Composite bearing and method of making and using the same

Abstract

To provide an improved bearing particularly suitable for suspension assemblies.SOLUTION: An assembly includes: an inner member 28; an outer member 30; and a bearing 100 including a bearing sidewall including a flat portion, a first convex axial end, and a second convex axial end, where at least one of the inner and outer members is adapted to axially translate relative to the bearing, and where at least one of the first and second convex axial ends is adapted to induce formation of a film on the bearing sidewall during the axial translation of at least one of the inner and outer members.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 6

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present disclosure relates to bearing assemblies and methods of making and using the same. As a typical example, the assembly is used in bearings for suspension assemblies for vehicles. It can be done. [Background technology]

[0002] Bearings made of composite materials, including superimposed substrates and low-friction layers, are commonly available. Such bearings are used, for example, in suspension assemblies. A suspension assembly connects one vehicle component to another. and may be used to provide cushioning or damping to control component movement. Suspension assemblies are used in bicycles, motorcycles, ATVs, cars, trucks, and SU It can be used in vehicles such as aircraft, ships, or other vehicles. The suspension system is such that one component is connected between the inner component (shaft, etc.) The outer component (house) passes through another component with a bearing between the two components. However, current bearing designs are not designed to allow for movement of the vehicle. Desirable factors such as vibration, stick-slip, and friction within the suspension components This can contribute to poor performance, including sagging suspension, improper bump absorption, or undesirable conditions such as misalignment within the components of the suspension assembly. Therefore, it is particularly suitable for suspension assemblies. Improved bearings are needed. Summary of the Invention [Means for solving the problem]

[0003] The present disclosure can be better understood, and its many features and advantages better understood, by reference to the accompanying drawings. The advantages and drawbacks of this method will be apparent to those skilled in the art. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0004] [Figure 1] According to one embodiment, a method for manufacturing a bearing is included. [Figure 2A] 1 includes an illustration of a cross-sectional view of a bearing, according to one embodiment. [Figure 2B] 1 includes an illustration of a cross-sectional view of a bearing, according to one embodiment. [Figure 3] 1 includes an illustration of a bearing, according to many embodiments. [Figure 4] 1 includes an illustration of a bearing, according to many embodiments. [Figure 5A] 1 includes an illustration of a cross-sectional view of a bearing, according to many embodiments. [Figure 5B] 1 is an illustration of a cross-sectional view of a bearing, according to many embodiments. [Figure 6] 1 includes an illustration of a cross-sectional view of a bearing in an assembly, according to many embodiments. [Figure 7] 1 includes an illustration of a cross-sectional view of a bearing in an assembly, according to many embodiments. [Figure 8] 1 includes an illustration of a cross-sectional view of a bearing in an assembly, according to many embodiments. [Figure 9] 1 includes an illustration of a graph of dynamic friction force versus time in the axial direction of a bearing compared to an existing prior art bearing, according to many embodiments. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0005] Skilled artisans will appreciate that elements in the figures are illustrated for simplicity and clarity and are not necessarily drawn to scale. For example, the dimensions of some elements in the drawings are not intended to be limiting. may be exaggerated relative to other factors to help improve understanding. The use of the same reference symbols in different drawings indicates similar or identical items.

[0006] The following description in conjunction with the drawings is provided to aid in understanding the teachings disclosed herein. The following discussion focuses on specific implementations and embodiments of the teachings. are provided to aid in explaining the teachings and should not be interpreted as limitations on the scope or applicability of the teachings. However, other embodiments may be possible based on the teachings as disclosed herein. can be used.

[0007] "comprise", "comprising", "including" "include," "including," "has," "has The terms "having" or "having" or other variations thereof are intended to extend to a non-exclusive inclusion. For example, a method, article, or apparatus that includes a list of features does not necessarily The present invention is not limited to any feature not expressly listed or incorporated by reference in any such method, article, or device. Furthermore, unless expressly stated to the contrary, "OR" refers to an inclusive disjunction, not an exclusive disjunction. For example, condition A or B means that A is true (or exists) and B is false (or does not exist), A is false ( A is true (or does not exist) and B is true (or exists), and both A and B are true It is fulfilled by either being (or existing).

[0008] Also, the use of "a" or "an" describes elements and components described herein. This is done merely for convenience and to give a general sense of the scope of the invention. This description is used to refer to one, at least one, or several, unless the meaning is clear otherwise. The singular form should be read to include the plural, or vice versa. For example, Where a single embodiment is described in the specification, multiple embodiments may be used instead of the single embodiment. Similarly, where multiple embodiments are described herein, a single embodiment may be used. The embodiment may be replaced with a plurality of embodiments.

[0009] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein are defined by the present invention. The terms "materials, methods, and The examples are illustrative only and are not intended to be limiting. Many details regarding specific materials and processing practices are conventional, and bearings and bearing These may be found in textbooks and other sources in the art of assembly.

[0010] The embodiments described herein generally relate to bearings and bearings in assemblies. In certain embodiments, the bearing comprises: The bearing may have a bearing sidewall defining an axial length L of the bearing, the sidewall being flat. portion, a first convex axial end, and a second convex axial end.

[0011] For illustrative purposes, FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a forming process 10 for forming a bearing. The forming process 10 includes a first step 12 of providing a base material, a second step 13 of forming a composite material, and a third step 14 of forming a composite material. A second step 14 of coating the base material with a low friction coating to form a composite. A third step 16 may be included in which the material is formed into a bearing.

[0012] Referring to the first step 12, the base material may be a substrate. In some embodiments, the substrate may at least partially comprise a metal. For example, the metal may include iron, copper, titanium, tin, aluminum, alloys thereof, or It may also be another type of metal. More specifically, the substrate may be stainless steel, carbon steel, or The substrate may comprise, at least in part, steel such as spring steel. For example, the substrate may be 301 steel. The steel may be at least partially comprised of stainless steel. 301 stainless steel is 1 / 4 hardness , 1 / 2 hardness, 3 / 4 hardness, or full hardness. The substrate may comprise a woven mesh or an expanded metal grid.

[0013] FIG. 2A shows a first step 12 and a second step 14 of the fabrication process 10. For illustrative purposes, FIG. 2A includes an example of a composite material 1000 that may be formed from a second strip. 10 shows the layer-by-layer construction of composite material 1000 after step 14. In many embodiments, The composite material 1000 is formed on a substrate 1119 (i.e., the substrate 1119 described above and in the first step 12 provided base material), and low friction layer 1104 (i.e., applied in the second step 14 The low friction layer 1104 may include a low friction coating (a low friction coating applied to the substrate 1119). In certain embodiments, the low friction layer 1104 may be bonded to at least a portion of the , be bonded to the surface of the substrate 1119 so as to form a low-friction interface with another component. In the case of an annular component, such as a generally cylindrical component, the low friction layer 1104 The radially inner or outer surface of the substrate 1119 may be formed to form a low-friction interface with another component. The substrate 1119 can be bonded to a thickness of between about 1 micron and about 3000 microns. For example, between about 50 microns and about 1500 microns, for example, between about 100 microns and about 10 00 microns, for example, a thickness T between about 200 microns and 800 microns s have In many embodiments, the substrate 1119 is approximately 100 to 800 microns thick. Thickness T between s In many embodiments, the substrate 1119 may have a thickness of about 200 Thickness T between ~550 microns s The thickness T of the substrate 1119 may be s However, as mentioned above It is further understood that the minimum and maximum values ​​may be any value between any of the stated minimum and maximum values. The thickness of the substrate 1119 may be uniform, i.e., the first thickness of the substrate 1119 may be uniform. The thickness at a location can be equal to the thickness at a second location along the The thickness of the substrate 1119 may be non-uniform, i.e., the thickness of the first position of the substrate 1119 may be The thickness at one location can be different from the thickness at a second location along it. In an embodiment, the substrate 1119 is at least partially along the length of the composite material 1000. The film may be stretched by the stretching.

[0014] In many embodiments, the low friction layer 1104 can include a low friction material. The friction material may be, for example, polyketone, polyaramid, polyimide, polyetherimide, poly Phenylene sulfide, polyethersulfone, polysulfone, polyphenylene sulfide Polyamide-imide, ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene, fluoropolymer, polyamide, poly Benzimidazole, polyacetal, polybutylene terephthalate, polyethylene terephthalate phthalate, polyethylene, polyphenylene oxide, polyurethane, polyester, Polymers such as liquid crystal polymers (LCPs), their derivatives, or combinations thereof In a particular example, the low friction layer 1104 may include polyetheretherketone. (PEEK), polyetherketone, polyetherketoneketone, polyetherketone The present invention may also include polyketones such as terketones, their derivatives, or combinations thereof. In an additional example, the low friction layer 1104 may be fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP). , Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), Fluoroalkoxy (PFA), tetrafluoroethylene, hexafluoropropylene, and terpolymer of vinylidene fluoride (THV), polychlorotrifluoroethylene (P CTFE), ethylene tetrafluoroethylene copolymer (ETFE), or ethylene chloride including fluoropolymers such as trifluoroethylene copolymer (ECTFE) The low friction layer 1104 may be made of lithium soap, graphite, boron nitride, molybdenum disulfide, or the like. Den, tungsten disulfide, polytetrafluoroethylene, carbon nitride, tungsten carbide , or diamond-like carbon, metals (e.g., aluminum, zinc, copper, magnesium , tin, platinum, titanium, tungsten, iron, bronze, steel, spring steel, stainless steel), alloy Gold (including the listed metals), anodized metals (including the listed metals), or The composition may further comprise a solid-based material comprising any combination of the above.

[0015] In many embodiments, the low friction layer 1104 is made of fiberglass, carbon fiber, silicone, PEEK, aromatic polyester, carbon particles, bronze, fluoropolymer, thermoplastic filler, Aluminum oxide, polyamide-imide (PAI), PPS, polyphenylene sulfone (P PSO2), LCP, aromatic polyester, molybdenum disulfide, tungsten disulfide, Graphite, graphene, expanded graphite, boron nitride, talc, calcium fluoride, It may further comprise a filler comprising BaSO4, iron oxide, or any combination thereof. In addition, fillers include alumina, silica, titanium dioxide, calcium fluoride, boron nitride, Mica, wollastonite, silicon carbide, silicon nitride, zirconia, carbon black, Fillers may include beads, fibers, powders, pigments, or any combination thereof. The adhesive layer may be in the form of a powder, a mesh, or any combination thereof.

[0016] In one embodiment, the low friction layer 1104 is between about 1 micron and about 500 microns. For example, between about 10 microns and about 450 microns, for example, between about 50 microns and about 350 microns. Between the layers, for example, a thickness T between about 100 microns and about 300 microns FL Having In many embodiments, the low friction layer 1104 has a thickness of about 50 to 330 microns. Thickness T between FL The low friction layer 1104 may have a thickness T FL But as mentioned above It will be further understood that the value may be any value between any of the minimum and maximum values. The thickness of the low friction layer 1104 may be uniform, i.e., the first The thickness at a location can be equal to the thickness at a second location along the The thickness of the low friction layer 1104 may be non-uniform, i.e., The thickness at one location can be different from the thickness at a second location along it. The low friction layer 1104 may be on one major surface of the substrate 1119 as shown, or on both. The substrate 1119 may be at least partially covered by a low friction layer 1104. The low friction layer 1104 may be partially encapsulated, i.e., the low friction layer 1104 may be at least partially encapsulated. The axial surface of the substrate 1119 may be exposed from the low friction layer 1104. It may or may not be exposed.

[0017] In one embodiment, the composite material 1001 also includes a low friction layer 1104 attached to a substrate 1119 ( That is, at least one material that may be bonded to the base material provided in the first step 12 The adhesive layer 1121 and the low friction layer 1104 (i.e., the layer applied in the second step 14) In another alternative embodiment, the solid components may include a low friction coating. The substrate 1119, such as a woven mesh or expanded metal grid, is 104 and the substrate 1119. It's okay to be surrounded.

[0018] The adhesive layer 1121 is made of epoxy resin, polyimide resin, polyether / polyamide copolymer, or the like. Polymer, ethylene vinyl acetate, ethylene tetrafluoroethylene (ETFE), E TFE copolymer, perfluoroalkoxy (PFA), or any combination thereof Any known adhesive material common to the bearing art, including (but not limited to) In addition, the adhesive may contain -C=O, -COR, -COH, -COOH, -C -OOR, -CF2=CF-OR, or any combination thereof R may contain at least one functional group, and R may be a cyclic or linear alkyl group containing between 1 and 20 carbon atoms. In addition, the adhesive may include a copolymer. The hot melt adhesive has a melting temperature of 450°C or less, for example, 320°C or less. In another embodiment, the adhesive can be heated at temperatures above 300°C, for example above 220°C. In a further embodiment, the melting temperature of the hot melt adhesive is 2 The temperature can be higher than 50° C., or even higher than 300° C. The adhesive layer 1121 Between about 1 micron and about 100 microns, for example, between about 10 microns and about 50 microns Thickness T AL In many embodiments, adhesive layer 1121 can have a thickness of about Thickness T between 20 and 50 microns AL The adhesive layer 1121 may have a thickness T AL teeth It is further understood that , may be any value between any of the minimum and maximum values ​​stated above. It will be understood that the thickness of the adhesive layer 1121 may be uniform, i.e., the adhesive The thickness of the adhesive layer 1121 at a first location is equal to the thickness at a second location along the adhesive layer. The thickness of the adhesive layer 1121 may be non-uniform, i.e., The thickness of the deposition layer 1121 at a first location is different from the thickness at a second location along the deposition layer 1121. It is possible.

[0019] 2B includes an illustration of another embodiment. According to this particular embodiment, composite material 100 3, the composite material 1003 also includes at least one corrosion protection layer 1704, 1705, and 1708, and the substrate 1119 (i.e., the base provided in the first step 12 material) and low friction layer 1104 (i.e., the low friction coating applied in the second step 14). The adhesive layer 1127 may bond to the adhesive layer 1129. 2A, except that it may include a corrosion-resistant layer 1125. may be.

[0020] The substrate 1119 is coated with a corrosion protection layer 1704 to prevent corrosion of the substrate 1119 before processing. and 1705. In addition, a corrosion protection layer 1708 may be coated on top of layer 1704. Each of the layers 1704, 1705, and 1708 can be about 1 to 50 microns thick. The thickness of the layers 1704 and 1705 may be, for example, about 7 to 15 microns. 5 is a phosphate of zinc, iron, manganese, or any combination thereof, or a nanoceramic acid salt. Additionally, layers 1704 and 1705 may include functional silanes, nano-silanes, and Scale silane-based primers, hydrolyzed silanes, organosilane adhesion promoters, solvent Agent / Water-based silane primer, chlorinated polyolefin, passivated surface, commercially available zinc ( mechanical / galvanic), or zinc-nickel coating, or any combination thereof Layer 1708 may include a functional silane, a nanoscale silane-based Primers, Hydrolyzed Silanes, Organosilane Adhesion Promoters, Solvent / Water-Based Silanes The corrosion protection layers 1704, 1706, and 1708 may include a primer. The material can be removed or retained.

[0021] As described above, the composite material 1003 may further include a corrosion-resistant layer 1125. 1125 is about 1 to 50 microns, for example, about 5 to 20 microns, and for example, about 7 to 1 The corrosion resistant layer 1125 may have a thickness of 5 microns. and epoxy layer 1129. Adhesion promoter layer 1127 may include zinc, iron, manganese, phosphates of tin, tin, or any combination thereof, or nanoceramic layers The adhesion promoter layer 1127 can be a functional silane, a nanoscale silane-based Layer, Hydrolyzed Silane, Organosilane Adhesion Promoter, Solvent / Water-Based Silane Primer, Chlorine oxidized polyolefin, passivated surface, commercial zinc (mechanical / galvanic) or zinc- The epoxy layer may include a nickel coating, an epoxy layer, a nickel coating, or any combination thereof. 1129 is available in heat-cured epoxy, UV-cured epoxy, IR-cured epoxy, and electron beam-cured epoxy. It can be epoxy, radiation cured epoxy, or air cured epoxy. The layer 1129 is made of polyglycidyl ether, diglycidyl ether, bisphenol A, Bisphenol F, oxirane, oxacyclopropane, ethylene oxide, 1,2-ethylene Epoxypropane, 2-methyloxirane, 9,10-epoxy-9,10-dihydroan The epoxy layer 1129 may include: The curing agent may further include an amine, an acid anhydride, a phenol novolac polymer, or the like. phenolic compounds such as thiazolinone [N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)maleimide] (PHPMI) Volac hardener, resol phenol formaldehyde, fatty amine compound, anhydrous polycarbonate Carbonates, polyacrylates, isocyanates, encapsulated polyisocyanates, trifluoromethane Boron fluoride amine complex, chromium-based hardener, polyamide, or any combination thereof Generally, anhydrides can have the chemical formula RC=OOC=O-R' and R can be calculated by C as explained above. X H Y X Z A U can be Amines include monoethylamine, diethylenetriamine, triethylenetetramine, etc. aliphatic amines such as cycloaliphatic amines, aromatic amines such as cycloaliphatic amines, Aliphatic amines, amidoamines, polyamides, dicyandiamide, imidazole derivatives, etc. or any combination thereof. Generally, the amine may be a primary amine , a secondary amine, or a tertiary amine according to the formula R1R2R3N, where R is , as explained above, C X H Y X Z A U In one embodiment, , the epoxy layer 1129 may contain carbon fillers, carbon fibers, carbon particles, to improve electrical conductivity. Metallic fillers such as graphite, bronze, aluminum, and other metals and their alloys fillers, metal oxide fillers, metal-coated carbon fillers, metal-coated polymer fillers, or any of their The conductive filler may be any combination of fillers that allow electrical current to pass through the epoxy. A coated bearing that can be allowed to pass through the coating and does not have conductive fillers. The electrical conductivity of coated bearings can be increased compared to coated bearings.

[0022] In one embodiment, the composite material 1000, 1003 has a thickness in the range of 0.01 mm to 4 mm. For example, in the range of 0.15 mm to 2.5 mm, or even in the range of 0.2 mm to 1 mm. Thickness T SW The composite material 1000, 1003 may have a thickness T SW But, in the above It is further understood that the minimum and maximum values ​​may be any value between any of the stated minimum and maximum values. The thickness T of the composite material 1000, 1003 SW may be uniform, i.e. That is, the thickness of the composite material 1000, 1003 at a first location is The thickness T of the composite material 1000, 1003 can be equal to the thickness at SW teeth, It may be non-uniform, i.e., the thickness of the composite material 1000, 1003 at the first location. The thickness can be different from the thickness at a second location therealong.

[0023] In one embodiment, the composite material as described above under step 14 of FIG. Both layers 1000 and 1003 are arranged in rolls to be bonded to each other. The bond can be applied under pressure, optionally at elevated temperatures (e.g. The composite material 100 as described above may be bonded by bonding, for example, hot pressing, or by adhesive. 0 layers may be stacked together so that they at least partially overlap each other. good.

[0024] FIG. 3 illustrates a method for forming a semiconductor device, generally designated 100, using the materials and methods described above. 1 shows a cross-sectional view illustrating an embodiment of a completed bearing in use. In an embodiment, the bearing 100 may be a plain bearing. In an embodiment, the bearing 100 may be a plain bearing. 500 may extend axially relative to the central axis 500. The central axis 500 may extend axially relative to the bearing. The bearing 100 is oriented to extend longitudinally along the length of the bearing 100. The bearing 100 may include a bearing sidewall 102 that forms an annular shape. It may include one axial end or edge 103 and a second axial end or edge 105. The bearing may have an inner radial end 104 and an outer radial end or edge 106. The bearing sidewall has a first axial end or edge 103 (when viewed in longitudinal cross section) and Between the second axial end or edge 105 is a flat portion 110, a first convex axial The bearing 100 may include a first convex axial end 120 and a second convex axial end 130. The first convex axial end 120 and the second convex axial end 130 are 00 flat portion 110. As used herein, flat portion The minutes 100 are in the context of an axial cross section taken parallel to the central axis 500. Essentially, the flat portion 110 forms a cylindrical shape. may be substantially parallel to the central axis 500.

[0025] FIG. 4 shows a top view of an embodiment of a bearing 100. As shown in FIG. The ends of bearing 100 are provided with axial gaps extending axially along bearing side walls 102. The bearing 100 may contact the center axis 500 of the non-linear motion. Axial gaps 170 extending diagonally and / or obliquely are also possible. In this embodiment, the axial gap 170 is welded to form the bearing 100. or may be otherwise coupled by other means. , the axial gap 170 is bonded to facilitate assembly of the bearing 100. It may remain unaffected.

[0026] 3 and 4, the bearing 100 may include a hole 50. The hole 50 may include: Extends down the axial length of the bearing 100 and houses the internal components of the assembly The holes 50 may be parallel to the central axis 500. The holes 50 may be It may be formed by bending a planar composite material 1000, 1003 into a generally cylindrical shape. Geometric formations may be formed in the bearing sidewall 102 by a variety of means. Optionally, bearing 100 may include a radial flange (not shown).

[0027] In many embodiments, as shown in FIG. 3, the bearing 100 has a thickness T. T can be in the range of 0.01 mm to 3.5 mm, for example, 0.15 mm to 2. It can be in the range of 5 mm, or even in the range of 0.2 mm to 1 mm. The thickness T may be within a range between any of the minimum and maximum values ​​stated above. It will be understood that the thickness T of the bearing can be determined by the thickness of the composite material 10 Thickness T of 00, 1001, 1002 sw The thickness of the bearing 100 may be the same as T may be uniform, i.e., the thickness at a first location is the same as the thickness at a second location along it. The thickness T of the bearing 100 may be non-uniform. That is, the thickness at a first location may be greater than the thickness at a second location along the The thickness T of the bearing 100 can be different from the thickness of the composite material 1000, 1003. Thickness T sw may be substantially the same as

[0028] In many embodiments, as shown in FIG. 3, the bearing 100 is and has an overall length L from the axial end or edge 103 to the second axial end or edge 105. and L is in the range of 5 mm to 100 mm, for example, in the range of 10 mm to 50 mm, or It can also be in the range of 15 mm to 30 mm. The ring 100 may have an overall length L between about 5 and 100 mm. The total length L, where L0 may be any value between any of the minimum and maximum values ​​stated above. It will be further understood that the bearing sidewall 102 may have a bearing An overall length L of ring 100 may be defined.

[0029] In many embodiments, as shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, the bearing 100 includes a It may have an overall outer radius OR from the core axis 500 to the outer radial end or edge 106, O R is in the range of 1.5 mm to 100 mm, for example, in the range of 3 mm to 50 mm, or even 4 The total outer radius OR can be in the range of 100 mm to 20 mm. In many embodiments, the bearing 100 has a diameter of about 1.5 to 5 The bearing 100 may have an overall outer radius between 0 and 10 mm. The total outer radius may be any value between the minimum and maximum values ​​given. It will be understood that it is possible.

[0030] In many embodiments, as shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, the bearing 100 includes a It may have an overall inner radius IR from the core axis 500 to the inner radial end or edge 104, I R is in the range of 1 mm to 100 mm, for example, in the range of 2.5 mm to 50 mm, or even 3 The inner radius IR can range from 0.5 mm to 20 mm. In many embodiments, the bearing 100 may vary along a range of about 1 to 50 The bearing 100 may have an overall inner radius IR between 100 mm and 150 mm. The total inner radius IR can be any value between the minimum and maximum values. It will be understood that

[0031] 5A and 5B illustrate a completed bearing 100 according to a number of different embodiments. 5A illustrates a cross-sectional view of the bearing sidewall 102 or the first portion of the bearing 100. The convex axial end 120 and the second convex axial end 130 are directed toward the inner member 28. Alternatively, FIG. 5B illustrates a bearing 100 having a bearing sidewall 102 that is convex inward. 02 or the first convex axial end 120 of the bearing 100 and the second convex axial Illustrated is a bearing 100 in which the end 130 is convex outward toward the outer member 30. As shown, the first convex axial end 120 has a first convex axial end surface R1. The first convex axial end surface R1 may be convex axially outwardly or inwardly. Furthermore, the second convex axial end 130 may be formed so as to have a first convex axial end surface R The second convex axial end surface R2 may be axially outwardly or inwardly convex. may be.

[0032] In one embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 5A and 5B, the flat portion 110 has a length of The bearing 100 may include a length L1, where L1 is at least 2.5 times the axial length L of the bearing 100. %, for example, at least 5% of the axial length L, for example, at least 7% of the axial length L 0.5%, e.g., at least 10% of the axial length L, e.g., at least At least 15% of the axial length L, for example, at least 20% of the axial length L, for example, at least At least 25%, for example, at least 30% of the axial length L, for example, at least 25% of the axial length L At least 40% of the axial length L, for example, at least 50% of the axial length L, for example, At least 60% of the length L, for example, at least 70% of the axial length L, for example, at least 60% of the axial length L, for example, at least 70% of the axial length L at least 80% of the longitudinal length L, for example at least 90% of the axial length L, or , which is at least 95% of the axial length L.

[0033] In one embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 5A and 5B, the first convex axial end The portion 120 may include a length L2, where L2 is a fraction of the axial length L of the bearing 100. At least 2.5%, for example, at least 5% of the axial length L, for example, at least 2.5% of the axial length L At least 7.5% of the axial length L, for example, at least 10% of the axial length L, for example, At least 15% of the length L, e.g., at least 20% of the axial length L, e.g., at least 15% of the axial length L, e.g., at least 20% of the axial length L At least 25% of the axial length L, for example, at least 30% of the axial length L, for example, At least 40% of the axial length L, or for example, at least 50% of the axial length L be.

[0034] In one embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 5A and 5B, the second convex axial end The portion 130 may include a length L3, where L3 is a fraction of the axial length L of the bearing 100. At least 2.5%, for example, at least 5% of the axial length L, for example, at least 2.5% of the axial length L At least 7.5% of the axial length L, for example, at least 10% of the axial length L, for example, At least 15% of the length L, e.g., at least 20% of the axial length L, e.g., at least 15% of the axial length L, e.g., at least 20% of the axial length L At least 25% of the axial length L, for example, at least 30% of the axial length L, for example, At least 40% of the axial length L, or for example, at least 50% of the axial length L be.

[0035] FIG. 6 illustrates a completed bearing 100 in an assembly 1000, according to many embodiments. An exemplary side view is shown. The assembly 1000 further includes an inner member 28 and an outer member 30. At least one of the inner member or the outer member 30 may be a shaft, rod, or tube. The outer member 30 may include a housing in the assembly. As shown in FIG. 6, the bearing 100 is disposed between the inner member 28 and the outer member 30. can be.

[0036] In one embodiment, the inner member 28 is any suitable member commonly used in sliding assembly technology. The inner component 28 may comprise any material capable of withstanding axial and longitudinal forces. In certain embodiments, the material may include any suitable material having sufficient rigidity. In another embodiment, the inner member 28 may comprise a polymer. 28 is a metal or alloy (aluminum, zinc, copper, magnesium, tin, titanium, tang) steel, iron, bronze, steel, spring steel, stainless steel, etc. The inner member 28 may be attached by welding, adhesive, fasteners, threading, or any other suitable method. It may consist of a single part, two parts or several parts joined together by suitable fastening means. can be formed.

[0037] In one embodiment, the outer member 30 may be any suitable material commonly used in sliding assembly technology. The outer member 30 may comprise any material suitable for withstanding axial and longitudinal forces. It may comprise any suitable material having sufficient rigidity. The outer member 30 may comprise a polymer. In another embodiment, the outer member 30 is made of metal or alloy (aluminum, zinc, copper, magnesium, tin, titanium, tungsten Such materials include (but are not limited to) copper, iron, bronze, steel, spring steel, and stainless steel. The outer member 30 can be attached by welding, adhesive, fasteners, threading, or any other suitable method. Formed from a single piece, two pieces, or several pieces joined together by fastening means It can be done.

[0038] In one embodiment, the bearing 100 is formed between the inner member 28 and the outer member 30. For example, the bearing 100 may translate in unison with at least one of the outer members 30. The inner member 28 may be fixed in position relative to the outer member 30 and the bearing 100. Alternatively, bearing 100 may be positionally attached to inner member 28. The outer member 30 may be fixed and may be longitudinally oriented relative to the inner member 28 and bearing 100. It may also be translated in the direction.

[0039] In one embodiment, at least one of the inner member 28 or the outer member 30 is a bearing. For bearing 100, at least 2.5% of the axial length L of bearing 100, e.g. At least 5% of the axial length L, for example, at least 7.5% of the axial length L, for example For example, at least 10% of the axial length L, for example, at least 15% of the axial length L, For example, at least 20% of the axial length L, for example, at least 25% of the axial length L %, for example, at least 30% of the axial length L, for example, at least 40%, for example, at least 50% of the axial length L, for example, at least At least 60%, for example, at least 70% of the axial length L, for example, at least At least 80%, for example, at least 90% of the axial length L, or The length L may be adapted to translate axially by at least 100%. In this embodiment, at least one of the inner member 28 or the outer member 30 is attached to the bearing 100. For example, at least 0.01 mm, for example, at least 0.05 mm, at least 0.1 mm, at least 0.15 mm, at least 0.2 mm, at least 0.25 mm, Axial translation of at least 0.3 mm, at least 0.5 mm, or at least 1 mm In many embodiments, the inner member 28 or the outer member 30 may be adapted to At least one should be 500mm or less, for example, 400mm or less, relative to the bearing 100. Bottom, 300mm or less, 200mm or less, 150mm or less, 100mm or less, 50mm or less , 25 mm or less, or 10 mm.

[0040] FIG. 7 illustrates a completed bearing 100 in assembly 1000, according to many embodiments. 1 shows an enlarged view illustrating the first convex axial end 120. In many embodiments, The first convex axial end 120 or the second convex axial end 13 of the bearing 100 At least one of the zeros may be continuously convex. "Continuously convex" refers to the first axial end 103 or the second axial end 104 of the bearing 100. The slopes are asymptotically tangent from either of the portions 105 to the flat portion 110. The first convex axial end of the bearing 100 may be defined as increasing to At least one of the first convex axial end 120 or the second convex axial end 130 is at least 0.05 m m, for example, at least 0.1 mm, at least 0.15 mm, at least 0.25 mm , at least 0.5mm, at least 1mm, at least 5mm, at least 15mm, At least 25mm, at least 50mm, at least 100mm, at least 250m The radius of curvature may be at least 500 mm, or at least 100 mm. In this embodiment, the first convex axis of the bearing sidewall 102 or the bearing 100 At least one of the axial end 120 or the second convex axial end 130 may be chamfered, turned, or by at least one of: reaming, forging, extruding, molding, sintering, rolling, or casting. It may be formed.

[0041] In at least one embodiment, assembly 1000 includes any of its components. In at least one embodiment, the film 55 may include a lubricant in the form of a lubricant. Lubricants include lithium soap, lithium disulfide, graphite, mineral or vegetable oil, and silicone. Corn grease, fluoroether-based grease, Apiezon, food-grade grease The grease may include at least one of a petrochemical grease, a petrochemical grease, or a different type. In at least one embodiment, the lubricant may be of Group I to Group II. Loop III+ oil, paraffin oil, naphthenic oil, aromatic oil, biolubricant, castor oil, Nora oil, palm oil, sunflower seed oil, rapeseed oil, tall oil, lanolin, synthetic oil, polyal Polyolefins, synthetic esters, polyalkylene glycols, phosphate esters, alkyl alkylated naphthalene, silicate ester, ionic fluid, multiply alkylated cyclopentane, stone The oil may include at least one of an oleochemical-based oil, or a different type In at least one embodiment, the lubricant may be lithium soap, graphite, , boron nitride, molybdenum disulfide, tungsten disulfide, polytetrafluoroethylene, It may include a solid-based lubricant containing at least one of a metal, a metal alloy, or a different It may be a type.

[0042] In many embodiments, the inner member 28 or the outer member 30 for the bearing 100 The axial translation of at least one of the inner member 28 or the outer member 30 The formation of a film 55 may be induced on the bearing sidewall 102 during axial translation. This can be achieved by either the first convex axial end 120 or the second convex axial end 130 of the bearing 100. At least one of the ends 130 may be responsible for inducing the formation of the film 55. In most embodiments, the first convex axial end 120 or the second convex axial end 130 of the bearing 100 is At least one of the convex axial ends 130 of the bearing 100 is The formation of the film 55 may be induced on the flat portion 110 of the fluid film 502. 5 triggers the movement of at least one of the inner member 28 or the outer member 30 during movement between the components. The induction of fluid film 55 may occur during axial translation. During the cyclic movement, during axial translation of at least one of the inner member 28 or the outer member 30 The induction of fluid film 55 may occur when at least one of inner member 28 or outer member 30 During another axial translation, the lubricant flows through the axially adjacent components of the assembly 1000. From the beginning, the first convex axially inward end 120 of the bearing 100 and the second convex axially inward end 122 of the bearing 100 are This occurs when the slits 130 are pulled inward adjacent to at least one of the facing ends 130. The film 55 may propagate to the flat portion 110 of the bearing. When the outer member 30 translates relative to the bearing 100, the lubricant 55 flows through the first convex portion. the bearing along either the first axial end 120 or the second convex axial end 130 5A and 5B, the viscous The wedge has a flat portion 110 that is aligned with the first convex axial end 120 or the second convex axial end 122. The viscous wedge may be formed proximal to the point where the fluid film 55 contacts either of the portions 130. Developed between the bearing surfaces R1, R2 and the translating inner component 28 or outer component 30 The first convex axial end 120 or the second axial end 130 The flat portion 110 is either the first convex axial end 120 or the second convex axial end 120. The directional ends 130 may contact the flat portion 110 at the point of contact.

[0043] FIG. 8 illustrates an assembly 1000 in the form of a suspension assembly for a vehicle. In this non-limiting embodiment, the assembly 1000 is a vehicle such as a motorcycle or bicycle. An exemplary front fork shock absorber suspension assembly for a motorcycle such as In the assembly 1000, the steerer 802 is made up of two inner posts 806. , 808 (or inner member 28 as described herein) The inner posts 806, 808 may be paired with a pair of upper caps 810, The head portion 804 may be paired with the head portion 804 via the sliders 812. The outer member 30 (as described herein) is inserted through the head tube 804 and into the inner support column. The sliders 816 and 818 can be positioned on the arches 8 20. Bearings 822, 824 maintain alignment and To prevent contact between the inner posts 806, 808 and the sliders 816, 818, It can be disposed between the side struts 806, 808 and the sliders 816, 818. Bearings 800 and 824 are substantially similar to bearing 100, as previously described. Optionally, the boot 830 can be configured to protect against bare To help prevent contamination of the sliding surfaces of the ring 100 and / or to provide a damping effect Alternatively, the bearing 100 may be disposed on one of the inner struts 806, 808. may be used in the assembly 1000 for other suspension components.

[0044] FIG. 9 illustrates a comparison of a bearing, according to various embodiments, with an existing prior art bearing. 1 illustrates a graph of dynamic friction force versus time in the axial direction. Bearing P1 is a known leading Bearing P2 is a known prior art bearing. The ring TR1 is a bearing 100 according to the embodiment shown herein. As such, the embodiments of bearing 100 shown herein have a convex surface. Improved ( It has reduced dynamic friction performance.

[0045] The various embodiments disclosed herein have significant advantages over conventional solutions. According to embodiments herein, improved dynamic friction performance and stick-stop performance can be achieved. A bearing having a lip feature is provided. Furthermore, various bearing embodiments are Furthermore, the present invention provides improved stabilization between the other components of the assembly. For example, various bearings may provide easy installation and incorporate existing assemblies. Additionally, the use of a low friction layer in the bearings reduces friction between the inner and outer components during translation. The bearings of various embodiments may be used between mating components. When used, it may also provide improved slip force control. Bearings of this type are used to prevent vibrations, stick-slip, and and may reduce or eliminate undesirable properties such as friction.

[0046] Many different aspects and embodiments are possible. Some of these aspects and embodiments are listed below. After reading and understanding this specification, those skilled in the art will recognize that these aspects and embodiments are merely examples. It will be understood that the present invention is illustrative and does not limit the scope of the present invention. The present invention may be implemented in accordance with any one or more of the following embodiments.

[0047] Embodiment 1. The assembly includes an inner member, an outer member, a flat portion, a first convex axis a bearing having a bearing sidewall with a convex axial end and a second convex axial end; At least one of the inner member or the outer member is axially translatable relative to the bearing. and at least one of the first convex axial end or the second convex axial end is adapted to and one of the bearings is moved toward the bearing during axial translation of at least one of the inner member or the outer member. It is adapted to induce the formation of a film on the wall.

[0048] Embodiment 2. A method includes the steps of providing an inner member and providing an outer member. providing a bearing disposed between the inner member and the outer member, The ring has a flat portion, a first convex axial end, and a second convex axial end. a step having a bearing sidewall that induces the formation of a film on the bearing sidewall; At least one of the inner member or the outer member is axially moved relative to the bearing to generate a and translating the

[0049] Embodiment 3. In the assembly or method of embodiment 1 or 2, the first convex axial direction At least one of the end or the second convex axial end is continuously convex.

[0050] Embodiment 4. In the assembly or method of any one of embodiments 1 to 3, the first convex shaft At least one of the linear end or the second convex axial end is at least 0.05 mm has a radius of curvature of

[0051] Embodiment 5. The assembly or method of any of embodiments 1-4, wherein the bearing is: A substrate is provided.

[0052] Embodiment 6. The assembly or method of embodiment 5, wherein the substrate is made of plastic, metal , or ceramic.

[0053] Embodiment 7. The assembly or method of embodiment 5, wherein the substrate is steel or stainless steel. Includes.

[0054] Embodiment 8. The assembly or method of embodiment 5, wherein the bearing is on a substrate. It further comprises a low friction layer.

[0055] Embodiment 9. The assembly or method of embodiment 8, wherein the low friction layer is a polyketone, polypropylene, Riramid, thermoplastic polyimide, polyetherimide, polyphenylene sulfide, Polyethersulfone, polysulfone, polyphenylenesulfone, polyamideimide, ultra High molecular weight polyethylene, thermoplastic fluoropolymer, polyamide, polybenzimidazole or any combination thereof.

[0056] Embodiment 10. The assembly or method of embodiment 8, wherein the low friction layer is a fluoropoly Including Ma.

[0057] Embodiment 11. In the assembly or method of any one of embodiments 5 to 10, a bearing further comprising an adhesive layer between the substrate and the low friction layer.

[0058] Embodiment 12. The assembly or method of embodiment 11, wherein the adhesive layer is an epoxy resin. Fat, Polyimide resin, Polyether / Polyamide copolymer, Ethylene vinyl acetate, ET FE copolymer, or any combination thereof.

[0059] Embodiment 13. The assembly or method of any of embodiments 1-12, wherein the film is , a lubricant comprising at least one of water, grease, or oil.

[0060] Embodiment 14. In the assembly or method of any one of embodiments 1 to 13, the assembly is a suspension assembly for a vehicle.

[0061] Embodiment 15. In the assembly or method of any one of embodiments 1 to 14, a bearing has an axial gap.

[0062] Embodiment 16. The assembly or method of any one of embodiments 1 to 15, wherein the film The formation is induced in the flat portion of the bearing sidewall.

[0063] Embodiment 17. In the assembly or method of any one of embodiments 1 to 16, a bearing At least one of the first convex axial end or the second convex axial end is chamfered. , turning, reaming, forging, extruding, molding, sintering, rolling, or casting Thus, it is formed.

[0064] Embodiment 18. In the assembly or method of any one of embodiments 1 to 17, the inner member or At least one of the outer members is a rod, shaft, or tube within the bicycle assembly. is.

[0065] Embodiment 19. In the assembly or method of any of embodiments 1 to 18, the length L is: It is between about 5 and 100 mm.

[0066] Embodiment 20. In the assembly or method of any one of embodiments 1 to 19, a bearing has an outer radius IR between about 5 and 25 mm.

[0067] Not all of the features described above may be required, and some of the particular features may not be required. It should be noted that one or more features may be provided in addition to the features described. Furthermore, the order in which the features are described is not necessarily the order in which the features are provided.

[0068] For clarity, certain features described herein in the context of separate embodiments may also be used in conjunction with Conversely, for the sake of brevity, the following may be provided in combination in a single implementation: Various features described in the context of embodiments may also be provided separately or in any subcombination. This may be done.

[0069] Benefits, other advantages, and solutions to problems have been described above with regard to specific embodiments. any advantages, benefits, and solutions that may give rise to or make more pronounced. , solutions to problems, and optional features may be any or all of the essential features of the claims, It should not be construed as a distinctive feature or essential characteristic.

[0070] The detailed description and illustrations of the embodiments set forth herein are provided to provide a general understanding of the structure of the various embodiments. The details and examples are intended to provide a solution to the problems of the structures or methods described herein. Serves as a comprehensive and comprehensive description of all elements and features of the devices and systems used Separate embodiments may also be combined in a single embodiment. Conversely, examples that are described in the context of a single embodiment may be presented in combination for the sake of brevity. The various features may also be provided separately or in any subcombination. Reference to a stated value includes any and all values ​​within that range. Many other embodiments are Other embodiments may become apparent to those skilled in the art only after reading and understanding this disclosure. Structural and logical substitutions or any changes may be made without departing from the scope of the present invention. Any such modifications may be made and derived from this disclosure. should be considered merely illustrative.

Claims

1. An inner member; An outer member; A bearing having a flat portion, a first convex axial end, and a second convex axial end. a bearing having a ring side wall; An assembly comprising: At least one of the inner member or the outer member is axially aligned with the bearing. and the first convex axial end or the second convex axial end is adapted to translate in a direction perpendicular to the axis of the shaft. At least one of the opposing ends is aligned with the axis of at least one of the inner member or the outer member. adapted to induce film formation on the bearing sidewall during translation in the direction Assembly.

2. providing an inner member; providing an outer member; providing a bearing disposed between the inner member and the outer member. The bearing has a flat portion, a first convex axial end, and a second convex axial end. a step having a bearing sidewall with a directional end; to the bearing to induce film formation on the bearing sidewalls. axially translating at least one of the inner member or the outer member using a A method comprising:

3. At least one of the first convex axial end or the second convex axial end 3. An assembly or method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the surface is continuously convex.

4. At least one of the first convex axial end or the second convex axial end 3. The assembly of claim 1 or 2, having a radius of curvature of at least 0.05 mm. method.

5. 3. An assembly or method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the bearing comprises a substrate.

6. 6. The assembly of claim 5, wherein the substrate comprises plastic, metal, or ceramic. or method.

7. 6. The assembly or method of claim 5, wherein the substrate comprises steel or stainless steel.

8. 6. The assembly of claim 5, wherein the bearing further comprises a low friction layer on the substrate. or method.

9. The low friction layer is made of a material selected from the group consisting of polyketone, polyaramid, thermoplastic polyimide, and polyetherimide. Polyphenylene sulfide, polyethersulfone, polysulfone, polyphenylene Polysulfone, polyamideimide, ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene, thermoplastic fluoropolymer, 9. The method of claim 8, comprising: forming a polyamide, a polybenzimidazole, or any combination thereof. Assembly or method according to claim 1.

10. 10. The assembly or method of claim 8, wherein the low friction layer comprises a fluoropolymer.

11. 6. The bearing of claim 5, further comprising an adhesive layer between the substrate and the low friction layer. Assembly or method according to claim 1.

12. The adhesive layer may be made of an epoxy resin, a polyimide resin, a polyether / polyamide copolymer, or the like. ethylene vinyl acetate, ETFE copolymer, or any combination thereof; 12. An assembly or method according to claim 11.

13. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the film comprises a lubricant comprising at least one of water, grease, or oil.

3. An assembly or method according to claim 1 or 2.

14. 3. An assembly or method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the bearing comprises an axial gap. Law.

15. The formation of the film is induced at the flat portion of the bearing sidewall.

3. An assembly or method according to claim 1 or 2.

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