Light-emitting element, light-emitting device, electronic device, and lighting device

Abstract

To provide a light-emitting element with high luminous efficiency and high reliability.SOLUTION: The light-emitting element includes a light-emitting layer having a first organic compound and a guest material. The first organic compound has a substituted or unsubstituted carbazole skeleton. The light-emitting layer includes a substituted hydrocarbon group substitution product in which at least one hydrogen atom in the first organic compound is substituted with a hydrocarbon group having a carbon number from 1 to 6. The same content is greater than 0 and less than or equal to 0.1 in a weight ratio to the first organic compound.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 3

Description

Technical Field

[0001] One aspect of the present invention relates to a novel light-emitting element. Or, it relates to a light-emitting element with reduced specific impurities. Or, it relates to a light-emitting device, an electronic device, and a lighting device having the light-emitting element. Note that one aspect of the present invention is not limited to the above technical field. One aspect of the present invention relates to an article, a method

[0002] , or a manufacturing method. Or, the present invention relates to a process, a machine, a manufacture , or a composition (composition of matter). In particular, one aspect of the present invention , relates to semiconductor devices, light-emitting devices, display devices, lighting devices, light-emitting elements, and manufacturing methods thereof.

Background Art

[0003] The practical application of light-emitting elements (organic EL elements) that utilize electroluminescence (EL) using organic compounds has been progressing. The basic configuration of these light-emitting elements is such that an organic compound layer (EL layer) containing a light-emitting material is sandwiched between a pair of electrodes. By applying a voltage to this element to inject carriers and utilizing the recombination energy of the carriers, light emission from the light-emitting material can be obtained.

[0004] Since the above-described light-emitting element is self-luminous, a display device using this has advantages such as excellent visibility, no need for a backlight, and low power consumption. Furthermore, it also has advantages such as being able to be manufactured in a thin and lightweight form and having a high response speed.

[0005] In the case of an organic EL element (OLED), light-emitting elements are manufactured using various organic compounds. Therefore, the quality of each organic compound is important, and impurities in the organic compound affect the characteristics of the light-emitting element. ​ It may have an impact. In particular, the reliability of the device is susceptible to the influence of impurities.

[0006] Therefore, in order to obtain a light-emitting device with good characteristics, especially a light-emitting device with high reliability, it is important to reduce impurities. In Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 2, attention is paid to halogen compounds in the EL layer having an organic compound, and by setting the concentration thereof below a certain level, a light-emitting device with high reliability is disclosed.

Prior Art Documents

Patent Documents

[0007]

Patent Document 1

Patent Document 2

Summary of the Invention

Problems to be Solved by the Invention

[0008] While there are impurities that cause deterioration of the characteristics of the light-emitting device, it is also known that there are impurities that do not affect the characteristics of the light-emitting device. Therefore, it is important to identify the types of impurities that deteriorate the characteristics of the light-emitting device. Also, it is important to identify the impurity concentration that affects the light-emitting device. In addition, the mechanism by which the characteristics of the light-emitting device deteriorate is almost unclear. unknown.

[0009] Therefore, in one aspect of the present invention, it is an object to provide a novel light-emitting device. In particular, it is an object to provide a light-emitting device with high reliability. Or, in one aspect of the present invention, it is an object to provide a light-emitting device with high luminous efficiency.

[0010] ​​​​​Alternatively, in one aspect of the present invention, an object is to provide a light-emitting element with reduced power consumption. Alternatively, in one aspect of the present invention, one of the objects is to provide a novel light-emitting device. Alternatively, in another aspect of the present invention, an object is to provide a highly reliable light-emitting element, light-emitting device, and electronic device, respectively. Alternatively, in another aspect of the present invention, an object is to provide a light-emitting element, light-emitting device, and electronic device, each having low power consumption. It should be noted that the description of the above problems does not prevent the existence of other problems. It should be noted that one aspect of the present invention does not necessarily need to solve all of these problems. Problems other than the above are obvious from the description in the specification and the like, and it is possible to extract problems other than the above from the description in the specification and the like.

Means for Solving the Problems

[0011] In addition, the description of the above problems does not prevent the existence of other problems. In addition, one aspect of the present invention does not necessarily need to solve all of these problems. Problems other than the above are obvious from the description in the specification and the like, and it is possible to extract problems other than the above from the description in the specification and the like. From the description in the specification and the like, it is possible to extract problems other than the above. 。 。

Means for Solving the Problems

[0012] One aspect of the present invention has an EL layer between a pair of electrodes, the EL layer has at least a light-emitting layer, the light-emitting layer contains a first organic compound and a hydrocarbon group substituent, the first organic compound has a substituted or unsubstituted carbazole skeleton, the hydrocarbon group substituent has a structure in which at least one of the hydrogen atoms in the first organic compound is substituted with a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and the content of the hydrocarbon group substituent is greater than 0 and 0.1 or less by weight ratio with respect to the first organic compound, and it is a light-emitting element. Further, in the above configuration, the hydrocarbon group substituent is preferably a compound in which at least one of the hydrogen atoms in the first organic compound is substituted with a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms. More preferably, at least one of the hydrogen atoms in the carbazole skeleton in the first organic compound is substituted with a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms. The content of the hydrocarbon group substituent is greater than 0 and 0.1 or less by weight ratio with respect to the first organic compound, and it is a light-emitting element. 。

[0013] In addition, in the above configuration, the hydrocarbon group substituent is preferably a compound in which at least one of the hydrogen atoms in the first organic compound is substituted with a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms. More preferably, it is a light-emitting element. More preferably, at least one of the hydrogen atoms in the carbazole skeleton in the first organic compound One is a compound substituted with a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms. More preferably, the hydrocarbon group substituent is a compound in which at least the hydrogen atom at the 2-position in the carbazole skeleton in the first organic compound is substituted with a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms.

[0014] Also, in the above configuration, it is preferable that the first organic compound further has a substituted or unsubstituted nitrogen-containing heteroaromatic ring.

[0015] Also, in the above configuration, the light-emitting layer may further have a second organic compound having a substituted or unsubstituted nitrogen-containing heteroaromatic ring.

[0016] Also, in the above configuration, it is preferable that the first organic compound is an organic compound represented by the following general formula (G0).

[0017]

Chemical formula

[0018] However, in the general formula (G0), A represents a substituted or unsubstituted nitrogen-containing heteroaromatic ring having 1 to 25 carbon atoms, Ar represents an arylene group having 6 to 13 carbon atoms, n represents 0 or 1, and Cz represents a substituted or unsubstituted carbazole skeleton.

[0019] Also, in the above configuration, it is preferable that the first organic compound is an organic compound represented by the following general formula (G1).

[0020]

Chemical formula

[0021] However, in the general formula (G1), A represents a substituted or unsubstituted nitrogen-containing heteroaromatic ​​​​​represents an aromatic ring, Ar represents an arylene group having 6 to 13 carbon atoms, n represents 0 or 1, R 1 to R 8 each independently represents hydrogen, a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, a cyclic hydrocarbon group having 3 to 6 carbon atoms, or any one of a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 25 carbon atoms. represents.

[0022] Further, in the above configuration, it is preferable that the first organic compound is an organic compound represented by the following general formula (G2). is preferable.

[0023] [Chemical formula]

[0024] However, in the general formula (G2), A represents a substituted or unsubstituted nitrogen-containing heteroaromatic ring having 1 to 25 carbon atoms, Ar represents an arylene group having 6 to 13 carbon atoms, and n represents 0 or 1. represents.

[0025] Further, in the above configuration, it is preferable that the content of the hydrocarbon group substituent in the light-emitting layer is greater than 0 and 0.05 or less by weight ratio with respect to the first organic compound, and more preferably greater than 0 and 0.025 or less. is.

[0026] Further, in the above configuration, it is preferable that the guest material has a function capable of converting triplet excitation energy into light emission. Further, it is preferable that the guest material has iridium .

[0027] Further, another aspect of the present invention is a display device having the light-emitting element of each of the above configurations and at least one of a color filter or a transistor. Further, another aspect of the present invention is the above-mentioned one. ​The electronic device has a display device and at least one of a housing and a touch sensor. Another aspect of the present invention is a light-emitting element having any of the above structures, and at least one of a housing and a touch sensor. Another embodiment of the present invention is a lighting device having a light-emitting element. In addition, electronic devices having a light-emitting device are also included in the scope of the present invention. An optical device refers to an image display device or a light source (including a lighting device). Connectors, such as FPC (Flexible Printed Circuit), Display module with TCP (Tape Carrier Package) attached , a display module with a printed wiring board at the end of the TCP, or a light-emitting element with a COG ( A display module with IC (integrated circuit) directly mounted using the Chip On Glass method. The rule is also an aspect of the present invention. Effect of the Invention

[0028] According to one embodiment of the present invention, a novel light-emitting element having high reliability can be provided. According to one embodiment of the present invention, a light-emitting element having high emission efficiency can be provided. According to one embodiment of the present invention, a light-emitting element with reduced power consumption can be provided. Alternatively, according to one embodiment of the present invention, a novel light-emitting element can be provided. According to one embodiment of the present invention, a novel light-emitting device can be provided. According to one embodiment of the present invention, a novel display device can be provided.

[0029] Note that the description of these effects does not preclude the existence of other effects. It is not necessary to have all of these effects. Effects other than these are described in the specification. From the descriptions such as the drawings and claims, it is obvious by itself, and from the descriptions of the specification, drawings, claims, etc. It is possible to extract effects other than these.

Brief Explanation of Drawings

[0030]

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Mode for Carrying Out the Invention

[0031] Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. However, the present invention is not limited to the following description, and its form and details may be changed without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. It is possible to make various changes. Therefore, the present invention is not construed as being limited to the embodiments and implementation examples described below.

[0032] In addition, with regard to the position, size, range, etc. of each component shown in the drawings and the like, for the sake of easy understanding, there may be cases where they do not represent the actual position, size, range, etc. For this reason, the disclosed invention is not necessarily limited to the position, size, range, etc. disclosed in the drawings and the like.

[0033] Also, in this specification and the like, ordinal numbers such as first, second, etc. are used for convenience, and may not indicate the process order or the stacking order. Therefore, for example, "the first" can be appropriately replaced with "the second" or "the third", etc. for explanation. Also, the ordinal numbers described in this specification and the like may not match the ordinal numbers used to specify an aspect of the present invention. There is.

[0034] Also, in this specification and the like, when explaining the configuration of the invention using drawings, the same components may be commonly used with the same reference numerals even between different drawings.

[0035] Also, in this specification and the like, the term "film" and the term "layer" can be interchanged with each other. For example, the term "conductive layer" may be changed to the term "conductive film". Or, for example, the term "insulating film" may be changed to the term "insulating layer". There may be cases where it is possible.

[0036] Note that in this specification and the like, the singlet excited state (S * ) is a singlet state having excitation energy. Also, the S1 level is the lowest level of the singlet excitation energy level and is as follows. It is the excitation energy level of the lowest singlet excited state (S1 state). Also, the triplet excited state (T * ) is a triplet state having excitation energy. Also, the T1 level is the lowest level of the triplet excitation energy level and is the excitation energy level of the lowest triplet excited state (T 1 state). In the present specification and the like, even when simply referred to as the singlet excited state and the singlet excitation energy level, it may represent the S1 state and the S1 level . Also, even when referred to as the triplet excited state and the triplet excitation energy level , it may represent the T1 state and the T1 level.

[0037] In the present specification and the like, a fluorescent compound is a substance that emits light in the visible light region when relaxing from the singlet excited state to the ground state. On the other hand, a phosphorescent compound is a substance that emits light in the visible light region at room temperature when relaxing from the triplet excited state to the ground state. In other words, a phosphorescent compound is one of the substances that can convert triplet excitation energy into visible light .

[0038] In the present specification and the like, room temperature refers to any temperature from 0°C to 40°C.

[0039] In the present specification and the like, the blue wavelength region is a wavelength region from 400 nm to less than 500 nm, and blue light emission is light emission having at least one emission spectrum peak in this region . Also, the green wavelength region is a wavelength region from 500 nm to less than 580 nm, and green light emission is light emission having at least one emission spectrum peak in this region . Also, the red wavelength region is a wavelength region from 580 nm to 680 nm, and red light emission is light emission having at least one emission spectrum peak in this region . Luminescence is luminescence having at least one emission spectral peak in the region.

[0040] (Embodiment 1) In this embodiment, a light-emitting element according to one aspect of the present invention will be described below with reference to FIGS. 1 to 3. explain.

[0041] <Configuration Example of Light-Emitting Element> First, the configuration of a light-emitting element according to one aspect of the present invention will be described below with reference to FIGS. 1(A) and (B). explain below.

[0042] FIG. 1(A) is a schematic cross-sectional view of a light-emitting element 150 according to one aspect of the present invention.

[0043] The light-emitting element 150 has a pair of electrodes (electrode 101 and electrode 102), and has an EL layer 100 provided between the pair of electrodes. The EL layer 100 has at least a light-emitting layer 130. .

[0044] Also, the EL layer 100 shown in FIG. 1(A) has functional layers such as a hole injection layer 111, a hole transport layer 112, an electron transport layer 118, and an electron injection layer 119 in addition to the light-emitting layer 130.

[0045] In this embodiment, among the pair of electrodes, electrode 101 is described as the anode and electrode 1 02 is described as the cathode. However, the configuration of the light-emitting element 150 is not limited to this. That is, electrode 101 may be the cathode, electrode 102 may be the anode, and the lamination of each layer between the electrodes may be in the reverse order. That is, from the anode side, the hole injection layer 111, the hole transport layer 112, the light-emitting layer 130, the electron transport layer 118, and the electron injection layer 119 may be laminated in this order.

[0046] .

[0046] Note that the configuration of the EL layer 100 is not limited to the configuration shown in FIG. 1(A), and at least the light-emitting layer​ has 130, and may or may not have a hole injection layer 111, a hole transport layer 112, an electron transport layer 118, and an electron injection layer 119 respectively. Further, the EL layer 100 may have a functional layer having functions such as reducing the injection barrier of holes or electrons, improving the transportability of holes or electrons, inhibiting the transportability of holes or electrons, suppressing the quenching phenomenon by electrodes, suppressing exciton diffusion, etc. Note that each functional layer may be a single layer or a structure in which a plurality of layers are stacked. Moreover, it may be configured to have a functional layer having functions such as reducing the injection barrier of holes or electrons, improving the transportability of holes or electrons, inhibiting the transportability of holes or electrons, suppressing the quenching phenomenon by electrodes, suppressing exciton diffusion, etc. Note that each functional layer may be a single layer or a structure in which a plurality of layers are stacked. layer 119 respectively. Further, the EL layer 100 may have a functional layer having functions such as reducing the injection barrier of holes or electrons, improving the transportability of holes or electrons, inhibiting the transportability of holes or electrons, suppressing the quenching phenomenon by electrodes, suppressing exciton diffusion, etc. Note that each functional layer may be a single layer or a structure in which a plurality of layers are stacked. and may be configured to have a functional layer having functions such as reducing the injection barrier of holes or electrons, improving the transportability of holes or electrons, inhibiting the transportability of holes or electrons, suppressing the quenching phenomenon by electrodes, suppressing exciton diffusion, etc. Note that each functional layer may be a single layer or a structure in which a plurality of layers are stacked. Moreover, it may be configured to have a functional layer having functions such as reducing the injection barrier of holes or electrons, improving the transportability of holes or electrons, inhibiting the transportability of holes or electrons, suppressing the quenching phenomenon by electrodes, suppressing exciton diffusion, etc. Note that each functional layer may be a single layer or a structure in which a plurality of layers are stacked.

[0047] FIG. 1(B) is a cross-sectional schematic view showing an example of the light-emitting layer 130 shown in FIG. 1(A). FIG. 1( B) shows a light-emitting layer 130 having a host material 131 and a guest material 132.

[0048] As the host material 131, it is sufficient to have at least an organic compound 131_1. As the organic compound 131_1, a compound having a function of transporting electrons (having electron transportability) is preferred, and a compound having a nitrogen-containing heteroaromatic skeleton is preferred. It is more preferred to have a nitrogen-containing six-membered heteroaromatic skeleton. The nitrogen-containing six-membered heteroaromatic skeleton has high electron transportability and is stable and

[0049] preferred. Moreover, it is preferred that the host material 131 further has an organic compound 131_2. As the organic compound 131_2, a compound having a function of transporting holes (having hole transportability)

[0050] is preferred. Moreover, when the combination of the organic compound 131_1 and the organic compound 131_2 is a combination of a compound having electron transportability and a compound having hole transportability, depending on the mixing ratio Specifically, the carrier balance can be easily controlled by using a material having an electron transport property. The compound having a hole transporting property:the compound having a hole transporting property is preferably in the range of 1:9 to 9:1 (weight ratio). In addition, by having this structure, it is easy to achieve carrier balance and a carrier recombination region (exciton generation region). The control of the region of formation can also be easily performed.

[0051] The guest material 132 may be a light-emitting organic compound that emits fluorescence. A substance capable of emitting phosphorescence (hereinafter referred to as a fluorescent compound) or a substance capable of emitting phosphorescence (hereinafter referred to as a In the following, a fluorescent compound (also called a phosphorescent compound) is preferably used as the guest material 132. A configuration using a luminescent compound or a phosphorescent compound will be described.

[0052] The light emitting element 150 is required to have a high luminous efficiency. In addition, the decrease in luminous efficiency due to long-term storage or long-term operation is small. The light emitting element 150 is required to have a long life and high reliability. In order to have high reliability, the EL layer 100, especially the light-emitting layer 130, should be free of impurities. It is preferable to use an organic compound that is present in a small amount. Hydrogen atoms are replaced by hydrocarbon groups or halogens. It is preferred that the organic compound used in the step (a) has a low halide content.

[0053] In order to manufacture a light-emitting element with a low content of impurities, It is preferable to increase the purity. Therefore, the synthesis of the organic compound is carried out using reagents with few impurities or pure materials. It is preferable to synthesize the compound using a solvent with high purity. This is because they may be contained in organic compounds. The purification of the organic compounds is carried out by sublimation purification. Sublimation purification is generally used to remove residual solvents from the synthesis and trace amounts of impurities (e.g. , halides) can be separated.

[0054] However, since the molecular structure is similar to that of the organic compound used in the EL layer 100, It contains impurities that are difficult to separate during the purification process of the compound and whose content is difficult to reduce. In addition, impurities may be mixed in during the manufacture of the light-emitting element, causing the light-emitting element to become deformed. For example, substances produced by the decomposition of organic compounds during vacuum deposition may be included. In some cases, the impurities may be mixed into the light-emitting element. In the fabrication methods using solvents, such as the printing method and the like, the solvent or impurities in the solvent may cause the luminescent element to emit light. In addition, when the light-emitting element is driven, the organic compound may decompose and cause The generated substance may be included in the light-emitting element as an impurity. It is difficult to eliminate all of the impurities present.

[0055] As described above, it is difficult to form the EL layer 100 so as not to contain impurities. The inventors have found that if a certain impurity is present at a concentration below a certain level, it does not affect the characteristics of the light-emitting device. Specifically, in the light-emitting element according to one embodiment of the present invention, the light-emitting layer 130 contains a host material and The luminescent layer 1 contains an organic compound having a carbazole skeleton and a guest material as an impurity. At least one of the hydrogen atoms in the host material included in 30 is a carbon atom having 1 to 6 carbon atoms. The content of the hydrocarbon group substitute having a structure substituted with a hydrogen group is determined based on the weight of the host material. The light emitting element has a quantity ratio greater than 0 and equal to or less than 0.1.

[0056] In addition, when the hydrocarbon group substitutent is a methyl group substitutent, this methyl group substitutent is approximately The m / z of the sample is expressed as m / z of the sample material + 14n (n is a natural number).

[0057] Preferably, the content of the hydrocarbon group substituent is greater than 0 in terms of weight ratio to the host material. It is 0.05 or less, and more preferably greater than 0 and 0.025 or less.

[0058] Organic compounds with a carbazole skeleton have a high T1 level and high carrier transport properties. Therefore, it is suitable for use in light emitting devices.

[0059] Carbazole, which is a raw material for organic compounds having a carbazole skeleton used in light-emitting elements The derivatives are those in which the hydrogen atom in the carbazole skeleton is replaced by a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, often Hydrocarbon group substitutes substituted with alkyl groups having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, especially methyl groups, are used as impurities. The hydrocarbon group substituent may be included as a target compound (an organic compound having a carbazole skeleton). Since the physical properties of the carbazole derivatives (or their raw materials) are similar, they are purified and removed. This is because it is difficult to do so.

[0060] As mentioned above, organic compounds having a carbazole skeleton contain hydrocarbon group substitutes as impurities. Since such a material may be contained as an oxide, it may adversely affect the characteristics of the light emitting element.

[0061] <Analysis of the effects of impurities using quantum chemical calculations> Here, the effect of a hydrocarbon group-substituted organic compound having a carbazole skeleton in a light-emitting device The following will be explained using quantum chemical calculations.

[0062] The organic compounds having a carbazole skeleton used in the analysis and their names are shown below.

[0063]

Chemical formula

[0064] 35DCzPPy is used as a material for the electron transport layer and the light-emitting layer in a light-emitting device. M Me-35DCzPPy is a substance considered as an impurity contained in 35DCzPPy and can be said to be a methyl group-substituted derivative of 35DCzPPy.

[0065] Regarding the triplet excited state (T1) of 35DCzPPy and Me-35DCzPPy, vibrational (spin density) analysis was performed on the most stable structure and the metastable structure where the T1 level is the lowest. The calculation method used was the density functional theory (DFT). The results are shown in Figure 2. The total energy of DFT is represented by the sum of the potential energy, the electrostatic energy between electrons, the kinetic energy of electrons and the exchange-correlation energy that includes all the complex interactions between electrons. In DFT, the exchange-correlation interaction is approximated by a functional (in the sense of a function of a function) of the one-electron potential represented by the electron density, so the calculation is fast. Here, the hybrid functional B3LYP was used to define the weights of the parameters related to the exchange and correlation energies. Also, as the basis function 6-311G(d,p) was used. The Gaussian 09 program was used for the calculation program.

[0066] In Figure 2, the shading attached to the molecule indicates the spin in the T1 excited state. There is no significant difference in the spin density distribution in the T1 most stable structure of 35DCzPPy and Me-35DCzPPy, and it can be seen that the spin easily spreads to the pyridine ring and the phenylene group. On the other hand, ​​​​ In the T1 metastable structure, the spin is mainly distributed in both 35DCzPPy and Me-35DCzPPy and spreads over the carbazole ring. However, in Me-35DCzPPy, it can be seen that the spin spreads to the methyl group. The spin density of the methyl group is about 3% of the whole. Note that the ratio of the spin density is obtained from the sum of the absolute values of the spin densities of each atom.

[0067] As for the calculation procedure, first, the most stable structure in the ground state (S0 state) is used as the initial structure, and the recalculated most stable structure of T1 becomes the T1 metastable structure. The T1 most stable structure is the initial structure set so that the electrons of the spin in the T1 excited state are likely to exist in the pyridine ring and the phenylene group. The excitation energy is obtained by calculating the difference between the energy of the most stable structure of S0 and the energy of each stable structure of T1. Even if the most stable structure of S0 is recalculated with the T1 most stable structure as the initial structure, the structure, energy value is the same as the previously calculated most stable structure of S0.

[0068] That is, considering the structural change due to excitation from the ground state (S0 state) of Me-35DCzPPy to the T1 excited state, the structural change between the ground state - T1 most stable structure is more torsional and less likely to occur than the structural change between the ground state - T1 metastable structure. Also, since the energy difference between the T1 most stable structure and the T1 metastable structure of Me-35DCzPPy is as small as 0.0 9 eV, it can be said that the T1 excited state of Me-35DCzPPy is more likely to become a T1 metastable structure than 35DCzPPy. As described above, in the T1 metastable state of Me-35DCzPPy, since the spin spreads to the methyl group, reactions starting from the methyl group may occur. ​​​

[0069] Next, quantum chemical calculations were performed to determine the relationship between the methyl group in Me-35DCzPPy and the When the pyridine rings interact, the hydrogen atom of the methyl group moves to the pyridine ring, forming CH 2 Analysis of hydrogen atom transfer reaction producing -35DCzPPy and Me-35DCzPPy-H The reaction formulas and organic compound names used in the analysis are shown below.

[0070] [ka]

[0071] Reaction pathways and energies obtained by analysis of hydrogen atom transfer reactions in the lowest excited triplet state. The diagram is shown in Figure 3.

[0072] In Figure 3, Me-35DCzPPy in the T1 state and Me-35 in the ground state (S0 state) are The energy of DCzPPy in the infinitely dissociated state was used as the reference. The activation energy of the reaction in which an atom transfers to the pyridine ring is 0.54 eV, and it occurs at room temperature. Furthermore, the final state after hydrogen atom transfer is CH 2 -35DCzPPy and Me-35 DCzPPy-H and DCzPPy-H are in radical states, and the final state energy is the initial state The reaction is exothermic, and the energy of the reaction is stable below that of the reaction When the optical element is driven, the Me-3 When the methyl group of 5DCzPPy and the pyridine ring are in a molecular configuration that interacts with each other, Hydrogen atom transfer reactions may occur.

[0073] The generated radical state CH 2-35DCzPPy and radical state Me-35DCz During the driving of the light-emitting device, PPy-H receives an electron or a hole and becomes a singlet ground state. CH that has received an electron and become an anion state 2 The T1 level of -35DCzPPy and the T1 level of Me-35DCzPPy-H that has received a hole and become a cation state The calculated values are shown in Table 1 respectively. The measured value of the T1 level of Me-35DCzPPy is also shown together.

[0074] The calculation was performed in the same manner as the calculation method of the T1 level of Me-35DCzPPy above.

[0075]

Table 1

[0076] As shown in Table 1, the T1 level of anion state CH 2 -35DC zPPy and the T1 level of cation state Me-35DCzPPy-H are very small values. Therefore, these can be factors for deactivation in the light-emitting device. That is, excitation energy transfer occurs from the excited guest material or host material to anion state CH 2 -35DCz PPy and cation state Me-35DCzPPy-H. Therefore, light emission cannot be obtained from the guest material, and the luminous efficiency of the light-emitting device decreases .

[0077] As described above, when a compound in which a hydrogen atom in the carbazole skeleton is replaced by a methyl group is present in the light-emitting device, substances that can be factors for deactivation are generated inside the device when the light-emitting device is driven ​​This may have an adverse effect on reliability. Therefore, it is preferable that the content of the compound in which the hydrogen atom in the carbazole skeleton is replaced by a methyl group is small. As described above , the spin density of the methyl group in the T1 state of Me-35DCzPPy is about 3% of the whole , and it is predicted that substances that can be factors for deactivation will have an impact if they are contained to the extent of guest materials . Therefore, it is preferably contained in a content greater than 0 and 0.1 or less by weight ratio with respect to the host material , more preferably greater than 0 and 0.05 or less, and even more preferably greater than 0 and 0.025 or less.

[0078] In this calculation, the calculation was performed when the substituent in the carbazole skeleton was a methyl group, but the above reaction is not limited to the methyl group. When the substituent is a hydrocarbon group, at least an aliphatic hydrocarbon group , it can be said that the same reaction occurs.

[0079] In this calculation, the calculation of the reaction with nitrogen in the pyridine skeleton was performed, but the above reaction is not limited to the pyridine skeleton. The same reaction is expected to occur in the case of a nitrogen-containing heteroaromatic ring compound. In the case of at least a compound having a nitrogen-containing 6-membered heteroaromatic ring, it can be said that the same reaction occurs. That is, in the case of a compound having a pyridine ring, a pyridazine ring, a pyrimidine ring, a pyrazine ring, or a triazine ring , it can be said that the same reaction occurs. In other words, it is a phenomenon that occurs in the case of a heteroaromatic compound having a lone pair of electrons.

[0080] In addition, when the hydrocarbon group substituent has a structure in which at least the hydrogen atom in the host material in the light-emitting layer is replaced by a hydrocarbon group , it can be said that the above reaction occurs.

[0081] ​​​​Therefore, in one aspect of the present invention, the light-emitting layer contains the first organic compound having the substituted or unsubstituted carbazole skeleton, and the first organic compound is a compound having a nitrogen-containing six-membered heteroaromatic ring or a heteroaromatic compound having a lone pair of electrons, which is a light-emitting element. Alternatively, the light-emitting layer has not only the first organic compound but also a second organic compound, and the second organic compound is a compound having a nitrogen-containing six-membered heteroaromatic ring or a heteroaromatic compound having a lone pair of electrons, which is a light-emitting element.

[0082] In addition, although the radical molecules generated in this calculation were analyzed for the case of receiving electrons or holes and becoming the singlet ground state , since radicals generally have high reactivity, if they are generated in a light-emitting element, they may react with other organic materials (such as host materials and guest materials), which may cause deterioration . Also, the excitation energy of the radical itself is considered to be low and it is likely to become a quenching factor . .

[0083] In addition, in the above calculation, a quantum chemical calculation of the hydrogen atom transfer reaction between Me-35DCzPPy was performed. However, assuming that a similar reaction occurs between Me-35DCzPPy in the excited state, that is, the T1 state or the S1 state, and 35DCzPPy in the ground state (S0 state), and a quantum chemical calculation is performed, it can be said that results similar to the above calculation results are obtained. This is because of the reaction between the methyl group bonded to the carbazole skeleton and the nitrogen of the pyridine skeleton . .

[0084] In addition, the above hydrogen atom transfer reaction can also occur between two different molecules. In the light-emitting layer, at least one of the hydrogen atoms of the carbazole skeleton is replaced by a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, which is an organic When a compound and an organic compound having a nitrogen-containing heteroaromatic ring coexist, the above hydrogen atom transfer reaction may occur.

[0085] In addition, in the above calculation, quantum chemical calculations were performed regarding the reaction of the methyl group bonded to the carbazole skeleton, but the above reaction is not limited to the substituents on the carbazole skeleton. When a hydrocarbon group is included as a substituent on the skeleton where the spin spreads, a similar reaction is expected to occur.

[0086] In addition, in the above calculation, quantum chemical calculations of the hydrogen atom transfer reaction were performed. However, as described above, spin spreads on the methyl group in the T1 state of Me-3 5DCzPPy. Therefore, reactions other than the above hydrogen atom transfer reaction starting from the methyl group may also occur. In this case, similar to the above hydrogen atom transfer reaction, Me-35DCzPPy is converted into a radical molecule, and the radical molecule may become a quenching factor, leading to device degradation. Therefore, the content of the compound in which the hydrogen atom in the carbazole skeleton is replaced by a methyl group is preferably small, and preferably has a content greater than 0 and less than or equal to 0.1 in terms of the weight ratio to the host material, more preferably greater than 0 and less than or equal to 0.05, and even more preferably greater than 0 and less than or equal to 0.025 in terms of the weight ratio to the host material. is greater than 0 and less than or equal to 0.05, and even more preferably greater than 0 and less than or equal to 0.025 is.

[0087] <Material> Next, the details of the components of the light-emitting device according to one aspect of the present invention will be described below.

[0088] ≪Light-emitting layer≫ The light-emitting layer 130 preferably has at least a host material 131 and further has a guest material 132. In addition, the host material 131 is an organic compound 131_1 and an organic compound 131_2 may also have. In the light-emitting layer 130, the host material 131 is present in the largest amount by weight , and the guest material 132 is dispersed in the host material 131. When the guest material 132 is a fluorescent compound, the S1 level of the host material 131 (organic compound 131_1 and organic compound 1 31_2) of the light-emitting layer 130 is preferably higher than the S1 level of the guest material (guest material 132) of the light-emitting layer 130. When the guest material 132 is a phosphorescent compound, the T1 level of the host material 131 (organic compound 131_1 and organic compound 131_2) of the light-emitting layer 130 is preferably higher than the T1 level of the guest material (guest material 132) of the light-emitting layer 130.

[0089] The host material 131 is preferably a compound having a carbazole skeleton. As the carbazole derivative, specifically, 3-[N-(4-diphenylaminophenyl)- N-phenylamino]-9-phenylcarbazole (abbreviation: PCzDPA1), 3,6- bis[N-(4-diphenylaminophenyl)-N-phenylamino]-9-phenylcarbazole (abbreviation: PCzDPA2), 3,6-bis[N-(4-diphenylaminophenyl)- N-(1-naphthyl)amino]-9-phenylcarbazole (abbreviation: PCzTP N2), 3-[N-(9-phenylcarbazol-3-yl)-N-phenylamino]- 9-phenylcarbazole (abbreviation: PCzPCA1), 3,6-bis[N-(9-phenyl carbazol-3-yl)-N-phenylamino]-9-phenylcarbazole (abbreviation :PCzPCA2), 3-[N-(1-naphthyl)-N-(9-phenylcarbazol- 3-yl)amino]-9-phenylcarbazole (abbreviation: PCzPCN1), N,N-di Phenyl-9-[4-(10-phenyl-9-anthryl)phenyl]-9H-carbazole -3-amine (abbreviation: CzA1PA), 4-(10-phenyl-9-anthryl)to riphenylamine (abbreviation: DPhPA), 4-(9H-carbazol-9-yl)-4’ -(10-phenyl-9-anthryl)triphenylamine (abbreviation: YGAPA), N, 9-diphenyl-N-[4-(10-phenyl-9-anthryl)phenyl]-9H-ca rbazole-3-amine (abbreviation: PCAPA), N,9-diphenyl-N-{4-[4- (10-phenyl-9-anthryl)phenyl]phenyl}-9H-carbazole-3- amine (abbreviation: PCAPBA), N,9-diphenyl-N-(9,10-diphenyl-2 -anthryl)-9H-carbazole-3-amine (abbreviation: 2PCAPA), 9-pheny l-3-[4-(10-phenyl-9-anthryl)phenyl]-9H-carbazole( abbreviation: PCzPA), 3,6-diphenyl-9-[4-(10-phenyl-9-anthry l)phenyl]-9H-carbazole (abbreviation: DPCzPA), etc. can be used.

[0090] Also, when the host material 131 has the organic compound 131_1 and the organic compound 131_2, as the organic compound 131_1, it is preferable that it has a carbazole skeleton and further has a nitrogen-containing six-membered heteroaromatic group skeleton. Specifically, as the nitrogen-containing six-membered heteroaromatic group skeleton, a pyridine skeleton, a diazine skeleton (a pyrazine skeleton, a pyrimidine skeleton, and a pyridazine skeleton), and a triazine skeleton-containing compound can be mentioned. Examples of the compounds having these basic nitrogen-containing heteroaromatic group skeletons include, for example, pyridine derivatives, bipyridine derivatives, pyrimi Compounds such as indole derivatives, triazine derivatives, quinoxaline derivatives, dibenzoquinoxaline derivatives, phenanthroline derivatives, and purine derivatives are included. Also, as the organic compound 131, a material with higher electron transportability than hole (electron transport material) can be used, and it is preferably a material having an electron mobility of 1×10 cm / Vs or more. In addition, these materials can also be suitably used when the host material 131, that is, the host material of the light-emitting layer consists of one type. Specifically, for example, 2-[3-(3,9'-bi-9H-carbazol-9-yl)phenyl]dibenz[f,h]quinoxaline (abbreviation: 2mCzCzPDBq), 4,6-bis -6 cm 2 / Vs or more. Moreover, these materials can be preferably used also in the case where the host material 131, that is, the host material of the light-emitting layer consists of one type. Specifically, for example, heterocyclic compounds having a diazine skeleton such as 2-[3-(3,9'-bi-9H-carbazol-9-yl)phenyl]dibenz[f,h]quinoxaline (abbreviation: 2mCzCzPDBq), 4,6-bis

[0091] [3-(9H-carbazol-9-yl)phenyl]pyrimidine (abbreviation: 4,6mCzP2Pm), and heterocyclic compounds having a triazine skeleton such as 2-{4-[3-(N-phenyl-9H-carbazol-3-yl)-9H-carbazol-9-yl]phenyl}-4 ,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-triazine (abbreviation: PCCzPTzn), and heterocyclic compounds having a pyridine skeleton such as 3,5-bis[3-(9H-carbazol-9-yl)phenyl]pyridine (abbreviation: 35DCzPPy) can also be used. Among the above-mentioned heterocyclic compounds, heterocyclic compounds having a triazine skeleton, a diazine (pyrimidine, pyrazine, pyridazine) skeleton, or a pyridine skeleton are stable and have good reliability, and are preferable. In addition, the heterocyclic compound having such a skeleton has high electron transportability and contributes to reducing the driving voltage.

[0092] ​​​​​​​​​In addition to the above-mentioned heteroaromatic ring compounds, the organic compound 131_1 may be the following: Heteroaromatic ring compounds may also be used.

[0093] Bathophenanthroline (abbreviated as BPhen), bathocuproine (abbreviated as BCP), etc. Heterocyclic compounds with pyridine skeletons and 2-[3-(dibenzothiophen-4-yl)phenyl] phenyl]dibenzo[f,h]quinoxaline (abbreviation: 2mDBTPDBq-II), 2-[ 3'-(Dibenzothiophen-4-yl)biphenyl-3-yl]dibenzo[f,h]ky Noxalin (abbreviation: 2mDBTBPDBq-II), 2-[3'-(9H-carbazole -9-yl)biphenyl-3-yl]dibenzo[f,h]quinoxaline (abbreviation: 2mCz BPDBq), 2-[4-(3,6-diphenyl-9H-carbazol-9-yl)phenyl nyl]dibenzo[f,h]quinoxaline (abbreviation: 2CzPDBq-III), 7-[3- (Dibenzothiophene-4-yl)phenyl]dibenzo[f,h]quinoxaline (abbreviation: 7mDBTPDBq-II) and 6-[3-(dibenzothiophen-4-yl)phenyl nyl]dibenzo[f,h]quinoxaline (abbreviation: 6mDBTPDBq-II), 4,6- Bis[3-(phenanthren-9-yl)phenyl]pyrimidine (abbreviation: 4,6mPnP 2Pm), 4,6-bis[3-(4-dibenzothienyl)phenyl]pyrimidine (abbreviation: 4,6mDBTP2Pm-II), 1,3,5-tri[3-(3-pyridyl)phenyl] Examples of such heterocyclic compounds include those having a diazine skeleton such as benzene (abbreviation: TmPyPB). In addition, poly(2,5-pyridinediyl) (abbreviation: PPy), poly[(9,9-dihexyl Fluorene-2,7-diyl)-co-(pyridine-3,5-diyl)] (abbreviation: PF- Py), poly[(9,9-dioctylfluorene-2,7-diyl)-co-(2,2' -bipyridine-6,6'-diyl) (abbreviation: PF-BPy) The substances mentioned here are mainly 1×10 -6 cm 2 Electron transfer above / Vs In addition, as long as the material has a higher electron transporting property than the hole transporting property, the material other than the above can be used. Substances may also be used.

[0094] The organic compound 131_2 has a nitrogen-containing five-membered heterocyclic skeleton or a tertiary amine skeleton. Compounds having a nitrogen-containing five-membered heterocyclic skeleton can be used. , pyrrole skeleton or aromatic amine skeleton. Specific examples include indole derivatives, Carbazole derivatives, triarylamine derivatives, etc. Examples of the heterocyclic skeleton include an imidazole skeleton, a triazole skeleton, and a tetrazole skeleton. In addition, the organic compound 131_2 is a material having a higher hole transporting property than an electron transporting property (a material having a higher hole transporting property than an electron transporting property). hole transport material), and 1×10 -6 cm 2 / Vs or higher hole mobility The hole transporting material may be a polymer compound. In addition, among the above-mentioned compounds having a carbazole skeleton, 1×10 -6 cm 2 / Vs or more positive Materials that have pore mobility may also be suitably used.

[0095] As the material having high hole transport properties, specifically, aromatic amine compounds include N, N'-Di(p-tolyl)-N,N'-diphenyl-p-phenylenediamine (abbreviation: DT (DPPA), 4,4'-bis[N-(4-diphenylaminophenyl)-N-phenylamino]biphenyl (abbreviation: DPAB), N,N'-bis{4-[bis(3-methylphenyl)amino]phenyl}-N,N'-diphenyl-(1,1'-biphenyl)-4,4'-diamine (abbreviation: DNTPD), 1,3,5-tris[N-(4-diphenylaminophenyl)-N-phenylamino]benzene (abbreviation: DPA3B), etc. can be mentioned. .

[0096] Also, polymer compounds such as poly(N-vinylcarbazole) (abbreviation: PVK), poly(4-vinyltriphenylamine) (abbreviation: PVTPA), poly[N-(4-{N'-[4-(4-diphenylamino)phenyl]phenyl-N'-phenylamino}phenyl)methacrylamide] (abbreviation: PTPDMA), poly[N,N'-bis(4-butylphenyl)-N,N'-bis(phenyl)benzidine] (abbreviation: Poly-TPD), etc. can be used.

[0097] Furthermore, as materials with high hole transport properties, for example, 4,4'-bis[N-(1-naphthyl)-N-phenylamino]biphenyl (abbreviation: NPB or α-NPD), N,N'-bis(3-methylphenyl)-N,N'-diphenyl-[1,1'-biphenyl]-4,4'-diamine (abbreviation: TPD), 4,4',4''-tris(carbazol-9-yl)triphenylamine (abbreviation: TCTA), 4,4',4''-tris[N-(1-naphthyl)-N-phenylamino]triphenylamine (abbreviation: 1'-TNATA), 4,4',4''-tris(N,N-diphenylamino)triphenylamine (abbreviation: TDAT) ​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​A), 4,4’,4’’-Tris[N-(3-methylphenyl)-N-phenylamino] Triphenylamine (abbreviation: MTDATA), 4,4’-Bis[N-(spiro-9,9’ -bifluoren-2-yl)-N-phenylamino]biphenyl (abbreviation: BSPB), 4 -phenyl-4’-(9-phenylfluoren-9-yl)triphenylamine (abbreviation: BPAFLP), 4-phenyl-3’-(9-phenylfluoren-9-yl)triphenyl amine (abbreviation: mBPAFLP), N-(9,9-dimethyl-9H-fluoren-2 -yl)-N-{9,9-dimethyl-2-[N’-phenyl-N’-(9,9-dimethyl -9H-fluoren-2-yl)amino]-9H-fluoren-7-yl}phenylamine (abbreviation: DFLADFL), N-(9,9-dimethyl-2-diphenylamino-9H- fluoren-7-yl)diphenylamine (abbreviation: DPNF), 2-[N-(4-diphe nylaminophenyl)-N-phenylamino]spiro-9,9’-bifluorene (abbreviation: DPASF), 4-phenyl-4’-(9-phenyl-9H-carbazol-3-yl) triphenylamine (abbreviation: PCBA1BP), 4,4’-diphenyl-4’’-(9- phenyl-9H-carbazol-3-yl)triphenylamine (abbreviation: PCBBi1B P), 4-(1-naphthyl)-4’-(9-phenyl-9H-carbazol-3-yl) triphenylamine (abbreviation: PCBANB), 4,4’-di(1-naphthyl)-4’’- (9-phenyl-9H-carbazol-3-yl)triphenylamine (abbreviation: PCBN BB), 4-phenyldiphenyl-(9-phenyl-9H-carbazol-3-yl)a mine (abbreviation: PCA1BP), N,N’-Bis(9-phenylcarbazol-3-yl) -N,N'-Diphenylbenzene-1,3-diamine (abbreviation: PCA2B), N,N', N''-triphenyl-N,N',N''-tris(9-phenylcarbazol-3-yl)benzene-1,3,5-triamine (abbreviation: PCA3B), N-(4-biphenyl) -N-(9,9-dimethyl-9H-fluoren-2-yl)-9-phenyl-9H-carbazol-3-amine (abbreviation: PCBiF), N-(1,1'-biphenyl-4-yl) -N-[4-(9-phenyl-9H-carbazol-3-yl)phenyl]-9,9-dimethyl-9H-fluorene-2-amine (abbreviation: PCBBiF), 9,9-dimethyl-N -phenyl-N-[4-(9-phenyl-9H-carbazol-3-yl)phenyl]fluorene-2-amine (abbreviation: PCBAF), N-phenyl-N-[4-(9-phenyl -9H-carbazol-3-yl)phenyl]spiro-9,9'-bifluorene-2-amine (abbreviation: PCBASF), 2-[N-(9-phenylcarbazol-3-yl)-N -phenylamino]spiro-9,9'-bifluorene (abbreviation: PCASF), 2,7-bis [N-(4-diphenylaminophenyl)-N-phenylamino]-spiro-9,9' -bifluorene (abbreviation: DPA2SF), N-[4-(9H-carbazol-9-yl) phenyl]-N-(4-phenyl)phenylaniline (abbreviation: YGA1BP), N,N' -bis[4-(carbazol-9-yl)phenyl]-N,N'-diphenyl-9,9- dimethylfluorene-2,7-diamine (abbreviation: YGA2F) and other aromatic amine compounds can be used. Also, 3-[4-(1-naphthyl)-phenyl]-9-phenyl can be used. Also, 3-[4-(1-naphthyl)-phenyl]-9-phenyl can be used. Also, 3-[4-(1-naphthyl)-phenyl]-9-phenyl can be used. Also, 3-[4-(1-naphthyl)-phenyl]-9-phenyl can be used. Also, 3-[4-(1-naphthyl)-phenyl]-9-phenyl and the like can be used. Further, 3-[4-(1-naphthyl)-phenyl]-9-phenyl PCPN, 3-[4-(9-phenanthryl)-phenyl nyl]-9-phenyl-9H-carbazole (abbreviation: PCPPn), 3,3'-bis(9 -phenyl-9H-carbazole) (abbreviation: PCCP), 1,3-bis(N-carbazolidine) mCP, 3,6-bis(3,5-diphenylphenyl)-9-phenyl Phenylcarbazole (abbreviation: CzTP), 3,6-di(9H-carbazol-9-yl) -9-phenyl-9H-carbazole (abbreviation: PhCzGI), 2,8-di(9H-carbazole) amine compounds such as benzol-9-yl)-dibenzothiophene (abbreviation: Cz2DBT); Among the above-mentioned compounds, a pyrrole skeleton, a carbazole compound, etc. can be used. Compounds having an aromatic amine skeleton are preferred because they are stable and have good reliability. Compounds having this property have high hole transporting properties and also contribute to reducing the driving voltage.

[0098] The organic compound 131_2 may have an imidazole skeleton, a triazole skeleton, or a tetraazole skeleton. Compounds having a nitrogen-containing five-membered heterocyclic skeleton such as a trazole skeleton can be used. For example, 3-(4-biphenylyl)-4-phenyl-5-(4-tert-butyl phenyl)-1,2,4-triazole (abbreviation: TAZ), 9-[4-(4,5-diphenyl Nyl-4H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl]-9H-carbazole ( Abbreviation: CzTAZ1), 2,2',2''-(1,3,5-benzenetriyl)tris( 1-phenyl-1H-benzimidazole) (abbreviation: TPBI), 2-[3-(dibenzo Thiophen-4-yl)phenyl]-1-phenyl-1H-benzimidazole (abbreviation: mDBTBIm-II) can be used.

[0099] Also, in the light-emitting layer 130, the guest material 132 is not particularly limited, but as the fluorescent compound, anthracene derivatives, tetracene derivatives, chrysene derivatives, phenanth rene derivatives, pyrene derivatives, perylene derivatives, stilbene derivatives, acridone derivatives, cou marin derivatives, phenoxazine derivatives, phenothiazine derivatives, etc. are preferable. For example, the following substances can be used.

[0100] Specifically, 5,6-bis[4-(10-phenyl-9-anthryl)phenyl]-2 ,2’-bipyridine (abbreviation: PAP2BPy), 5,6-bis[4’-(10-phenyl -9-anthryl)biphenyl-4-yl]-2,2’-bipyridine (abbreviation: PAPP2 BPy), N,N’-diphenyl-N,N’-bis[4-(9-phenyl-9H-fluoro rene-9-yl)phenyl]pyrene-1,6-diamine (abbreviation: 1,6FLPAPrn) , N,N’-bis(3-methylphenyl)-N,N’-bis[3-(9-phenyl-9H -fluorene-9-yl)phenyl]pyrene-1,6-diamine (abbreviation: 1,6mMem FLPAPrn), N,N’-bis[4-(9-phenyl-9H-fluorene-9-yl )phenyl]-N,N’-bis(4-tert-butylphenyl)-pyrene-1,6-di amine (abbreviation: 1,6tBu-FLPAPrn), N,N’-bis[4-(9-phenyl -9H-fluorene-9-yl)phenyl]-N,N’-diphenyl-3,8-dicyclo hexylpyrene-1,6-diamine (abbreviation: ch-1,6FLPAPrn), N,N’- bis[4-(9H-carbazol-9-yl)phenyl]-N,N’-diphenylstilb Ben-4,4'-diamine (abbreviation: YGA2S), 4-(9H-carbazol-9-yl )-4'-(10-phenyl-9-anthryl)triphenylamine (abbreviation: YGAPA )、4-(9H-carbazol-9-yl)-4'-(9,10-diphenyl-2-anth tril)triphenylamine (abbreviation: 2YGAPPA)、N,9-diphenyl-N-[4 -(10-phenyl-9-anthryl)phenyl]-9H-carbazole-3-amine( abbreviation: PCAPA)、perylene、2,5,8,11-tetra(tert-butyl)pery lene (abbreviation: TBP)、4-(10-phenyl-9-anthryl)-4'-(9-phenyl -9H-carbazol-3-yl)triphenylamine (abbreviation: PCBAPA)、N,N ''-(2-tert-butylanthracene-9,10-diyl-di-4,1-phenylene )bis[N,N',N'-triphenyl-1,4-phenylenediamine] (abbreviation: DPA BPA)、N,9-diphenyl-N-[4-(9,10-diphenyl-2-anthryl) phenyl]-9H-carbazole-3-amine (abbreviation: 2PCAPPA)、N-[4-( 9,10-diphenyl-2-anthryl)phenyl]-N,N',N'-triphenyl- 1,4-phenylenediamine (abbreviation: 2DPAPPA)、N,N,N',N',N'', N'',N''',N''' - octaphenyldibenzo[g,p]chrysene-2,7,1 0,15-tetraamine (abbreviation: DBC1)、coumarin 30、N-(9,10-diphen yl-2-anthryl)-N,9-diphenyl-9H-carbazole-3-amine (abbreviation: 2PCAPA)、N-[9,10-bis(1,1'-biphenyl-2-yl)-2-anth tril]-N,9-diphenyl-9H-carbazole-3-amine (abbreviation: 2PCABP hA), N-(9,10-diphenyl-2-anthryl)-N,N’,N’-triphenyl -1,4-phenylenediamine (abbreviation: 2DPAPA), N-[9,10-bis(1, 1’-biphenyl-2-yl)-2-anthryl]-N,N’,N’-triphenyl-1 ,4-phenylenediamine (abbreviation: 2DPABPhA), 9,10-bis(1,1’-bi phenyl-2-yl)-N-[4-(9H-carbazol-9-yl)phenyl]-N- phenylanthracen-2-amine (abbreviation: 2YGABPhA), N,N,9-triphe nylanthracen-9-amine (abbreviation: DPhAPhA), coumarin 6, coumarin 545 T, N,N’-diphenylquinacridone (abbreviation: DPQd), rubrene, 2,8-di-t ert-butyl-5,11-bis(4-tert-butylphenyl)-6,12-diphe nyltetracene (abbreviation: TBRb), Nile Red, 5,12-bis(1,1’-biphe nyl-4-yl)-6,11-diphenyltetracene (abbreviation: BPT), 2-(2-{2 -[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]ethenyl}-6-methyl-4H-pyran-4-yl lidene)propanedinitrile (abbreviation: DCM1), 2-{2-methyl-6-[2-(2, 3,6,7-tetrahydro-1H,5H-benzo[ij]quinolizin-9-yl)ethenyl yl]-4H-pyran-4-ylidene}propanedinitrile (abbreviation: DCM2), N,N, N’,N’-tetrakis(4-methylphenyl)tetracene-5,11-diamine (abbreviation : p-mPhTD), 7,14-diphenyl-N,N,N’,N’-tetrakis(4-me thylphenyl)acenaphtho[1,2-a]fluoranthene-3,10-diamine (abbreviation: p-mPhAFD), 2-{2-isopropyl-6-[2-(1,1,7,7-tetramethyl -2,3,6,7-tetrahydro-1H,5H-benzo[ij]quinolizin-9-yl ethenyl]-4H-pyran-4-ylidene}propanedinitrile (abbreviation: DCJTI ), 2-{2-tert-butyl-6-[2-(1,1,7,7-tetramethyl-2,3 ,6,7-tetrahydro-1H,5H-benzo[ij]quinolizin-9-yl)ethenyl -4H-pyran-4-ylidene}propanedinitrile (abbreviation: DCJTB), 2-(2 ,6-bis{2-[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]ethenyl}-4H-pyran-4- ylidene)propanedinitrile (abbreviation: BisDCM), 2-{2,6-bis[2-(8 -methoxy-1,1,7,7-tetramethyl-2,3,6,7-tetrahydro-1H,5 H-benzo[ij]quinolizin-9-yl)ethenyl]-4H-pyran-4-ylidene} propanedinitrile (abbreviation: BisDCJTM), 5,10,15,20-tetraphenyl rubisbenzo[5,6]inden[1,2,3-cd:1’,2’,3’-lm]perylene , etc. can be mentioned.

[0101] As shown in Table 1, the hydrocarbon group substituents of the above-mentioned first organic compound affect the lowering of the T1 level. Therefore, in the case of a material having a function capable of converting triplet excitation energy into light emission, one aspect of the present invention is more effective. Materials having a function capable of converting triplet excitation energy into light emission include phosphorescent materials and thermally activated delayed fluorescence (Thermally activated delayed fluorescence: TADF) materials, which will be described below. These triplet excitation energy can be converted into light emission, and in the case of a material having such a function, one aspect of the present invention is more effective. As materials having a function capable of converting triplet excitation energy into light emission, phosphorescent materials and thermally activated delayed fluorescence (Thermally activated delayed fluorescence ence: TADF) materials can be mentioned, and these will be described below. In addition, these will be described below. When the T1 level of the guest material is high, specifically, the emission peak exhibited by these guest materials is in the range of 450 nm or more and 530 nm or less, one aspect of the present invention is particularly effective.

[0102] Examples of the guest material 132 (phosphorescent compound) include iridium, rhodium, or platinum-based organometallic complexes, or metal complexes. Among them, organic iridium complexes, such as iridi um-based orthometal complexes, are preferred. Examples of the ligand for orthometalation include 4H-triaz ole ligand, 1H-triazole ligand, imidazole ligand, pyridine ligand, pyrimi dine ligand, pyrazine ligand, or isoquinoline ligand. Examples of the metal complex include platinum complexes having a porphyrin ligand.

[0103] Examples of substances having an emission peak in blue or green include, for example, tris{2-[5-(2 -methylphenyl)-4-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-4H-1,2,4-triaz ol-3-yl-κN2]phenyl-κC}iridium(III) (abbreviation: Ir(mpp tz-dmp) 3 ), tris(5-methyl-3,4-diphenyl-4H-1,2,4-tri azolato)iridium(III) (abbreviation: Ir(Mptz) 3 ), tris[4-(3- biphenyl)-5-isopropyl-3-phenyl-4H-1,2,4-triazolato]i ridium(III) (abbreviation: Ir(iPrptz-3b) 3 ), tris[3-(5-bip henyl)-5-isopropyl-4-phenyl-4H-1,2,4-triazolato]iridi um(III) (abbreviation: Ir(iPr5btz) 3 ), and 4H-triazole skeletons such as Organometallic iridium complexes having, tris[3-methyl-1-(2-methylphenyl) -5-phenyl-1H-1,2,4-triazolato]iridium(III) (abbreviation: Ir (Mptz1-mp) 3 ), tris(1-methyl-5-phenyl-3-propyl-1H- 1,2,4-triazolato)iridium(III) (abbreviation: Ir(Prptz1-Me) 3 ), organometallic iridium complexes having a 1H-triazole skeleton such as fac-tri s[1-(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)-2-phenyl-1H-imidazole]i ridium(III) (abbreviation: Ir(iPrpmi) 3 ), tris[3-(2,6-dimethyl lphenyl)-7-methylimidazo[1,2-f]phenanthridinato]iridium(I II) (abbreviation: Ir(dmpimpt-Me) 3 ), organometallic iridium complexes having an imidazole skeleton such as bis[2-(4’,6’-difluorophenyl)pyridinato- N,C 2’ iridium(III) tetrakis(1-pyrazolyl)borate (abbreviation: FI r6), bis[2-(4’,6’-difluorophenyl)pyridinato-N,C 2’ iri dium(III) picolinate (abbreviation: FIrpic), bis{2-[3’,5’-bis (trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyridinato-N,C 2’}iridium(III) pico linate (abbreviation: Ir(CF 3 ppy) 2 (pic)), bis[2-(4’,6’-dif luorophenyl)pyridinato-N,C 2’ iridium(III) acetylacetonate Organic metal iridium complexes having a phenylpyridine derivative with an electron-withdrawing group such as (abbreviation: FIr(acac)) are arranged as ligands. Among those described above, 4H-triazole skeletons, organic metal iridium complexes having a nitrogen-containing five-membered heterocyclic skeleton such as 1H-triazole skeletons and imidazole skeletons have high triplet excitation energy and are particularly preferable because they are excellent in reliability and luminous efficiency.

[0104] In addition, examples of substances having a luminescence peak in green or yellow include, for example, tris(4-methyl -6-phenylpyrimidinato)iridium(III) (abbreviation: Ir(mppm) 3 ), tris(4-t-butyl-6-phenylpyrimidinato)iridium(III) (abbreviation: I r(tBuppm) 3 ), (acetylacetonato)bis(6-methyl-4-phenylpyr imidinato)iridium(III) (abbreviation: Ir(mppm) 2 (acac)), (acetyl acetonato)bis(6-tert-butyl-4-phenylpyrimidinato)iridium( III) (abbreviation: Ir(tBuppm) 2 (acac)), (acetylacetonato)bis [4-(2-norbornyl)-6-phenylpyrimidinato]iridium(III) (abbreviation : Ir(nbppm) 2 (acac)), (acetylacetonato)bis[5-methyl-6 -(2-methylphenyl)-4-phenylpyrimidinato]iridium(III) (abbreviation: Ir(mpmppm) 2 (acac)), (acetylacetonato)bis{4,6-dimethyl lu-2-[6-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-4-pyrimidinyl-κN3]phenyl- κC}Iridium(III) (abbreviation: Ir(dmppm-dmp) 2 (acac)), ( Bis(4,6-diphenylpyrimidinato)iridium(III) ( abbreviation: Ir(dppm) 2 (acac)), organometallic iridium complexes having a pyrimidine skeleton such as, (Acetylacetonato)bis(3,5-dimethyl-2-phenylpyrazinato )iridium(III) (abbreviation: Ir(mppr-Me) 2 (acac)), (acetyl acetonato)bis(5-isopropyl-3-methyl-2-phenylpyrazinato)iridium (III) (abbreviation: Ir(mppr-iPr) 2 (acac)), organometallic iridium complexes having a pyrazine skeleton such as, Tris(2-phenylpyridinato-N,C 2’ ) Iridium(III) (abbreviation: Ir(ppy) 3 ), Bis(2-phenylpyridinato-N ,C 2’ )iridium(III) acetylacetonate (abbreviation: Ir(ppy) 2 (ac ac)), Bis(benzo[h]quinolinato)iridium(III) acetylacetonate (abbreviation: Ir(bzq) 2 (acac)), Tris(benzo[h]quinolinato)iridium (III) (abbreviation: Ir(bzq) 3 ), Tris(2-phenylquinolinato-N,C 2 ’ )iridium(III) (abbreviation: Ir(pq) 3 ), Bis(2-phenylquinolinato- N,C 2’ )iridium(III) acetylacetonate (abbreviation: Ir(pq) 2 (ac Organometallic iridium complexes having a pyridine skeleton such as ac)), and bis(2,4-dif enyl-1,3-oxazolato-N,C 2’ )iridium(III) acetylacetonate (abbreviation: Ir(dpo) 2 (acac)), bis{2-[4'-(perfluorophenyl l)phenyl]pyridinato-N,C 2’}iridium(III) acetylacetonate( abbreviation: Ir(p-PF-ph) 2 (acac)), bis(2-phenylbenzothiazolato -N,C 2’ )iridium(III) acetylacetonate (abbreviation: Ir(bt) 2 (a cac)) and other organometallic iridium complexes, tris(acetylacetonato)(monophen anthroline) terbium(III) (abbreviation: Tb(acac) 3 (Phen)) are listed. Among the above, organometallic iri dium complexes having a pyrimidine skeleton are particularly preferable because they are outstanding in terms of reliability and luminous efficiency.

[0105] In addition, substances having a luminescence peak in yellow or red, for example, (diisobutyryl methanato)bis[4,6-bis(3-methylphenyl)pyrimidinato]iridium(II I) (abbreviation: Ir(5mdppm) 2 (dibm)), bis[4,6-bis(3-methyl phenyl)pyrimidinato](dipivaloylmethanato)iridium(III) (abbreviation: Ir (5mdppm) 2 (dpm)), bis[4,6-di(naphthalen-1-yl)pyrimidi nato](dipivaloylmethanato)iridium(III) (abbreviation: Ir(d1npm) 2 ( Organometallic iridium complexes with pyrimidine skeletons such as (acetylacetamide) Iridium(III) r(tppr) 2 (acac)), bis(2,3,5-triphenylpyrazinate)(dipyridine) Valoylmethanato)iridium(III) (abbreviation: Ir(tppr) 2 (dpm)), ( Acetylacetonato)bis[2,3-bis(4-fluorophenyl)quinoxalinato]i Ir(Fdpq) 2 (acac)) Organometallic iridium complexes and tris(1-phenylisoquinolinato-N,C 2’ ) Iridium(III) (abbreviation: Ir(piq) 3 ), bis(1-phenylisoquinolinato -N,C 2’ ) Iridium(III) acetylacetonate (abbreviation: Ir(piq) 2 ( In addition to organometallic iridium complexes with pyridine skeletons such as acac), 2,3,7, 8,12,13,17,18-Octaethyl-21H,23H-porphyrin platinum(II) ) (abbreviation: PtOEP) and tris(1,3-diphenyl-1,3-propanediol). (Eu(DB))(monophenanthroline)europium(III) M) 3 (Phen)), tris[1-(2-thenoyl)-3,3,3-trifluoroacetate [Tonato](monophenanthroline)europium(III)(abbreviation: Eu(TTA) 3 ( Among the above, rare earth metal complexes such as pyrimidine skeletons are Organometallic iridium complexes having the above structure are particularly preferred because they are extremely reliable and have excellent luminous efficiency. Moreover, an organometallic iridium complex having a pyrazine skeleton can obtain good chromaticity red light emission.

[0106] As the light-emitting material contained in the light-emitting layer 130, any material that can convert triplet excitation energy into light emission is preferable. Examples of materials that can convert triplet excitation energy into light emission include phosphorescent compounds and TADF materials. Therefore, the part described as a phosphorescent compound may be read as a thermally activated delayed fluorescence material. Note that a thermally activated delayed fluorescence material has a small energy difference between the triplet excitation energy level and the singlet excitation energy level, and has a function of converting energy from the triplet excited state to the singlet excited state by reverse intersystem crossing. Therefore, up-conversion (reverse intersystem crossing) from the triplet excited state to the singlet excited state is possible with a small amount of thermal energy, and light emission (fluorescence) from the singlet excited state can be efficiently exhibited. Further, as conditions for efficiently obtaining thermally activated delayed fluorescence, the energy difference between the triplet excitation energy level and the singlet excitation energy level is preferably greater than 0 eV and 0.2 eV or less, more preferably greater than 0 eV and 0.1 eV or less.

[0107] When the thermally activated delayed fluorescence material is composed of one type of material, for example, the following materials can be used.

[0108] First, fullerenes and their derivatives, acridine derivatives such as proflavine, and eosin can be mentioned. Also, metals containing magnesium (Mg), zinc (Zn), cadmium (Cd), tin (Sn), platinum (Pt), indium (In), or palladium (Pd), etc. ​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​Examples include porphyrins. Examples of the metal-containing porphyrins include, for example, protoporph yrin-tin fluoride complex (SnF 2 (Proto IX)), mesoporphyrin-tin fluoride complex (SnF (Meso IX)), hematoporphyrin-tin fluoride complex (Sn 2 F 2 (Hemato IX)), coproporphyrin tetramethyl ester-tin fluoride complex (SnF 2 (Copro III-4Me)), octaethylporphyrin-tin fluoride complex (SnF 2 (OEP)), etioporphyrin-tin fluoride complex (SnF 2 (E tio I)), octaethylporphyrin-platinum chloride complex (PtCl 2 OEP), etc. are exemplified.

[0109] In addition, as a thermally activated delayed fluorescence material composed of a single material, a heterocyclic compound having a π-electron rich heteroaromatic ring and a π-electron deficient heteroaromatic ring can also be used. Specifically 2-(biphenyl-4-yl)-4,6-bis(12-phenylindolo[2,3- a]carbazol-11-yl)-1,3,5-triazine (abbreviation: PIC-TRZ), 2-{4-[3-(N-phenyl-9H-carbazol-3-yl)-9H-carbazol yl-9-yl]phenyl}-4,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-triazine (abbreviation: PC CzPTzn), 2-[4-(10H-phenoxazine-10-yl)phenyl]-4, 6-diphenyl-1,3,5-triazine (abbreviation: PXZ-TRZ), 3-[4-(5- phenyl-5,10-dihydrophenazin-10-yl)phenyl]-4,5-diphenyl ​​1,2,4-triazole (abbreviation: PPZ-3TPT), 3-(9,9-dimethyl- 9H-acridin-10-yl)-9H-xanthen-9-one (abbreviation: ACRXTN) , bis[4-(9,9-dimethyl-9,10-dihydroacridin)phenyl]sulfone (abbreviation: DMAC-DPS), 10-phenyl-10H,10’H-spiro[acridine -9,9’-anthracene]-10’-one (abbreviation: ACRSA), and the like. The complex ring compound has a π-electron excess type heteroaromatic ring and a π-electron deficient type heteroaromatic ring, so it has high electron transportability and hole transportability, which is preferable. Among them, among the skeletons having a π-electron deficient type heteroaromatic ring , a diazine skeleton (pyrimidine skeleton, pyrazine skeleton, pyridazine skeleton), or a tri azine skeleton is preferable because it is stable and has good reliability. Also, among the skeletons having a π-electron excess type heteroaromatic ring , an acridine skeleton, a phenoxazine skeleton, a thiophene skeleton, a furan skeleton , and a pyrrole skeleton are stable and have good reliability, so it is preferable to have any one or more selected from among these skeletons . As the pyrrole skeleton, an indole skeleton, a carbazole skeleton, and a 3-(9-phenyl-9H-carbazol-3-yl)- 9H-carbazole skeleton are particularly preferable. Note that a substance in which a π-electron excess type heteroaromatic ring and a π-electron deficient type heteroaromatic ring are directly bonded has both strong donor properties of the π-electron excess type heteroaromatic ring and acceptor properties of the π-electron deficient type heteroaromatic ring, and the difference between the energy level of the singlet excited state and the energy level of the triplet excited state becomes small, so it is particularly preferable.

[0110] Also, in the light emitting layer 130, it may have a material other than the host material 131 and the guest material 132 .

[0111] The materials that can be used in the light-emitting layer 130 are not particularly limited. For example, anth racene derivatives, phenanthrene derivatives, pyrene derivatives, chrysene derivatives, dibenzo[g, p]chrysene derivatives and other condensed polycyclic aromatic compounds can be mentioned. Specifically, 9,10-dif enylanthracene (abbreviation: DPAnth), 6,12-dimethoxy-5,11-dif enylchrysene, 9,10-bis(3,5-diphenylphenyl)anthracene (abbreviation: D PPA), 9,10-di(2-naphthyl)anthracene (abbreviation: DNA), 2-tert -butyl-9,10-di(2-naphthyl)anthracene (abbreviation: t-BuDNA), 9, 9’-bianthryl (abbreviation: BANT), 9,9’-(stilbene-3,3’-diyl) diphenanthrene (abbreviation: DPNS), 9,9’-(stilbene-4,4’-diyl)di phenanthrene (abbreviation: DPNS2), 1,3,5-tri(1-pyrenyl)benzene (abbre viation: TPB3) and the like can be mentioned. Further, from among these and known substances, a substance having a singlet excitation energy level or a triplet excitation energy level higher than the excitation energy level of the guest material 132 may be selected and used singly or in combination of two or more.

[0112] In addition, for example, a compound having a heteroaromatic skeleton such as an oxadiazole derivative can be used in the light-emitting layer 1 30. Specifically, for example, 2-(4-biphenylyl)-5-(4 -tert-butylphenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole (abbreviation: PBD), 1 ,3-bis[5-(p-tert-butylphenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole- 2-yl]benzene (abbreviation: OXD-7), 9-[4-(5-phenyl-1,3,4-o [[2-(1,3-Dioxolan-2-yl)phenyl]-9H-carbazole (abbreviation: CO11), 4, 4'-bis(5-methylbenzoxazol-2-yl)stilbene (abbreviation: BzOs) and other heterocyclic compounds can be mentioned.

[0113] In addition, a metal complex having a heterocyclic ring (for example, a zinc and aluminum-based metal complex) etc. can be used for the light-emitting layer 130. For example, a metal complex having a quinoline ligand, a benzoquinoline ligand, an oxa azole ligand, or a thiazole ligand can be mentioned. Specifically , for example, tris(8-quinolinolato)aluminum(III) (abbreviation: Alq), tris (4-methyl-8-quinolinolato)aluminum(III) (abbreviation: Almq 3 ), bis (10-hydroxybenzo[h]quinolinato)beryllium(II) (abbreviation: BeBq 2 ), bis(2-methyl-8-quinolinolato)(4-phenylphenolato)aluminum( III) (abbreviation: BAlq), bis(8-quinolinolato)zinc(II) (abbreviation: Znq) etc., metal complexes having a quinoline skeleton or a benzoquinoline skeleton etc. can be mentioned. Also, in addition, bis[2-(2-benzoxazolyl)phenolato]zinc(II) (abbreviation: ZnP BO), bis[2-(2-benzothiazolyl)phenolato]zinc(II) (abbreviation: ZnB TZ) etc. metal complexes having an oxazole-based or thiazole-based ligand can also be used .

[0114] Note that the light-emitting layer 130 can also be composed of two or more layers. For example, when the first light-emitting layer and the second light-emitting layer are laminated in order from the hole transport layer side to form the light-emitting layer 130, the first A substance having hole-transporting properties is used as the host material of the light-emitting layer, and a substance having electron-transporting properties is used as the host material of the second light-emitting layer There is a configuration in which such a substance is used. Also, the light-emitting materials of the first light-emitting layer and the second light-emitting layer may be the same material or different materials, and may be materials having a function of emitting light of the same color or materials having a function of emitting light of different colors By using light-emitting materials having functions of emitting lights of different colors in the two light-emitting layers respectively, a plurality of emissions can be obtained simultaneously. In particular, it is preferable to select the light-emitting materials used in each light-emitting layer so that the emissions exhibited by the two light-emitting layers become white

[0115] Note that the light-emitting layer 130 can be formed by a method such as a vapor deposition method (including a vacuum vapor deposition method), an inkjet method, a coating method, a gravure printing method, etc. Also, in addition to the materials described above, it may have an inorganic compound such as a quantum dot or a polymer compound (oligomer, dendrimer, polymer, etc.)

[0116] ≪Hole injection layer≫ The hole injection layer 111 has a function of promoting hole injection by reducing the hole injection barrier from one of the pair of electrodes (electrode 101 or electrode 102), and is formed by, for example, a transition metal oxide, a phthalocyanine derivative, or an aromatic amine Examples of the transition metal oxide include molybdenum oxide, vanadium oxide, ruthenium oxide, tungsten oxide , and manganese oxide. Examples of the phthalocyanine derivative include phthalocyanine and metal phthalocyanine. Examples of the aromatic amine include benzidine derivatives and phenylenediamine derivatives. Polymer compounds such as polythiophene and polyaniline ​​​​​​​​A substance can also be used, for example, poly(ethylenedioxy thiophene) / poly(styrenesulfonic acid), which is self-doped polythiophene, is a typical example thereof.

[0117] As the hole injection layer 111, a layer having a composite material of a hole transporting material and a material showing electron accepting property with respect to this can also be used. Alternatively, a laminate of a layer containing a material showing electron accepting property and a layer containing a hole transporting material may be used. Charge transfer is possible between these materials in a steady state or in the presence of an electric field. Examples of the material showing electron accepting property include organic acceptors such as quinodimethane derivatives, chloranil derivatives, and hexaazatriphenylene derivatives. Specifically, compounds having an electron withdrawing group (halogen group or cyano group) such as 7,7,8,8-tetracyano-2,3,5,6-tetrafluorobenzoquinodimethane (abbreviation: F-TCNQ), chloranil, 2,3,6,7,10,11-hexacyano-1,4,5,8,9,12-hexaazatriphenylene (abbreviation: HAT-CN) can be mentioned. In addition, transition metal oxides, for example, oxides of metals from Group 4 to Group 8 can be used. Specifically, vanadium oxide, niobium oxide, tantalum oxide, chromium oxide, molybdenum oxide, tungsten oxide, manganese oxide, rhenium oxide, etc. Among them, molybdenum oxide is preferable because it is stable in the air, has low hygroscopicity, and is easy to handle. As the hole transporting material, a material having higher hole transporting property than electrons can be used, and it is preferably a material having a hole mobility of 1×10 cm / Vs or more. Specifically 4 -TCNQ), chloranil, 2,3,6,7, 10,11-hexacyano-1,4,5,8,9,12-hexaazatriphenylene (abbreviation : HAT-CN), etc. are compounds having an electron withdrawing group (halogen group or cyano group). In addition, transition metal oxides, for example, oxides of metals from Group 4 to Group 8 can be used. Specifically are vanadium oxide, niobium oxide, tantalum oxide, chromium oxide, molybdenum oxide, tungsten oxide, manganese oxide, rhenium oxide, etc. Among them, molybdenum oxide is preferable because it is stable in the air, has low hygroscopicity, and is easy to handle.

[0118] As the hole transporting material, a material having higher hole transporting property than electrons can be used, and it is preferably a material having a hole mobility of 1×10 ×10 -6 cm 2 / Vs or more. Specifically Examples of hole transporting materials that can be used in the light emitting layer 130 include aromatic amines, carbazoles, derivatives, aromatic hydrocarbons, stilbene derivatives, etc. Further, the hole transporting material may be a polymer compound.

[0119] Other examples of hole transporting materials include aromatic hydrocarbons, such as 2-tert -butyl-9,10-di(2-naphthyl)anthracene (abbreviation: t-BuDNA), 2- tert-butyl-9,10-di(1-naphthyl)anthracene, 9,10-bis(3, 5-diphenylphenyl)anthracene (abbreviation: DPPA), 2-tert-butyl-9 ,10-bis(4-phenylphenyl)anthracene (abbreviation: t-BuDBA), 9,1 0-di(2-naphthyl)anthracene (abbreviation: DNA), 9,10-diphenylanthra cene (abbreviation: DPAnth), 2-tert-butylanthracene (abbreviation: t-BuAn th), 9,10-bis(4-methyl-1-naphthyl)anthracene (abbreviation: DMNA) , 2-tert-butyl-9,10-bis[2-(1-naphthyl)phenyl]anthracene ne, 9,10-bis[2-(1-naphthyl)phenyl]anthracene, 2,3,6,7- tetramethyl-9,10-di(1-naphthyl)anthracene, 2,3,6,7-tetrameth yl-9,10-di(2-naphthyl)anthracene, 9,9’-bianthryl, 10,1 0’-diphenyl-9,9’-bianthryl, 10,10’-bis(2-phenylphenyl yl)-9,9’-bianthryl, 10,10’-bis[(2,3,4,5,6-pentaflu enyl)phenyl]-9,9’-bianthryl, anthracene, tetracene, rubrene, Examples include perylene, 2,5,8,11 - tetra(tert - butyl)perylene, etc. Also, in addition, pentacene, coronene, etc. can also be used. Thus, it is more -6 cm 2 preferred to use an aromatic hydrocarbon having a hole mobility of 1×10 / Vs or more and having 14 to 42 carbon atoms.

[0120] Note that the aromatic hydrocarbon may have a vinyl skeleton. Examples of the aromatic hydrocarbon having a vinyl group include, for example, 4,4’ - bis(2,2 - diphenylvinyl)biphenyl (abbreviation: DPVBi), 9,10 - bis[4 - (2,2 - diphenylvinyl)phenyl] anthracene (abbreviation: DPVPA), etc.

[0121] Also, 4 - {3 - [3 - (9 - phenyl - 9H - fluorene - 9 - yl)phenyl]phenyl}dibenzofuran (abbreviation: mmDBFFLBi - II), 4,4’,4’’ - (benzene - 1,3,5 - triyl)tri(dibenzofuran) (abbreviation: DBF3P - II), 1,3,5 - tri(dibenzothiophen - 4 - yl)benzene (abbreviation: DBT3P - II ), 2,8 - diphenyl - 4 - [4 - (9 - phenyl - 9H - fluorene - 9 - yl)phenyl]dibenzothiophene (abbreviation: DBTFLP - III), 4 - [4 - (9 - phenyl - 9H - fluorene - 9 - yl)phenyl] - 6 - phenyldibenzothiophene (abbreviation : DBTFLP - IV), 4 - [3 - (triphenylene - 2 - yl)phenyl]dibenzothiophene (abbreviation: mDBTPTp - II) and other thiophene compounds, furan compounds, fluorene compounds, triphenylene compounds, phenanthrene compounds, etc. can be used. Among the above-described compounds, compounds having a pyrrole skeleton, a furan skeleton, a thiophene skeleton, or an aromatic amine skeleton are preferable because they are stable and have good reliability. Further, the compounds having such a skeleton have high hole transportability and contribute to a reduction in driving voltage. Also, the compounds having such a skeleton have high hole transportability and contribute to a reduction in driving voltage.

[0122] ≪Hole Transport Layer≫ The hole transport layer 112 is a layer containing a hole transporting material, and the hole transporting materials exemplified as the material of the hole injection layer 111 can be used. Since the hole transport layer 112 has a function of transporting holes injected into the hole injection layer 111 to the light emitting layer 130, it preferably has the same or a similar HOMO (Highest Occupied Molecular Orbital) level as that of the hole injection layer 111. O (also referred to as the highest occupied orbital) level.

[0123] Also, it is preferably a substance having a hole mobility of 1×10 -6 cm 2 / Vs or more. However, as long as it is a substance having higher hole transportability than electrons, other substances may be used. Note that the layer containing a substance having high hole transportability may be not only a single layer but also two or more layers of the above substances stacked.

[0124] ≪Electron Transport Layer≫ The electron transport layer 118 has a function of transporting electrons injected from the other of the pair of electrodes (electrode 101 or electrode 102) through the electron injection layer 119 to the light emitting layer 130. As the electron transporting material, a material having higher electron transportability than holes can be used, and it is preferably a material having an electron mobility of 1×10 cm -6 2 / Vs or more. A compound that easily receives electrons As the substance (a material having electron transporting property), a π-electron deficient type such as a nitrogen-containing heteroaromatic compound a heteroaromatic or a metal complex can be used. Specifically, the pyridine derivative, bipyridine derivative, pyrimidine derivative, triazine derivative, quinoxaline derivative, dibenzoquinoxaline derivative, phenanthroline derivative, triazole derivative, benzimidazole derivative, oxadiazole derivative, etc. which were cited as the electron transporting materials that can be used for the light emitting layer 130 are listed. Further, it is preferable that the substance has an electron mobility of 1×10 -6 cm 2 / Vs or more. In addition, as long as it is a substance having higher electron transporting property than holes, substances other than the above can be used as the electron transport layer. Further, the electron transport layer 118 may be not only a single layer but also two or more layers of layers made of the above substances may be laminated.

[0125] In addition, a metal complex having a heterocyclic ring is listed. For example, a metal complex having a quinoline ligand, a benzoquinoline ligand, an oxazole ligand, or a thiazole ligand is listed. Specifically, for example, tris(8-quinolinolato)aluminum(III) (abbreviation: A lq), tris(4-methyl-8-quinolinolato)aluminum(III) (abbreviation: Al mq 3 ), bis(10-hydroxybenzo[h]quinolinato)beryllium(II) (abbreviation :BeBq 2 ), bis(2-methyl-8-quinolinolato)(4-phenylphenolato)a luminum(III) (abbreviation: BAlq), bis(8-quinolinolato)zinc(II) (abbreviation :Znq), etc., metal complexes having a quinoline skeleton or a benzoquinoline skeleton are listed. In addition, bis[2-(2-benzoxazolyl)phenolato]zinc(II) ( Abbreviation: ZnPBO), bis[2-(2-benzothiazolyl)phenolato]zinc(II)( Metal complexes with oxazole or thiazole ligands such as ZnBTZ Also, the following can be used.

[0126] In addition, a layer for controlling the movement of electron carriers is provided between the electron transport layer 118 and the light emitting layer 130. This is a material having a high electron transporting property and a material having a high electron trapping property. A layer in which a small amount of Zn is added, which suppresses the movement of electron carriers, thereby reducing carrier dispersion. This structure allows the electron transport property of the electron transport material to be adjusted. Problems that occur when the hole transporting property of the hole transporting material is significantly higher than that of the hole transporting material (e.g., shortening of device life). It is highly effective in suppressing

[0127] ≪Electron injection layer≫ The electron injection layer 119 promotes electron injection by reducing the electron injection barrier from the electrode 102. For example, Group 1 metals, Group 2 metals, or their oxides and halides In addition, the above-mentioned electron transporting material and the corresponding electron A composite material of a material exhibiting electron donating properties can also be used. Examples of the metal include Group 1 metals, Group 2 metals, and oxides thereof. Lithium fluoride (LiF), sodium fluoride (NaF), and cesium fluoride (CsF ), calcium fluoride (CaF 2 ), lithium oxide (LiO x ) and other alkaline gold Metals, alkaline earth metals, or compounds thereof can be used. ErF 3A rare earth metal compound such as 119 may use an electride. Examples of the electride include a substance obtained by adding electrons to a mixed oxide of calcium and aluminum at a high concentration. Further, a substance that can be used in the electron transport layer 118 may be used for the electron injection layer 119.

[0128] In addition, a composite material formed by mixing an organic compound and an electron donor may be used for the electron injection layer 119. Since electrons are generated in the organic compound by the electron donor, such a composite material is excellent in electron injection property and electron transport property. In this case, the organic compound is preferably a material excellent in transporting the generated electrons. Specifically, for example, a substance (such as a metal complex or a heteroaromatic compound) constituting the above-described electron transport layer 118 can be used. As the electron donor, any substance that exhibits electron-donating properties with respect to the organic compound may be used. Specifically, alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, and rare earth metals are preferable, and examples include lithium, sodium, cesium, magnesium, calcium, erbium, ytterbium, etc. Further, alkali metal oxides and alkaline earth metal oxides are preferable, and examples include lithium oxide, calcium oxide, barium oxide, etc. In addition, a Lewis salt group such as magnesium oxide can also be used. Further, an organic compound such as tetrathiafulvalene (abbreviation: TTF) can also be used.

[0129] Note that the above-described light-emitting layer, hole injection layer, hole transport layer, electron transport layer, and electron injection layer are each formed by a vapor deposition method (including a vacuum vapor deposition method), an inkjet method, a coating method, a gravure printing method, etc. It can be formed by a method. Also, in addition to the materials described above, for the light-emitting layer, hole injection layer, hole transport layer, electron transport layer, and electron injection layer, inorganic compounds such as quantum dots and high molecular compounds (oligomers, dendrimers, polymers, etc.) may be used.

[0130] ≪Quantum Dots≫ Quantum dots are semiconductor nanocrystals with sizes ranging from several nanometers to several tens of nanometers, and are composed of about 3 from 1×10 to 1×10 6 atoms. Since the energy of quantum dots shifts depending on their size, even quantum dots composed of the same substance have different emission wavelengths depending on their size. Therefore, by changing the size of the quantum dots used, the emission wavelength can be easily changed. Also, since quantum dots have a narrow peak width in the emission spectrum, emission with good color purity can be obtained. Furthermore, the theoretical internal quantum efficiency of quantum dots is said to be almost 100%, which is much higher than 25% of organic compounds exhibiting fluorescence emission and is equivalent to that of organic compounds exhibiting phosphorescence emission. From this, by using quantum dots as a light-emitting material, a light-emitting device with high emission efficiency can be obtained. Moreover, since quantum dots, which are inorganic materials, are also excellent in their inherent stability, a preferable light-emitting device can be obtained from the perspective of lifespan.

[0131]

[0132] As materials constituting quantum dots, Group 14 elements, Group 15 elements, Group 16 elements, compounds composed of plural Group 14 elements, compounds of elements belonging to Groups 4 to 14 and Group 16 elements, compounds of Group 2 elements and Group 16 elements, and compounds of Group 13 elements and Group 15 elements ​ , compounds of Group 13 elements and Group 17 elements, compounds of Group 14 elements and Group 15 elements, the compounds of Group 11 elements and Group 17 elements, iron oxides, titanium oxides, chalcogenide spinels, semiconductor clusters, etc. can be mentioned.

[0133] Specifically, cadmium selenide, cadmium sulfide, cadmium telluride, zinc selenide, zinc oxide, zinc sulfide, zinc telluride, mercury sulfide, mercury selenide, mercury telluride, indium arsenide, indium phosphide, gallium arsenide, gallium phosphide, indium nitride, gallium nitride, indium antimonide, gallium antimonide, aluminum phosphide, aluminum arsenide, aluminum antimonide, lead selenide, lead telluride, lead sulfide, indium selenide, indium telluride, indium sulfide, gallium selenide, arsenic sulfide, arsenic selenide, arsenic telluride, antimony sulfide, antimony selenide, antimony telluride, bismuth sulfide, bismuth selenide, bismuth telluride, silicon, silicon carbide, germanium, tin, selenium, tellurium, boron, carbon, phosphorus, boron nitride, boron phosphide, boron arsenide, aluminum nitride, aluminum sulfide, barium sulfide, barium selenide, barium telluride, calcium sulfide, calcium selenide, calcium telluride, beryllium sulfide, beryllium selenide, beryllium telluride, magnesium sulfide, magnesium selenide, germanium sulfide, germanium selenide, germanium telluride, tin sulfide, tin selenide, tin telluride, lead oxide, copper fluoride, copper chloride, copper bromide, copper iodide, copper oxide, copper selenide, copper oxide, nickel oxide, cobalt oxide, cobalt sulfide, iron oxide, iron sulfide, manganese oxide, molybdenum sulfide, ​​Den, vanadium oxide, tungsten oxide, tantalum oxide, titanium oxide, zirconium oxide Silicon nitride, germanium nitride, aluminum oxide, barium titanate, compounds of selenium and arsenic and lead, compounds of cadmium and selenium and sulfur Compounds of cadmium and selenium and tellurium, compounds of indium and gallium and arsenic, compounds of indium and gallium and selenium, compounds of indium and selenium and sulfur, compounds of copper and indium and sulfur, and combinations thereof, etc. can be mentioned, but are not limited thereto. Also, so-called alloy-type quantum dots whose composition is represented by an arbitrary ratio can also be used. For example, alloy-type quantum dots of cadmium, selenium, and sulfur can change the emission wavelength by changing the content ratio of the elements, so it is one of the effective means to obtain blue emission. Compounds of cadmium and selenium and tellurium, compounds of indium and gallium and arsenic, compounds of indium and gallium and selenium, compounds of indium and selenium and sulfur, compounds of copper and indium and sulfur, and combinations thereof, etc. can be mentioned, but are not limited thereto. Also, so-called alloy-type quantum dots whose composition is represented by an arbitrary ratio can also be used. For example, alloy-type quantum dots of cadmium, selenium, and sulfur can change the emission wavelength by changing the content ratio of the elements, so it is one of the effective means to obtain blue emission. Compounds of cadmium and selenium and tellurium, compounds of indium and gallium and arsenic, compounds of indium and gallium and selenium, compounds of indium and selenium and sulfur, compounds of copper and indium and sulfur, and combinations thereof, etc. can be mentioned, but are not limited thereto. Also, so-called alloy-type quantum dots whose composition is represented by an arbitrary ratio can also be used. For example, alloy-type quantum dots of cadmium, selenium, and sulfur can change the emission wavelength by changing the content ratio of the elements, so it is one of the effective means to obtain blue emission. Compounds of cadmium and selenium and tellurium, compounds of indium and gallium and arsenic, compounds of indium and gallium and selenium, compounds of indium and selenium and sulfur, compounds of copper and indium and sulfur, and combinations thereof, etc. can be mentioned, but are not limited thereto. Also, so-called alloy-type quantum dots whose composition is represented by an arbitrary ratio can also be used. For example, alloy-type quantum dots of cadmium, selenium, and sulfur can change the emission wavelength by changing the content ratio of the elements, so it is one of the effective means to obtain blue emission. Compounds of cadmium and selenium and tellurium, compounds of indium and gallium and arsenic, compounds of indium and gallium and selenium, compounds of indium and selenium and sulfur, compounds of copper and indium and sulfur, and combinations thereof, etc. can be mentioned, but are not limited thereto. Also, so-called alloy-type quantum dots whose composition is represented by an arbitrary ratio can also be used. For example, alloy-type quantum dots of cadmium, selenium, and sulfur can change the emission wavelength by changing the content ratio of the elements, so it is one of the effective means to obtain blue emission. Compounds of cadmium and selenium and tellurium, compounds of indium and gallium and arsenic, compounds of indium and gallium and selenium, compounds of indium and selenium and sulfur, compounds of copper and indium and sulfur, and combinations thereof, etc. can be mentioned, but are not limited thereto. Also, so-called alloy-type quantum dots whose composition is represented by an arbitrary ratio can also be used. For example, alloy-type quantum dots of cadmium, selenium, and sulfur can change the emission wavelength by changing the content ratio of the elements, so it is one of the effective means to obtain blue emission. Compounds of cadmium and selenium and tellurium, compounds of indium and gallium and arsenic, compounds of indium and gallium and selenium, compounds of indium and selenium and sulfur, compounds of copper and indium and sulfur, and combinations thereof, etc. can be mentioned, but are not limited thereto. Also, so-called alloy-type quantum dots whose composition is represented by an arbitrary ratio can also be used. For example, alloy-type quantum dots of cadmium, selenium, and sulfur can change the emission wavelength by changing the content ratio of the elements, so it is one of the effective means to obtain blue emission. Compounds of cadmium and selenium and tellurium, compounds of indium and gallium and arsenic, compounds of indium and gallium and selenium, compounds of indium and selenium and sulfur, compounds of copper and indium and sulfur, and combinations thereof, etc. can be mentioned, but are not limited thereto. Also, so-called alloy-type quantum dots whose composition is represented by an arbitrary ratio can also be used. For example, alloy-type quantum dots of cadmium, selenium, and sulfur can change the emission wavelength by changing the content ratio of the elements, so it is one of the effective means to obtain blue emission.

[0134] The structures of quantum dots include core type, core-shell type, core-multishell type, etc., and any of them can be used. However, by forming a shell with another inorganic material having a wider bandgap covering the core, the defects and dangling bonds existing on the surface of the nanocrystal can be reduced. As a result, the quantum efficiency of emission is greatly improved, so it is preferable to use core-shell type or core-multishell type quantum dots. Examples of the shell material include zinc sulfide and zinc oxide. The structures of quantum dots include core type, core-shell type, core-multishell type, etc., and any of them can be used. However, by forming a shell with another inorganic material having a wider bandgap covering the core, the defects and dangling bonds existing on the surface of the nanocrystal can be reduced. As a result, the quantum efficiency of emission is greatly improved, so it is preferable to use core-shell type or core-multishell type quantum dots. Examples of the shell material include zinc sulfide and zinc oxide. The structures of quantum dots include core type, core-shell type, core-multishell type, etc., and any of them can be used. However, by forming a shell with another inorganic material having a wider bandgap covering the core, the defects and dangling bonds existing on the surface of the nanocrystal can be reduced. As a result, the quantum efficiency of emission is greatly improved, so it is preferable to use core-shell type or core-multishell type quantum dots. Examples of the shell material include zinc sulfide and zinc oxide. The structures of quantum dots include core type, core-shell type, core-multishell type, etc., and any of them can be used. However, by forming a shell with another inorganic material having a wider bandgap covering the core, the defects and dangling bonds existing on the surface of the nanocrystal can be reduced. As a result, the quantum efficiency of emission is greatly improved, so it is preferable to use core-shell type or core-multishell type quantum dots. Examples of the shell material include zinc sulfide and zinc oxide. The structures of quantum dots include core type, core-shell type, core-multishell type, etc., and any of them can be used. However, by forming a shell with another inorganic material having a wider bandgap covering the core, the defects and dangling bonds existing on the surface of the nanocrystal can be reduced. As a result, the quantum efficiency of emission is greatly improved, so it is preferable to use core-shell type or core-multishell type quantum dots. Examples of the shell material include zinc sulfide and zinc oxide. The structures of quantum dots include core type, core-shell type, core-multishell type, etc., and any of them can be used. However, by forming a shell with another inorganic material having a wider bandgap covering the core, the defects and dangling bonds existing on the surface of the nanocrystal can be reduced. As a result, the quantum efficiency of emission is greatly improved, so it is preferable to use core-shell type or core-multishell type quantum dots. Examples of the shell material include zinc sulfide and zinc oxide.

[0135] Also, since quantum dots have a high proportion of surface atoms, they are highly reactive and prone to aggregation. Therefore, it is preferable that a protective agent is attached to or a protective group is provided on the surface of the quantum dots. By having the protective agent attached or the protective group provided, Also, since quantum dots have a high proportion of surface atoms, they are highly reactive and prone to aggregation. Therefore, it is preferable that a protective agent is attached to or a protective group is provided on the surface of the quantum dots. By having the protective agent attached or the protective group provided, Also, since quantum dots have a high proportion of surface atoms, they are highly reactive and prone to aggregation. Therefore, it is preferable that a protective agent is attached to or a protective group is provided on the surface of the quantum dots. By having the protective agent attached or the protective group provided, It can prevent aggregation and enhance solubility in the solvent. It can also reduce reactivity and improve electrical stability. Examples of the protecting agent (or protecting group) include polyoxy ethylene lauryl ether, polyoxyethylene stearyl ether, polyoxyethylene oleyl ether and other polyoxyethylene alkyl ethers, tripropylphosphine , tributylphosphine, trihexylphosphine, trioctylphosphine and other trialkylphosphines, polyoxyethylene n-octylphenyl ether, polyoxy ethylene n-nonylphenyl ether and other polyoxyethylene alkylphenyl ethers , tri(n-hexyl)amine, tri(n-octyl)amine, tri(n-decyl )amine and other tertiary amines, tripropylphosphine oxide, tributylphosphine oxide, trihexylphosphine oxide, trioctylphosphine oxide, tridecyl phosphine oxide and other organophosphorus compounds, polyethylene glycol dilaurate, poly ethylene glycol distearate and other polyethylene glycol diesters, and organic nitrogen compounds such as nitrogen-containing aromatic compounds such as pyridine, lutidine, collidine, quinoline, , aminoalkanes such as hexylamine, octylamine, decylamine, dodecylamine, tetradecylamine, hexadecylamine, octadecylamine, etc., dialkyl sulfides such as dibutyl sulfide , dialkyl sulfoxides such as dimethyl sulfoxide and dibutyl sulfoxide, organic sulfur compounds such as sulfur-containing aromatic compounds such as thiophene, higher fatty acids such as palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, alcohols, sorbitan fatty acid esters , etc. Examples include stellanes, fatty acid-modified polyesters, tertiary amine-modified polyurethanes, polyethyleneimines, etc. and the like.

[0136] Since the band gap of quantum dots increases as their size decreases, the size of the quantum dots is appropriately adjusted so that light of a desired wavelength can be obtained. As the size of the crystal decreases, the emission of the quantum dots shifts to the blue side, that is, to the high-energy side. Therefore, by changing the size of the quantum dots, the emission wavelength can be adjusted over the wavelength ranges of the ultraviolet region, visible region, and infrared region. The size (diameter) of the quantum dots is usually preferably in the range of 0.5 nm to 20 nm, more preferably 1 nm to 10 nm. Note that the narrower the size distribution of the quantum dots, the narrower the emission spectrum becomes, and emission with good color purity can be obtained. Also, the shape of the quantum dots is not particularly limited and may be spherical, rod-shaped, disk-shaped, or other shapes. Note that quantum rods, which are rod-shaped quantum dots, have a function of exhibiting light with directivity. Therefore, by using quantum rods as the light-emitting material, a light-emitting device with better external quantum efficiency can be obtained. As the size of the crystal decreases, the emission of the quantum dots shifts to the blue side, that is, to the high-energy side. Therefore, by changing the size of the quantum dots, the emission wavelength can be adjusted over the wavelength ranges of the ultraviolet region, visible region, and infrared region. As the size of the crystal decreases, the emission of the quantum dots shifts to the blue side, that is, to the high-energy side. Therefore, by changing the size of the quantum dots, the emission wavelength can be adjusted over the wavelength ranges of the ultraviolet region, visible region, and infrared region. The size (diameter) of the quantum dots is usually preferably in the range of 0.5 nm to 20 nm, more preferably 1 nm to 10 nm. Note that the narrower the size distribution of the quantum dots, the narrower the emission spectrum becomes, and emission with good color purity can be obtained. Also, the shape of the quantum dots is not particularly limited and may be spherical, rod-shaped, disk-shaped, or other shapes. Note that the narrower the size distribution of the quantum dots, the narrower the emission spectrum becomes, and emission with good color purity can be obtained. Also, the shape of the quantum dots is not particularly limited and may be spherical, rod-shaped, disk-shaped, or other shapes. Note that quantum rods, which are rod-shaped quantum dots, have a function of exhibiting light with directivity. Therefore, by using quantum rods as the light-emitting material, a light-emitting device with better external quantum efficiency can be obtained. Therefore, by using quantum rods as the light-emitting material, a light-emitting device with better external quantum efficiency can be obtained.

[0137] By the way, in many cases, in an organic EL device, the light-emitting material is dispersed in a host material to suppress concentration quenching of the light-emitting material and thereby increase the light-emitting efficiency. The host material needs to be a material having a singlet excitation energy level or a triplet excitation energy level higher than that of the light-emitting material. In particular, when a blue phosphorescent material is used as the light-emitting material, a host material having a triplet excitation energy level higher than that and excellent in terms of lifetime is required, and its development is extremely difficult. By the way, in many cases, in an organic EL device, the light-emitting material is dispersed in a host material to suppress concentration quenching of the light-emitting material and thereby increase the light-emitting efficiency. The host material needs to be a material having a singlet excitation energy level or a triplet excitation energy level higher than that of the light-emitting material. In particular, when a blue phosphorescent material is used as the light-emitting material, a host material having a triplet excitation energy level higher than that and excellent in terms of lifetime is required, and its development is extremely difficult. In particular, when a blue phosphorescent material is used as the light-emitting material, a host material having a triplet excitation energy level higher than that and excellent in terms of lifetime is required, and its development is extremely difficult. Here, the quantum dots can form the light-emitting layer only with the quantum dots without using a host material, and can maintain the luminous efficiency even in this case. Therefore, from the viewpoint of lifetime, a light-emitting device that is favorable can be obtained. When forming the light-emitting layer only with the quantum dots, the quantum dots are preferably of a core-shell structure (including a core-multi-shell structure).

[0138] When using quantum dots as the light-emitting material of the light-emitting layer, the film thickness of the light-emitting layer is 3 nm to 100 n m, preferably 10 nm to 100 nm, and the content of the quantum dots in the light-emitting layer is 1 to 1 00% by volume. However, it is preferable to form the light-emitting layer only with the quantum dots. Note that when forming a light-emitting layer in which the quantum dots are dispersed in a host as the light-emitting material, the quantum dots are dispersed in the host material, or the host material and the quantum dots are dissolved or dispersed in an appropriate liquid medium and formed by a wet process (spin coating method, casting method, die coating method, blade coating method, roll coating method, inkjet method, printing method, spray coating method, curtain co ating method, Langmuir-Blodgett method, etc.). For a light-emitting layer using a phosphorescent light-emitting material, in addition to the above wet process, a vacuum evaporation method can also be suitably used.

[0139] Examples of the liquid medium used in the wet process include ketones such as methyl ethyl ketone and cyclohexanone, fatty acid esters such as ethyl acetate, halogenated hydrocarbons such as dichlorobenzene, aromatic hydrocarbons such as toluene, xylene, mesitylene, and cyclohexylbenzene, aliphatic hydrocarbons such as cyclohexane, decalin, and dodecane, and dimethylformamide. ​It is possible to use organic solvents such as N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). It is possible.

[0140] ≪Pair of electrodes≫ The electrode 101 and the electrode 102 have a function as an anode or a cathode of the light-emitting element. The electrodes 101 and 102 can be formed using metals, alloys, conductive compounds, and mixtures or laminates thereof, etc. It can be formed.

[0141] It is preferable that one of the electrode 101 or the electrode 102 is formed of a conductive material having a function of reflecting light. Examples of the conductive material include aluminum (Al) or an alloy containing Al, etc. Examples of the alloy containing Al include an alloy containing Al and L (L represents one or more of titanium (Ti), neodymium (Nd), nickel (Ni), and lanthanum (La)), etc., for example, an alloy containing Al and Ti, or an alloy containing Al and Ni and La. Aluminum has a low resistance value and a high light reflectance. Also, since aluminum is abundant in the earth's crust and is inexpensive, the manufacturing cost of the light-emitting element can be reduced by using aluminum. Also, an alloy containing silver (Ag) or an alloy containing Ag and N (N represents one or more of yttrium (Y), Nd, magnesium (Mg), ytterbium (Yb), Al, Ti, gallium (Ga), zinc (Zn), indium (In), tungsten (W), manganese (Mn), tin (Sn), iron (Fe), Ni, copper (Cu), palladium (Pd), iridium (Ir), or gold (Au)) can also be used. Examples of the alloy containing silver include an alloy containing silver, palladium, and copper, an alloy containing silver and copper, an alloy containing silver and magnesium, etc. It is preferable that one of the electrode 101 or the electrode 102 is formed of a conductive material having a function of reflecting light. Examples of the conductive material include aluminum (Al) or an alloy containing Al, etc. Examples of the alloy containing Al include an alloy containing Al and L (L represents one or more of titanium (Ti), neodymium (Nd), nickel (Ni), and lanthanum (La)), etc., for example, an alloy containing Al and Ti, or an alloy containing Al and Ni and La. Aluminum has a low resistance value and a high light reflectance. Also, since aluminum is abundant in the earth's crust and is inexpensive, the manufacturing cost of the light-emitting element can be reduced by using aluminum. Also, an alloy containing silver (Ag) or an alloy containing Ag and N (N represents one or more of yttrium (Y), Nd, magnesium (Mg), ytterbium (Yb), Al, Ti, gallium (Ga), zinc (Zn), indium (In), tungsten (W), manganese (Mn), tin (Sn), iron (Fe), Ni, copper (Cu), palladium (Pd), iridium (Ir), or gold (Au)) can also be used. Examples of the alloy containing silver include an alloy containing silver, palladium, and copper, an alloy containing silver and copper, an alloy containing silver and magnesium, etc. It is preferable that one of the electrode 101 or the electrode 102 is formed of a conductive material having a function of reflecting light. Examples of the conductive material include aluminum (Al) or an alloy containing Al, etc. Examples of the alloy containing Al include an alloy containing Al and L (L represents one or more of titanium (Ti), neodymium (Nd), nickel (Ni), and lanthanum (La)), etc., for example, an alloy containing Al and Ti, or an alloy containing Al and Ni and La. Aluminum has a low resistance value and a high light reflectance. Also, since aluminum is abundant in the earth's crust and is inexpensive, the manufacturing cost of the light-emitting element can be reduced by using aluminum. Also, an alloy containing silver (Ag) or an alloy containing Ag and N (N represents one or more of yttrium (Y), Nd, magnesium (Mg), ytterbium (Yb), Al, Ti, gallium (Ga), zinc (Zn), indium (In), tungsten (W), manganese (Mn), tin (Sn), iron (Fe), Ni, copper (Cu), palladium (Pd), iridium (Ir), or gold (Au)) can also be used. Examples of the alloy containing silver include an alloy containing silver, palladium, and copper, an alloy containing silver and copper, an alloy containing silver and magnesium, etc. It is preferable that one of the electrode 101 or the electrode 102 is formed of a conductive material having a function of reflecting light. Examples of the conductive material include aluminum (Al) or an alloy containing Al, etc. Examples of the alloy containing Al include an alloy containing Al and L (L represents one or more of titanium (Ti), neodymium (Nd), nickel (Ni), and lanthanum (La)), etc., for example, an alloy containing Al and Ti, or an alloy containing Al and Ni and La. Aluminum has a low resistance value and a high light reflectance. Also, since aluminum is abundant in the earth's crust and is inexpensive, the manufacturing cost of the light-emitting element can be reduced by using aluminum. Also, an alloy containing silver (Ag) or an alloy containing Ag and N (N represents one or more of yttrium (Y), Nd, magnesium (Mg), ytterbium (Yb), Al, Ti, gallium (Ga), zinc (Zn), indium (In), tungsten (W), manganese (Mn), tin (Sn), iron (Fe), Ni, copper (Cu), palladium (Pd), iridium (Ir), or gold (Au)) can also be used. Examples of the alloy containing silver include an alloy containing silver, palladium, and copper, an alloy containing silver and copper, an alloy containing silver and magnesium, etc. It is preferable that one of the electrode 101 or the electrode 102 is formed of a conductive material having a function of reflecting light. Examples of the conductive material include aluminum (Al) or an alloy containing Al, etc. Examples of the alloy containing Al include an alloy containing Al and L (L represents one or more of titanium (Ti), neodymium (Nd), nickel (Ni), and lanthanum (La)), etc., for example, an alloy containing Al and Ti, or an alloy containing Al and Ni and La. Aluminum has a low resistance value and a high light reflectance. Also, since aluminum is abundant in the earth's crust and is inexpensive, the manufacturing cost of the light-emitting element can be reduced by using aluminum. Also, an alloy containing silver (Ag) or an alloy containing Ag and N (N represents one or more of yttrium (Y), Nd, magnesium (Mg), ytterbium (Yb), Al, Ti, gallium (Ga), zinc (Zn), indium (In), tungsten (W), manganese (Mn), tin (Sn), iron (Fe), Ni, copper (Cu), palladium (Pd), iridium (Ir), or gold (Au)) can also be used. Examples of the alloy containing silver include an alloy containing silver, palladium, and copper, an alloy containing silver and copper, an alloy containing silver and magnesium, etc. Aluminum has a low resistance value and a high light reflectance. Also, since aluminum is abundant in the earth's crust and is inexpensive, the manufacturing cost of the light-emitting element can be reduced by using aluminum. Also, an alloy containing silver (Ag) or an alloy containing Ag and N (N represents one or more of yttrium (Y), Nd, magnesium (Mg), ytterbium (Yb), Al, Ti, gallium (Ga), zinc (Zn), indium (In), tungsten (W), manganese (Mn), tin (Sn), iron (Fe), Ni, copper (Cu), palladium (Pd), iridium (Ir), or gold (Au)) can also be used. Examples of the alloy containing silver include an alloy containing silver, palladium, and copper, an alloy containing silver and copper, an alloy containing silver and magnesium, etc. Aluminum has a low resistance value and a high light reflectance. Also, since aluminum is abundant in the earth's crust and is inexpensive, the manufacturing cost of the light-emitting element can be reduced by using aluminum. Also, an alloy containing silver (Ag) or an alloy containing Ag and N (N represents one or more of yttrium (Y), Nd, magnesium (Mg), ytterbium (Yb), Al, Ti, gallium (Ga), zinc (Zn), indium (In), tungsten (W), manganese (Mn), tin (Sn), iron (Fe), Ni, copper (Cu), palladium (Pd), iridium (Ir), or gold (Au)) can also be used. Examples of the alloy containing silver include an alloy containing silver, palladium, and copper, an alloy containing silver and copper, an alloy containing silver and magnesium, etc. Aluminum has a low resistance value and a high light reflectance. Also, since aluminum is abundant in the earth's crust and is inexpensive, the manufacturing cost of the light-emitting element can be reduced by using aluminum. Also, an alloy containing silver (Ag) or an alloy containing Ag and N (N represents one or more of yttrium (Y), Nd, magnesium (Mg), ytterbium (Yb), Al, Ti, gallium (Ga), zinc (Zn), indium (In), tungsten (W), manganese (Mn), tin (Sn), iron (Fe), Ni, copper (Cu), palladium (Pd), iridium (Ir), or gold (Au)) can also be used. Examples of the alloy containing silver include an alloy containing silver, palladium, and copper, an alloy containing silver and copper, an alloy containing silver and magnesium, etc. Aluminum has a low resistance value and a high light reflectance. Also, since aluminum is abundant in the earth's crust and is inexpensive, the manufacturing cost of the light-emitting element can be reduced by using aluminum. Also, an alloy containing silver (Ag) or an alloy containing Ag and N (N represents one or more of yttrium (Y), Nd, magnesium (Mg), ytterbium (Yb), Al, Ti, gallium (Ga), zinc (Zn), indium (In), tungsten (W), manganese (Mn), tin (Sn), iron (Fe), Ni, copper (Cu), palladium (Pd), iridium (Ir), or gold (Au)) can also be used. Examples of the alloy containing silver include an alloy containing silver, palladium, and copper, an alloy containing silver and copper, an alloy containing silver and magnesium, etc. Aluminum has a low resistance value and a high light reflectance. Also, since aluminum is abundant in the earth's crust and is inexpensive, the manufacturing cost of the light-emitting element can be reduced by using aluminum. Also, an alloy containing silver (Ag) or an alloy containing Ag and N (N represents one or more of yttrium (Y), Nd, magnesium (Mg), ytterbium (Yb), Al, Ti, gallium (Ga), zinc (Zn), indium (In), tungsten (W), manganese (Mn), tin (Sn), iron (Fe), Ni, copper (Cu), palladium (Pd), iridium (Ir), or gold (Au)) can also be used. Examples of the alloy containing silver include an alloy containing silver, palladium, and copper, an alloy containing silver and copper, an alloy containing silver and magnesium, etc. Aluminum has a low resistance value and a high light reflectance. Also, since aluminum is abundant in the earth's crust and is inexpensive, the manufacturing cost of the light-emitting element can be reduced by using aluminum. Also, an alloy containing silver (Ag) or an alloy containing Ag and N (N represents one or more of yttrium (Y), Nd, magnesium (Mg), ytterbium (Yb), Al, Ti, gallium (Ga), zinc (Zn), indium (In), tungsten (W), manganese (Mn), tin (Sn), iron (Fe), Ni, copper (Cu), palladium (Pd), iridium (Ir), or gold (Au)) can also be used. Examples of the alloy containing silver include an alloy containing silver, palladium, and copper, an alloy containing silver and copper, an alloy containing silver and magnesium, etc. Aluminum has a low resistance value and a high light reflectance. Also, since aluminum is abundant in the earth's crust and is inexpensive, the manufacturing cost of the light-emitting element can be reduced by using aluminum. Also, an alloy containing silver (Ag) or an alloy containing Ag and N (N represents one or more of yttrium (Y), Nd, magnesium (Mg), ytterbium (Yb), Al, Ti, gallium (Ga), zinc (Zn), indium (In), tungsten (W), manganese (Mn), tin (Sn), iron (Fe), Ni, copper (Cu), palladium (Pd), iridium (Ir), or gold (Au)) can also be used. Examples of the alloy containing silver include an alloy containing silver, palladium, and copper, an alloy containing silver and copper, an alloy containing silver and magnesium, etc. Aluminum has a low resistance value and a high light reflectance. Also, since aluminum is abundant in the earth's crust and is inexpensive, the manufacturing cost of the light-emitting element can be reduced by using aluminum. Also, an alloy containing silver (Ag) or an alloy containing Ag and N (N represents one or more of yttrium (Y), Nd, magnesium (Mg), ytterbium (Yb), Al, Ti, gallium (Ga), zinc (Zn), indium (In), tungsten (W), manganese (Mn), tin (Sn), iron (Fe), Ni, copper (Cu), palladium (Pd), iridium (Ir), or gold (Au)) can also be used. Examples of the alloy containing silver include an alloy containing silver, palladium, and copper, an alloy containing silver and copper, an alloy containing silver and magnesium, etc. Alloys containing sodium, alloys containing silver and nickel, alloys containing silver and gold, alloys containing silver and ytterbium and the like can be mentioned. In addition, transition metals such as tungsten, chromium (Cr), molybdenum (Mo ), copper, and titanium can be used.

[0142] Also, the light emission obtained from the light-emitting layer is taken out through one or both of the electrodes 101 and 102. Therefore, at least one of the electrode 101 or the electrode 102 is preferably formed of a conductive material having a function of transmitting light. As the conductive material, the visible light transmittance is 40% or more and 100% or less, preferably 60% or more and 100% or less, and moreover, a conductive material having a resistivity of 1×10 Ω·cm or less can be mentioned. -2

[0143] Also, the electrodes 101 and 102 may be formed of a conductive material having a function of transmitting light and a function of reflecting light. As the conductive material, the visible light reflectance is 20 % or more and 80% or less, preferably 40% or more and 70% or less, and its resistivity is 1×10 -2 Ω·cm or less of a conductive material can be mentioned. For example, it can be formed by using one or more of a conductive metal, alloy, conductive compound, etc. Specifically, for example, indium tin oxide (Indium Tin Oxide, hereinafter ITO), silicon or indium tin oxide containing silicon oxide (abbreviation: ITSO), indium oxide-zinc oxide (Indi um Zinc Oxide), indium tin oxide containing titanium, indium -titanium oxide, indium oxide containing tungsten oxide and zinc oxide, and other metal oxides can be used. Also, the degree of light transmission (preferably 1 nm or more and 30 n m or less) ​​​​A metal thin film with a thickness of m or less can be used. As the metal, for example, Ag, or alloys such as Ag and Al, Ag and Mg, Ag and Au, Ag and Yb, etc. can be used.

[0144] In addition, in this specification and the like, a material having a function of transmitting light may be a material having a function of transmitting visible light and having conductivity. For example, in addition to the oxide conductors typified by ITO as described above, it includes oxide semiconductors or organic conductors containing organic substances. As the organic conductor containing an organic substance, for example, a composite material formed by mixing an organic compound and an electron donor (donor), a composite material formed by mixing an organic compound and an electron acceptor (acceptor), etc. can be mentioned. In addition, inorganic carbon-based materials such as graphene may be used. Also, the resistivity of the material is preferably 1×10 5 Ω·cm or less, more preferably 1×10 4 Ω·cm or less.

[0145] In addition, one or both of the electrode 101 and the electrode 102 may be formed by laminating a plurality of the above materials.

[0146] In addition, in order to improve the light extraction efficiency, a material having a higher refractive index than the electrode may be formed in contact with the electrode having a function of transmitting light. Such a material may be any material having a function of transmitting visible light, whether it has conductivity or not. For example, in addition to the oxide conductors as described above, oxide semiconductors and organic substances can be mentioned. As the organic substance, for example, the materials exemplified for the light-emitting layer, hole injection layer, hole transport layer, electron transport layer, or electron injection layer can be mentioned. In addition, inorganic carbon-based materials and metals through which light can pass to a certain extent are also included. ​​A thin film can also be used, and a plurality of layers with a thickness of several nm to several tens of nm may be stacked.

[0147] When the electrode 101 or the electrode 102 has a function as a cathode, it preferably has a material with a small work function (3.8 eV or less). For example, elements belonging to Group 1 or Group 2 of the periodic table (alkali metals such as lithium, sodium, cesium, etc., alkaline earth metals such as calcium, strontium ium, etc., magnesium, etc.), alloys containing these elements (for example, Ag and Mg, Al and Li), rare earth metals such as europium (Eu), Yb, etc., alloys containing these rare earth metals, aluminum, alloys containing silver, etc. can be used.

[0148] Also, when the electrode 101 or the electrode 102 is used as an anode, it is preferable to use a material with a large work function (4. 0 eV or more).

[0149] In addition, the electrodes 101 and 102 may be a laminate of a conductive material having a function of reflecting light and a conductive material having a function of transmitting light. In that case, the electrodes 101 and 102 are preferably provided with a function of adjusting the optical distance so that light of a desired wavelength from each light-emitting layer can be resonated and the light of the desired wavelength can be enhanced.

[0150] The film formation methods of the electrodes 101 and 102 can be appropriately used, such as sputtering method, evaporation method, printing method, coating method , MBE (Molecular Beam Epitaxy) method, CVD method, pulse laser deposition method, ALD (Atomic Layer Deposition) method, etc.

[0151] ≪Substrate≫ Also, the light-emitting element according to one aspect of the present invention may be formed on a substrate made of glass, plastic, or the like. It may be formed in any order on the substrate, either by laminating in order from the electrode 101 side or from the electrode 102 side.

[0152] As the substrate on which the light-emitting element according to one aspect of the present invention can be formed, for example, glass, quartz, or plastic can be used. A flexible substrate may also be used. A flexible substrate is a substrate that can be bent (flexible), and examples include plastic substrates made of polycarbonate, polyarylate, and the like. Also, films, inorganic vapor deposition films, and the like can be used. Any other material may be used as long as it functions as a support in the manufacturing process of the light-emitting element and the optical element. Alternatively, any material may be used as long as it has a function of protecting the light-emitting element and the optical element.

[0153] For example, in the present invention and the like, light-emitting elements can be formed using various substrates. The type of the substrate is not particularly limited. Examples of the substrate include semiconductor substrates (e.g., single crystal substrates or silicon substrates), SOI substrates, glass substrates, quartz substrates, plastic substrates, metal substrates, stainless steel substrates, substrates having a stainless steel foil, tungsten substrates, substrates having a tungsten foil, flexible substrates, laminated films, papers containing fibrous materials, or base films. Examples of glass substrates include barium borosilicate glass, aluminoborosilicate glass, or soda lime glass. Examples of flexible substrates, laminated films, base films, and the like are as follows. For example, For example, there are plastics represented by polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), polyethersulfone (PES), and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). Or, as an example, there are resins such as acrylic. Or, as an example, there are polypropylene, polyester, polyvinyl fluoride, or polyvinyl chloride and the like. Or, as an example, there are polyamide, polyimide, aramid, epoxy, inorganic vapor deposition film, or papers and the like.

[0154] Also, as the substrate, a flexible substrate may be used, and a light-emitting element may be formed directly on the flexible substrate. Or, a release layer may be provided between the substrate and the light-emitting element. The release layer is used to separate from the substrate after partially or completely completing the light-emitting element thereon and transfer it to another substrate. At that time, the light-emitting element can be transferred to a substrate with poor heat resistance or a flexible substrate. In addition, for the above-mentioned release layer, for example, a laminated structure of an inorganic film of a tungsten film and a silicon oxide film, or a structure in which a resin film such as polyimide is formed on the substrate can be used.

[0155] That is, a light-emitting element may be formed using a certain substrate, and then the light-emitting element may be transferred to another substrate and arranged on another substrate. As an example of the substrate to which the light-emitting element is transferred, in addition to the above-mentioned substrates, there are cellophane substrates, stone substrates, wood substrates, cloth substrates (including natural fibers (silk, cotton, hemp), synthetic fibers (nylon, polyurethane, polyester) or regenerated fibers (acetate, cupra, rayon, regenerated polyester), etc.), leather substrates, or rubber substrates. By using these substrates, a light-emitting element that is not easily broken and a light-emitting element with high heat resistance can be obtained. It can be a light-emitting element with reduced weight or a light-emitting element with reduced thickness.

[0156] Also, for example, a field-effect transistor (FET) may be formed on the above-described substrate, and the light-emitting element 150 may be fabricated on an electrode electrically connected to the FET. Thereby, an active matrix type display device that controls the driving of the light-emitting element 150 by the FET can be fabricated.

[0157] As described above, the configuration shown in this embodiment can be used in appropriate combination with other embodiments.

[0158] (Embodiment 2) In this embodiment, a light-emitting element having a configuration different from that of the light-emitting element shown in Embodiment 1 and the light-emitting mechanism of the light-emitting element will be described below with reference to FIGS. 4(A) to 4(C). In FIGS. 4(A) to 4(C), portions having the same functions as the reference numerals shown in FIG. 1(A) may have the same hatch pattern, and the reference numerals may be omitted. Also, portions having the same functions may be given the same reference numerals, and detailed descriptions thereof may be omitted.

[0159] <Example Configuration 1 of Light-Emitting Element> FIG. 4(A) is a schematic cross-sectional view of the light-emitting element 252.

[0160] The light-emitting element 252 shown in FIG. 4(A) has a plurality of light-emitting units (light-emitting unit 106 and light-emitting unit 110 in FIG. 4(A)) between a pair of electrodes (electrode 101 and electrode 102). At least one light-emitting unit has a configuration similar to that of the EL layer 100. Note that the light-emitting unit 106 and the light-emitting unit 110 may have the same configuration or different configurations.

[0161] ​​​​​​​​​​​In the light-emitting element 252 shown in Fig. 4(A), the light-emitting unit 106 and the light-emitting unit 110 are laminated, and a charge generation layer 115 is provided between the light-emitting unit 106 and the light-emitting unit 110. For example, it is preferable to use a configuration similar to that of the EL layer 100 for the light-emitting unit 106. For example, it is preferable to use a configuration similar to that of the EL layer 100 for the light-emitting unit 106. It is preferably used.

[0162] The light-emitting element 252 also has a light-emitting layer 140 and a light-emitting layer 170. In addition to the light-emitting layer 170, the light-emitting unit 106 has a hole injection layer 111, a hole transport layer 112, an electron transport layer 113, and an electron injection layer 114. In addition to the light-emitting layer 140, the light-emitting unit 110 has a hole injection layer 116, a hole transport layer 117, an electron transport layer 118, and an electron injection layer 119. In addition to the light-emitting layer 170, the light-emitting unit 106 has a hole injection layer 111, a hole transport layer 112, an electron transport layer 113, and an electron injection layer 114. In addition to the light-emitting layer 140, the light-emitting unit 110 has a hole injection layer 116, a hole transport layer 117, an electron transport layer 118, and an electron injection layer 119. In addition to the light-emitting layer 140, the light-emitting unit 110 has a hole injection layer 116, a hole transport layer 117, an electron transport layer 118, and an electron injection layer 119. It has 9.

[0163] The charge generation layer 115 may have a configuration in which an acceptor substance, which is an electron acceptor, is added to a hole-transporting material, or a configuration in which a donor substance, which is an electron donor, is added to an electron-transporting material. Also, both of these configurations may be laminated. The charge generation layer 115 may have a configuration in which an acceptor substance, which is an electron acceptor, is added to a hole-transporting material, or a configuration in which a donor substance, which is an electron donor, is added to an electron-transporting material. It may also be a configuration in which both of these are laminated.

[0164] When the charge generation layer 115 contains a composite material of an organic compound and an acceptor substance, the composite material may use the composite material that can be used for the hole injection layer 111 shown in Embodiment 1. As the organic compound, various compounds such as aromatic amine compounds, carbazole compounds, aromatic hydrocarbons, and polymer compounds (oligomers, dendrimers, polymers, etc.) can be used. Note that, as the organic compound, those having a hole mobility of 1×10 When the charge generation layer 115 contains a composite material of an organic compound and an acceptor substance, the composite material may use the composite material that can be used for the hole injection layer 111 shown in Embodiment 1. For the organic compound, various compounds such as aromatic amine compounds, carbazole compounds, aromatic hydrocarbons, and polymer compounds (oligomers, dendrimers, polymers, etc.) can be used. Hydrogen, polymer compounds (oligomers, dendrimers, polymers, etc.), etc., various compounds can be used. It is possible to use various compounds such as aromatic amine compounds, carbazole compounds, aromatic hydrocarbons, and polymer compounds (oligomers, dendrimers, polymers, etc.). Note that, as the organic compound, those having a hole mobility of 1×10 -6 cm 2 / Vs or more are preferably applied. However, substances with higher hole transportability than electrons If so, other materials may be used. The composite material of the organic compound and the acceptor material has excellent carrier injection properties and carrier transport properties, so low-voltage driving and low-current driving can be achieved. When the surface on the anode side of the light-emitting unit is in contact with the charge generation layer 115 the charge generation layer 115 can also serve as the hole injection layer or the hole transport layer of the light-emitting unit Therefore, the light-emitting unit may be configured without a hole injection layer or a hole transport layer. Alternatively, when the surface on the cathode side of the light-emitting unit is in contact with the charge generation layer 115 the charge generation layer 115 can also serve as the electron injection layer or the electron transport layer of the light-emitting unit Therefore, the light-emitting unit may be configured without an electron injection layer or an electron transport layer.

[0165] Note that the charge generation layer 115 may be formed as a laminated structure combining a layer containing a composite material of an organic compound and an acceptor material and a layer composed of other materials. For example, it may be formed by combining a layer containing a composite material of an organic compound and an acceptor material and a layer containing one compound selected from electron-donating substances and a compound with high electron transport properties. Further, it may be formed by combining a layer containing a composite material of an organic compound and an acceptor material and a layer containing a transparent conductive film.

[0166] Note that the charge generation layer 115 sandwiched between the light-emitting unit 106 and the light-emitting unit 108 only needs to inject electrons into one light-emitting unit and holes into the other light-emitting unit when a voltage is applied between the electrode 101 and the electrode 102. For example, in FIG. 6(A), when a voltage is applied such that the potential of the electrode 101 is higher than the potential of the electrode 102, the The charge generation layer 115 injects electrons into the light-emitting unit 106 and holes into the light-emitting unit 108. and

[0167] Note that, from the viewpoint of light extraction efficiency, the charge generation layer 115 preferably has translucency with respect to visible light (specifically, the transmittance of visible light with respect to the charge generation layer 115 is 40% or more). Also, the charge generation layer 115 can function even if it has a lower conductivity than a pair of electrodes (electrode 101 and electrode 102).

[0168] By forming the charge generation layer 115 using the above-described materials, an increase in the driving voltage in the case where the light-emitting layer is laminated can be suppressed.

[0169] Also, in FIG. 4(A), the light-emitting element having two light-emitting units has been described, but it can be similarly applied to a light-emitting element in which three or more light-emitting units are laminated. As shown in the light-emitting element 252, by arranging a plurality of light-emitting units between a pair of electrodes partitioned by the charge generation layer, high-brightness light emission can be enabled while keeping the current density low, and furthermore, a long-life light-emitting element can be realized. Also, a light-emitting element with low power consumption can be realized.

[0170] Note that, by applying the configuration shown in Embodiment 1 to at least one of the plurality of units, a light-emitting element with high luminous efficiency and a highly reliable light-emitting element can be provided.

[0171] Also, it is preferable that the light-emitting layer of the light-emitting unit 110 has a phosphorescent compound. That is, the light-emitting layer 140 included in the light-emitting unit 110 has a phosphorescent compound, and the light-emitting unit 106 The light-emitting layer 170 it has preferably has the configuration of the light-emitting layer 130 shown in Embodiment 1. A configuration example of the light-emitting element 252 in this case will be described below.

[0172] As shown in FIG. 4(B), the light-emitting layer 140 included in the light-emitting unit 110 has a host material 1 41 and a guest material 142. The host material 141 has an organic compound 141_ 1 and an organic compound 141_2. Note that the guest material 14 2 included in the light-emitting layer 140 will be described below as a phosphorescent compound.

[0173] ≪Light-emitting mechanism of the light-emitting layer 140≫ Next, the light-emitting mechanism and material configuration of the light-emitting layer 140 will be described below.

[0174] The organic compound 141_1 and the organic compound 141_2 included in the light-emitting layer 140 preferably form an exciplex.

[0175] The combination of the organic compound 141_1 and the organic compound 141_2 may be any combination that can form an exciplex with each other, but it is more preferable that one is a compound having hole-transporting properties and the other is a compound having electron-transporting properties.

[0176] The correlation of the energy levels of the organic compound 141_1, the organic compound 141_2, and the guest material 142 in the light-emitting layer 140 is shown in FIG. 4(C). Note that the notations and symbols in FIG. 4(C) are as follows. ·Host(141_1): Organic compound 141_1 (host material) ·Host(141_2): Organic compound 141_2 (host material) ·Guest(142): Guest material 142 (phosphorescent compound) ·S PH1: S1 level of organic compound 141_1 (host material) ·T PH1 : T1 level of organic compound 141_1 (host material) ·S PH2 : S1 level of organic compound 141_2 (host material) ·T PH2 : T1 level of organic compound 141_2 (host material) ·T PG : T1 level of guest material 142 (phosphorescent compound) ·S PE : S1 level of exciplex ·T PE : T1 level of exciplex

[0177] When one of organic compound 141_1 and organic compound 141_2 accepts holes and the other accepts electrons, an exciplex is rapidly formed (see Route E in Fig. 4(C)). Alternatively, 1 when one of them is in an excited state, it rapidly interacts with the other to form an exciplex. Since the excitation energy levels (S or T ) of the exciplex are lower than the S1 levels (S PE and S PE ) of the host materials ( organic compound 141_1 and organic compound 141_2) that form the exciplex, PH1 and S PH2 ) it is possible to form the excited state of host material 141 with a lower excitation energy. As a result, the driving voltage of the light-emitting device can be reduced.

[0178] Then, by transferring the energies of both (S PE ) and (T PE ) of the exciplex to the T1 level of guest material 142 (phosphorescent compound), light emission can be obtained (see Route E in Fig. 4(C), 2 E 3 see).

[0179] Note that the T1 level (TPE ) is larger than the T1 level (T PG ) of the guest material 142, and the T1 levels (T ) of each organic compound (organic compound 141_1 and organic compound ) that forms an exciplex are preferably equal to or smaller than the T1 levels (T PH1 and T PH2 ) of the guest material 142. By doing so, the singlet excitation energy and triplet excitation energy of the generated exciplex can be efficiently energy-transferred from the S1 level (S ) and T1 level (T PE ) of the exciplex to the T PE ) level of the guest material 142. 1 level (T PG ) of the guest material 142.

[0180] Further, in order for organic compound 141_1 and organic compound 141_2 to efficiently form an exciplex, it is preferable that the HOMO level of one of organic compound 141_1 and organic compound 141_2 is higher than the HOMO level of the other, and the LUMO level of one is higher than the LUMO level of the other. Further, when the combination of organic compound 141_1 and organic compound 141_2 is a combination of a compound having hole-transporting properties and a compound having electron-transporting properties, the carrier balance can be easily controlled by the mixing ratio. Specifically, the range of compound having hole-transporting properties: compound having electron-transporting properties = 1:9 to 9:1 (weight ratio) is preferable. Further, since the carrier balance can be easily controlled by having this configuration, the control of the carrier recombination region can also be easily performed.

[0181] In addition, since the carrier balance can be easily controlled by having this configuration, the control of the carrier recombination region can also be easily performed. Specifically, the range of compound having hole-transporting properties: compound having electron-transporting properties = 1:9 to 9:1 (weight ratio) is preferable. Specifically, the range of compound having hole-transporting properties: compound having electron-transporting properties = 1:9 to 9:1 (weight ratio) is preferable. Further, since the carrier balance can be easily controlled by having this configuration, the control of the carrier recombination region can also be easily performed.

[0182] Note that the process of route E 1 to E 3 is referred to as ExTET (Ex It may be referred to as "ciplex-Triplet Energy Transfer". In other words, in the light-emitting layer 140, there is donation of excitation energy from the exciplex to the guest material 142. In this case, it is not always necessary that PE the reverse intersystem crossing efficiency from T PE to S is high, nor is it necessary that the light emission quantum yield from S PE is high. Therefore, a wide range of materials can be selected.

[0183] By using ExTET, a light-emitting device with high luminous efficiency and good reliability can be obtained. .

[0184] Further, the light-emitting layer 170 can have the configuration of the light-emitting layer 130 shown in Embodiment 1 and the configuration of the light-emitting layer 140.

[0185] In each of the above configurations, the emission colors exhibited by the guest materials used in the light-emitting unit 106 and the light-emitting unit 110 may be the same as or different from each other. When the guest material has a function of emitting light of the same color in the light-emitting unit 106 and the light-emitting unit 110, the light-emitting device 252 is preferably a light-emitting device that exhibits high emission luminance at a low current value. Also, when the guest material has a function of emitting light of different colors in the light-emitting unit 106 and the light-emitting unit 110, the light-emitting device 252 is preferably a multi-color light-emitting device. In this case, by using a plurality of light-emitting materials having different emission wavelengths in either one or both of the light-emitting layer 140 and the light-emitting layer 170, the emission spectrum exhibited by the light-emitting device 252 is light in which emissions having different emission peaks are synthesized, so that the emission spectrum has at least two maximum values. ​​​​​​​​​​​

[0186] The above-mentioned structure is also suitable for obtaining white light emission. By making the lights complementary to each other, white light can be obtained. The design is such that the resulting white light has a high light emission, or at least light emission having red, green and blue colors. It is preferable to select a material that is

[0187] In addition, at least one of the light-emitting layer 140 and the light-emitting layer 170 is further divided into layers, Each divided layer may contain a different light-emitting material. Alternatively, at least one of the light-emitting layers 170 may be composed of two or more layers. For example, the first light-emitting layer and the second light-emitting layer can be laminated in this order from the hole transport layer side to form the light-emitting layer. In this case, a material having a hole transporting property is used as the host material of the first light-emitting layer, and a material having a hole transporting property is used as the host material of the second light-emitting layer. In this case, a material having an electron transporting property is used as the host material. The light-emitting material in the light-emitting layer and the second light-emitting layer may be the same or different. Even if a material has the function of emitting light of the same color, it may have the function of emitting light of different colors. A plurality of light-emitting materials each having a function of emitting light of a different color may be used. By using this configuration, it is possible to obtain white light with high color rendering properties consisting of the three primary colors or four or more colors. It is also possible.

[0188] Note that this embodiment mode can be appropriately combined with other embodiment modes.

[0189] (Embodiment 3) In this embodiment, a light-emitting device using the light-emitting element described in Embodiments 1 and 2 is This will be described with reference to FIG. 5(A) and FIG. 5(B).

[0190] Fig. 5(A) is a top view showing a light-emitting device, and Fig. 5(B) is a cross-sectional view taken along A-B and C-D of Fig. 5(A). This light-emitting device includes a drive circuit section (source-side drive circuit) 601, a pixel section 602, and a drive circuit section (gate-side drive circuit) 603, which are indicated by dotted lines as controlling the light emission of the light-emitting element. In addition, 604 is a sealing substrate, 625 is a drying material, and 605 is a sealing material. The inside surrounded by the sealing material 605 is a space 607.

[0191] The routing wiring 608 is a wiring for transmitting signals input to the source-side drive circuit 601 and the gate-side drive circuit 603, and receives a video signal, a clock signal, a start signal, a reset signal, etc. from an FPC (Flexible Printed Circuit) 609 that serves as an external input terminal. Although only the FPC is illustrated here, a printed wiring board (PWB) may be attached to this FPC. The light-emitting device in this specification includes not only the light-emitting device main body but also a state in which an FPC or a PWB is attached thereto.

[0192] Next, the cross-sectional structure of the above light-emitting device will be described with reference to Fig. 5(B). A drive circuit section and a pixel section are formed on an element substrate 610. Here, a source-side drive circuit 601, which is a drive circuit section, and one pixel in the pixel section 602 are shown.

[0193] The source-side drive circuit 601 is formed of a CMOS circuit combined with an n-channel type TFT 623 and a p-channel type TFT 624. The drive circuit is various CMOS circuits, P ​​​​​​​​​​It may be formed by a MOS circuit or an NMOS circuit. In this embodiment, a driver-integrated type in which a driving circuit is formed on a substrate is shown, but this is not necessarily required, and the driving circuit may be formed outside the substrate instead of on the substrate. Also, although the pixel portion 602 is formed by pixels including a switching TFT 611, a current control TFT 612, and a first electrode 613 electrically connected to the drain thereof. Note that an insulator 614 is formed so as to cover an end portion of the first electrode 613. The insulator 614 can be formed by using a positive photosensitive resin film. In addition, in order to improve the covering property of the film formed on the insulator 614, a surface having a curvature is formed at the upper end portion or the lower end portion of the insulator 614. For example, when photosensitive acrylic is used as the material of the insulator 614, it is preferable to provide a curved surface only at the upper end portion of the insulator 614. The radius of curvature of the curved surface is preferably 0.2 μm or more and 0.3 μm or less. Further, as the insulator 614, either a negative photosensitive material or a positive photosensitive material can be used.

[0194] On the first electrode 613, an EL layer 616 and a second electrode 617 are formed respectively. Here, as the material used for the first electrode 613 that functions as an anode, it is desirable to use a material with a large work function. For example, in addition to single-layer films such as ITO films, indium tin oxide films containing silicon, indium oxide films containing 2 wt% or more and 20 wt% or less of zinc oxide, titanium nitride films, chromium films, tungsten films, Zn films, Pt films, etc., laminates of titanium nitride and a film mainly composed of aluminum, and laminates of a titanium nitride film and a film mainly composed of aluminum. Also, the pixel portion 602 is formed by pixels including a switching TFT 611, a current control TFT 612, and a first electrode 613 electrically connected to the drain thereof. Note that an insulator 614 is formed so as to cover an end portion of the first electrode 613. The insulator 614 can be formed by using a positive photosensitive resin film. In addition, in order to improve the covering property of the film formed on the insulator 614, a surface having a curvature is formed at the upper end portion or the lower end portion of the insulator 614. For example, when photosensitive acrylic is used as the material of the insulator 614, it is preferable to provide a curved surface only at the upper end portion of the insulator 614. The radius of curvature of the curved surface is preferably 0.2 μm or more and 0.3 μm or less. Further, as the insulator 614, either a negative photosensitive material or a positive photosensitive material can be used. On the first electrode 613, an EL layer 616 and a second electrode 617 are formed respectively. Here, as the material used for the first electrode 613 that functions as an anode, it is desirable to use a material with a large work function. For example, in addition to single-layer films such as ITO films, indium tin oxide films containing silicon, indium oxide films containing 2 wt% or more and 20 wt% or less of zinc oxide, titanium nitride films, chromium films, tungsten films, Zn films, Pt films, etc., laminates of titanium nitride and a film mainly composed of aluminum, and laminates of a titanium nitride film and a film mainly composed of aluminum.

[0195] In addition, in order to improve the covering property of the film formed on the insulator 614, a surface having a curvature is formed at the upper end portion or the lower end portion of the insulator 614. For example, when photosensitive acrylic is used as the material of the insulator 614, it is preferable to provide a curved surface only at the upper end portion of the insulator 614. The radius of curvature of the curved surface is preferably 0.2 μm or more and 0.3 μm or less. Further, as the insulator 614, either a negative photosensitive material or a positive photosensitive material can be used. On the first electrode 613, an EL layer 616 and a second electrode 617 are formed respectively. Here, as the material used for the first electrode 613 that functions as an anode, it is desirable to use a material with a large work function. For example, in addition to single-layer films such as ITO films, indium tin oxide films containing silicon, indium oxide films containing 2 wt% or more and 20 wt% or less of zinc oxide, titanium nitride films, chromium films, tungsten films, Zn films, Pt films, etc., laminates of titanium nitride and a film mainly composed of aluminum, and laminates of a titanium nitride film and a film mainly composed of aluminum. Also, the pixel portion 602 is formed by pixels including a switching TFT 611, a current control TFT 612, and a first electrode 613 electrically connected to the drain thereof. Note that an insulator 614 is formed so as to cover an end portion of the first electrode 613. The insulator 614 can be formed by using a positive photosensitive resin film. In addition, in order to improve the covering property of the film formed on the insulator 614, a surface having a curvature is formed at the upper end portion or the lower end portion of the insulator 614. For example, when photosensitive acrylic is used as the material of the insulator 614, it is preferable to provide a curved surface only at the upper end portion of the insulator 614. The radius of curvature of the curved surface is preferably 0.2 μm or more and 0.3 μm or less. Further, as the insulator 614, either a negative photosensitive material or a positive photosensitive material can be used. On the first electrode 613, an EL layer 616 and a second electrode 617 are formed respectively. Here, as the material used for the first electrode 613 that functions as an anode, it is desirable to use a material with a large work function. For example, in addition to single-layer films such as ITO films, indium tin oxide films containing silicon, indium oxide films containing 2 wt% or more and 20 wt% or less of zinc oxide, titanium nitride films, chromium films, tungsten films, Zn films, Pt films, etc., laminates of titanium nitride and a film mainly composed of aluminum, and laminates of a titanium nitride film and a film mainly composed of aluminum.

[0196] On the first electrode 613, an EL layer 616 and a second electrode 617 are formed respectively. Here, as the material used for the first electrode 613 that functions as an anode, it is desirable to use a material with a large work function. For example, in addition to single-layer films such as ITO films, indium tin oxide films containing silicon, indium oxide films containing 2 wt% or more and 20 wt% or less of zinc oxide, titanium nitride films, chromium films, tungsten films, Zn films, Pt films, etc., laminates of titanium nitride and a film mainly composed of aluminum, and laminates of a titanium nitride film and a film mainly composed of aluminum. Also, the pixel portion 602 is formed by pixels including a switching TFT 611, a current control TFT 612, and a first electrode 613 electrically connected to the drain thereof. Note that an insulator 614 is formed so as to cover an end portion of the first electrode 613. The insulator 614 can be formed by using a positive photosensitive resin film. In addition, in order to improve the covering property of the film formed on the insulator 614, a surface having a curvature is formed at the upper end portion or the lower end portion of the insulator 614. For example, when photosensitive acrylic is used as the material of the insulator 614, it is preferable to provide a curved surface only at the upper end portion of the insulator 614. The radius of curvature of the curved surface is preferably 0.2 μm or more and 0.3 μm or less. Further, as the insulator 614, either a negative photosensitive material or a positive photosensitive material can be used. On the first electrode 613, an EL layer 616 and a second electrode 617 are formed respectively. Here, as the material used for the first electrode 613 that functions as an anode, it is desirable to use a material with a large work function. For example, in addition to single-layer films such as ITO films, indium tin oxide films containing silicon, indium oxide films containing 2 wt% or more and 20 wt% or less of zinc oxide, titanium nitride films, chromium films, tungsten films, Zn films, Pt films, etc., laminates of titanium nitride and a film mainly composed of aluminum, and laminates of a titanium nitride film and a film mainly composed of aluminum. Also, the pixel portion 602 is formed by pixels including a switching TFT 611, a current control TFT 612, and a first electrode 613 electrically connected to the drain thereof. Note that an insulator 614 is formed so as to cover an end portion of the first electrode 613. The insulator 614 can be formed by using a positive photosensitive resin film. In addition, in order to improve the covering property of the film formed on the insulator 614, a surface having a curvature is formed at the upper end portion or the lower end portion of the insulator 614. For example, when photosensitive acrylic is used as the material of the insulator 614, it is preferable to provide a curved surface only at the upper end portion of the insulator 614. The radius of curvature of the curved surface is preferably 0.2 μm or more and 0.3 μm or less. Further, as the insulator 614, either a negative photosensitive material or a positive photosensitive material can be used. A three-layer structure or the like with a titanium nitride film can be used. When a laminated structure is adopted, the resistance as a wiring is low, good ohmic contact can be achieved, and it can further function as an anode. It is possible.

[0197] In addition, the EL layer 616 is formed by various methods such as a vapor deposition method using a vapor deposition mask, an inkjet method, and a spin coating method. The material constituting the EL layer 616 may be a low molecular compound or a high molecular compound (including oligomers and dendrimers). It may be a polymer compound (including oligomers and dendrimers).

[0198] Furthermore, as the material used for the second electrode 617 formed on the EL layer 616 and functioning as a cathode, a material with a small work function (Al, Mg, Li, Ca, or their alloys and compounds, such as MgAg, MgIn, AlLi, etc.) is preferably used. When the light generated in the EL layer 616 is transmitted through the second electrode 617, as the second electrode 617, a laminated layer of a thin metal film with a reduced thickness and a transparent conductive film (ITO, indium oxide containing 2 wt% or more and 20 wt% or less of zinc oxide, indium tin oxide containing silicon, zinc oxide (ZnO), etc.) is preferably used. When the light generated in the EL layer 616 is transmitted through the second electrode 617, as the second electrode 617, a laminated layer of a thin metal film with a reduced thickness and a transparent conductive film (ITO, indium oxide containing 2 wt% or more and 20 wt% or less of zinc oxide, indium tin oxide containing silicon, zinc oxide (ZnO), etc.) is preferably used. It is good to use a laminated layer.

[0199] The light-emitting element 618 is formed by the first electrode 613, the EL layer 616, and the second electrode 617. The light-emitting element 618 preferably has the configurations of Embodiment 1 and Embodiment 2. Note that the pixel portion is formed of a plurality of light-emitting elements. In the light-emitting device in this embodiment, both the light-emitting element having the configurations described in Embodiment 1 and Embodiment 2 and the light-emitting element having other configurations may be included. In the light-emitting device in this embodiment, both the light-emitting element having the configurations described in Embodiment 1 and Embodiment 2 and the light-emitting element having other configurations may be included.

[0200] ​​​​​​​​​Furthermore, by bonding the sealing substrate 604 to the element substrate 610 with the sealing material 605, the element substrate 610, the sealing substrate 604, and the light-emitting element 6 are arranged in a space 607 surrounded by the sealing material 605. 18 has a structure. Note that the space 607 is filled with a filling material. In addition to the case where an inert gas (such as nitrogen or argon) is filled, it may be filled with a resin or a drying material or both.

[0201] Note that it is preferable to use an epoxy resin or glass frit for the sealing material 605. Also, these materials are desirably materials that do not permeate moisture and oxygen as much as possible. Further, as materials for the sealing substrate 604, in addition to a glass substrate and a quartz substrate, FRP (Fiber R einforced Plastics), PVF (polyvinyl fluoride), polyester or a plastic substrate made of acrylic or the like can be used.

[0202] As described above, a light-emitting device using the light-emitting element described in Embodiment 1 and Embodiment 2 can be obtained.

[0203] <Configuration Example 2 of Light-Emitting Device> FIG. 6 shows an example of a display device in which a light-emitting element exhibiting white light emission is formed and a coloring layer (color filter) is formed.

[0204] In FIG. 6(A), a substrate 1001, an underlying insulating film 1002, a gate insulating film 1003, gate electrodes 1006, 1007, 1008, a first interlayer insulating film 1020, a second interlayer insulating film 1021 , a peripheral portion 1042, a pixel portion 1040, a driving circuit portion 1041, first electrodes 102 4W, 1024R, 1024G, 1024B of the light-emitting element, a partition wall 1026, an EL layer 1028, the light-emitting element The second electrode 1029, the sealing substrate 1031, the sealing material 1032, etc. are illustrated.

[0205] Also, in FIGS. 6(A) and 6(B), a colored layer (red colored layer 1034R, green colored layer 10 34G, blue colored layer 1034B) is provided on a transparent substrate 1033. Further, a black layer ( black matrix) 1035 may be further provided. The transparent substrate 1033 provided with the colored layer and the black layer is aligned and fixed to the substrate 1001. Note that the colored layer and the black colored layer are covered with an overcoat layer 1036. Also, in FIG. 5(A), there are a light-emitting layer that emits light to the outside without passing through the colored layer and a light-emitting layer that emits light to the outside through each colored layer. The light that does not pass through the colored layer is white, and the light that passes through the colored layer becomes red, blue, and green. Thus, an image can be expressed with four-color pixels.

[0206] In FIG. 6(B), an example in which the red colored layer 1034R, the green colored layer 1034G, and the blue colored layer 103 4B are formed between the gate insulating film 1003 and the first interlayer insulating film 1020 is shown. As shown in FIG. 6(B), the colored layer may be provided between the substrate 1001 and the sealing substrate 1031.

[0207] Also, in the light-emitting device described above, a light-emitting device having a structure (bottom emission type) that emits light from the side of the substrate 1001 on which the TFT is formed is used. However, a light-emitting device having a structure (top emission type) that emits light from the side of the sealing substrate 1031 may be used.

[0208] <Configuration Example 3 of Light-Emitting Device> A cross-sectional view of a top emission type light-emitting device is shown in FIG. 7. In this case, a substrate 1001 that does not transmit light can be used. A connection electrode that connects the TFT and the anode of the light-emitting element is formed. ​ Until it is manufactured, it is formed in the same manner as a bottom-emission type light-emitting device. After that, the third interlayer insulating film 1037 is formed to cover the electrode 1022. This insulating film serves as a planarization function. The third interlayer insulating film 1037 can be formed using various materials in addition to the same material as the second interlayer insulating film 1021.

[0209] The lower electrodes 1025W, 1025R, 1025G, and 1025B of the light-emitting element are anodes here, but they may also be cathodes. Further, in the case of a top-emission type light-emitting device as shown in FIG. 7, the lower electrodes 1025W, 1025R, 1025G, and 1025B are preferably reflective electrodes. Note that the second electrode 1029 preferably has a function of reflecting light and a function of transmitting light. Further, it is preferable to have a function of applying a microcavity structure between the second electrode 1029 and the lower electrodes 1025W, 1025R, 1025G, and 1025B to amplify light of a specific wavelength. The configuration of the EL layer 1028 is set to the configuration as described in Embodiment 2, and an element structure capable of obtaining white light emission is adopted.

[0210] In FIGS. 6(A), 6(B), and 7, as the configuration of the EL layer capable of obtaining white light emission, it may be realized by using a plurality of light-emitting layers or using a plurality of light-emitting units. Note that the configuration for obtaining white light emission is not limited to these.

[0211] In the top-emission structure as shown in FIG. 7, sealing can be performed with a sealing substrate 1031 provided with a coloring layer (red coloring layer 1034R, green coloring layer 1034G, blue coloring layer 1034B). A black layer (black matrix) is provided on the sealing substrate 1031 so as to be located between pixels. ​​​​​A Rix) 1035 may be provided. The coloring layer (red coloring layer 1034R, green coloring layer 1 034G, blue coloring layer 1034B) and the black layer (black matrix) 1035 may be covered by an overcoat layer. Note that the sealing substrate 1031 is a substrate having light transmissivity is used.

[0212] Here, an example of full-color display using four colors of red, green, blue, and white is shown, but it is not particularly limited and full-color display may be performed using three colors of red, green, and blue. Also, full-color display may be performed using four colors of red, green, blue, and yellow

[0213] As described above, a light-emitting device using the light-emitting element described in Embodiment 3 and Embodiment 4 can be obtained.

[0214] Note that this embodiment can be appropriately combined with other embodiments.

[0215] (Embodiment 4) In this embodiment, a more specific example of the display device using the light-emitting element described in Embodiment 1 and Embodiment 2 will be described. The display device exemplified below has both a reflective liquid crystal element and a light-emitting element, and is a display device capable of performing both transmissive mode and reflective mode displays. Applying the light-emitting element described in Embodiment 1 and Embodiment 2 to the light-emitting element is preferable.

[0216] [Configuration Example 1 of Display Device] FIG. 8(A) is a block diagram showing an example of the configuration of a display device 400. The display device 400 has a plurality of pixels 410 arranged in a matrix in a display portion 362. Also, the display device 4 00 has a circuit GD and a circuit SD. Also, a plurality of pixels 410 arranged in the direction R, and​​​ It has a plurality of wirings G1, a plurality of wirings G2, a plurality of wirings ANO, and a plurality of wirings CSCOM that are electrically connected to the circuit GD. Further, it has a plurality of pixels 410 arranged in the direction C, and a plurality of wirings S1 and a plurality of wirings S2 that are electrically connected to the circuit SD.

[0217] The pixel 410 has a reflective liquid crystal element and a light emitting element. In the pixel 410, the liquid crystal element and the light emitting element have overlapping portions with each other.

[0218] FIG. 8(B1) shows a configuration example of the electrode 311b included in the pixel 410. The electrode 311b functions as a reflective electrode of the liquid crystal element in the pixel 410. Further, an opening 4 51 is provided in the electrode 311b.

[0219] In FIG. 8(B1), the light emitting element 360 located in the region overlapping with the electrode 311b is shown by a dashed line and is arranged to overlap with the opening 451 of the electrode 311b. Thereby, the light emitted by the light emitting element 360 is emitted to the display surface side through the opening 451.

[0220] In FIG. 8(B1), the pixels 410 adjacent in the direction R are pixels corresponding to different colors. At this time, as shown in FIG. 8(B1), it is preferable that the openings 451 are provided at different positions of the electrode 311b so that the openings 451 are not arranged in a row in two pixels adjacent in the direction R. Thereby, it is possible to separate the two light emitting elements 360, and the phenomenon (also referred to as crosstalk) in which the light emitted by the light emitting element 360 enters the coloring layer of the adjacent pixel 410 can be suppressed. Further, since the two adjacent light emitting elements 360 can be arranged separately, even when the EL layer of the light emitting element 360 is made separately by a shadow mask or the like it is possible. ​ A high-precision display device can be realized.

[0221] Also, it may be an arrangement as shown in FIG. 8(B2).

[0222] If the value of the ratio of the total area of the opening 451 to the total area of the non-opening part is too large, the display using the liquid crystal element will become dark. Also, if the value of the ratio of the total area of the opening 451 to the total area of the non-opening part is too small, the display using the light-emitting element 360 will become dark.

[0223] Also, if the area of the opening 451 provided in the electrode 311b that functions as a reflective electrode is too small the efficiency of the light that can be extracted from the light emitted by the light-emitting element 360 will decrease.

[0224] The shape of the opening 451 can be, for example, a polygon, a quadrilateral, an ellipse, a circle, or a cross, etc. It can also be a long streak shape, a slit shape, or a checkered pattern shape. Also, the opening 451 may be arranged close to adjacent pixels. Preferably, the opening 451 is arranged close to other pixels that display the same color. This can suppress crosstalk.

[0225] [Circuit configuration example] FIG. 9 is a circuit diagram showing a configuration example of the pixel 410. In FIG. 9, two adjacent pixels 41 0 are shown.

[0226] The pixel 410 includes a switch SW1, a capacitive element C1, a liquid crystal element 340, a switch SW2, a transistor M, a capacitive element C2, and a light-emitting element 360, etc. Also, the pixel 410 has wiring G1, wiring G2, wiring ANO, wiring CSCOM, wiring S1, and wiring S2 electrically connected. Also, in FIG. 12, the wiring VCOM1 that is electrically connected to the liquid crystal element 340 and a wiring VCOM2 that is electrically connected to the light-emitting element 360 are shown.

[0227] In FIG. 9, an example in the case where transistors are used for the switches SW1 and SW2 is shown. is shown.

[0228] For switch SW1, one of the source or drain is connected to wiring S1, and the other of the source or drain is connected to one electrode of the capacitor element C1 and one electrode of the liquid crystal element 340, with the gate connected to wiring G1. The other electrode of the capacitor element C1 is connected to wiring CSCOM. The other electrode of the liquid crystal element 340 is connected to wiring VCOM1. For switch SW1, one of the source or drain is connected to wiring S1, and the other of the source or drain is connected to one electrode of the capacitor element C1 and one electrode of the liquid crystal element 340, with the gate connected to wiring G1. The other electrode of the capacitor element C1 is connected to wiring CSCOM. The other electrode of the liquid crystal element 340 is connected to wiring VCOM1. For switch SW1, one of the source or drain is connected to wiring S1, and the other of the source or drain is connected to one electrode of the capacitor element C1 and one electrode of the liquid crystal element 340, with the gate connected to wiring G1. The other electrode of the capacitor element C1 is connected to wiring CSCOM. The other electrode of the liquid crystal element 340 is connected to wiring VCOM1. For switch SW1, one of the source or drain is connected to wiring S1, and the other of the source or drain is connected to one electrode of the capacitor element C1 and one electrode of the liquid crystal element 340, with the gate connected to wiring G1. The other electrode of the capacitor element C1 is connected to wiring CSCOM. The other electrode of the liquid crystal element 340 is connected to wiring VCOM1.

[0229] For switch SW2, one of the source or drain is connected to wiring S2, and the other of the source or drain is connected to one electrode of the capacitor element C2, the gate of the transistor M, with the gate connected to wiring G2. The other electrode of the capacitor element C2 is connected to one of the source or drain of the transistor M and wiring ANO. The other of the source or drain of the transistor M is connected to one electrode of the light-emitting element 360. The other electrode of the light-emitting element 360 is connected to wiring VCOM2. For switch SW2, one of the source or drain is connected to wiring S2, and the other of the source or drain is connected to one electrode of the capacitor element C2, the gate of the transistor M, with the gate connected to wiring G2. The other electrode of the capacitor element C2 is connected to one of the source or drain of the transistor M and wiring ANO. The other of the source or drain of the transistor M is connected to one electrode of the light-emitting element 360. The other electrode of the light-emitting element 360 is connected to wiring VCOM2. For switch SW2, one of the source or drain is connected to wiring S2, and the other of the source or drain is connected to one electrode of the capacitor element C2, the gate of the transistor M, with the gate connected to wiring G2. The other electrode of the capacitor element C2 is connected to one of the source or drain of the transistor M and wiring ANO. The other of the source or drain of the transistor M is connected to one electrode of the light-emitting element 360. The other electrode of the light-emitting element 360 is connected to wiring VCOM2. For switch SW2, one of the source or drain is connected to wiring S2, and the other of the source or drain is connected to one electrode of the capacitor element C2, the gate of the transistor M, with the gate connected to wiring G2. The other electrode of the capacitor element C2 is connected to one of the source or drain of the transistor M and wiring ANO. The other of the source or drain of the transistor M is connected to one electrode of the light-emitting element 360. The other electrode of the light-emitting element 360 is connected to wiring VCOM2. For switch SW2, one of the source or drain is connected to wiring S2, and the other of the source or drain is connected to one electrode of the capacitor element C2, the gate of the transistor M, with the gate connected to wiring G2. The other electrode of the capacitor element C2 is connected to one of the source or drain of the transistor M and wiring ANO. The other of the source or drain of the transistor M is connected to one electrode of the light-emitting element 360. The other electrode of the light-emitting element 360 is connected to wiring VCOM2. For switch SW2, one of the source or drain is connected to wiring S2, and the other of the source or drain is connected to one electrode of the capacitor element C2, the gate of the transistor M, with the gate connected to wiring G2. The other electrode of the capacitor element C2 is connected to one of the source or drain of the transistor M and wiring ANO. The other of the source or drain of the transistor M is connected to one electrode of the light-emitting element 360. The other electrode of the light-emitting element 360 is connected to wiring VCOM2.

[0230] In FIG. 10(A), an example in which the transistor M has two gates sandwiching a semiconductor and these are connected is shown. This can increase the current that the transistor M can conduct. In FIG. 10(A), an example in which the transistor M has two gates sandwiching a semiconductor and these are connected is shown. This can increase the current that the transistor M can conduct. In FIG. 10(A), an example in which the transistor M has two gates sandwiching a semiconductor and these are connected is shown. This can increase the current that the transistor M can conduct.

[0231] A signal for controlling the switch SW1 to a conductive state or a non-conductive state can be given to the wiring G1. A predetermined potential can be given to the wiring VCOM1. To the wiring S1, liquid A signal for controlling the switch SW1 to a conductive state or a non-conductive state can be given to the wiring G1. A predetermined potential can be given to the wiring VCOM1. To the wiring S1, liquid A signal for controlling the alignment state of the liquid crystal included in the pixel element 340 can be provided. Wiring CSC A predetermined potential can be applied to OM.

[0232] A signal for controlling the switch SW2 to be in a conductive state or a non-conductive state can be provided to the wiring G2. Potentials that cause a potential difference across which the light-emitting element 360 emits light can be respectively provided to the wiring VCOM2 and the wiring ANO. A signal for controlling the conduction state of the transistor M can be provided to the wiring S2.

[0233] When performing a display in a reflection mode, for example, the pixel 410 shown in FIG. 10 is driven by signals provided to the wiring G1 and the wiring S1, and can be displayed by utilizing optical modulation by the liquid crystal element 340. When performing a display in a transmission mode, it can be driven by signals provided to the wiring G2 and the wiring S2, and can be displayed by causing the light-emitting element 360 to emit light. When driving in both modes, it can be driven by signals provided to each of the wiring G1, the wiring G2, the wiring S1, and the wiring S2.

[0234] Although FIG. 9 shows an example in which one pixel 410 has one liquid crystal element 340 and one light-emitting element 360, the present invention is not limited to this. FIG. 10(A) shows an example in which one pixel 410 has one liquid crystal element 340 and four light-emitting elements 360 (light-emitting elements 360r, 360g, 360b, 360w). The pixel 410 shown in FIG. 10(A) is a pixel capable of full-color display with one pixel, unlike FIG. 9.

[0235] In FIG. 10(A), in addition to the example of FIG. 9, wiring G3 and wiring S3 are connected to the pixel 410.

[0236] ​​​​​​​​​​​​ In the example shown in FIG. 10(A), for example, four light-emitting elements 360 can be used, each being a light-emitting element that exhibits red (R), green (G), blue (B), and white (W). Further, as the liquid crystal element 340, a reflective liquid crystal element that exhibits white can be used. Thereby , when performing display in the reflection mode, a white display with high reflectivity can be performed. Also , when performing display in the transmission mode, a display with high color rendering can be performed with low power.

[0237] Further, FIG. 10(B) shows a configuration example of the pixel 410. The pixel 410 includes a light-emitting element 360w that overlaps with the opening of the electrode 31 1, and light-emitting elements 360r, 360g, and 360b arranged around the electrode 311. The light-emitting elements 360r, 360g, and 360b preferably have substantially the same light-emitting area.

[0238] [Configuration Example 4 of Display Device] FIG. 11 is a perspective schematic view of a display device 300 according to an aspect of the present invention. The display device 300 has a configuration in which a substrate 351 and a substrate 361 are bonded together. In FIG. 11, the substrate 361 is shown by a broken line.

[0239] The display device 300 includes a display unit 362, a circuit unit 364, a wiring 365, a circuit unit 366, a wiring 3 67, etc. On the substrate 351, for example, a circuit unit 364, a wiring 365, a circuit unit 366, a wiring 3 67, and an electrode 311b that functions as a pixel electrode are provided. Also, in FIG. 11, an example in which an IC 373, an FPC 372, an IC 375, and an FPC 374 are mounted on the substrate 351 is shown. Therefore, the configuration shown in FIG. 11 is the display device 300 and the IC 373, the FPC 3 72, IC 375 and FPC 374.

[0240] The circuit portion 364 can use, for example, a circuit that functions as a scanning line driver circuit.

[0241] The wiring 365 has a function of supplying signals and power to the display portion and the circuit portion 364. Power is input to wiring 365 from the outside via FPC 372 or from IC 373.

[0242] In FIG. 11, a substrate 351 is formed by a COG (Chip On Glass) method or the like. The IC 373 is, for example, a scanning line driving circuit, Alternatively, an IC having a function as a signal line driver circuit or the like can be applied. In some cases, the scanning line driver circuit and the signal line driver circuit are provided. A circuit that functions as a signal line driver circuit is provided externally, and the display device 3 is connected to the display device 3 via the FPC 372. When inputting a signal to drive 00, it is possible to configure without IC373. In addition, the IC373 can be mounted on an FPC using the COF (Chip On Film) method, etc. It may be implemented in 372.

[0243] FIG. 12 shows an enlarged view of a part of the display unit 362. The display unit 362 has a plurality of displays. The electrodes 311b of the display element are arranged in a matrix. The liquid crystal display 300 functions as a reflective electrode for the liquid crystal element 340 described later.

[0244] 12, the electrode 311b has an opening. The light emitting element 360 is disposed on the substrate 351 side. The light from the light emitting element 360 is incident on the electrode 311b. It is injected toward the substrate 361 side through the opening.

[0245] FIG. 12 shows an example of a cross section when a part of the region including the FPC 372, a part of the region including the circuit section 36 4, a part of the region including the display section 362, a part of the region including the circuit section 366, and a part of the region including the FPC 374 of the display device illustrated in FIG. 11 are each cut.

[0246] The display device shown in FIG. 12 has a configuration in which the display panel 700 and the display panel 800 are laminated. The display panel 700 has a resin layer 701 and a resin layer 702. The display panel 80 0 has a resin layer 201 and a resin layer 202. The resin layer 702 and the resin layer 201 are adhered by an adhesive layer 50. Further, the resin layer 701 is adhered to the substrate 351 by an adhesive layer 51. The resin layer 202 is adhered to the substrate 361 by an adhesive layer 52.

[0247] 〔Display Panel 700〕 The display panel 700 has a resin layer 701, an insulating layer 478, a plurality of transistors, a capacitor element 4 05, an insulating layer 411, an insulating layer 412, an insulating layer 413, an insulating layer 414, an insulating layer 415, a light-emitting element 360, a spacer 416, an adhesive layer 417, a coloring layer 425, a light-shielding layer 426, an insulating layer 47 6, and a resin layer 702.

[0248] The circuit section 364 has a transistor 401. The display section 362 has a transistor 402 and a transistor 403.

[0249] Each transistor has a gate, an insulating layer 411, a semiconductor layer, a source, and a drain. The gate and the semiconductor layer overlap via the insulating layer 411. A part of the insulating layer 411 is a gate insulator. It has a function as an insulating layer, and a part of it has a function as a dielectric of the capacitor element 405. The conductive layer that functions as the source or drain of the transistor 402 also serves as one electrode of the capacitor element 405.

[0250] In FIG. 12, a transistor with a bottom gate structure is shown. The circuit section 364 and the display section 362 may have different transistor structures. The circuit section 364 and the display section 362 may each have a plurality of types of transistors.

[0251] The capacitor element 405 has a pair of electrodes and a dielectric therebetween. The capacitor element 405 has a conductive layer formed of the same material and in the same process as the gate of the transistor, and a conductive layer formed of the same material and in the same process as the source and drain of the transistor. The insulating layer 412, the insulating layer 413, and the insulating layer 414 are each provided to cover the transistor and the like. The number of insulating layers covering the transistor and the like is not particularly limited. The insulating layer 414 has a function as a planarization layer. Among the insulating layer 412, the insulating layer 413, and the insulating layer 414, it is preferable to use a material in which impurities such as water or hydrogen hardly diffuse in at least one layer. This can effectively suppress the diffusion of impurities from the outside into the transistor, and improve the reliability of the display device.

[0252] When an organic material is used as the insulating layer 414, there is a risk that impurities such as moisture may enter the light-emitting element 360 and the like from the outside of the display device through the insulating layer 414 exposed at the end of the display device. If the light-emitting element 360 deteriorates due to the intrusion of impurities, it will lead to the deterioration of the display device. Therefore, The number of insulating layers covering the transistor and the like is not particularly limited. The insulating layer 414 has a function as a planarization layer. Among the insulating layer 412, the insulating layer 413, and the insulating layer 414, it is preferable to use a material in which impurities such as water or hydrogen hardly diffuse in at least one layer. This can effectively suppress the diffusion of impurities from the outside into the transistor, and improve the reliability of the display device. Preferably, at least one of the insulating layer 412, the insulating layer 413, and the insulating layer 414 uses a material in which impurities such as water or hydrogen hardly diffuse. This can effectively suppress the diffusion of impurities from the outside into the transistor, and improve the reliability of the display device. It becomes possible, and the reliability of the display device can be improved.

[0253] When an organic material is used for the insulating layer 414, there is a risk that impurities such as moisture may enter the light-emitting element 360 and the like from the outside of the display device through the insulating layer 414 exposed at the end of the display device. If impurities enter, and the light-emitting element 360 deteriorates, it will lead to the deterioration of the display device. Therefore, When the light-emitting element 360 deteriorates due to the intrusion of impurities, it will lead to the deterioration of the display device. Therefore, , As shown in FIG. 12, it is preferable that the insulating layer 414 is not located at the end of the display device. In the configuration of FIG. 12, since the insulating layer made of an organic material is not located at the end of the display device, impurities can be prevented from entering the light-emitting element 360.

[0254] The light-emitting element 360 includes an electrode 421, an EL layer 422, and an electrode 423. The light-emitting element 3 60 may have an optical adjustment layer 424. The light-emitting element 360 has a top emission structure that emits light toward the colored layer 425 side.

[0255] By arranging transistors, capacitor elements, wirings, etc. overlapping with the light-emitting region of the light-emitting element 360, the aperture ratio of the display unit 362 can be increased.

[0256] Of the electrode 421 and the electrode 423, one functions as an anode and the other functions as a cathode. When a voltage higher than the threshold voltage of the light-emitting element 360 is applied between the electrode 421 and the electrode 423, holes are injected into the EL layer 422 from the anode side and electrons are injected from the cathode side. The injected electrons and holes recombine in the EL layer 422, and the light-emitting substance contained in the EL layer 422 emits light.

[0257] The electrode 421 is electrically connected to the source or drain of the transistor 403. These may be directly connected or connected via another conductive layer. The electrode 421 functions as a pixel electrode and is provided for each light-emitting element 360. Two adjacent electrodes 42 1 are electrically insulated by the insulating layer 415.

[0258] The electrode 423 functions as a common electrode and is provided across a plurality of light-emitting elements 360. A fixed potential is supplied to the electrode 423. ​​​​​​

[0259] The light-emitting element 360 overlaps with the colored layer 425 via the adhesive layer 417. The spacer 416 overlaps with the light-shielding layer 426 via the adhesive layer 417. In FIG. 12, a case where there is a gap between the electrode 423 and the light-shielding layer 426 is shown, but they may be in contact with each other. In FIG. 12, a configuration in which the spacer 416 is provided on the substrate 351 side is shown, but it may be provided on the substrate 361 side (for example, the substrate 361 side rather than the light-shielding layer 426).

[0260] By combining the color filter (colored layer 425) and the microcavity structure (optical adjustment layer 424), light with high color purity can be extracted from the display device. The film thickness of the optical adjustment layer 424 is changed according to the color of each pixel.

[0261] The colored layer 425 is a colored layer that transmits light in a specific wavelength range. For example, a color filter that transmits light in the wavelength range of red, green, blue, or yellow can be used.

[0262] Note that one aspect of the present invention is not limited to the color filter method, and a painting method, a color conversion method, or a quantum dot method may be applied.

[0263] The light-shielding layer 426 is provided between adjacent colored layers 425. The light-shielding layer 426 shields light from adjacent light-emitting elements 360 and suppresses color mixing between adjacent light-emitting elements 360. Here, by providing the end portion of the colored layer 425 so as to overlap with the light-shielding layer 426, light leakage can be suppressed. As the light-shielding layer 426, a material that blocks light emitted by the light-emitting element 360 can be used. Note that the light-shielding layer 426 is outside the If it is provided in the region, it is preferable because it can suppress unintentional light leakage caused by guided light or the like.

[0264] An insulating layer 478 is formed on one surface of the resin layer 701. Also, on one surface of the resin layer 702, an insulating layer 476 is formed. It is preferable to use a film with high moisture resistance for the insulating layer 476 and the insulating layer 478. By arranging the light-emitting element 360 and transistors or the like between a pair of insulating layers with high moisture resistance, it is possible to suppress the intrusion of impurities such as water into these elements, which is preferable because the reliability of the display device is improved.

[0265] Examples of the insulating film with high moisture resistance include films containing nitrogen and silicon such as a silicon nitride film and a silicon oxynitride film, and films containing nitrogen and aluminum such as an aluminum nitride film. Also, a silicon oxide film, a silicon oxynitride film, an aluminum oxide film, etc. may be used.

[0266] For example, the water vapor transmission rate of the insulating film with high moisture resistance is 1×10 -5 [g / (m 2 ·day) or less, preferably 1×10 -6 [g / (m 2 ·day)] or less, more preferably 1×1 0 -7 [g / (m 2 ·day)] or less, even more preferably 1×10 -8 [g / (m 2 ·d ay)] or less.

[0267] The connection part 406 has a wiring 365. The wiring 365 can be formed of the same material and in the same process as the source and drain of the transistor. The connection part 406 is electrically connected to an external input terminal that transmits an external signal or potential to the circuit part 3 64. Here, ​​​An example of providing an FPC372 as a partial input terminal is shown. The FPC3 72 and the connection part 406 are electrically connected via the connection layer 419.

[0268] As the connection layer 419, various anisotropic conductive films (ACF: Anisotropic Conductive Film) and anisotropic conductive pastes (ACP: Anisotr opic Conductive Paste) and the like can be used.

[0269] The above is the description of the display panel 700.

[0270] 〔Display Panel 800〕 The display panel 800 is a reflective liquid crystal display device to which the vertical electric field method is applied.

[0271] The display panel 800 includes a resin layer 201, an insulating layer 578, a plurality of transistors, a capacitive element 5 05, wiring 367, insulating layers 511, 512, 513, 514, a liquid crystal element 529, alignment films 564a and 564b, an adhesive layer 517, an insulating layer 576, and a resin layer 202.

[0272] The resin layer 201 and the resin layer 202 are bonded together by the adhesive layer 517. Liquid crystal 563 is sealed in the region surrounded by the resin layer 201, the resin layer 202, and the adhesive layer 517. A polarizing plate 599 is located on the outer surface of the substrate 361. The liquid crystal element 529 includes an electrode 311b, an electrode 562, and a liquid crystal 563. The electrode 311

[0273] b functions as a pixel electrode. The electrode 562 functions as a common electrode. The alignment of the liquid crystal 563 can be controlled by the electric field generated between the electrode 311b and the electrode 562. The liquid crystal 5 ​An alignment film 564a is provided between 63 and the electrode 311b. Between the liquid crystal 563 and the electrode 562 an alignment film 564b is provided.

[0274] The resin layer 202 is provided with an insulating layer 576, an electrode 562, an alignment film 564b, etc. There.

[0275] The resin layer 201 is provided with an electrode 311b, an alignment film 564a, a transistor 501, a transistor 503, a capacitor element 505, a connection portion 506, a wiring 367, etc.

[0276] On the resin layer 201, insulating layers such as an insulating layer 511, an insulating layer 512, an insulating layer 513, and an insulating layer 514 are provided. There.

[0277] Here, among the source or drain of the transistor 503, the conductive layer that is not electrically connected to the electrode 311b may function as part of a signal line. Also, the conductive layer that functions as the gate of the transistor 503 may function as part of a scanning line. There.

[0278] In FIG. 12, an example in which a transistor 501 is provided as an example of the circuit portion 366 is shown. There.

[0279] At least one of the insulating layers 512 and 513 covering each transistor is preferably made of a material in which impurities such as water and hydrogen do not easily diffuse.

[0280] An electrode 311b is provided on the insulating layer 514. The electrode 311b is electrically connected to one of the source or drain of the transistor 503 through openings formed in the insulating layer 514, the insulating layer 513, the insulating layer 512, etc. Also, the electrode 311b is connected to the capacitor element 505 There. There. The electrode is electrically connected to one of the electrodes.

[0281] Since the display panel 800 is a reflective liquid crystal display device, visible light is reflected to the electrode 311b. A conductive material that transmits visible light is used for the electrode 561, and a conductive material that transmits visible light is used for the electrode 562.

[0282] Examples of conductive materials that transmit visible light include indium (In), zinc (Zn), It is advisable to use a material containing one selected from tin (Sn). Indium tin oxide (ITO), indium zinc Lead oxide, indium oxide with tungsten oxide, indium oxide with tungsten oxide Indium zinc oxide, indium oxide with titanium oxide, indium tin oxide with titanium oxide materials, indium tin oxide with silicon oxide (ITSO), zinc oxide, and oxide with gallium ZnO, etc. A film containing graphene may also be used. Graphene The film containing can be formed, for example, by reducing a film containing graphene oxide.

[0283] Examples of conductive materials that reflect visible light include aluminum, silver, and their alloys. Other examples include alloys containing metals such as gold, platinum, nickel, tungsten, and chromium. Metallic materials such as aluminum, molybdenum, iron, cobalt, copper, or palladium, or In addition, the above-mentioned metal material or alloy may contain lanthanum, Neodymium or germanium may be added. Aluminum and titanium alloy , aluminum and nickel alloy, aluminum and neodymium alloy, aluminum, nickel Aluminum-containing alloys such as lanthanum alloys (Al-Ni-La) An alloy containing silver such as an um alloy, an alloy of silver and copper, an alloy of silver, palladium and copper (also denoted as Ag-Pd-Cu, APC), an alloy of silver and magnesium, etc. may be used. The linear polarizing plate may be used as the polarizing plate 599, but a circular polarizing plate may also be used.

[0284] Here, a linear polarizing plate may be used as the polarizing plate 599, but a circular polarizing plate may also be used. As the circular polarizing plate, for example, a laminate of a linear polarizing plate and a quarter-wave retardation plate can be used. Thereby, external light reflection can be suppressed. Further, according to the type of the polarizing plate 599, the cell gap, alignment, driving voltage, etc. of the liquid crystal element used for the liquid crystal element 529 are adjusted so that a desired contrast can be realized. The electrode 562 is electrically connected by a conductive layer provided on the resin layer 201 side and a connector 543 at a portion near the end of the resin layer 202. Thereby, a potential and a signal can be supplied from the FPC 374, IC, etc. disposed on the resin layer 201 side to the electrode 562. As the connector 543, for example, conductive particles can be used. As the conductive particles, those obtained by coating the surface of particles such as organic resin or silica with a metal material can be used. It is preferable to use nickel or gold as the metal material because the contact resistance can be reduced. Further, it is preferable to use particles coated with two or more types of metal materials in layers, such as nickel further coated with gold. Also, as the connector 543, it is preferable to use a material that elastically deforms or plastically deforms. At this time, the connector 543, which is a conductive particle, may have a shape crushed in the vertical direction as shown in FIG. 12. By doing so, the contact area between the connector 543 and the conductive layer electrically connected thereto increases, the contact resistance can be reduced, and connection failures, etc.

[0285] The electrode 562 is electrically connected by a conductive layer provided on the resin layer 201 side and a connector 543 at a portion near the end of the resin layer 202. Thereby, a potential and a signal can be supplied from the FPC 374, IC, etc. disposed on the resin layer 201 side to the electrode 562. As the connector 543, for example, conductive particles can be used.

[0286] As the connector 543, for example, conductive particles can be used. As the conductive particles, those obtained by coating the surface of particles such as organic resin or silica with a metal material can be used. It is preferable to use nickel or gold as the metal material because the contact resistance can be reduced. Further, it is preferable to use particles coated with two or more types of metal materials in layers, such as nickel further coated with gold. Also, as the connector 543, it is preferable to use a material that elastically deforms or plastically deforms. At this time, the connector 543, which is a conductive particle, may have a shape crushed in the vertical direction as shown in FIG. 12. By doing so, the contact area between the connector 543 and the conductive layer electrically connected thereto increases, the contact resistance can be reduced, and connection failures, etc. can be reduced. It is possible to suppress the occurrence of defects.

[0287] The connector 543 is preferably arranged so as to be covered by the adhesive layer 517. For example, the connector 543 may be dispersed in the adhesive layer 517 before curing.

[0288] A connection portion 506 is provided in a region near the end of the resin layer 201. The connection portion 506 is electrically connected to the FPC 374 via the connection layer 519.

[0289] The above is the description of the display panel 800.

[0290] 〔Regarding the display element〕 As the display element included in the first pixel located on the display surface side, an element that reflects external light and displays can be used. Since such an element does not have a light source, the power consumption during display can be extremely small. As the display element included in the first pixel, typically, a reflective liquid crystal element can be used. Alternatively, as the display element included in the first pixel, a shutter type MEMS (Micro Electro Mechanical Syste m) element, a MEMS element of the optical interference type, in addition to a microcapsule type, an electrophoresis type, an electro wetting type, an element to which an electronic ink (registered trademark) type or the like is applied can be used.

[0291] In addition, the display element included in the second pixel located on the side opposite to the display surface side has a light source, and an element that uses the light from the light source to display can be used. The light emitted by such a pixel is not affected by external light in terms of its luminance and chromaticity, so the color reproducibility is high (the color gamut is wide ​) and can perform a display with high contrast, that is, vivid display. The second pixel has For the display element to be used, for example, an organic light emitting diode (OLED), a light emitting diode (LED), a quantum dot light emitting diode (QLED), or the like can be used. Alternatively, as the display element included in the second pixel, a backlight which is a light source and a transmissive liquid crystal element which controls the amount of transmitted light of the light from the backlight may be combined and used.

[0292] 〔Liquid Crystal Element〕 As the liquid crystal element, for example, a liquid crystal element to which a vertical alignment (VA) mode is applied can be used. As the vertical alignment mode, an MVA ( Multi-Domain Vertical Alignment) mode, a PVA ( Patterned Vertical Alignment) mode, an ASV (Advanced Super View) mode, or the like can be used.

[0293] In addition, as the liquid crystal element, a liquid crystal element to which various modes are applied can be used. For example, in addition to the VA mode, a TN (Twisted Nematic) mode, an IPS (In-Plane-Switching) mode, an FFS (Fringe Field Switching) mode, an ASM (Axially Symmetric aligned Micro-cell) mode, an OCB (Optically Compensated Birefringence) mode, an FLC (Ferroelectric L) mode, or the like can be used. ​​​Liquid Crystal mode, AFLC (AntiFerroelectric Liquid Crystal) mode, etc. can be applied to use a liquid crystal element 。 。

[0294] Note that the liquid crystal element is an element that controls light transmission or non - transmission by the optical modulation action of liquid crystal Note that the optical modulation action of liquid crystal is controlled by an electric field applied to the liquid crystal (including a horizontal electric field, a vertical electric field, or an oblique - direction electric field). Note that as the liquid crystal used in the liquid crystal element 。 Thermotropic liquid crystal, low - molecular liquid crystal, high - molecular liquid crystal, polymer - dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC: Polymer Dispersed Liquid Crystal), ferroelectric liquid crystal 。 Antiferroelectric liquid crystal, guest - host liquid crystal, etc. can be used. These liquid crystal materials 。 Show a cholesteric phase, a smectic phase, a cubic phase, a chiral nematic phase, an isotropic phase, etc. depending on conditions

[0295] Also, as the liquid crystal material, either a positive - type liquid crystal or a negative - type liquid crystal can be used 。

[0296] Also, in order to control the alignment of the liquid crystal, an alignment film can be provided. Note that when adopting the horizontal - electric - field method 。 。 。 。 。 In addition, the liquid crystal composition containing the liquid crystal exhibiting the blue phase and the chiral agent does not require alignment treatment. In addition, no alignment film is required, and the viewing angle dependency is small. This prevents electrostatic damage caused by rubbing, and This can reduce defects and damage to the liquid crystal display device during the manufacturing process.

[0297] When using a reflective liquid crystal element, a polarizing plate is provided on the display surface side. It is preferable to place a light diffusion plate on the display surface side, since this improves visibility.

[0298] [Light-emitting element] The light-emitting element may be a self-emitting element that is illuminated by a current or a voltage. This category includes devices whose brightness can be controlled, such as LEDs, QLEDs, and OLEDs. In the present embodiment, an inorganic EL element or the like can be used. It is preferable to use an optical element.

[0299] In this embodiment, a top emission type light emitting element can be used as the light emitting element. It is preferable to use a conductive film that transmits visible light for the electrode from which light is extracted. It is preferable to use a conductive film that reflects visible light for the electrode on the other side. The device may be a single device having one EL layer, or multiple EL layers may be combined into a charge generating layer. Alternatively, the elements may be stacked in tandem with one another via an intermediate layer.

[0300] The EL layer has at least a light-emitting layer. The EL layer has a hole-injecting layer as a layer other than the light-emitting layer. high hole transporting material, hole blocking material, high electron transporting material, electron injection The material contains a highly conductive material or a bipolar material (a material with high electron transport and hole transport properties). It may further have a mu layer.

[0301] For the EL layer, the low molecular weight compounds, high molecular weight compounds, and inorganic compounds listed in the previous Embodiment 1 can be used. Each layer constituting the EL layer can be formed by methods such as vapor deposition (including vacuum vapor deposition), transfer method, printing method, inkjet method, coating method, etc.

[0302] 〔Adhesive layer〕 As the adhesive layer, various curable adhesives such as photocurable adhesives such as ultraviolet curable type, reaction curable adhesives, thermosetting adhesives, anaerobic adhesives, etc. can be used. These adhesives include epoxy resin, acrylic resin, silicone resin, phenol resin, polyimide resin, imide resin, PVC (polyvinyl chloride) resin, PVB (polyvinyl butyral) resin, E VA (ethylene vinyl acetate) resin, etc. are mentioned. In particular, materials with low moisture permeability such as epoxy resin are preferred. Also, a two-component mixed resin may be used. Also, an adhesive sheet or the like may be used. Moreover, the above resin may contain a desiccant. For example, substances that adsorb moisture by chemical adsorption, such as oxides of alkaline earth metals (calcium oxide, barium oxide, etc.), can be used. Or, substances that adsorb moisture by physical adsorption, such as zeolite and silica gel, may be used. When a desiccant is included, it is possible to suppress the intrusion of impurities such as moisture into the element, which is preferable because the reliability of the display panel is improved.

[0303] In addition, by mixing a filler with a high refractive index or a light scattering member into the above resin, the light extraction efficiency can be improved. For example, titanium oxide, barium oxide, zeolite, di ... ... ...

[0304] In addition, by mixing a filler with a high refractive index or a light scattering member into the above resin, the light extraction efficiency can be improved. For example, titanium oxide, barium oxide, zeolite, di Lutetium or the like can be used.

[0305] [Connection layer] As the connection layer, an anisotropic conductive film (ACF: Anisotropic Condu ctive Film), an anisotropic conductive paste (ACP: Anisotropic C onductive Paste), or the like can be used.

[0306] [Coloring layer] Examples of materials that can be used for the coloring layer include resin materials containing metal materials, resin materials, pigments, or dyes.

[0307] [Light-shielding layer] Examples of materials that can be used as the light-shielding layer include carbon black, titanium black, metals, metal oxides, composite oxides containing a solid solution of multiple metal oxides, and the like. The light-shielding layer may be a film containing a resin material, or may be a thin film of an inorganic material such as a metal. Also, a laminated film of a film containing the material of the coloring layer can be used for the light-shielding layer. For example, a laminated structure of a film containing the material used for a coloring layer that transmits light of a certain color and a film containing the material used for a coloring layer that transmits light of another color can be used. By sharing the materials of the coloring layer and the light-shielding layer, it is preferable because the device can be shared and the process can be simplified.

[0308] As described above, the configuration shown in this embodiment can be appropriately combined with the configuration shown in other embodiments.

[0309] (Embodiment 5) In this embodiment, an electronic device including the light-emitting element shown in Embodiment 1 and Embodiment 2 in part will be described. The light-emitting element described in Embodiment 1 and Embodiment 2 is one aspect of the present invention. ​ Since it includes a light-emitting element according to the above, it is a light-emitting element with high luminous efficiency and good reliability, and as a result, the electronic device described in this embodiment can be an electronic device having a display unit with reduced power consumption and good reliability.

[0310] <Explanation of display module>

[0311] The display module 6000 shown in Fig. 13(A) has a display panel 6006, a frame 6009, a printed circuit board 6010, and a battery 6011 connected to an FPC 6005 between an upper cover 6001 and a lower cover 60 02.

[0312] For example, a display device manufactured using one aspect of the present invention can be used for the display panel 6006. Thereby, a display module can be manufactured with a high yield.

[0313] The upper cover 6001 and the lower cover 6002 can be appropriately changed in shape and dimensions according to the size of the display panel 6006.

[0314] Also, a touch panel may be provided on top of the display panel 6006. As the touch panel, a resistive film type or a capacitive type touch panel can be superimposed on the display panel 6006 and used. Also, it is possible not to provide a touch panel and to give the display panel 6006 a touch panel function.

[0315] The frame 6009 has a function as an electromagnetic shield for blocking electromagnetic waves generated by the operation of the printed circuit board 6010 in addition to the protection function of the display panel 6006. Also, the frame 6009 may have a function as a heat sink. ​

[0316] The printed circuit board 6010 has a power circuit and a signal processing circuit for outputting video signals and clock signals. As the power source for supplying power to the power circuit, it may be an external commercial power source or a power source by a separately provided battery 6011. The battery 6011 can be omitted when using a commercial power source. Also, the display module 6000 may be additionally provided with members such as a polarizing plate, a retardation plate, and a prism sheet. Figure 13(B) is a schematic cross-sectional view of the display module 6000 provided with an optical touch sensor. The display module 6000 has a light emitting portion 6015 and a light receiving portion 6016 provided on the printed circuit board 6010. Also, a pair of light guide portions (light guide portion 6017a, light guide portion 6017b) are provided in a region surrounded by the upper cover 6001 and the lower cover 6002.

[0317] The upper cover 6001 and the lower cover 6002 can be made of, for example, plastic. Also, the upper cover 6001 and the lower cover 6002 can each be made thin (for example, 0.5 mm or more and 5 mm or less). Therefore, the display module 6000 can be made extremely lightweight. Also, since the upper cover 6001 and the lower cover 6002 can be manufactured with less material, the manufacturing cost can be reduced. The display panel 6006 is provided overlapping the printed circuit board 6010 and the battery 6011 with the frame 6009 in between. The display panel 6006 and the frame 6009 are

[0318]

[0319]

[0320]

[0321] ​​​​​​​​​​​​ It is fixed to the light guide part 6017a and the light guide part 6017b.

[0322] The light 6018 emitted from the light emitting part 6015 passes through the upper part of the display panel 60 06 via the light guide part 6017a, and reaches the light receiving part 6016 through the light guide part 6017b. For example, when the light 6018 is blocked by a detected object such as a finger or a stylus, the touch operation can be detected. can be detected.

[0323] A plurality of light emitting parts 6015 are provided, for example, along two adjacent sides of the display panel 6006. A plurality of light receiving parts 6016 are provided at positions facing each other with the light emitting part 6015 interposed therebetween. Thereby, information on the position where the touch operation is performed can be obtained.

[0324] As the light emitting part 6015, a light source such as an LED element can be used. In particular, it is preferable to use a light source that emits infrared rays which are not visible to the user and are harmless to the user as the light emitting part 6015.

[0325] As the light receiving part 6016, a photoelectric element that receives the light emitted from the light emitting part 6015 and converts it into an electric signal can be used. Preferably, a photodiode capable of receiving infrared rays can be used.

[0326] As the light guide part 6017a and the light guide part 6017b, at least a member that transmits the light 6018 can be used. By using the light guide part 6017a and the light guide part 6017b, the light emitting part 6015 and the light receiving part 6016 can be arranged below the display panel 6006, and it is possible to suppress external light from reaching the light receiving part 6016 and causing the touch sensor to malfunction. In particular, visible light It is preferable to use a resin that absorbs and transmits infrared rays. This can more effectively suppress the erroneous operation of the touch sensor.

[0327] One aspect of the present invention can be used at least for the display panel 6006.

[0328] <Description of electronic device> Figs. 14(A) to 14(G) are diagrams showing an electronic device. These electronic devices include a housing 9000, a display unit 9001, a speaker 9003, operation keys 9005 (including a power switch or an operation switch), connection terminals 9006, a sensor 9007 (capable of measuring force, displacement, position, speed, acceleration, angular velocity, rotation speed, distance, light, liquid, magnetism, temperature, chemical substances, sound, time, hardness, electric field, current, voltage, power, radiation, flow rate, humidity, gradient, vibration, odor or infrared rays), a microphone 9008, etc. Further, the sensor 9 007 may have a function of measuring biological information such as a pulse sensor or a fingerprint sensor.

[0329] The electronic devices shown in Figs. 14(A) to 14(G) can have various functions. For example, functions such as displaying various information (still images, moving images, text images, etc.) on the display unit, touch sensor function, calendar, date or time display function, function of controlling processing by various software ([[]] programs), wireless communication function, function of connecting to various computer networks using the wireless communication function, function of transmitting or receiving various data using the wireless communication function, function of reading out programs or data recorded on a recording medium and displaying them on the display unit, etc. can be provided. Note that Figs. 14(A) to 14(G) ​​The functions that the illustrated electronic device can have are not limited to these, and it can have various functions. Although not shown in FIGS. 14(A) to 14(G), the electronic device may have a configuration having a plurality of display units. Further, a camera or the like may be provided in the electronic device, and it may have functions such as a function of taking a still image, a function of taking a moving image, a function of storing the taken image in a recording medium (external or built in the camera), and a function of displaying the taken image on a display unit. For the details of the electronic device shown in FIGS. 14(A) to 14(G), the following description will be given. FIG. 14(A) is a perspective view showing a portable information terminal 9100. The display unit 9001 of the portable information terminal 9100 has flexibility. Therefore, it is possible to incorporate the display unit 9001 along the curved surface of the curved housing 9000. Further, the display unit 9001 is provided with a touch sensor and can be operated by touching the screen with a finger or a stylus. For example, an application can be launched by touching an icon displayed on the display unit 9001.

[0330]

[0331] FIG. 14(B) is a perspective view showing a portable information terminal 9101. The portable information terminal 9101 has one or more functions selected from, for example, a telephone, a notebook, or an information browsing device. Specifically, it can be used as a smartphone. Note that the portable information terminal 9101 is illustrated with the speaker 9003, the connection terminal 9006, the sensor 9007, etc. omitted, but they can be provided at the same positions as those of the portable information terminal 9100 shown in FIG. 14(A). Further, the portable information terminal 9101 can display character and image information on its plurality of surfaces. For example,

[0332] ​​​​​​​​​​​​​Three operation buttons 9050 (also referred to as operation icons or simply icons) can be displayed on one surface of the display unit 900 1. It can also display information 9051 indicated by a dashed rectangle on the other surface of the display unit 90 01. As an example of the information 9051, there are displays for notifying incoming calls such as e-mails , SNS (Social Networking Service), and phone calls, titles of e-mails, SNS, etc., sender names of e-mails, SNS, etc., date and time, time, battery remaining amount, displays indicating the strength of received signals such as radio waves, etc. Or, instead of the information 9051 at the position where the information 9051 is displayed, operation buttons 9050, etc. may be displayed instead.

[0333] As the material of the housing 9000, for example, alloys, plastics, ceramics, etc. can be used . As the plastic, reinforced plastic can also be used. Carbon fiber reinforced resin composite (Carbon Fiber Reinf orced Plastics: CFRP), which is a type of reinforced plastic, is lightweight and has the advantage of not corroding . Also, as other reinforced plastics, reinforced plastics using glass fibers and reinforced plastics using aramid fibers can be mentioned. When receiving a strong impact compared to an alloy, since there is a risk of the fibers peeling off from the resin, an alloy is preferred. Examples of alloys include aluminum alloys and magnesium alloys. Among them, an amorphous alloy containing zirconium, copper, nickel, and titanium (also called metallic glass) is excellent in terms of elastic strength. This amorphous alloy is an amorphous alloy having a glass transition region at room temperature and is also called a bulk solidified amorphous alloy, and is an alloy having a substantially amorphous atomic structure. By the solidification casting method, less ​​​​At least a part of the alloy material is cast into the mold of the housing and solidified to form a part of the housing from a bulk-solidified non- crystalline alloy. The amorphous alloy may contain, in addition to zirconium, copper, nickel, and titanium, bery llium, silicon, niobium, boron, gallium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, iron, cobalt, yttrium, vanadium, phosphorus, carbon, etc. Further, the amorphous alloy is not limited to the solidification casting method, and may be formed by a vacuum deposition method, a sputtering method, an electrolytic plating method, an electroless plating method, or the like. Further, the amorphous alloy may contain microcrystals or nanocrystals as long as it maintains a state without a long-range order (periodic structure) as a whole. In addition, the alloy shall include both a complete solid solution alloy having a single solid phase structure and a partial solid solution having two or more phases. By using the amorphous alloy for the housing 9000, a housing having high elasticity can be realized. Therefore, even if the portable information terminal 9101 is dropped, if the housing 9000 is made of an amorphous alloy, it will temporarily deform and return to its original state at the moment of impact, so the impact resistance of the portable information terminal 9101 can be improved.

[0334] FIG. 14(C) is a perspective view showing a portable information terminal 9102. The portable information terminal 9102 has a function of displaying information on three or more sides of the display unit 9001. Here, an example is shown in which information 9052, information 9053, and information 9054 are displayed on different surfaces, respectively. For example, a user of the portable information terminal 9102 can confirm the display (here, information 9053) in a state where the portable information terminal 9102 is stored in the breast pocket of a suit. Specifically, the phone number or name of the It is displayed in the position. The user can check the display without taking out the portable information terminal 9102 from the pocket and determine whether to answer the call.

[0335] FIG. 14(D) is a perspective view showing a wristwatch-type portable information terminal 9200. The portable information terminal 9200 can execute various applications such as a mobile phone, e-mail, text viewing and creation, music playback, Internet communication and computer games. In addition, the display unit 9001 is provided with a curved display surface and can perform display along the curved display surface. In addition, the portable information terminal 9200 can execute communication-standard short-range wireless communication and can communicate with, for example, a wireless headset capable of wireless communication to make a hands-free call. In addition, the portable information terminal 9200 has a connection terminal 9006 and can directly exchange data with other information terminals via a connector. In addition, charging can also be performed via the connection terminal 9006. Note that the charging operation may be performed by wireless power supply without using the connection terminal 900 6.

[0336] FIGS. 14(E), (F), and (G) are perspective views showing a foldable portable information terminal 9201. FIG. 14(E) is a perspective view of the portable information terminal 9201 in an unfolded state, and FIG. 14 (F) is a perspective view of the portable information terminal 9201 in a state of changing from one of the unfolded state or the folded state to the other, and FIG. 14(G) is a perspective view of the portable information terminal 9201 in a folded state. The portable information terminal 9201 has excellent portability in the folded state and excellent display listability due to a seamless wide display area in the unfolded state. The portable information terminal 92 ​​​​​​​The display unit 9001 of 01 is supported by three housings 9000 connected by a hinge 9055. By bending between two housings 9000 via the hinge 9055, the portable information terminal 9201 can be reversibly deformed from the unfolded state to the folded state. For example, the portable information terminal 9201 can be bent with a radius of curvature of 1 mm or more and 150 mm or less.

[0337] In addition, examples of the electronic device include a television device (also referred to as a television or a television receiver), a monitor for a computer, a digital camera, a digital video camera, a digital photo frame, a mobile phone (also referred to as a mobile phone or a mobile phone device), a goggle-type display (head-mounted display), a portable game machine, a portable information terminal, an audio reproduction device, and a large game machine such as a pachinko machine.

[0338] Moreover, the electronic device according to one aspect of the present invention may have a secondary battery, and it is preferable that the secondary battery can be charged using non-contact power transmission.

[0339] Examples of the secondary battery include lithium-ion secondary batteries such as lithium polymer batteries (lithium ion polymer batteries) using a gel electrolyte, lithium ion batteries, nickel metal hydride batteries, nickel cadmium batteries, organic radical batteries, lead storage batteries, air secondary batteries, nickel zinc batteries, silver zinc lead batteries, and the like.

[0340] The electronic device according to one aspect of the present invention may have an antenna. By receiving a signal with the antenna, the display unit can display images, information, and the like. Further, when the electronic device has a secondary battery, the antenna may be used for non-contact power transmission.​​​​

[0341] Figures 15(A), (B), and (C) show foldable electronic devices respectively.

[0342] The electronic device 900 shown in Figure 15(A) includes a housing 901a, a housing 901b, a hinge 903, a display unit 902, etc. The display unit 902 is incorporated into the housing 901a and the housing 901b.

[0343] The housing 901a and the housing 901b are rotatably connected by a hinge 903. The electronic device 900 can be deformed between a state where the housing 901a and the housing 901b are closed and an open state as shown in Figure 15(A). Thereby, it has excellent portability when carried, and excellent visibility due to a large display area when in use.

[0344] Also, the hinge 903 preferably has a locking mechanism so that when the housing 901a and the housing 901b are opened, their angles do not exceed a predetermined angle. For example, the angle at which the lock is engaged (beyond which it cannot be opened further) is preferably 90 degrees or more and less than 180 degrees, typically 90 degrees, 120 degrees, 135 degrees, or 150 degrees, 175 degrees, etc. Thereby, convenience, safety, and reliability can be enhanced.

[0345] The display unit 902 functions as a touch panel and can be operated by a finger, a stylus, etc.

[0346] A wireless communication module is provided in either one of the housing 901a or the housing 901b, for the Internet, LAN (Local Area Network), Wi-Fi (registered ​It is possible to transmit and receive data via a computer network such as a trademark .

[0347] The display unit 902 is preferably composed of a single flexible display . This enables continuous display without interruption between the housing 901a and the housing 901b . Note that each of the housing 901a and the housing 901b may be provided with a display .

[0348] Fig. 15(B) shows an electronic device 910 that functions as a portable game machine. The electronic device 910 includes a housing 911a, a housing 911b, a display unit 912, a hinge 913, operation buttons 914a, operation buttons 914b, etc.

[0349] In addition, a cartridge 915 can be inserted into the housing 911b. The cartridge 915 stores application software such as games, for example, and by exchanging the cartridge 915, various applications can be executed on the electronic device 910 .

[0350] Also, Fig. 15(B) shows an example where the sizes of the portions of the display unit 912 that overlap with the housing 911a and the housing 911b are different. Specifically, a part of the display unit 912 provided on the housing 911a is larger than a part of the display unit 912 that overlaps with the housing 911b where the operation buttons 914a and the operation buttons 914b are provided. For example, a main screen display is performed on the housing 911a side of the display unit 912, and an operation screen display is performed on the housing 911b side, etc., and each display unit can be used separately .

[0351] ​The electronic device 920 shown in Fig. 15(C) includes a housing 921a and a housing 921b connected by a hinge 923, and a flexible display unit 922 is provided across the housing 921a and the housing 921b.

[0352] In Fig. 15(C), when the housing 921a and the housing 921b are opened, the display unit 922 is held in a largely curved form. For example, the display unit 922 can be held in a state where the radius of curvature is 1 mm or more and 50 mm or less, preferably 5 mm or more and 30 mm or less. A part of the display unit 922 has pixels continuously arranged from the housing 921a to the housing 921b, and can perform a curved surface display. Since the hinge 923 has the above-described lock mechanism, it is possible to prevent the display unit 922 from being damaged without applying an excessive force to the display unit 922. Therefore, a highly reliable electronic device can be realized.

[0353] Fig. 16(A) shows a video camera, which has a housing 7701, a housing 7702, a display unit 7703, operation keys 7704, a lens 7705, a connection part 7706, etc. The operation keys 7704 and the lens 7705 are provided on the housing 7701, and the display unit 7703 is provided on the housing 7702.

[0354] The housing 7701 and the housing 7702 are connected by the connection part 7706, and the angle between the housing 7701 and the housing 7702 can be changed by the connection part 7706. It is also possible to configure the video on the display unit 7703 to be switched according to the angle between the housing 7701 and the housing 7702 at the connection part 7706. Fig. 16(B) shows a notebook personal computer, which has a housing 7121, a display unit 712

[0355]

[0355] 2. It has a keyboard 7123, a pointing device 7124, etc. Note that the display unit 7 122 has a very high pixel density and can be made high-definition. Therefore, even though it is small and medium-sized, it can perform 8k display and obtain a very clear image.

[0356] Figure 16(C) shows the appearance of the head-mounted display 7200.

[0357] The head-mounted display 7200 has a mounting part 7201, a lens 7202, a main body 72 03, a display unit 7204, a cable 7205, etc. Also, a battery 7206 is built into the mounting part 7201.

[0358] The cable 7205 supplies power from the battery 7206 to the main body 7203. The main body 72 03 is equipped with a wireless receiver, etc., and can display video information such as received image data on the display unit 7204. Also, the camera provided on the main body 7203 captures the movement of the user's eyeballs and eyelids, and calculates the coordinates of the user's viewpoint based on that information, so that the user's viewpoint can be used as an input means.

[0359] Also, a plurality of electrodes may be provided at positions where the mounting part 7201 touches the user. The main body 7203 may have a function of recognizing the user's viewpoint by detecting the current flowing through the electrodes as the user's eyeballs move. Also, by detecting the current flowing through the electrodes, it may have a function of monitoring the user's pulse. Also, the mounting part 720 1 may have various sensors such as a temperature sensor, a pressure sensor, and an acceleration sensor, and may have a function of displaying the user's biological information on the display unit 7204. Also, the user's head Detect the movement of the unit and change the video displayed on the display unit 7204 according to the movement. This is also acceptable.

[0360] Fig. 16(D) shows the appearance of the camera 7300. The camera 7300 includes a housing 7301, a front display unit 7302, operation buttons 7303, a shutter button 7304, a coupling part 7305, etc. The camera 7300 can also be equipped with a lens 7306.

[0361] The coupling part 7305 has electrodes and can be connected to a finder 7400 (to be described later) and a strobe device etc.

[0362] Here, the camera 7300 is configured such that the lens 7306 can be removed from the housing 7301 and replaced, but the lens 7306 and the housing 7301 may also be integrated.

[0363] By pressing the shutter button 7304, imaging can be performed. Also, the display unit 7 302 has a touch sensor, and imaging is also possible by operating the display unit 7302.

[0364] The display device of one aspect of the present invention or a touch sensor can be applied to the display unit 7302.

[0365] Fig. 16(E) shows an example of the case where the finder 7400 is attached to the camera 7300.

[0366] The finder 7400 includes a housing 7401, a display unit 7402, buttons 7403, etc.

[0367] The housing 7401 has a coupling part that engages with the coupling part 7305 of the camera 7300.​​​​​ The viewfinder 7400 can be attached to the camera 7300. Further, the coupling part has an electrode, and images and the like received from the camera 7300 via the electrode can be displayed on the display unit 7402.

[0368] The button 7403 has a function as a power button. By operating the button 7403, the display on the display unit 7402 can be switched between on and off.

[0369] In FIGS. 16(D) and (E), the camera 7300 and the viewfinder 7400 are separate electronic devices and are configured to be detachable from each other. However, a display device according to an aspect of the present invention, or a viewfinder provided with a touch sensor, may be incorporated in the housing 7301 of the camera 7300. .

[0370] FIGS. 17(A) to (E) are diagrams showing the appearances of the head-mounted displays 7500 and 7510.

[0371] The head-mounted display 7500 includes a housing 7501, two display units 7502, an operation button 7503, and a band-shaped fixture 7504.

[0372] In addition to the functions of the head-mounted display 7200, the head-mounted display 7500 includes two display units.

[0373] By having two display units 7502, the user can view one display unit for each eye. Accordingly, even when performing a three-dimensional display or the like using parallax, a high-resolution image can be displayed. Further, the display units 7502 are circular arcs centered approximately on the user's eyes. ​​​​It is curved in such a shape. As a result, the distance from the user's eyes to the display surface of the display unit becomes constant. Therefore, the user can view a more natural image. Also, even when the brightness and chromaticity of the light from the display unit change depending on the viewing angle, since the user's eyes are positioned in the direction normal to the display surface of the display unit, the influence can be substantially ignored, and thus a more realistic image can be displayed.

[0374] The operation button 7503 has functions such as a power button. Also, in addition to the operation button 7503 it may have other buttons.

[0375] Also, the head-mounted display 7510 has a housing 7501, a display unit 7502, a band-shaped fixture 7504, and a pair of lenses 7505.

[0376] The user can visually recognize the display of the display unit 7502 through the lenses 7505. Note that it is preferable to arrange the display unit 7502 in a curved manner. By arranging the display unit 7502 in a curved manner, the user can feel a high sense of immersion.

[0377] The display device of one aspect of the present invention can be applied to the display unit 7502. Since the display device of one aspect of the present invention can achieve high definition, even when magnified using the lenses 75 05 as shown in Fig. 17(E), pixels are not visually recognized by the user, and a more realistic image can be displayed.

[0378] Fig. 18(A) shows an example of a television device. The television device 9300 has a display unit 9001 incorporated in a housing 9 000. Here, a configuration in which the housing 9 000 is supported by a stand 9301 is shown.

[0379] The operation of the television apparatus 9300 shown in Fig. 18(A) can be performed by the operation switches provided on the housing 9000 or by a separate remote control operation unit 9311. Alternatively, the display unit 90 01 may be provided with a touch sensor, and the operation may be performed by touching the display unit 9001 with a finger or the like. The remote control operation unit 9311 may have a display unit for displaying the information output from the remote control operation unit 9311. The operation keys or touch panel provided in the remote control operation unit 9311 can be used to operate channels and volume, and the video displayed on the display unit 9001 can be operated.

[0380] Note that the television apparatus 9300 has a configuration including a receiver, a modem, etc. The receiver can receive general television broadcasts. Also, by connecting to a communication network via a modem, either wired or wireless, one-way (from sender to receiver) or two-way information communication (between sender and receiver, or between receivers, etc.) can be performed.

[0381] In addition, since the electronic device or lighting device according to one aspect of the present invention has flexibility, it can also be incorporated along the inner wall or outer wall of a house or building, or along the curved surface of the interior or exterior of an automobile.

[0382] Fig. 18(B) shows the exterior of the automobile 9700. Fig. 18(C) shows the driver's seat of the automobile 9700. The automobile 9700 has a vehicle body 9701, wheels 9702, a dashboard 9703, a la ​​​​​​​​​​​A display device, a light-emitting device, or the like according to an aspect of the present invention can be provided in the display unit 9715.

[0383] The display unit 9710 and the display unit 9711 are display devices provided on the windshield of an automobile. There is. A display device, a light-emitting device, or the like according to an aspect of the present invention makes electrodes and wiring made of a conductive material having translucency, so that the opposite side can be seen through, so-called see-through state. It can be made. If the display unit 9710 or the display unit 9711 is in a see-through state, it will not obstruct the view even during the operation of the automobile 9700. Therefore, a display device or a light-emitting device according to an aspect of the present invention can be installed on the windshield of the automobile 9700. When providing a transistor or the like for driving the display device or the light-emitting device or the like, an organic transistor using an organic semiconductor material, a transistor using an oxide semiconductor, or the like, a translucent transistor is used. It is good to use.

[0384] The display unit 9712 is a display device provided in the pillar portion. For example, by projecting the video from the imaging means provided on the vehicle body onto the display unit 9712, the view blocked by the pillar can be supplemented. The display unit 9713 is a display device provided in the dashboard portion. For example, by projecting the video from the imaging means provided on the vehicle body onto the display unit 9713, the view blocked by the dashboard can be supplemented. That is, by projecting the video from the imaging means provided outside the automobile, the blind spot can be compensated and the safety can be improved. In addition, by projecting a video that supplements the invisible part, it is possible to perform a safety check more naturally without a sense of discomfort.

[0385] ​​​​​​​​​​​​​Figure 18(D) shows the interior of a vehicle that uses bench seats for the driver's seat and the front passenger's seat. The display unit 9721 is a display device provided on the door portion. For example, by projecting the video from the imaging means provided on the vehicle body onto the display unit 9721, the field of view blocked by the door can be complemented. Further, the display unit 9722 is a display device provided on the steering wheel. The display unit 9723 is a display device provided at the center of the seat surface of the bench seat. Incidentally, by installing the display device on the seat surface, the backrest portion, etc., the display device can also be used as a seat heater using the heat generated by the display device as a heat source.

[0386] The display unit 9714, the display unit 9715, or the display unit 9722 can provide various other information such as navigation information, speedometer, tachometer, driving distance, fuel supply amount, gear state, air conditioner settings, etc. Also, the display items and layout displayed on the display unit can be appropriately changed according to the user's preference. Incidentally, the above information can also be displayed on the display units 9710 to 9713, the display unit 9721, and the display unit 9723. Further, the display units 9710 to 9715, the display units 9721 to 9723 can also be used as lighting devices. Also, the display units 9710 to 9715, the display units 9721 to 9723 can also be used as heating devices.

[0387] The display device 9500 shown in FIGS. 19(A) and 19(B) includes a plurality of display panels 9501, a shaft portion 9 511, and a bearing portion 9512. Further, the plurality of display panels 9501 have a display area 9502 and a light-transmissive area 9503.

[0388] ​​​​​​​In addition, the plurality of display panels 9501 are flexible. Also, two adjacent display panels 9501 are provided such that a part of them overlaps with each other. For example, the light-transmitting regions 9503 of two adjacent display panels 9501 can be overlapped. By using the plurality of display panels 9501, a large-screen display device can be formed. Also, since the display panels 9501 can be wound up according to the usage situation, a display device with excellent versatility can be formed.

[0389] In FIGS. 19(A) and (B), the display regions 9502 are shown as being separated by the adjacent display panels 950 1, but the present invention is not limited to this. For example, by overlapping the display regions 9502 of adjacent display panels 9 501 without a gap, a continuous display region 9502 may be formed.

[0390] The electronic device described in this embodiment has a display unit for displaying some kind of information. However, the light-emitting element according to one aspect of the present invention can also be applied to an electronic device that does not have a display unit. Also, in the display unit of the electronic device described in this embodiment, an example of a configuration that has flexibility and can perform display along a curved display surface, or a foldable display unit has been illustrated, but the present invention is not limited to this, and a configuration that does not have flexibility and performs display on a flat surface may also be used. The configuration shown in this embodiment can be used in appropriate combination with the configuration shown in other embodiments.

[0391]

[0392] (Embodiment 6) In this embodiment, a light-emitting device having a light-emitting element according to one aspect of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 20 and This will be described with reference to FIG. 21.

[0393] A perspective view of the light-emitting device 3000 shown in this embodiment is shown in FIG. 20(A), and a cross-sectional view corresponding to the dash-dotted line E-F shown in FIG. 20(A) is shown in FIG. 20(B). In FIG. 20(A), in order to avoid complication of the drawing, a part of the components is shown by a broken line. In FIG. 20(A)(B), the light-emitting device 3000 includes a substrate 3001, a light-emitting element 3005 on the substrate 3001, a first sealing region 3007 provided on the outer periphery of the light-emitting element 3005, and a second sealing region 3009 provided on the outer periphery of the first sealing region 3007. In FIG. 20(A), in order to avoid complication of the drawing, a part of the components is shown by a broken line.

[0394] The light emitted from the light-emitting element 3005 is emitted from either or both of the substrate 3001 and the substrate 3003. In FIG. 20(A)(B), a configuration in which the light emitted from the light-emitting element 3005 is emitted downward (toward the substrate 3001 side) will be described. As shown in FIGS. 20(A)(B), the light-emitting device 3000 has a double-sealing structure in which the light-emitting element 3005 is disposed surrounded by the first sealing region 3007 and the second sealing region 3009. By adopting the double-sealing structure, external impurities (for example, water, oxygen, etc.) entering the light-emitting element 3005 side can be preferably suppressed. However, it is not always necessary to provide the first sealing region 3007 and the second sealing region 3009. For example, a configuration including only the first sealing region 3007 may be used. As shown in FIGS. 20(A)(B), the light-emitting device 3000 has a double-sealing structure in which the light-emitting element 3005 is disposed surrounded by the first sealing region 3007 and the second sealing region 3009. By adopting the double-sealing structure, external impurities (for example, water, oxygen, etc.) entering the light-emitting element 3005 side can be preferably suppressed. However, it is not always necessary to provide the first sealing region 3007 and the second sealing region 3009. For example, a configuration including only the first sealing region 3007 may be used.

[0395] The light emitted from the light-emitting element 3005 is emitted from either or both of the substrate 3001 and the substrate 3003. In FIG. 20(A)(B), a configuration in which the light emitted from the light-emitting element 3005 is emitted downward (toward the substrate 3001 side) will be described. The light emitted from the light-emitting element 3005 is emitted from either or both of the substrate 3001 and the substrate 3003. In FIG. 20(A)(B), a configuration in which the light emitted from the light-emitting element 3005 is emitted downward (toward the substrate 3001 side) will be described. The light emitted from the light-emitting element 3005 is emitted from either or both of the substrate 3001 and the substrate 3003. In FIG. 20(A)(B), a configuration in which the light emitted from the light-emitting element 3005 is emitted downward (toward the substrate 3001 side) will be described.

[0396] As shown in FIGS. 20(A)(B), the light-emitting device 3000 has a double-sealing structure in which the light-emitting element 3005 is disposed surrounded by the first sealing region 3007 and the second sealing region 3009. By adopting the double-sealing structure, external impurities (for example, water, oxygen, etc.) entering the light-emitting element 3005 side can be preferably suppressed. However, it is not always necessary to provide the first sealing region 3007 and the second sealing region 3009. For example, a configuration including only the first sealing region 3007 may be used. As shown in FIGS. 20(A)(B), the light-emitting device 3000 has a double-sealing structure in which the light-emitting element 3005 is disposed surrounded by the first sealing region 3007 and the second sealing region 3009. By adopting the double-sealing structure, external impurities (for example, water, oxygen, etc.) entering the light-emitting element 3005 side can be preferably suppressed. However, it is not always necessary to provide the first sealing region 3007 and the second sealing region 3009. For example, a configuration including only the first sealing region 3007 may be used. As shown in FIGS. 20(A)(B), the light-emitting device 3000 has a double-sealing structure in which the light-emitting element 3005 is disposed surrounded by the first sealing region 3007 and the second sealing region 3009. By adopting the double-sealing structure, external impurities (for example, water, oxygen, etc.) entering the light-emitting element 3005 side can be preferably suppressed. However, it is not always necessary to provide the first sealing region 3007 and the second sealing region 3009. For example, a configuration including only the first sealing region 3007 may be used. As shown in FIGS. 20(A)(B), the light-emitting device 3000 has a double-sealing structure in which the light-emitting element 3005 is disposed surrounded by the first sealing region 3007 and the second sealing region 3009. By adopting the double-sealing structure, external impurities (for example, water, oxygen, etc.) entering the light-emitting element 3005 side can be preferably suppressed. However, it is not always necessary to provide the first sealing region 3007 and the second sealing region 3009. For example, a configuration including only the first sealing region 3007 may be used. As shown in FIGS. 20(A)(B), the light-emitting device 3000 has a double-sealing structure in which the light-emitting element 3005 is disposed surrounded by the first sealing region 3007 and the second sealing region 3009. By adopting the double-sealing structure, external impurities (for example, water, oxygen, etc.) entering the light-emitting element 3005 side can be preferably suppressed. However, it is not always necessary to provide the first sealing region 3007 and the second sealing region 3009. For example, a configuration including only the first sealing region 3007 may be used. As shown in FIGS. 20(A)(B), the light-emitting device 3000 has a double-sealing structure in which the light-emitting element 3005 is disposed surrounded by the first sealing region 3007 and the second sealing region 3009. By adopting the double-sealing structure, external impurities (for example, water, oxygen, etc.) entering the light-emitting element 3005 side can be preferably suppressed. However, it is not always necessary to provide the first sealing region 3007 and the second sealing region 3009. For example, a configuration including only the first sealing region 3007 may be used.

[0397] In FIG. 20(B), the first sealing region 3007 and the second sealing region 3009 are provided in contact with the substrate 3001 and the substrate 3003. However, the present invention is not limited thereto. For example, In FIG. 20(B), the first sealing region 3007 and the second sealing region 3009 are provided in contact with the substrate 3001 and the substrate 3003. However, the present invention is not limited thereto. For example, Well, one or both of the first sealing region 3007 and the second sealing region 3009 may be configured to be in contact with an insulating film or a conductive film formed above the substrate 30 01. Alternatively, one or both of the first sealing region 3007 and the second sealing region 3009 may be configured to be in contact with an insulating film or a conductive film formed below the substrate 3003. That is also acceptable.

[0398] As the substrate 3001 and the substrate 3003, they may have the same configurations as the substrate 200 and the substrate 220 described in the previous embodiment, respectively. As the light-emitting element 3005, it may have the same configuration as the light-emitting element described in the previous embodiment That is also acceptable.

[0399] As the first sealing region 3007, a material containing glass (for example, glass frit, glass ribbon, etc.) may be used. Also, as the second sealing region 3009, a material containing resin may be used. By using a material containing glass as the first sealing region 3007, productivity and sealing performance can be improved. Also, by using a material containing resin as the second sealing region 3009, impact resistance and heat resistance can be improved. However, the first sealing region 3007 and the second sealing region 3009 are not limited to this, and the first sealing region 3007 may be formed of a material containing resin, and the second sealing region 3009 may be formed of a material containing glass That is also acceptable. That is also acceptable.

[0400] Also, as the above-mentioned glass frit, for example, magnesium oxide, calcium oxide, strontium oxide, barium oxide, cesium oxide, sodium oxide, potassium oxide, acid boron, vanadium oxide, zinc oxide, tellurium oxide, aluminum oxide, silicon dioxide, acid Lead oxide, tin oxide, phosphorus oxide, ruthenium oxide, rhodium oxide, iron oxide, copper oxide, manganese dioxide, molybdenum oxide, niobium oxide, titanium oxide, tungsten oxide, bismuth oxide, zirconium oxide, lithium oxide, antimony oxide, lead borate glass, tin phosphate glass , vanadate glass or borosilicate glass, etc. are included. In order to absorb infrared light, it is preferable to contain at least one type or more of transition metals.

[0401] Also, as the above glass frit, for example, a frit paste is applied on a substrate, and heat treatment or laser irradiation is performed on this. The frit paste contains the above glass frit and a resin (also called a binder) diluted with an organic solvent. Also, a glass frit added with an absorbent that absorbs light of the wavelength of the laser light may be used. Also, as the laser, for example, an Nd:YAG laser or a semiconductor laser is preferably used. Also, as for the irradiation shape of the laser during laser irradiation, it may be circular or rectangular.

[0402] Also, as the material containing the above resin, for example, polyester, polyolefin, poly amide (nylon, aramid, etc.), polyimide, polycarbonate or acrylic resin, polyurethane, epoxy resin can be used. Or, a material containing a resin having a siloxane bond such as silicone can be used.

[0403] In addition, when a material containing glass is used for either or both of the first sealing region 3007 and the second sealing region 3009, it is preferable that the thermal expansion coefficient of the material containing the glass and the substrate 3001 is close. With the above configuration, due to thermal stress, the material containing glass or the substrate This can prevent the plate 3001 from cracking.

[0404] For example, a material containing glass is used for the first sealing region 3007, and a material containing glass is used for the second sealing region 3009. When a material containing resin is used, the following excellent effects are obtained.

[0405] The second sealing region 3009 is closer to the periphery of the light emitting device 3000 than the first sealing region 3007. The light emitting device 3000 is provided on the side closer to the outer periphery. Therefore, the distortion becomes large on the outer peripheral side of the light emitting device 3000, that is, the second The first sealing region 3009 is sealed with a material containing resin, and the second sealing region 3009 is sealed with a material containing resin. By sealing the first sealing region 3007 provided on the inside with a material including glass, Even if distortion due to an external force occurs, the light emitting device 3000 is less likely to break.

[0406] As shown in FIG. 20B, the substrate 3001, the substrate 3003, the first sealing region 30 A first region 3011 is formed in the region surrounded by the second sealing region 3009 and the first sealing region 3012. In addition, the substrate 3001, the substrate 3003, the light emitting element 3005, and the first sealing region 300 In the area surrounded by 7, a second area 3013 is formed.

[0407] The first region 3011 and the second region 3013 may be, for example, a rare gas or a nitrogen gas. It is preferable that the container is filled with an inert gas such as acrylic or epoxy resin. It is preferable that the first region 3011 and the second region 3013 are filled with It is preferable that the pressure in the storage tank 10 is reduced below atmospheric pressure.

[0408] A modified example of the configuration shown in FIG. 20(B) is shown in FIG. 20(C). It is a cross-sectional view showing a modified example of the device 3000.

[0409] Fig. 20(C) shows a configuration in which a recess is provided in a part of the substrate 3003 and a desiccant 3018 is provided in the recess. For other configurations, they are the same as the configuration shown in Fig. 20(B).

[0410] As the desiccant 3018, a substance that adsorbs moisture and the like by chemical adsorption or a substance that adsorbs moisture and the like by physical adsorption can be used. For example, substances that can be used as the desiccant 3018 include oxides of alkali metals, oxides of alkaline earth metals (such as calcium oxide and barium oxide), sulfates, metal halides, perchlorates, zeolites, silica gel, and the like.

[0411] Next, a modified example of the light-emitting device 3000 shown in Fig. 20(B) will be described with reference to Figs. 21(A), (B), (C), and (D). Figs. 21(A), (B), (C), and (D) are cross-sectional views for explaining a modified example of the light-emitting device 3000 shown in Fig. 20(B).

[0412] The light-emitting device shown in Figs. 21(A), (B), (C), and (D) has a configuration in which the second sealing region 3009 is not provided and the first sealing region 3007 is provided instead. Also, the light-emitting device shown in Figs. 21(A), (B), (C), and (D) has a region 3014 instead of the second region 3013 shown in Fig. 20(B).

[0413] As the region 3014, for example, polyester, polyolefin, polyamide (nylon, aramid, etc.), polyimide, polycarbonate, or acrylic resin, polyurethane, epoxy resin can be used. Alternatively, a siloxane bond such as silicone can be used. A material containing the resin can be used.

[0414] By using the above-mentioned material as the region 3014, a so-called solid-sealed light-emitting device can be obtained. It is possible.

[0415] In addition, the light-emitting device shown in Fig. 21(B) has a structure in which a substrate 3015 is provided on the substrate 3001 side of the light-emitting device shown in Fig. 21(A). It is provided with a substrate 3015.

[0416] As shown in Fig. 21(B), the substrate 3015 has irregularities. By providing the substrate 3015 having irregularities on the side for extracting the light of the light-emitting element 3005, the light extraction efficiency from the light-emitting element 3005 can be improved. Note that instead of the structure having irregularities as shown in Fig. 21(B), a substrate that functions as a diffusion plate may be provided. It is provided on the side for extracting the light of the light-emitting element 3005. The light extraction efficiency from the light-emitting element 3005 can be improved. As shown in Fig. 21(B), instead of the structure having irregularities, a substrate that functions as a diffusion plate may be provided. It is provided on the side for extracting the light of the light-emitting element 3005.

[0417] In addition, the light-emitting device shown in Fig. 21(C) has a structure for extracting light from the substrate 3003 side, while the light-emitting device shown in Fig. 21(A) has a structure for extracting light from the substrate 3001 side. It is a structure for extracting light from the substrate 3003 side.

[0418] The light-emitting device shown in Fig. 21(C) has a substrate 3015 on the substrate 3003 side. Other configurations are the same as those of the light-emitting device shown in Fig. 21(B). The other configurations are the same as those of the light-emitting device shown in Fig. 21(B).

[0419] In addition, the light-emitting device shown in Fig. 21(D) has a configuration in which a substrate 3016 is provided without providing the substrates 3003 and 3015 of the light-emitting device shown in Fig. 21(C). It is provided with a substrate 3016 without providing the substrates 3003 and 3015.

[0420] The substrate 3016 has a first unevenness located on the side close to the light-emitting element 3005 and a second unevenness located on the side far from the light-emitting element 3005. By adopting the configuration shown in Fig. 21(D), the light extraction efficiency from the light-emitting element 3005 can be further improved. It has a first unevenness located on the side close to the light-emitting element 3005 and a second unevenness located on the side far from the light-emitting element 3005. The light extraction efficiency from the light-emitting element 3005 can be further improved.

[0421] Therefore, by implementing the configuration shown in the present embodiment, it is possible to realize a light-emitting device in which deterioration of the light-emitting element due to impurities such as moisture and oxygen is suppressed. Or, by implementing the configuration shown in the present embodiment, it is possible to realize a light-emitting device with high light extraction efficiency. In addition, the configuration shown in the present embodiment can be appropriately combined with the configuration shown in other embodiments. Moreover, by implementing the configuration shown in the present embodiment, it is possible to realize a light-emitting device with high light extraction efficiency. Yes.

[0422] Note that the configuration shown in the present embodiment can be appropriately combined with the configuration shown in other embodiments. Yes.

[0423] (Embodiment 7) In the present embodiment, an example of applying a light-emitting element according to an aspect of the present invention to various lighting devices and electronic devices will be described with reference to FIGS. 22 and 23. By fabricating a light-emitting element according to an aspect of the present invention on a flexible substrate, it is possible to realize an electronic device or a lighting device having a light-emitting region with a curved surface.

[0424] In addition, a light-emitting device to which a light-emitting element according to an aspect of the present invention is applied can also be applied to vehicle lighting, and for example, lighting can be installed on a dashboard, a windshield, a ceiling, or the like. Yes.

[0425] Moreover, a light-emitting device to which a light-emitting element according to an aspect of the present invention is applied can also be applied to vehicle lighting, and for example, lighting can be installed on a dashboard, a windshield, a ceiling, or the like. Yes. Yes.

[0426] FIG. 22(A) shows a perspective view of one surface of the multifunctional terminal 3500, and FIG. 22(B) shows a perspective view of the other surface of the multifunctional terminal 3500. The multifunctional terminal 3500 has a housing 3502 in which a display unit 3504, a camera 3506, a lighting 3508, and the like are incorporated. A light-emitting device according to an aspect of the present invention can be used for the lighting 3508. The lighting 3508 functions as a surface light source by using a light-emitting device according to an aspect of the present invention. Yes. Yes.

[0427] The lighting 3508 functions as a surface light source by using a light-emitting device according to an aspect of the present invention. Therefore, unlike a point light source typified by an LED, light emission with less directivity can be obtained. For example, when the illumination 3508 and the camera 3506 are used in combination, the illumination 3508 can be turned on or blinked and imaged by the camera 3506. Since the illumination 3508 has a function as a surface light source, it is possible to take a photograph as if taken under natural light.

[0428] Note that the multifunctional terminal 3500 shown in FIGS. 22(A) and (B) can have various functions, similar to the electronic device shown in FIGS. 14(A) to 14(G).

[0429] Also, inside the housing 3502, a speaker, a sensor (one having a function of measuring force, displacement, position, speed, acceleration, angular velocity, rotational speed, distance, light, liquid, magnetism, temperature, chemical substance, sound, time, hardness, electric field, current, voltage, power, radiation, flow rate, humidity, gradient, vibration, odor or infrared rays), a microphone, etc. can be provided. Further, by providing a detection device having a sensor for detecting inclination such as a gyro or an acceleration sensor inside the multifunctional terminal 3500, the orientation (portrait or landscape) of the multifunctional terminal 3500 can be determined, and the screen display of the display unit 3504 can be automatically switched.

[0430] The display unit 3504 can also function as an image sensor. For example, by touching the display unit 3504 with a palm or a finger and imaging a palm print, a fingerprint, etc., personal authentication can be performed. In addition, if a backlight that emits near-infrared light or a light source for a sensor that emits near-infrared light is used for the display unit 3504, finger veins, palm veins, etc. can also be imaged. Note that the light-emitting device according to an aspect of the present invention may be applied to the display unit 3504.​

[0431] Figure 22(C) shows a perspective view of a security light 3600. The light 3600 has illumination 3608 on the outside of the housing 3602, and a speaker 3610 etc. are incorporated in the housing 3602. A light-emitting element according to one aspect of the present invention can be used for the illumination 3608. The light 3600 can emit light, for example, by being grasped, held, or held by the illumination 3608. Further, an electronic circuit capable of controlling the light emission method from the light 3600 may be provided inside the housing 3602. As the electronic circuit, for example, a circuit capable of emitting light once or intermittently a plurality of times may be used, or a circuit capable of adjusting the light amount of light emission by controlling the current value of light emission may be used. Further, a circuit may be incorporated such that a loud warning sound is output from the speaker 3610 simultaneously with the light emission of the illumination 3608. The light 3600 can emit light, for example, by being grasped, held, or held by the illumination 3608. Further, an electronic circuit capable of controlling the light emission method from the light 3600 may be provided inside the housing 3602. As the electronic circuit, for example, a circuit capable of emitting light once or intermittently a plurality of times may be used, or a circuit capable of adjusting the light amount of light emission by controlling the current value of light emission may be used. Further, a circuit may be incorporated such that a loud warning sound is output from the speaker 3610 simultaneously with the light emission of the illumination 3608.

[0432] Since the light 3600 can emit light in all directions, for example, it can intimidate a thug etc. with light, or with light and sound. Further, the light 3600 may be provided with a function such as a digital still camera or a camera having a photographing function. Since the light 3600 can emit light in all directions, for example, it can intimidate a thug etc. with light, or with light and sound. Further, the light 3600 may be provided with a function such as a digital still camera or a camera having a photographing function. Since the light 3600 can emit light in all directions, for example, it can intimidate a thug etc. with light, or with light and sound. Further, the light 3600 may be provided with a function such as a digital still camera or a camera having a photographing function. Since the light 3600 can emit light in all directions, for example, it can intimidate a thug etc. with light, or with light and sound. Further, the light 3600 may be provided with a function such as a digital still camera or a camera having a photographing function. Since the light 3600 can emit light in all directions, for example, it can intimidate a thug etc. with light, or with light and sound. Further, the light 3600 may be provided with a function such as a digital still camera or a camera having a photographing function. Since the light 3600 can emit light in all directions, for example, it can intimidate a thug etc. with light, or with light and sound. Further, the light 3600 may be provided with a function such as a digital still camera or a camera having a photographing function. Since the light 3600 can emit light in all directions, for example, it can intimidate a thug etc. with light, or with light and sound. Further, the light 3600 may be provided with a function such as a digital still camera or a camera having a photographing function.

[0433]

[0434] Figure 23 shows an example in which the light-emitting element is used as an indoor lighting device 8501. Since the light-emitting element can also be made larger in area, a large-area lighting device can also be formed. Further, by using a housing having a curved surface, a lighting device 8502 having a curved light-emitting area can be formed. The light-emitting element shown in this embodiment is in the form of a thin film, and the degree of freedom in the design of the housing is high. Therefore, lighting devices with various designs can be formed. Further, for indoor Figure 23 shows an example in which the light-emitting element is used as an indoor lighting device 8501. Since the light-emitting element can also be made larger in area, a large-area lighting device can also be formed. Further, by using a housing having a curved surface, a lighting device 8502 having a curved light-emitting area can be formed. The light-emitting element shown in this embodiment is in the form of a thin film, and the degree of freedom in the design of the housing is high. Therefore, lighting devices with various designs can be formed. Further, for indoor Figure 23 shows an example in which the light-emitting element is used as an indoor lighting device 8501. Since the light-emitting element can also be made larger in area, a large-area lighting device can also be formed. Further, by using a housing having a curved surface, a lighting device 8502 having a curved light-emitting area can be formed. The light-emitting element shown in this embodiment is in the form of a thin film, and the degree of freedom in the design of the housing is high. Therefore, lighting devices with various designs can be formed. Further, for indoor Figure 23 shows an example in which the light-emitting element is used as an indoor lighting device 8501. Since the light-emitting element can also be made larger in area, a large-area lighting device can also be formed. Further, by using a housing having a curved surface, a lighting device 8502 having a curved light-emitting area can be formed. The light-emitting element shown in this embodiment is in the form of a thin film, and the degree of freedom in the design of the housing is high. Therefore, lighting devices with various designs can be formed. Further, for indoor Figure 23 shows an example in which the light-emitting element is used as an indoor lighting device 8501. Since the light-emitting element can also be made larger in area, a large-area lighting device can also be formed. Further, by using a housing having a curved surface, a lighting device 8502 having a curved light-emitting area can be formed. The light-emitting element shown in this embodiment is in the form of a thin film, and the degree of freedom in the design of the housing is high. Therefore, lighting devices with various designs can be formed. Further, for indoor The wall may be provided with a large lighting device 8503. Also, a touch sensor may be provided on the lighting devices 8501, 8502, and 8 503 to turn the power on or off.

[0435] Moreover, by using a light-emitting element on the surface side of the table, a lighting device 8504 having a function as a table can be obtained. Note that by using a light-emitting element for a part of other furniture, a lighting device having a function as furniture can be obtained. As described above, a lighting device and an electronic device can be obtained by applying the light-emitting device according to one aspect of the present invention. Note that the applicable lighting devices and electronic devices are not limited to those shown in this embodiment, and can be applied to electronic devices in any field.

[0436] Furthermore, the configurations shown in this embodiment can be used in appropriate combination with the configurations shown in other embodiments.

[0437] Also, the configurations shown in this embodiment can be used in appropriate combination with the configurations shown in other embodiments.

Example

[0438] In this example, a synthesis method of 3,5-bis[3-(9 H-2-methylcarbazol-9-yl)phenyl]pyridine (abbreviation: Me-35DCz PPy) (structural formula (100)), which is one of the organic compounds according to one aspect of the present invention, and the physical properties of the compound will be described.

[0439] <Synthesis Example 1> In a 200 mL three-necked flask, 1.5 g (6.4 mmol) of 3,5-dibromopyridine, 3- (2-methyl-9H-carbazol-9-yl)phenylboronic acid 4.3 g (14 mmol l), 0.39 g (1.3 mmol) of tri(ortho-tolyl)phosphine, potassium carbonate 3.5 g (26 mmol), 60 mL of toluene, 12 mL of ethanol, and 6.0 mL of water were added. The mixture was degassed by stirring under reduced pressure, and the inside of the flask was purged with nitrogen. To this mixture, 58 mg (0.26 mmol) of palladium(II) acetate was added, and the mixture was stirred at 80 °C for 44 hours under a nitrogen stream. After the predetermined time had elapsed, extraction with toluene was performed, and purification was carried out by silica gel column chromatography (developing solvent: toluene) to obtain a yellow powder. This yellow powder was recrystallized using ethyl acetate, and a white powder of the target product was obtained in a yield of 2.0 g and a yield of 54%. % was obtained. The present synthetic scheme is shown in the following formula (A-1).

[0440]

Chemical formula

[0441] 2.0 g of the obtained white powder was sublimation-purified by the train sublimation method. The sublimation purification was carried out by heating at a pressure of 2.2 Pa, an argon flow rate of 10 ml / min, and 310 °C. After sublimation purification, 1.2 g of a white solid of the target product was obtained with a recovery rate of 60%.

[0442] The analysis data of the obtained solid by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy ( 1 1H NMR) are shown below. 1 1H NMR (chloroform-d, 300 MHz): δ = 8.94 (d, J = 2.0 Hz , 2H), 8.14 (t, J = 1.9 Hz, 1H), 8.08 - 8.12 (m, 2H), 8.02 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 2H), 7.83 - 7.86 (m, 2H), 7.72 - 7.77 (m, 4H), 7.60 - 7.67 (m, 2H), 7.33 - 7.44 (m, 4 H), 7.27 - 7.31 (m, 2H), 7.20 - 7.24 (m, 2H), 7.10 - 7.14 (m, 2H).

[0443] Also, for the obtained solid 1 The 1H NMR charts are shown in FIGS. 24(A) and 24(B). Incidentally, FIG. 24(B) is an enlarged view of the range from 7.0 ppm to 9.0 ppm in FIG. 24(A). From the measurement results, it was found that Me-35DCzPPy, which is the target substance, was obtained. .

[0444] <Properties of Me-35DCzPPy> Next, Me-35DCzPPy obtained in this example was analyzed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (abbreviation : LC / MS analysis).

[0445] For LC / MS analysis, LC (liquid chromatography) separation was performed using an Acquity UPLC manufactured by Waters Corporation, and MS analysis (mass spectrometry) was performed using an Xevo G2 To f MS manufactured by Waters Corporation. The column used for LC separation was an Acquity UPLC BEH C8 (2.1×100 mm 1.7 μm), and the column temperature was set to 40°C. The mobile phase was such that mobile phase A was acetonitrile and mobile phase B was a 0.1% aqueous formic acid solution. Also, the sample was prepared by dissolving Me-35DCzPPy at an arbitrary concentration in toluene and diluting it with acetonitrile, and the injection volume was set to 5.0 μL.

[0446] For LC separation, a gradient method of changing the composition of the mobile phase was used. From 0 minutes to 1 minute after the start of measurement, mobile phase A:mobile phase B = 65:35, and then the composition was changed so that the ratio of mobile phase A to mobile phase B at 10 minutes was mobile phase A:mobile phase B = 95:5. The composition was changed linearly.

[0447] In the MS analysis, ionization was carried out by the electrospray ionization method (abbreviation: ESI). The capillary voltage at this time was 3 .0 kV, the sample cone voltage was 30 V, and the detection was performed in the positive mode. Furthermore, , the components ionized under the above conditions were collided with argon gas in the collision cell (collision chamber) to dissociate into product ions. The energy (collision energy) when colliding with argon was 70 eV. The mass range to be measured was m / z = 100 - 1200 . The results of detecting the dissociated product ions with a time-of-flight (TOF) type MS are shown in Fig. 25. From the results in Fig. 25, it was found that for Me-35DCzPPy, product ions were mainly detected around m / z = 574, around 409, and around 180. Since the results shown in Fig. 25 represent the characteristic results derived from Me-35DCzPPy, they can be said to be important data for identifying Me-35DCzPPy contained in the mixture.

[0448] In addition, the product ion around m / z = 574 is estimated to be a radical cation in the state where the methyl group in Me-35DCzPPy, represented by C42H28N3 (·+ represents a radical cation), has detached. The product ion around m / z = 409 is estimated to be a radical cation in the state where 2-methylcarbazole in Me-35DCzPPy, represented by C30 H21N2 , has detached. The product ion around m / z = 180 is

[0449] estimated to be C13H10N ·+ (·+ represents a radical cation). ·+ ·+ ​​​​​​The 2-methylcarbazole in Me-35DCzPPy represented by is presumed to be a radical cation, suggesting that Me-35DCzPPy contains a 2-methylcarbazole skeleton. In addition, as proton addition and elimination species, ±1 of the product ion may be detected.

[0450] Next, the absorption spectrum and emission spectrum of Me-35DCzPPy in toluene solution are shown in Fig. 26. Also, the absorption spectrum and emission spectrum of the thin film are shown in Fig. 27. The solid thin film was prepared by vacuum evaporation on a quartz substrate. For the measurement of the absorption spectrum of the toluene solution, a UV-visible spectrophotometer (V550 type manufactured by JASCO Corporation) was used. The absorption spectrum of toluene measured by putting only toluene into a quartz cell was subtracted from the absorption spectrum of the toluene solution of Me-35DCzPPy to obtain the absorption spectrum of the Me-35DCzPPy solution shown in Fig. 26. Also, for the measurement of the absorption spectrum of the thin film, a spectrophotometer (U4100 spectrophotometer manufactured by Hitachi High-Technologies Corporation) was used. Also, for the measurement of the emission spectrum a fluorescence photometer (FS920 manufactured by Hamamatsu Photonics K.K.) was used. From Fig. 26, the toluene solution of Me-35DCzPPy shows absorption peaks around 323 nm and 338 nm. Similarly, from Fig. 26, the peak of the emission wavelength is 373 nm (excitation wavelength 333

[0451] nm). Also, from Fig. 27, the thin film of Me-35DCzPPy shows absorption peaks around 210 nm, 24 3 nm, 295 nm, 326 nm, and 338 nm. Similarly, from Fig. 27 the peaks of the emission wavelength are found around 350 nm and 382 nm (excitation wavelength 300 nm). ​​​Therefore, since Me-35DCzPPy, which is one aspect of the present invention, emits light, it was found that it can also be used as a light-emitting material. It was found that it can be used even as such.

[0452] Also, the phosphorescence spectrum of the thin film of Me-35DCzPPy was measured to determine the T1 level. For the measurement, a microscopic PL device LabRAM HR-PL (manufactured by Horiba, Ltd.) was used, the measurement temperature was 10 K, a He-Cd laser (325 nm) was used as the excitation light, and a CCD detector was used as the detector. The first peak on the short-wavelength side of this phosphorescence is 451 nm (2.75 eV), has a high T1 level, and was found to be suitable as a host for a blue phosphorescent light-emitting center material. For the measurement, a microscopic PL device LabRAM HR-PL (manufactured by Horiba, Ltd.) was used, the measurement temperature was 10 K, a He-Cd laser (325 nm) was used as the excitation light, and a CCD detector was used as the detector. The measurement temperature was 10 K, a He-Cd laser (325 nm) was used as the excitation light, and a CCD detector was used as the detector. The first peak on the short-wavelength side of this phosphorescence is 451 nm (2.75 eV), has a high T1 level, and was found to be suitable as a host for a blue phosphorescent light-emitting center material.

Example

[0453] In this example, an example of manufacturing a light-emitting device including an organic compound according to one aspect of the present invention and the characteristics of the light-emitting device will be described. A cross-sectional view of the device structure manufactured in this example is shown in FIG. 28. Also, the details of the device structure are shown in Tables 2 and 3. Further, the structures and abbreviations of the compounds used are shown below. For other organic compounds, refer to the previous examples and Embodiment 1. In this example, a cross-sectional view of the device structure manufactured in this example is shown in FIG. 28. Also, the details of the device structure are shown in Tables 2 and 3. Further, the structures and abbreviations of the compounds used are shown below. For other organic compounds, refer to the previous examples and Embodiment 1. Also, the details of the device structure are shown in Tables 2 and 3. Further, the structures and abbreviations of the compounds used are shown below. For other organic compounds, refer to the previous examples and Embodiment 1. For other organic compounds, refer to the previous examples and Embodiment 1.

[0454] In this example, Light-emitting Devices 1 to 6 were manufactured. Only 35DCzPPy was used as the host material and the electron transport layer of the light-emitting layer for Light-emitting Device 1, and 35DCzPPy and Me-35DCzPPy were used as the evaporation sources of the host material and the electron transport layer material of the light-emitting layer for Light-emitting Devices 2 to 6, respectively. The mixing ratios of 35DCzPPy and Me-35DCzPPy in each device are as shown in Tables 2 and 3. Only 35DCzPPy was used as the host material and the electron transport layer of the light-emitting layer for Light-emitting Device 1, and 35DCzPPy and Me-35DCzPPy were used as the evaporation sources of the host material and the electron transport layer material of the light-emitting layer for Light-emitting Devices 2 to 6, respectively. Only 35DCzPPy was used as the host material and the electron transport layer of the light-emitting layer for Light-emitting Device 1, and 35DCzPPy and Me-35DCzPPy were used as the evaporation sources of the host material and the electron transport layer material of the light-emitting layer for Light-emitting Devices 2 to 6, respectively. In each device, 35DCzPPy and Me-35DCzPPy The mixing ratios of 35DCzPPy and Me-35DCzPPy in each device are as shown in Tables 2 and 3.

[0455] In this example, 35DCzPPy and Me-35D used as the host material and the electron transport layer material​ The physical property values of CzPPy are shown in Table 4. The physical property values show a small difference in the HOMO level. That's all.

[0456] [Chemical formula]

[0457] [Table 2]

[0458] [Table 3]

[0459] [Table 4]

[0460] [Fabrication of the light-emitting device] <<Fabrication of Light-Emitting Devices 1 to 6>> On a glass substrate, as the electrode 101, an ITSO film was formed to a thickness of 70 nm. Note that the electrode area of the electrode 101 was 4 mm 2 (2 mm × 2 mm).

[0461] Next, as the hole injection layer 111 on the electrode 101, 1,3,5-tri(dibenzothiophen-4-yl)benzene (abbreviation: DBT3P-II) and MoO were co-evaporated so that the weight ratio (DBT 3 3P-II:MoO 3P-II:MoO 3 ) was 1:0.5 and the thickness was 20 nm. That's all.

[0462] Next, as the hole transport layer 112 on the hole injection layer 111, 9-phenyl-9H-3-(9 -phenyl-9H-carbazol-3-yl)carbazole (abbreviation: PCCP) was formed to a thickness of It was vapor-deposited to be 20 nm thick.

[0463] Next, as the light-emitting layer 160(1) on the hole transport layer 112, PCCP, 35DCzPP y, Me-35DCzPPy, and tris{2-[5-(2-methylphenyl)-4-(2 ,6-diisopropylphenyl)-4H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl-κN 2 phenyl-κC}iridium(III) (abbreviation: Ir(mpptz-diPrp) ...

Claims

1. A light-emitting layer is disposed between a pair of electrodes, the light-emitting layer comprises a first organic compound, a hydrocarbon group substitute, and a phosphorescent compound; the first organic compound has a carbazole skeleton and a nitrogen-containing six-membered heteroaromatic skeleton, the T1 level of the first organic compound is higher than the T1 level of the phosphorescent compound; the hydrocarbon group substitution product is a compound in which at least one hydrogen atom in the carbazole skeleton of the first organic compound is substituted with a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, A light-emitting element in which the content of the hydrocarbon group substitute is greater than 0 and is 0.1 or less in weight ratio to the first organic compound (excluding the case where the proportion of CH groups contained in the hydrocarbon group substitute in the first organic compound and the hydrocarbon group substitute is 70 ppm or less).

2. A light-emitting layer and an electron transport layer are disposed between a pair of electrodes, the light-emitting layer comprises a first organic compound, a hydrocarbon group substitute, and a phosphorescent compound; the electron transport layer comprises the first organic compound and the hydrocarbon group substitute, the first organic compound has a carbazole skeleton and a nitrogen-containing six-membered heteroaromatic skeleton, the T1 level of the first organic compound is higher than the T1 level of the phosphorescent compound; the hydrocarbon group substitution product is a compound in which at least one hydrogen atom in the carbazole skeleton of the first organic compound is substituted with a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, A light-emitting device, wherein the content of the hydrocarbon group substitute is greater than 0 and is 0.1 or less in weight ratio to the first organic compound.

3. A light-emitting layer is disposed between a pair of electrodes, the light-emitting layer comprises a first organic compound, a hydrocarbon group substitute, a second organic compound, and a phosphorescent compound; the first organic compound has a carbazole skeleton and a nitrogen-containing six-membered heteroaromatic skeleton, the T1 level of the first organic compound is higher than the T1 level of the phosphorescent compound; the T1 level of the second organic compound is higher than the T1 level of the phosphorescent compound; the hydrocarbon group substitution product is a compound in which at least one hydrogen atom in the carbazole skeleton of the first organic compound is substituted with a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, the second organic compound has a nitrogen-containing five-membered heterocyclic skeleton, A light-emitting element in which the content of the hydrocarbon group substitute is greater than 0 and is 0.1 or less in weight ratio to the first organic compound (excluding the case where the proportion of CH groups contained in the hydrocarbon group substitute in the first organic compound and the hydrocarbon group substitute is 70 ppm or less).

4. A light-emitting layer and an electron transport layer are disposed between a pair of electrodes, the light-emitting layer comprises a first organic compound, a hydrocarbon group substitute, a second organic compound, and a phosphorescent compound; the electron transport layer comprises the first organic compound and the hydrocarbon group substitute, the first organic compound has a carbazole skeleton and a nitrogen-containing six-membered heteroaromatic skeleton, the T1 level of the first organic compound is higher than the T1 level of the phosphorescent compound; the T1 level of the second organic compound is higher than the T1 level of the phosphorescent compound; the hydrocarbon group substitution product is a compound in which at least one hydrogen atom in the carbazole skeleton of the first organic compound is substituted with a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, the second organic compound has a nitrogen-containing five-membered heterocyclic skeleton, A light-emitting device, wherein the content of the hydrocarbon group substitute is greater than 0 and is 0.1 or less in weight ratio to the first organic compound.

5. In claim 3 or claim 4, The first organic compound and the second organic compound are a combination that forms an exciplex.

6. A light emitting device using the light emitting element according to claim 1 .

7. An electronic device using the light emitting device according to claim 6.

8. A lighting device using the light-emitting device according to claim 6.

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