Power supply and demand adjustment device, power supply and demand adjustment system, computer program for power supply and demand adjustment device, and power supply and demand adjustment method

Abstract

To provide an electric power supply and demand adjustment device that can ensure the output surplus of a generator which is a power source, and can efficiently and economically adjust the supply and demand of electric power.SOLUTION: A power supply and demand adjustment device has: a calculation unit 52 that calculates a control share (data h2 (control share)) for each generator 91 in an area based on an adjustment amount (data h1) for the power (AR value) requested for the area to be controlled; and a command creation unit 53 that creates a command value (data h3) for each generator 91 based on the control share (data h2 (control share)) for each generator 91 calculated by the calculation unit 52. The calculation unit 52 calculates the control share (data h2 (control share)) for each generator 91 based on a determination of the magnitude of the output margin for the current output of the generators 91 that are candidates for control.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present embodiment relates to a power supply and demand adjustment device that controls supply and demand in a power system, a power supply and demand adjustment system, a computer program for the power supply and demand adjustment device, and a power supply and demand adjustment method. [Background technology]

[0002] To ensure a stable supply of electricity, it is necessary to control supply and demand in the power system. As this type of power system supply and demand control system, a power supply and demand adjustment system that controls supply and demand using load frequency control (LFC) and economic load dispatch control (EDC) is known. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0003] [Patent Document 1] Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2001-238355 [Patent Document 2] Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2007-306770 [Patent Document 3] Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2017-060325 [Patent Document 4] Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2019-030151 [Patent Document 5] Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2019-187099 [Patent Document 6] Japanese Patent Publication No. 2020-022320 [Patent Document 7] Japanese Patent Publication No. 2021-027629 [Patent Document 8] Patent Publication No. 2021-097424 [Patent Document 9] Japanese Patent Publication No. 2021-129433 [Patent Document 10] Japanese Patent Publication No. 2022-165295 [Patent Document 11] Japanese Patent Publication No. 2023-084240 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0004] The recent liberalization of the electricity market has led to new electricity suppliers entering the electricity business, making electricity supply and consumption more complex than before. This has made it necessary to efficiently adjust the amount of electricity demand and supply (hereinafter referred to as "electricity supply and demand adjustment"). To efficiently adjust electricity supply and demand, it is preferable to adjust electricity supply and demand over a wide area. It is also preferable to avoid the adjustment capacity for electricity supply and demand adjustment being concentrated in a certain area.

[0005] Following the legal unbundling of general electricity transmission and distribution utilities, a supply and demand adjustment market began operating in April 2021 to enable general electricity transmission and distribution utilities to procure adjustment capacity. The supply and demand adjustment market must ensure neutrality and price transparency in market operations, realize efficient supply and demand adjustments using market mechanisms, and stably procure the necessary adjustment capacity. To achieve these goals, consideration is being given to methods such as disclosing supply and demand adjustment market prices, generating electricity on a merit order basis, utilizing power sources other than traditional general electricity utilities and demand response, and evaluating power sources with high adjustment flexibility (power sources for frequency adjustment). To ensure the smooth introduction of the supply and demand adjustment market, it is necessary to ensure fairness and transparency in the procurement and operation of adjustment capacity.

[0006] Due to the recent electricity system reform, the current power generation, transmission and distribution, and retail businesses of electric power companies have been legally separated and divided into transmission and distribution and power generation and retail businesses. Existing electric power companies have secured the necessary supply and demand adjustment capacity in-house when adjusting supply and demand and frequency. However, due to the recent separation of power generation and transmission and distribution businesses, electric power companies may also secure supply and demand adjustment capacity through the supply and demand adjustment market.

[0007] As both a market participant and a grid operator, electric power companies adjust supply and demand and frequency based on merit order, from a neutral standpoint. Electric power companies adjust supply and demand and frequency by purchasing or selling products in the supply and demand adjustment market.

[0008] The product menu for the supply and demand adjustment market includes multiple products that correspond to different adjustment speeds. As an example, the product menu for the supply and demand adjustment market is planned to be divided into five categories corresponding to each control category: "primary adjustment capacity," "secondary adjustment capacity," and "tertiary adjustment capacity."

[0009] Previously, in each area's power grid, the power supply and demand adjustment device for each area controlled and operated the supply and demand adjustment capacity based on the area's local power requirement (AR). In the future, wide-area power procurement and wide-area operation will be initiated through the supply and demand adjustment market. In this future wide-area power procurement and wide-area operation, the area requirements (AR) of each area's power grid will be netted, and the netted area requirements (AR) will be instructed to each area's power grid as the control amount. However, because commands related to the control amount are issued to multiple areas, the adjustment capacity will be unevenly concentrated in certain areas, which may make it difficult to ensure control performance.

[0010] In August 2020, the Organization for Cross-regional Coordination of Transmission Operators (OCCTO) published a method for considering cross-regional operation of secondary control reserves, but the following problems are anticipated. (a) The allocation of control loads based on individual merit order lists using the load frequency control (LFC) function may result in uneven distribution of surplus adjustment capacity among areas, which may lead to a deterioration in controllability. (b) By sharing the control amount according to the merit order, allocation is made according to the adjustment cost, which creates a trade-off between economy and controllability, which may lead to a deterioration in controllability. (c) Load frequency control (LFC) is implemented through wide-area operation, and general electricity transmission and distribution companies hold electricity bidding to adjust supply and demand. This results in a concentration of bids on power sources with low prices per unit of electricity, which may result in requests for electricity that exceeds the output range of the power source, and a decrease in adjustment capacity may make it impossible to ensure control performance. Power sources used to adjust supply and demand are sometimes called adjustment power sources.

[0011] In each area's power grid, regulated power sources for adjusting supply and demand cannot output power that exceeds a specified output range. Regulated power sources cannot output large amounts of power that exceed the upper limit of the output range, or small amounts of power that are below the lower limit of the output range. When a command is given to a regulated power source in each area's power grid to output power that exceeds the specified output range, the regulated power source cannot output power that exceeds the specified range, making it difficult to perform appropriate power control. Regulated power sources include not only thermal and hydroelectric power sources, but also storage batteries and DR.

[0012] The present embodiment aims to provide a power supply and demand adjustment device, a power supply and demand adjustment system, a computer program for the power supply and demand adjustment device, and a power supply and demand adjustment method that can ensure the output surplus of a generator, which is an adjustable power source, and can adjust power supply and demand efficiently and economically. [Means for solving the problem]

[0013] The power supply and demand adjusting device of this embodiment has the following features. (1) A calculation unit is provided that calculates the control allocation amount for each generator in an area based on the adjustment amount for the power required for the area to be controlled. (2) A command creation unit creates a command value for each of the generators based on the control share for each of the generators calculated by the calculation unit. (3) The calculation unit calculates the control share for each of the generators that are candidates for control, based on a determination based on the magnitude of the output surplus capacity of the generators that are candidates for control, which is applied to the current output. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0014] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a power supply and demand adjustment system according to a first embodiment. [Figure 2] FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating the connection relationship between a wide-area supply and demand adjustment device and each area in a power supply and demand adjustment system according to a first embodiment. [Figure 3] FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an operation flow of an area supply and demand adjustment device according to a first embodiment. [Figure 4] FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an operation flow of a wide-area supply and demand adjusting device according to a first embodiment. [Figure 5] FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the control logic of the power supply and demand adjustment system according to the first embodiment. [Figure 6] FIG. 1 is a diagram showing individual merit orders for each generator in the power supply and demand adjustment system according to the first embodiment. [Figure 7] FIG. 10 is a diagram showing the control logic of the AR allocation method of the wide-area supply and demand adjusting device according to the first embodiment. [Figure 8] FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating an overview of a wide-area LFC model in a power supply and demand adjustment system according to a first embodiment. [Figure 9] FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an LFC model according to a merit order in a power supply and demand adjustment system according to a first embodiment. [Figure 10] FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a distribution method based on price differences in the power supply and demand adjustment system according to the first embodiment. [Figure 11] FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an upward adjustment price and a downward adjustment price of each power generator in the power supply and demand adjustment system according to the first embodiment. [Figure 12] FIG. 10 is a diagram showing an operation flow of the wide-area supply and demand adjusting device according to the second embodiment. [Figure 13] FIG. 10 is a diagram showing the timing for switching the allocation standard between the planned value standard and the current value standard in the power supply and demand adjustment system according to the second embodiment. [Figure 14] FIG. 10 is a diagram showing an operation flow of the wide-area supply and demand adjusting device according to the third embodiment. [Figure 15] FIG. 10 is a diagram showing the timing for switching the allocation standard between the planned value standard and the current value standard in the power supply and demand adjustment system according to the third embodiment. [Figure 16] Diagram explaining product categories DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0015] [First embodiment] [1-1.Configuration] As an example of this embodiment, an electric power supply and demand adjustment system 1 will be described with reference to Figures 1 and 2. In this embodiment, when there are multiple devices or components with the same configuration, they will be described with the same number, and when describing each individual device or component with the same configuration, they will be distinguished by adding an alphabetic suffix to the common number.

[0016] (1) Overall system configuration FIG. 1 shows an electricity supply and demand adjustment system 1 according to this embodiment. The electricity supply and demand adjustment system 1 is composed of an area supply and demand adjustment device 2 and a wide-area supply and demand adjustment device 5. The area supply and demand adjustment device 2 and the wide-area supply and demand adjustment device 5 are sometimes collectively referred to as electricity supply and demand adjustment devices. The area supply and demand adjustment device 2 is one aspect of an electricity supply and demand adjustment device. Also, the wide-area supply and demand adjustment device 5 is one aspect of an electricity supply and demand adjustment device. An area that is the subject of supply and demand adjustment control performed by one area supply and demand adjustment device 2 is called one area. Also, two or more areas are called a wide area.

[0017] As shown in Figure 2, the wide-area supply and demand adjustment device 5 is connected to area supply and demand adjustment devices 2 in multiple areas. The power system 9 includes multiple generators 91, natural energy power generation facilities 92, and detection devices 93. The area supply and demand adjustment device 2 is connected to the multiple generators 91, natural energy power generation facilities 92, and detection devices 93. The power system 9a is connected to another power system 9b via an interconnection line. In addition, each generator 91 is connected to the area supply and demand adjustment device 2 by a detection signal line 97 and a control signal line 98.

[0018] In the power supply and demand adjustment system 1 according to this embodiment, the following data is input, output, transmitted / received, or stored. Furthermore, hereinafter, "regional demand power" may be referred to as "AR," "load frequency control" as "LFC (Load Frequency Control)," and "economic load dispatch control" as "EDC (Economic Load Dispatch Control)." "Actual demand value" refers to the value of power actually generated (power value at generating end), rather than the power actually supplied. Data a1 (generator power generation value) Data b1 (renewable energy generation power value) Data c1 (frequency change ΔF) Data c2 (volume of change in power flow ΔPT) Data c3 (interchangeable power P0) Data d1 (power generation target value) Data f1 (AR value) Data f2 (smoothed AR value) Data f3 (AR allocation value) Data g1 (real-time EDC value) Data g2 (Individual Merit Order List) Data g3 (LFC operation amount) Data h1 (AR value after netting) Data h2 (control share) Data h3 (LFC control output command)

[0019] (2) Generator 91 The generator 91 is a power supply facility that generates power to be supplied to the power grid 9a. As an example, the power supply and demand adjustment system 1 of this embodiment has generators 91a to 91n. For example, the generator 91a is configured as a high-speed machine such as a hydraulic machine with a fast output change rate. For example, the generator 91b is configured as a medium-speed machine such as an oil-fired power machine with a slightly slow output change rate. For example, the generator 91n is configured as a low-speed machine such as a coal-fired power machine with an extremely slow output change rate. The generator 91 may be configured as a generator with any power generation speed.

[0020] The generator 91 is connected to the area supply and demand adjustment device 2. The generator 91 transmits data a1 (generator power generation value) to the area supply and demand adjustment device 2 via a detection signal line 97. The generator 91 also receives data d1 (power generation target value) from the area supply and demand adjustment device 2 via a control signal line 98, and controls the power generation based on the data d1 (power generation target value). The number of generators 91a to 91n may be any number.

[0021] (3) 92 renewable energy power generation facilities The natural energy power generation facility 92 is a power supply facility that generates power using natural energy such as solar power or wind power and supplies the generated power to the power grid 9a. As an example, the power supply and demand adjustment system 1 of this embodiment has natural energy power generation facilities 92a to 92n. The natural energy power generation facility 92 transmits data b1 (natural energy generation power value) to the area supply and demand adjustment device 2. Note that the number of natural energy power generation facilities 92a to 92n may be any number.

[0022] (4) Detection device 93 The detection device 93 is a measuring device that detects the amount of electricity in the power system 9a. The detection device 93 is installed in the power system 9a. The detection device 93 detects each item of data c1 (frequency change amount ΔF), data c2 (power flow power change amount ΔPT), and data c3 (interchange power P0) related to the power system 9a in the interconnection line, and transmits the data to the area supply and demand adjustment device 2.

[0023] (5) Area supply and demand adjustment device 2 The area supply and demand adjustment device 2 is composed of a computer or the like. The area supply and demand adjustment device 2 is placed in a control room or the like that monitors and controls electricity. The area supply and demand adjustment device 2 receives data a1 (generator power generation power value) transmitted from the generator 91, data b1 (renewable energy power generation power value) transmitted from the natural energy power generation facility 92, and data c1 (frequency change amount ΔF), data c2 (tidal flow power change amount ΔPT), and data c3 (interchange power P0) related to the power system 9a in the interconnection line transmitted from the detection device 93. The area supply and demand adjustment device 2 transmits data d1 (power generation target value) to the generator 91. The area supply and demand adjustment device 2 is also connected to the wide-area supply and demand adjustment device 5 and transmits and receives data.

[0024] The area supply and demand adjustment device 2 has an input unit 21, an output unit 22, a target value creation unit 23, an AR calculation unit 24, an AR smoothing unit 25, an AR allocation unit 26, a real-time EDC calculation unit 27, an AR transmission unit 31, an information transmission unit 32, an LFC control output command receiving unit 33, and a switching unit 34.

[0025] The input unit 21, output unit 22, AR transmitter 31, information transmitter 32, and LFC control output command receiver 33 of the area supply and demand adjustment device 2 are configured by hardware. The target value generator 23, AR calculator 24, AR smoother 25, AR distributor 26, real-time EDC calculator 27, and switcher 34 are configured by software modules as functional blocks.

[0026] The input unit 21 is configured with a receiving circuit. The input side of the input unit 21 is connected to the generator 91 via a signal line 97, and the output side is connected to the target value creation unit 23. The input unit 21 receives data a1 (generator power generation value) transmitted from the generator 91. The input unit 21 transmits the data a1 (generator power generation value) to the target value creation unit 23.

[0027] The output unit 22 is configured by a transmission circuit. The input side of the output unit 22 is connected to the target value creation unit 23, and the output side is connected to the generator 91 via a signal line 98. The output unit 22 transmits data d1 (power generation target value) input from the target value creation unit 23 to the generator 91.

[0028] The input side of the target value creation unit 23 is connected to the input unit 21, the switching unit 34, and the real-time EDC calculation unit 27, and the output side is connected to the output unit 22. The target value creation unit 23 receives data a1 (generator power generation power value) of the generator 91 from the input unit 21, and one of data f3 (AR allocation value) or data h3 (LFC control output command) from the switching unit 34. The target value creation unit 23 receives data g1 (real-time EDC value) from the real-time EDC calculation unit 27.

[0029] The target value creation unit 23 creates data d1 (power generation target value) based on data a1 (generator power generation value), data g1 (real-time EDC value), and one of data f3 (AR distribution value) or data h3 (LFC control output command) selected by the switching unit 34, and transmits it to the output unit 22.

[0030] The input side of the AR calculation unit 24 is connected to the natural energy power generation facility 92 and the detection device 93, and the output side is connected to the AR smoothing unit 25 and the AR transmission unit 31. The AR calculation unit 24 receives data b1 (natural energy power generation power value) from the natural energy power generation facility 92, and data c1 (frequency change amount ΔF), data c2 (force flow power change amount ΔPT), and data c3 (interchange power P0) from the detection device 93.

[0031] The AR calculation unit 24 calculates an AR value based on data b1 (natural energy generation power value), data c1 (frequency change amount ΔF), data c2 (power flow power change amount ΔPT), and data c3 (interchange power P0), and transmits data f1 (AR value) to the AR smoothing unit 25 and the AR transmission unit 31.

[0032] The input side of the AR smoothing unit 25 is connected to the AR calculation unit 24, and the output side is connected to the AR allocation unit 26. The AR smoothing unit 25 receives data f1 (AR value) from the AR calculation unit 24. The AR smoothing unit 25 performs frequency decomposition based on the data f1 (AR value), and transmits data f2 (smoothed AR value) to the AR allocation unit 26.

[0033] The input side of the AR allocation unit 26 is connected to the AR smoothing unit 25, and the output side is connected to the switching unit 34. The AR allocation unit 26 receives data f2 (smoothed AR value) from the AR smoothing unit 25. The AR allocation unit 26 calculates the power generation allocation for each generator 91 based on the data f2 (smoothed AR value), and transmits data f3 (AR allocation value) to the switching unit 34. The data f3 (AR allocation value) is the adjustment amount allocated to each generator 91, and is calculated based on the merit order of the generator 91.

[0034] Furthermore, the AR allocation unit 26 allocates data f3 (AR allocation value) in accordance with the operating capacity of the generator 91. The operating capacity is, for example, the response time until the generator 91 starts operating. The AR allocation unit 26 transmits the data f3 (AR allocation value) for each target value creation unit 23 to the switching unit 34.

[0035] The AR transmitter 31 is configured by a transmission circuit. The AR transmitter 31 transmits the data f1 (AR value) calculated by the AR calculator 24 to the wide-area supply and demand adjusting device 5.

[0036] The information transmitting unit 32 is configured with a transmitting circuit and a storage device. The information transmitting unit 32 transmits information related to data g2 (individual merit order list) and data g3 (existing LFC operation amount) that are set and stored in advance to the wide-area supply and demand adjusting device 5.

[0037] The LFC control output command receiving unit 33 is configured by a receiving circuit. The LFC control output command receiving unit 33 receives data h3 (LFC control output command) described later from the wide-area supply and demand adjusting device 5, and transmits it to the switching unit .

[0038] The switching unit 34 selects either the data f3 (AR distribution value) transmitted from the AR distribution unit 26 or the data h3 (LFC control output command) transmitted from the LFC control output command receiving unit 33, and transmits it to each of the target value creation units 23a to 23n.

[0039] The input side of the real-time EDC calculation unit 27 is connected to the AR smoothing unit 25, and the output side is connected to each target value creation unit 23. The real-time EDC calculation unit 27 receives data f2 (smoothed AR value) from the AR smoothing unit 25. Note that the AR smoothing unit 25 may be located within the wide-area supply and demand adjustment device 5.

[0040] The real-time EDC calculation unit 27 performs economic load dispatch based on the data f2 (smoothed AR value), and calculates data g1 (real-time EDC value) for each generator 91 as the calculation result of economic load dispatch based on the merit order of the generator 91.

[0041] The data g1 (real-time EDC value) is a generated power value that is scheduled and allocated to each generator 91 so that the power supply and demand adjustment system 1 as a whole is economical.

[0042] Furthermore, the real-time EDC calculation unit 27 allocates the area imbalance amount of the EDC target in its own area according to the merit order of the power generator 91. The real-time EDC calculation unit 27 allocates the area imbalance amount in accordance with the EDC period.

[0043] The area imbalance amount is the difference between the amount of power provided and the amount of power requested in a future time period for a certain area. If the amount of power requested is greater than the amount of power provided (i.e., the AR value is positive), it means that there is a shortage of area imbalance amount = a shortage of power to be procured. Conversely, if the amount of power requested is less than the amount of power provided (i.e., the AR value is negative), it means that there is an excess of area imbalance amount = an excess of power to be procured.

[0044] The data g1 (real-time EDC value) calculated and allocated by the real-time EDC calculation unit 27 is transmitted to the target value creation unit 23. The target value creation unit 23 creates data d1 (power generation target value) based on the data a1 (generator power generation power value), the data g1 (real-time EDC value), and one of the data f3 (AR allocation value) and data h3 (LFC control output command) selected by the switching unit 34, and transmits the data d1 to the output unit 22.

[0045] (6) Wide-area supply and demand adjustment device 5 The wide-area supply and demand adjustment device 5 is composed of a computer device. The wide-area supply and demand adjustment device 5 is a higher-level control device that issues command control amounts to the area supply and demand adjustment devices 2 installed in each power system 9. The wide-area supply and demand adjustment device 5 is installed in a control room or the like that monitors and controls each power system 9.

[0046] The wide-area supply and demand adjusting device 5 has a netting unit 51, a control share calculation unit 52, and each power supply command creation unit 53. The control share calculation unit 52 may be referred to as a calculation unit, and each power supply command creation unit 53 may be referred to as a command creation unit.

[0047] The netting unit 51 receives data f1 (AR value) from the area supply and demand adjustment device 2. Based on the data f1 (AR value) for each area, the netting unit 51 performs netting of the AR values to calculate the adjustment amount for the entire area. The operation of determining the control amount is called netting. The netting unit 51 transmits the netted AR value as data h1 (AR value after netting) to the control allocation amount calculation unit 52.

[0048] The control share calculation unit 52 receives data h1 (post-netting AR value) from the netting unit 51. The control share calculation unit 52 also receives data g2 (individual merit order list) and data g3 (already operated LFC amount) from the area supply and demand adjustment device 2. The control share calculation unit 52 calculates the control share for the generator 91 in each area based on the data h1 (post-netting AR value), data g2 (individual merit order list), and data g3 (already operated LFC amount). The control share calculation unit 52 transmits the calculated control share to each power supply command creation unit 53 as data h2 (control share amount).

[0049] Each power supply command creation unit 53 receives data h2 (control burden amount) from the control burden amount calculation unit 52. Each power supply command creation unit 53 calculates a command value for the generator 91 in each area based on the data h2 (control burden amount). Each power supply command creation unit 53 transmits the calculated command value for the generator 91 in each area as data h3 (LFC control output command) to the LFC control output command receiving unit 33 of the area supply and demand adjustment device 2 in each area.

[0050] The configuration of the power supply and demand adjustment system 1 has been described above.

[0051] [1-2. Effect] First, a general power supply and demand control currently being carried out will be described.

[0052] [General power supply and demand control] The load on the power grid fluctuates depending on the season and time of day. Load fluctuations on the power grid can be classified into the following three categories: (a) (b) (c). (a) Cyclic component: Load fluctuations with a very short period, ranging from a few seconds to a few minutes. It is considered to be a superposition of pulsating components with various vibration periods with a small fluctuation range and irregular fluctuation components. (b) Fringe: Short-period load fluctuations lasting from a few minutes to tens of minutes. (c) Sustained load: A load fluctuation with a long period of more than 10 minutes.

[0053] Of the cyclic load fluctuations, which are minute periodic load fluctuations, extremely short-period load fluctuations are adjusted based on the load characteristics of the system. Of the cyclic load fluctuations, load fluctuations with periods of several minutes or more than the aforementioned period are adjusted by the governor of a power plant operating in governor-free mode. Of the cyclic load fluctuations, load fluctuations with periods even longer than the aforementioned period are controlled and adjusted by a power supply and demand adjustment device installed in the power company's central load dispatching center.

[0054] Fringe load fluctuations, which are short-cycle load fluctuations, are larger than cyclic load fluctuations and cannot be adjusted by governor-free alone.Fringe load fluctuations are adjusted by load frequency control (LFC), which controls the generator output based on the detected frequency deviation and power fluctuations.

[0055] Sustained load fluctuations, which are long-period load fluctuations, have a large amount of fluctuation in the load fluctuation and can be considered as part of the load fluctuation in the daily load curve. Sustained load fluctuations cannot be adjusted to the desired power generation amount using load frequency control (LFC) because the power generation capacity of the generator is insufficient. Sustained load fluctuations are adjusted by economic load dispatch (EDC), which is the economic operation of the power plant.

[0056] Load frequency control (LFC) and economic load dispatch control (EDC) are important functions of power supply and demand adjustment devices installed in the central load dispatching center of electric power companies. Load frequency control (LFC) aims to maintain constant interconnection line power flow and system frequency. Economic load dispatch control (EDC) aims to operate electricity in the most economical way. Hereinafter, load frequency control (LFC) and economic load dispatch control (EDC) will be collectively referred to as supply and demand control.

[0057] Load frequency control (LFC) is performed by adjusting the output of each generator according to the system frequency and the tidal power in interconnection lines with other systems. Load frequency control (LFC) output adjustment is not performed for all generators, but rather for high-speed machines such as hydroelectric machines that can respond to relatively fast output fluctuations, and medium-speed machines such as oil-fired power machines.

[0058] Load frequency control (LFC) is not generally used to adjust output for low-speed machines such as coal-fired power plants, nuclear power units, or generators where output fluctuations should be avoided for operational reasons. Load frequency control (LFC) is performed for each generator by the power supply and demand adjustment device in each power company's central load dispatching center, and there is a delay of several tens of seconds before the output fluctuates to the desired value.

[0059] Load frequency control (LFC) is divided into the following three methods: (a) Constant frequency control (FFC): A control method that detects the amount of frequency change (ΔF) and adjusts the generator output to reduce ΔF, thereby maintaining only the system frequency at a specified value. (b) Constant-Tie Power Control (FTC): A control method that detects the change in tidal power (ΔPT) in the interconnection line and adjusts the generator output to reduce ΔPT, thereby maintaining only the tidal power in the interconnection line at a specified value. (c) Frequency bias tie-line power control (TBC): A control method that detects the amount of change in frequency (ΔF) and the amount of change in tidal power in the tie-line (ΔPT), calculates the area power requirement (AR), and controls the generator output according to the area power requirement (AR).

[0060] Currently, frequency bias tie line power control (TBC) is widely adopted in Japan. Frequency bias tie line power control (TBC) is performed on each generator by the power supply and demand adjustment device installed in the central load dispatching center of each electric power company. Control related to frequency bias tie line power control (TBC) is performed according to the following procedure.

[0061] (Step m1: Calculation of area required power (AR)) The regional power requirement (AR) is calculated based on the frequency change (ΔF) and the interconnection line power flow change (ΔPT). AR=-K·ΔF+ΔPT ...(Formula 1) AR:Regional power requirement [MW] K: System constant [MW / Hz] ΔF: Frequency deviation [Hz] ΔPT: Change in interconnection line power flow [MW] The interconnection line power flow change (ΔPT) is the amount of change in the power flow in the interconnection line. In the above (Equation 1), the power flow direction of the power flowing into the system is taken as a positive value. If the value of the area required power (AR) is positive, the output of the power generation units in the entire system will increase. If the area required power (AR) is negative, the output of the power generation units in the entire system will decrease.

[0062] (Step m2: Filtering of area required power (AR)) Filtering using exponential smoothing or similar is performed based on past regional power requirement (AR), and the adjustment amount for allocating regional power requirement (AR) to low-speed and high-speed units is calculated. A unit with a slow rate of output change, such as a thermal power generator, corresponds to a low-speed unit. A unit with a fast rate of output change, such as a hydroelectric power generator, corresponds to a high-speed unit. The regional power requirement (AR) may be frequency-decomposed, and power with a short fluctuation period may be allocated to high-speed units, and power with a long fluctuation period may be allocated to low-speed units, and the adjustment amount may be calculated.

[0063] (Step m3: Allocation to generators) The regional power requirement (AR) is filtered or frequency-decomposed, and the calculated adjustment amount is allocated to each generator. Allocation is performed for all generators for which supply and demand adjustment is performed, based on the generator output change rate or output margin, etc., for low-speed and high-speed generators.

[0064] (Step m4: Calculation of target command value) The target command value of each generator is calculated by adding the allocated regional power requirement (AR) and the real-time EDC or current output calculated by the economic load dispatch control (EDC). The target command value may be set within upper and lower limits so as not to deviate from a certain reference value.

[0065] (Step m5: Generator output fluctuates) Each generator receives the target command value and varies its output. As a result, the system frequency and the interconnection line power flow change. After that, the process returns to step m1 and repeats the above steps.

[0066] [General Economic Dispatch Control (EDC)] Economic load dispatch control (EDC) is performed in response to slow fluctuations in power load, which can be seen in the daily load curve. Slow fluctuations in power load can be predicted with high accuracy based on past data. The control amount for each generator in economic load dispatch control (EDC) is calculated so that fuel costs are reduced in response to the predicted power load fluctuations. Generally, the equal incremental fuel cost law (equal λ method) is used to calculate the control amount for each generator in economic load dispatch control (EDC).

[0067] Below, we will explain an example of the equal incremental fuel cost law (equal λ method), which is widely used by Japanese electric power companies. Economic load dispatch control (EDC) is performed on each generator from an electric power supply and demand adjustment device installed in the central load dispatching center of each electric power company. Control related to economic load dispatch control (EDC) is performed in the following procedure.

[0068] (Step n1: Set the initial value of λ) First, an initial value of λ is set, which corresponds to the fuel cost for the incremental fuel.

[0069] (Step n2: Calculate the control amount for each generator) Next, the control variable for each generator is calculated to be equal to λ, which corresponds to the fuel cost of the incremental fuel. If the control variable is below the minimum output value, it is set to the minimum output value, and if it is above the maximum output value, it is set to the maximum output value.

[0070] (Step n3: Calculate the total output power) Next, the sum of the output powers output from the generators is calculated.

[0071] (Step n4: Resetting λ) If the total output power calculated in step n3 is less than the load, λ is increased, and if the total output power exceeds the load, λ is decreased and λ is reset. Thereafter, steps n2 to n4 are repeated until the difference between the total output power and the load is within a certain value.

[0072] Due to the recent electricity system reform, the current power generation, transmission and distribution, and retail businesses of electric power companies will be legally separated and divided into transmission and distribution, and power generation and retail businesses. Previously, when adjusting power supply and demand and frequency, electric power companies secured the necessary supply and demand adjustment capacity in-house. With the electricity system reform, electric power companies will secure supply and demand adjustment capacity through the supply and demand adjustment market. As an example, the product menu in the supply and demand adjustment market is planned to be divided into five categories corresponding to each control category: "primary adjustment capacity," "secondary adjustment capacity," and "tertiary adjustment capacity," as shown in Figure 16.

[0073] Ancillary services are the work of ensuring a high-quality power supply, such as maintaining the frequency of the entire grid. Traditionally, ancillary services were provided by general electric utilities using their own generators. However, under the new licensing system based on the supply and demand adjustment market, ancillary services will be provided by general electricity transmission and distribution utilities in the future.

[0074] In future ancillary services, power sources necessary for ensuring power quality will be procured by general electricity transmission and distribution utilities from power generation companies as adjustment capacity, and the costs required for ensuring adjustment capacity will be recovered by general electricity transmission and distribution utilities as wheeling charges. Future ancillary services are expected to encourage the participation and competition of a variety of power generation companies, leading to an increase in the amount of electricity that can be procured as adjustment capacity, improved power quality, and efficient use of adjustment capacity. Future ancillary services are premised on the assumption that general electricity transmission and distribution utilities will provide adjustment capacity after ensuring fairness and transparency in the procurement of adjustment capacity. The specific details of the procedures will be left to each general electricity transmission and distribution utility.

[0075] In the future, general electricity transmission and distribution companies will be required to supply high-quality electricity that maintains the frequency of the entire grid.General electricity transmission and distribution companies will adjust supply and demand and frequency based on merit order to ensure supply and demand adjustment capacity through the supply and demand adjustment market.

[0076] Previously, power supply and demand adjustment devices installed in each area controlled and operated supply and demand adjustment capacity based on the area's local demand (AR). In the future, wide-area procurement and operation of electricity will begin through the supply and demand adjustment market. In this future wide-area procurement and operation of electricity, the area demand (AR) of each area's power grid will be netted, and the netted area demand (AR) will be instructed to each area's power grid as the control amount for load frequency control (LFC), as shown in Figures 5 and 6.

[0077] However, since the load frequency control (LFC) control amount is commanded to multiple areas, there was a problem that the adjustment power was unevenly concentrated in certain areas, making it difficult to ensure control performance.

[0078] In order to ensure the control performance of the power grid 9, it is desirable to issue a command for the control amount related to load frequency control (LFC) that does not cause the adjustment power to be unevenly distributed in a certain area.

[0079] Furthermore, in the supply and demand adjustment market, it is expected that adjustment capacity will not only be subdivided (five product categories), but will also be procured over a wide area. Currently, adjustment capacity is procured only within an area. In the future, it will be desirable to establish a system that sends control signals to multiple areas in real time in order to procure adjustment capacity over a wide area.

[0080] [Operation of Electricity Supply and Demand Adjustment System 1] Next, the operation of the electricity supply and demand adjustment system 1 of this embodiment will be described with reference to Figs. 1 to 11. In the electricity supply and demand adjustment system 1 of this embodiment, area supply and demand adjustment devices 2 in multiple areas are controlled in cooperation with a wide-area supply and demand adjustment device 5 as shown in Fig. 1. In this embodiment, two or more areas are called a wide area. The supply and demand adjustment method in this embodiment mainly targets the product category of secondary control reserve related to the LFC function in Fig. 16. The generator 91, which is an adjustment power source for supply and demand adjustment, includes not only thermal and hydroelectric power generators but also storage batteries, DR, etc.

[0081] (Operation of area supply and demand adjustment device 2) Figure 3 shows a flow of operation of the area supply and demand adjustment device 2. The program shown in Figure 3 is stored in the area supply and demand adjustment device 2. The area supply and demand adjustment devices 2 arranged in multiple areas in this embodiment receive instructions for data h3 (LFC control output command) from the wide-area supply and demand adjustment device 5. The area supply and demand adjustment device 2 operates and performs calculations in the following procedure.

[0082] (Step S20: Calculation of data f1 (AR value)) The detection device 93 detects each item of data c1 (frequency change amount ΔF), data c2 (force flow power change amount ΔPT), and data c3 (interchange power P0) related to the power system 9a in the interconnection line, and transmits them to the area supply and demand adjustment device 2. The natural energy power generation facility 92 transmits data b1 (natural energy power generation power value) to the area supply and demand adjustment device 2.

[0083] The AR calculation unit 24 of the area supply and demand adjustment device 2 receives the following signals. The following signal was transmitted from detector 93: Data c1 (frequency change ΔF) Data c2 (volume of change in power flow ΔPT) Data c3 (interchangeable power P0) The following signal was sent from renewable energy power generation facility 92: Data b1 (renewable energy generation power value)

[0084] The AR calculation unit 24 calculates data f1 (AR value) using (Equation 1) based on data c1 (frequency change amount ΔF), data c2 (force flow power change amount ΔPT), data c3 (interchange power P0), and data b1 (renewable energy power generation power value). (Equation 1) is shown again. AR in (Equation 1) is data f1 (AR value). AR=-K·ΔF+ΔPT ...(Formula 1) AR:Regional power requirement [MW] K: System constant [MW / Hz] ΔF: Frequency deviation [Hz] ΔPT: Change in interconnection line power flow [MW] In the above (Equation 1), the direction of power flow into the local system is set to a positive value.

[0085] (Step S30: Sending data f1 (AR value)) The AR transmitter 31 transmits the data f1 (AR value) calculated in step S20 to the wide-area supply and demand adjusting device 5.

[0086] The wide-area supply and demand adjustment device 5 receives data f1 (AR value) from the area supply and demand adjustment device 2 of each area. The wide-area supply and demand adjustment device 5 also receives data g2 (individual merit order list) and data g3 (already operated LFC amount) from the area supply and demand adjustment device 2 of each area. The wide-area supply and demand adjustment device 5 calculates the adjustment amount for each area or the adjustment amount for each generator 91 in each area based on data f1 (AR value), data g2 (individual merit order list), and data g3 (already operated LFC amount), and transmits this as data h3 (LFC control output command) to the area supply and demand adjustment device 2 of each area.

[0087] (Step S31: Receiving data h3 (LFC control output command)) The LFC control output command receiving unit 33 receives data h3 (LFC control output command) from the wide-area supply and demand adjusting device 5 and transmits it to the switching unit .

[0088] (Step S21: Calculation of data f2 (smoothed AR value)) The AR smoothing unit 25 calculates data f2 (smoothed AR value) based on the data f1 (AR value) calculated in step S20. The data f2 (smoothed AR value) is calculated by frequency-decomposing the data f1 (AR value) using Fourier expansion.

[0089] (Step S22: Calculation of data f3 (AR distribution value)) The AR allocation unit 26 calculates data f3 (AR allocation value) based on the data f2 (smoothed AR value) frequency-resolved in step S21. The data f3 (AR allocation value) is an adjustment amount for each generator 91, and is calculated according to the output response speed or output margin of the generator 91.

[0090] The AR allocation unit 26 performs processing related to AR allocation based on the output change speed ratio in accordance with the procedure based on the control logic shown in Fig. 7. First, the product of the frequency deviation and the system capacity is calculated by AR calculation. Next, the difference between the product of the frequency deviation and the system capacity multiplied by the system constant K and the power flow deviation at the interconnection point is frequency resolved and smoothed. The smoothed difference is then further subjected to PI control, excluding the dead band, and allocated to the command value for each generator 91.

[0091] (Step S32: Selection of data f3 (AR distribution value) or data h3 (LFC control output command)) The switching unit 34 selects and outputs data f3 (AR allocation value) or data h3 (LFC control output command) calculated in step S22. For example, if an accident occurs in the area supply and demand adjustment device 2 or the power system 9 in another area, the switching unit 34 selects data f3 (AR allocation value). If there is no abnormality in the area supply and demand adjustment device 2 or the power system 9 in another area, the switching unit 34 selects data h3 (LFC control output command). The switching unit 34 selects data f3 (AR allocation value) or data h3 (LFC control output command) by switching.

[0092] (Step S204: Calculation of data g1 (real-time EDC value)) The real-time EDC calculation unit 27 executes step S204 in parallel with the above steps S20 to S22. The real-time EDC calculation unit 27 calculates data g1 (real-time EDC value) based on the data f2 (smoothed AR value) calculated in step S21. The data g1 (real-time EDC value) is calculated by performing economic load allocation to each generator 91 according to the merit order of each generator 91.

[0093] (Step S205: Receiving generator output) In parallel with the above steps S20 to S22, the input unit 21 receives data a1 (generator generated power value) from the generator 91 and transmits it to the target value creation unit 23. The data a1 (generator generated power value) includes the current output of the generator 91.

[0094] (Step S23: Calculation of data d1 (power generation target value)) The target value creation unit 23 calculates data d1 (power generation target value) based on the data f3 (AR distribution value) calculated in step S22, the data g1 (real-time EDC value) calculated by the real-time EDC calculation unit 27 in step S204, and the received data a1 (generator power generation power value). For each of the target value creation units 23a, 23b, and 23n, data d1 (power generation target value) is calculated for each of the generators 91a, 91b, and 91n.

[0095] (Step S24: Transmission of data d1 (power generation target value)) The target value creation unit 23 transmits the data d1 (power generation target value) calculated in step S23 to the output unit 22. The data d1 (power generation target value) is transmitted to each of the output units 22a, 22b, and 22n.

[0096] (Step S25: Send command for data d1 (power generation target value)) The output unit 22 transmits the data d1 (power generation target value) received in step S24 to the generator 91. The data d1 (power generation target value) is transmitted from the output units 22a, 22b, and 22n to the generators 91a, 91b, and 91n, respectively. As a result, each generator 91 outputs power corresponding to the data d1 (power generation target value).

[0097] (Operation of the wide-area supply and demand adjusting device 5) Figure 4 shows the operation flow of the wide-area supply and demand adjustment device 5. The program shown in Figure 4 is built into the wide-area supply and demand adjustment device 5. The wide-area supply and demand adjustment device 5 of this embodiment issues instructions of data h3 (LFC control output command) to area supply and demand adjustment devices 2 arranged in multiple areas. The wide-area supply and demand adjustment device 5 operates and performs calculations in the following procedure.

[0098] The program processing executed by the netting unit 51 of the wide-area supply and demand adjustment device 5 may be referred to as the netting step, the procedure may be referred to as the netting procedure, the program processing executed by the control share calculation unit 52 of the wide-area supply and demand adjustment device 5 may be referred to as the control share calculation step or calculation step, the procedure may be referred to as the control share calculation procedure or calculation procedure, the program processing executed by each power supply command creation unit 53 of the wide-area supply and demand adjustment device 5 may be referred to as the command creation step, and the procedure may be referred to as the command creation procedure.

[0099] (Step S51: Netting step) The netting unit 51 calculates the total amount of adjustment for the entire area to be controlled based on the data f1 (AR value), and sets the calculated amount as data h1 (AR value after netting). The data f1 (AR value) is the power requested for each area to be controlled, and is calculated by the area supply and demand adjustment device 2 of each area. The operation of the netting unit 51 is realized by a netting step S51.

[0100] (Step S52: Control allocation calculation step) The control share calculation unit 52 calculates data h2 (control share) by allocating the total amount of data h1 (AR value after netting), which is the adjustment amount for the entire area calculated by the netting unit 51, to each area to be controlled. Data h2 (control share) is calculated as the control share for each area and the control share for each generator 91 in each area.

[0101] The control share calculation unit 52 allocates the imbalance, which is the difference between the currently supplied power and the requested power, based on the adjustment capacity, which is the surplus power that the generators 91 in the area can generate, and calculates the control share of each area and the control share of each generator 91 in the area as data h2 (control share amount). The operation of the control share calculation unit 52 is realized by a control share calculation step S52.

[0102] (Step S53: Power supply command generation step) Each power supply command creation unit 53 creates data h3 (LFC control output command) which is a command value for each area based on data h2 (control share amount) calculated by the control share amount calculation unit 52. Data h2 (control share amount) is calculated by the control share amount calculation unit 52 as the control share amount for each area and the control share amount for each generator 91 in each area. The operation of each power supply command creation unit 53 is realized by each power supply command creation step S53.

[0103] The wide-area supply and demand adjustment device 5 according to this embodiment allocates an adjustment amount for the imbalance after netting for all areas to each area and each power generator 91 based on the area demand (AR) from each of a plurality of areas. Figure 8 shows an overview of the wide-area LFC model.

[0104] The control share calculation unit 52 of the wide-area supply and demand adjustment device 5 in this embodiment allocates the imbalance, which is the difference between the currently supplied power and the requested power, based on the merit order that indicates the relationship between the requested power and the power price, to calculate the control share for each generator 91 in the area, and creates data h2 (control share).

[0105] The control share calculation unit 52 calculates a weighting coefficient defined by a function that increases the value as the price of electricity becomes cheaper when increasing the power output, and increases the value as the price of electricity becomes more expensive when decreasing the power output, and calculates the control share amount based on the calculated weighting coefficient.

[0106] The weighting coefficient may be a function that combines a function that is directly proportional to the power price and a function that is directly proportional to the inverse of the power price, or a function that is based on the difference between a preset reference price and the power price.

[0107] In the wide-area supply and demand adjusting device 5 according to this embodiment, the adjustment amount is distributed by the following process. (1) The netting unit 51 of the wide-area supply and demand adjustment device 5 calculates the regional demand amount (AR) for each area based on data f1 (AR value), calculates the total adjustment amount for the entire area to be controlled, and sets this as data h1 (AR value after netting). (2) The control allocation calculation unit 52 of the wide-area supply and demand adjustment device 5 allocates the total amount of adjustment for the entire area related to data h1 (AR value after netting) in a merit order. The control allocation calculation unit 52 calculates the allocation amount for each area and sets it as data h2 (control allocation amount). (3) Each power supply command creation unit 53 of the wide-area supply and demand adjustment device 5 creates data h3 (LFC control output command), which is a command value for each area, based on the data h2 (control share amount) calculated by the control share amount calculation unit 52, and transmits it to the area supply and demand adjustment device 2 of each area. (4) The area supply and demand adjustment device 2 in each area issues a command to allocate the command value related to data h3 (LFC control output command) transmitted from the wide-area supply and demand adjustment device 5 to each power generator 91 in each area. When the planned power generation value is used as the reference, the adjustment amount related to data h1 (AR value after netting) is allocated to the planned power generation value, and when the current output is used as the reference, the adjustment amount related to data h1 (AR value after netting) is allocated to the current output. (5) If an abnormality is detected in part of an area in a wide area, the area supply and demand adjustment device 2 in each area selects data f3 (AR distribution value) instead of data h3 (LFC control output command) using the switching unit 34, and allocates the adjustment amount on an area-by-area basis based on data f3 (AR distribution value).

[0108] The adjustment amount for data h1 (AR value after netting) is allocated based on the planned power generation value, which is the planned value of the power generation amount, or the current output of the power generation amount. Figure 9 shows a block diagram that schematically shows the calculation in the control allocation amount calculation unit 52 of the wide-area supply and demand adjusting device 5. The generator 91 that is the target of LFC may be called an LFC generator.

[0109] The value (ΔP') after considering the change amount constraint between control periods from the LFC allocation amount (ΔP) is the power generation plan value (P PLAN ), or the current output of power generation (P NOW ), and a command value related to data h3 (LFC control output command) is calculated by each power supply command creation unit 53. Each power supply command creation unit 53 transmits the command value for the generator 91 in each area as data h3 (LFC control output command) to the LFC control output command receiving unit 33 of the area supply and demand adjustment device 2 in each area.

[0110] The following describes the process of allocating data h1 (post-netting AR value), which is the imbalance after netting, to each LFC generator according to merit order. The process of allocating to each LFC generator (generator 91) may be either [allocation based on price ratio] or [allocation based on price difference ratio].

[0111] If the imbalance (AR) is large, the allocation amount (ΔP) allocated to each LFC generator may exceed the output change capacity of each LFC generator. In this case, the process of allocating data h1 (AR value after netting) to each LFC generator (generator 91) is performed according to the following [Allocation based on the magnitude of the generator's output reserve capacity].

[0112] [Price ratio allocation] The control share calculation unit 52 allocates the imbalance to the multiple areas in accordance with merit order by calculation in which the contribution of each area is set using a weighting coefficient Wi based on the price ratio. The allocation may be to calculate the control share of each of the multiple areas, or to calculate the control share of each generator 91 in the multiple areas.

[0113] The control allocation calculation unit 52 calculates the weighting coefficient Wi of the allocation using (Equation 2).

number

[0114] In (Equation 2), VCi is a function of the electricity price of each LFC generator. The allocation amount to each LFC generator is calculated by multiplying data f1 (AR value) by Wi, as AR × Wi. The current output of power generation (P NOW ) data a1 (generator power generation value), or the planned value of the power generation amount of the generator 91 (power generation planned value) (P PLAN ) is added to data g1 (real-time EDC value) (BG planned value), and data h3 (LFC control output command) is created.

[0115] It is preferable to set VCi so that it increases the lower the price when an upward command is issued, and increases the higher the price when a downward command is issued. If the market price is applied as is, the ratio increases the higher the price when a downward command is issued, which is preferable, but the ratio decreases the lower the price when an upward command is issued, so it is necessary to adjust the price when an upward command is issued. Here, the following price-based function is used:

number

number

[0116] The weighting coefficient Wi applied to (Equation 2) using (Equation 3) and (Equation 4) is a function that combines a function directly proportional to the electricity price and a function directly proportional to the inverse of the electricity price. The adjustment amount for each LFC generator is calculated using (Equation 5). Adjustment amount for each LFC generator = Imbalance (AR) × Wi ...(Formula 5) The adjustment amount according to (Equation 5) is added to the current output or planned output (BG planned value) to create data h3 (LFC control output command).

[0117] By calculating data h3 (LFC control output command) using the above (Equation 2) to (Equation 5), more commands are sent to generators with low electricity prices when increasing commands, and more commands are sent to generators with high electricity prices when decreasing commands. This allows for economical power supply and demand adjustment.

[0118] [Allocation by price difference ratio] The control share calculation unit 52 allocates the imbalance to the multiple areas in accordance with merit order by calculation in which the degree of contribution of each is set by a weighting coefficient Wi based on the price difference ratio. The allocation may be to calculate the control share of each of the multiple areas, or to calculate the control share of each generator 91 in the multiple areas.

[0119] The control share calculation unit 52 calculates the weighting coefficient Wi of the allocation using (Equation 6).

number

[0120] In (Equation 6), VCi is a function of the price of each LFC generator. The allocation amount to each LFC generator is calculated by multiplying data f1 (AR value) by Wi, as AR × Wi. The current output of power generation (P NOW ) data a1 (generator power generation value), or the planned value of the power generation amount of the generator 91 (power generation planned value) (P PLAN ) is added to data g1 (real-time EDC value) (BG planned value), and data h3 (LFC control output command) is created.

[0121] It is preferable that VCi be set so that it increases as the price decreases when an upward command is issued, and increases as the price increases when an downward command is issued. Here, the following function based on the price difference is used:

number

number

[0122] In (Equation 7) and (Equation 8), N is the number of LFC generators used, V MAX is the maximum price corresponding to the current output of each LFC generator, V MIN is the minimum value. Figure 10 shows the allocation based on the price difference ratio when an order to raise or lower is issued.

[0123] The weighting coefficient Wi applied to (Equation 6) according to (Equation 7) and (Equation 8) is calculated by multiplying the preset reference price V U , V D It is a function of the difference between the reference price and the electricity price. U is the maximum price VMAX is a value that exceeds the reference price V D is the minimum price V MIN The value is less than the reference price V U , base price V D may be a value arbitrarily determined based on past supply-demand adjustments. The adjustment amount for each LFC generator is calculated using (Equation 9). Adjustment amount for each LFC generator = Imbalance (AR) × Wi ...(Formula 9) The adjustment amount according to (Equation 9) is added to the current output or planned output (BG planned value) to create data h3 (LFC control output command).

[0124] By calculating data h3 (LFC control output command) using (Equation 6) to (Equation 9), more commands are sent to generators 91 with low electricity prices when increasing commands are issued, and more commands are sent to generators 91 with high electricity prices when decreasing commands are issued. This allows for economical adjustment of power supply and demand.

[0125] An example of adjustment costs used in the merit order method is shown in Figure 11. As shown in Figure 11, adjustment costs are set discretely and in steps with respect to the output of the generator 91. Furthermore, there are two adjustment costs with respect to the output: an upward adjustment (V1) price and a downward adjustment (V2) price.

[0126] [Distribution based on the magnitude of generator output reserve capacity] According to the above, the imbalance is distributed to multiple areas based on price. As a result, bids are concentrated on generators 91 with low prices per unit of power, and the generators 91 to which bids are concentrated may be requested to output power that exceeds the upper limit of their output range. On the other hand, generators 91 with high prices per unit of power may be requested to output power that falls below the lower limit of their output range. In the power grid of each area, generators 91, which are adjustment power sources for adjusting supply and demand, cannot output large amounts of power that exceed the upper limit of their output range or small amounts of power that are below the lower limit of their output range.

[0127] When a command is given to generator 91, which serves as the regulating power source for each area's power system, to output power that exceeds a specified output range, generator 91 cannot output power that exceeds the specified range, which creates the problem of making it difficult to perform appropriate power control.

[0128] In order to solve the above problem, the control share calculation unit 52 executes a process to reduce the issuance of commands to the generators 91, which are regulated power sources, to output power exceeding a predetermined output range. The control share calculation unit 52 calculates the control share (data h2 (control share)) for each generator 91 based on a determination based on the magnitude of the output margin required for the current output of the generators 91 that are candidates for control.

[0129] The control burden calculation unit 52 determines the amount of output reserve based on the difference between the current output of the generator 91 that is a candidate for control and the upper output limit, or the difference between the current output and the lower output limit, and calculates data h2 (control burden amount), which is the control burden amount for each generator 91.

[0130] The process for calculating the control share amount (data h2 (control share amount)) based on the judgment of the magnitude of the output margin may be any of the following [Process 1-1: Process for excluding generators 91 that are outputting power within a predetermined range from the upper and lower limits], [Process 1-2: Process for executing Process 1-1 if the quantity of generators 91 that are candidates for regulating power sources is equal to or greater than a predetermined ratio], and [Process 1-3: Process for executing Process 1-1 if the cumulative time of the generator 91 as a regulating power source is equal to or greater than a predetermined time]. These processes are executed in the control share amount calculation step of step S52 in the program shown in FIG. 4.

[0131] [Process 1-1: Process of excluding generators 91 that are outputting power within a predetermined range from the upper and lower limits] The control share calculation unit 52 determines that a generator 91 whose difference between the current output and the upper output limit or the difference between the current output and the lower output limit is equal to or smaller than a threshold value is a generator 91 with a small output margin.

[0132] The control share calculation unit 52 calculates data h2 (control share amount), which is the control share amount for each generator 91, by excluding generators 91 that are candidates for control targets whose difference between the current output and the upper output limit or the difference between the current output and the lower output limit is below a threshold value.

[0133] When the difference between the current output and the upper output limit of a generator 91 that is a candidate for an adjustable power source becomes equal to or smaller than a threshold, or when the difference between the current output and the lower output limit becomes equal to or smaller than a threshold, the control share calculation unit 52 sets the weighting coefficient Wi in (Equation 2) or (Equation 6) to 0. This excludes generators 91 that are outputting power within a predetermined range from the upper or lower limit from being candidates for an adjustable power source. This prevents the imbalance from being allocated to a generator 91 whose output is approaching the upper or lower limit.

[0134] (If netting AR is positive) If the netting AR (data h1 (post-netting AR value) created by the netting unit 51) is positive, the control allocation calculation unit 52 performs the following process. If netting AR>0 and (output upper limit i - current output i)<upper limit threshold i, The weighting coefficient Wi=0. If netting AR>0 and (output upper limit i - current output i) ≥ upper limit threshold i, The weighting coefficient Wi is calculated by (Equation 2) or (Equation 6). The upper threshold i is set arbitrarily in advance.

[0135] (If netting AR is negative) When the netting AR (data h1 (post-netting AR value) created by the netting unit 51) is negative, the control allocation calculation unit 52 performs the following process. If netting AR<0 and (current output i - output lower limit i)< lower limit threshold i, The weighting coefficient Wi=0. If netting AR<0 and (current output i - output lower limit i) ≥ lower limit threshold i, The weighting coefficient Wi is calculated by (Equation 2) or (Equation 6). The lower threshold i is set arbitrarily in advance.

[0136] [Process 1-2: Process 1-1 is executed when the quantity of generators 91 that are candidates for regulating power sources is equal to or greater than a predetermined ratio] When the quantity of generators 91 that are candidates for control relative to the quantity of all generators 91 in the area is equal to or greater than a predetermined ratio, the control burden calculation unit 52 calculates data h2, which is the control burden for each generator 91, by excluding generators 91 that are candidates for control whose difference between the current output and the upper output limit or the difference between the current output and the lower output limit is equal to or less than a threshold value.

[0137] In order to reduce the concentration of output burden on a specific generator 91 in the area, the control burden calculation unit 52 executes the above process 1-1 when the quantity of generators 91 that are candidates for control relative to the quantity of all generators 91 in the area is equal to or greater than a predetermined ratio.

[0138] The control share calculation unit 52 executes the above process 1-1, which excludes generators 91 that are outputting power within a predetermined range from the upper and lower limits, when the quantity of generators 91 that are candidates for regulating power sources relative to the quantity of all generators 91 in the area is equal to or greater than a predetermined ratio.

[0139] (When the quantity of generator 91, a candidate for regulating power supply, is A% or more and the netting AR is positive) If the quantity of generators 91 that are candidates for regulating power sources relative to the quantity of all generators 91 in the area is equal to or greater than a predetermined ratio A%, and if the netting AR (data h1 (AR value after netting) created by the netting unit 51) is positive, the control share calculation unit 52 performs the following processing. If netting AR>0 and (output upper limit i - current output i)<upper limit threshold i, The weighting coefficient Wi=0. If netting AR>0 and (output upper limit i - current output i) ≥ upper limit threshold i, The weighting coefficient Wi is calculated by (Equation 2) or (Equation 6). A, which is the ratio of the number of generators 91 that are candidates for regulating power sources to the number of all generators 91 in the area, is set arbitrarily in advance. Also, the upper limit threshold i is set arbitrarily in advance.

[0140] (When the quantity of generator 91, a candidate for regulating power supply, is A% or more and the netting AR is negative) If the quantity of generators 91 that are candidates for regulating power sources relative to the quantity of all generators 91 in the area is equal to or greater than a predetermined ratio A%, and if the netting AR (data h1 (AR value after netting) created by the netting unit 51) is negative, the control share calculation unit 52 performs the following processing. If netting AR<0 and (current output i - output lower limit i)< lower limit threshold i, The weighting coefficient Wi=0. If netting AR<0 and (current output i - output lower limit i) ≥ lower limit threshold i, The weighting coefficient Wi is calculated by (Equation 2) or (Equation 6). A, which is the ratio of the number of generators 91 that are candidates for regulating power sources to the number of all generators 91 in the area, is set arbitrarily in advance. Also, the lower limit threshold i is set arbitrarily in advance.

[0141] (When the quantity of generator 91, a candidate for regulating power supply, is less than A%) If the number of generators 91 that are candidates for regulating power sources relative to the number of all generators 91 in the area is less than a predetermined ratio A%, the weighting coefficient Wi is calculated using (Equation 2) or (Equation 6).

[0142] In the above, the control share calculation unit 52 executes the above process 1-1 to exclude generators 91 that are outputting power within a predetermined range from the upper and lower limits when the quantity of generators 91 that are candidates for regulating power sources relative to the quantity of all generators 91 in the area is equal to or greater than a predetermined ratio A%, but it may not execute the above process 1-1 when the quantity is less than a predetermined ratio B%.

[0143] [Process 1-3: Process 1-1 is executed if the cumulative time of the generator 91 as a regulated power source is equal to or longer than a predetermined time] The control share calculation unit 52 calculates the control share data h2 (control share amount) for each generator 91 by excluding generators 91 that are candidates for control targets, for which the accumulated time during which the adjustment amount for the area related to data h1 (AR value after netting) has been allocated and power has been output is equal to or longer than a predetermined time, and the difference between the current output and the upper output limit or the difference between the current output and the lower output limit is equal to or less than a threshold value.

[0144] In order to reduce the concentration of output burden on a specific generator 91 in the area, the control share calculation unit 52 executes the above process 1-1, excluding generators 91 for which the accumulated time for which the area adjustment amount related to data h1 (AR value after netting) has been allocated and power has been output is equal to or longer than a predetermined time.

[0145] The control burden calculation unit 52 executes the above-mentioned process 1-1, which excludes generators 91 that are outputting power within a predetermined range from the upper and lower limits, if the accumulated time that the generators 91 have output power as regulated power sources is equal to or longer than a predetermined time.

[0146] (When the cumulative time of generator 91 as a regulated power source is C hours or more and the netting AR is positive) If the cumulative time that the generator 91, which is a candidate for an adjustable power source, has output power as an adjustable power source is C hours or more, and if the netting AR (data h1 (AR value after netting) created by the netting unit 51) is positive, the control share calculation unit 52 performs the following processing. If netting AR>0 and (output upper limit i - current output i)<upper limit threshold i, The weighting coefficient Wi=0. If netting AR>0 and (output upper limit i - current output i) ≥ upper limit threshold i, The weighting coefficient Wi is calculated by (Equation 2) or (Equation 6). The cumulative time C during which the generator 91 outputs power as a regulated power supply is set arbitrarily in advance, and the upper limit threshold i is set arbitrarily in advance.

[0147] (When the accumulated time of generator 91 as a regulated power source is C hours or more and the netting AR is negative) If the cumulative time that the generator 91, which is a candidate for an adjustable power source, has output power as an adjustable power source is C hours or more, and if the netting AR (data h1 (AR value after netting) created by the netting unit 51) is negative, the control share calculation unit 52 performs the following processing. If netting AR<0 and (current output i - output lower limit i)< lower limit threshold i, The weighting coefficient Wi=0. If netting AR<0 and (current output i - output lower limit i) ≥ lower limit threshold i, The weighting coefficient Wi is calculated by (Equation 2) or (Equation 6). The cumulative time C during which the generator 91 outputs power as a regulated power supply is set arbitrarily in advance, and the lower limit threshold i is set arbitrarily in advance.

[0148] (When the cumulative time of generator 91 as a regulated power source is less than C hours) When the cumulative time that the generator 91, which is a candidate for a regulated power supply, has output power as a regulated power supply is less than C hours, the weighting coefficient Wi is calculated using (Equation 2) or (Equation 6).

[0149] In the above, the control share calculation unit 52 executes the above process 1-1 to exclude generators 91 that are outputting power within a predetermined range from the upper and lower limits when the cumulative time that the generator 91 that is a candidate for an adjustable power source has output power as an adjustable power source is C hours or more. However, if the predetermined cumulative time is less than D hours, the control share calculation unit 52 may not execute the above process 1-1.

[0150] The above is the operation of the power supply and demand adjustment system 1 according to this embodiment.

[0151] [1-3.Effects] (1) According to this embodiment, the wide-area supply and demand adjustment device 5, which is an electric power supply and demand adjustment device, includes a control share calculation unit 52 that calculates a control share (data h2 (control share)) for each generator 91 in an area based on an adjustment amount (data h1 (post-netting AR value)) for the electric power (AR value) requested for the area to be controlled, and a power source command creation unit 53 that creates a command value (data h3 (LFC control output command)) for each generator 91 based on the control share (data h2 (control share)) for each generator 91 calculated by the control share calculation unit 52. The control share calculation unit 52 calculates the control share (data h2 (control share)) for each generator 91 based on a determination of the magnitude of the output margin for the current output of the generator 91 that is a candidate for control. This makes it possible to provide an electric power supply and demand adjustment device that can ensure the output margin of the generator 91, which is a power source, and can efficiently and economically adjust electric power supply and demand.

[0152] (2) According to this embodiment, the control share calculation unit 52 of the wide-area supply and demand adjustment device 5, which is an electric power supply and demand adjustment device, determines the magnitude of the output surplus based on the difference between the current output of the generator 91, which is a candidate for control, and the output upper limit, or the difference between the current output and the output lower limit, and calculates the control share (data h2 (control share)) for each generator 91. This makes it possible to reduce the number of times that a command is issued to the generator 91, which is a power source, to output power that exceeds the output upper limit or the output lower limit. This makes it possible to secure electric power surplus in the area and stabilize the electric power system.

[0153] (3) According to this embodiment, the control share calculation unit 52 of the wide-area supply and demand adjustment device 5, which is an electric power supply and demand adjustment device, calculates the control share (data h2 (control share)) for each generator 91, excluding generators 91 that are candidates for control targets whose difference between the current output and the upper output limit or the difference between the current output and the lower output limit is below a threshold value. Therefore, it is possible to issue a command to the generators 91 to output electric power, excluding generators 91 with low output reserve capacity.

[0154] The control share calculation unit 52 determines that a generator 91 whose difference between the current output and the upper output limit or the difference between the current output and the lower output limit is equal to or less than a threshold value is a generator 91 with a small output reserve. By calculating the control share (data h2 (control share)) while excluding the generator 91 with a small output reserve, it is possible to prevent issuing a command to the generator 91 to output power that exceeds the upper output limit or the lower output limit, and to stabilize the power system.

[0155] (4) According to this embodiment, when the quantity of generators 91 that are candidates for control relative to the quantity of all generators 91 in the area is equal to or greater than a predetermined ratio, the control share calculation unit 52 of the wide-area supply and demand adjustment device 5, which is an electricity supply and demand adjustment device, calculates the control share (data h2 (control share)) for each generator 91, excluding generators 91 that are candidates for control whose difference between the current output and the upper output limit or the difference between the current output and the lower output limit is equal to or less than a threshold value.Therefore, it is possible to issue a command to the generators 91 to output power, excluding generators 91 with low output reserve capacity.

[0156] The control share calculation unit 52 determines that the area has a small output reserve capacity of the generators 91 if the number of generators 91 that are candidates for control relative to the number of all generators 91 in the area is less than a predetermined ratio.

[0157] The control share calculation unit 52 can issue a command to generators 91 in an area where the number of generators 91 that are candidates for control relative to the number of all generators 91 in the area is equal to or greater than a predetermined ratio and where the output reserve capacity of the generators 91 is not small, to output power corresponding to the control share (data h2 (control share)), thereby stabilizing the power system.

[0158] (5) According to this embodiment, the control share calculation unit 52 of the wide-area supply and demand adjustment device 5, which is an electricity supply and demand adjustment device, calculates the control share (data h2 (control share)) for each generator 91, excluding generators 91 that are candidates for control targets for which the accumulated time during which the area adjustment amount (data h1 (AR value after netting)) has been allocated and electricity has been output is equal to or longer than a predetermined time, and the difference between the current output and the upper output limit or the difference between the current output and the lower output limit is equal to or less than a threshold value. This reduces the concentration of the output burden on specific generators 91 in the area.

[0159] The control share calculation unit 52 determines that a generator 91 for which the area adjustment amount (data h1 (AR value after netting)) has been allocated and the accumulated time for which it has output power is longer than a predetermined time is a generator 91 on which the output burden is concentrated.

[0160] The control share calculation unit 52 excludes generators 91 with concentrated output burdens, for which the accumulated time for which the area adjustment amount (data h1 (AR value after netting)) has been allocated and power has been output is equal to or longer than a predetermined time, and issues commands to the generators 91 in the area to output power corresponding to the control share amount (data h2 (control share amount)), thereby making it possible to reduce the concentration of output burdens on specific generators 91 and stabilize the power system.

[0161] [2. Second Embodiment] [2-1. Composition and Function] An explanation will be given of an electric power supply and demand adjustment system 1 according to the second embodiment. The configuration of the electric power supply and demand adjustment system 1 according to the second embodiment is the same as the configuration of the electric power supply and demand adjustment system 1 according to the first embodiment. The electric power supply and demand adjustment system 1 according to the second embodiment differs from the electric power supply and demand adjustment system 1 according to the first embodiment in the calculation by the control share calculation unit 52 of the wide-area supply and demand adjustment device 5.

[0162] The following describes operations that differ from those of the power supply and demand adjustment system 1 according to the first embodiment. Explanations of operations that are the same as those of the power supply and demand adjustment system 1 according to the first embodiment will be omitted.

[0163] In the electricity supply and demand adjustment system 1 according to the first embodiment, the control share calculation unit 52 of the wide-area supply and demand adjustment device 5 excludes from the regulated power source any generator 91 for which the difference between the current output and the upper or lower output limit is equal to or less than a threshold. In the first embodiment, the control share calculation unit 52 allocates the netting AR (data h1 (AR value after netting)) to the generators 91 excluding the generators 91 excluded from the regulated power source, and calculates data h2 (control share).

[0164] However, if the generator 91 whose difference between the current output and the upper or lower output limit is below a threshold is simply excluded from the regulated power source and data h2 (control allocation amount) is calculated, there is a possibility that not all of the netting AR (data h1 (AR value after netting)) will be allocated to the generator 91. The netting AR (data h1 (AR value after netting)) that is not allocated to the generator 91 will remain as a control remainder, and there is a possibility that appropriate power control will not be performed.

[0165] Furthermore, if the priority ranking for making generator 91 the regulating power source is based on the power price ratio or price difference ratio, the netting AR will be allocated to generator 91 based on the price ranking, which may result in a decrease in regulating capacity and a deterioration in control performance.

[0166] In the electricity supply and demand adjustment system 1 according to the second embodiment, the control share calculation unit 52 of the wide-area supply and demand adjustment device 5 allocates the netting AR (data h1 (AR value after netting)) to the generator 91, which is an adjustment power source, according to the difference between the current output and the upper or lower output limit, and calculates data h2 (control share).

[0167] The control burden calculation unit 52 determines the amount of output reserve based on the difference between the current output of the generator 91 that is a candidate for control and the upper output limit, or the difference between the current output and the lower output limit, and calculates data h2 (control burden amount), which is the control burden amount for each generator 91.

[0168] The control share calculation unit 52 determines the size of the output reserve capacity based on the difference between the current output and the upper output limit or the difference between the current output and the lower output limit, allocates the adjustment amount to data h1 (AR value after netting), and selects whether to add it to the power generation plan value of the generator 91 that is a candidate for control or to add it to the current output, thereby calculating data h2 (control share amount), which is the control share amount for each generator 91.

[0169] The control share calculation unit 52 determines that a generator 91 whose difference between the current output and the upper output limit or the difference between the current output and the lower output limit is equal to or smaller than a threshold value is a generator 91 with a small output margin.

[0170] The control share calculation unit 52 allocates an adjustment amount to data h1 (AR value after netting) to generators 91 that are candidates for control, where the difference between the current output and the upper output limit or the difference between the current output and the lower output limit is less than or equal to a threshold, and adds this to the power generation plan value of the generators 91 that are candidates for control, thereby calculating the control share (data h2 (control share)) for each generator 91.

[0171] The control share calculation unit 52 allocates an adjustment amount to data h1 (AR value after netting) to generators 91 that are candidates for control, where the difference between the current output and the upper output limit or the difference between the current output and the lower output limit is not less than a threshold, and adds this to the current output of the generators 91 that are candidates for control, thereby calculating the control share (data h2 (control share)) for each generator 91.

[0172] The control share calculation unit 52 switches the allocation standard for allocating the netting AR to the generator 91 depending on the difference between the current output and the upper or lower output limit. The allocation standard is switched to a planned value standard based on the planned value of the output power of the generator 91, or a current value standard based on the current output, by the following processing. The control share calculation unit 52 allocates the netting AR to the generator 91 based on the switched planned value standard or current value standard, and calculates data h2 (control share amount). These processes are executed by the program shown in FIG. 12. The program shown in FIG. 12 is executed in the control share calculation step of step S52 in FIG. 4.

[0173] [Process 2-1: If the difference with the output upper limit is less than the threshold, allocate the adjustment power to the power generation plan value] If the difference between the current output of the generator 91 and the upper output limit is equal to or less than the threshold M, the control allocation amount calculation unit 52 allocates the netting AR (data h1 (post-netting AR value)), which is the adjustment capability, to the power generation plan value.

[0174] For example, the threshold value M may be determined by the following equation (10): where α may be an arbitrarily set numerical value. Threshold M = (output upper limit - current output) × α [%] ...(Formula 10)

[0175] The control share calculation unit 52 calculates the target command value m using the following (Equation 11) based on a planned value standard in which the planned value of the output power of the generator 91 is used as a standard. Target command value m = power generation plan value + AR distribution value ...(Formula 11)

[0176] The control burden calculation unit 52 sets the calculated target command value m as data h2 (control burden). Each power supply command creation unit 53 creates data h3 (LFC control output command) which is a command value for each area based on the data h2 (control burden) calculated by the control burden calculation unit 52.

[0177] The control share calculation unit 52 executes the above process 2-1 in order to prevent the generator 91, which is outputting power close to its upper output limit, from outputting a larger amount of power.

[0178] [Process 2-2: If the difference with the lower limit of output is less than the threshold, allocate the adjustment power to the planned power generation value] If the difference between the current output of the generator 91 and the output lower limit is equal to or less than the threshold N, the control allocation amount calculation unit 52 allocates the netting AR (data h1 (post-netting AR value)), which is the adjustment capability, to the power generation plan value.

[0179] For example, the threshold value N may be determined by the following (Equation 12): β may be an arbitrarily set numerical value. Threshold N = (current output - upper limit) x β [%] ...(Formula 12)

[0180] The control share calculation unit 52 calculates the target command value n using the following (Equation 13) based on a planned value standard in which the planned value of the output power of the generator 91 is used as a standard. Target command value n = power generation plan value + AR distribution value ...(Formula 13)

[0181] The control burden calculation unit 52 sets the calculated target command value n as data h2 (control burden). Each power supply command creation unit 53 creates data h3 (LFC control output command) which is a command value for each area based on the data h2 (control burden) calculated by the control burden calculation unit 52.

[0182] The control share calculation unit 52 executes the above process 2-2 to reduce the power output of the generator 91, which is outputting power close to the lower limit of output, from being reduced.

[0183] [Process 2-3: If the difference between the upper and lower limits of output is not below the threshold, allocate adjustment power to the current output] The control share calculation unit 52 allocates the netting AR (data h1 (AR value after netting)), which is the adjustment capacity, to the current output when the difference between the current output of the generator 91 and the upper output limit is not equal to or less than the threshold M and when the difference between the current output of the generator 91 and the lower output limit is not equal to or less than the threshold N.

[0184] The control share calculation unit 52 calculates the target command value k using the following (Equation 14) based on a current value reference with the current output of the output power of the generator 91 as the reference. Target command value k = current output + AR distribution value ...(Formula 14)

[0185] The control burden calculation unit 52 sets the calculated target command value k as data h2 (control burden). Each power supply command creation unit 53 creates data h3 (LFC control output command) which is a command value for each area based on the data h2 (control burden) calculated by the control burden calculation unit 52.

[0186] [Process 2-4: Select the planned value standard or the current value standard based on the difference between the current output and the planned power generation value] The control share calculation unit 52 allocates an adjustment amount to the data h1 (AR value after netting) to the generators 91 that are candidates for control, where the difference between the current output and the power generation plan value is less than or equal to the threshold value γ, and adds this to the current output of the generators 91 that are candidates for control, thereby calculating control share data h2 (control share amount) for each generator 91.

[0187] The control share calculation unit 52 allocates an adjustment amount to the data h1 (AR value after netting) to the generators 91 that are candidates for control, where the difference between the current output and the power generation plan value is not equal to or less than the threshold value γ, and adds this to the power generation plan value of the generators 91 that are candidates for control, thereby calculating control share data h2 (control share amount) for each generator 91.

[0188] When the difference between the current output of the generator 91 and the planned power generation value is equal to or smaller than the threshold value γ, the control share calculation unit 52 switches the allocation standard from a planned value standard based on the planned value of the output power of the generator 91 to a current value standard based on the current output, and calculates the target command value k. The control share calculation unit 52 calculates the target command value k using (Equation 14) based on the current value standard.

[0189] The control allocation calculation unit 52 makes a determination based on whether the following (Equation 15) is satisfied. |Current output - planned power generation value|≦γ [MW] ...(Formula 15)

[0190] The control burden calculation unit 52 sets the calculated target command value k as data h2 (control burden). Each power supply command creation unit 53 creates data h3 (LFC control output command) which is a command value for each area based on the data h2 (control burden) calculated by the control burden calculation unit 52.

[0191] FIG. 13 is a diagram showing the timing at which the control share calculation unit 52 switches the allocation standard between the planned value standard and the current value standard.

[0192] Figure 13(a) shows the amount of LFC operation already performed for data g3 (amount of LFC operation already performed) against time. The amount of LFC operation already performed is the difference between the current output and the planned power generation value. The amount of LFC operation already performed is the amount (MW) of secondary control reserve (S-FRR) activated in Figure 16. The value obtained by adding the planned power generation value to the amount of LFC operation already performed is the current output. Figure 13(a) shows the relationship between the upper limit and threshold of the output of generator 91 for each time and the amount of LFC operation already performed.

[0193] FIG. 13(b) shows the timing when the allocation standard is switched to the planned value standard or the current value standard. In FIG. 13(b), "1" indicates that the allocation standard is the current value standard, and "0" indicates that the allocation standard is the planned value standard. The planned value standard is based on the planned value of the output power of the generator 91. The current value standard is based on the current output of the output power of the generator 91.

[0194] When the amount of LFC operation performed exceeds the threshold, the control share calculation unit 52 switches the allocation criterion from the current value criterion to the planned value criterion. As shown in Fig. 13(a), the amount of LFC operation performed exceeds the threshold at times t1 and t3, so the allocation criterion is switched from the current value criterion to the planned value criterion, as shown in Fig. 13(b).

[0195] 13(c) shows data h3 (LFC control output command) with respect to time. Data h3 (LFC control output command) is created based on data h2 (control share amount) calculated by the control share amount calculation unit 52.

[0196] 13(c), data h3 (LFC control output command) is calculated based on the current value before time t1 or t3. At times t1 and t3, the allocation standard is switched from the current value standard to the planned value standard, and the control share calculation unit 52 calculates the target command value m or the target command value n using (Equation 11) or (Equation 13) based on the planned value standard.

[0197] When the difference between the current output of the generator 91 and the power generation plan value becomes equal to or smaller than the threshold value γ, the control share calculation unit 52 switches the allocation standard from the plan value standard to the current value standard by the above-mentioned "Process 2-4." As shown in Fig. 13(c), since the difference between the current output and the power generation plan value becomes equal to or smaller than the threshold value γ at times t2 and t4, the allocation standard is switched from the plan value standard to the current value standard, as shown in Fig. 13(b).

[0198] 13(c), data h3 (LFC control output command) is calculated based on the planned value before time t2 or t4. At times t2 and t4, the allocation standard is switched from the planned value standard to the current value standard, and the control share calculation unit 52 calculates the target command value k using equation 14 based on the current value standard.

[0199] The control burden calculation unit 52 sets the calculated target command value k as data h2 (control burden). Each power supply command creation unit 53 creates data h3 (LFC control output command) which is a command value for each area based on the data h2 (control burden) calculated by the control burden calculation unit 52.

[0200] 13 has been used to explain an example of processing related to the upper output limit of the generator 91, but the control share calculation unit 52 similarly executes processing related to the lower output limit of the generator 91. When the amount of existing LFC operation falls below the lower limit threshold, the control share calculation unit 52 switches the allocation standard from the current value standard to the planned value standard.

[0201] When the difference between the current output of the generator 91 and the planned power generation value becomes equal to or less than the threshold value γ, the control share calculation unit 52 switches the allocation standard from the planned value standard to the current value standard by the above-mentioned [Process 2-4].

[0202] Through the above process, the control share calculation unit 52 switches the allocation standard from the planned value standard to the current value standard, and from the current value standard to the planned value standard. Switching the allocation standard may cause a sudden output fluctuation (hereinafter, sometimes referred to as a gap) in the target command value k, as shown in Fig. 13(c). In order to reduce this gap, the power generation amount equivalent to the gap may be allocated to the other generator 91, which is an LFC generator, at the timing when the allocation standard is switched.

[0203] By allocating the power generation amount equivalent to the gap to another power generator 91 at the timing of switching the allocation standard, it is possible to mitigate a sudden change in the supply and demand balance at the time of switching. As in the power supply and demand adjustment system 1 according to the first embodiment, the power generation amount equivalent to the gap is allocated to another power generator 91 by allocation based on the price difference, the price difference ratio, or the output change speed ratio of existing technology.

[0204] In the above process, the allocation criteria are switched based on the difference between the current output and the upper or lower limit of the output, but the allocation criteria may be switched by calculation using a weighting factor. For example, the target command value s for allocating the power generation amount corresponding to the gap to another generator 91 may be calculated using the following (Equation 16): Target command value s = η (current output + AR allocation value) + (1-η) (power generation plan value + AR allocation value) ...(Formula 16) η is a numerical value in the range of 0 to 1 and is set arbitrarily.

[0205] When η = 0, the system is based on the planned value, which is less susceptible to the price of electricity, and the amount of power generated that corresponds to the gap is not allocated to other generators 91. On the other hand, when η = 1, the system is based on the output value, which is more susceptible to the price of electricity, and the amount of power generated that corresponds to the gap is allocated to other generators 91. By appropriately selecting η within the range of 0 to 1, an appropriate amount of power generated that corresponds to the gap is allocated to other generators 91.

[0206] The control share calculation unit 52 sets the calculated target command value s as data h2 (control share). Each power supply command creation unit 53 creates data h3 (LFC control output command) which is a command value for each area based on the data h2 (control share) calculated by the control share calculation unit 52.

[0207] The configuration and operation of the power supply and demand adjustment system 1 according to this embodiment have been described above.

[0208] [2-2. Effects] (1) According to this embodiment, the control share calculation unit 52 of the wide-area supply and demand adjustment device 5, which is an electric power supply and demand adjustment device, determines the magnitude of the output surplus of the generator 91 based on the difference between the current output and the output upper limit or the difference between the current output and the output lower limit, allocates the adjustment amount (data h1 (AR value after netting)), selects whether to add it to the power generation plan value of the generator 91 that is a candidate for control or to add it to the current output, and calculates the control share (data h2 (control share)) for each generator 91, thereby reducing the concentration of the output burden on generators 91 with little output surplus. This makes it possible to secure electric power surplus in the area and stabilize the electric power system.

[0209] (2) According to this embodiment, the control share calculation unit 52 of the wide-area supply and demand adjustment device 5, which is an electricity supply and demand adjustment device, allocates an adjustment amount (data h1 (AR value after netting)) to generators 91 that are candidates for control, where the difference between the current output and the output upper limit or the difference between the current output and the output lower limit is equal to or less than a threshold, and adds the amount to the power generation plan value of the generators 91 that are candidates for control; and allocates an adjustment amount (data h1 (AR value after netting)) to generators 91 that are candidates for control, where the difference between the current output and the output upper limit or the difference between the current output and the output lower limit is not equal to or less than a threshold, and adds the amount to the current output of the generators 91 that are candidates for control, thereby calculating the control share (data h2 (control share)) for each generator 91.

[0210] The control share calculation unit 52 determines that a generator 91 whose difference between the current output and the upper output limit or the difference between the current output and the lower output limit is equal to or less than a threshold value is a generator 91 with a small output margin. The control share (data h2 (control share)) of a generator 91 with a small output margin is calculated by allocating and adding the adjustment amount (data h1 (AR value after netting)) to the power generation plan value, so that it is possible to reduce the concentration of the output burden on a specific generator 91. This makes it possible to secure a power margin in the area and stabilize the power system.

[0211] (3) According to this embodiment, the control share calculation unit 52 of the wide-area supply and demand adjustment device 5, which is an electricity supply and demand adjustment device, allocates an adjustment amount (data h1 (AR value after netting)) to generators 91 that are candidates for control, whose difference between the current output and the planned power generation value is equal to or less than a threshold, and adds it to the current output of the generators 91 that are candidates for control, and allocates an adjustment amount (data h1 (AR value after netting)) to generators 91 that are candidates for control, whose difference between the current output and the planned power generation value is not equal to or less than a threshold, and adds it to the planned power generation value of the generators 91 that are candidates for control, thereby calculating the control share (data h2 (control share)) for each generator 91.

[0212] The control share calculation unit 52 determines that a generator 91 for which the difference between the current output and the power generation plan value is not equal to or less than a threshold is a generator 91 with a small output margin. The control share (data h2 (control share)) of a generator 91 with a small output margin is calculated by allocating and adding the adjustment amount (data h1 (AR value after netting)) to the power generation plan value, so that it is possible to reduce the concentration of the output burden on a specific generator 91. This makes it possible to secure power margin in the area and stabilize the power system.

[0213] 3. Third Embodiment [3-1. Composition and Function] An explanation will be given of an electric power supply and demand adjustment system 1 according to the third embodiment. The configuration of the electric power supply and demand adjustment system 1 according to the third embodiment is the same as the configuration of the electric power supply and demand adjustment system 1 according to the first embodiment. The electric power supply and demand adjustment system 1 according to the third embodiment differs from the electric power supply and demand adjustment system 1 according to the first embodiment in the calculation by the control share calculation unit 52 of the wide-area supply and demand adjustment device 5.

[0214] The following describes operations that differ from those of the power supply and demand adjustment system 1 according to the first embodiment. Explanations of operations that are the same as those of the power supply and demand adjustment system 1 according to the first embodiment will be omitted.

[0215] In the electricity supply and demand adjustment system 1 according to the first embodiment, the control share calculation unit 52 of the wide-area supply and demand adjustment device 5 excludes from the regulated power source any generator 91 for which the difference between the current output and the upper or lower output limit is equal to or less than a threshold. In the first embodiment, the control share calculation unit 52 allocates the netting AR (data h1 (AR value after netting)) to the generators 91 excluding the generators 91 excluded from the regulated power source, and calculates data h2 (control share).

[0216] However, if the generator 91 whose difference between the current output and the upper or lower output limit is below a threshold is simply excluded from the regulated power source and data h2 (control allocation amount) is calculated, there is a possibility that not all of the netting AR (data h1 (AR value after netting)) will be allocated to the generator 91. The netting AR (data h1 (AR value after netting)) that is not allocated to the generator 91 will remain as a control remainder, and there is a possibility that appropriate power control will not be performed.

[0217] Furthermore, if the priority ranking for making generator 91 the regulating power source is based on the power price ratio or price difference ratio, the netting AR will be allocated to generator 91 based on the price ranking, which may result in a decrease in regulating capacity and a deterioration in control performance.

[0218] In the electricity supply and demand adjustment system 1 according to the third embodiment, the control share calculation unit 52 of the wide-area supply and demand adjustment device 5 switches the allocation criteria based on the relationship between the allocation value resulting from the allocation of netting AR (data h1 (AR value after netting)) to each generator 91 and the total value of the existing LFC operation amount related to data g3 (existing LFC operation amount) in the entire power system 9.

[0219] The control share calculation unit 52 determines the magnitude of the output reserve capacity based on the control share (data h2 (control share)) for the generator 91 that is a candidate for control, and whether the total difference between the current output of the generator 91 that is a candidate for control and the power generation plan value is a positive value or a negative value.

[0220] Based on the above judgment, the control share calculation unit 52 allocates the adjustment amount related to the data h1 (AR value after netting) and selects whether to add it to the power generation plan value of the generator 91 that is a candidate for control or to add it to the current output, or selects not to allocate the adjustment amount related to the data h1 (AR value after netting), and calculates the control share data h2 (control share amount) for each generator 91.

[0221] The control share calculation unit 52 determines that a generator 91 that is a candidate for control has a control share (data h2 (control share)) and a total difference between the current output of the generator 91 that is a candidate for control and the planned power generation value of the generator 91, and the control share (data h2 (control share)) for the generator 91 has a different sign, as a generator 91 with a small output reserve.

[0222] The allocation standard is switched to a planned value standard based on the planned value of the output power of the generator 91, or a current value standard based on the current output, by the following processing. The control share calculation unit 52 allocates the netting AR to the generator 91 based on the switched planned value standard or current value standard, and calculates data h2 (control share amount). These processes are executed by the program shown in Fig. 14. The program shown in Fig. 14 is executed in the control share calculation step of step S52 in Fig. 4.

[0223] [A. When comparing the distribution value of the adjustment power of each LFC generator with the total value of the existing LFC (the difference between the planned power generation value and the current output) of all LFC generators, and switching the distribution standard based on the sign] [Process 3-1: When the allocation value of the target LFC generator and the total value of the existing LFC operation amount of all LFC generators have different signs] If the allocation value of the LFC generator subject to LFC and the total value of the amount of LFC operation already performed for data g3 (amount of LFC operation already performed) of all LFC generators have opposite signs, the allocation basis shall be the planned value basis.

[0224] The control share calculation unit 52 calculates the target command value m or the target command value n using (Equation 11) or (Equation 13) based on a planned value standard using the planned value of the output power of the generator 91 as a reference.

[0225] The control burden calculation unit 52 sets the calculated target command value m as data h2 (control burden). Each power supply command creation unit 53 creates data h3 (LFC control output command) which is a command value for each area based on the data h2 (control burden) calculated by the control burden calculation unit 52.

[0226] [Process 3-2: When the allocation value of the target LFC generator and the total value of the existing LFC operation amount of all LFC generators have the same sign] If the allocation value of the LFC generator subject to LFC and the total value of the amount of LFC operation already performed for data g3 (amount of LFC operation already performed) of all LFC generators have the same sign, the allocation standard shall be the current value standard.

[0227] The control share calculation unit 52 calculates the target command value k using (Equation 14) based on the current value reference, which is based on the current output of the output power of the generator 91.

[0228] The control burden calculation unit 52 sets the calculated target command value k as data h2 (control burden). Each power supply command creation unit 53 creates data h3 (LFC control output command) which is a command value for each area based on the data h2 (control burden) calculated by the control burden calculation unit 52.

[0229] [B. When comparing the distribution value of the adjustment power of each LFC generator with the total value of the existing LFC (the difference between the planned power generation value and the current output) of all LFC generators, and switching the distribution based on the sign] [Process 4-1: When the allocation value of the target LFC generator and the total value of the existing LFC operation amount of all LFC generators have different signs] If the allocation value of the LFC generator subject to LFC and the total value of the existing LFC operation amount for data g3 (existing LFC operation amount) of all LFC generators have opposite signs, the netting AR (data h1 (AR value after netting)), which is the adjustment capacity, will not be allocated.

[0230] The control share calculation unit 52 calculates data h2 (control share) without allocating the netting AR (data h1 (AR value after netting)), which is the adjustment capacity. Each power supply command creation unit 53 creates data h3 (LFC control output command), which is a command value for each area, based on the data h2 (control share) calculated by the control share calculation unit 52.

[0231] [Process 4-2: When the allocation value of the target LFC generator and the total value of the existing LFC operation amount of all LFC generators have the same sign] If the allocation value of the LFC generator subject to LFC and the total value of the amount of LFC operation already performed for data g3 (amount of LFC operation already performed) of all LFC generators have the same sign, the allocation standard shall be the current value standard.

[0232] The control share calculation unit 52 calculates the target command value k using (Equation 14) based on the current value reference, which is based on the current output of the output power of the generator 91.

[0233] Furthermore, the control share calculation unit 52 allocates the adjustment force to the netting AR (data h1 (post-netting AR value)) not allocated in process 4-2, and adds it to (Equation 14) to obtain a new target command value k.

[0234] The allocation amount of adjustment power applied to the netting AR (data h1 (AR value after netting)) that is not allocated in process 4-2 may be calculated, for example, based on the change speed ratio of generator 91, which is an LFC generator of the same sign, or may be calculated based on the reserve power ratio of the output changeable amount.

[0235] The control burden calculation unit 52 sets the calculated target command value k as data h2 (control burden). Each power supply command creation unit 53 creates data h3 (LFC control output command) which is a command value for each area based on the data h2 (control burden) calculated by the control burden calculation unit 52.

[0236] FIG. 15 is a diagram showing the timing at which the control share calculation unit 52 switches the allocation standard between the planned value standard and the current value standard in the above-mentioned [Process 3-1] and [Process 3-2].

[0237] Figure 15(a) shows the amount of LFC operation already performed against time, and the total value of the amount of LFC operation already performed (total amount of LFC already performed) related to data g3 (amount of LFC operation already performed) in the entire power system 9. The amount of LFC operation already performed is the difference between the current output and the planned power generation value. The amount of LFC operation already performed is the amount (MW) of secondary control reserve (S-FRR) activated in Figure 16. In Figure 15(a), the total value of the amount of LFC operation already performed (total amount of LFC already performed) related to data g3 (amount of LFC operation already performed) in the entire power system 9 is shown as the remaining amount of LFC operation already performed.

[0238] FIG. 15(b) shows the timing when the allocation standard is switched to the planned value standard or the current value standard. In FIG. 15(b), "1" indicates that the allocation standard is the current value standard, and "0" indicates that the allocation standard is the planned value standard. The planned value standard is based on the planned value of the output power of the generator 91. The current value standard is based on the current output of the output power of the generator 91.

[0239] If the allocation value of the LFC generator targeted for LFC and the total value of the existing LFC operation amounts related to data g3 (existing LFC operation amounts) of all LFC generators have opposite signs, the control share calculation unit 52 sets the allocation standard to the planned value standard. The control share calculation unit 52 allocates the netting AR to the generator 91 using (Equation 11) or (Equation 13) based on the planned value standard which is based on the planned value of the output power of the generator 91, and calculates the target command value m or target command value n. The control share calculation unit 52 sets the calculated target command value m or target command value n as data h2 (control share amount).

[0240] If the allocation value of the LFC generator targeted for LFC and the total value of the existing LFC operation amounts related to data g3 (existing LFC operation amounts) of all LFC generators have the same sign, the control share calculation unit 52 sets the allocation standard to the current value standard. The control share calculation unit 52 allocates the netting AR to the generator 91 using (Equation 14) based on the current value standard, which is based on the current output of the output power of the generator 91, and calculates the target command value k. The control share calculation unit 52 sets the calculated target command value k as data h2 (control share amount).

[0241] 15(c) shows data h3 (LFC control output command) with respect to time. Data h3 (LFC control output command) is created based on data h2 (control share amount) calculated by the control share amount calculation unit 52.

[0242] The control share calculation unit 52 switches the allocation standard to the planned value standard or the current value standard, and the data h3 (LFC control output command) becomes as shown in FIG. 15(c).

[0243] The configuration and operation of the power supply and demand adjustment system 1 according to this embodiment have been described above.

[0244] [3-2. Effects] (1) According to this embodiment, the control share calculation unit 52 of the wide-area supply and demand adjustment device 5, which is an electricity supply and demand adjustment device, determines the magnitude of the output reserve capacity based on the control share (data h2 (control share)) for the generator 91 that is a candidate for control and whether the total amount of the difference between the current output of the generator 91 that is a candidate for control and the planned power generation value is a positive value or a negative value, and calculates the control share (data h2 (control share)) for each generator 91 by allocating the adjustment amount (data h1 (AR value after netting)) and selecting whether to add it to the planned power generation value or to the current output of the generator 91 that is a candidate for control, or by selecting not to allocate the adjustment amount (data h1 (AR value after netting)).

[0245] The control share calculation unit 52 determines that a generator 91 with a small output margin is one for which the control share for the generator 91 (data h2 (control share)) and the positive or negative value of the total difference between the current output of the generator 91 that is a candidate for control and the planned power generation value are different. The control share (data h2 (control share)) for a generator 91 with a small output margin can be calculated by allocating and adding the adjustment amount (data h1 (AR value after netting)) to the planned power generation value, or by not allocating the adjustment amount (data h1 (AR value after netting)). This makes it possible to ensure a power margin in the area and stabilize the power system.

[0246] 4. Other Embodiments Although embodiments including modifications have been described, these embodiments are presented as examples and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. These embodiments can be implemented in various other forms, and various omissions, substitutions, and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention. These embodiments and their modifications are included within the scope and spirit of the invention, as well as within the scope of the invention and its equivalents as set forth in the claims. The following is an example.

[0247] (1) In the above embodiment, the control share calculation unit 52 of the wide-area supply and demand adjustment device 5 executes the process for allocation based on a determination based on the magnitude of the output surplus of the generator 91. However, the AR allocation unit 26 of the area supply and demand adjustment device 2 may execute the process for allocation based on a determination based on the magnitude of the output surplus. The area supply and demand adjustment device 2 is one aspect of an electricity supply and demand adjustment device. The processes for allocation based on a determination based on the magnitude of the output surplus are processes 1-1, 1-2, and 1-3 in the first embodiment, processes 2-1, 2-2, 2-3, and 2-4 in the second embodiment, and processes 3-1, 3-2, 4-1, and 4-2 in the third embodiment.

[0248] The AR allocation unit 26 of the area supply and demand adjustment device 2 may execute processing related to allocation based on a determination of the magnitude of the output surplus capacity, based on the data f2 (smoothed AR value), and calculate the control share amount for each generator 91. The AR allocation unit 26 of the area supply and demand adjustment device 2 is one aspect of the calculation unit.

[0249] The target value creation unit 23 of the area supply and demand adjustment device 2 may create a command value for each generator 91 based on the control allocation amount for each generator 91 calculated by the AR allocation unit 26. The target value creation unit 23 of the area supply and demand adjustment device 2 is one aspect of the command creation unit.

[0250] With this configuration, the process for allocation based on the magnitude of the output surplus is carried out for each area, so that the output surplus of the generator 91 can be secured more quickly.

[0251] (2) A calculation unit may be provided in the area supply and demand adjustment device 2, and the calculation unit of the area supply and demand adjustment device 2 may execute processing related to allocation based on a determination based on the magnitude of the output surplus of the generator 91. The control share calculation unit 52 of the wide-area supply and demand adjustment device 5 may calculate the control share amount related to the data h2 (control share amount) without executing processing related to allocation based on a determination based on the magnitude of the output surplus of the generator 91, and the calculation unit of the area supply and demand adjustment device 2 may execute processing to exclude generators 91 that are outputting power within a predetermined range from the upper and lower limits related to processing 1-1, for example, based on a determination based on the magnitude of the output surplus of the generator 91.

[0252] The calculation unit of the area supply and demand adjustment device 2 may be configured to execute processes related to allocation based on a judgment of the magnitude of the generator 91's output reserve capacity, such as processes 1-1, 1-2, and 1-3 in the first embodiment, processes 2-1, 2-2, 2-3, and 2-4 in the second embodiment, and processes 3-1, 3-2, 4-1, and 4-2 in the third embodiment.

[0253] In addition, the control share calculation unit 52 of the wide-area supply and demand adjustment device 5 may perform processing related to allocation based on a judgment based on the size of the generator 91's output reserve capacity to calculate the control share amount related to data h2 (control share amount), and the calculation unit of the area supply and demand adjustment device 2 may again perform processing related to allocation based on a judgment based on the size of the generator 91's output reserve capacity.

[0254] With this configuration, the process for allocation based on the determination of the magnitude of the output surplus is performed for each area, so that the control share of the generator 91 can be calculated with higher accuracy.

[0255] (3) The process of allocating power based on the magnitude of the generator 91's output reserve capacity in the first, second, third, and other embodiments may be repeated a predetermined number of times at a predetermined interval, such as 10 seconds.

[0256] In the first, second, third and other embodiments, the process of allocation based on the magnitude of the generator 91's output surplus is performed only once, and there is a possibility that the sum of the control share amounts for each generator 91 related to data h2 (control share amount) will be insufficient for the area adjustment amount related to data h1 (post-netting AR value), resulting in a so-called control surplus. By configuring in this way, the process of allocation based on the magnitude of the generator 91's output surplus is repeatedly performed, which makes it easier to eliminate the control surplus.

[0257] (4) In the above embodiment, the generator 91 is a thermal power generator, a hydroelectric power generator, or the like. However, the generator 91 is not limited to this. The generator 91 may be a storage battery, a DR, or the like.

[0258] (5) In the above embodiment, the natural energy power generation facility 92 may be a solar power generation system, a wind power generation system, an ocean current power generation system, or a geothermal power generation system.

[0259] (6) In the above embodiment, the input unit 21 is a receiving circuit, but this is not limiting. The input unit 21 may be an input device such as a memory port or a keyboard. [Explanation of symbols]

[0260] 1. Electricity supply and demand adjustment system 2. Area supply and demand adjustment device 21, 21a, 21b, 21n... Input section 22,22a,22b,22n...output section 23, 23a, 23b, 23n... Target value creation section 24 AR calculation section 25...AR smooth part 26···AR Allocation Section 27 Real-time EDC calculation section 31 AR transmitter 32 Information transmission unit 33 LFC control output command receiver 34 Switching section 5. Wide-area supply and demand adjustment device 51 Netting Department 52 Control allocation calculation unit 53 Power supply command creation section 91, 91a, 91b, 91n... Generator 92, 92a, 92b, 92n Natural energy power generation facilities 93 Detection device 97,97a,97b,97n...Signal line 98,98a,98b,98n...Signal line

Claims

1. a calculation unit that calculates a control allocation amount for each power generator in an area based on an adjustment amount for power required for the area to be controlled; a command creation unit that creates a command value for each of the generators based on the control allocation amount for each of the generators calculated by the calculation unit, the calculation unit calculates the control allocation amount for each of the generators that are candidates for control targets based on a determination based on the magnitude of an output surplus capacity applied to a current output of the generators. Electricity supply and demand adjustment device.

2. The calculation unit determining the magnitude of the output reserve capacity based on the difference between the current output and an upper output limit or the difference between the current output and a lower output limit of the generator that is a candidate for control, and calculating the control allocation amount for each generator; The power supply and demand adjusting device according to claim 1 .

3. The calculation unit calculating the control allocation amount for each generator by excluding the generators that are candidates for control targets for which the difference between the current output and the upper output limit or the difference between the current output and the lower output limit is equal to or less than a threshold value; The power supply and demand adjusting device according to claim 2.

4. The calculation unit If the number of generators that are candidates for control targets relative to the number of all generators in the area is equal to or greater than a predetermined ratio, calculating the control allocation amount for each generator by excluding the generators that are candidates for control targets for which the difference between the current output and the upper output limit or the difference between the current output and the lower output limit is equal to or less than a threshold value; The power supply and demand adjusting device according to claim 2.

5. The calculation unit calculate the control allocation amount for each generator by excluding the generators that are candidates for control targets, for which the cumulative time during which the adjustment amount for the area has been allocated and power has been output is equal to or longer than a predetermined time, and the difference between the current output and the upper output limit or the difference between the current output and the lower output limit is equal to or smaller than a threshold value; The power supply and demand adjusting device according to claim 2.

6. The calculation unit determining the magnitude of the output surplus based on the difference between the current output and the upper output limit or the difference between the current output and the lower output limit; allocating the adjustment amount and selecting whether to add the adjustment amount to the power generation plan value of the generator that is a candidate for control or to add the adjustment amount to the current output, thereby calculating the control allocation amount for each generator; The power supply and demand adjusting device according to claim 1 .

7. The calculation unit allocating the adjustment amount to the generators that are candidates for control, where the difference between the current output and the upper output limit or the difference between the current output and the lower output limit is equal to or less than a threshold, and adding the adjustment amount to the power generation plan value of the generators that are candidates for control; allocate the adjustment amount to the generators that are candidates for control, for which the difference between the current output and the upper output limit or the difference between the current output and the lower output limit is not equal to or less than a threshold, and add the adjustment amount to the current output of the generators that are candidates for control; Calculating the control share amount for each of the generators. The power supply and demand adjusting device according to claim 6.

8. The calculation unit allocating the adjustment amount to the generators that are candidates for control, the difference between the current output and the power generation plan value being equal to or less than a threshold, and adding the adjustment amount to the current output of the generators that are candidates for control; allocating the adjustment amount to the generators that are candidates for control targets, for which the difference between the current output and the power generation plan value is not equal to or less than a threshold, and adding the adjustment amount to the power generation plan value of the generators that are candidates for control targets; Calculating a control allocation amount for each of the generators. The power supply and demand adjusting device according to claim 6.

9. The calculation unit determining the magnitude of the output surplus capacity based on whether the total amount of the control allocation for the generator that is a candidate for control and the difference between the current output of the generator that is a candidate for control and a power generation plan value is a positive value or a negative value; calculating a control allocation amount for each of the generators by allocating the adjustment amount and selecting whether to add the adjustment amount to the power generation plan value of the generator that is a candidate for control or to add the adjustment amount to the current output, or by selecting not to allocate the adjustment amount; The power supply and demand adjusting device according to claim 1 .

10. a netting unit that calculates a total amount of adjustment for the entire area to be controlled based on the power required for each of the areas to be controlled; a control allocation amount calculation unit that allocates the total amount of adjustment amounts for the entire area calculated by the netting unit to each of the areas to be controlled, and calculates a control allocation amount for each power generator in the area; each power supply command creating unit that creates a command value for each of the areas based on the control share of each of the power generators in the area calculated by the control share calculating unit; a wide-area power supply and demand adjustment device having the a target value creating unit that creates a power generation target value for the generator to be controlled based on the command value created by each of the power command creating units, and transmits the power generation target value to the generator; a plurality of area power supply and demand adjustment devices; The control share calculation unit of the wide-area power supply and demand adjustment device calculates the control share for each generator based on a determination based on the magnitude of output surplus capacity of the generator that is a candidate for control. Electricity supply and demand adjustment system.

11. On the computer, a calculation step of calculating a control allocation amount for each power generator in an area based on an adjustment amount for power required for the area to be controlled; a command generation step of generating a command value for each of the generators based on the control allocation amount for each of the generators calculated in the calculation step, the calculation step calculates the control allocation amount for each of the generators that are candidates for control targets based on a determination of the magnitude of an output surplus capacity required for a current output of the generators that are candidates for control targets; Computer program for power supply and demand adjustment equipment.

12. a calculation step of calculating a control allocation amount for each power generator in an area based on an adjustment amount for power required for the area to be controlled; a command generation step of generating a command value for each of the generators based on the control allocation amount for each of the generators calculated by the calculation step, the calculation step calculates the control allocation amount for each of the generators that are candidates for control targets based on a determination based on the magnitude of an output surplus capacity applied to a current output of the generators. Electricity supply and demand adjustment method.

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