Cultivation method for rice

Abstract

SOLUTION: The invention relates to a cultivation method for rice, the method including: a land leveling step S1 of conducting rotary tillage after harvesting previous crops and before sowing rice, and leveling the soil with a harrow to flatten the ground; a base fertilizer application step S2 of using a special rice fertilizer as a base fertilizer or using a nitrogen fertilizer, a phosphate fertilizer and a potash fertilizer as a base fertilizer; a seed treatment step S3; a film-mulching dry sowing step S4 of performing dry sowing using a dry direct sowing machine so as to sequentially perform ditching and ridging→concentrated positioning and lateral strip fertilization→drip irrigation tape laying→film mulching→precise sowing→quantitative hole watering→soil pressing on a film; a topdressing step S5; a weeding step in the seedling stage S6; and a disease control step S7.EFFECT: In a water-deficient region and a dry region, dry direct sowing can be performed using a minimum watering amount, necessary water and nutrients can be rapidly secured even with a small irrigation amount, water is saved, fertilizer efficiency is improved, and favorable conditions are created for early growth and stable high yield of rice.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of rice cultivation, and specifically to a method for cultivating rice.

Background Art

[0002] Rice is one of the main food crops in China. Since the 21st century, due to climate change and the continuous increase in the consumption of industrial and urban water, the contradiction between the originally limited water resources and the use of agricultural water has become increasingly serious. Drought tolerance, water conservation, fertilizer reduction, high yield, and efficient cultivation have become the trends of modern agricultural development. Dry direct seeding of rice is a water-saving rice cultivation method in which rice seeds are directly sown into field-like fields, and when there is sufficient soil moisture, seedlings emerge, and they often do not enter the water during the seedling stage. From the middle to the late growth stage, rainfall during the rainy season is utilized, and water is supplemented to meet the basic water requirements at various growth stages.

[0003] Currently, dry direct seeding of rice mainly has cultivation modes such as bare land direct seeding, film-covered direct seeding, and film-covered micro-irrigation direct seeding. Film-covered micro-irrigation dry direct seeding cultivation of rice is a cultivation mode of water conservation, fertilizer reduction, yield increase, and efficiency improvement. However, currently, there are many drawbacks and deficiencies in film-covered micro-irrigation dry direct seeding of rice, and it is difficult to fully exert the advantages of efficient water conservation, fertilizer reduction, and drought tolerance.

[0004] The patent with the registration number CN202310873760.2 in the existing literature discloses a dry direct seeding cultivation method for rice based on the standard mu type. As its technical means, in the fertilization land leveling step (1), a base fertilizer and a silicon regulator are applied to the field and plowed into the soil by rotary tillage. In the seed treatment step (2), the air-dried rice seeds are washed, soaked in warm water, then soaked in a disinfectant solution for sterilization, taken out and air-dried, and film coating treatment is carried out to obtain film-coated seeds. In the film-covered seeding step (3), film-covered seeding is carried out using a dry direct seeding machine, and a cultivation method of 1 film, 2 tubes, and 12 rows is used. In the topdressing step (4), tillering fertilizer is additionally applied in two separate times at the 3-leaf stage and 5-leaf stage of the rice, and ear fertilizer is additionally applied during the internode elongation period of the rice. In the seedling stage weeding step (5), herbicides are used to remove weeds at the 2.5-leaf stage and the late tillering stage of the rice respectively. In the disease control step (6), during the rice cultivation, the diseases and insect pests of the rice are controlled. By using the cultivation method of 1 film, 2 tubes, and 12 rows, the invention improves the row spacing, hole spacing, seeding depth, and covering soil thickness, and lays a drip irrigation belt to form a rainwater collection area, providing favorable conditions for seed germination and effectively guaranteeing the stable high yield of rice.

[0005] However, this technical means is not suitable for dry land. The order and quantification of the steps such as seeding, film covering, water injection, and soil pressing are not reasonable, and the structure and layout of the plant spacing, mu groove shape, fertilization position, micro-irrigation belt laying position, etc. are not scientific. Therefore, the water-saving effect is poor, the fertilizer utilization rate is low, the amount of water used during cultivation is large, the water collection ability is poor, the yield is low, and it is difficult to carry out dry field cultivation of rice under dry and drought conditions, which hinders the large-scale promotion and application in mountainous areas, hilly areas, drought areas in the Yellow River and Huaihe River basins, and dry areas in the west for dry direct seeding of rice. Also, since this method takes soil from both sides of the film to press the film, a surface belt (soil-taking groove) exposed between the edges of adjacent films appears, and a large amount of weeds grow.

Summary of the Invention

Problems to be Solved by the Invention

[0006] The object of the present invention is to overcome the drawbacks existing in the conventional dry direct seeding cultivation method of paddy rice. In particular, the amount of water used in the film-covered dry direct seeding cultivation of paddy rice is large, the fertilizer utilization rate is low, the seedling establishment situation and growth situation are poor, and the yield is low. The present invention aims to provide a cultivation method of paddy rice that overcomes these drawbacks and ensures dry direct seeding and high-yield cultivation in arid regions and water-scarce regions.

Means for Solving the Problems

[0007] To achieve the above object, the present invention is realized by the following technical means. The cultivation method of paddy rice comprises After harvesting the previous crop, before sowing paddy rice, a rotary tillage with a depth of 15 cm to 25 cm is carried out, and the soil is leveled with a rake to make the ground flat, which is the land leveling step S1; Using a special fertilizer for paddy rice as the base fertilizer, or using nitrogen fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer and potassium fertilizer as the base fertilizer, which is the base fertilizer application step S2; The air-dried rice seeds are washed, soaked in warm water, then soaked in a disinfectant solution for sterilization, taken out and air-dried, and a film coating treatment is carried out to obtain film-coated seeds, which is the seed treatment step S3; The dry direct seeding of paddy rice is carried out using a dry direct seeding machine by performing in sequence: ditch digging and ridging → centralized fixed side strip fertilization → drip irrigation belt laying → film covering → precision seeding → quantitative hole water injection → film topsoil pressing. A narrow ditch as a water-fertilizer ditch is formed in the middle of the ditch. In the centralized fixed side strip fertilization, 30% to 50% of the total fertilization amount or 60% of the total fertilization amount of the special fertilizer for paddy rice is uniformly applied to the water-fertilizer ditch by a mechanical fertilization device. In the drip irrigation belt laying, the drip irrigation belt is smoothly laid in the water-fertilizer ditch by a mechanical device and placed on top of the fertilizer, which is the film-covered dry direct seeding step S4; During the tillering stage of paddy rice, 18% to 22% of the total amount of nitrogen fertilizer and 18% to 22% of the total amount of potassium fertilizer are additionally applied. During the internode elongation stage, 18% to 22% of the total amount of nitrogen fertilizer and 18% to 22% of the total amount of potassium fertilizer are additionally applied. During the heading stage, an appropriate amount of fertilizer is applied according to the growth situation or foliar topdressing is carried out, which is the topdressing step S5; According to the growth situation of weeds, herbicides are used to remove weeds at the 2.5-leaf stage and the late tillering stage of paddy rice respectively, which is the seedling stage weeding step S6; During the growth period of rice, it includes a disease control step S7 of controlling one or more of sheath blight, rice blast, bacterial blight, rice leafhoppers, rice stem borers and rice leaf rollers.

[0008] Preferably, in step S2, the mass ratio of nitrogen fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer and potassium fertilizer in the total fertilization amount is 2.3 - 2.7:0.9 - 1.1:1.2 - 1.7, and the nitrogen fertilizer application amount is 188 - 225 kg / hm in terms of nitrogen 2 wherein the phosphorus fertilizer application amount is 75 - 90 kg / hm in terms of phosphorus pentoxide 2 and the potassium fertilizer application amount is 113 - 135 kg / hm in terms of potassium oxide 2 is.

[0009] Preferably, in step S3, soaking the rice seeds in warm water means soaking the rice seeds in a 2000-fold prochloraz solution at a solution temperature of 20 - 25 °C for 3 - 4 d, taking them out to drain the water, performing a film coating treatment, and air-drying.

[0010] Preferably, the furrow digging and ridge forming is to make the soil in the sowing zone into a ridge and furrow shape where the ridge and furrow are in an inverted trapezoid by the furrow digging and ridge forming device of a dry direct seeding machine for rice, and use the cultivation methods of wide and narrow row spacing large ridge furrow bottom hole sowing and one film, two tubes and four rows.

[0011] Preferably, the furrow has a bottom width of 28 cm, an upper opening width of 38 cm, and a depth of 3 cm, the water and fertilizer furrow has a depth of 3 cm and a width of 3 cm, the ridge has a bottom width of 24 cm, a top width of 14 cm, and an overall height of 3 cm.

[0012] Preferably, the soil pressing is to evenly cover the soil on the seed hole zone, the upper surfaces of the films on both sides and the seed hole openings by a soil covering device to form a soil zone with a thickness of 0.5 - 1 cm. In the present invention, by taking soil from the front of the film and pressing the film, no soil taking furrow appears, the edges of adjacent films can be closely adhered and overlapped, and the growth of weeds between the films can be effectively prevented.

[0013] Use wide and narrow row spacing and large furrow bottom hole sowing, lay the drip irrigation belt on top of the fertilizer in the water and fertilizer furrow, and position the drip irrigation belt and fertilizer at an appropriate position near the roots of the rice plants, so as to achieve efficient micro-irrigation and centralized fixed-site fertilization. In this way, in arid regions, even with a small water injection volume, the water and fertilizer requirements for the growth and development of rice can be quickly met, achieving the goals of water conservation and fertilizer reduction, and realizing high yields of rice in water-scarce and arid regions.

[0014] Preferably, the precision seeding is to open holes on the surface after film covering and sow seeds by the seeding device of a dry paddy direct seeder. The quantitative hole water injection is to inject water into the seed holes by a perforated synchronous waterwheel, and the water injection volume for each hole is 15 - 20 g. The hole diameter of the film is 1.5 - 2 cm, the seeding depth is 2 - 3 cm, an average of 4 seeds are sown per hole, wide and narrow row spacing is used, the wider row is in the mu, with a row spacing of 30 cm, the narrower row is in the furrow, with a row spacing of 22 cm, 2 rows of seeds are sown per mu, the hole spacing is 15.6 cm, and 16,400 holes are opened per mu.

[0015] Use unique synchronous hole water injection, and by the synchronous water injection mechanism, only quantitatively inject water into each seeding hole. Even with the minimum water injection volume, it can meet the requirements for the germination and emergence of rice seeds, obtain complete and robust seedlings, realize water-saving dry paddy seeding in arid and water-scarce regions, and effectively solve the problem of misalignment between the seed holes and film holes of the conventional method.

[0016] Preferably, using the cultivation method of one film, two tubes, and four rows means using one film for one seeding belt, laying two drip irrigation belts, laying the drip irrigation belts in the middle of the narrow row water and fertilizer furrows in the furrow, and sowing 4 rows of seeds in one seeding belt.

[0017] Preferably, in step S2, when using a special fertilizer for rice as the base fertilizer, all of the base fertilizer application amount is applied into the ditch under the drip irrigation belt, or a part of the base fertilizer application amount is applied to the whole layer during tillage, and a part of the base fertilizer application amount is concentrated and fixedly applied to the side strip in the ditch under the drip irrigation belt. The special fertilizer for rice has N-P2O5-K2O = 20-8-12, and the base fertilizer is 600-675 kg / hm 2 is.

[0018] Preferably, in step S5, 80-100 kg / hm 2 of nitrogen fertilizer and 80-100 kg / hm 2 of potassium fertilizer are additionally applied at the 4-5 leaf stage of rice, and 80-100 kg / hm 2 of nitrogen fertilizer and 75-90 kg / hm 2 of potassium fertilizer are additionally applied during the internode elongation stage of rice.

Advantages of the Invention

[0019] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects.

[0020] 1. The present invention improves ditch digging and ridging, seeding, fertilization, water injection, drip irrigation belt laying, soil pressing, etc., and realizes high-efficiency water saving, fertilizer reduction and dry paddy field cultivation of rice.

[0021] 2. By means of measures such as standard mu ditches, precise seeding, synchronous quantitative hole water injection, and pressing the soil after watering, even in water-deficient areas and dry areas, even if dry paddy field seeding is carried out with a minimum amount of water injection, uniform, complete and strong seedlings can be obtained.

[0022] 3. During the process of ditch digging and ridging, one water and fertilizer ditch is dug between the two seed hole rows at the bottom of the ditch, the fertilizer is applied to the bottom of the ditch, and the drip irrigation belt is laid on the fertilizer in the water and fertilizer ditch, so as to realize concentrated and fixed side strip fertilization. During the growth process of rice, even with a small amount of irrigation water, rice can quickly obtain the water and nutrients necessary to meet the needs of growth and development, save water, improve fertilizer efficiency, and create favorable conditions for the early growth and stable high yield of rice.

[0023] 4. By taking appropriate measures such as film covering, furrow small hole sowing, and pressing the soil after watering the holes, good water retention, rainwater collection and drought tolerance effects can be achieved, protecting the germination, emergence and growth of seeds, and effectively guaranteeing the stable high yield of rice.

Brief Description of the Drawings

[0024] To more clearly explain the technical means in the embodiments of the present application, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly described below.

[0025]

Figure 1

Modes for Carrying Out the Invention

[0026] Hereinafter, while referring to FIG. 1 of the present invention, the technical means in multiple embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described.

[0027] (Example 1) It is based on a rice cultivation method including the following steps S1 to S7.

[0028] In the land leveling step S1, 20 cm deep plowing is carried out 9 days before rice sowing, and then shallow plowing is carried out once to level the ground.

[0029] In the base fertilizer application step S2, before rotary tillage, the special rice fertilizer N-P2O5-K2O = 20-8-12 is used as the base fertilizer. Half of the base fertilizer is evenly spread on the ground surface at 300 kg / hm 2 (kilogram / hectare), and then applied to the whole tillage layer by rotary tillage. The other half of the base fertilizer is applied into the water-fertilizer ditch at sowing time at 300 kg / hm 2

[0030] ​In the seed treatment step S3, the seeds of hybrid rice are used as seeds. Three days before sowing, the rice seeds are immersed in a 2000-fold solution of prochloraz at 23°C for 3 days, taken out and air-dried after 3 days of immersion, and then dressed to obtain dressed seeds, and the dressed seeds are air-dried.

[0031] In the film-covered dry paddy direct seeding step S4, seeding is carried out using a dry paddy direct seeder so that operations such as ditch digging and ridging, centralized fixed-side strip fertilization, drip irrigation belt laying, film covering, precision seeding, quantitative hole water injection, and soil pressing are performed once. Wide and narrow row large ridge bottom hole seeding is used, and a cultivation method of 2 tubes and 4 rows per film is used. The large row spacing is 30 cm, the small row spacing is 22 cm, and the average row spacing of the large and small row spacings is controlled to be 26 cm. Two rows of seeds are sown per ditch, the hole spacing is 15.6 cm, 3 to 5 seeds are sown per hole, the seeding depth is 2 to 3 cm, 20 g of water is poured per hole, and 0.5 to 1 cm of soil is pressed on the belt on the film.

[0032] In the topdressing step S5, 100 kg / hm 2 of nitrogen fertilizer and 100 kg / hm 2 of potassium fertilizer are additionally applied as split fertilizers at the 4.5-leaf stage of rice. 100 kg / hm 2 of nitrogen fertilizer and 90 kg / hm 2 of potassium chloride are additionally applied at the internode elongation stage of rice, and foliar fertilizer is sprayed twice at the heading stage.

[0033] In the seedling stage weeding step S6, weeding is carried out using 1500 ml / hm 2 of butachlor at the 2.5-leaf stage of rice, and weeding is carried out using 3.5 kg / hm 2 of 2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid in the late tillering stage of rice.

[0034] In the disease control step S7, during the growth of rice, tricyclazole releasing powder is used twice, each time at a dosage of 1.1 kg / hm 2 to control rice blast, and buprofezin is used twice, each time at a dosage of 1.2 kg / hm 2 to control pests and rice leafhoppers.

[0035] The overall effects of the present invention are as follows.

[0036] 1. The present invention improves ditch digging and ridge forming, seeding, fertilizing, watering, drip irrigation belt laying, soil pressing, etc., and realizes high-efficiency water saving, fertilizer reduction, and dry paddy cultivation of rice.

[0037] 2. By means of measures such as standard ridge ditches, precision seeding, synchronous quantitative hole watering, and covering the soil after watering, even in water-scarce and arid regions, even when dry paddy seeding is carried out with a minimum amount of water injection, uniform, complete, and robust seedlings can be obtained.

[0038] 3. In the process of ditch digging and ridge forming, one water-fertilizer ditch is dug between two rows of seed holes at the bottom of the ditch, fertilizer is applied to the bottom of the ditch, and the drip irrigation belt is laid on top of the fertilizer in the water-fertilizer ditch, so as to realize centralized fixed side-strip fertilization. In the growth process of rice, even with a small amount of irrigation water, rice can quickly obtain the moisture and nutrients necessary to meet the needs of growth and development, save water, improve fertilizer efficiency, and create favorable conditions for the early growth and stable high yield of rice.

[0039] 4. By means of appropriate measures such as film covering, small hole sowing in ridge ditches, and covering the soil after watering the holes, good effects of water retention, rainwater collection, and drought resistance can be achieved, protecting the germination, seedling emergence, and growth of seeds, and effectively guaranteeing the stable high yield of rice.

[0040] (Example 2) It is based on a rice cultivation method including the following steps S1 to S7.

[0041] In the land leveling step S1, 22 cm deep plowing is carried out 9 days before rice seeding, and then shallow plowing is carried out once to level the ground.

[0042] In the base fertilizer application step S2, nitrogen fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer, and potassium fertilizer are used as base fertilizers. The mass ratio of nitrogen fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer, and potassium fertilizer is 2.5:1:1.5. Taking 1000 kg / hectare of base fertilizer as an example, the nitrogen fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer, and potassium fertilizer are 500 kg / hectare, 200 kg / hectare, and 300 kg / hectare respectively. First, 60% of the total application amount of nitrogen fertilizer is applied as base fertilizer. Among them, 30% of the fertilizer is applied to the whole layer during ploughing, and 30% of the fertilizer is centrally and fixedly applied in the side trenches under the drip irrigation belt. Next, 100% of the total application amount of phosphorus fertilizer is applied as base fertilizer. Among them, 70% of the fertilizer is applied to the whole layer during ploughing, and 30% of the fertilizer is centrally and fixedly applied in the side trenches under the drip irrigation belt. Then, 60% of the total application amount of potassium fertilizer is applied as base fertilizer. Among them, 30% of the fertilizer is applied to the whole layer during ploughing, and 30% of the fertilizer is centrally and fixedly applied in the side trenches under the drip irrigation belt. The nitrogen fertilizer application amount is 200 kg / hm in terms of nitrogen 2 The phosphorus fertilizer application amount is 90 kg / hm in terms of phosphorus pentoxide 2 The potassium fertilizer application amount is 130 kg / hm in terms of potassium oxide 2 That is.

[0043] Finally, 100% of the total application amount of zinc fertilizer can be applied to the whole layer during ploughing as base fertilizer. Zinc fertilizer is a trace element, and several kilograms of zinc fertilizer are additionally applied to one hectare of land according to actual needs.

[0044] In the seed treatment step S3, hybrid rice seeds are used as seeds. 3 days before sowing, the rice seeds are soaked in a 2000-fold prochloraz solution at 23 °C for 3 days, taken out and air-dried after 3 days of soaking, and then dressed to obtain dressed seeds, and the dressed seeds are air-dried.

[0045] In the film-laying dry paddy direct seeding step S4, seeding is carried out using a dry paddy direct seeder so as to perform operations such as ditch digging and ridging, centralized fixed side-dressing, drip irrigation belt laying, film laying, precision seeding, quantitative hole water injection, and soil pressing once. Wide and narrow row spacing large furrow bottom hole sowing is used, and a cultivation method of 2 tubes and 4 rows per film is used. The large row spacing is 30 cm, the small row spacing is 22 cm, and the average row spacing of the large and small row spacings is controlled to be 26 cm. Two rows of seeds are sown in each ditch, the hole spacing is 15.6 cm, 3 to 5 seeds are sown in each hole, the seeding depth is 2 to 3 cm, 20 g of water is poured into each hole, and 0.5 to 1 cm of soil is pressed on the belt on the film.

[0046] In the topdressing step S5, 80 kg / hm 2 of nitrogen fertilizer and 80 kg / hm 2 of potassium fertilizer are additionally applied as split fertilizers at the 4.5-leaf stage of rice, and 80 kg / hm 2 of nitrogen fertilizer and 80 kg / hm 2 of potassium chloride are additionally applied at the internode elongation stage of rice, and foliar fertilizer is sprayed twice at the heading stage.

[0047] In the seedling stage weeding step S6, weeding is carried out using 1500 ml / hm 2 of butachlor at the 2.5-leaf stage of rice, and weeding is carried out using 3.5 kg / hm 2 of 2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid in the late tillering stage of rice.

[0048] In the disease control step S7, during the growth of rice, tricyclazole releasing powder is used twice at a dosage of 1.1 kg / hm 2 each time to control rice blast, and buprofezin is used twice at a dosage of 1.2 kg / hm 2 each time to control pests and rice leafhoppers.

[0049] (Comparative Example 1) It is based on a conventional dry paddy direct seeding cultivation method of rice based on the following steps S1 to S7 and a conventional standard mu type.

[0050] In the land leveling step S1, deep plowing is performed 20 cm 9 days before sowing rice, and then shallow plowing is performed once to level the ground.

[0051] In the basal fertilizer application step S2, before rotary tilling, a fertilizer for rice cultivation, N-P2O5-K2O=20-8-12, was used as a basal fertilizer, and the entire basal fertilizer was applied at 600 kg / hm 2 After spreading it evenly on the soil surface, apply it to the entire cultivated layer using rotary tillage.

[0052] In the seed treatment step S3, hybrid rice seeds are used as seeds, and 3 d before sowing, the rice seeds are soaked in a 2000-fold dilution of Prochromira solution at 23°C, and after soaking for 3 d, they are taken out and air-dried, and then coated to obtain coated seeds, which are then air-dried.

[0053] In the film-tight dry field sowing step S4, film-tight sowing is performed on the soil leveled using a dry field direct seeder, and a cultivation method of 1 film, 2 tubes, 12 rows is used, and the specifications of film-tight sowing are as follows: the long row spacing is 250 mm, the short row spacing is 120 mm, the seed hole spacing is 120 mm, the sowing depth is 20 mm, the covering soil thickness is 25 mm, and 3 to 5 seeds are sown per hole, of which 1 film, 2 tubes, 12 rows means digging 4 seed furrows, sowing 3 rows of seeds in each seed furrow, sharing 1 drip irrigation belt every 6 rows, and laying 1 film.

[0054] In the top dressing step S5, 100 kg / hm 2 of nitrogen fertilizer and 100 kg / hm 2 Potassium fertilizer was applied as tiller fertilizer at 100kg / hm during the internode elongation period of rice. 2 of nitrogen fertilizer and 90 kg / hm 2 An additional application of potassium chloride is made and foliar fertilizer is sprayed twice at the heading stage.

[0055] In the seedling weeding step S6, 1500ml / hm at the 2.5 leaf stage of rice 2 Weeding was performed using butachlor at 3.5 kg / hm at the late tillering stage of rice. 2The herbicide is 2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid.

[0056] In the disease control step S7, tricyclazole-releasing powder was administered twice, at 1.1 kg / hm each time, to control rice blast during the growth of rice. 2 and buprofezin was used twice, 1.2 kg / hm each time, to control pests and rice planthoppers. 2 Use at a dose of.

[0057] Comparative Example 2 This method is based on a conventional flat-planting, film-covered seeding cultivation method including the following steps S1 to S7.

[0058] In the land leveling step S1, deep plowing is performed 20 cm 9 days before sowing rice, and then shallow plowing is performed once to level the ground.

[0059] In the basal fertilizer application step S2, before rotary tilling, a fertilizer for rice cultivation, N-P2O5-K2O=20-8-12, was used, and the entire basal fertilizer was applied at 600 kg / hm 2 After spreading it evenly on the soil surface, apply it to the entire cultivated layer using rotary tillage.

[0060] In the seed treatment step S3, hybrid rice seeds are used as seeds, and 3 d before sowing, the rice seeds are soaked in a 2000-fold dilution of Prochromira solution at 23°C, and after soaking for 3 d, they are taken out and air-dried, and then coated to obtain coated seeds, which are then air-dried.

[0061] In film-tensioned dry field sowing step S4, film-tensioned seeds are sown on soil leveled using a dry field direct seeder, planted flat without ridges, and a cultivation method of 12 rows with 2 tubes per film is used, with the specifications for film-tensioned seeding being as follows: the main row spacing is 250 mm, the small row spacing is 120 mm, the seed hole spacing is 120 mm, the sowing depth is 20 mm, the thickness of the covering soil is 25 mm, and 3 to 5 seeds are sown per hole.

[0062] In the topdressing step S5, 100 kg / hm of urea is additionally applied as tillering fertilizer at the 4.5-leaf stage of rice, and 100 kg / hm of urea and 90 kg / hm of potassium chloride are additionally applied at the internode elongation stage of rice. Foliar fertilizer is sprayed twice at the heading stage. 2 In the seedling stage weeding step S6, at the 2.5-leaf stage of rice, 1500 ml / hm of butachlor is used for weeding, and at the late tillering stage of rice, 3.5 kg / hm of 2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid is used for weeding. 2 In the disease control step S7, during the growth of rice, tricyclazole releasing powder is used twice at a dosage of 1.1 kg / hm each time to control rice blast, and buprofezin is used twice at a dosage of 1.2 kg / hm each time to control pests and rice leafhoppers. 2

[0063] 2 2

[0064] 2 2

[0065] (Comparative Example 3) Comparative Example 3 is basically the same as Comparative Example 1, but differs in that the one-film two-tube four-row method is used, water is poured into the seed holes during sowing, and soil is pressed onto the film after pouring water.

[0066] (Comparative Example 4) Comparative Example 4 is basically the same as Comparative Example 3, but differs in that the one-film two-tube four-row method is used, there is a water-fertilizer groove at the bottom of the ditch, a drip irrigation belt is laid in the water-fertilizer groove, and part of the base fertilizer is applied as side dressing in the water-fertilizer groove.

[0067] Comparison of Examples

Table 1

[0068] Comparison of Rice Yields 1. Compare the yields of Example 1, Example 2, and Comparative Examples 1-4, and the specific results are shown in Table 1.

[0069] Table 1 Rice Yield

Table 2

[0070] As described above by showing the embodiments of the present invention, the scope of the present invention is limited by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. After harvesting the previous crop, before sowing rice, rotary tilling is performed to a depth of 15 cm to 25 cm, the soil is leveled with a harrow, and the ground is leveled in a leveling step S1; A basal fertilizer application step S2 using a fertilizer specifically for rice as a basal fertilizer, or using nitrogen fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer and potassium fertilizer as a basal fertilizer; A seed treatment step S3 in which the air-dried rice seeds are washed and soaked in warm water, then soaked in a disinfectant to sterilize them, taken out, air-dried, and subjected to a powder coating treatment to obtain powder-coated seeds; a film-laying dry-field seeding step S4 in which dry-field seeding is performed using a dry-field direct seeding machine in the following order: digging furrows and making ridges → intensive fixed side stripe fertilization → laying drip irrigation belts → laying a film → precision seeding → fixed-volume hole watering → pressing soil on the film; a narrow furrow is formed in the middle of the furrow as a water fertilizer furrow; in concentrated fixed side stripe fertilization, 30% to 50% of the total amount of fertilizer to be applied or 60% of the total amount of fertilizer to be applied for rice cultivation is uniformly applied to the water fertilizer furrow by a mechanical fertilizer application device; and in laying the drip irrigation belt, a mechanical device is used to lay the drip irrigation belt smoothly in the water fertilizer furrow and place it on the fertilizer; A top-dressing step S5 of additionally applying 18% to 22% of the total amount of nitrogen fertilizer and 18% to 22% of the total amount of potassium fertilizer during the tillering stage of rice, additionally applying 18% to 22% of the total amount of nitrogen fertilizer and 18% to 22% of the total amount of potassium fertilizer during the internode elongation stage, and applying an appropriate amount of fertilizer or performing foliar top-dressing according to the growth conditions during the heading stage; A seedling weeding step S6 of removing weeds using a herbicide at the 2.5 leaf stage and at the late tillering stage of rice depending on the growth state of the weeds; A disease control step S7 for controlling one or more of sheath blight, blast, bacterial leaf blight, rice planthoppers, rice leafroller and rice stem borer during the growth period of rice. Rice cultivation methods.

2. In step S2, when nitrogen fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer and potassium fertilizer are used as basal fertilizer, first, 55% to 65% of the total amount of nitrogen fertilizer to be applied is applied as basal fertilizer, of which 25% to 35% of the fertilizer is applied to the entire layer at the time of plowing, and 25% to 35% of the fertilizer is applied as a concentrated fixed side stripe application in the furrow under the drip irrigation belt; Next, 100% of the total amount of phosphorus fertilizer applied is applied as a basal fertilizer, of which 65% to 75% of the fertilizer is applied to the entire layer at the time of tillage, and 25% to 35% of the fertilizer is applied as a concentrated fixed side stripe application in the furrow under the drip irrigation belt; After that, 55% to 65% of the total amount of potassium fertilizer applied is used as basal fertilizer. Among them, 25% to 35% of the fertilizer is applied to the whole layer during ploughing, and 25% to 35% of the fertilizer is centrally and fixedly applied to the side trenches under the drip irrigation belt. The mass ratio of nitrogen fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer and potassium fertilizer in the total amount of fertilization is 2.3 to 2.7: 0.9 to 1.1: 1.2 to 1.7, and the application amount of nitrogen fertilizer is 188 to 225 kg / hm in terms of nitrogen ２ and the application amount of phosphorus fertilizer is 75 to 90 kg / hm in terms of phosphorus pentoxide ２ and the application amount of potassium fertilizer is 113 to 135 kg / hm in terms of potassium oxide ２ characterized in that The rice cultivation method according to claim 1.

3. In step S2, when using the special fertilizer for paddy rice as the base fertilizer, all of the base fertilizer application amount can be applied into the ditch under the drip irrigation belt, or a part of the base fertilizer application amount can be applied to the whole layer during tillage, and a part of the base fertilizer application amount can be concentrated and side-strip applied into the ditch under the drip irrigation belt. The special fertilizer for paddy rice has N-P ２ O ５ -K ２ O = 20 - 8 - 12, characterized in that The rice cultivation method according to claim 1.

4. In step S3, soaking the rice seeds in warm water means soaking the rice seeds in a 2000-fold solution of prochloraz at a solution temperature of 20 to 25 °C for 3 to 4 days, taking them out to drain the water, performing a film coating treatment, and air-drying them. The rice cultivation method according to any one of claims 1 to 3.

5. In step S4, the trench digging and ridge forming are carried out by the trench digging and ridge forming device of the dry direct seeding machine for paddy fields, shaping the soil in the seeding belt into a ridge and trench shape where the ridge and trench are trapezoidal in reverse, and using the cultivation method of wide and narrow row spacing, large ridge trench bottom hole sowing, and one film, two pipes, and four rows. The rice cultivation method according to any one of claims 1 to 3.

6. The trench has a bottom width of 28 cm, an upper opening width of 38 cm, and a depth of 3 cm. The water and fertilizer trench has a depth of 3 cm and a width of 3 cm. The ridge is characterized by having a bottom width of 24 cm, a top width of 14 cm, and an overall height of 3 cm. The rice cultivation method according to claim 5.

7. The soil pressing is to evenly cover the soil on the seed hole zone, the upper surfaces of the two-sided films, and the seed hole openings by the soil covering device to form a soil zone with a thickness of 0.5 to 1 cm. The rice cultivation method according to claim 5.

8. The precision seeding is to make holes on the surface after covering the film by the seeding device of the dry direct seeding machine for paddy fields and then sow seeds. The quantitative hole water injection is to inject water into the seed holes by the perforated synchronous waterwheel, and the water injection amount for each hole is 15 to 20 g. The opening diameter of the film is 1.5 to 2 cm, the seeding depth is 2 to 3 cm, an average of 4 seeds are sown per hole, wide and narrow row spacing is used, the large row spacing is in the ridge, the row spacing is 30 cm, the small row spacing is in the trench, the row spacing is 22 cm, 2 rows of seeds are sown per ridge, the hole spacing is 15.6 cm, and 16,400 holes are made per mu. The rice cultivation method according to claim 1.

9. The use of the cultivation method of 1 film, 2 tubes and 4 rows means using 1 film in one seeding zone, laying 2 drip irrigation zones, laying the drip irrigation zones in the middle of the narrow inter-row water and fertilizer trenches in the furrow, and sowing seeds in 4 rows in one seeding zone, which is characterized by The rice cultivation method according to claim 5.

10. In step S5, 80 - 100 kg / hm of nitrogen fertilizer and 80 - 100 kg / hm of potassium fertilizer are additionally applied at the 4 - 5 leaf stage of rice, and 80 - 100 kg / hm of nitrogen fertilizer and 75 - 90 kg / hm of potassium fertilizer are additionally applied during the internode elongation stage of rice, characterized by: ２ ２ ２ ２ ​ The rice cultivation method according to claim 1.

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