Method for using fermented and dried waste mushroom culture medium material

Abstract

To solve the problem in which materials obtained by a fermenting and drying waste mushroom culture medium can be used as feed, livestock bedding, fermentation agents, etc., but no rational method for using them has been proposed.SOLUTION: A method comprises: fermenting and drying a waste mushroom culture medium with useful bacteria, the bacteria being capable of fermenting and drying the medium so as to increase an amino acid content without generating ammonia; and spraying the resultant fermented and dried waste mushroom culture medium material on a livestock barn as an environmental purification material. A method comprises: causing the fermented and dried waste mushroom culture medium material as a fermentation starter to be mixed with and dispersed in a waste mushroom culture medium larger in volume than the fermented and dried waste mushroom culture medium material; piling up the resultant mixture outdoors on the ground in a well-drained space; and fermenting and drying the larger volume waste mushroom culture medium to produce an outdoor compost pile.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] This invention relates to a method for using a fermented and dried mushroom waste culture medium material obtained by fermenting and drying mushroom waste culture medium with useful bacteria so as to increase the amino acid content without generating ammonia, and then drying the fermented mushroom waste culture medium. [Background technology]

[0002] As a method for drying organic matter to obtain a dried material for fermenting waste mushroom medium, as shown in Figure 1, the present inventors have proposed a method in which organic waste (waste mushroom medium 5) is fermented and dried in a fermenter (greenhouse 1) by adding a non-ammonia-producing starter culture to prevent putrefactive fermentation. The fermenter then ferments and dries the organic waste, preventing putrefactive fermentation and creating environmental conditions for rapid fermentation and drying. The floor of the fermenter is made of flooring material (floor 2) consisting of one or a combination of wood boards and / or wood boards with carbonized surfaces. The gaps between the flooring materials are not filled with adhesive, allowing for air passages. The flooring material creates a hollow space 4 beneath the floor. The organic matter on the floor is simultaneously turned over and moved (following a closed-loop trajectory 3a) using a device equipped with rotary blades or a scoop-type organic matter agitator / transporter (rotary agitator 3) to ferment and dry the organic matter (see Patent Document 1).

[0003] In addition, as a method for drying moist organic matter, a process is provided in which aerobic fungal seed culture is introduced into waste mushroom beds, which are moist organic matter at a stage when the mycelium has been cut and the growth potential has been lost as a result of being scraped out of the mushroom cultivation bottles after the harvest of mushroom bed-grown mushrooms has been completed, and the infestation of miscellaneous bacteria is low; and a fermentation and drying container device is provided in which the outer shape is formed by a rectangular outer frame body that is open at the top and bottom or the top, and which is provided with a plurality of partition walls that are erected and arranged in parallel at required intervals so as to divide the space into which the waste mushroom beds are introduced, in order to ferment and dry the waste mushroom beds using the aerobic fungi. The partition wall has partitioning surface materials on both sides, making the interior hollow and allowing ventilation in both the vertical and horizontal directions, and the partitioning surface materials are arranged in a lattice or mesh pattern with good ventilation formed by linear sections intersecting each other, in a fermentation and drying container device. The method for drying water-containing organic matter includes the step of drying the waste mushroom bed by the action of aerobic bacteria, in which the waste mushroom bed is planted by adding aerobic seed culture, and the aerobic seed culture is added while the waste mushroom bed is sequentially discharged from the waste mushroom bed scraping device and transferred to a storage location on a conveyor (see Patent Document 2).

[0004] The present inventors have also proposed a method for drying moist organic matter, which includes the steps of inoculating aerobic fungal seed cultures into waste mushroom beds, which are moist organic matter at a stage when the mycelium has been severed and growth potential has been lost as the mushrooms are scraped out of the mushroom cultivation jars after harvesting, resulting in little intrusion of unwanted bacteria, and of drying the waste mushroom beds through the action of the aerobic fungi, and which is intended to produce dried materials that can be used as powdered biomass fuel or microbial materials. In the step of inoculating the aerobic fungal seed cultures, the aerobic fungal seed cultures are continuously added while the waste mushroom beds are sequentially discharged from a scraping device and transported sequentially to a storage location on a conveyor (see Patent Document 3).

[0005] Furthermore, the present inventors have proposed a mushroom cultivation medium (see Patent Document 4) that utilizes the fermented and dried organic material (fermentation material) obtained by the above-mentioned drying method for organic matter. The fermentation material is obtained by rapidly fermenting and drying waste mushroom medium, which is a used mushroom bed in artificial mushroom cultivation, by adding useful bacteria that ferment to produce amino acids without generating an ammonia odor to the waste mushroom medium immediately after scraping it out of the cultivation bottle, at least before the growth of miscellaneous bacteria begins. The fermentation material is then incorporated as part of the nutritional materials of the mushroom medium.

[0006] The present inventors have also proposed a method for drying and solidifying moist organic matter, which comprises a process of inoculating aerobic bacteria into moist organic matter in the form of powder, granules, or an aggregate thereof that is not contaminated with germs; a drying process of drying the moist organic matter to a moisture content at which the growth of the aerobic bacteria slows down due to the drying action caused by the proliferation of the aerobic bacteria; and a molding process of molding the moist organic matter, whose moisture content has been adjusted by the drying process, into a solid form using a pressurized molding machine, wherein the moist organic matter is waste mushroom beds, and the inoculation process is carried out by adding aerobic bacterial seed cultures immediately after the mushrooms have been scraped out of the mushroom cultivation bottles after harvesting, when the mycelium has been cut and the mushrooms have lost their growth potential, at a stage when the invasion of microorganisms is minimal (see Patent Document 5). [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0007] [Patent Document 1] Patent No. 5144884 (Claim 1) [Patent Document 2] Patent No. 5295754 (Claim 1) [Patent Document 3] Patent No. 5730945 (Claim 1) [Patent Document 4] Patent No. 5507235 (Claim 1) [Patent Document 5] Patent No. 5405774 (Claim 1) Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0008] The problem to be solved regarding the use of fermented and dried waste mushroom culture medium materials is that although materials obtained by fermenting and drying waste mushroom culture medium can be used as feed, bedding, fermentation agents, etc., no rational method of use has been proposed that would provide excellent effects with only a small amount of use.

[0009] Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a rational method for using a dried, fermented waste mushroom culture medium that can achieve excellent effects even with the use of a small amount of the dried, fermented waste mushroom culture medium. [Means for solving the problem]

[0010] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention has the following configuration. According to one embodiment of the method for using the fermented and dried mushroom waste medium material of the present invention, the fermented and dried mushroom waste medium material is obtained by fermenting and drying the mushroom waste medium using useful bacteria that ferment and dry the mushroom waste medium so as to increase the amino acid content without generating ammonia, and the obtained material is spread as an environmental purification material in livestock barns that use a system for treating manure daily without using bedding on the floor, and the useful bacteria are a complex fungus that includes, in addition to the actinomycete, at least one edible fungus selected from the group consisting of koji mold, natto bacteria, yeast, and lactic acid bacteria.

[0011] Furthermore, according to one embodiment of the method for using the fermented and dried mushroom waste medium material of the present invention, the fermented and dried mushroom waste medium material is obtained by fermenting and drying mushroom waste medium using useful bacteria that ferment and dry the mushroom waste medium so as to increase the amino acid content without generating ammonia. This material is used as a fermentation starter and mixed with a large volume of mushroom waste medium so as to be dispersed in an amount of 0.1% to 3% of the weight of the large volume of mushroom waste medium. The large volume of mushroom waste medium is piled up on the ground in a well-drained location, and the large volume of mushroom waste medium is fermented and dried to produce piled up compost, characterized in that the useful bacteria are actinomycetes and a complex fungus that, in addition to the actinomycetes, includes at least one edible fungus selected from the group consisting of koji mold, natto bacteria, yeast, and lactic acid bacteria.

[0012] Furthermore, according to one embodiment of the method for using the fermented and dried mushroom waste medium material of the present invention, the piled-up compost can be used as a fermentation starter culture for composting livestock manure and food waste. [Effects of the Invention]

[0013] The method for using the fermented and dried mushroom waste medium material according to the present invention has the particularly advantageous effect of being able to obtain excellent results even with the use of a small amount of the fermented and dried mushroom waste medium material. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0014] [Figure 1] 1 is a perspective view showing an example of a manufacturing apparatus for producing a fermented and dried mushroom waste medium material according to the present invention. [Figure 2] 1 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing an example of a method for using a fermented and dried mushroom waste medium material according to the present invention. FIG. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0015] An example of a method for using the dried fermented mushroom waste medium material according to the present invention will be described in detail below.

[0016] The method for using the fermented and dried mushroom waste medium material of the present invention is characterized in that the fermented and dried mushroom waste medium material, obtained by fermenting and drying mushroom waste medium with beneficial bacteria to increase the amino acid content without generating ammonia and then drying it, is sprayed on livestock barns as an environmental purification material. Because it is sprayed as an environmental purification material, only a small amount is required. As described below, the beneficial bacteria are complex bacteria that can grow and function in an aerobic fermentation environment. The livestock refers to pigs, cows, chickens, etc. The waste mushroom medium that serves as the raw material for the fermented and dried mushroom waste medium material is, for example, a medium used for growing Enoki mushrooms, which uses corncob meal as a base material.

[0017] The amount of the dried fermented mushroom waste medium material according to the present invention to be applied to a livestock barn is not particularly limited. For example, in the example of a pig farm, the amount of the dried fermented mushroom waste medium material applied is preferably 3 to 10 g per pig per day. As a more specific example, when an average of approximately 5 g of powdered dried fermented mushroom waste medium material was applied to each pig per day within the pig barn, the pig mortality rate was reduced from the previous 1% to almost zero, and diarrhea symptoms in the pigs were eliminated. Furthermore, an investigation of the pig feces revealed that the use of the dried fermented mushroom waste medium material eliminated pathogenic bacteria (e.g., Lawsonia spp.). Furthermore, the above example demonstrated a significant effect on digestive diseases in livestock. Furthermore, when the material was applied to piglets in the early fattening stage, mortality from respiratory diseases such as pneumonia was significantly reduced. Furthermore, the amount of application per unit area of ​​the livestock barn was 1 m per day. 3 In other words, the amount of fermented dried mushroom waste medium is 3 to 30 g per 1 m per day. 3 By spraying 3g or more per unit, it is possible to purify the environment of livestock barns, and the more you spray, the more the environment will be purified. Furthermore, as the purified environment continues, the bacterial layer improves and stabilizes, so a smaller amount will be sufficient. However, spraying more than 30g is thought to have little advantage in terms of environmental purification effect and cost.

[0018] That is, according to the method for using the dried fermented mushroom waste medium material of the present invention, instead of using it as feed or bedding as in the past, it can be simply spread as an environmental purification material, which has the effect of promoting the health of livestock, including poultry (chicken coops), and can achieve excellent medicinal effects even with a small amount. This can increase egg laying rates and livestock meat production. Furthermore, according to the method for using the dried fermented mushroom waste medium material of the present invention, by purifying the environment, it can also achieve an extremely high deodorizing effect, solving the problem of bad odors in livestock coops. Furthermore, this environmental purification material is more effective when spread in livestock coops that do not use bedding on the floor and that process feces and urine daily (for example, slatted livestock coops for livestock immediately after weaning), and it can also ferment the feces and urine to suitably compost them.

[0019] Another method of using the fermented and dried mushroom waste medium material according to the present invention involves using a fermentation starter fungus to ferment and dry mushroom waste medium using beneficial bacteria that ferment and dry the waste mushroom medium to increase its amino acid content without generating ammonia, dispersing the fermented and dried mushroom waste medium into a larger volume of mushroom waste medium than the fermented and dried mushroom waste medium material, and then piling the large volume of mushroom waste medium on the ground in a well-drained location, where it is fermented and dried to produce piled compost. While well-drained soil is sufficient, to ensure good drainage, it is recommended that the area where the large volume of mushroom waste medium 30 mixed with the fermented and dried mushroom waste medium is piled up with soil 10 to make it slightly higher than the surrounding area, as shown in FIG. 2. Drainage may also be improved by digging a drainage trench 20 around the area where the large volume of mushroom waste medium 30 is piled up, as shown in FIG. 2. Furthermore, a well-drained sloping ground may be used as a site for piling up the large volume of waste mushroom culture medium 30. For example, a medium used as a medium for growing Enoki mushrooms, which uses corncob meal as a base material, is suitable as the large volume of waste mushroom culture medium.

[0020] However, covering waste mushroom culture media directly with plastic or other materials reduces breathability, leading to decay and fermentation. For this reason, in this invention, large volumes of waste mushroom culture media (biomass consisting of waste mushroom culture media) are composted in an open-air storage location where rainwater directly contacts the waste mushroom culture media, without covering it with plastic or other materials. Furthermore, covering the ground with concrete reduces water permeability and leads to decay and fermentation, so it is best to store large volumes of waste mushroom culture media in an open-air storage location on bare soil. This ability to compost large volumes of waste mushroom culture media without decay and fermentation is due to the fact that white filamentous fungi (actinomycetes) grow in the fermentation-dried waste mushroom culture media during the latter stages of fermentation, forming a fungal layer that repels rainwater, while drying progresses due to the fermentation heat and metabolism caused by the fungal growth. Furthermore, this fermentation quickly covers the surface of the pile, preventing rainwater from penetrating and being blown away by the wind.

[0021] Furthermore, for example, the amount of fermented and dried mushroom waste medium material used may be very small, and the mixing ratio of the fermented and dried mushroom waste medium material to the large volume of mushroom waste medium may be, for example, 0.1% or more and 3% or less. That is, the fermented and dried mushroom waste medium material may be mixed as a fermentation starter into a large volume of mushroom waste medium so that the amount is dispersed at 0.1% to 3% of the weight of the large volume of mushroom waste medium. In other words, by mixing the fermented and dried mushroom waste medium material at 0.1% or more of the weight of the large volume of mushroom waste medium, it is possible to ferment and dry the large volume of mushroom waste medium, and mixing a larger amount allows for more reliable and rapid fermentation and drying. Furthermore, if the environment is improved by the use of the fermented and dried mushroom waste medium material, and stable fermentation and drying is possible, the fermentation conditions will be met, and a mixing ratio of 0.1% to 1% will be sufficient. Furthermore, mixing at a ratio exceeding 3% is considered to have little advantage in terms of fermentation and drying efficiency and cost. As a further specific example, when approximately 5 kg of fermented and dried mushroom waste medium was mixed with 1 ton of waste mushroom medium, the large volume of waste mushroom medium was converted into an extremely high-quality soil conditioner or compost with a moisture content of approximately 35% in approximately 1 to 3 months, even in the open air, without causing the waste mushroom medium to rot or ferment. In other words, when open-air compost is produced using the method of the present invention, the generation of foul odors and black water due to decay is prevented, thereby preventing groundwater and soil contamination and easily producing excellent compost. The number of times the compost is turned over is not particularly limited, but it does not need to be done frequently to prevent the introduction of unwanted bacteria (airborne putrefactive bacteria). To improve the homogeneity of the compost, it can be turned over, for example, several times to approximately once a week (e.g., three times) over the aforementioned period of approximately 1 to 3 months.

[0022] In contrast, conventional composting of waste mushroom cultivation medium outdoors (piled up in the open) results in a foul odor, including the ammonia smell caused by decay and fermentation, water contamination due to black water produced by decay, and soil contamination due to nitrite nitrogen, and the medium does not dry out. In other words, when composting is done in an open-air pile, rainwater is absorbed, and an extremely strong foul odor is emitted, especially when turning over or spreading on farmland, deteriorating the surrounding environment. While waste mushroom cultivation medium piled up in the open reduces in volume over long periods of time, it has been pointed out that not only does it produce a foul odor, but contamination by nitrite nitrogen (a carcinogen) can seep into the soil and contaminate groundwater. This soil contamination and contamination by compost produced by decay and fermentation are factors that cause crop diseases and pests.

[0023] Furthermore, according to the present invention, the fermented and dried mushroom waste medium material and the piled-up compost can be used as a fermentation starter for better composting of organic matter such as livestock manure and food waste, and can be used in the same manner as the composting method for piled-up compost. When the mushroom waste medium is fermented and dried in an aerobic fermentation environment using beneficial bacteria, fermentation by putrefactive bacteria, which decompose proteins and generate ammonia, is prevented, resulting in a highly efficient fermentation material (fermented and dried mushroom waste medium material) known as a fermentation starter or bokashi starter. Furthermore, the method for using the fermented and dried mushroom waste medium material according to the present invention, which utilizes this fermentation material (fermented and dried mushroom waste medium material), provides an aerobic fermentation environment, thereby promoting the fermentation of livestock manure, an example of moisture-containing organic waste in the form of food waste, so that it dries out. This allows for the production of an excellent livestock manure-derived compost without generating unpleasant odors, including ammonia. In addition to this, other organic wastes can also be properly decomposed and composted, and of course, compost that has already been composted can be matured to produce better soil conditioners and fertilizers. When using the piled compost as the fermentation starter, the mixing ratio is not particularly limited, but because livestock manure and food waste contain a large amount of miscellaneous bacteria and the activity of useful bacteria is reduced, it is recommended to increase the mixing ratio by, for example, about 5 to 10 times compared to the mixing ratio of the fermented dried mushroom waste medium material when producing the piled compost.

[0024] Furthermore, according to this embodiment, the useful bacteria include actinomycetes and, in addition to the actinomycetes, at least one of edible bacteria selected from koji mold, natto bacteria, yeast, and lactic acid bacteria, thereby favorably promoting fermentation drying without generating ammonia. That is, the present invention achieves the aforementioned effects of preventing the generation of unpleasant odors by fermentation drying using a complex of useful bacteria without causing putrid fermentation that breaks down proteins and generates ammonia and water.

[0025] As an example of a fermented and dried mushroom waste medium material according to the present invention (a fermented material obtained by fermenting and drying mushroom waste medium using beneficial bacteria), Kinokoso (registered trademark), manufactured by Moriyodo Co., Ltd. (877-2 Shinbo, Nakano City, Nagano Prefecture), can be used. It is also possible to use a fermented and dried mushroom waste medium material molded into pellets, such as that described in Patent Document 5, as a fermentation and drying accelerator. Such pelletized material has the advantage of being easy to handle, as it contains fewer fine dust-like particles, and can promote fermentation and drying in the same way as a granular material by absorbing moisture and breaking down during use.

[0026] Although these beneficial bacteria can be said to be psychrophilic bacteria, they generate heat up to about 65°C during growth and fermentation. Because the beneficial bacteria generate fermentation heat, the fermented material is naturally dried using the fermentation of the beneficial bacteria and the resulting heat. In addition, generating heat to about 65°C helps prevent the development of insects.

[0027] Furthermore, in the fermentation drying method using the beneficial bacteria of the present invention, the dryness of organic matter in the form of food waste is ultimately increased by the action of actinomycetes to a level approaching the limit of dryness in the atmosphere. This makes it possible to process, for example, household food waste (food waste), a typical example of organic matter with a high moisture content, and recycle it into a high-quality organic resource.

[0028] Next, the characteristics of the fermentation material (fermented and dried waste mushroom medium material) according to the present invention will be described. The inventor (Hisakazu Ikeda) discovered that proper fermentation of waste mushroom culture medium allows nutrients to be produced. This property is achieved by properly fermenting and drying the components of waste mushroom culture medium, such as residual nutrients like rice bran and dead mushroom mycelia, without causing decomposition that generates ammonia and water, and instead allowing the beneficial bacteria of the complex fungi to act and ultimately produce amino acids.

[0029] That is, for example, useful bacteria including koji mold, natto bacteria (Bacillus subtilis), yeast, and lactic acid bacteria can produce sugars, amino acids, proteins, and enzymes, and produce nutrients for mushroom growth so that they can be reused as, for example, mushroom culture media (see Patent Document 4). The results of nutritional analysis have revealed that the fermented materials contain the same amount of amino acids (proteins) as the culture media before use for mushroom cultivation.

[0030] The present inventor (Ikeda Hisakazu) has already proposed methods for producing this fermentation material, including those described in the aforementioned Patent Documents 1 to 3 and 5. These methods for producing fermentation materials involve rapid fermentation and drying using beneficial bacteria, thereby repelling unwanted bacteria. In other words, adding beneficial bacteria immediately after scraping the waste mushroom culture medium from the mushroom cultivation bottles, at least before the proliferation of unwanted bacteria, ensures good fermentation. Furthermore, this production method utilizes the heat of fermentation for drying, and is based on natural drying in the atmosphere without heating. Therefore, fermentation can be carried out effectively even in winter. Because the drying method utilizes the biodegradation effect of fermentation itself and the heat of fermentation, the cost of the drying process can be reduced, allowing the fermentation material to be provided at low cost. However, fermentation can, of course, be accelerated by heating in winter.

[0031] The present invention has been described above in various ways using preferred embodiments, but the present invention is not limited to these embodiments, and it goes without saying that many modifications can be made within the scope of the invention without departing from the spirit of the invention. [Explanation of symbols]

[0032] 1. Greenhouse 2 Floorboards 3 Rotary type agitator 3a Closed loop trajectory 4 hollow 5 Waste mushroom culture medium 10 Sat 20 Drainage trench 30 Large-volume waste mushroom medium mixed with fermented and dried mushroom waste medium materials

Claims

1. The method for using the fermented and dried mushroom waste medium material is to spread it as an environmental purification material in livestock sheds that use a system in which manure is treated daily without using bedding on the floor, and the fermented and dried mushroom waste medium material is obtained by fermenting and drying the mushroom waste medium using useful bacteria that ferment and dry the mushroom waste medium so as to increase the amino acid content without generating ammonia, and the useful bacteria are a complex fungus that contains, in addition to the actinomycete, at least one of edible fungi such as koji mold, natto bacteria, yeast fungus, and lactic acid bacteria.

2. The method for using the fermented and dried mushroom waste medium material is characterized in that the fermented and dried mushroom waste medium material is obtained by fermenting and drying the mushroom waste medium using useful bacteria that ferment and dry the mushroom waste medium so as to increase the amino acid content without generating ammonia, and is mixed as a fermenting starter with a large volume of mushroom waste medium so as to be dispersed in an amount of 0.1% to 3% of the weight of the large volume of mushroom waste medium, and the large volume of mushroom waste medium is piled up on the ground in a well-drained location, and the large volume of mushroom waste medium is fermented and dried to produce piled up compost, and the useful bacteria are a complex fungus that includes, in addition to the actinomycetes, at least one edible fungus selected from the group consisting of koji mold, natto bacteria, yeast fungus, and lactic acid bacteria.

3. 3. The method for using the dried fermented waste mushroom medium material according to claim 2, wherein the piled compost is used as a fermentation starter culture for composting livestock excrement and food waste.

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