Estimated cold weather period output device, estimated cold weather period map generation device, estimated cold weather period output program, estimated cold weather period map generation program, concrete construction method, and concrete structure manufacturing method

Abstract

To provide an estimated cold weather period output device and estimated cold weather period map generation device that estimate a cold weather period for each region with higher resolution, a program, a construction method, and a concrete structure manufacturing method.SOLUTION: An estimated cold weather period output device includes: a storage unit that stores data on an estimated cold weather period for each of multiple regions, estimated from information (I) including meteorological data including weather observation dates and temperatures on the observation dates at each of multiple weather observation points A, and a topographical factor for each of the multiple weather observation points A and the multiple regions X; a location information input unit that accepts input of information on a specific location that exists in one of the multiple regions; an extraction unit that extracts data on the estimated cold weather period for a specific region that includes the specific location; and an output unit that outputs the data on the estimated cold weather period for the specific region.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 3

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to an estimated cold weather period output device, an estimated cold weather period map generation device, an estimated cold weather period output program, an estimated cold weather period map generation program, a concrete work method, and a method for manufacturing a concrete structure. [Background technology]

[0002] In cold-weather concrete construction (hereafter referred to as "cold weather concreting"), the mix used and post-placement management are crucial factors. Low curing temperatures delay the cement hydration reaction, and concrete exposed to low temperatures has lower strength than standard-cured concrete at the same age. In particular, exposure to low temperatures during the early stages of hardening can cause initial frost damage and prevent the desired quality from being achieved. Therefore, measures such as heat curing and cover curing must be taken to ensure sufficient strength and durability in cold weather concreting. The Architectural Institute of Japan's "Standard Specifications for Construction Work and Commentary: JASS 5 Reinforced Concrete Work" (hereafter referred to as "JASS 5") specifies the applicable period for cold weather concreting (hereafter referred to as the "cold weather period") when carrying out cold weather concreting.

[0003] The cold weather period is basically set based on meteorological data from the actual construction site (the observation station closest to the construction site), but it is often not easy to obtain actual measurement data from the past. Therefore, JASS 5 provides a guideline for the cold weather period by listing the names of representative municipalities (major cities) including the locations of meteorological stations and the Japan Meteorological Agency's Regional Meteorological Observation System (AMeDAS). Furthermore, there are approximately 1,300 AMeDAS stations installed across Japan, roughly one station per 17 square kilometers, covering the entire country. Therefore, it is possible to create a cold weather period map for the whole of Japan using meteorological data observed by AMeDAS. For example, Non-Patent Document 1 uses meteorological data from 891 AMeDAS stations across Japan to show the conditions applicable to cold weather concreting work at those stations and a cold weather period map that color-codes the distribution of the cold weather periods. [Prior art documents] [Non-patent literature]

[0004] [Non-Patent Document 1] Takayuki Fukase, Madoka Taniguchi, Yukio Hama, "Considerations on the climatic characteristics affecting cold weather concreting work", Architectural Institute of Japan Technical Report, October 2019, Vol. 25, No. 61, pp. 1039-1044 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0005] As mentioned above, JASS 5 provides guidelines for the winter period for major cities, but none of the guidelines cover the entire prefecture. Furthermore, because JASS 5 is revised approximately every 10 years, the datasets used may be outdated, and the discrepancy with the actual winter period is expected to increase as time passes. For example, the Architectural Institute of Japan's "Guidelines and Commentary for Cold Weather Concreting" (hereinafter referred to as the "Cold Weather Guidelines") indicates the cold weather periods for two locations in Miyagi Prefecture: Sendai City and Ishinomaki City. However, because meteorological conditions are greatly influenced by geographical conditions, neither of the above cold weather periods may be an appropriate indicator for municipalities with geographical conditions significantly different from those of Sendai City or Ishinomaki City. Furthermore, even within the same city, in areas far from observation stations or areas with significantly different geographical conditions, it may not be appropriate to apply the above cold weather period guidelines as they are. Furthermore, when the cold weather period is calculated based on observed values ​​of meteorological data obtained by observation stations such as AMeDAS, the resolution of the data depends on the number of observation stations. For example, the cold weather period map shown in Non-Patent Document 1 above color-codes the distribution of cold weather periods across Japan, but does not also show specific coordinate data. Furthermore, in the cold weather period map in Non-Patent Document 1, each boundary line is simply drawn to equally divide observation stations with different cold weather periods, and it is thought that there are areas where the actual cold weather period differs.

[0006] An object of the present invention is to provide an estimated cold weather period output device and an estimated cold weather period map generation device that estimate the cold weather period for each region with higher resolution. Another object of the present invention is to provide a program that causes a computer to function as the device. Another object of the present invention is to provide a concrete work method and a method for manufacturing a concrete structure that determine whether or not concrete work should be cold weather concreting based on the above-mentioned estimated cold weather period. [Means for solving the problem]

[0007] The inventors conducted extensive research to solve the above-mentioned problems. As a result, they discovered that by using observed meteorological data for a specific region and taking into account topographical factors, etc., it is possible to estimate the cold weather period for each region with higher resolution, including regions where meteorological data is not observed. They also discovered that this can contribute to improving the efficiency of determining the cold weather period and streamlining construction planning. The present invention was completed through further research based on these findings.

[0008] That is, the above-mentioned problems of the present invention have been solved by the following means. [1] a memory unit storing data on the estimated cold weather period for each of the plurality of regions X, the data being estimated from information (I) including meteorological data including the date of meteorological observation at each of the plurality of meteorological observation points A and the temperature on the observation date, and topographical factors for each of the plurality of meteorological observation points A and the plurality of regions X; a location information input unit that accepts input of information about a specific location that exists in any one of the plurality of regions X; an extraction unit that extracts data on an estimated cold weather period for a specific region X that includes the specific location; an output unit that outputs data on the estimated cold weather period for the specific region X; An estimated cold weather period output device comprising: [2] an estimated weather data acquisition unit that acquires estimated weather data for each of the plurality of regions X estimated from information (I) including weather data including a weather observation date and a temperature on the observation date at each of a plurality of weather observation points A, and topographical factors of the plurality of weather observation points A and each of a plurality of regions X; a cold weather period calculation unit that calculates an estimated cold weather period for each of the plurality of regions X from the estimated weather data; a map generating unit that generates a map based on the calculated data of the estimated cold weather period for each of the plurality of regions X; an output unit that outputs the map; An estimated cold weather period map generating device comprising: [3] The device according to [1] or [2], wherein the information (I) includes city factors for each of the plurality of weather observation points A and the plurality of regions X. [4] The area of ​​each of the plurality of regions X is 0.1 to 16 km 2 The device according to any one of [1] to [3] above, [5] The device according to any one of [1] to [4], wherein the outer edges of adjacent regions X among the plurality of regions X are in contact with each other. [6] Each of the plurality of regions X corresponds to a mesh section of the mesh normal values ​​published by the Japan Meteorological Agency, The device according to any one of [1] to [5], wherein the estimated cold weather period is estimated or calculated based on the average daily temperature of each mesh section corresponding to each of the plurality of regions X. [7] Computer, a storage means for storing data on an estimated cold weather period for each of a plurality of regions X, the data being estimated from information (I) including meteorological data including a meteorological observation date and a temperature on the observation date at each of a plurality of meteorological observation points A, and topographical factors for each of the plurality of meteorological observation points A and a plurality of regions X; a location information input means for receiving input of information about a specific location that exists in any one of the plurality of regions X; an extraction means for extracting data on an estimated cold weather period for a specific region X in which the specific location is included; an output means for outputting data on the estimated cold weather period for the specific region X; This is an estimated cold weather period output program. [8] Computer, an estimated weather data acquisition means for acquiring estimated weather data for each of the plurality of regions X estimated from information (I) including weather data including a weather observation date and a temperature on the observation date at each of the plurality of weather observation points A, and topographical factors of the plurality of weather observation points A and each of the plurality of regions X; a cold weather period calculation means for calculating an estimated cold weather period for each of the plurality of regions X from the estimated weather data; a map generating means for generating a map based on the calculated data of the estimated cold weather period for each of the plurality of regions X; an output means for outputting the map; This is a program that generates an estimated cold weather period map. [9] The program according to [7] or [8], wherein the information (I) includes urban factors for each of the plurality of meteorological observation points A and the plurality of regions X.

[10] The area of ​​each of the plurality of regions X is 0.1 to 16 km 2 The program according to [7] or [8],

[11] The program according to any one of [7] to

[10] above, wherein the outer edges of adjacent regions X among the plurality of regions X are adjacent to each other.

[12] Each of the plurality of regions X corresponds to a mesh section of the mesh normal values ​​published by the Japan Meteorological Agency, The program according to any one of [7] to

[11] , wherein the estimated cold weather period is estimated or calculated based on the average daily temperature of each mesh section corresponding to each of the plurality of regions X.

[13] A computer-readable recording medium having the program according to any one of [7] to

[12] recorded thereon.

[13] A concrete work method comprising determining whether or not concrete work to be carried out in area B on a planned concrete pouring date is to be cold weather concreting work, based on an estimated cold weather period for area B, which is estimated from information including meteorological data including the weather observation date at meteorological observation point A and the temperature on the observation date, and topographical factors of meteorological observation point A and area B where concrete is to be poured.

[14] A method for manufacturing a concrete structure includes determining whether or not concrete work to be carried out in area B on a planned concrete pouring date will be cold weather concreting work, based on the estimated cold weather period for area B, which is estimated from information including meteorological data including the weather observation date at meteorological observation point A and the temperature on that observation date, as well as topographical factors of meteorological observation point A and area B where concrete is to be poured.

[15] The method according to

[13] or

[14] , wherein the information includes urban factors of the meteorological observation point A and the region B.

[16] The area of ​​the region B is 0.1 to 16 km 2 The method according to any one of

[13] to

[15] above,

[0009] In the present invention, the "cold season" means the "period during which concrete work in cold weather is applicable" (i.e., the period during which appropriate measures such as heat curing and covering curing are required during concrete work). [Effects of the Invention]

[0010] The estimated cold weather period output device or estimated cold weather period map generation device of the present invention can estimate the cold weather period for each region with higher resolution, output the estimated cold weather period for a specific region based on the estimation, and generate an estimated cold weather period map based on the estimation. Furthermore, the estimated cold weather period output program or the estimated cold weather period map generation program of the present invention can cause a computer to function as the device. Furthermore, the concrete work method or the method for manufacturing a concrete structure of the present invention makes it possible to determine whether or not the concrete work should be cold weather concreting when carrying out the concrete work. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0011] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a schematic diagram of an example of a system including an estimated cold weather period output device of the present invention. [Figure 2] FIG. 2 is a diagram for explaining an example of a standard for setting the cold weather period in the present invention. [Figure 3] FIG. 3 is a functional block diagram showing the functional configuration of the estimated cold weather period output device of the present invention and the estimated cold weather period map generation device of the present invention. [Figure 4] FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an example of a relationship between a meteorological observation point A and an area X. In FIG. [Figure 5] FIG. 5 is a diagram showing an example of a relationship between a meteorological observation point A and an area X. In FIG. [Figure 6] FIG. 6 is a flowchart showing a processing flow in which the estimated cold weather period output device of the present invention outputs an estimated cold weather period. [Figure 7] FIG. 7 is a flowchart showing a processing flow in which the estimated cold weather period map generating device of the present invention outputs an estimated cold weather period map. [Figure 8] FIG. 8 is a diagram showing the first mesh section of the Tohoku region used in the examples. [Figure 9] FIG. 9 is a map showing the estimated cold weather period in the Tohoku region obtained in the example. [Figure 10]FIG. 10 is a map showing the estimated cold weather period in Sendai city and its surrounding areas obtained in the examples. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0012] A preferred embodiment of the present invention will be described below, but the present invention is not limited to the following embodiment except as defined by the present invention.

[0013] [Estimated cold weather period output device] One embodiment of the present invention includes a storage unit storing data on an estimated cold weather period for each of a plurality of regions X, the data being estimated from information (I) including weather data including weather observation dates and temperatures on the observation dates at each of a plurality of weather observation points A, and topographical factors for the plurality of weather observation points A and each of a plurality of regions X; a location information input unit that accepts input of information about a specific location that exists in any one of the plurality of regions X; an extraction unit that extracts data on an estimated cold weather period for a specific region X that includes the specific location; an output unit that outputs an estimated cold weather period for the specific region X; The present invention provides an estimated cold weather period output device (hereinafter also referred to as "the output device of the present invention") comprising:

[0014] FIG. 1 is a diagram schematically illustrating an example of an estimated cold weather period output system 100 including an output device 1 of the present invention. The system 100 shown in FIG. 1 has an external device 3 in addition to the output device 1 of the present invention. In the system 100 shown in FIG. 1, the external device 3 transmits location information (specific location information) of a location where the cold weather period is to be calculated (for example, a location where concrete work is to be performed) to the output device 1 of the present invention. Upon receiving the information (having the information input thereto), the output device 1 of the present invention outputs the estimated cold weather period at the specific location and transmits it to the external device 3. 1 shows an example of a system 100 having an external device 3, but the embodiment of the present invention is not limited to the form shown in FIG. 1. For example, specific location information may be input directly to the output device 1 without going through the external device 3. Furthermore, the estimated cold weather period may be output in a manner different from that transmitted to the external device 3. For example, the estimated cold weather period may be output to the output device 1 itself.

[0015] The output device 1 of the present invention makes it possible to easily search for information on the cold weather period for a planned construction area (or location) when, for example, carrying out concrete construction. That is, a user can determine whether or not cold weather concreting is necessary simply by inputting location information of the location where the concrete construction will be carried out or information on the area including that location into the output device 1 of the present invention.

[0016] (Cold weather period) In the present invention, the cold weather period setting criteria for the "estimated cold weather period data" stored in the storage unit can be appropriately determined taking into consideration various factors. For example, the criteria can be determined taking into consideration factors such as the required quality (high-quality, regular, simple) and strength of concrete, the concrete material used, the region where the concrete work is to be performed (climate, etc.), and the concrete work construction technique. Typical cold weather period setting criteria include the setting criteria of JASS 5 and the setting criteria described in the Japan Society of Civil Engineers' "Standard Specifications for Concrete [Construction Edition]." In the present invention, the term "estimated cold weather period" means that the meteorological data used to estimate and calculate the cold weather period is based on estimated values, not on observed values. Hereinafter, in this specification, it may also be simply referred to as the "cold weather period."

[0017] (Cold weather period based on JASS 5) As an example, the criteria for setting JASS 5 will be explained. In the current JASS 5, a period that meets at least one of the following two conditions (Condition 1 and Condition 2) is defined as the cold season period. The first and last days of the cold season period refer to the first and last days of the season, respectively. A season is a 10-day period or a period of about 10 days, such as the 1st to the 10th, the 11th to the 20th, or the 21st to the 28th-31st (last day of the month). Condition 1: The average daily temperature during the peak season, including the day of planting, is below 4°C. Condition 2: The cumulative temperature M calculated from the predicted average temperature from the time of concrete placement to the age of 91 days, expressed as the following (Equation 1) 91 The period when θ is less than 840°D·D n : Daily average temperature (≧-10℃). If the daily average temperature is less than -10℃, it is treated as if the daily average temperature were -10℃.

[0018]

number

[0019] The above-mentioned cold weather period indicates the criteria for setting the cold weather period according to the current JASS 5, which was revised in November 2022. For example, if the guidelines according to JASS 5 are revised in the future, the cold weather period can be determined according to the revised guidelines. In other words, "determining the cold weather period based on the criteria set by JASS 5" means determining the cold weather period based on the guidelines of JASS 5 at the time of implementing the present invention.

[0020] -Condition 1- A specific example of a method for calculating the period of Condition 1 above will be explained using Figure 2. When explaining Condition 1 using Figure 2, days with black dots on a white background (represented by square blocks, the same applies below) indicate "days when the average daily temperature exceeds 4°C," and days with white dots on a black background indicate "days when the average daily temperature is 4°C or lower." In the above condition 1, "the period during which the average daily temperature of the season, including the day of planting, is 4°C or below" refers to the period from the first day of the season, including the "first day when the average daily temperature is 4°C or below," to the last day of the season, including the "last day when the average daily temperature is 4°C or below." For example, in Figure 2, the "first day when the average daily temperature is 4°C or below" is December 5th, so the first day of the season including that first day is December 1st. Similarly, in Figure 2, the "last day when the average daily temperature is 4°C or below" is March 15th, so the last day of the season including that last day is March 20th. Therefore, the period for condition 1 shown in the example of Figure 2 is the period from December 1st to March 20th.

[0021] -Condition 2- A specific example of a method for calculating the period of the above condition 2 will be explained using FIG. 2. When explaining the condition 2 using FIG. 2, the days with black dots on a white background are the days when the "accumulated temperature M 91 Days with a white dot on a black background are days when the accumulated temperature M 91 The numbers indicate days when the temperature is less than 840°D·D. In the above condition 1, "accumulated temperature M 91 "The period when the accumulated temperature M is less than 840°D·D" means 91 The accumulated temperature M 91 For example, in Figure 2, the "accumulated temperature M 91 The first day when the accumulated temperature M is less than 840°D·D is December 5th, so the first day of the season including that first day is December 1st. 91 Since the last day on which the temperature is less than 840°D·D is March 15th, the last day of the season that includes that last day is March 20th. Therefore, the period for condition 2 shown in the example in Figure 2 is the period from December 1st to March 20th.

[0022] 3 shows a functional block diagram illustrating the functional configuration of the output device 1 of the present invention. The output device 1 of the present invention includes at least a storage unit 10, a position information input unit 11, an extraction unit 12, and an output unit 13. Each component will be described in more detail below.

[0023] <Storage section> The memory unit 10 stores data on the estimated cold weather period for each of a plurality of regions X, which is estimated from information (I) including weather data including the weather observation date and the temperature on the observation date at each of a plurality of weather observation points A, and topographical factors for each of the plurality of weather observation points A and a plurality of regions X. The estimated cold weather period data stored in the memory unit 10 can be calculated from the estimated weather data for the plurality of regions X. A method for calculating the estimated cold weather period will be described later. The storage unit 10 may have, as hardware resources, memories such as RAM (Random Access Memory), ROM (Read Only Memory), HDD (Hard Disk Drive), SSD (Solid State Drive), magnetic disks, recording media such as CD-ROMs, etc., and has the function of storing (recording, saving) the above-mentioned estimated cold weather period data using these.

[0024] Regarding the data of the estimated cold weather period stored in the storage unit 10, the range of the area in the data (the range consisting of all of the multiple areas X) is not particularly limited. For example, it may be a range covering all of each city, ward, town, or village, a range covering all of a prefecture, or a range covering all of Japan. Furthermore, for example, the range may include overseas, and may even be overseas. Note that the multiple areas X usually include an area that includes the weather observation point A.

[0025] The estimated cold weather period data stored in the storage unit 10 includes data on the divisions of multiple regions X, the first day of each season of the cold weather period, the last day of each season of the cold weather period, the total number of days of the cold weather period, etc. (This may include the first day, last day, and total number of days of each of the above conditions 1 and 2). Furthermore, the estimated cold weather period data may include, for example, an estimated cold weather period map. The generation of the estimated cold weather period map will be described later.

[0026] (Estimated cold weather period data) The estimated cold weather period data stored in the memory unit 10 is estimated from information (I) including meteorological data including the weather observation date and the temperature on that observation date at each of a plurality of meteorological observation points A, and topographical factors of each of the plurality of meteorological observation points A and a plurality of regions X. Note that mesh normal data published by the Japan Meteorological Agency, which will be described later, can also be used as estimated meteorological data that can be calculated from the information (I) and that can be used to estimate the cold weather period for region X from the information (I).

[0027] -Weather Observation Point A- A weather observation point A is a point where weather data such as temperature is observed at the point A. Examples of the weather observation point A include meteorological observatories, weather observation stations, weather stations, and points of the Japan Meteorological Agency's Area Weather Observation System (AMeDAS).

[0028] -Region X- Region X is a region with a certain area, which is formed by dividing a specific range (for example, a city, ward, town, village, prefecture, or the whole of Japan). In other words, multiple regions X are a set of regions formed by dividing the specific range into n regions, and each region X (region X1, region X2, ..., region X n The size and shape of each region X are not particularly limited. From the viewpoint of estimating the cold weather period with higher resolution, the area of ​​each region X is set to 0.1 to 16 km². 2 It is preferable that the distance is 0.3 to 9 km. 2 It is more preferable that the distance is 0.5 to 4 km. 2 It is more preferable that the shape of each region X (the shape of the outer edge of each region X) is, for example, a rectangle (or a square) or a circle. From the viewpoint of comprehensively arranging the regions X without gaps, the shape is preferably a rectangle (or a square), and it is more preferable that the outer edges of adjacent regions X among the plurality of regions X are in contact with each other. When the region X is a square, the length of one side is preferably 0.3 to 4 km, more preferably 0.5 to 3 km, and further preferably 0.7 to 2 km. Furthermore, for example, each of the plurality of regions X may be an area corresponding to each mesh section (land use tertiary mesh (1 km mesh)) of the mesh normal values ​​published by the Japan Meteorological Agency. Each land use tertiary mesh is assigned a mesh code.

[0029] -Weather Data- The weather data includes the weather observation date and the temperature (including at least the daily mean temperature, and may also include the daily maximum temperature and daily minimum temperature) observed at the weather observation point A on that observation date. The weather data is preferably cumulative data for the past 10 years or more, including data from the year prior to the year in which the output device 1 of the present invention is used (or the most recent publicly available data), but may also be cumulative data for the past 20 years or more, or may be cumulative data for the past 30 years or more. Therefore, for example, average values ​​of weather data (average values ​​calculated from 30 years of weather data) can be used based on this cumulative data. It is preferable that the meteorological data include, in addition to the temperature data on the meteorological observation day, one or more of the following meteorological data: precipitation, maximum snow depth, snowfall amount, sunshine hours, global solar radiation, humidity, air pressure, wind direction, wind speed, clouds, visibility, and observations of atmospheric phenomena.

[0030] -Terrain factor- The topographical factors of meteorological observation point A and area X include, for example, altitude, latitude, longitude, gradient, distance to the coast, undulation, land area, sea area, openness, etc. Furthermore, for example, the topographical factors may include information on the relative topographical factors of meteorological observation point A or area X compared with adjacent areas or areas. Such relative topographical factors include, for example, information on basins, mountains, etc. Furthermore, the "terrain factor of region X" may be, for example, the terrain factor at the center of region X, which may be used as a representative terrain factor of region X. Alternatively, for example, the average terrain factor at any points (e.g., 16 points) within region X may be used.

[0031] -Urban factor- It is preferable that the information (I) used to estimate the cold weather period further includes urban factors of the meteorological observation point A and the region X. Note that the "urban factors of the meteorological observation point A" specifically refers to the urban factors of the region that includes the meteorological observation point A. Examples of urban factors include the artificial coverage rate.

[0032] (Method for estimating the cold weather period in region X) The cold weather period in region X can be estimated from at least the weather observation date at meteorological observation point A, the weather data on that observation date, and data on the topographical factors of meteorological observation point A and region X. An example of the estimation method will be described with reference to the drawings. In the example shown in FIG. 4, point A (weather observation point A) is located in an area outside region X. For example, estimated weather data (including estimated daily mean temperature) for region X can be obtained by performing multiple regression analysis on meteorological data (such as temperature, humidity, and precipitation) on the observation date at point A, information including topographical factors (such as latitude, longitude, and altitude) for point A, and information including topographical factors (such as latitude, longitude, and altitude) for region X. Using the estimated daily mean temperature for region X, the estimated cold weather period for region X can be calculated based on the above-mentioned cold weather period setting criteria. Furthermore, point A may be located in an area outside region X, or may be located in an area inside region X. Another example shown in FIG. 5 illustrates an example in which point A is located in an area inside region X. When point A is located in an area inside region X, the weather data of point A itself may be used as the weather data for region X without performing the above-mentioned multiple regression analysis. For convenience, in this invention, even in such cases, the data is referred to as estimated weather data.

[0033] An example of a method for calculating estimated weather data for region X using the above multiple regression analysis will be shown below. A multiple regression analysis is performed on the relationship between data such as temperature, precipitation, hours of sunshine, and maximum snow depth obtained from multiple weather stations and parameters of topographical factors such as the elevation, latitude, longitude, slope, distance to the coast, and degree of openness of the area containing the weather stations, as well as parameters of urban factors such as artificial coverage, to create a multiple regression equation that estimates various climate values ​​(temperature, precipitation, global solar radiation, snow depth) by element and month. Note that at this time, parameters that have little effect on the multiple regression equation or variables that give outliers may be excluded, and the multiple regression analysis may be redone. Next, a smoothing process is performed to create a smooth distribution near the boundaries of the calculation region. Additionally, since monthly values ​​were calculated above, the values ​​for each month are taken as the values ​​for the middle days of each month, and a formula for calculating daily values ​​is constructed by interpolating the values ​​between each date and performing smoothing processes (KZ filter, 9-day moving average x 3). By inputting the above parameters for Area X (topographic factors, urban factors) into the formula obtained in this way, it is possible to calculate estimated weather data for each day in Area X.

[0034] Furthermore, for example, mesh normal data published by the Japan Meteorological Agency can be used as the estimated daily mean temperature for region X. The mesh normal daily mean temperature published by the Japan Meteorological Agency is estimated using multiple regression analysis of the statistical relationships between the AMeDAS normal values ​​(weather data) at meteorological observation points, topographical factors such as latitude, longitude, elevation, and slope, and artificial coverage rate (urban factor), and values ​​are calculated for 1 km square. The mesh normal values ​​use elevation and slope 3rd-order mesh data (2011 edition) and land use 3rd-order mesh data (2014 edition) as topographical and urban factors. Note that the meteorological data used are normal values ​​from 1991 to 2020.

[0035] <Location information input section> The location information input unit 11 is a functional unit that receives location information used to extract data on the estimated cold weather period to be output by the output device 1 of the present invention. The location information input unit 11 may have hardware resources such as a keyboard, physical buttons, a mouse, or a touch panel. The location information input unit 11 may also be connected to another device (external device 3) via a network and receive specific location information input by that device. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the location information input unit 11 functions as a unit that receives specific location information input to the external device 3. Examples of such external devices 3 include smartphones, tablet terminals, and personal computers. The current location may also be identified using a global positioning system (GPS), and the identified information may be transmitted to the location information input unit 11.

[0036] The specific location information input to the location information input unit 11 is not particularly limited as long as it includes location information. For example, it may be location information such as an address, latitude, and longitude. In addition, if map information is displayed on the location information input screen, a location can be specified by placing a cursor on the map.

[0037] <Extraction part> The extraction unit 12 has a function of extracting data on the estimated cold weather period of a specific region X that includes the location from data on the estimated cold weather period of multiple regions X stored in the memory unit 10 based on the location information received by the location information input unit 11. If the "location information received by the location information input unit" directly identifies a specific area X among the multiple areas X, the information can be used to extract data on the estimated cold weather period for the specific area X. For example, if the multiple areas X correspond to a tertiary land use mesh and the location information is a mesh code, the extraction unit 12 can extract data on the estimated cold weather period for the specific area X based on the mesh code. Furthermore, if the "location information received by the location information input unit" does not directly identify a specific area X among the multiple areas X, the area X that includes the location (point X) in the received location information is identified, and the extraction unit 12 can extract data on the estimated cold weather period for the specific area X based on the identified area X. For example, if the input location information is information on a specific point, the specific area X that includes that point is identified.

[0038] The extraction unit 12 has a processor such as a CPU (Central Processing Unit) for executing information processing.

[0039] <Output section> The output unit 13 is a functional unit that outputs data on the estimated cold weather period for the specific region X extracted by the extraction unit 12. For example, as shown in Fig. 1, the output unit 13 may have a function to transmit the data to an external device 3, and if connected to a display device such as a display, the output unit 13 can also output the data to the display device. The estimated cold weather period data output by the output unit 13 includes, for example, data on at least the area division, the first day of the cold weather period season, and the last day of the cold weather period season. Furthermore, the estimated cold weather period data may include, for example, an estimated cold weather period map for a specific area X and its surrounding area. The generation of the estimated cold weather period map will be described later.

[0040] Next, the processing flow performed by the output device 1 of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG.

[0041] (Step S101) The location information input unit 11 receives information on a specific location for outputting data on the estimated cold weather period.

[0042] (Step S102) If the specific location accepted by the location information input unit directly identifies the specific area X, the extraction unit 12 proceeds to step S104. If the specific location does not directly identify the specific area X, the process proceeds to step S103, where the area that includes the specific location is identified, and the process proceeds to step S104.

[0043] (Step S104) The extraction unit 12 extracts data on the estimated cold weather period for a specific region X from data on the estimated cold weather period for a plurality of regions X stored in the storage unit 10.

[0044] (Step S105) The output unit 13 outputs the data on the estimated cold weather period for the specific region extracted as described above.

[0045] [Estimated cold weather period map generator] Next, another embodiment of the present invention will be described. Another embodiment of the present invention includes an estimated weather data acquisition unit that acquires estimated weather data for each of a plurality of regions X, the estimated weather data being estimated from information (I) including weather data including a weather observation date and a temperature on the observation date at each of a plurality of weather observation points A, and topographical factors for each of the plurality of weather observation points A and a plurality of regions X; a cold weather period calculation unit that calculates an estimated cold weather period for each of the plurality of regions X from the estimated weather data; a map generating unit that generates a map based on the calculated data of the estimated cold weather period for each of the plurality of regions X; an output unit that outputs the map; The estimated cold weather period map generating device (hereinafter also referred to as "the generating device of the present invention") is provided with the above.

[0046] 3 is a functional block diagram illustrating the functional configuration of the generation device 2 of the present invention. The generation device 2 of the present invention includes at least an estimated weather data acquisition unit 20, a cold weather period calculation unit 21, a map generation unit 22, and an output unit 23. Each component will be described in more detail below.

[0047] <Estimated Weather Data Acquisition Unit> The estimated weather data acquisition unit 20 is a functional unit that receives estimated weather data input to the generation device 2 of the present invention. The estimated weather data acquisition unit may have hardware resources such as a keyboard, physical buttons, a mouse, and a touch panel. The estimated weather data acquisition unit may also be connected to another device (external device 3) via a network and receive estimated weather data input by that device. The estimated weather data is estimated weather data for a plurality of regions X. As explained in the output device 1 of the present invention, the estimated weather data is estimated from information (I) including weather data including the weather observation date and the temperature on the observation date at each of a plurality of weather observation points A, and topographical factors for each of the plurality of weather observation points A and a plurality of regions X. Note that the aforementioned mesh normal data (preferably estimated daily mean temperature) published by the Japan Meteorological Agency can also be used as the estimated weather data.

[0048] <Cold weather period calculation section> The cold weather period calculation unit 21 calculates the estimated cold weather periods for the plurality of regions X based on the estimated weather data received by the acquisition unit 20. The criteria for setting the cold weather periods can be set as appropriate, as described in the output device 1 of the present invention.

[0049] <Map Generation> The map generation unit 22 is a functional unit that combines data on the estimated cold weather periods for multiple regions X calculated by the cold weather period calculation unit 21 with map information to generate a map (estimated cold weather period map). For example, it is possible to combine the obtained data on a Geographic Information System (GIS) to create a map of all of Japan color-coded by the number of seasons.

[0050] <Output section> The output unit 23 outputs the estimated cold weather period map generated by the map generation unit 22. For example, the generated map can be stored in Google Earth or transmitted to an external device.

[0051] Next, the processing flow performed by the generating device 2 of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG.

[0052] (Step S201) The estimated weather data acquisition unit 20 receives estimated weather data for a plurality of regions X.

[0053] (Step S202) The cold weather period calculation unit 21 calculates the estimated cold weather periods for the plurality of regions X based on the estimated weather data for the plurality of regions X received by the estimated weather data acquisition unit 20.

[0054] (Step S203) The map generating unit 22 combines data on the estimated cold weather periods for the plurality of regions X calculated by the cold weather period calculating unit 21 with map information to generate a map (estimated cold weather period map).

[0055] (Step S204) The output unit 23 outputs the data of the estimated cold weather period map generated as described above.

[0056] [Estimated cold weather period output program, Estimated cold weather period map generation program] The output device 1 of the present invention and the generation device 2 of the present invention can be realized by a computer that operates under program control. That is, yet another embodiment of the present invention is a program that causes a computer to function as the output device 1 of the present invention or the generation device 2 of the present invention. The following two embodiments of this program can be given.

[0057] Computer, a storage means for storing data on an estimated cold weather period for each of a plurality of regions X, the data being estimated from information (I) including meteorological data including a meteorological observation date and a temperature on the observation date at each of a plurality of meteorological observation points A, and topographical factors for each of the plurality of meteorological observation points A and a plurality of regions X; a location information input means for receiving input of information about a specific location that exists within any one of the plurality of regions X; an extraction means for extracting data on an estimated cold weather period for a specific region X in which the specific location is included; an output means for outputting data on the estimated cold weather period for the specific region X; This is an estimated cold weather period output program.

[0058] Computer, an estimated weather data acquisition means for acquiring estimated weather data for each of the plurality of regions X estimated from information (I) including weather data including a weather observation date and a temperature on the observation date at each of the plurality of weather observation points A, and topographical factors of the plurality of weather observation points A and each of the plurality of regions X; a cold weather period calculation means for calculating an estimated cold weather period for each of the plurality of regions X from the estimated weather data; a map generating means for generating a map based on the calculated data of the estimated cold weather period for each of the plurality of regions X; an output means for outputting the map; This is a program that generates an estimated cold weather period map.

[0059] Furthermore, another embodiment of the present invention includes a computer-readable recording medium having the above-described program recorded thereon. The form of the recording medium is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a magnetic disk, a magneto-optical disk, an optical disk, and a flash memory.

[0060] Further embodiments of the present invention include a concrete construction method and a method for manufacturing a concrete structure (hereinafter, these are also referred to as "methods of the present invention"). When concrete construction (concrete pouring) is carried out in a specific region (region B), for example, it can be determined whether the concrete construction is cold weather concreting based on the temperature on the construction day (pouring day). However, if the cold weather period could be accurately predicted before the construction day, construction could proceed more smoothly. According to the method of the present invention, it is possible to determine whether or not the concrete work to be carried out in region B on the planned concrete pouring date should be cold weather concreting work, based on the estimated cold weather period in region B where concrete is to be poured. Note that known cold weather concreting work can be applied as cold weather concreting work.

[0061] That is, the method of the present invention can be expressed as the following embodiment: Note that "area B" means a specific area among the plurality of areas X.

[0062] [Concrete construction method] The concrete work method of the present invention includes determining whether or not the concrete work to be carried out in area B on the planned concrete pouring date will be cold weather concreting work, based on the estimated cold weather period for area B, which is estimated from information including weather data including the weather observation date at weather observation point A and the temperature on that observation date, as well as topographical factors of weather observation point A and area B where concrete is to be poured.

[0063] [Manufacturing methods for concrete structures] The method for manufacturing a concrete structure of the present invention includes determining whether or not the concrete work to be carried out in area B on the planned date for pouring concrete will be cold weather concreting work, based on the estimated cold weather period for area B, which is estimated from information including weather data including the weather observation date at weather observation point A and the temperature on that observation date, as well as topographical factors of weather observation point A and area B where concrete is to be poured. [Example]

[0064] The present invention will be described in more detail based on examples. The present invention is not to be construed as being limited to the following examples except as defined in the present invention.

[0065] [Example 1] In Example 1, an estimated cold weather period map was created focusing on the Tohoku region. The data used and the analysis procedure are shown below.

[0066] <Estimated weather data> The estimated weather data used in the generating device of this embodiment is data for the Tohoku region from the daily average temperature data of the "Mesh Normal Values ​​2020" published by the Japan Meteorological Agency. Specifically, this data is for the primary mesh range (the area surrounded by the thick line) shown in Figure 8. The 16 circles shown in Figure 8 indicate the locations of the 16 cities whose cold weather periods are listed in the Cold Weather Guide. The estimated weather data was acquired by an estimated weather data acquisition unit in the generating device of this embodiment.

[0067] <Calculation of estimated cold weather period> The cold weather period calculation section calculated the estimated cold weather period. The estimated cold weather period for each mesh (each region X) was calculated based on the above-mentioned JASS5 standard using the above-mentioned estimated weather data, except that in condition 2, the following (Equation 2) was used instead of (Equation 1).

[0068]

number

[0069] <Creating an estimated cold weather period map> The map generation unit combined each mesh data for the period when the daily average temperature was below 4°C (condition 1 period), the period when the accumulated temperature was below 840°D·D (condition 2 period), and the total number of days in the cold season, which was the combination of these, to create surface data. A GIS map of the Tohoku region was created using the three types of surface data. Arc GIS Pro was used to create this map. The created estimated cold weather period map was output by the output unit. The output data is shown in Figures 9(A) to (C) and 10. In the maps shown in Figures 9(A) to (C) and 10, the cold weather period is divided into ten weeks (each six weeks is color-coded in a different color), with regions with short cold weather periods shown in light colors and regions with long cold weather periods shown in dark colors.

[0070] Figure 9(A) shows the period when the average daily temperature falls below 4°C (Condition 1). A more detailed analysis revealed that the plains of the Tohoku region from Miyagi Prefecture to Fukushima Prefecture, and the coastal areas of Akita Prefecture and Yamagata Prefecture, are exposed to temperatures below 4°C for a period of 91 days or more. It was also confirmed that in many other regions, the cold season lasts for a longer period than these.

[0071] Figure 9(B) shows the period (condition 2) when the accumulated temperature M91 is less than 840°D·D. It was confirmed that such periods are widely distributed in areas such as Aomori, Iwate, Akita, Yamagata, and Aizu in Fukushima Prefecture. On the other hand, in Miyagi Prefecture and wide areas of the Nakadori and Hamadori regions of Fukushima Prefecture, the accumulated temperature never fell below 840°D·D.

[0072] Figure 9(C) shows the cold weather period combining the two conditions. The mesh map based on accumulated temperature shows that in most regions, the period is the same as the period when the daily mean temperature is below 4°C. On the other hand, in regions with periods where the accumulated temperature is below 840°D·D, the cold weather period tends to be longer.

[0073] Figure 10 shows a map of the estimated cold weather period for Sendai City. The map shown in Figure 10 is an enlarged version of Figure 9(C). In Figure 10, the area surrounded by a thick line is the area of ​​Sendai City. In Figure 10, the light-colored area on the right side facing the sea corresponds to the 7 to 12 twenties, the medium-colored area on the left side not facing the sea corresponds to the 13 to 18 twenties, and the dark-colored area in the upper left corresponds to the 19 to 24 twenties. As shown in Figure 10, even within the same city of Sendai, the cold season is relatively short in coastal areas, while it is longer in mountainous areas. JASS 5 defines the cold season in Sendai as 101 days (10 shuns) from December 11th to March 20th, and Figure 10 shows that the area corresponding to this period only accounts for around 60-70% of Sendai city.

[0074] [Example 2] In Example 2, based on the mesh data obtained above, the cold weather period at a specific point was extracted and output.

[0075] <Area X> In the output device of this embodiment, the data of the estimated cold weather periods for a plurality of regions X stored in the storage unit are the estimated cold weather periods and maps calculated in the first embodiment above. The mesh code of the area including the observation station location was used as the location information for the 16 locations for which the cold weather period was to be output. The mesh code was input to the location information input unit, and the extraction unit extracted data on the estimated cold weather period for the area including the 16 locations from the data stored in the memory unit based on the mesh code. The extracted data is output by the output unit and shown in the table below. The cold weather periods indicated in JASS 5 (2022) for the above 16 locations are also shown in Table 1.

[0076] [Table 1]

[0077] Table 1 shows that the estimated cold weather period for each region output by the device of the present invention is approximately the same as the cold weather period for each location indicated in JASS 5 (2022). Furthermore, at the three locations of Hachinohe, Fukaura, and Ishinomaki, the estimated cold weather period was shorter than the cold weather period indicated in the cold weather guidelines. Due to the effects of global warming in recent years, the average daily temperature has tended to rise. As a result, the estimated cold weather period output by the device of the present invention is predicted to be shorter in some areas than the cold weather period indicated in the cold weather guideline, and it is presumed that this more accurately reflects the actual situation. [Explanation of symbols]

[0078] 1 Estimated cold weather period output device 10 Storage section 11 Location information input section 12 Extraction part 13 Output section 2. Estimated cold weather period map generator 20 Estimated weather data acquisition unit 21 Cold weather period calculation section 22 Map generation unit 23 Output section 3 External Devices 100 Estimated winter period output system

Claims

1. a storage unit storing data on the estimated cold weather period for each of the plurality of regions X, the data being estimated from information (I) including weather data including weather observation dates and temperatures on the observation dates at each of the plurality of weather observation points A, and topographical factors for each of the plurality of weather observation points A and the plurality of regions X; a location information input unit that accepts input of information about a specific location that exists in any one of the plurality of regions X; an extraction unit that extracts data on an estimated cold weather period for a specific region X that includes the specific location; an output unit that outputs data on the estimated cold weather period for the specific region X; An estimated cold weather period output device comprising:

2. an estimated weather data acquisition unit that acquires estimated weather data for each of the plurality of regions X estimated from information (I) including weather data including a weather observation date and a temperature on the observation date at each of a plurality of weather observation points A, and topographical factors of the plurality of weather observation points A and each of a plurality of regions X; a cold weather period calculation unit that calculates an estimated cold weather period for each of the plurality of regions X from the estimated weather data; a map generating unit that generates a map based on the calculated data of the estimated cold weather period for each of the plurality of regions X; an output unit that outputs the map; An estimated cold weather period map generating device comprising:

3. 3. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the information (I) includes city factors for each of the plurality of weather stations A and the plurality of regions X.

4. The area of ​​each of the plurality of regions X is 0.1 to 16 km ２ 3. The device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein:

5. The device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the outer edges of adjacent areas X among the plurality of areas X are in contact with each other.

6. Each of the plurality of regions X corresponds to a mesh section of the mesh normal values ​​published by the Japan Meteorological Agency, The device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the estimated cold weather period is estimated or calculated based on the average daily temperature in each of the mesh sections corresponding to each of the plurality of regions X.

7. Computer, a storage means for storing data on an estimated cold weather period for each of a plurality of regions X, the data being estimated from information (I) including weather data including a weather observation date and a temperature on the observation date at each of a plurality of weather observation points A, and topographical factors for each of the plurality of weather observation points A and a plurality of regions X; a location information input means for receiving input of information on a specific location that exists in any one of the plurality of regions X; an extraction means for extracting data on an estimated cold weather period for a specific region X including the specific location; an output means for outputting data on the estimated cold weather period for the specific region X; This is an estimated cold weather period output program.

8. Computer, an estimated weather data acquisition means for acquiring estimated weather data for each of the plurality of regions X estimated from information (I) including weather data including a weather observation date and a temperature on the observation date at each of the plurality of weather observation points A, and topographical factors of the plurality of weather observation points A and each of the plurality of regions X; a cold weather period calculation means for calculating an estimated cold weather period for each of the plurality of regions X from the estimated weather data; a map generating means for generating a map based on the calculated data of the estimated cold weather period for each of the plurality of regions X; an output means for outputting the map; This is a program that generates an estimated cold weather period map.

9. 9. The program according to claim 7, wherein the information (I) includes urban factors for each of the plurality of meteorological observation points A and the plurality of regions X.

10. The area of ​​each of the plurality of regions X is 0.1 to 16 km ２ The program according to claim 7 or 8,

11. 9. The program according to claim 7, wherein the outer edges of adjacent regions X among the plurality of regions X are adjacent to each other.

12. Each of the plurality of regions X corresponds to a mesh section of the mesh normal values ​​published by the Japan Meteorological Agency, 9. The program according to claim 7, wherein the estimated cold weather period is estimated or calculated based on an average annual value of the daily mean temperature in each of the mesh sections corresponding to each of the plurality of regions X.

13. A computer-readable recording medium on which the program according to claim 7 or 8 is recorded.

14. A concrete work method comprising determining whether or not concrete work to be carried out in area B on a planned concrete pouring date is to be cold weather concreting work, based on an estimated cold weather period for area B, which is estimated from information including meteorological data including the weather observation date at meteorological observation point A and the temperature on the observation date, and topographical factors of meteorological observation point A and area B where concrete is to be poured.

15. A method for manufacturing a concrete structure includes determining whether or not concrete work to be carried out in area B on a planned date for pouring concrete is to be cold weather concreting work, based on an estimated cold weather period for area B, which is estimated from information including meteorological data including the date of meteorological observation at meteorological observation point A and the temperature on that observation date, as well as topographical factors of meteorological observation point A and area B where concrete is to be poured.

16. 16. The method of claim 14 or 15, wherein the information comprises urban factors for the weather station A and area B.

17. The area of ​​the region B is 0.1 to 16 km ２ The method according to claim 14 or 15, wherein

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