Fireproof floor structure

Abstract

To provide a fireproof floor structure that is easy to manufacture and suppresses increases in vehicle weight and costs.SOLUTION: In a fireproof floor structure 1, a space is formed between a lower plate 4 which is arranged above underfloor equipment, and an upper plate 2 which is arranged above and parallel to the lower plate 4. The upper plate 2 is supported by a support section made of a resin material 6 and a square pipe material 8. Within the space surrounded by the upper plate 2, the lower plate 4, and the support section, a compound 10 containing water of crystallization is arranged on an upper surface of the lower plate 4. When the lower plate 4 is heated by a fire, the compound 10 undergoes a dehydration reaction, generating water vapor.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 2

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a fire-resistant floor structure that retards heat transfer to the interior of a railway vehicle in the event of an underfloor fire. [Background technology]

[0002] Various fire-resistant floor structures have been proposed to prevent heat transfer to the interior of a vehicle for a certain period of time in the event of a fire occurring in under-floor equipment.

[0003] Figure 7 shows a conventional floor structure of a railway vehicle. The upper structure 100 of the floor structure is constructed such that the upper part of a floor infill 102 is covered with a floor covering 101. A subfloor 103 filled with heat insulating material 104 is provided below this upper structure 100. The lower part of the heat insulating material 104 is covered with a subfloor pan 105. Underfloor equipment is placed below this subfloor pan 105.

[0004] With this configuration, even if a fire breaks out from underfloor equipment, the subfloor pan 105 and the heat insulating material 104 can delay the conduction of heat to the inside of the vehicle.

[0005] The technology for a floor structure having a subfloor as described above is described in Patent Document 1. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0006] [Patent Document 1] Special Publication No. 5-84345 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0007] However, in order to obtain sufficient heat resistance, it was necessary to provide a bulky heat insulating layer made up of the heat insulating material 104 and the subfloor pan 105. This resulted in a problem of an increase in the vehicle weight.

[0008] Furthermore, the sub-floor pan 105 that holds the heat insulating material 104 is fastened with fastening members such as bolts and rivets. The process of installing the sub-floor pan 105 requires a worker to crawl under the vehicle body and fasten the parts with a large number of bolts and rivets. This type of work is not only burdensome for the worker, but also takes a lot of time.

[0009] Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a fire-resistant floor structure that is easy to manufacture and that suppresses increases in vehicle weight and costs. [Means for solving the problem]

[0010] In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, the fire-resistant floor structure of the present invention is a fire-resistant floor structure formed above the underfloor equipment of a railway vehicle, and is characterized by comprising a lower plate covering the upper part of the underfloor equipment, an upper plate arranged above the lower plate, a support portion formed along the edge of the lower plate and supporting the upper plate, and a compound containing crystal water arranged in a space surrounded by the upper plate, the lower plate, and the support portion.

[0011] In addition to the above configuration, the fire-resistant floor structure of the present invention is characterized in that the compound is arranged above, including the upper surface of, the lower plate along an imaginary plane parallel to the lower plate.

[0012] In addition to the above configuration, the fire-resistant floor structure of the present invention is characterized in that an insulating layer is formed between the virtual plane and the upper plate.

[0013] In addition to the above configuration, the fire-resistant floor structure of the present invention is characterized in that an insulating layer is formed between the virtual plane and the lower plate.

[0014] In addition to the above configuration, the fireproof floor structure of the present invention is characterized in that the compound contains a plurality of types with different dehydration reaction temperatures.

[0015] In addition to the above configuration, the fire-resistant floor structure of the present invention is characterized in that the imaginary plane on which the compounds are arranged is located at multiple height positions from the lower plate.

[0016] In addition to the above configuration, the fire-resistant floor structure of the present invention is characterized in that the support portion has a wooden layer made of wood interposed between the upper plate and the lower plate, and is supported by the support portion below the wooden layer, and is arranged to separate the compound and the insulating layer, and has a communication hole formed therein to connect the compound and the insulating layer. [Effects of the Invention]

[0017] As described above, according to the present invention, the heat of an underfloor fire causes a dehydration reaction in the compound, generating water vapor from the crystallized water. This water vapor remains in the space surrounded by the upper and lower plates and support parts. This allows the water vapor to maintain the temperature of the space surrounded by the upper and lower plates and support parts at 100°C for a certain period of time until the water component is dehydrated, even with a simple, space-saving configuration.

[0018] In addition to the above effects, the present invention also makes it easier to estimate the time it takes for heat from a fire to be transferred to the compound, as the compound is positioned at a fixed distance from the lower plate, making it easier to design heat durability.

[0019] Furthermore, according to the present invention, in addition to the above-mentioned effects, the heat insulating layer suppresses heat transfer, in addition to the retention of water vapor caused by the dehydration reaction of the compound, so it is possible to further delay the time it takes for heat to be transferred to the inside of the vehicle.

[0020] Furthermore, according to the present invention, in addition to the above-mentioned effects, the heat insulating layer not only traps water vapor that accompanies the dehydration reaction of the compound, but also suppresses heat transfer, making it possible to delay the time it takes for heat to be transferred to the inside of the vehicle. In addition, by interposing the heat insulating layer between the underfloor equipment and the compound, it is possible to prevent dehydration reactions caused by the exhaust heat of the underfloor equipment.

[0021] In addition to the above effects, the present invention also has the advantage that, as the temperature of the lower plate rises with the progression of a fire, the compounds with the lowest dehydration reaction temperatures react first. This allows water vapor to be generated sequentially in multiple stages as the temperature rises, depending on the reaction temperature range, and allows the surrounding heat to be continuously absorbed. This further delays the temperature rise on the upper plate and floor.

[0022] In addition to the above effects, the present invention also makes it possible to differentiate the reaction start times by arranging compounds at different distances from the lower plate, even for compounds with the same dehydration reaction temperature. This allows for precise adjustment of the steam generation time and temperature by combining the distance from the lower plate and the reaction temperature.

[0023] In addition to the above effects, the present invention also increases the overall rigidity of the support sections because they are connected by partition plates. Also, since the water vapor generated by the dehydration reaction is sent to the heat insulating layer through the communication holes, it is possible to design the support sections so that the flow of water vapor can be adjusted by the communication holes. In the portion, a wood layer with a relatively low thermal conductivity is interposed above the partition plate, so that it is possible to reduce heat conduction from the partition plate to the upper plate. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0024] [Figure 1] 1 is an overall perspective view of a fire-resistant floor structure according to a first embodiment of the present invention; [Figure 2] FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing the AA portion of FIG. [Figure 3] 2 is a cross-sectional view showing a portion corresponding to the AA portion in FIG. 1 in a fire-resistant floor structure according to a second embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 4] 1. FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view showing a portion corresponding to the AA portion in FIG. 1 in a fire-resistant floor structure according to a third embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 5] 1. FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view showing a portion corresponding to the AA portion in FIG. 1 in a fire-resistant floor structure according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 6]1. FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view showing a portion corresponding to the AA portion in FIG. 1 in a fire-resistant floor structure according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 7] FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a conventional floor structure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0025] Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

[0026] (First embodiment) 1 shows an overall perspective view of a fire-resistant floor structure 1 of the present invention. Hereinafter, components having equivalent functions and effects will be denoted by the same reference numerals.

[0027] The fire-resistant floor structure 1 is a panel-like component arranged on the underframe of a railway vehicle. Specifically, the fire-resistant floor structure 1 is fastened with bolts and nuts after adjusting the height dimension with liners relative to the side beams, cross beams, center beams, and upper surfaces of the bolsters of the underframe. The fire-resistant floor structure 1 configured as shown in Figure 1 is arranged so that its long side, defined by dimension W, is parallel to the width direction of the car body, and its short side, dimension L, is aligned with the longitudinal direction of the car body.

[0028] Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view showing the AA portion of the fire-resistant floor structure according to the first embodiment of the present invention in Figure 1. Figure 2(a) shows the vertical structure of the fire-resistant floor structure 1, and Figure 2(b) shows the transfer of heat in the portion of Figure 2(a) during a fire.

[0029] The fire-resistant floor structure 1 is formed between a lower plate 4 placed above the under-floor equipment and an upper plate 2 placed above the lower plate 4. A resin material 6 is placed along the edge of the lower plate 4, and square pipe material 8 is provided through this resin material 6. The upper plate 2 is then placed on this square pipe material 8. In this way, the resin material 6 and the square pipe material 8 are configured as supports that support the upper plate 2. A phenolic resin material with excellent heat resistance and relatively low thermal conductivity is used for the resin material 6.

[0030] A space is formed between the upper plate 2 and the lower plate 4, and compounds 10 containing water of crystallization are arranged in this space along the lower plate 4. In Figure 2(a), a virtual plane P represents the average position in the height direction where the layer of compounds 10 is formed.

[0031] In Figure 2(b), the dotted arrows indicate the heat transfer when an underfloor fire occurs. When the underfloor fire heats the lower plate 4 and reaches the dehydration reaction temperature of compound 10, the water component contained as crystalline water is generated by the dehydration reaction. This crystalline water then absorbs heat from the surrounding area as heat of vaporization, turns into water vapor, and accumulates between the upper plate 2 and the lower plate 4 as shown by the arrows in Figure 2(b). The accumulating water vapor comes into contact with the underside of the upper plate 2 and the side of the square pipe material 8, but since the temperature of the water vapor does not exceed 100°C under atmospheric pressure, it takes a certain amount of time for the crystalline water to run out due to the dehydration reaction. The temperature of the top surface is kept below 100°C.

[0032] Here, the compound 10 containing water of crystallization specifically refers to compounds that contain water in their structure in the form of water of crystallization, such as gypsum dihydrate, hydrous magnesium silicate ("talc"), zeolite ("zeolite"), and aluminum hydroxide.

[0033] (Second embodiment) Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view showing a portion of a fire-resistant floor structure according to a second embodiment of the present invention, corresponding to the portion AA in Figure 1. Figure 3(a) shows the vertical structure of the fire-resistant floor structure 1A, and Figure 3(b) shows the transfer of heat in the portion of Figure 3(a) during a fire.

[0034] The configuration of this embodiment differs from the configuration of the first embodiment shown in FIG. 2 in that a heat insulating material 12A is disposed above the compound 10.

[0035] As shown in FIG. 3( a ), in the configuration according to this embodiment, the compounds 10 are also arranged along an imaginary plane P extending parallel to the lower plate 4 .

[0036] 3(b), the flow of heat in the underfloor fire is indicated by arrows. The heat of the lower plate 4 heated by the fire causes water to be generated from the compound 10, which reaches a dehydration reaction temperature, and this water turns into water vapor and accumulates between the upper plate 2 and the lower plate 4, just like in the first embodiment.

[0037] However, in the configuration according to the present embodiment, since the insulating material 12A is provided above the compound 10, the generated water vapor mainly remains in the space formed between the insulating material 12A and the square pipe material 8 and the upper plate 2. Due to this retention of water vapor, the temperature in the space between the upper plate 2 and the lower plate 4 is maintained at 100°C or less. Furthermore, in the configuration according to the present embodiment, since the insulating material 12A is provided above the compound 10, the insulating material 12A can prevent heat transfer from the lower plate 4 to the upper plate 2 even after the crystallization water in the compound 10 has run out.

[0038] (Third embodiment) Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view showing a portion of a fire-resistant floor structure according to a third embodiment of the present invention, corresponding to the portion AA in Figure 1. Figure 4(a) shows the vertical structure of the fire-resistant floor structure 1B, and Figure 4(b) shows the transfer of heat in the portion of Figure 4(a) during a fire.

[0039] 3, the configuration of this embodiment differs from the configuration of the second embodiment in the structure of the support portion that supports the upper plate 2. Also, the configuration differs in that the heat insulating material 12B and the compound 10 are separated by a partition plate 14.

[0040] In this embodiment, the structure corresponding to the support portion made up of the resin material 6 and square pipe material 8 in Fig. 3 is replaced with a structure made up of the resin material 6, wooden panel 16, and spacer 18. Of these, the resin material 6 is provided for the same purpose as the resin material 6 shown in the first and second embodiments, and has the same action and effect.

[0041] However, in the configuration of Figure 4, wooden panels 16 are used instead of square pipe materials 8. The wooden layer formed by these wooden panels 16 is interposed between the upper board 2 and the lower board 4, creating an area with lower thermal conductivity than metal. This makes it possible to significantly reduce heat conduction from the lower board 4 to the upper board 2.

[0042] A spacer 18 is provided between the upper part of the wooden panel 16 and the upper plate 2. By providing this spacer 18, when using a large-diameter countersunk head tapping screw, The increased strength allows wooden members to be stably fixed.

[0043] In the configuration according to this embodiment, the partition plate 14 is supported with its edge sandwiched between the wooden panel 16 and the resin material 6. This partition plate 14 has communication holes 14a formed in multiple locations, which connect the space where the compound 10 is provided with the space where the thermal insulation material 12B is provided. With this configuration, the intermediate portions in the height direction of the support parts made up of the resin material 6 and the wooden panel 16 are connected by the partition plate 14, improving the rigidity of the entire fire-resistant floor structure 1B.

[0044] Furthermore, since the wooden panel 16 is provided between the partition board 14 and the upper board 2, not only is the heat conduction from the lower board 4 to the upper board 2 reduced, but the heat conduction from the partition board 14 to the upper board 2 is also reduced.

[0045] In Figure 4(b), the arrows indicate the flow of heat in an underfloor fire. Heat is transferred from the lower panel 4, which is heated by the fire, and when compound 10 reaches its dehydration reaction temperature, the contained water component is separated and produced. When this water component becomes water vapor, it spreads between partition panel 14 and lower panel 4 and also moves through communication holes 14a in partition panel 14 into the space between upper panel 2 and partition panel 14. As a result, water vapor accumulates around insulation material 12B and comes into contact with the underside of upper panel 2 and the side of wooden panel 16, which forms the supporting part. This water vapor continues to accumulate until the crystallized water contained in compound 10 is depleted by the dehydration reaction, maintaining the temperature of the space between upper panel 2 and lower panel 4 at 100°C or below.

[0046] (Fourth embodiment) Figure 5 is a cross-sectional view showing a portion of a fire-resistant floor structure according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention, corresponding to the portion AA in Figure 1. Figure 5(a) shows the vertical structure of the fire-resistant floor structure 1C, and Figure 5(b) shows the transfer of heat in the portion of Figure 5(a) during a fire.

[0047] The configuration of this embodiment, which includes an upper plate 2, a lower plate 4, and a resin material 6 and a square pipe material 8 supporting them, is the same as the configuration of the second embodiment shown in FIG. 3. Also common is the structure in which a layer of a compound containing crystal water and a heat insulating layer are stacked within the space formed by the upper plate 2 and the lower plate 4. However, the configuration of this embodiment differs from the configuration of the second embodiment in that two sets of structures in which the compound 10 and the heat insulating material 12C are stacked are provided in the height direction. As shown in FIG. 5(a), in this embodiment, there are two imaginary planes P1 and P2 on which the compound 10 is arranged.

[0048] In Figure 5(b), the arrows indicate the flow of heat in an underfloor fire. Heat is transferred from the lower plate 4, which is heated by the fire, to the compounds 10 arranged along the virtual plane P1 below, and when the temperature reaches the dehydration reaction temperature, the water component contained therein is separated and generated. Up to this point, the process is the same as in the other embodiments described above.

[0049] However, in the configuration according to this embodiment, another compound 10 is provided further above along the imaginary plane P2. In the event of an underfloor fire, heat is transferred from below to above, so there is a certain delay in the temperature reaching the same level on the upper imaginary plane P2 compared to the lower imaginary plane P1. With this configuration, it is possible to set the dehydration reaction of the lower compound 10 and the dehydration reaction of the upper compound 10 to occur in stages with a time gap between them. This makes it possible to continuously retain a certain amount of water vapor for a long period of time.

[0050] Furthermore, even after the crystallization water of the compounds 10 at the two upper and lower locations has run out, the heat transfer from the lower plate 4 to the upper plate 2 can be suppressed by the heat insulating material 12C arranged in two separate layers.

[0051] (Fifth embodiment) Fig. 6 is a cross-sectional view showing a portion of a fire-resistant floor structure according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention, which corresponds to the portion AA in Fig. 1. Fig. 6(a) shows the vertical structure of the fire-resistant floor structure 1D, and Fig. 6(b) shows the transfer of heat in the portion of Fig. 6(a) during a fire.

[0052] The configuration of this embodiment, which is composed of an upper plate 2, a lower plate 4, a resin material 6, and a square pipe material 8, is the same as the configuration of the fourth embodiment shown in Figure 5. The configuration of the fourth embodiment is also the same as the fourth embodiment, in that it has two sets of structures in the height direction, each of which has a compound layer containing crystal water and a heat insulating layer stacked on top of each other. However, in the configuration of this embodiment, the arrangement of the compound layer and the heat insulating layer as viewed from the lower plate 4 is different.

[0053] As shown in Fig. 6(a), a heat insulating material 12D is disposed directly above the lower plate 4. Then, compounds 10 are disposed along an imaginary plane P3 above the heat insulating material 12D. Furthermore, the heat insulating materials 12D and the compounds 10 are disposed alternately above the imaginary plane P3.

[0054] In the configuration according to this embodiment, as in the fourth embodiment, compounds 10 are provided at two locations along imaginary planes P3 and P4 that are spaced apart in the height direction, and thus it is possible to cause the respective dehydration reactions to occur continuously with a fixed time difference.

[0055] In addition, since the heat insulating material 12D is interposed between the lower plate 4, the structure is less susceptible to the influence of heat from under the floor compared to the configurations shown in the first to fourth embodiments described above.

[0056] In a high-temperature environment, there is a high possibility that the exhaust heat from the underfloor equipment will reach the lower panel 4 while remaining at a high temperature. Even if no fire has occurred, the temperature of the lower panel 4 may rise and reach the dehydration reaction temperature of compound 10.

[0057] In contrast, in the fire-resistant floor structure 1D according to this embodiment, as described above, the heat insulating material 12D is interposed between the lower plate 4 and the lower compound 10, and therefore the structure is suitable for high-temperature environments.

[0058] The configuration described above is one example of the present invention, and further includes the following modifications.

[0059] (1) In the above embodiment, the types of compounds 10 arranged along one imaginary plane were not described in detail. However, compounds of the same type or different types may be arranged in one imaginary plane. When different types of compounds are arranged in a mixed manner, the compound with a lower dehydration reaction temperature undergoes dehydration first. Then, as the temperature rises further, the compound with a higher reaction temperature begins to dehydrate. This configuration makes it possible to continuously generate a constant amount of water vapor over a wide temperature range. The different types of compounds are not limited to two types, and three or more types may be combined.

[0060] (2) In the fourth embodiment, the compounds 10 arranged along the imaginary plane P1 and the compounds 10 arranged along the imaginary plane P2 may be configured by combining compounds with different dehydration reaction temperatures. Also, the compounds arranged along each imaginary plane may be a mixture of different compounds with different dehydration reaction temperatures. Furthermore, one of the two imaginary planes P1 and P2 may be configured only with the same type of compounds, while the other may be configured with a combination of different types of compounds. This configuration increases the degree of freedom in design, as it allows for the selection and combination of two parameters, the distance from the lower plate 4 and the dehydration reaction temperature specific to the compound. Therefore, it becomes easier to design a device that can continuously generate water vapor for a long period of time. This is the same as the configuration along the imaginary planes P3 and P4 in the fifth embodiment. This also applies to the selection of compounds that can be used.

[0061] (3) In the fifth embodiment, two pairs of heat insulating layers and compound layers are arranged in the height direction. However, three or more pairs of these may be arranged. Furthermore, the number of heat insulating layers and compound layers may not be the same.

[0062] (4) In the above embodiment, an example of a floor structure in which a space extending horizontally is formed between the upper and lower plates is shown. Such a floor structure is used in steel or stainless steel vehicles. However, a floor structure having a truss structure between the upper and lower plates, such as that used in aluminum vehicles, may also be used. By placing a compound containing crystal water in each space with a triangular cross section formed by the truss structure, it is possible to obtain the same effect as in the first embodiment. In a floor structure having such a truss structure, the entire truss structure corresponds to the support part that supports the upper plate 2 with respect to the lower plate 4 described above. [Industrial Applicability]

[0063] The fire-resistant floor structure of the present invention can efficiently suppress heat transfer to above the floor in the event of an underfloor fire, and is therefore useful not only in railway vehicles but also in other vehicles and buildings. [Explanation of symbols]

[0064] 1, 1A, 1B, 1C, 1D Fireproof floor panel (fireproof floor structure) 2 Upper board 4 Lower plate 6 Resin material (support part) 8 Square pipe material (support part) 10 compounds 12, 12A, 12B, 12C, 12D Insulation material (insulation layer) 14 Divider 14a Communication hole 16 Wood panel (wood layer) 18 spacer 100 Upper structure 101 Floor covering 102 Floor filling 103 Subfloor 104 Insulation 105 Subfloor pan L, W dimensions V. Water vapor P, P1, P2, P3, P4 virtual plane

Claims

1. A fire-resistant floor structure formed above underfloor equipment of a railway vehicle, a lower plate covering an upper portion of the underfloor equipment; an upper plate disposed above the lower plate; a support portion formed along an edge of the lower plate and supporting the upper plate; a compound containing crystal water that is disposed in a space surrounded by the upper plate, the lower plate, and the support portion; A fire-resistant floor structure characterized by comprising:

2. The fire-resistant floor structure according to claim 1, characterized in that the compound is arranged above and including the upper surface of the lower plate along an imaginary plane parallel to the lower plate.

3. 3. The fire-resistant floor structure according to claim 2, wherein a heat insulating layer is formed between the virtual plane and the upper plate.

4. 3. The fire-resistant floor structure according to claim 2, wherein a heat insulating layer is formed between the virtual plane and the lower plate.

5. The fireproof floor structure according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that the compound includes a plurality of types with different dehydration reaction temperatures.

6. 5. The fire-resistant floor structure according to claim 3, wherein the imaginary plane on which the compounds are arranged is located at a plurality of height positions from the lower plate.

7. The support portion has a wood layer interposed between the upper plate and the lower plate, A fire-resistant floor structure as described in claim 3, characterized in that it is supported by the support part below the wood layer, is positioned to separate the compound and the insulating layer, and has a communication hole formed to connect the compound and the insulating layer.

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