Methods, architectures, apparatuses, and systems for network energy savings

Abstract

To provide methods and apparatus for network energy savings.SOLUTION: A method may be implemented in a wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU). The method may include a step of receiving first information indicating (i) one or more scheduling request (SR) resources and (ii) a set of wake-up request occasions, where each SR resource may be associated with one or more levels of availability. The method may include a step of determining that the WTRU may be at a first level of availability. The method may include a step of transmitting a first wake-up request using a first wake-up request occasion of the set of wake-up request occasions based on a determination that an SR may be to be transmitted using an SR resource associated with a second level of availability of the one or more levels of availability. The method may include a step of transmitting the SR in the SR resource associated with the second level of availability.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 2

Description

Technical Field

[0001] Cross - Reference to Related Applications This application claims the benefit of U.S. Patent Application No. 63 / 275,207, filed on November 3, 2021, and U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 63 / 327,462, filed on April 5, 2022, the disclosures of which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety.

[0002] This disclosure relates to methods, architectures, and apparatuses for network energy savings.

Background Art

[0003] The 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) Radio Access Network (RAN) has discussed improvements related to energy savings for wireless transmit / receive units (WTRUs) and networks. For example, the design of the new radio (NR) Release 15 enables improving energy savings by reducing transmissions from the network when there is no data. The network can consume a significant amount of energy for processing operations other than transmission, such as baseband processing for reception and / or beamforming. The embodiments described below are designed with the above in mind.

Summary of the Invention

[0004] This specification describes methods, architectures, apparatuses, and systems for network energy savings. In one embodiment, the method can be implemented at a WTRU. The method may include receiving first information indicating (i) one or more scheduling request (SR) resources and (ii) a set of wake-up request occasions, where each SR resource may be associated with one or more levels of availability. The method may include determining that the WTRU may be at a first level of availability. The method may include transmitting a first wake-up request using a first wake-up request occasion of the set of wake-up request occasions, where the first wake-up request may be transmitted based on a determination that an SR may be transmitted using an SR resource associated with a second level of availability of the one or more levels of availability. The method may include transmitting the SR to an SR resource associated with the second level of availability. Under the condition that a time period after transmission of the first wake-up request ends without receiving an availability level indication, the WTRU may transmit a second wake-up request using a second wake-up request occasion of the set of wake-up request occasions, where the first wake-up request may be transmitted at a first transmission power and the second wake-up request may be transmitted at a second transmission power that may be higher than the first transmission power. In one embodiment, an apparatus including any of a transmitter, a receiver, a processor, and a memory may be configured to perform the methods described herein.

Brief Description of the Drawings

[0005] A more detailed understanding can be obtained from the following detailed description, given by way of example in conjunction with the drawings attached hereto. The figures of such drawings are, like the detailed description, exemplary. Accordingly, the figures and the detailed description should not be regarded as limiting, and other equally effective embodiments are possible and likely. Further, like reference numerals (「ref」) in the figures (「FIG」) indicate like elements.

Figure 1A

Figure 1B

Figure 1C

Figure 1D

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

[0006] In the following detailed description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the embodiments and / or examples disclosed herein. However, it will be understood that such embodiments and examples may be practiced without some or all of these specific details. In other instances, well-known methods, procedures, components, and circuits have not been described in detail so as not to obscure the following description. Further, embodiments and examples not specifically described herein may be practiced in lieu of, or in combination with, the embodiments and other examples explicitly, implicitly, and / or inherently (collectively "provided") described, disclosed, or otherwise provided herein.

[0007] Examples of Communication Systems FIG. 1A is a diagram illustrating an exemplary communication system 100 in which one or more of the disclosed embodiments may be implemented. The communication system 100 may be a multiple access system that provides content such as voice, data, video, messaging, broadcast, etc. to a plurality of wireless users. The communication system 100 may enable a plurality of wireless users to access such content through sharing of system resources including wireless bandwidth. For example, the communication system 100 may use one or more channel access methods such as code division multiple access (CDMA), time division multiple access (TDMA), frequency division multiple access (FDMA), orthogonal FDMA (OFDMA), single-carrier FDMA (SC-FDMA), zero-tail unique-word DFT-Spread OFDM (ZT UW DTS-s OFDM), unique word OFDM (UW-OFDM), resource block filtered OFDM, filter bank multicarrier (FBMC).

[0008] As shown in Figure 1A, the communication system 100 may include wireless transmit / receive units (WTRUs) 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d, RANs 104 / 113, CNs 106 / 115, a public switched telephone network (PSTN) 108, the Internet 110, and other networks 112, although the disclosed embodiments contemplate any number of WTRUs, base stations, networks, and / or network elements. Each of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d can be any type of device configured to operate and / or communicate in a wireless environment. By way of example, the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d, any of which may be referred to interchangeably as a "station" and / or "STA (Station)", can be configured to transmit and / or receive wireless signals and can be a user equipment (UE), a mobile station, a fixed subscriber unit or a mobile subscriber unit, a subscriber-based unit, a wireless call, a cellular phone, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a smartphone, a laptop, a netbook, a personal computer, a wireless sensor, a hotspot or Mi-Fi device, an Internet of Thing (IoT) device, a watch or other wearable, a head-mounted display (HMD), a vehicle, a drone, a medical device and application (e.g., for remote surgery), an industrial device and application (e.g., a robot and / or other wireless device operating in an industrial and / or automated processing chain context), a home appliance device, a device operating in a commercial wireless network and / or an industrial wireless network, etc. Any of WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, and 102d may be referred to interchangeably as a UE.

[0009] The communication system 100 may also include base station 114a and / or base station 114b. Each of base stations 114a, 114b may be any type of device configured to wirelessly interface with at least one of WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d to facilitate access to one or more communication networks, such as CN106 / 115, Internet 110, and / or other network 112. By way of example, base stations 114a, 114b may be a base transceiver station (BTS), Node B, eNode B, home Node B, home eNode B, gNB, NR Node B, site controller, access point (AP), wireless router, etc. Base stations 114a, 114b are each illustrated as a single element, but it will be understood that base stations 114a, 114b may include any number of interconnected base stations and / or network elements.

[0010] Base station 114a can be part of RAN 104 / 113 and can also include other base stations and / or network elements (not shown), such as a base station controller (BSC), a radio network controller (RNC), a relay node, etc. Base station 114a and / or base station 114b can be configured to transmit and / or receive radio signals at one or more carrier frequencies, which can be referred to as a cell (not shown). These frequencies can be authorized spectrum, unlicensed spectrum, or a combination of authorized and unlicensed spectrum. The cell can provide wireless service coverage to a specific geographic area that can be relatively fixed or can change over time. The cell can be further divided into cell sectors. For example, the cell associated with base station 114a can be divided into three sectors. Thus, in one embodiment, base station 114a can include three transceivers, i.e., one transceiver for each sector of the cell. In one embodiment, base station 114a can employ multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) technology and can utilize multiple transceivers for each sector of the cell. For example, beamforming can be used to transmit and / or receive signals in a desired spatial direction.

[0011] Base stations 114a, 114b can communicate with one or more of WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d via wireless interface 116, which can be any suitable wireless communication link (e.g., radio frequency (RF), microwave, centimeter wave, micrometer wave, infrared (IR), ultraviolet (UV), visible light, etc.). Wireless interface 116 can be established using any suitable radio access technology (RAT).

[0012] More specifically, as described above, the communication system 100 can be a multiple access system and can use one or more channel access methods such as CDMA, TDMA, FDMA, OFDMA, SC-FDMA, etc. For example, the base station 114a of RAN104 / 113 and WTRU102a, 102b, 102c can establish a radio interface 116 using wideband CDMA (WCDMA), and can implement radio technologies such as Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) Terrestrial Radio Access (UTRA). WCDMA can include communication protocols such as High-Speed Packet Access (HSPA) and / or Evolved HSPA (HSPA+). HSPA can include High-Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA) and / or High-Speed Uplink Packet Access (HSUPA).

[0013] In one embodiment, the base station 114a and WTRU102a, 102b, 102c can implement radio technologies such as Evolved UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA), which can establish a radio interface 116 using Long Term Evolution (LTE) and / or LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) and / or LTE-Advanced Pro (LTE-A Pro).

[0014] In one embodiment, the base station 114a and WTRU102a, 102b, 102c can implement radio technologies such as NR radio access, and this technology can establish a radio interface 116 using New Radio (NR).

[0015] In one embodiment, base station 114a and WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement multiple radio access technologies. For example, base station 114a and WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement LTE radio access and NR radio access together, for example, using the dual connectivity (DC) principle. Accordingly, the radio interfaces utilized by WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may be characterized by multiple types of radio access technologies and / or transmissions that are transmitted between multiple types of base stations (e.g., eNBs and gNBs).

[0016] In other embodiments, base station 114a and WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement wireless technologies such as IEEE 802.11 (i.e., Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi)), IEEE 802.16 (i.e., Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX)), CDMA2000, CDMA2000 1X, CDMA2000 EV-DO, Interim Standard 2000 (IS-2000), Interim Standard 95 (IS-95), Interim Standard 856 (IS-856), Global System for Mobile communications (GSM), Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE), GSM EDGE (GERAN), etc.

[0017] The base station 114b in FIG. 1A can be, for example, a wireless router, a home node B, a home eNode B, or an access point, but can utilize any suitable RAT to facilitate wireless connection in a local area such as a workplace, home, vehicle, campus, industrial facility, aerial corridor (for use by drones, for example), a location such as a road, etc. In one embodiment, the base station 114b and the WTRUs 102c, 102d can implement a wireless technology such as IEEE 802.11 to establish a wireless local area network (WLAN). In one embodiment, the base station 114b and the WTRUs 102c, 102d can implement a wireless technology such as IEEE 802.15 to establish a wireless personal area network (WPAN). In yet another embodiment, the base station 114b and the WTRUs 102c, 102d can utilize a cellular-based RAT (such as WCDMA, CDMA2000, GSM, LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, NR, etc.) to establish a pico cell or a femto cell. As shown in FIG. 1A, the base station 114b can have a direct connection to the Internet 110. Thus, the base station 114b may not need to access the Internet 110 via the CN 106 / 115.

[0018] RAN 104 / 113 can communicate with CN 106 / 115, which can be any type of network configured to provide voice, data, applications, and / or voice over internet protocol (VoIP) services to one or more of WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d. The data can have various quality of service (QoS) requirements, such as different throughput requirements, latency requirements, error tolerance requirements, reliability requirements, data throughput requirements, mobility requirements, etc. CN 106 / 115 can provide call control, billing services, mobile location-based services, prepaid calls, internet connectivity, video distribution, etc., and / or can implement high-level security functions such as user authentication. Although not shown in Figure 1A, it will be understood that RAN 104 / 113 and / or CN 106 / 115 can communicate directly or indirectly with other RANs that employ the same or a different radio access technology (RAT) as RAN 104 / 113. For example, in addition to being connected to RAN 104 / 113 that can utilize New Radio (NR) radio technology, CN 106 / 115 can also communicate with another RAN (not shown) that employs GSM, UMTS, CDMA2000, WiMAX, E-UTRA, or Wi-Fi radio technology.

[0019] CN106 / 115 may also function as a gateway for WTRU102a, 102b, 102c, 102d to access the PSTN108, the Internet 110, and / or other networks 112. The PSTN108 may include a circuit-switched telephone network that provides a plain old telephone service (POTS). The Internet 110 may include a global system of interconnected computer networks and devices, where these networks and devices use a common communication protocol such as the transmission control protocol (TCP), the user datagram protocol (UDP), and / or the internet protocol (IP) of the TCP / IP internet protocol suite. The network 112 may include a wired communication network and / or a wireless communication network that is owned and / or operated by another service provider. For example, the network 112 may include another CN connected to one or more RANs that may employ the same RAT as the RAN104 / 113 or a different RAT.

[0020] Some or all of the WTRU102a, 102b, 102c, 102d in the communication system 100 may include a multimode function (e.g., the WTRU102a, 102b, 102c, 102d may include multiple transceivers for communicating with different wireless networks via different wireless links). For example, the WTRU102c shown in Figure 1A may be configured to communicate with a base station 114a that may employ a cellular-based wireless technology and a base station 114b that may employ IEEE802 wireless technology.

[0021] Figure 1B is a system diagram illustrating an exemplary WTRU 102. As shown in Figure 1B, the WTRU 102 may include, among other things, a processor 118, a transceiver 120, a transmit / receive element 122, a speaker / microphone 124, a keypad 126, a display / touchpad 128, a non-removable memory 130, a removable memory 132, a power supply 134, a global positioning system (GPS) chipset 136, and / or other peripheral devices 138. It will be understood that the WTRU 102 may include any partial combination of the foregoing elements while remaining consistent with one embodiment.

[0022] The processor 118 can be a general-purpose processor, a dedicated processor, a conventional processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), multiple microprocessors, one or more microprocessors associated with a DSP core, a controller, a microcontroller, an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field programmable gate array (FPGA) circuit, any other type of integrated circuit (IC), a state machine, etc. The processor 118 can perform signal encoding, data processing, power control, input / output processing, and / or any other function that enables the WTRU 102 to operate in a wireless environment. The processor 118 can be coupled to a transceiver 120 that can be coupled to a transmit / receive element 122. Although Figure 1B illustrates the processor 118 and the transceiver 120 as separate components, it will be understood that the processor 118 and the transceiver 120 can be integrated together in an electronic package or chip.

[0023] The transmit / receive element 122 may be configured to transmit or receive signals to / from a base station (e.g., base station 114a) via the wireless interface 116. For example, in one embodiment, the transmit / receive element 122 may be an antenna configured to transmit and / or receive RF signals. In one embodiment, the transmit / receive element 122 may be an emitter / detector configured to transmit and / or receive, for example, IR signals, UV signals, or visible light signals. In yet another embodiment, the transmit / receive element 122 may be configured to transmit and / or receive both RF signals and optical signals. It will be understood that the transmit / receive element 122 may be configured to transmit and / or receive any combination of wireless signals.

[0024] Although the transmit / receive element 122 is illustrated in FIG. 1B as a single element, the WTRU 102 may include any number of transmit / receive elements 122. More specifically, the WTRU 102 may employ MIMO technology. Thus, in one embodiment, the WTRU 102 may include two or more transmit / receive elements 122 (e.g., multiple antennas) for transmitting and receiving wireless signals via the wireless interface 116.

[0025] The transceiver 120 may be configured to modulate signals transmitted by the transmit / receive element 122 and demodulate signals received by the transmit / receive element 122. As noted above, the WTRU 102 may have a multimode function. Thus, the transceiver 120 may include multiple transceivers to enable the WTRU 102 to communicate via multiple RATs such as, for example, NR and IEEE 802.11.

[0026] The processor 118 of the WTRU 102 can be coupled to the speaker / microphone 124, keypad 126, and / or the display / touchpad 128 (e.g., a liquid crystal display (LCD) display unit or an organic light-emitting diode (OLED) display unit), and can receive data input by the user from these. The processor 118 can also output user data to the speaker / microphone 124, keypad 126, and / or the display / touchpad 128. In addition, the processor 118 can access information from and store data in any suitable type of memory, such as the non-removable memory 130 and / or the removable memory 132. The non-removable memory 130 can include a random-access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), hard disk, or any other type of memory storage device. The removable memory 132 can include a subscriber identity module (SIM) card, memory stick, secure digital (SD) memory card, and the like. In other embodiments, the processor 118 can access information from and store data in a memory that is not physically located on the WTRU 102, such as on a server or home computer (not shown).

[0027] The processor 118 can receive power from the power supply 134 and can be configured to distribute and / or control power to other components in the WTRU 102. The power supply 134 can be any suitable device for powering the WTRU 102. For example, the power supply 134 can include one or more dry cells (e.g., nickel-cadmium (NiCd), nickel-zinc (NiZn), nickel metal hydride (NiMH), lithium-ion (Li-ion), etc.), solar cells, fuel cells, and the like.

[0028] Processor 118 may also be coupled to a GPS chipset 136, which may be configured to provide location information (e.g., longitude and latitude) regarding the current location of WTRU 102. In addition to, or instead of, information from GPS chipset 136, WTRU 102 may receive location information from a base station (e.g., base stations 114a, 114b) via wireless interface 116 and / or may determine its location based on the timing of signals received from two or more neighboring base stations. It will be understood that WTRU 102 may obtain location information by any suitable positioning method while remaining consistent with one embodiment.

[0029] Processor 118 may further be coupled to other peripheral devices 138, which may include one or more software and / or hardware modules that provide additional features, functionality, and / or wired or wireless connections. For example, peripheral devices 138 may include an accelerometer, an electronic compass, a satellite transceiver, a digital camera (for photos and / or video), a universal serial bus (USB) port, a vibration device, a television transceiver, a hands-free headset, a Bluetooth® module, a frequency modulated (FM) radio unit, a digital music player, a media player, a video game player module, an Internet browser, a virtual reality and / or augmented reality (VR / AR) device, an activity tracker, etc. Peripheral devices 138 may include one or more sensors, which may be one or more of a gyroscope, an accelerometer, a Hall effect sensor, a magnetometer, an orientation sensor, a proximity sensor, a temperature sensor, a time sensor, a geolocation sensor, an altimeter, a light sensor, a touch sensor, a magnetometer, a barometer, a gesture sensor, a biometric sensor, and / or a humidity sensor.

[0030] The WTRU 102 may include a full-duplex radio in which transmission and reception of some or all of the signals (associated with a particular subframe for both, e.g., uplink (e.g., for transmission) and downlink (e.g., for reception)) may be parallel and / or simultaneous. The full-duplex radio may include an interference management unit 139 for reducing and / or substantially eliminating self-interference either via hardware (e.g., a choke) or via signal processing (e.g., via a separate processor (not shown) or via processor 118). In one embodiment, the WTRU 102 may include a half-duplex radio for transmission and reception of some or all of the signals (associated with a particular subframe for either, e.g., uplink (e.g., for transmission) or downlink (e.g., for reception)).

[0031] Figure 1C is a system diagram illustrating RAN 104 and CN 106, according to one embodiment. As described above, the RAN 104 may employ E-UTRA radio technology and communicate with WTRU 102a, 102b, 102c via a radio interface 116. The RAN 104 may also communicate with the CN 106.

[0032] The RAN 104 may include eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c, although it will be understood that the RAN 104 may include any number of eNode-Bs while remaining consistent with one embodiment. Each of the eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c may include one or more transceivers for communicating with WTRU 102a, 102b, 102c via a radio interface 116. In one embodiment, the eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c may implement MIMO technology. Thus, the eNode-B 160a may transmit a radio signal to and / or receive a radio signal from the WTRU 102a, for example, using multiple antennas.

[0033] Each of eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, and 160c is associated with a specific cell (not shown) and can be configured to handle radio resource management decisions, handover decisions, scheduling of users in the uplink (UL) and / or downlink (DL), etc. As shown in FIG. 1C, eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, and 160c can communicate with each other via the X2 interface.

[0034] CN 106 shown in FIG. 1C may include a mobility management entity (MME) 162, a serving gateway (SGW) 164, and a packet data network (PDN) gateway (or PGW) 166. Although each of the foregoing elements is shown as part of CN 106, it will be understood that any of these elements may be owned and / or operated by entities other than the CN operator.

[0035] MME 162 can be connected to each of eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, and 160c in RAN 104 via the S1 interface and can function as a control node. For example, MME 162 can perform functions such as authenticating users of WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c, activating / deactivating bearers, and selecting a specific serving gateway during the initial attach of WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c. MME 162 can provide control plane functions for switching between RAN 104 and other RANs (not shown) that employ other radio technologies such as GSM and / or WCDMA.

[0036] SGW 164 can be connected to each of the eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, and 160c in RAN 104 via the S1 interface. SGW 164 can generally route and transfer user data packets between the WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c. SGW 164 can perform other functions such as the function of anchoring the user plane during handover between eNode Bs, the function of triggering paging when DL data is available to the WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c, and the function of managing and storing the contexts of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c.

[0037] SGW 164 can be connected to PGW 166, and PGW 166 can provide the WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c with access to a packet switched network such as the Internet 110 in order to facilitate communication between the WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c and IP-enabled devices.

[0038] CN 106 can facilitate communication with other networks. For example, CN 106 can provide the WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c with access to a circuit switched network such as PSTN 108 in order to facilitate communication between the WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c and conventional landline communication devices. For example, CN 106 can include or communicate with an IP gateway (e.g., an IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) server) that functions as an interface between CN 106 and PSTN 108. In addition, CN 106 can provide the WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c with access to another network 112, which can include other wired and / or wireless networks owned and / or operated by other service providers.

[0039] The WTRU is described as a wireless terminal in FIGS. 1A - 1D, but in certain representative embodiments, it is contemplated that such a terminal can use a wired communication interface (e.g., temporarily or permanently) with the communication network.

[0040] In a representative embodiment, the other network 112 can be a WLAN.

[0041] A WLAN in infrastructure basic service set (BSS) mode can have an access point (AP) of the BSS and one or more stations (STAs) associated with the AP. The AP may have an access or interface to another type of wired / wireless network that carries traffic entering and / or exiting the distribution system (DS) or BSS. Traffic to an STA originating outside the BSS can reach and be delivered to the STA through the AP. Traffic originating from an STA to a destination outside the BSS can be sent to the AP and then sent to their respective destinations. Traffic between STAs within the BSS can be sent through the AP, for example, where the source STA sends the traffic to the AP and the AP delivers the traffic to the destination STA. Traffic between STAs within the BSS can be considered and / or referred to as peer-to-peer traffic. Peer-to-peer traffic can be sent between the source STA and the destination STA (e.g., directly between them) using direct link setup (DLS). In certain representative embodiments, DLS can use 802.11e DLS or 802.11z tunneled DLS (TDLS). A WLAN using independent BSS (IBSS) mode may not have an AP, and STAs within or using the IBSS (e.g., all of the STAs) can communicate directly with each other. The IBSS mode of communication can be referred to herein as the "ad hoc" communication mode.

[0042] When using the 802.11ac infrastructure operation mode or a similar operation mode, the AP may transmit beacons on a fixed channel such as the primary channel. The primary channel may be of a fixed width (e.g., a 20 MHz wide bandwidth) or a width dynamically set via signaling. The primary channel may be the operating channel of the BSS, but may be used by the STA to establish a connection with the AP. In certain representative embodiments, Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance (CSMA / CA) may be implemented, for example, in an 802.11 system. In the case of CSMA / CA, STAs including the AP (e.g., all STAs) may sense the primary channel. If the primary channel is sensed / detected and / or determined to be busy by a particular STA, the particular STA may back off. Only one STA (e.g., only one station) may transmit at any given time in a given BSS.

[0043] A High Throughput (HT) STA may use a 40 MHz wide channel for communication, and this 40 MHz wide channel may be formed, for example, via a combination of a primary 20 MHz channel and an adjacent or non - adjacent 20 MHz channel.

[0044] A Very High Throughput (VHT) STA may support channels with widths of 20 MHz, 40 MHz, 80 MHz, and / or 160 MHz. A 40 MHz and / or 80 MHz channel may be formed by combining a plurality of consecutive 20 MHz channels. A 160 MHz channel may be formed by combining eight consecutive 20 MHz channels, or by combining two non - consecutive 80 MHz channels, which may be referred to as an 80+80 configuration. In the case of the 80+80 configuration, after channel coding, the data may pass through a segment parser that may split the data into two streams. Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) processing and time - domain processing may be performed separately on each stream. The streams may be mapped to two 80 MHz channels and the data may be transmitted by the transmitting STA. At the receiver of the receiving STA, the operations described above for the 80+80 configuration may be reversed, and the combined data may be transmitted to the Medium Access Control (MAC).

[0045] The sub-1 GHz operating mode is supported by 802.11af and 802.11ah. The channel operating bandwidth and carrier frequency are reduced in 802.11af and 802.11ah compared to those used in 802.11n and 802.11ac. 802.11af supports bandwidths of 5 MHz, 10 MHz, and 20 MHz in the TV White Space (TVWS) spectrum, and 802.11ah supports bandwidths of 1 MHz, 2 MHz, 4 MHz, 8 MHz, and 16 MHz using the non-TVWS spectrum. According to an exemplary embodiment, 802.11ah may support meter-type control / machine-type communication, such as MTC devices within a macro coverage area. The MTC device may have limited capabilities, including certain capabilities, such as support for a specific bandwidth and / or support for a limited bandwidth (e.g., support only for these). The MTC device may include a battery having a battery life above a threshold (e.g., to maintain a very long battery life).

[0046] A WLAN system that can support multiple channels and channel bandwidths such as 802.11n, 802.11ac, 802.11af, and 802.11ah includes channels that can be designated as primary channels. The primary channel may have a bandwidth equal to the maximum common operating bandwidth supported by all STAs in the BSS. The bandwidth of the primary channel can be set and / or restricted by an STA from among all STAs operating in a BSS that supports a minimum bandwidth operation mode. In the example of 802.11ah, the primary channel can be 1 MHz wide for an STA (e.g., an MTC type device) that supports the 1 MHz mode (e.g., supports only this) even when the AP and other STAs in the BSS support 2 MHz, 4 MHz, 8 MHz, 16 MHz, and / or other channel bandwidth operation modes. Carrier sensing and / or Network Allocation Vector (NAV) setting can depend on the status of the primary channel. For example, if the primary channel is busy due to an STA transmitting to the AP (supporting only the 1 MHz operation mode), the entire available frequency band can be considered busy even though most of the frequency band remains idle and available.

[0047] In the United States, the available frequency band that can be used by 802.11ah is 902 MHz to 928 MHz. In South Korea, the available frequency band is 917.5 MHz to 923.5 MHz. In Japan, the available frequency band is 916.5 MHz to 927.5 MHz. The total available bandwidth for 802.11ah is 6 MHz to 26 MHz depending on the country code.

[0048] FIG. 1D is a system diagram illustrating RAN 113 and CN 115 according to one embodiment. As described above, RAN 113 can communicate with WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c via wireless interface 116 using NR radio technology. RAN 113 can also communicate with CN 115.

[0049] RAN 113 may include gNBs 180a, 180b, and 180c, but it will be understood that RAN 113 may include any number of gNBs while remaining consistent with one embodiment. Each of gNBs 180a, 180b, and 180c may include one or more transceivers for communicating with WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c via radio interface 116. In one embodiment, gNBs 180a, 180b, and 180c may implement MIMO technology. For example, gNBs 180a and 180b may use beamforming to transmit and / or receive signals from WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c. Thus, gNB 180a may transmit and / or receive radio signals to / from WTRU 102a using, for example, multiple antennas. In one embodiment, gNBs 180a, 180b, and 180c may implement carrier aggregation technology. For example, gNB 180a may transmit multiple component carriers to WTRU 102a (not shown). A subset of these component carriers may be on unlicensed spectrum, while the remaining component carriers may be on licensed spectrum. In one embodiment, gNBs 180a, 180b, and 180c may implement Coordinated Multi-Point (CoMP) technology. For example, WTRU 102a may receive coordinated transmissions from gNB 180a and gNB 180b (and / or gNB 180c).

[0050] WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c may communicate with gNBs 180a, 180b, and 180c using transmissions associated with scalable numerology. For example, the OFDM symbol interval and / or the OFDM sub-carrier interval may vary for different transmissions, different cells, and / or different portions of the radio transmission spectrum. WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c may communicate with gNBs 180a, 180b, and 180c using sub-frames or transmission time intervals (TTIs) of various or scalable lengths (e.g., including various numbers of OFDM symbols and / or having absolute times of various durations).

[0051] gNBs 180a, 180b, and 180c may be configured to communicate with WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c in a stand-alone configuration and / or a non-stand-alone configuration. In a stand-alone configuration, the WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c may communicate with the gNBs 180a, 180b, and 180c without accessing other RANs (e.g., eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, and 160c, etc.). In a stand-alone configuration, the WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c may utilize one or more of the gNBs 180a, 180b, and 180c as a mobility anchor point. In a stand-alone configuration, the WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c may communicate with the gNBs 180a, 180b, and 180c using signals in an unlicensed band. In a non-stand-alone configuration, the WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c may communicate with and connect to the gNBs 180a, 180b, and 180c while also communicating with and connecting to another RAN such as eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, and 160c. For example, the WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c may implement a DC principle for communicating with one or more gNBs 180a, 180b, and 180c and one or more eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, and 160c substantially simultaneously. In a non-stand-alone configuration, the eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, and 160c may function as a mobility anchor for the WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c, and the gNBs 180a, 180b, and 180c may provide additional coverage and / or throughput for servicing the WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c.

[0052] Each of gNBs 180a, 180b, and 180c can be associated with a specific cell (not shown) and can be configured to handle radio resource management decisions, handover decisions, user scheduling in the uplink (UL) and / or downlink (DL), support for network slicing, dual connectivity, interworking between NR and E-UTRA, routing of user plane data towards user plane functions (UPFs) 184a, 184b, routing of control plane information towards access and mobility management functions (AMFs) 182a, 182b, etc. As shown in FIG. 1D, gNBs 180a, 180b, and 180c can communicate with each other via the Xn interface.

[0053] As shown in FIG. 1D, CN 115 can include at least one AMF 182a, 182b, at least one UPF 184a, 184b, at least one Session Management Function (SMF) 183a, 183b, and optionally data networks (DNs) 185a, 185b. Although each of the foregoing elements is shown as part of CN 115, it will be understood that any of these elements can be owned and / or operated by entities other than the CN operator.

[0054] AMF 182a and 182b can be connected to one or more of gNBs 180a, 180b, and 180c in RAN 113 via the N2 interface and can function as control nodes. For example, AMF 182a and 182b can play roles such as authenticating users of WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c, supporting network slicing (e.g., handling different PDU sessions with different requirements), selecting specific SMFs 183a and 183b, managing the registration area, terminating NAS signaling, and mobility management. Network slices can be used by AMF 182a and 182b to customize the CN support for WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c based on the type of services utilized by WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c. For example, different network slices can be established for different use cases such as services that rely on ultra-reliable low latency (URLLC) access, services that rely on enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB) access, and services for machine type communication (MTC) access. AMF 182a and 182b can provide control plane functions for switching between RAN 113 and other RANs (not shown) that use other radio technologies such as non-3GPP access technologies like LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, and / or WiFi.

[0055] SMF183a and 183b can be connected to AMF182a and 182b in CN115 via the N11 interface. SMF183a and 183b can also be connected to UPF184a and 184b in CN115 via the N4 interface. SMF183a and 183b can select and control UPF184a and 184b and configure the routing of traffic through UPF184a and 184b. SMF183a and 183b can perform other functions such as managing and allocating UE IP addresses, managing PDU sessions, enforcing policies and controlling QoS, and providing downlink data notifications. The PDU session type can be IP-based, non-IP-based, Ethernet-based, etc.

[0056] UPF184a and 184b can be connected to one or more of gNB180a, 180b, and 180c in RAN113 via the N3 interface, thereby providing access to a packet-switched network such as the Internet 110 to WTRU102a, 102b, and 102c to facilitate communication between WTRU102a, 102b, and 102c and IP-enabled devices. UPF184a and 184b can perform other functions such as routing and forwarding packets, enforcing user plane policies, supporting multi-home PDU sessions, handling user plane QoS, buffering downlink packets, and providing mobility anchoring.

[0057] CN115 may facilitate communication with other networks. For example, CN115 may include or communicate with an IP gateway (e.g., an IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) server) that functions as an interface between CN115 and the PSTN 108. Additionally, CN115 may provide access to other networks 112 for the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, which may include other wired and / or wireless networks owned and / or operated by other service providers. In one embodiment, the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may be connected to the local data networks (DNs) 185a, 185b through the UPFs 184a, 184b via an N3 interface to the UPFs 184a, 184b and an N6 interface between the UPFs 184a, 184b and the DNs 185a, 185b.

[0058] In view of FIGS. 1A-1D and the corresponding descriptions thereof, one or more of the functions described herein with respect to one or more of the WTRUs 102a-d, base stations 114a-b, eNodeBs 160a-c, MME 162, SGW 164, PGW 166, gNBs 180a-c, AMFs 182a-b, UPFs 184a-b, SMFs 183a-b, DNs 185a-b, and / or any other devices described herein may be performed by one or more emulation devices (not shown). An emulation device may be one or more devices configured to emulate one or more or all of the functions described herein. For example, an emulation device may be used to test other devices and / or simulate network and / or WTRU functionality.

[0059] An emulation device can be designed to implement one or more tests of other devices in a laboratory environment and / or an operator network environment. For example, one or more emulation devices can perform one or more or all functions while being fully or partially implemented and / or deployed as part of a wired and / or wireless communication network to test other devices in the communication network. One or more emulation devices can perform one or more or all functions while being temporarily implemented / deployed as part of a wired and / or wireless communication network. An emulation device can be directly coupled to another device for testing purposes and / or can perform tests using terrestrial wireless communication.

[0060] One or more emulation devices can perform one or more functions including all while not being implemented / deployed as part of a wired and / or wireless communication network. For example, an emulation device can be utilized in a test scenario in a test laboratory and / or in a non-deployed (e.g., for testing) wired and / or wireless communication network to implement tests of one or more components. One or more emulation devices can be test equipment. Direct RF coupling and / or wireless communication via an RF circuit (which can include one or more antennas) can be used by an emulation device to transmit and / or receive data.

[0061] Throughout the embodiments described herein, the terms "serving base station", "base station", "gNB", collectively "network" can be used interchangeably to designate a network element that acts as a serving base station. The embodiments described herein are not limited to gNBs and are applicable to any other type of base station.

[0062] For clarity, meeting a condition, not meeting a condition, and "configuring a condition parameter" are described throughout the embodiments described herein as being relative to a threshold (e.g., greater than or less than a value (e.g., the threshold)), constituting a value (e.g., the threshold), etc. For example, meeting a condition may be described as being above a value (e.g., the threshold), and not meeting a condition (e.g., a performance criterion) may be described as being below a value (e.g., the threshold). The embodiments described herein are not limited to threshold-based conditions. Any other kind of conditions and parameters (e.g., belonging or not belonging to a range of values) may be applicable to the embodiments described herein.

[0063] Example of network energy savings There may be new research items in 3GPP RAN regarding network energy savings in Release 18 for research on extending the network to enable reduction (e.g., minimization) of its power consumption from either transmission or reception. Such reduction (e.g., minimization) may make it possible to reduce operating costs and improve environmental sustainability.

[0064] Compared to previous systems, the design of Release 15 NR enables reduction (e.g., minimization) of transmissions from the network when there is no data. For example, the always-on cell-specific reference signal (CRS) is not used in NR. For example, the energy consumption (of NR Release 15) can be further reduced.

[0065] For example, the network may consume energy for processing operations other than transmission, such as baseband (e.g., digital) processing for reception and / or beamforming. Such "idle" power consumption may not be negligible (e.g., further) in a dense network when the WTRU is not being served for a period of time. Turning off these processing operations when not transmitting to the WTRU may enable the network to reduce its energy consumption.

[0066] For example, NR may support beamforming with up to 64 transmit and receive ports, and energy consumption may increase as the number of ports utilized increases. The utilization of a large number (e.g., maximum, constant) of ports may not actually be useful for all WTRUs. Adapting the number of ports to what may be expected by, for example, one or more WTRUs may make it possible to reduce energy consumption in the network.

[0067] In a 3GPP Release 17 NR-based system, reduction of idle power consumption on the network side may remain limited when there is no traffic from the WTRU. This is because resources may be configured by the network for the WTRU so that the network can attempt to receive (e.g., frequently) from (e.g., the WTRU). For example, the network may configure resources for any of the scheduling request (SR), random access channel (RACH), and configured grant (CG) of each WTRU having periodicity that may depend on its latency characteristics (e.g., expected value). For example, the network may configure periodic sounding reference signal (SRS) and / or channel state information (CSI) resources, for example, for link adaptation purposes. Even during a period when the WTRU may not have data to transmit, the network may be expected to attempt to receive for these resources and transmit CSI-RS to support periodic CSI.

[0068] The embodiments described herein may enable the network to know (e.g., determine) when transmission and / or reception can be turned off (or a smaller number of antenna ports can be used) for such resources and may make it possible to maintain the quality of service of the served WTRU.

[0069] Summary Throughout the embodiments described herein, the terms "availability state", "availability level", and "readiness state" may be used interchangeably to designate a state between sets of (e.g., expected transmit / receive) states of a WTRU that represent (e.g., are associated with) the level of (e.g., discrete) activity of the WTRU.

[0070] For example, a WTRU may determine whether it can transmit (or receive) one or more resources according to an availability state (availability state) indicated by the network (e.g., via transmitted information). In a first availability state, some resources may be unavailable during one or more periods in which the network can turn off baseband processing and other related processing operations (e.g., activities). Under one or more conditions, the WTRU may further send a request (e.g., a wake-up request, etc.) to the network to change from the first availability state to a second availability state in which resources that can meet the WTRU expectation value may be available. Such a wake-up request may correspond to a transmission that can be decoded by a low-complexity receiver in a gNB where energy consumption can be reduced.

[0071] The availability state (availability state) of the WTRU may imply (e.g., be associated with) the power saving state of the gNB. In one embodiment, the WTRU may determine the "availability state" according to one or more of the following examples.

[0072] In an example, the WTRU may determine the availability state (e.g., that it is in an available state) based on receipt of an availability state (e.g., level) indication from, for example, any of a group common physical downlink control channel (PDCCH), a MAC control element (MAC CE), and WTRU-specific downlink control information (DCI). The terms “availability state indication (availability status indication)” and “availability level indication” may be used interchangeably throughout the embodiments described herein to refer to any transmission indicating that the WTRU may be in an available state.

[0073] In another example, the WTRU may determine the availability state (e.g., that it is in an available state) after either receipt of a signal indicating a wake-up response or transmission of a signal indicating a “wake-up request”.

[0074] In yet another example, the WTRU may determine that it is in a default availability state (e.g., that it is in a default availability state). For example, the first / second availability state may be valid for a period of time after either (i) receipt of either an availability state indication or a wake-up response signal, and (ii) transmission of a wake-up request signal, at the end of which the WTRU may determine that it is in the default availability state.

[0075] In yet another example, the WTRU may determine that it is in a first / second availability state (e.g., that it is in a first / second availability state) when it is determined that a certain amount of time has elapsed after transmission of a wake-up request signal or receipt of an availability state indication.

[0076] In one embodiment, the WTRU may determine whether resources are available for transmission / reception for the determined availability state according to one or more of the following examples.

[0077] In an example, the WTRU may determine whether a resource is available for transmission / reception for a determined availability state based on whether the resource is for any of a scheduling request (SR), a configured grant, a sounding reference signal (SRS), a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS), a physical random access channel (PRACH), etc.

[0078] In another example, the WTRU may determine whether a resource is available for transmission / reception for a determined availability state based on the (e.g., maximum) number of ports associated with the resource. The resource may be characterized (e.g., associated) by the (e.g., maximum) number of ports. (e.g., the available number of ports may depend on the availability state).

[0079] In yet another example, the WTRU may determine whether a resource is available for transmission / reception for a determined availability state based on receiving (e.g., explicit) configuration information indicating any of, for example, the availability of the resource for (e.g., each) availability state, a time mask pattern associated with (e.g., each) availability state, etc.

[0080] In yet another example, the WTRU may determine whether a resource is available for transmission / reception for a determined availability state based on the periodicity of the resource.

[0081] In one embodiment, the WTRU may receive information indicating the configuration of a resource for one or more "wake-up requests" (WURs) according to one or more of the following examples.

[0082] In one example, the configuration of a resource for one or more WURs may include resource characteristics such as any of a scrambling initiator, a set of time occasions, a frequency span, and a spatial filter.

[0083] In another example, the configuration of resources for one or more WURs may include a power control configuration.

[0084] In yet another example, the configuration of resources for one or more WURs may include any parameters (e.g., maximum number of repetitions, "forbidden" timer, etc.) that may be used in the WUR procedure.

[0085] In one embodiment, the WTRU may initiate (e.g., transmit a WUR) a "wake-up request" procedure when one or more of the following conditions occur (e.g., are met).

[0086] In an example, the WTRU may transmit a WUR when the SR is triggered and / or when there are no resources available for the SR with the current availability status, e.g., within a latency limit.

[0087] In another example, the WTRU may transmit a WUR when the buffer status report (BSR) is triggered and / or when there are no resources available for the transmission of the BSR MAC CE in the current availability status, e.g., within a latency limit.

[0088] In yet another example, the WTRU may transmit a WUR when permission to transmit data available for transmission (e.g., considering logical channel prioritization (logical channel priority (LCP) limits)) is not available, e.g., within a latency threshold.

[0089] In yet another example, the WTRU may transmit a WUR when the buffer status meets a condition (e.g., is higher than a threshold).

[0090] In yet another example, the WTRU may transmit a WUR when any of the mobility and channel related events (e.g., radio resource management (RRM) events, bidirectional forwarding detection (BFD), etc.) are triggered.

[0091] In yet another example, the WTRU may transmit a WUR when the channel measurement values meet or do not meet a condition (e.g., exceed or fall below a configured threshold). For example, a channel measurement that meets or does not meet a condition may include any of: (i) the measured received signal strength indicator (RSSI) and / or reference signal signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (RS-SINR) exceeding or falling below a threshold, (ii) the absence of synchronization signal block (SSB) samples to be measured, and (iii) the non-detection of a primary synchronization signal / secondary synchronization signal (PSS / SSS).

[0092] In yet another example, the WTRU may transmit a WUR when an availability signal is detected according to any of the embodiments described herein.

[0093] In yet another example, the WTRU may transmit a WUR when uplink data arrives for a secondary cell group (SCG) bearer.

[0094] In yet another example, the WTRU may transmit a WUR when data arrives from either a data radio bearer (DRB) and / or (e.g., some) signaling radio bearers (SRB).

[0095] In yet another example, the WTRU may transmit a WUR when any of an RRC state change and RRC procedures (e.g., RRC resume, RRC establishment, RRC re-establishment, etc.) are triggered.

[0096] In yet another example, the WTRU may transmit a WUR when an RRC message (e.g., RRC release) is received.

[0097] In yet another example, the WTRU may transmit a WUR when any of the positioning procedures are executed and information indicating a positioning report is transmitted, e.g., when a position where it may be within the coverage of a cell as the best server is determined.

[0098] In yet another example, the WTRU may send a WUR in the case of any of the triggers described herein with respect to sending a wake-up request. In one embodiment, the WTRU may select a wake-up request resource (and / or WUR payload) according to one or more of the following examples of information.

[0099] In an example, the WTRU may select a wake-up request resource (and / or WUR payload) based on the target availability state. For example, the wake-up request resource may be selected if the wake-up request resource is associated with the target availability state.

[0100] In yet another example, the WTRU may select a wake-up request resource (and / or WUR payload) based on an indication of the resources being used.

[0101] In yet another example, the WTRU may select a wake-up request resource (and / or WUR payload) based on an indication of what triggered the wake-up request (such as any of SR ID, logical channel ID, logical channel priority, buffer status, etc.).

[0102] In yet another example, the WTRU may select a wake-up request resource (and / or WUR payload) based on the timing of the occasion for using the resources.

[0103] In one embodiment, the WTRU may start a timer.

[0104] In one embodiment, the WTRU may transmit and / or receive on available resources according to the requested availability state. This transmission and / or reception may be done either before receiving any information from the network indicating the availability state and after receiving information (e.g., confirming) indicating the availability state.

[0105] In one embodiment, the WTRU may complete a wake-up request procedure when one or more of the following conditions occur.

[0106] In a first example, the WTRU may complete a wake-up request procedure when the WTRU receives information indicating an available state.

[0107] In another example, the WTRU may complete a wake-up request procedure when the WTRU receives (any) unicast PDCCH.

[0108] In yet another example, the WTRU may complete a wake-up request procedure when a timer expires according to any embodiment described herein.

[0109] In yet another example, the WTRU may complete a wake-up request procedure when a (for example, maximum) number of wake-up request transmissions has been reached. The WTRU may report this event by transmitting information in any of DCI, MAC CE, and radio resource control (RRC) messages.

[0110] FIG. 2 is a transmission timing diagram showing an example of WTRU operation that enables network energy savings. For example, the WTRU may have received (i) one or more SR resources and (ii) first information indicating a set of wake-up request occasions, and each (for example) SR resource may be associated with one or more availability levels such as level 0, level 1, etc. For example, the WTRU may determine that it is at a first level of availability (for example, level 0).

[0111] At time 200, there may be SR resources that may be available (for example, associated) with either a first level of availability (for example, level 0) or a second level of availability (for example, level 1).

[0112] At time 202, the WTRU may determine that the SR can be transmitted using SR resources associated with a second level (e.g., level 1) of one or more levels of availability.

[0113] At time 204, for example, if there are no SR resources associated with a second level of availability (e.g., level 1), the WTRU may use a first wake-up request occasion of a set of wake-up request occasions to transmit a first wake-up request. For example, the WTRU may start a timer to monitor (monitor) for the reception of an availability level indication.

[0114] At time 206, the WTRU may transmit the SR within the SR resources associated with the second level of availability.

[0115] At time 208, the WTRU may receive a transmission indicating an availability level indication and may stop the timer. If the timer expires without receiving an availability level indication (e.g., if the time period after transmission of the first wake-up request has ended), the WTRU may use a second wake-up occasion of a set of wake-up request occasions to transmit a second wake-up request, the first wake-up request may be transmitted at a first transmission power, and the second wake-up request may be transmitted at a second transmission power that may be higher than the first transmission power.

[0116] Example of determination of availability state The WTRU may determine one available state from several available states based on any of the following examples. For example, there may be two available states ("on" and "off"), three available states (e.g., "deep sleep", "micro sleep", "on"), or four available states (e.g., "off", "deep sleep", "micro sleep", "on"). The available states may be applicable (e.g., associable) to at least one resource, and the resource may be associated with one or more available states. The available states may be applicable to at least one time period, such as a time slot or a time symbol. The available states may be applicable (e.g., associable) to any of a serving cell, a cell group, a frequency band, a bandwidth part, and a range of frequencies within the bandwidth part.

[0117] Example of receiving DCI or MAC CE In one embodiment, the WTRU may receive information (e.g., an indication therefrom) in either downlink control information (DCI) or a MAC control element and may determine an available state based on such information (e.g., the indication). For example, the information (e.g., the indication) may be included in group common PDCCH. The information (e.g., the indication) may indicate at least one identification information of an available state during at least one time period, such as any of a symbol, a slot, and a frame. For example, the information (e.g., the indication) may correspond to an index to a table, and each entry of the table may indicate a sequence of available states applicable to a sequence of respective time symbols starting from the start of the next time slot. The table may be predefined or may be configured by receiving configuration information based on, for example, an RRC message.

[0118] In another example, the information (e.g., indication) may comprise a MAC CE indicating an index to an availability state. The availability state may be applicable starting from a delay after reception of the MAC CE, or from a delay after transmission of a Hybrid Automatic Repeat reQuest - ACK (HARQ - ACK) that acknowledges the Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH) carrying the MAC CE. The WTRU may start a timer at that point. The availability state may be applicable until either reception (or transmission) of signaling indicating a new availability state (e.g., triggering), or until expiration of the timer. At least one of the delay and the timer may be any of pre - defined, signaled within the MAC CE, and configured by receiving configuration information, e.g., based on RRC.

[0119] Example of reception of an availability state indication signal Throughout the embodiments described herein, the terms "availability state indication (usability state indication)", "availability state indication signal", "availability level indication" and "availability level indication signal", "transmission indicating an availability state", and "transmission indicating an availability level" may be used interchangeably to designate any transmission that acknowledges that the WTRU may be in an availability state (e.g., at an availability level).

[0120] In one embodiment, the WTRU may determine the availability state from the detection (e.g., reception) of an Availability State Indication (ASI) signal. Such a signal may be generated from at least one sequence, such as, for example, a Zadoff-Chu, M-sequence, and Gold sequence. The WTRU may attempt to detect such a signal during one or more occasions. Such occasions may be associated (e.g., tied) with the SSB (Synchronization Signal Block) transmission time for the serving cell according to a (e.g., defined) timing relationship. Information indicating either the timing of the ASI signal occasion or the timing relationship of the ASI signal with the SSB may be received by the WTRU (e.g., indicated by a higher layer from system information, etc.). The WTRU may determine the availability state based on at least one characteristic of the availability state indication. For example, the at least one characteristic may include any of a parameter, a time offset, and a frequency offset used for the generation of the at least one sequence. The parameter and / or offset may be either pre-defined or signaled (e.g., indicated) by a higher layer such as system information (e.g., information, signaling). The indicated availability state may be applicable until the next (e.g., subsequent) ASI signal occasion.

[0121] Example of Wake-up Request Transmission or Wake-up Response Reception In one embodiment, the WTRU may determine the availability state (e.g., that it is in an available state) after either transmitting a wake-up request signal or receiving a wake-up response signal. The wake-up response signal may be a DL signal (e.g., or channel) that includes any one of an SSB signal, a reference signal, a measurement resource, a PDCCH transmission, and a PDSCH transmission. In another example, the wake-up response may be indicated by a downlink RRC message. The availability state may be applicable from a delay (which may be zero) after the transmission of the wake-up request or the reception of the wake-up response. The availability state may be indicated by the wake-up response signal. For example, the WTRU may determine the availability state based on the characteristics of the wake-up response signal according to any of the embodiments described herein for the availability state indication signal.

[0122] Examples of upper layer configuration and signaling In one embodiment, the WTRU may determine the availability state (e.g., that it is in an available state) based on receiving a signaling message (e.g., of an upper layer such as RRC). For example, the WTRU may receive information indicating an initial availability state for a serving cell in an RRC message such as either an RRC connection setup and RRC (re)configuration message. Information indicating the (e.g., initial) availability state for a serving cell may be received in a broadcast transmission indicating a broadcast configuration. In another example, the WTRU may receive information indicating the availability state to be applied upon activation of a serving cell and / or upon switching to a bandwidth part for at least one serving cell and bandwidth part. For example, the WTRU may receive information indicating a switch to the availability state in a part of an (e.g., RRC) message (such as any one of an DL DCCH message, a DL common control channel (CCCH) message, an RRC release message, an RRC suspension message, and an RRC establishment message confirmation).

[0123] Examples of RRC connection state or mode For example, the WTRU may determine the availability state based on a (e.g., RRC) connection state or mode (e.g., that it is in an available state). For example, the WTRU may determine the availability state (e.g., that it is in an available state) from the reception of an indication multiplexing part of an (e.g., RRC) message. The WTRU may use a default availability state that may or may not be specific to (e.g., associated with) a certain (e.g., RRC) state, which may be either configured or pre - defined. For example, the WTRU may autonomously determine the availability state after transitioning to an inactive state.

[0124] Examples of default availability states In one embodiment, the WTRU may determine the default availability state (e.g., that it is in the default availability state). The WTRU may determine that it is in the default availability state after a certain amount of time has elapsed after determining the availability state according to any of the embodiments described herein (e.g., that it is in an available state). The WTRU may determine that it is in the default availability state during time intervals when no applicable availability state is otherwise determined. For example, if the WTRU does not detect (e.g., receive) signaling information indicating the availability state in an occasion for a PDCCH or ASI signal, the WTRU may determine the default availability state (e.g., that it is in the default availability state) for a time interval applicable to the PDCCH or ASI signal, such as the time interval between that occasion and a subsequent occasion.

[0125] Example of determination of availability state from insufficient reception of ASI signal A WTRU may monitor for the reception of an availability indication signal (ASI) or channel from a gNB associated with one or more available states (e.g., on or micro-sleep). For example, the WTRU may be configured (e.g., receive configuration information indicating it) using either the periodicity associated with an availability indication signal per cell, for example, and a monitoring occasion pattern for the detection of the cell's availability indication signal. The availability indication signal may be a DL signal (e.g., or channel) including any of an SSB signal, a reference signal, a PDCCH transmission, and a PDSCH transmission. For each cell or carrier, for example, the WTRU may be configured (e.g., receive configuration information indicating it) with an association between an SSB (e.g., or other DL signal) and the availability signal for the cell. For example, if the WTRU does not detect (e.g., receive) an availability indication signal associated with its state (e.g., either an SSB and a CSI-RS), the available state may not be active. For example, the available state may be any of off, micro-sleep, and deep-sleep if the WTRU does not detect (e.g., receive) an availability indication signal associated with the available state "on".

[0126] If a signal is measured with a quality metric (e.g., such as either radio signal received power (RSRP) and signal-to-interference plus noise ratio (SINR)) that does not meet an intensity condition (e.g., below a (e.g., configured) threshold), the WTRU may determine that an availability indication signal or a wake-up response signal is not detected (e.g., received).

[0127] For example, the WTRU may use a counter or a detection timer before changing to an active available state or before making an availability determination based on the ASI, whereby the WTRU may change the available state (e.g., only it) if the timer expires or if the WTRU counts a consecutive number of missing samples of the available state indication signal. For example, the WTRU may determine that the available state is (e.g., is in the available state) based on the lack of reception of the ASI signal. For example, the lack of reception of the ASI signal may be determined based on not detecting (e.g., not receiving) the ASI during a period of time and any of several consecutive missing samples of the ASI signal. For example, the WTRU may be configured with a period for measuring available state indication signal samples (e.g., may receive configuration information indicating it). If the determined measurement value over this period meets the condition (e.g., is greater than a threshold), the WTRU may stop or (re)start the detection timer or reset the counter. If the determined measurement value of the availability signal over this period does not meet the condition (e.g., is less than the threshold), the WTRU may increment the counter and / or the WTRU may (re)start the detection timer.

[0128] Example of determination of resource availability for available state How the WTRU may determine which resources may be available for (e.g., each) state is described herein. For example, which resources may be available for which state may be based on either explicit configuration information and a time pattern.

[0129] For either default resources or additional resources, the WTRU may use one or more of the following techniques to determine whether the resources are available for transmission or reception for a (e.g., given) available state.

[0130] The resources may correspond to any of the following examples.

[0131] In one example, the resource may correspond to a Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH) resource configured for any of, for example, HARQ-ACK (e.g., semi-persistent scheduling HARQ-ACK), scheduling request (SR), link recovery request (LRR), and periodic (e.g., or semi-persistent) CSI.

[0132] In another example, the resource may correspond to a Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH) resource configured for, for example, configured grant type 1 and / or type 2.

[0133] In yet another example, the resource may correspond to a PRACH resource. For example, either the PRACH configuration or a subset of the PRACH resources may be configured as being available (e.g., associated therewith) only in a subset of the available states.

[0134] In yet another example, the resource may correspond to an SRS resource.

[0135] In yet another example, the resource may correspond to a CSI-RS resource (e.g., configured for any of CSI reporting, beam failure detection or recovery, radio link monitoring, and measurements).

[0136] In yet another example, the resource may correspond to a Positioning Reference Signal (PRS) resource.

[0137] In yet another example, the resource may correspond to a PDCCH resource and / or an associated core set.

[0138] In yet another example, the resource may correspond to a PDSCH resource (e.g., configured for semi-persistent scheduling).

[0139] In yet another example, the resource may correspond to an SSB resource.

[0140] In some embodiments, the WTRU may determine that resources indicated by DCI (e.g., excluding resources activated by DCI) may be available for any available state. For example, the WTRU may determine that resources activated by either DCI or MAC CE may be available for any available state. For example, a subset of uplink resources (e.g., such as PRACH, PUCCH, or PUSCH) may be activated after successful reception of a gNB response to a wake-up request, such as a DL wake-up signal associated with a wake-up receiver radio in the WTRU. For example, a subset of uplink resources may be activated following transmission of a wake-up signal.

[0141] Example of explicit resource configuration In some embodiments, the WTRU may receive configuration information (e.g., in an RRC message) indicating resources (e.g., that may be associated) that may be available for (e.g., each possible) available state. The WTRU may receive, for example, configuration information indicating resources that may be available in any available state. Such resources may sometimes be referred to as "minimum resources", and resources that are available in a subset of available states (e.g., only it) may sometimes be referred to as "additional resources". The configuration may correspond to at least one additional information element for (e.g., each) resource indicating at least one state in which the resource may be available. In another example, the configuration may correspond to an additional information element indicating (e.g., associated) resources (e.g., additional resources) available for the available state for (e.g., each) state.

[0142] Example of additional state-specific parameters In some embodiments, the WTRU may receive information indicating a configuration of values that at least one parameter of a resource may take for at least one (e.g., respective) available state. For example, a periodic parameter may take a first (second) value in a first (second) available state. In another example, a parameter indicating the number of ports may take a first (second) value in a first (second) available state.

[0143] Example of time pattern In some embodiments, the WTRU may receive configuration information indicating a set of time intervals, e.g., a time pattern for each (e.g., respective) available state (e.g., via either RRC or MAC CE). Such a time pattern may indicate time intervals during which a resource may (or may not) be available for an available state. For example, the time pattern may correspond to a sequence of bits (e.g., a bitmap) corresponding to a respective sequence of time units such as time symbols, slots, and frames. The WTRU may determine that a resource, such as a periodically or semi - permanently repeated (e.g., iterated) resource, may be available for a (e.g., given) repeated (e.g., iterated) instance if the time pattern indicates that the resource is (e.g., fully) contained within (or partially contained within) the time interval during which the time pattern may indicate availability.

[0144] In the case of PRACH, the WTRU may receive configuration information indicating a subset of PRACH occasions for each (e.g., respective) available state.

[0145] Maximum periodicity In some embodiments, the WTRU may determine that a resource that is repeated periodically, or semi - permanently (e.g., iteratively) may be available for an available state when the periodicity of the resource meets, for example, the conditions associated with this state (e.g., is greater than (or equal to) a threshold configured for this state). For example, if the threshold is 2 slots (e.g., per time unit) for the available state, the resource may be available in this available state when its periodicity is 2 slots or more (e.g., per time unit), and may not be available otherwise. The conditions (e.g., thresholds) applicable to the state may be configured by the RRC (e.g., by receiving configuration information indicating the conditions), or may be signaled (e.g., indicated) in a MAC CE indicating the available state.

[0146] Maximum number of antenna ports In one embodiment, the WTRU may determine that a resource is available for an available state when the number of antenna ports associated with the resource, or configured for the resource, meets, for example, the conditions associated with this state (e.g., is less than (or equal to) a threshold configured for this state). The conditions (e.g., thresholds) applicable to the state may be configured by the RRC (e.g., by receiving configuration information indicating the conditions), or may be signaled (e.g., indicated) in a MAC CE indicating the available state.

[0147] Example of adaptation of DL resources for each available state Radio Resource Management (RRM) / Radio Link Management (RLM) / Beam Failure Detection (BFD) For example, the WTRU may be configured (e.g., receive configuration information indicating it) to use either different beam failure detection and RLM resources for monitoring per available state.

[0148] For example, after transmitting a wake-up request signal or receiving a wake-up request response, the WTRU may monitor any of additional RLM, RRM, and BFD resources (e.g., a reference signal (RS) or SSB). Transmitting a wake-up request from a (e.g., specific) available state may imply (e.g., indicate) a request for any of the additional RLM, RRM, and BFD resources transmitted by the network (NW) and monitored by the WTRU.

[0149] SSB / RS For example, the WTRU may be configured with different sets of SSB and / or CSI-RS (e.g., receive configuration information indicating it) for monitoring per available state. For example, the WTRU may be configured with different monitoring periodicities for applicable SSB and / or CSI-RS per available state (e.g., receive configuration information indicating it). For example, the WTRU may adjust measurement occasions according to the periodicity of the applicable SSB and / or CSI-RS associated with an active available state. For example, the WTRU may measure SSB and / or CSI-RS samples (e.g., only it) in an occasion applicable to an active available state. For example, the WTRU may skip configured measurement gaps that may not overlap with the applicable SSB and / or CSI-RS occasions in an active available state according to the configured SSB and / or CSI-RS periodicity associated with the available state.

[0150] PDCCH monitoring For example, the WTRU may be configured with (e.g., may receive configuration information indicating) different sets of any of a core set, a search space, and a PDCCH occasion for each availability state to monitor. Within the configured core set or search space, the WTRU may be configured with (e.g., may receive configuration information indicating) a PDCCH occasion mask that may indicate to the WTRU which subset of PDCCH occasions within the configured core set or search space to monitor or skip. For example, the WTRU may monitor the PDCCH in (e.g., only in) occasions applicable to an active availability state. The WTRU may skip PDCCH occasions that are not likely to be transmitted in an active availability state.

[0151] Example of coordination between WTRU power saving state and availability state In one embodiment, the WTRU may be configured using an association between the WTRU power saving state and the availability state or may be pre-determined. For example, the WTRU may switch its WTRU power saving state to a state associated with an active availability state. For example, the WTRU may determine an active availability state based on an active WTRU power saving state. For example, the WTRU may determine an active availability state based on the (e.g., signaled) WTRU power saving state of the WTRU (e.g., based on receiving information indicating the WTRU power saving state). For example, the WTRU may apply associated resource and measurement configurations configured for the availability state and / or the WTRU power saving state. The WTRU power saving state may include at least one of the following examples.

[0152] In an example, the WTRU power saving state may include a DRX state (active vs. inactive).

[0153] In another example, the WTRU power saving state may include a DRX cycle (long vs. short).

[0154] In yet another example, the WTRU power saving state may include primary or secondary DRX.

[0155] In another example, the WTRU power saving state may include an indication of whether the WTRU monitors for wake-up signals from the network.

[0156] In another example, the WTRU power saving state may be associated with some active antenna chains or elements (s).

[0157] In another example, the WTRU power saving state may include either an RRM or an RLM relaxation state.

[0158] In another example, the WTRU power saving state may include a PDCCH skip state.

[0159] Examples of WUR signal determination In some embodiments, the WUR signal may be a sequence (e.g., any of a Zadoff-Chu, m-sequence, and Gold sequence). For example, the set of sequences may be reserved, configured, used, for WUR signal indication. The WTRU may determine a sequence for WUR transmission within the set of sequences to indicate relevant information regarding the WUR signal, and the relevant information may include one or more of the following example information.

[0160] In an example, a sequence within the set of sequences may be associated with (e.g., indicate) the coverage level of the WTRU, and the coverage level of the WTRU may be determined based on any of (1) the most recent coverage level of the WTRU before the network may transition to an idle state (e.g., a dormant state), (2) the most recent coverage level of the WTRU before the WTRU may transition to an idle state (e.g., an inactive state), and (3) proximity to the gNB (e.g., based on the WTRU location and the gNB location).

[0161] In another example, the sequences in the set of sequences may be associated with (e.g., indicate) a geographical location, and the geographical location information may be determined based on either (1) a zone identifier where the WTRU may be located (e.g., one or more zones may be configured by the gNB and the WTRU may determine (e.g., identify) a zone based on the WTRU location), where each zone may be associated with a sequence, or (2) an absolute WTRU location.

[0162] In yet another example, the sequences in the set of sequences may be associated with (e.g., indicate) measurement values of reference signals, where the reference signals may be measured periodically, e.g., by the gNB.

[0163] In yet another example, the sequences in the set of sequences may be associated with (e.g., indicate) the WTRU buffer status.

[0164] In yet another example, the sequences in the set of sequences may be associated with (e.g., indicate) a traffic type (e.g., any of URLLC, enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), and massive machine type communication (mMTC), etc.).

[0165] In yet another example, the sequences in the set of sequences may be associated with (e.g., indicate) a WTRU type (e.g., either a low-capability WTRU or a high-capability WTRU, etc.) that may be determined based on any of the number of Rx antennas, supported bandwidth, power class, etc.

[0166] In yet another example, the sequences in the set of sequences may be associated with (e.g., indicate) an expected (minimum) bandwidth.

[0167] In yet another example, the sequences in the set of sequences may be associated with (e.g., indicate) a determined SSB index (or, e.g., preferred beam information).

[0168] In some embodiments, the WUR signal can be a UL signal (e.g., any of a PRACH, PUCCH, SRS, demodulation reference signal (DMRS), etc.). For example, a set of UL signal resources can be reserved, configured, or used for WUR signal indication (e.g., for transmission). For example, the WTRU can determine a UL signal resource for WUR transmission within a set of UL signal resources to indicate relevant information for the WUR signal.

[0169] Examples of WUR Signals Based on Coverage Level In some embodiments, the WUR signal can be defined, designed, or configured based on the coverage level of the WTRU. For example, the coverage level of the WUR signal can be determined based on one or more of the following examples.

[0170] In an example, the WUR signal can be determined based on a waveform. (For example, a first waveform can be used when the WTRU is within a first coverage level, a second waveform can be used when the WTRU is within a second coverage level, the first waveform can be based on cyclic prefix OFDM (CP - OFDM), and the second waveform can be based on discrete Fourier transform spread OFDM (DFT - s - OFDM)).

[0171] In another example, the WUR signal can be determined based on the number of repetitions. (For example, when the WTRU is within a worse coverage level, a larger number of repetitions can be used for the WUR).

[0172] In yet another example, the WUR signal can be determined based on the sequence length (e.g., when the WTRU is within a first coverage level, a first sequence length can be used for the WUR, when the WTRU is within a second coverage level, a second sequence length can be used for the WUR, and when the first coverage level is worse than the second coverage level, the first sequence length can be longer than the second sequence length).

[0173] In yet another example, the WUR signal can be determined based on the sequence type.

[0174] In yet another example, the WUR signal can be determined based on the number of tones (e.g., sub-carriers) used for the WUR.

[0175] In yet another example, the WUR signal can be determined based on the sub-carrier spacing used for the WUR (e.g., a smaller sub-carrier spacing can be used if the WTRU is within a worse (e.g., lower) coverage level).

[0176] Example of gNB response to the WUR signal In some embodiments, the WTRU may expect to receive a gNB response after transmitting the WUR signal, and the gNB response may include one or more of the following examples.

[0177] In one example, the gNB response may include an SSB (e.g., the SSB associated with the WUR signal).

[0178] As another example, the gNB response may include information indicating a PDCCH (or search space) associated with the WUR signal.

[0179] In yet another example, the gNB response may include a reference signal associated with the WUR signal (e.g., either a Tracking Reference Signal (TRS), a CSI-RS, etc.).

[0180] For example, if the gNB response is not detected (e.g., received) within a time window after transmitting the WUR signal, the WTRU may perform one or more of the following example operations.

[0181] In one example of an operation, the WTRU may increase the transmission power of the WUR signal during a time period after the transmission of the WUR has ended without receiving the gNB response (e.g., increase the transmission power with an offset).

[0182] In another example of operation, the WTRU may increase the coverage level of a wake-up request signal (WUR).

[0183] In yet another example of operation, the WTRU may change the WUR type.

[0184] In yet another example of operation, the WTRU may determine that the serving cell may be out of coverage and may perform an initial cell search.

[0185] Wake-up request resource configuration In some embodiments, the WTRU may receive configuration information indicating one or more wake-up request (WUR) resources. The configuration information may include (i) parameters for initializing at least one sequence, (ii) parameters for determining a set of (e.g., possible) time occasions, (iii) frequency domain information, and (iv) spatial filter (beam) information. The configuration information may include (e.g., indicate) parameters that may be used in the WUR procedure, such as, for example, the number of (e.g., maximum) repetitions, the value of a "forbidden" timer, and the value of a timer (e.g., time period) for transitioning back to a default available state.

[0186] (E.g., as shown therein) The WUR resource configuration information may depend on, or be selected based on, one or more of the following examples.

[0187] In a first example, the WUR resource may be associated with one or more available states and may be selected based on the available state requested by the WTRU.

[0188] In another example, the WUR resource may be associated with a scheduling request.

[0189] In yet another example, the WUR resource may depend on, or be selected based on, either logical channel identification information and logical channel priority for which data may be available for transmission (e.g., an SR may be transmitted).

[0190] In yet another example, the WUR resource may depend on or be selected based on the amount of data available for transmission.

[0191] In yet another example, the WUR resource may depend on or be selected based on the type of trigger (such as any of the triggers described herein).

[0192] In yet another example, the WUR resource may depend on or be selected based on the coverage level as described herein.

[0193] In some embodiments, if the WUR comprises a set of modulated symbols, any of the parameters described above may be encoded and mapped (e.g., associated) to the modulated symbols.

[0194] For example, the WTRU may receive configuration information indicating power control parameters applicable to the WUR. For example, such parameters may include either an offset P0 to the estimated path loss and an alpha parameter.

[0195] Wake-up request triggers and procedures are described herein.

[0196] Triggers and procedures for wake-up requests Wake-up request triggers and procedures are described herein.

[0197] Examples of conditions for transmitting a wake-up request The WTRU may transmit (e.g., trigger the transmission of) a wake-up request signal when one or more of the following example conditions are met.

[0198] In an example, the WTRU may send (e.g., trigger the sending of) a wake-up request signal when new data arrives from a subset of any of a data radio bearer (DRB), SRB, logical channel (LCH), and logical channel group (LCG) (which may be associated with either a priority level or an index, for example).

[0199] In another example, the WTRU may send (e.g., trigger the sending of) a wake-up request signal when transmitting on an associated uplink resource. (For example, when a transport block (TB) can be transmitted on a subset of the associated resources (e.g., any of PUSCH, PUCCH, and PRACH resources), the WTRU may trigger a wake-up request).

[0200] In yet another example, the WTRU may send (e.g., trigger the sending of) a wake-up request signal when the amount of buffered data meets a condition (e.g., exceeds a threshold). The WTRU may trigger a wake-up request, for example, when the amount of buffered data exceeds a configured or predetermined threshold from a subset of any of a DRB, LCH, and LCG, for example).

[0201] In yet another example, the WTRU may send (e.g., trigger the sending of) a wake-up request signal when either a buffer status report (BSR) or a SR is triggered (e.g., determined to be sent). The WTRU may trigger a wake-up request, for example, when a new BSR and / or a new SR is triggered, for example, when the new SR is for a specific SR configuration (e.g., a specific SR resource, etc.) (e.g., associated therewith).

[0202] In yet another example, the WTRU may send (e.g., trigger the sending of) a wake-up request signal when either uplink control information (UCI) or data to be sent is available. (For example, the WTRU may trigger a wake-up request when a new UCI should be sent, depending on any one of (i) the UCI type (e.g., any one of HARQ ACK, CSI, and precoding matrix indicator (PMI)), (ii) the priority associated with the UCI, and (iii) the LCH and DRB associated with the UCI).

[0203] In yet another example, the WTRU may send (e.g., trigger the sending of) a wake-up request signal upon detection of a beam failure and / or a radio link monitoring (RLM) event.

[0204] In yet another example, the WTRU may send (e.g., trigger the sending of) a wake-up request signal when the channel state is measured as meeting or not meeting a quality condition (e.g., above or below a (e.g., configured) threshold). The channel condition may include, for example, any condition related to the state of the radio / channel, which may be determined by the WTRU based on any one of (1) WTRU measurements (e.g., (i) L1 / SINR / RSRP, (ii) channel quality information / modulation and coding scheme (CQI / MCS), (iii) channel occupancy, (iv) received signal strength indicator (RSSI), (v) power headroom and / or exposure headroom), (2) L3 / mobility-based measurements (e.g., RSRP and / or reference signal received quality (RSRQ)), (3) RLM state, and (4) channel availability in unlicensed spectrum (e.g., whether the channel is occupied based on the determination of a listen before talk (LBT) procedure and / or whether the channel is considered to have experienced a (e.g., consistent, durable) LBT failure).

[0205] In yet another example, the WTRU may (e.g., trigger the transmission thereof) send a wake-up request signal when an L3 or mobility event is triggered.

[0206] In yet another example, the WTRU may (e.g., trigger the transmission thereof) send a wake-up request signal when a (e.g., consistent, persistent) wake-up request signal has been sent and a UL LBT impairment is detected on the serving cell and / or active BWP.

[0207] In yet another example, the WTRU may (e.g., trigger the transmission thereof) send a wake-up request signal when the WTRU autonomously switches BWP (e.g., at the expiration of a BWP switching timer and / or when a BWP switch is caused by the start of a RACH).

[0208] In yet another example, the WTRU may (e.g., trigger the transmission thereof) send a wake-up request signal when entering any of (e.g., specific) discontinuous reception (DRX) states, cycles, and power saving modes, including, for example, short and / or long connected mode DRX.

[0209] In yet another example, the WTRU may (e.g., trigger the transmission thereof) send a wake-up request signal when either a tracking area update or a RAN paging area update is triggered (e.g., during mobility to a cell that may not have the WTRU context outside the serving RAN paging area).

[0210] Example procedures for transitioning between an availability state and wake-up request retransmission In some embodiments, after transitioning to an available state and transmitting a wake-up request, the WTRU may start a timer (e.g., a "forbidden" timer). For example, the WTRU may transition to an available state associated with the wake-up request upon transmitting (e.g., after transmitting) the wake-up request. In another example, the WTRU may transition to an available state associated with the wake-up request after receiving (e.g., only after receiving) a response from the gNB that can be any of PDCCH transmission, PDSCH transmission, and reception of either a control signal or a control element. The WTRU may stop the timer if either an available state indication or a response to the wake-up request is received from the gNB. The WTRU may stop the timer upon receiving a downlink signal from the gNB (e.g., after receiving).

[0211] In some embodiments, after the expiration of the "forbidden" timer, the WTRU may transition to a default configured available state or to the state that was active before transmitting the wake-up request. The WTRU may change its (e.g., RRC) state (e.g., to either inactive and idle mode) after the expiration of the "forbidden" timer. For example, the WTRU may transmit or retransmit another (or a second) wake-up request after the expiration of the timer using modified transmission parameters including any of transmit power, timing advance, and spatial filter. For example, the WTRU may set the value of the "forbidden" timer as a random backoff, whereby the random value may be selected between 0 and a (e.g., configured maximum) timer value. The WTRU may retransmit the wake-up request on a supplementary uplink (SUL) after the expiration of the "forbidden" timer and / or after a configured number of attempts. For example, the WTRU may transmit a wake-up request associated with any of a different available state, a different transmit / receive point (TRP), and a different carrier after any of (i) not receiving a response to the wake-up request from the network, (ii) expiration of the "forbidden" timer, and (iii) transmitting a configured number of wake-up request attempts.

[0212] For example, the WTRU may be configured with (e.g., a maximum) number of allowed wake-up request transmissions (e.g., may receive configuration information indicating the same). For example, the WTRU may maintain a counter, and the WTRU may increment the counter (e.g., by only 1) after transmitting a wake-up request. For example, the WTRU may transmit multiple wake-up request signals up to a configured value for the (e.g., maximum) number of allowed wake-up request transmissions. For example, when the WTRU receives a response to a wake-up request from the gNB, it may reset the counter. When the (e.g., maximum) number of allowed wake-up request transmissions is reached, the WTRU may do any of the following: (i) transition to a default configured availability state for the cell, (ii) transmit wake-up request signals on a different serving cell and / or TRP, and (iii) change its (e.g., RRC) state.

[0213] Examples of Resource Monitoring and Selection for Each Availability State For example, the WTRU may activate or deactivate beam failure detection and / or RLM according to the active availability state. The WTRU may be configured (e.g., may receive configuration information indicating) whether RLM and / or bi-directional forwarding detection (BFD) should be used for each availability state. After switching to an availability state, if BFD and / or RLM signals are configured (e.g., associated) for the availability state, the WTRU may monitor the BFD and / or RLM signals.

[0214] For example, the WTRU may be configured (e.g., receive configuration information indicating so) to use different beam failure detection and / or RLM resources for monitoring each availability state. For example, the BFD and / or RLM resources may be associated with one or more availability states. The WTRU may use different values for either the BFD timer and BFD threshold according to the active availability state. The WTRU may apply different values for either the RLM timer and count threshold according to the active network availability state. The WTRU may suspend BFD and / or RLM when the network (and / or WTRU) is in the "off" or "deep sleep" availability state.

[0215] In some embodiments, the WTRU may be configured or pre-defined to initiate cell reselection or SI acquisition procedures after transitioning to an availability state. For example, the WTRU may further perform any of cell search, initial access, and mobility procedures. For example, the WTRU may be configured (e.g., receive configuration information indicating so) for each availability state as to whether the WTRU may perform cell reselection. For example, the WTRU may be configured (e.g., receive configuration information indicating so) with alternative serving cells that may be used by the WTRU in an availability state if the WTRU determines that the serving cell may have transitioned to an availability state. For example, the WTRU may initiate a random access procedure to connect to an alternative serving cell.

[0216] In some embodiments, the WTRU may activate or deactivate one or more carriers and / or bandwidth parts (BWPs) on a serving cell according to an active availability state. For example, when the WTRU determines to transition to this availability state, the WTRU may use a subset of carriers and / or BWPs that can be deactivated, and the WTRU may be configured for each availability state (e.g., may receive configuration information indicating). For example, when the WTRU determines to transition from an availability state to a different state, it may reactivate those carriers and / or BWPs. This can be configured based on an active carrier. For example, the WTRU may monitor an availability signal for each active component carrier and / or BWP availability state.

[0217] In some embodiments, if the WTRU does not receive an availability signal preceding an uplink resource, a subset of the serving cell's uplink resources (e.g., any of RACH, PUSCH, and PUCCH) may not be used by the WTRU. For example, all uplink resources may not be available for transmission by the WTRU until the next availability signal occasion if no availability signal is detected. For example, the WTRU may start a timer based on not detecting an availability signal at an availability signal occasion, and the WTRU may not use any uplink resources while such a timer is running (e.g., during the time period corresponding to the timer). For example, the WTRU may transition to a C-DRX state (e.g., short DRX or long DRX) based on not detecting an availability signal.

[0218] For example, a WTRU can be configured with a resource configuration that can be used for each active available state, including, for example, any of an uplink resource, a measurement resource, a downlink data resource, and a control resource (e.g., it can receive configuration information indicating that the resource can be used). The WTRU can activate or deactivate a preconfigured resource (e.g., any of a RACH, PDCCH, PUCCH, PUSCH, CG, and DL semi-persistent scheduling (SPS) resource), for example, according to an active available state. The WTRU may not use (for the uplink) or monitor (for the downlink) a resource that can be deactivated based on a transition to an available state that may not be associated with the resource.

[0219] In some embodiments, the WTRU can be configured to transmit a wake-up request signal on either a normal uplink (NUL) or a supplementary uplink (SUL). For example, the WTRU can transmit a wake-up request signal on the SUL when a channel measurement value (e.g., RSRP) does not meet a condition (e.g., is less than a (e.g., configured) threshold). The WTRU can transmit a wake-up request signal on the SUL in a subset of available states. For example, the WTRU can transmit a wake-up signal on the SUL when the WTRU does not detect an availability indication signal. For example, the UL resources on the SUL can be active in (e.g., only) a subset of (e.g., configured) available states.

[0220] In some embodiments, for a DRB configured using either carrier aggregation (CA) or DC replication, when at least one of the legs Ψ associated with the replicated DRB changes the available state (e.g., is turned off or put into sleep mode), the WTRU can (e.g., autonomously) deactivate the replication. For example, the WTRU may apply replication in a subset of available states that can be configured by the RRC (e.g., by receiving configuration information), e.g., only in those. For example, the WTRU may perform DC replication when the master node (MN) and the secondary node (SN) are in the same available state (e.g., “on”).

[0221] In some embodiments, for split bearers, the WTRU may transmit data (e.g., to both gNBs) in a subset of available states that can be configured by the RRC (e.g., by receiving configuration information), e.g., only in those. For example, the WTRU may perform normal packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) split bearer operation when the MN and the SN are in the same available state (e.g., “on”), e.g., only in that case.

[0222] Examples of wake-up requests in RRC inactive and idle In some embodiments, the WTRU may be configured to (e.g., autonomously) switch to a state (e.g., an (e.g., RRC) state such as either (e.g., RRC) idle or inactive) when the available state is active or no longer active. For example, the WTRU may switch to either (e.g., RRC) inactive or idle state based on determining that the available state is “off”.

[0223] For example, the WTRU may be configured with (e.g., receive configuration information indicating) a subset of physical random access channels (PRACH) and / or PUCCH resources (e.g., RACH occasions) that can be used while the WTRU may be in an available state (e.g., either off or deep sleep). The WTRU may not use other RACH occasions when the applicable available state is active.

[0224] In some embodiments, the WTRU may (e.g., may consider) receive a preamble transmission as a wake-up request signal when the WTRU is in a state (e.g., any of (e.g., RRC) idle and inactive states, etc.). For example, the WTRU may start a RA procedure based on transmitting (e.g., triggering) a wake-up request (e.g., when conditions for transmitting a wake-up request are met). For example, the WTRU may start a new RA procedure when data arrives while in an applicable available state (e.g., "off" or "deep sleep").

[0225] Figure 3 is a diagram illustrating an example of method 300 for network energy savings. For example, the method may be implemented in a WTRU. In step 310, the WTRU may determine an available state based on any of DCI, MAC CE, and signals. In step 320, the WTRU may determine whether resources may be available based on the available state. In step 330, the WTRU may transmit a wake-up request signal in response to determining that the resources may not be available. In step 340, the WTRU may switch to an available state in which the resources may be available in response to determining that the resources may not be available.

[0226] For example, the WTRU may start a timer when switching to an available state in which the resources may be available.

[0227] For example, in response to the expiration of the timer, the WTRU may return to an available state in which the resources may not be available and may transmit another wake-up request signal at a higher power than another power at which a wake-up request signal may have been previously transmitted.

[0228] For example, the WTRU may determine that it may have transmitted the maximum number of allowed wake-up request signals, and in response to determining that it may have transmitted the maximum number of allowed wake-up request signals, the WTRU may perform the following actions. (i) The WTRU may transition to the default configured available state for the current serving cell, (ii) The WTRU may transmit a wake-up request signal on a different serving cell, (iii) The WTRU may change the radio resource control (RRC) state of the WTRU.

[0229] For example, the WTRU may receive an indication of an available state in which resources may be available, and in response to receiving the indication, the WTRU may stop a timer.

[0230] For example, the WTRU may be configured using an association between a WTRU power saving state and an available state in which resources may be available. The method may further comprise the step of switching, by the WTRU, to a WTRU power saving state associated with an available state in which resources may be available, in response to determining that resources may not be available.

[0231] For example, the WTRU may be configured to use different resources for monitoring each available state. The method may further comprise the step of monitoring, by the WTRU, resources associated with an available state in which resources may be available, in response to determining that resources may not be available.

[0232] Figure 4 is a diagram illustrating another example of method 400 for network energy savings. For example, method 400 may be implemented in a WTRU. At step 410, the WTRU may receive first information indicating (i) one or more SR resources and (ii) a set of wake-up request operations, where each SR resource is associated with one or more availability levels. At step 420, the WTRU may determine that the WTRU may be at a first level of availability. At step 430, the WTRU may transmit a first wake-up request using a first wake-up request operation of the set of wake-up request operations, where the first wake-up request may be transmitted based on a determination that SR may be transmitted using an SR resource associated with a second level of availability of one or more levels of availability. At step 440, the WTRU may transmit an SR on an SR resource associated with the second level of availability. At step 450, under the condition that a time period after transmission of the first wake-up request ends without receiving an availability level indication, the WTRU may transmit a second wake-up request using a second wake-up operation of the set of wake-up request operations, where the first wake-up request may be transmitted at a first transmission power and the second wake-up request may be transmitted at a second transmission power that may be higher than the first transmission power.

[0233] For example, the first wake-up request operation may be selected based on a determination that the first wake-up request operation may be associated with a second level of availability.

[0234] For example, the WTRU may be determined at a first level of availability based on receiving a transmission indicating the first level of availability.

[0235] For example, the transmission may comprise a DCI indicating a first level of availability.

[0236] For example, the transmission may comprise a MAC CE indicating a first level of availability.

[0237] For example, the first level of availability may be applicable after receiving a MAC CE indicating the first level of availability or after positively responding to a transmission carrying the MAC CE.

[0238] For example, the transmission may comprise a signal generated from at least one sequence, and the first level of availability may be determined based on at least one characteristic of at least one sequence.

[0239] For example, the at least one characteristic may comprise any of the parameters, time offset, and frequency offset used to generate the at least one sequence.

[0240] For example, the transmission may comprise an RRC message indicating a first level of availability.

[0241] For example, if the WTRU determines that a certain amount of time has elapsed after determining that it may be at a third level of availability without receiving a transmission indicating any level of availability, it may be determined to be at the first level of availability.

[0242] For example, the SR resource may be associated with periodicity, and the SR resource may be associated with a second level of availability if the periodicity associated with the SR resource meets the conditions associated with the second level of availability.

[0243] For example, the conditions associated with the second level of availability may be met if the periodicity associated with the SR resource is greater than or equal to a threshold associated with the second level of availability.

[0244] For example, the SR resource may be associated with the number of antenna ports, and the SR resource may be associated with a second level of availability if the number of antenna ports meets the conditions associated with the second level of availability.

[0245] For example, the condition associated with the second availability level may be satisfied when the number of antenna ports associated with the SR resource is less than or equal to the threshold associated with the second availability level.

[0246] For example, the first information may further indicate a condition associated with the second level of availability.

[0247] For example, the first level of availability and the second level of availability may be associated with the first power saving state and the second power saving state of the WTRU, respectively.

[0248] For example, the decision that an SR may be transmitted using an SR resource associated with the second level of availability may be based on either a logical channel or the priority of the logical channel on which the SR may be transmitted.

[0249] For example, the method may further comprise determining a sequence for a first wake-up request and a second wake-up request within a set of sequences that may be associated with any of (i) a coverage level, (ii) a geographical location, (iii) a reference signal measurement, (iv) a buffer status, (v) a traffic type, (vi) a logical channel or the priority of a logical channel on which an SR may be transmitted, (vii) a WTRU type, (viii) a required bandwidth, and (ix) beam information.

[0250] For example, the first information may further indicate a parameter for initializing at least one sequence of the set of sequences.

[0251] For example, the method may further comprise initiating cell reselection to an alternative serving cell that may be associated with the second level of availability.

[0252] For example, the first information may indicate an alternative serving cell to be used at the second level of availability.

[0253] Throughout the embodiments described herein, (e.g., configuration) information may be described as being received by a WTRU from a network, e.g., through system information or via any kind of protocol message. Although not explicitly mentioned throughout the embodiments described herein, the same (e.g., configuration) information may be preconfigured in the WTRU (e.g., via factory settings, e.g., via any kind of pre-configuration method) so that this (e.g., configuration) information can be used by the WTRU without being received from the network.

[0254] Any feature, variation, or embodiment described with respect to the method is compatible with an apparatus device comprising means for processing the disclosed method, a device comprising a circuit including any of a transmitter, a receiver, a processor, and a memory configured to process the disclosed method, a computer program product comprising program code instructions, and a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing the program instructions.

[0255] In the foregoing, the features and elements are provided in specific combinations, but it will be understood by those skilled in the art that each feature or each element can be used alone or in any combination with other features and elements. The present disclosure is not limited in terms of the specific embodiments described in this application, and these embodiments are intended as illustrations of various aspects. As will be apparent to those skilled in the art, many modifications and variations may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Any element, operation, or instruction used in the description of this application should not be construed as important or essential to the present invention unless it is explicitly presented as such. In addition to those listed herein, functionally equivalent methods and apparatuses within the scope of the present disclosure will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the foregoing description. Such modifications and variations are intended to fall within the scope of the appended claims. The present disclosure is limited only by the terms of the appended claims, and is limited together with the full scope of equivalents to which such claims are entitled. It should be understood that the present disclosure is not limited to a particular method or system.

[0256] The foregoing embodiments have been considered in relation to the terminology and structure of infrared-compatible devices (i.e., infrared emitting devices and receivers) for the sake of brevity. However, the embodiments considered are not limited to these systems and can also be applied to other systems that use other forms of electromagnetic waves or non-electromagnetic waves such as acoustic waves.

[0257] It should also be understood that the terms used in this specification are for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and are not intended to be limiting. As used herein, the term "video" or the term "image" can mean any of a snapshot, a single image, and / or a plurality of images displayed over time. As another example, when referred to herein, the term "user equipment" and its abbreviation "UE", the term "remote", and / or the term "head-mounted display" or its abbreviation "HMD" can mean (i) a wireless transmit and / or receive unit (WTRU), (ii) any of some embodiments of the WTRU, (iii) a wireless and / or wired (e.g., tetherable) device configured to have some or all of the structure and functionality of the WTRU, (iii) a wireless and / or wired device configured to have less structure and functionality than all of the structure and functionality of the WTRU, or (iv) others. Details of exemplary WTRUs that can represent any of the WTRUs listed herein are provided herein with respect to FIGS. 1A - 1D. As another example, the various embodiments disclosed above and below in this specification are described as utilizing a head-mounted display. One of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that devices other than a head-mounted display can be utilized and that some or all of the present disclosure and the various disclosed embodiments can be modified accordingly without undue experimentation. Examples of such other devices can include drones or other devices configured to stream information for providing an augmented reality experience.

[0258] In addition, the methods provided herein may be implemented in a computer program, software, or firmware incorporated in a computer-readable medium for execution by a computer or processor. Examples of computer-readable media include electronic signals (transmitted via a wired or wireless connection) and computer-readable storage media. Examples of computer-readable storage media include, but are not limited to, magnetic media such as read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), registers, cache memory, semiconductor memory devices, internal hard disks, and removable disks, magneto-optical media, and optical media such as CD-ROM disks and digital versatile disks (DVDs). A processor associated with the software may be used to implement a radio frequency transceiver for use in a WTRU, UE, terminal, base station, RNC, MME, EPC, AMF, or any host computer.

[0259] Variations of the methods, apparatuses, and systems provided above are possible without departing from the scope of the invention. Considering the wide variety of embodiments that may be applied, it should be understood that the illustrated embodiments are merely examples and should not be construed as limiting the following claims. For example, the embodiments provided herein include portable devices, which may include or be utilized with any suitable voltage source, such as a battery that provides any suitable voltage.

[0260] Furthermore, in the above embodiments, attention should be paid to the processing platform, computing system, controller, and other devices including a processor. These devices may include at least one central processing unit (CPU) and memory. According to the convention of those skilled in the art of computer programming, references to operations and symbolic representations of operations or instructions may be implemented by various CPUs and memories. Such operations and operations or instructions may be referred to as "executed", "computer executed", or "CPU executed".

[0261] Those skilled in the art will understand that operations and symbolically represented operations or instructions include the manipulation of electrical signals by a CPU. The electrical system represents data bits that can cause a resulting conversion or reduction of electrical signals, maintains the data bits in memory locations of the memory system, thereby restructuring or otherwise changing the operation of the CPU and the processing of other signals. The memory location where the data bits are maintained is a physical location having specific electrical, magnetic, optical, or organic characteristics corresponding to or representing the data bits. It should be understood that the embodiments are not limited to the platforms or CPUs mentioned above, and other platforms and CPUs may support the provided methods.

[0262] The data bits may also be maintained on a computer-readable medium including a magnetic disk, an optical disk, and any other volatile (e.g., random access memory (RAM)) or non-volatile (e.g., read-only memory (ROM)) mass storage system readable by a CPU. The computer-readable medium may include a plurality of interconnected processing systems that are either exclusively present on the processing system or are distributed, cooperative, or interconnected between the processing system and local or remote to the processing system. Embodiments are not limited to the memories mentioned above, and it should be understood that other platforms and memories may support the provided methods.

[0263] In an exemplary embodiment, any of the operations, processes, etc. described herein may be implemented as computer-readable instructions stored on a computer-readable medium. The computer-readable instructions may be executed by a processor of a mobile body, a network element, and / or any other computing device.

[0264] There is little difference between the hardware implementation and the software implementation of the aspects of the system. Whether to use hardware or software is generally (although in some situations the choice between hardware and software may be crucial) a design choice representing a cost-effective trade-off. There may be various vehicles (e.g., hardware, software, and / or firmware) by which the processes and / or systems and / or other technologies described herein may be effective, and the preferred vehicle may vary depending on the situation in which the processes and / or systems and / or other technologies are deployed. For example, if the implementer determines that speed and accuracy are of the utmost importance, the implementer may primarily select a vehicle of hardware and / or firmware. If flexibility is of the utmost importance, the implementer may primarily select a software implementation. Alternatively, the implementer may select some combination of hardware, software, and / or firmware.

[0265] In the foregoing detailed description, various embodiments of devices and / or processes have been shown through the use of block diagrams, flowcharts, and / or examples. As long as such block diagrams, flowcharts, and / or examples include one or more functions and / or operations, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that each function and / or operation within such block diagrams, flowcharts, or examples can be implemented individually and / or collectively by a wide range of hardware, software, firmware, or substantially any combination thereof. In one embodiment, some portions of the subject matter described herein can be implemented via application specific integrated circuits (ASICs), field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), digital signal processors (DSPs), and / or other integrated formats. However, some aspects of the embodiments disclosed herein can be equivalently implemented in integrated circuits as one or more computer programs operating on one or more computers (e.g., as one or more programs operating on one or more computer systems), as one or more programs operating on one or more processors (e.g., as one or more programs operating on one or more microprocessors), as firmware, or as substantially any combination thereof, and it will be recognized by those skilled in the art that designing the circuits and / or writing the code for the software and / or firmware is within the scope of the skill of those in the art in light of this disclosure. Additionally, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the mechanisms of the subject matter described herein can be distributed as various forms of program products, and that representative embodiments of the subject matter described herein apply regardless of the particular type of signal transmission medium used to actually effect the distribution. Examples of signal transmission media include, but are not limited to, recordable media such as floppy disks, hard disk drives, CDs, DVDs, digital tapes, computer memories, and the like, as well as transmission media such as digital and / or analog communication media (e.g., optical fiber cables, waveguides, wired communication links, wireless communication links, etc.).

[0266] Those skilled in the art will recognize that it is common in the art to describe a device and / or process in the manner described herein and then, using engineering techniques, integrate such described device and / or process into a data processing system. That is, at least a portion of the devices and / or processes described herein can be integrated into a data processing system through a reasonable amount of experimentation. Those skilled in the art will recognize that a typical data processing system generally includes one or more of a system unit housing, a video display device, memory such as volatile and non-volatile memory, processors such as microprocessors and digital signal processors, an operating system, drivers, a graphical user interface, and computing entities such as application programs, one or more interactive devices such as a touchpad or screen, and / or a control system including a feedback loop and a control motor (e.g., a feedback for detecting position and / or speed, a control motor for moving and / or adjusting components and / or quantities). A typical data processing system can be implemented using any suitable commercially available components, as typically found in a data computing / communication system and / or a network computing / communication system.

[0267] The subject matter described in this specification may illustrate different components that are included within or connected to different other components. It should be understood that such illustrated architectures are merely examples, and in practice, many other architectures that achieve the same functionality may be implemented. Conceptually, any arrangement of components for achieving the same functionality is effectively "associated" so that the desired functionality can be achieved. Thus, any two components in this specification that are combined to achieve a particular function can be considered "associated" with each other regardless of the architecture or intervening components, so that the desired functionality is achieved. Similarly, any two components so associated can be considered "operably connected" or "operably coupled" to each other for achieving the desired function, and any two components that can be so associated may be considered "operably couplable" to each other for achieving the desired function. Specific examples of operably couplable include, but are not limited to, components that are physically mating and / or physically interacting, and / or wirelessly interacting and / or wirelessly interacting, and / or logically interacting and / or logically interactable components.

[0268] Regarding the use of substantially any plural and / or singular terms in this specification, one of ordinary skill in the art can convert from plural to singular and / or from singular to plural as appropriate for the context and / or application. In this specification, various singular / plural permutations may be explicitly described for clarity purposes.

[0269] Generally, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the terms used in this specification, particularly in the appended claims (e.g., the body of the appended claims), are generally intended to be open terms (e.g., the term "including" should be interpreted as "including but not limited to", the term "having" should be interpreted as "having at least", and the term "includes" should be interpreted as "includes but is not limited to"). Further, if a specific number of recitations of a claim is intended, such intention will be expressly recited in the claim, and it will be understood by those skilled in the art that if there is no such recitation, such intention does not exist. For example, if only one item is intended, the term "single" or similar words may be used. To assist understanding, the following appended claims and / or the description in this specification may include the use of introductory phrases such as "at least one" and "one or more" to introduce claim recitations. However, the use of such phrases should not be construed to limit any particular claim that introduces a claim recitation by an indefinite article such as "a" or "an" to an embodiment that includes only such one recitation, even if the same claim includes an introductory phrase such as "one or more" or "at least one" and an indefinite article such as "a" or "an" (e.g., "a" and / or "an" should be interpreted as meaning "at least one" or "one or more"). The same is true for the use of definite articles used to introduce claim recitations. In addition, even if a specific number of recitations of an introduced claim is expressly recited, it will be recognized by those skilled in the art that such recitation should be interpreted to mean at least the recited number (e.g., a simple recitation of "two recitations" without other modifiers means at least two recitations, or two or more recitations).Furthermore, when notations similar to "at least one of A, B, and C, etc." are used, generally, such a structure is intended in the sense that those skilled in the art would understand the notation (e.g., "a system having at least one of A, B, and C" includes, but is not limited to, a system having only A, only B, only C, A and B together, A and C together, B and C together, and / or A, B, and C together). When notations similar to "at least one of A, B, or C, etc." are used, generally, such a structure is intended in the sense that those skilled in the art would understand the notation (e.g., "a system having at least one of A, B, or C" includes, but is not limited to, a system having only A, only B, only C, A and B together, A and C together, B and C together, and / or A, B, and C together). It should be further understood by those skilled in the art that in any of the specification, claims, or drawings, substantially any disjunctive word and / or phrase presenting two or more alternative terms is intended to contemplate the possibility of including one of the terms, any of the terms, or both terms. For example, the phrase "A or B" should be understood to include the possibility of "A" or "B" or "A and B". Additionally, as used herein, the term "any of" following a list of multiple items and / or a list of multiple categories of items is intended to include "any of", "any combination of", "any plurality of", and / or "any plurality of combinations of" the items and / or categories of items, either individually or in combination with other items and / or other categories of items. Further, as used herein, the term "set" is intended to include any number of items including zero. Additionally, as used herein, the term "number" is intended to include any number including zero. Also, as used herein, the term "multiple" is intended to be synonymous with "a plurality".

[0270] In addition, when features or aspects of the present disclosure are described from the perspective of a Markush group, those skilled in the art will recognize that the present disclosure is thereby also described from the perspective of any individual component or subgroup of components of the Markush group.

[0271] As will be understood by those skilled in the art, for all purposes, such as for the purpose of providing a written description, all ranges disclosed herein also include any possible sub-ranges and combinations of sub-ranges thereof. Any recited range can be readily recognized as enabling, with sufficient description, that the same range can be decomposed into at least equal halves, thirds, fourths, fifths, tenths, etc. By way of non-limiting example, each range discussed herein may be readily decomposed into lower thirds, middle thirds, and upper thirds, etc. Also, as will be understood by those skilled in the art, all words such as "up to", "at least", "greater than", "less than", etc. include the recited number and, as discussed above, further mean ranges that can be decomposed into sub-ranges. Finally, as will be understood by those skilled in the art, ranges include each individual element. Thus, for example, a group having 1 to 3 cells refers to a group having 1, 2, or 3 cells. Similarly, a group having 1 to 5 cells refers to a group having 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 cells, and so on.

[0272] Furthermore, the claims should not be read as being limited to the order or elements provided, unless specifically so recited. In addition, in any claim, the use of the term "means for" is intended to invoke 35 U.S.C. § 112, paragraph 6, or the means-plus-function claim format, and no claim having the term "means for" is so intended if it does not have the term.

[0273] Suitable processors include, by way of example, general-purpose processors, dedicated processors, legacy processors, digital signal processors (DSPs), multiple microprocessors, one or more microprocessors associated with a DSP core, controllers, microcontrollers, application specific integrated circuits (ASICs), application specific standard products (ASSPs), field programmable gate array (FPGA) circuits, any other type of integrated circuit (IC), and / or state machines.

[0274] The WTRU can be used in conjunction with modules implemented in hardware and / or software such as, for example, Software Defined Radio (SDR), and can also be implemented in other components such as cameras, video camera modules, videophones, speakerphones, vibrating devices, speakers, microphones, television transceivers, hands-free headsets, keyboards, Bluetooth® modules, frequency modulation (FM) radio units, Near Field Communication (NFC) modules, LCD display units, organic light emitting diode (OLED) display units, digital music players, media players, video game player modules, Internet browsers, and / or wireless local area network (WLAN) or Ultra Wide Band (UWB) modules.

[0275] Although various embodiments have been described with respect to a communication system, it is contemplated that the system can be implemented in software on a microprocessor / general purpose computer (not shown). In certain embodiments, one or more of the functions of the various components can be implemented in software that controls a general purpose computer.

[0276] In addition, although the present invention has been illustrated and described herein with reference to particular embodiments, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the details shown. Rather, various modifications may be made in the details within the scope of the claims and their equivalents and without departing from the present invention.

[0277] The following references may be referred to above. RP-212422”Motivation for Network Energy Saving in Rel-18”, Ericsson.

Claims

1. 1. A method implemented in a wireless transmitter / receiver unit (WTRU), the method comprising: receiving first information indicating a set of (i) one or more scheduling request (SR) resources and (ii) wake-up request occasions, each SR resource being associated with one or more levels of availability; determining that the WTRU is at a first level of availability; transmitting a first wake-up request using a first wake-up request occasion of the set of wake-up request occasions, the first wake-up request being transmitted based on a determination that an SR should be transmitted using an SR resource associated with a second level of availability of the one or more levels of availability; transmitting the SR in the SR resource associated with the second level of availability; transmitting a second wake-up request using a second wake-up request occasion of the set of wake-up request occasions under a condition that a time period after transmission of the first wake-up request expires without receiving an availability level indication, the first wake-up request being transmitted at a first transmit power and the second wake-up request being transmitted at a second transmit power higher than the first transmit power; A method implemented in a wireless transmitter / receiver unit (WTRU), comprising:

2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first wake-up request occasion is selected based on a determination that the first wake-up request occasion is associated with the second level of availability.

3. The method of claim 1 or 2, wherein the WTRU determines at the first level of availability based on receiving a transmission indicating the first level of availability.

4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the transmission comprises downlink control information indicating the first level of availability.

5. The method of claim 3 , wherein the transmission comprises a Medium Access Control (MAC) Control Element (CE) indicating the first level of availability.

6. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein the first level of availability is applicable after receiving the MAC CE indicating the first level of availability or after acknowledging the transmission carrying the MAC CE.

7. The method of claim 3 , wherein the transmission comprises a signal generated from at least one sequence, and the first availability level is determined based on at least one characteristic of the at least one sequence.

8. The method of claim 7 , wherein the at least one characteristic comprises any of a parameter, a time offset, and a frequency offset used to generate the at least one sequence.

9. The method of claim 3 , wherein the transmission comprises a radio resource control (RRC) message indicating the first level of availability.

10. 3. The method of claim 1 or 2, wherein the WTRU is determined to be at the first level of availability when it is determined that a certain amount of time has elapsed after the WTRU has determined that it is at a third level of availability without receiving a transmission indicating any level of availability.

11. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the SR resource is associated with a periodicity, and if the periodicity satisfies a condition associated with the second level of availability, the SR resource is associated with the second level of availability.

12. The method of claim 11 , wherein the condition associated with the second level of availability is met if the periodicity associated with the SR resource is greater than or equal to a threshold associated with the second level of availability.

13. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the SR resource is associated with a number of antenna ports, and the SR resource is associated with the second level of availability if the number of antenna ports satisfies a condition associated with the second level of availability.

14. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the condition associated with the second level of availability is met if the number of the antenna ports associated with the SR resource is less than or equal to a threshold associated with the second level of availability.

15. The method of claim 11 , wherein the first information further indicates the condition associated with the second level of availability.

16. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first level of availability and the second level of availability are associated with a first power saving state and a second power saving state of the WTRU, respectively.

17. 17. The method of claim 1, wherein the determination that an SR should be transmitted using the SR resource associated with the second level of availability is based on either a logical channel or a priority of the logical channel on which the SR should be transmitted.

18. determining a sequence for the first wake-up request and the second wake-up request within the set of sequences, the sequence being associated with any of a coverage level, a geographical location, a reference signal measurement, a buffer status, a traffic type, a logical channel on which the SR should be transmitted or a priority of the logical channel, a WTRU type, a requested bandwidth, and beam information; The method of any one of claims 1 to 17, further comprising:

19. The method of claim 18 , wherein the first information further indicates parameters for initializing at least one sequence of the set of sequences.

20. initiating a cell reselection with an alternative serving cell associated with the second level of availability. The method of any one of claims 1 to 19, further comprising:

21. 21. The method of claim 20, wherein the first information indicates the alternative serving cell to be used at the second level of availability.

22. 22. An apparatus comprising a circuit, including any of a transmitter, a receiver, a processor and a memory, configured to perform the method of any one of claims 1 to 21.

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