, sand, silt, fallen leaves, garbage, slime, etc. that has accumulated at the bottom of reservoirs such as lakes and marshes, moats, artificial ponds, and agricultural reservoirs, and then removing large impurities such as garbage and fallen leaves and dehydrating the soil, and contains a large amount of clay silt.

[0010] Here, a method for obtaining dredged soil suitable for the present invention will be described. First, a suction device such as a pump is lowered to the bottom of the reservoir where dredging is to be performed, and the bottom soil is sucked up together with the water. The suction device moves around the bottom of the water as appropriate, and dredging is performed throughout the reservoir while changing the dredging location. In this way, dredging is performed using a suction device, which eliminates the need for water-blocking and drainage work for the reservoir, and allows dredging work to be performed while maintaining the reservoir's functions. In addition, dredging work can be performed while maintaining the ecosystem of the plants and animals living in the reservoir.

[0011] Next, the sucked bottom soil water is passed through a separator, such as a cyclone type separator, which separates and removes relatively heavy materials such as sand and pebbles. Next, the bottom soil water is discharged into a sieve or belt screen with a certain gap, where relatively light impurities such as fallen leaves, garbage, and aquatic plants are separated and removed. Next, a flocculant is added to the bottom soil water from which these impurities have been removed, and the water is stirred. It is particularly preferable to use an inorganic neutral flocculant whose main component is calcium as the flocculant used in this process. The bottom soil in the water is flocculated by adding this inorganic neutral flocculant. The supernatant liquid after the bottom soil flocculation is appropriately discharged into the reservoir being dredged. By using an inorganic neutral flocculant whose main component is calcium as the flocculant, the pH of the reservoir side is not changed even when the supernatant liquid is discharged into the reservoir, and the flocculant components do not have a negative effect on the ecosystem. Furthermore, the inorganic neutral flocculant whose main component is calcium fixes the phosphorus components in the water and discharges them together with the bottom soil. This allows phosphorus components, which cause eutrophication of the reservoir, to be removed at the same time as dredging.

[0012] Next, the flocculated bottom soil is left to stand in a settling tank. This causes the flocculated bottom soil to settle and thicken. The settled and thickened bottom soil is then appropriately extracted and dehydrated to become dredged soil with a moisture content of about 50% to 55%, which is suitable for the present invention. As a dehydration method at this time, it is preferable to use a belt press that continuously dehydrates the settled and thickened bottom soil.

[0013] Here, the bottom soil of a general reservoir is rich in silt and clay containing silica, mineral components such as magnesium, and organic components, and has excellent water retention. Silica is a nutrient necessary for Bacillus bacteria to form spores, and various mineral components and organic components are excellent sources of nutrients for Bacillus bacteria and spontaneously active nematodes. For this reason, by using dredged soil as a culture soil for bananas, it is possible to promote the growth of Bacillus bacteria and spontaneously active nematodes in the fermentation process. Furthermore, when dredged soil using an inorganic neutral flocculant mainly composed of calcium is used as a culture soil for bananas, the calcium component as a flocculant and the phosphorus component fixed by this calcium component function as fertilizer for bananas. This makes it possible to reduce or eliminate the need for fertilizer application of calcium and phosphorus components to farmland, etc.

[0014] Next, the vegetable compost of the present invention will be described. As the raw material for the vegetable compost of the present invention, pruned branches, bark, crushed trunks and stumps of trees, grass generated by weeding work, charcoal, bamboo charcoal, etc. can be used, and it is particularly preferable to use bark of coniferous trees such as cedar and cypress, which have good drainage when composted. In addition, it is preferable to reuse the raw materials for these vegetable composts that are basically waste materials, and therefore, when using bark as the raw material for the vegetable compost, it is particularly preferable to use bark removed before lumbering. In addition, these raw materials for the vegetable compost may be used alone or in a mixture of multiple types. In addition, it is preferable to crush the raw materials for the vegetable compost to a size of 3 mm to 1 cm, especially about 5 mm.

[0015] Next, the spontaneously active nematodes will be described. The spontaneously active nematodes can be obtained, for example, by mixing seed nematode soil inhabited by spontaneously active nematodes (predatory nematodes and saprophytic nematodes) with other materials in the mixing step S202, and then multiplying and prioritizing them in the fermentation step S204. The seed nematode soil may be compost or leaf mold, but it is preferable to collect or leave an appropriate amount of previously produced banana culture soil as the seed nematode soil. In addition, when spontaneously active nematodes inhabit the raw material of the above-mentioned vegetable compost, the raw material of the vegetable compost may also serve as the seed nematode soil.

[0016] Next, the Bacillus bacteria of the present invention will be described. The Bacillus bacteria of the present invention can be obtained by mixing the seed soil in which the Bacillus bacteria live with other materials in the mixing step S202, and then multiplying and prioritizing the Bacillus bacteria in the fermentation step S204, as in the case of the self-activating nematodes. The seed soil is soil or sludge in which the Bacillus bacteria live, and it is preferable to use dried sewage treatment cake, agricultural village wastewater surplus sludge, dehydrated sewage treatment sludge, dehydrated water treatment sludge, other sewage treatment sludge, etc. In this case, it is preferable to dry the sludge or sterilize it with sodium hypochlorite or the like. Although the miscellaneous bacteria are killed or reduced by this sterilization treatment, the Bacillus bacteria survive in a spore state, so that the Bacillus bacteria can be made dominant in the fermentation step. The seed soil may be a commercially available liquid Bacillus (Bacillus bacteria cultured in a liquid). An appropriate amount of the previously produced banana culture soil may be collected or left to serve as the seed nematode soil and seed soil.

[0017] Here, the bacillus bacteria refers to Bacillus subtilis, which is a bacterium that adheres to rice straw and the like. It is also known that the bacillus bacteria has the ability to kill 28 kinds of pathogenic bacteria, such as mold and bacteria, that cause plant diseases. This bacillus bacteria also has the effect of suppressing the growth of Fusarium oxysporum, which is the pathogenic bacteria of Panama disease, a banana disease. Furthermore, for example, Bacillus Thuringiensis is said to have an insecticidal effect on moth and butterfly larvae, and is also known as a microbial pesticide. It is also considered to be effective against armyworms (larvae of the armyworm moth), which are pests of bananas. Therefore, the banana culture soil according to the present invention, in which the bacillus bacteria are dominant, has the effect of suppressing the growth of pests and pathogenic bacteria that are harmful to bananas.

[0018] Next, the method for producing the culture soil for bananas according to the present invention will be described. First, the bottom soil is sucked together with the water using, for example, the above-mentioned suction device, and the bottom soil is coagulated and precipitated using an inorganic neutral coagulant mainly composed of calcium, and then dehydrated dredged soil is obtained (step S102). Also, plant materials are obtained as raw materials for the plant compost (step S104). Also, if necessary, dried sludge is obtained from a water treatment facility or the like as seed soil (step S106). Also, if necessary, compost or the like in which the inhabitation of spontaneously active nematodes has been confirmed is obtained as seed nematode soil (step S108).

[0019] Next, the dredged soil, plant-based material, seed fungus soil, and seed nematode soil are mixed to prepare a mixed soil (mixing step S202). Any mixing method may be used at this time. As described above, the seed fungus soil and seed nematode soil are obtained from elsewhere only the first time, and from the next time onwards, an appropriate amount of the previously prepared banana culture soil may be collected or left to serve as the seed nematode soil and seed fungus soil. In this case, the mixed amount of the seed nematode soil and seed fungus soil is preferably about 10 wt%. The mixed soil is preferably 40 wt% to 80 wt% dredged soil, 20 wt% to 60 wt% plant-based material, and about 5 wt% to 10 wt% seed fungus soil and seed nematode soil, and it is most preferable that the ratio of the dredged soil to the plant-based material is 1:1. In this configuration, particularly when coniferous tree bark is used as the plant-based material, there is an appropriate balance of dredged soil with water retention properties and plant-based compost (bark compost) with good drainage, making it particularly suitable for growing bananas.

[0020] Next, the mixed soil is fermented (fermentation step S204). The fermentation temperature is maintained at 20°C to 45°C, more preferably 20°C to 40°C. If the fermentation temperature exceeds 45°C, it is not suitable for the survival of the self-active nematodes, and if it is less than 20°C, the proliferation of the self-active nematodes slows down. Furthermore, by fermenting at such a low to medium temperature of 20°C to 45°C, multiple species of Bacillus bacteria are generated, the soil ecosystem is restored, and this has a favorable effect on banana cultivation. When the fermentation temperature is high, it is preferable to adjust the fermentation temperature by adding plant materials or dissipating heat by stirring, etc. When the fermentation temperature is low, it is preferable to add a cellulose source that promotes fermentation, such as waste mushroom beds from mushroom log cultivation and mushroom bed cultivation, leaf mold, sawdust, bean sprout residue, bran, rice bran, corn bran, soybean meal, soybean lees, beer lees, whiskey lees, shochu lees, cotton meal, etc. The duration of the fermentation process (fermentation period) varies depending on the outside temperature and the raw materials used, but is generally about several weeks to one month. The plant material is fermented by this fermentation process to become plant compost, and the Bacillus bacteria in the seed soil grow and become dominant by using the plant material as nutrients. Next, bacterivorous nematodes that feed on the Bacillus bacteria grow. Furthermore, predatory nematodes that prey on the bacterivorous nematodes grow. This completes the banana culture soil in which the Bacillus bacteria and self-active nematodes (predatory nematodes and saprophytic nematodes) are dominant. The moisture content of this banana culture soil is generally about 20% to 60%. EXAMPLES

[0021] Here, the dredged soil obtained by the above-mentioned method was mixed at 45 wt% by dry weight, cedar bark as a plant material at 45 wt% by dry weight, and dried cake from a sewage treatment plant as a seed soil at 10 wt% by dry weight, and fermented to produce the banana culture soil according to the present invention. The number of Bacillus bacteria in this banana culture soil was about 10 x 10 8 pcs / Dryg.

[0022] [Comparative Example 1] In addition, as Comparative Example 1, a commercially available vegetable compost containing only bark as a raw material was prepared. [Comparative Example 2] In addition, as Comparative Example 2, a commercially available vegetable compost was prepared using cedar, miscellaneous tree bark, and chicken droppings as raw materials.

[0023] Next, these culture soils were placed in four pots, and one Gros Michelle banana seedling was planted in each pot. Then, the plants were cultivated indoors for five weeks under a 12-hour light-dark lighting condition. The results are shown in Figure 2 and Table 1. [Table 1]

[0024] As shown in Figure 2 and Table 1, the banana seedlings of Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 2 were smaller in both seedling height and leaf width than those of Example 1, and the leaves of Comparative Example 1 began to wither overall, while one plant died in Comparative Example 2. In contrast, in Example 1, which used the banana culture soil of the present invention, the plants grew better than in the comparative examples, and no withering or withering of the leaves was observed.

[0025] In addition, when the banana culture soil according to the present invention was mixed into the soil and bananas were experimentally cultivated in a greenhouse, the results showed that the period from transplanting the plants to fruiting was shorter than when the banana culture soil according to the present invention was not mixed in. From these results, it can be seen that the banana seedlings cultivated using the banana culture soil according to the present invention grew better than others, and that the banana culture soil according to the present invention has an excellent effect on banana cultivation.

[0026] From the above, the banana culture soil of the present invention contains a good balance of dredged soil with good water retention and vegetable compost with good drainage, and the organic matter, calcium, and phosphorus components contained in the dredged soil function as nutrients for bananas, providing excellent effects on banana cultivation. Also, as described above, the banana culture soil of the present invention contains fertilizer components, so the amount of fertilizer required for banana cultivation can be reduced accordingly.

[0027] Furthermore, since the culture soil for bananas according to the present invention prioritizes self-active nematodes and Bacillus bacteria, by mixing this with soil for growing bananas, the soil ecosystem can be maintained and improved by increasing the Bacillus bacteria. The Bacillus bacteria contained in the culture soil for bananas secrete antibiotics to suppress the growth of molds (including Fusarium, the pathogen of Panama disease) and bacteria that are harmful to agricultural crops, including bananas. Furthermore, when the self-active nematodes are prioritized, the predatory nematodes among these self-active nematodes prey on parasitic nematodes that are harmful to agricultural crops, including bananas, and eliminate or reduce them. Therefore, the culture soil for bananas according to the present invention can prevent the occurrence of pests on bananas to a certain extent.

[0028] The culture soil for bananas according to the present invention basically uses waste materials such as dredged soil, waste bark, sludge, etc. as raw materials, so the material cost is low and the culture soil for bananas can be provided at low cost.

[0029] Incidentally, the banana culture soil shown in this example is merely an example, and the methods of each process, the dredged soil, nematode seed soil, fungus seed soil, and vegetable compost used are not limited to the above examples, and the present invention can be modified and carried out within the scope that does not deviate from the gist of the present invention. [Explanation of symbols]

[0030] S202 Mixing process S204 Fermentation process

Claims

1. The banana culture soil is composed of vegetable compost, dredged soil containing clay silt, and seed culture soil for Bacillus bacteria, and has Bacillus bacteria prioritized therein.

2. 2. The culture soil for bananas according to claim 1, characterized in that the vegetable compost is bark compost made from the bark of coniferous trees.

3. The culture soil for bananas according to claim 1, characterized in that the vegetable compost is 20 wt % to 60 wt % by dry weight.

4. The number of Bacillus bacteria was 5.0 x 10 ８ pieces / g~20.0×10 ８ The culture soil for bananas according to claim 1, characterized in that the number of bananas per gram.

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