Device, wireless communication system, and wireless communication method

Abstract

To provide a device, a wireless communication system, and a wireless communication method that allow a plurality of devices to appropriately perform an access procedure.SOLUTION: A device 20 includes a transmission unit 202 that transmits a message, a receiving unit 201 that receives the message, and a control unit 203 that, when a failure in transmitting the message is detected, sets the state of the device 20 to a sleep state or an off state until a first timing.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 22

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present disclosure relates to a device, a wireless communication system, and a wireless communication method. [Background technology]

[0002] For NR (New Radio) (also known as "5G"), the successor system to LTE (Long Term Evolution), technologies are being considered that meet the requirements of a large-capacity system, high-speed data transmission speed, low latency, simultaneous connection of a large number of terminals, low cost, and low power consumption (see, for example, Non-Patent Document 1).

[0003] Furthermore, Release 18 (Rel-18) of 3GPP (registered trademark) is considering Ambient Internet of Things (A-IoT) (see, for example, Non-Patent Document 2). Ambient IoT targets devices with extremely simple configurations for low-end IoT applications that operate with extremely low power consumption. [Prior art documents] [Non-patent literature]

[0004] [Non-Patent Document 1] 3GPP TS 38.300 V17.3.0 (2022-12) [Non-patent document 2] “Revised SID on Ambient IoT”, RP-232404, 3GPP TSG RAN Meeting #101, September 2023 [Non-patent document 3] 3GPP TR 38.848 V1.0.0 (2023-09) [Non-patent document 4] 3GPP TS 36.211 V16.8.0 (2023-09) [Non-Patent Document 5] “Study on solutions for Ambient IoT (Internet of Things) in NR”, RP-234058, 3GPP TSG RAN Meeting #102, December 2023 Summary of the Invention

[0005] In ambient IoT, many devices connect to a reader as a communication partner, but there is room for consideration regarding the appropriate access procedures when multiple devices connect to a reader. If appropriate access procedures cannot be executed, it may become difficult to connect multiple devices.

[0006] One aspect of the present disclosure provides a device, a wireless communication system, and a wireless communication method that allow multiple devices to properly perform access procedures.

[0007] A device according to one embodiment of the present disclosure includes a communication unit that transmits a message, and a control unit that, when detecting a failure to transmit the message, sets the state of the device to a sleep state or an off state until a first timing. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0008] [Figure 1] 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless communication system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 2] FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating Topology 1. [Figure 3] FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating Topology 2. [Figure 4] FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating topology 3 in DL support. [Figure 5] FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating Topology 3 in UL support. [Figure 6] FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating Topology 4. [Figure 7] FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating backscatter transmission. [Figure 8]1 is a diagram showing an example of a candidate topology for CW / R2D / D2R transmission in topology 1. [Figure 9] FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating an example of a candidate topology for CW / R2D / D2R transmission in topology 2. [Figure 10] A diagram showing an example of a four-step access procedure for an A-IoT device. [Figure 11] A diagram showing an example of a two-step access procedure for an A-IoT device. [Figure 12] FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of scheme 1 of an access procedure between a reader and multiple devices. [Figure 13] FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating an example of scheme 2 of an access procedure between a reader and multiple devices. [Figure 14] FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a DFSA and a BFSA. [Figure 15] FIG. 1 illustrates an example in which the random access procedure of Scheme 1 is performed in multiple rounds. [Figure 16] FIG. 10 illustrates an example in which the random access procedure of Scheme 2 is performed in multiple rounds. [Figure 17] FIG. 10 is a diagram showing an example of option 2 of proposal 1. [Figure 18] FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating an example of operation when a failure in transmitting Msg1 / 3 is detected for Scheme 1 of the access procedure. [Figure 19] FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating a first example of operation when a failure in transmitting Msg1 / 3 is detected for scheme 2 of the access procedure. [Figure 20] FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating a second example of operation when a failure in transmitting Msg1 / 3 is detected for scheme 2 of the access procedure. [Figure 21] FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating an example of a configuration of a base station according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 22] FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating an example of a configuration of a device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 23] FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating an example of a hardware configuration of a base station and a device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 24] 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of a configuration of a vehicle according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0009] Hereinafter, an embodiment according to one aspect of the present disclosure will be described with reference to the drawings. Note that the embodiment described below is an example, and the embodiment to which the present disclosure is applied is not limited to the following embodiment.

[0010] In operation of the wireless communication system according to the embodiment of the present disclosure, existing technologies are used as appropriate. The existing technologies are, for example, existing LTE or NR, but are not limited to existing LTE or NR. Furthermore, the term "LTE" as used in this specification has a broad meaning including LTE-Advanced and systems beyond LTE-Advanced, unless otherwise specified.

[0011] Furthermore, in the embodiments of the present disclosure described below, terms used in existing LTE, such as SS (synchronization signal), PSS (primary SS), SSS (secondary SS), PBCH (physical broadcast channel), PRACH (physical random access channel), PDCCH (physical downlink control channel), PDSCH (physical downlink shared channel), PUCCH (physical uplink control channel), and PUSCH (physical uplink shared channel), are used. This is for convenience of description, and similar signals, functions, etc. may be referred to by other names. Furthermore, the above-mentioned terms in NR correspond to NR-SS, NR-PSS, NR-SSS, NR-PBCH, NR-PRACH, etc. However, even signals used in NR are not necessarily designated as "NR-".

[0012] Furthermore, in the embodiments of the present disclosure, the duplex method may be a time division duplex (TDD) method, a frequency division duplex (FDD) method, or another method (for example, flexible duplex, etc.).

[0013] Furthermore, in the embodiments of the present disclosure, "configuring" radio parameters, etc. may mean that predetermined values ​​are pre-configured, or that radio parameters notified from a base station, device, terminal, etc. are set.

[0014] (Embodiment) <Wireless communication system> FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless communication system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. As illustrated in FIG. 1, the wireless communication system 1 includes a base station 10 and a device 20. While FIG. 1 illustrates one base station 10 and one device 20, this is merely an example, and multiple base stations and devices may exist. A base station may also be referred to as a BS (Base Station), gNB, or the like. The device 20 may be considered a form of terminal (UE: User Equipment) and may be an ambient IoT device, which is a device with lower complexity than an NB-IoT (Narrow Band Internet of Things) device. The ambient IoT device may also be referred to as an ambient IoT terminal, ambient IoT UE, or the like.

[0015] The base station 10 is a communication device that provides one or more cells and performs wireless communication with the device 20. The physical resources of a wireless signal are defined in the time domain and the frequency domain. The time domain may be defined by the number of Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) symbols. The frequency domain may be defined by the number of subcarriers or the number of resource blocks (RBs).

[0016] The base station 10 transmits DL signals such as control information, setting information, and data to the device 20 via DL (Downlink). The base station 10 receives UL signals such as control information, information related to the processing capability of the device 20 (device capability (information) or A-IoT capability (information); for example, capability, device capability, A-IoT capability, A-IoT device capability, etc.), and data from the device 20 via UP (Uplink).

[0017] Channels used for transmitting DL signals include, for example, data channels and control channels. For example, the data channel may include a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH), and the control channel may include a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH). For example, the base station 10 transmits control information to the device 20 using the PDCCH, and transmits DL data signals using the PDSCH. Note that the PDSCH is an example of a downlink shared channel or a data channel, and the PDCCH is an example of a downlink control channel. The PDCCH may be interpreted as downlink control information (DCI), control information, etc. transmitted in the PDCCH.

[0018] As will be described later, the wireless communication system may include intermediate nodes, assisting nodes, and / or terminals (UEs) (see <Device Types and Topologies> below). Note that, hereinafter, "and / or" may be written simply as " / ".

[0019] The device 20 is a communication device equipped with a wireless communication function, and may be an ambient IoT device (e.g., a sensor, etc.) as described above. Hereinafter, the ambient IoT device will also be referred to as an A-IoT UE.

[0020] The device 20 receives DL signals such as control signals, setting information, and data from the base station 10 via DL, and transmits UL signals such as control signals, capability information of the device 20, and data to the base station 10 via UL.

[0021] Channels used for transmitting UL signals include, for example, data channels and control channels. For example, the data channel may include a Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH), and the control channel may include a Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH). For example, device 20 transmits control information using the PUCCH and transmits UL data signals using the PUSCH. Note that the PUSCH is an example of an uplink shared channel or a data channel, and the PUCCH is an example of an uplink control channel. Note that the PUSCH or PUCCH may be interpreted as uplink control information (UCI), control information, etc. transmitted in the PUSCH or PUCCH.

[0022] <Ambient IoT> Rel-18 approved the study of ambient IoT (see, for example, Non-Patent Document 2), which is even lower-end than the existing NB-IoT (see, for example, Section 10 of Non-Patent Document 4). Ambient IoT targets ultra-low power consumption and ultra-low complexity devices.

[0023] Ambient IoT may consider, for example, the following deployment scenarios and characteristics for relevant use cases: Indoor or outdoor environment Base station type, e.g., macro / micro / pico cell-based deployment The connectivity topology, e.g., which nodes (e.g., base stations, terminals (UE), relays, and repeaters) communicate with the ambient IoT devices - Duplexing method: TDD or FDD, frequency band: licensed or unlicensed Coexistence with UE and network equipment in frequency bands for existing 3GPP technologies - Traffic assumptions for outgoing / incoming traffic from the device

[0024] Based on the above deployment scenarios and characteristics, for example, the following RAN design targets can be formulated: ·Power consumption Complexity ·coverage Data rate Positioning accuracy

[0025] Based on deployment scenarios appropriate for the relevant use cases, compare and evaluate the feasibility of meeting design targets and identify supporting features.

[0026] <Device type and topology> Based on the results of the study items, TR 38.848 (Non-Patent Document 3) was approved. TR 38.848 considers the following categories of ambient IoT devices: Device A: Device A has no power (energy) storage, no independent signal generation and amplification functions, and performs backscattering transmission. Device B: Device B has power storage, does not have the capability of independent signal generation, and performs backscatter transmission. Device B uses the stored power to amplify the reflected signal. Device C: Device C has power storage, is capable of independent signal generation, and has active RF (radio frequency) components for transmission.

[0027] The complexity of device A is assumed to be about the same as RFID (radio frequency identification).

[0028] TR 38.848 defines the following topologies 1 to 4 in an ambient IoT network.

[0029] Figure 2 is a diagram illustrating Topology 1. As shown in Figure 2, Topology 1 is a configuration in which a base station (BS) and an ambient IoT device communicate with each other. The ambient IoT device communicates directly with the base station in both directions.

[0030] Figure 3 is a diagram illustrating Topology 2. As shown in Figure 3, Topology 2 is a configuration in which a base station and an ambient IoT device communicate via an intermediate node. The ambient IoT device performs bidirectional communication with the intermediate node located between the base station and the ambient IoT device. The intermediate node may be, for example, a relay, an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) node, a UE, a repeater, etc.

[0031] Figure 4 is a diagram illustrating Topology 3 in DL assistance. As shown in Figure 4, Topology 3 is a configuration including communication between a base station and an assisting node, communication between the assisting node and an ambient IoT device, and communication between the ambient IoT device and a base station.

[0032] The support node supports DL communication. For example, as shown in Figure 4, the support node receives DL signals from the base station and transmits the received DL signals to the ambient IoT device. For UL communication, the ambient IoT device transmits UL signals directly to the base station.

[0033] Figure 5 is a diagram illustrating Topology 3 in UL support. As shown in Figure 5, Topology 3 is a configuration including communication between a base station and a support node, communication between a support node and an ambient IoT device, and communication between an ambient IoT device and a base station.

[0034] The support node supports UL communication. For example, as shown in Figure 5, the support node receives UL signals from the ambient IoT device and transmits the received UL signals to the base station. For DL ​​communication, the ambient IoT device receives DL signals directly from the base station.

[0035] The supporting nodes shown in Figures 4 and 5 may be, for example, relays, IAB nodes, UEs, repeaters, etc.

[0036] Figure 6 is a diagram illustrating Topology 4. Topology 4 is a configuration in which a UE and an ambient IoT device communicate with each other. The ambient IoT device performs bidirectional communication with the UE. Communication related to Topology 4 may be considered as sidelink (SL) communication.

[0037] In the above topologies 1 to 4, the ambient IoT device may be provided with a carrier wave from another node inside or outside the topology (see Section 4.2.1 of Non-Patent Document 3).

[0038] The wireless communication system 1 (wireless communication network) may include a base station, a support node, an intermediate node, and / or a terminal (UE of Topology 4) in addition to the device 20. In this specification, the base station, the support node, the intermediate node, and the terminal may be read as a network or a (network) node. Also, an A-IoT device may be simply referred to as A-IoT.

[0039] <Backscatter transmission> Base stations, intermediate nodes, support nodes, and other nodes transmit RF signals to ambient IoT devices, which are activated and obtain power from the RF operating fields from the base stations, intermediate nodes, support nodes, and other nodes via inductive coupling.

[0040] The ambient IoT device backscatters and modulates the RF signals received from the base station, intermediate node, support node, and other nodes by switching the reflection coefficient of the device's antenna, and transmits information to the base station, intermediate node, support node, and other nodes.

[0041] FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating backscatter transmission. FIG. 7 shows an example in which an ambient IoT device performs ON-OFF keying and transmits information. The dashed line area in FIG. 7 indicates an OFF section, which may correspond to the information (bit) "0." A sine wave signal may correspond to the information "1."

[0042] <Rel-19 SID> The Rel-19 SID (Study Item Description) examined solutions necessary and feasible for A-IoT (see Section 4.1 of Non-Patent Document 5). The examined solutions include, for example, determining which functions, procedures, etc. are necessary and which functions, procedures, etc. are not.

[0043] Additionally, for the DL and UL of A-IoT, several issues will be discussed under the leadership of RAN 1. One of the issues to be discussed is the scheduling and timing relationship between DL and UL in A-IoT. In discussing the scheduling and timing relationship, the following 1. traffic flow, 2. device assumptions, and 3. topology can be considered.

[0044] 1. Traffic Flow The following DT and DO-DTT are being considered as traffic flows for A-IoT.

[0045] DT (device terminated) As for traffic, there is transmission (DL) to the A-IoT UE, but there is no transmission (UL) from the A-IoT UE. In other words, there is information to be transmitted to the A-IoT UE, but there is no information to be transmitted from the A-IoT UE. DT corresponds to a command type, for example, in which there is an instruction such as a command to the A-IoT UE.

[0046] ·DO-DTT(device originated - device terminated triggered) Traffic includes triggers from the network (NW) and transmissions (UL) from the A-IoT UE. In other words, traffic includes information transmitted from the A-IoT UE. DO-DTT corresponds to, for example, a sensor information report type in which the A-IoT UE transmits sensor information collected by the A-IoT UE.

[0047] In this disclosure, transmitting information corresponds to transmitting a signal containing information or transmitting a signal. In this disclosure, transmitting to a certain device X corresponds to transmitting a signal (or information) to device X. In addition, transmitting from a certain device X and transmitting by a certain device X correspond to device X transmitting a signal (or information). In addition, receiving from a certain device X corresponds to receiving a signal (or information) transmitted by device X. In addition, receiving by a certain device X corresponds to device X receiving a signal (or information).

[0048] 2. Device Prerequisites For A-IoT UE, the following TX (transmission) and FR (frequency range) 1-FDD are assumed:

[0049] ·TX TX can be unamplified backscatter UL transmission or amplified general UL transmission, or alternatively amplified backscatter UL transmission can be performed.

[0050] FR1-FDD FR1-FDD is applied to the A-IoT UE, that is, the A-IoT UE can switch carrier frequencies between DL carriers and UL carriers. However, the present disclosure is not limited to FR1-FDD and may be applied to TDD, FR2, or FR3.

[0051] The frequency bands of each FR are, for example, as follows: FR1: 410MHz~7.125GHz FR2: 24.25GHz~52.6GHz FR3: 7.125GHz~24.25GHz

[0052] FR1 may use a sub-carrier spacing (SCS) of 15 kHz, 30 kHz, or 60 kHz, and a bandwidth (BW) of 5 to 100 MHz. FR2 is a higher frequency than FR1, and may use an SCS of 60 kHz or 120 kHz (including 240 kHz), and a bandwidth (BW) of 50 to 400 MHz.

[0053] 3. Topology Among the topologies shown in FIGS. 2 to 6, attention is focused on Topology 1 and Topology 2.

[0054] In Topology 1, UL and / or DL ​​communication is performed between a base station and an A-IoT UE without passing through an intermediate node. Note that the base station in the case of Topology 1 may correspond to a microcell.

[0055] In Topology 2, communication is performed between a base station and an A-IoT UE via an intermediate node. The A-IoT UE performs bidirectional communication with the intermediate node located between the base station and the A-IoT UE. Note that the base station in Topology 2 may correspond to a macrocell. The Topology 2 case may also be applied to indoor cases. Hereinafter, the intermediate node will also be referred to as intermediate UE, int.UE (intermediate UE), etc.

[0056] <Device Type> Three device types are defined for A-IoT devices: Device 1, Device 2a, and Device 2b.

[0057] Device 1 (may also be referred to as Type 1) Device 1 is a device type that consumes a peak power of 1 μW or less. Device 1 has an energy storage and an initial sampling frequency offset (SFO) of up to Z ppm (parts per million), where Z is 10 to the power of x (x is an integer greater than or equal to 0). Device 1 does not have any amplification in either DL or UL. UL transmission in Device 1 is performed by backscattering an externally provided carrier wave (CW), i.e., an unmodulated wave.

[0058] Device 2a (also referred to as Type 2a) The device 2a is a device type that consumes a peak power of several hundred μW. The device 2a has an energy storage and an initial sampling frequency offset of up to Z [ppm] (Z is 10 to the power x (x is an integer equal to or greater than 0)). The device 2a also performs DL and / or UL amplification. The UL transmission in the device 2a is performed by backscattering in a CW provided from an external device.

[0059] Device 2b (also called Type 2b) Device 2b is a device type that consumes power with a peak power of several hundred μW. Device 2b has energy storage and has an initial sampling frequency offset of up to Z [ppm] (Z is 10 to the power of x (x is an integer greater than or equal to 0)). Also, in Device 2b, DL and / or UL amplification is performed. UL transmission in Device 2b is performed inside Device 2b. That is, UL transmission in Device 2b does not have to be performed by backscattering with CW provided from the outside.

[0060] <R2D and D2R> At the RAN1#116 meeting, it was agreed to consider physical channels for R2D data transmission and D2R data transmission.

[0061] R2D means "reader to device". D2R means "device to reader". "Reader" corresponds to a base station or an intermediate node. "Device" corresponds to A-IoT.

[0062] In the wireless communication system of A-IoT, R2D may be regarded as DL. R2D data transmission may be performed on a physical channel such as a PRDCH (physical reader to device channel). R2D control transmission may be performed on the same physical channel as R2D data transmission or on a physical channel different from R2D data transmission.

[0063] In the wireless communication system of A-IoT, D2R may be regarded as UL. D2R data transmission may be performed on a physical channel such as a PDRCH (physical device to reader channel). D2R control transmission may be performed on the same physical channel as D2R data transmission or on a physical channel different from D2R.

[0064] R2D, R2D transmission, R2D signal, DL, and DL signal may be used interchangeably. D2R, D2R transmission, R2D signal, UL, and UL signal may be used interchangeably. R2D control transmission may be referred to as R2D control information or control information. D2R control transmission may be referred to as D2R control information or control information. Signal, data, and information may be used interchangeably.

[0065] <Candidate Topology> Next, we describe candidate topologies for CW / R2D / D2R transmission.

[0066] Fig. 8 is a diagram showing examples of candidate topologies for CW / R2D / D2R transmission in Topology 1. Fig. 8 shows Topology 1A, Topology 1B, Topology 1C, Topology 1D, and Topology 1E as examples of candidate topologies.

[0067] As shown in Figure 8, in topologies 1A to 1E, CW / R2D communication signals (sometimes referred to as "R2D" in Figure 8 and below) / D2R communication signals (sometimes referred to as "D2R" in Figure 8 and below) can be sent and received to A-IoT devices.

[0068] In this embodiment, DL and R2D (reader to device) may be interchangeable, and UL and D2R (device to reader) may be interchangeable, where reader corresponds to BS and / or intermediate UE, and device corresponds to A-IoT device.

[0069] In Topology 1A, the node (first BS) that transmits the CW is different from the node (second BS) that receives the D2R communication signal transmitted by the A-IoT device via backscattering, and the node that transmits the CW is the same as the node that transmits the R2D communication signal. Also, the node that transmits the R2D communication signal is different from the node that receives the D2R communication signal transmitted by the A-IoT device via backscattering. In other words, the R in R2D is different from the R in D2R.

[0070] In Topology 1B, the node (BS) that transmits the CW, the node that transmits the R2D communication signal, and the node that receives the D2R communication signal transmitted by the A-IoT device via backscattering are the same.

[0071] In Topology 1C, the node transmitting the CW (CW node) is different from the node transmitting the R2D communication signal (BS). Also, in Topology 1C, the node transmitting the CW is different from the node receiving the D2R communication signal transmitted by the A-IoT device via backscattering (BS). Also, in Topology 1C, the node transmitting the R2D communication signal is the same as the node receiving the D2R communication signal transmitted by the A-IoT device via backscattering (BS). In other words, the R in R2D and the R in D2R are the same. Note that the CW node may be a BS, (intermediate) UE, IAB node, NCR (network-controlled repeater) node, relay node, or other type of node.

[0072] In Topology 1D, the node (BS) that transmits the R2D communication signal is the same as the node that receives the D2R communication signal generated and transmitted by the A-IoT device. That is, R in R2D is the same as R in D2R.

[0073] In Topology 1E, the node (first BS) that transmits the R2D communication signal is different from the node (second BS) that receives the D2R communication signal generated and transmitted by the A-IoT device. In other words, R in R2D is different from R in D2R.

[0074] Fig. 9 is a diagram showing examples of candidate topologies for CW / R2D / D2R transmission in Topology 2. Fig. 9 shows Topology 2A, Topology 2B, Topology 2C, Topology 2D, and Topology 2E as examples of candidate topologies.

[0075] As shown in Figure 9, in topologies 2A to 2E, CW / R2D communication signals (denoted as "R2D" in Figure 9) / D2R communication signals (denoted as "D2R" in Figure 9) can be sent and received to A-IoT devices.

[0076] In Topology 2A, the node transmitting the CW (first intermediate UE) is different from the node receiving the D2R communication signal transmitted by the A-IoT device via backscattering (second intermediate UE), and the node transmitting the CW is the same as the node transmitting the R2D communication signal. Also, the node transmitting the R2D communication signal is different from the node receiving the D2R communication signal transmitted by the A-IoT device via backscattering. In other words, the R in R2D is different from the R in D2R.

[0077] In Topology 2B, the node that transmits the CW (intermediate UE), the node that transmits the R2D communication signal, and the node that receives the D2R communication signal transmitted by the A-IoT device via backscattering are the same.

[0078] In Topology 2C, the node transmitting the CW (CW node) is different from the node transmitting the R2D communication signal (intermediate UE). Also, in Topology 1C, the node transmitting the CW is different from the node receiving the D2R communication signal transmitted by the A-IoT device via backscattering (BS). Also, in Topology 1C, the node transmitting the R2D communication signal is the same as the node receiving the D2R communication signal transmitted by the A-IoT device via backscattering. In other words, the R in R2D and the R in D2R are the same. Note that the CW node may be a BS / (intermediate) UE / IAB node / NCR node / relay node / other type of node.

[0079] In Topology 2D, the node (intermediate UE) that transmits the R2D communication signal is the same as the node that receives the D2R communication signal generated and transmitted by the A-IoT device, i.e., R in R2D is the same as R in D2R.

[0080] In Topology 2E, the node (first intermediate UE) that transmits the R2D communication signal is different from the node (second intermediate UE) that receives the D2R communication signal generated and transmitted by the A-IoT device. That is, R in R2D is different from R in D2R.

[0081] <Random access procedure> In an A-IoT communication session, an access procedure for an A-IoT device (hereinafter simply referred to as a device) is executed. Two approaches are being considered for the access procedure for an A-IoT device: a two-step approach and a four-step approach. Various messages are exchanged during the access procedure. Note that the term "message" may be interchangeably expressed as "signal" or "information." For example, the sending / receiving of a message may be interchangeably expressed as the sending / receiving of a signal. Note that the four-step approach may be considered a three-step approach if some steps are omitted.

[0082] Figure 10 is a diagram showing an example of a four-step access procedure for an A-IoT device. Figure 10 shows signal exchange between one reader and one device (device #1 in Figure 10). The horizontal axis of Figure 10 represents the time axis.

[0083] As shown in Figure 10, in the four-step access procedure, the reader sends an A-IoT paging message. The A-IoT paging message is the first R2D transmission in an A-IoT communication session. The A-IoT paging message may be an R2D transmission that triggers a random access procedure or an A-IoT Msg1 transmission from the device.

[0084] A device that receives an A-IoT paging message sends a message called A-IoT Msg1 to the reader. In the four-step access procedure, A-IoT Msg1 includes identification information (ID). The ID included in A-IoT Msg1 is a random ID generated by the device. The size of this random ID may be fixed. For example, the size of the random ID is 16 bits. In the following, A-IoT Msg1 may be abbreviated as "Msg1." Msg1 may also be considered as a random ID report.

[0085] Upon receiving Msg1, the reader sends a message called A-IoT Msg2 to the device. A-IoT Msg2 includes the ID (e.g., a random ID) received in Msg1. In other words, in A-IoT Msg2, the reader echoes the ID received in Msg1. Hereinafter, A-IoT Msg2 may be abbreviated as "Msg2." Msg2 may include information indicating contention resolution. Msg2 may also be considered contention resolution. Msg2 may include information regarding the scheduling of A-IoT Msg3, which will be described later.

[0086] Upon receiving Msg2, the device sends a message called A-IoT Msg3 to the reader. A-IoT Msg3 includes information identifying the device (e.g., device ID) and / or other upper layer data. The upper layer data is included in A-IoT Msg3 depending on the requirements of the upper layer. Note that hereinafter, A-IoT Msg3 may be abbreviated as "Msg3."

[0087] For example, if the random ID of the received Msg2 matches the random ID of the transmitted Msg1, the device determines that contention resolution is successful. If the device determines that contention resolution is successful, it may send Msg3.

[0088] A-IoT Msg4 corresponds to a message transmitted in a subsequent R2D transmission after a D2R transmission (e.g., Msg3 transmission). However, Msg4 does not have to be transmitted constantly in random access. Note that, hereinafter, A-IoT Msg4 may be abbreviated as "Msg4." For example, Msg4 may be considered to handle failure of Msg3 transmission due to various reasons.

[0089] The transmission of Msg1 by a device is referred to as an Msg1 transmission, the transmission of Msg3 by a device is referred to as an Msg3 transmission, and the transmission of Msg2 by a reader is referred to as an Msg2 transmission. Also, Msg1 and / or Msg3 transmitted by a device may be referred to as Msg1 / 3, and Msg2 and / or Msg4 transmitted by a reader may be referred to as Msg2 / 4.

[0090] Figure 11 shows an example of a two-step access procedure for an A-IoT device. Figure 11 shows signal exchange between one reader and one device. The horizontal axis in Figure 11 represents the time axis.

[0091] As shown in Figure 11, in the two-step access procedure, similar to the four-step access procedure, the reader sends an A-IoT paging message, which is the first R2D transmission in an A-IoT communication session.

[0092] A device that receives an A-IoT paging message sends Msg1 to the reader. In a two-step access procedure, Msg1 includes information that identifies the device (e.g., device ID) and / or other upper layer data. The upper layer data is included in Msg1 depending on the request of the upper layer. Note that in a two-step access procedure, a random ID may also be optionally included in Msg1. The random ID is a random ID generated by the device. The size of the random ID here may be fixed at 16 bits.

[0093] Upon receiving Msg1, the reader sends Msg2 to the device. For example, if a random ID is optionally included in Msg1, Msg2 includes the ID (e.g., the random ID) received in Msg1. In other words, if a random ID is optionally included in Msg1, in Msg2 the reader echoes the ID received in Msg1.

[0094] For example, a reader that receives Msg1 sends Msg2 addressed to the device indicated by the device ID included in Msg1. Msg2 includes information indicating contention resolution. Msg2 can also be considered as contention resolution. Then, the two-step access procedure is completed.

[0095] 10 and 11 correspond to examples in which each communication session performs only the above-mentioned two-step access procedure or four-step access procedure, such as an inventory use case such as checking whether a device is in range. Note that the use case of "inventory" is not limited to checking whether a device is in range.

[0096] In addition, in the use case of "inventory + command," which includes checking the device's presence and issuing instructions to the device, each communication session may involve sending an R2D command message and a D2R response after a four-step access procedure or a two-step access procedure shown in the examples of Figures 10 and 11.

[0097] Note that each message shown in FIG. 10, FIG. 11, etc. may include R2D control information and / or R2D data.

[0098] Note that R2D corresponds to the signals transmitted and received in the R2D link. The signals may be replaced with information, data, messages, etc. R2D transmission corresponds to the signals transmitted in the R2D link, or the operation / process of transmitting signals in the R2D link.

[0099] Note that D2R corresponds to the signals transmitted and received in the D2R link. The signals may be replaced with information, data, messages, etc. D2R transmission corresponds to the signals transmitted in the D2R link, or the operation / process of transmitting signals in the D2R link.

[0100] <Discussion at RAN2#125 and RAN2#127> In the meetings of RAN2#125 and RAN2#127, Msg1 and Msg2 of 2-step CBRA (contention based random access) were discussed.

[0101] · A-IoT Msg1 The device transmits the device ID / other upper layer data (which varies depending on the requirements of the upper layer).

[0102] A random ID may be additionally included in Msg1. The random ID can be a fixed 16-bit ID.

[0103] · A-IoT Msg2 If a random ID is included in Msg1, the reader may echo the ID received in Msg1.

[0104] <Terms, etc.> · A-IoT device or device: As described above, a device included in the A-IoT system having any of the types of multiple devices

[0105] · Reader: D2R receiver · The reader may be either a BS or a UE. The UE serving as the reader may be referred to as an intermediate UE. The R2D transmitter and D2R receiver may be the same node or different nodes.

[0106] ·R2D: Abbreviation for Reader-to-Device Link. PRDCH: Physical R2D channel. D2R: Abbreviation for Device-to-Reader Link. PDRCH: Physical D2R channel.

[0107] ·DT traffic: Abbreviation for Device Terminated traffic. DT traffic is, for example, a command from the reader.

[0108] DO-DTT traffic: Device Originated-Device Terminated Trigger DO-DTT traffic is, for example, inventory traffic.

[0109] The timing acquisition signal / preamble / midamble / postamble / synchronization signal may be interchangeable.

[0110] At least one of the following may be applied to each proposal in this embodiment, and to each alternative / option if each proposal includes an alternative / option. Multiple proposals may be combined. Multiple options may be combined. Multiple alternatives may be combined. Different options / alternatives may be applied on a case-by-case basis. The instruction / configuration may be transmitted in physical layer control information or in a higher layer payload, for example, in at least one of MAC layer control information, Msg0 (paging), Msg2 (RAR), Msg4, and unicast. The instruction by the R2D may be transmitted in control information of the physical layer or in the payload of a higher layer. For example, the instruction by the R2D may be transmitted in at least one of control information of the MAC layer, Msg0 (paging), Msg2 (RAR), Msg4, and unicast. The instruction / setting may be transmitted by the PRDCH, by an R2D timing acquisition signal (e.g., preamble / midamble / postamble), or by a synchronization signal. A slot may be a time interval of 1 millisecond. A slot may be one slot in Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM). A slot may be a slotted-ALOHA slot. A slot may be any other time domain unit consisting of one or more symbols. A symbol may be one OFDM symbol, M chips (M is an integer greater than or equal to 1) of on-off-keying (OOK), or one modulation symbol of phase shift keying (PSK) and / or frequency shift keying (FSK). · Different alternatives / options may apply to R2D and D2R. Different alternatives / options may apply to different device types. · Different alternatives / options may be applied to different connection topologies. Different alternatives / options may be applied to different R2D channels or D2R channels. The R2D channel may be, for example, either a PRDCH or a PHY channel for R2D control. The D2R channel may be either a PDRCH or a PHY channel for D2R control. Different alternatives / options may be applied to different R2D information or different D2R information. Also, different alternatives / options may be applied to different R2D formats or different D2R formats. Also, different alternatives / options may be applied to different R2D commands or different D2R commands. For example, different alternatives / options may be applied to any of the following. In other words, the alternatives / options applied may differ between two of the following: -R2D Data -R2D control -R2D System Information -R2D information triggering contention based access -D2R data -D2R control -D2R ACK / NACK response -D2R response in contention-based access (Msg1 / Msg3)

[0111] In this embodiment, "R2D," "R2D signal," "R2D message," and "R2D message type" may be interchangeable. Also, in this embodiment, "D2R," "D2R signal," "D2R message," and "D2R message type" may be interchangeable.

[0112] <Considerations> The number of devices that can connect to a reader is enormous, ranging from approximately 500 to 10,000. To accommodate random access by such a huge number of devices, many slots for random access are required to reduce the probability of collisions. A slot is an example of a transmission opportunity or a reception opportunity.

[0113] However, if a huge number of transmission / reception occasions are prepared for each message such as Msg3, Msg4, and commands, it will take a long time to complete the inventory.

[0114] Thus, there is room for consideration regarding how to properly perform random access by multiple devices.

[0115] For example, as described above, in order to shorten the time required to complete an inventory in random access by multiple devices, it is beneficial to adjust the number of transmission opportunities for Msg3 and / or subsequent procedures. For example, it is conceivable to adjust the number of transmission opportunities for Msg3 and / or subsequent procedures based on the number of devices that have successfully transmitted Msg1.

[0116] It is also desirable that such mechanisms be taken into consideration when determining transmission opportunities for Msg3 and / or subsequent procedures.

[0117] For example, as mentioned above, in random access by multiple devices, there is a high possibility that a device's message transmission will fail due to collisions, link quality degradation, interference, etc. There is room for consideration as to what action a device should take when it fails to transmit a message. For example, a device that fails to transmit Msg1 may retransmit Msg1 at a specific subsequent timing (e.g., the next round). When Msg1 is retransmitted, it should be clear whether the device should be in a sleep or off state, and if so, for what period of time, and if so, when it will wake up.

[0118] Therefore, in this embodiment, an operation for handling a transmission failure by a device that is likely to occur when random access is performed by multiple devices will be described. Also, in this embodiment, a method for providing an appropriate number of transmission opportunities in random access by multiple devices will be described.

[0119] <Example of access procedure between reader and multiple devices> First, we will explain two schemes for the access procedure between a reader and multiple devices. The two schemes explained below are two random access schemes based on slotted ALOHA.

[0120] (Scheme 1) Fig. 12 is a diagram showing an example of Scheme 1 of an access procedure between a reader and multiple devices. Fig. 12 shows signal exchange between one reader and N devices, devices #1 to #N (N is an integer of 2 or more). The horizontal axis of Fig. 12 represents the time axis.

[0121] As shown in FIG. 12, in Scheme 1, messages are exchanged in the following order (1) to (4). (1) A-IoT paging (2) Msg1 of devices #1 to #N (3) Msg2 of Devices #1 to #N (4) Msg3 of Devices #1 to #N

[0122] For convenience of illustration, in the present embodiment, in the above (2), an example is shown in which devices #1 to #N transmit Msg1 in this order. However, in the present disclosure, in the above (2), the order in which devices transmit Msg1 is not particularly limited. In the above (3) to (4), as in (2), the order in which devices transmit / receive messages is also not particularly limited.

[0123] (Scheme 2) Fig. 13 is a diagram showing an example of scheme 2 of an access procedure between a reader and multiple devices. Fig. 13 shows signal exchange between one reader and N devices, devices #1 to #N (N is an integer of 2 or more). The horizontal axis in Fig. 13 represents the time axis.

[0124] As shown in FIG. 13, in Scheme 2, messages are exchanged in the following order (1) to (9). (1) A-IoT paging (2) Msg1 of Device #1 (3) Msg2 of Device #1 (4) Msg3 of Device #1 (5) Msg1 of Device #2 (6) Msg2 of Device #2 (7) Msg3 of Device #2 (8) The following devices from device #3 onwards are similar to device #1 and device #2.

[0125] For convenience of illustration, the present embodiment shows an example in which devices #1 to #N perform communication for the access procedure in the order listed for (2) to (8) above. However, in the present disclosure, the order in which devices perform communication is not particularly limited.

[0126] <Example of frame configuration in access procedure> Next, DFSA (Dynamic framed slotted ALOHA) and BFSA (Basic framed slotted ALOHA) will be described as examples of frame configurations applied in this embodiment. Both DFSA and BFSA are examples of frame configurations applied in slotted ALOHA. In DFSA, the number of slots in a frame may vary. In other words, in DFSA, the number of slots in a frame may be dynamically set. In BFSA, the number of slots in a frame is fixed.

[0127] Fig. 14 is a diagram showing a DFSA and a BFSA. Fig. 14 shows an example of a frame configuration in each example of a DFSA and a BFSA. Note that one rectangle in each example corresponds to one slot. Three frames are shown in each example.

[0128] In the example of DFSA in Figure 14, three frames, the first to third, are shown. In this example, the number of slots in the first frame is X, the number of slots in the second frame is Y, and the number of slots in the third frame is Z, and the numbers of slots within the frames are different. Note that X, Y, and Z may be different integers, and in Figure 14, X=7, Y=5, and Z=3.

[0129] In the example of BFSA in Fig. 14, three frames, the first to third, are shown. In this example, the number of slots in each of the first to third frames is X, and the number of slots in each frame is the same. In Fig. 14, X=7.

[0130] <Example of multi-round access procedure> Next, an example will be described in which the access procedures of the two schemes shown in FIGS. 12 and 13 are executed in multiple rounds.

[0131] Fig. 15 is a diagram showing an example in which the random access procedure of Scheme 1 is executed in multiple rounds. Fig. 15 shows signal exchange between one reader and N devices, devices #1 to #N (N is an integer of 2 or more). The horizontal axis of Fig. 15 represents the time axis.

[0132] 15, the random access procedure of Scheme 1 is executed in each of the three rounds. Note that the signal exchange in each round is the same as in the example of Scheme 1 shown in FIG. 12, and therefore a description thereof will be omitted.

[0133] In FIG. 15, A-IoT paging is transmitted only immediately before Msg1 of the first round, but the present disclosure is not limited to this. A-IoT paging may be transmitted immediately before Msg1 of each round, immediately before each Msg1 of two or more rounds among multiple rounds, immediately before each Msg1, or immediately before at least two or more of multiple Msg1s in one round. For example, referring to FIG. 15, A-IoT paging is not limited to being transmitted immediately before Msg1 of the first round, but may also be transmitted immediately before Msg1 of the second round, or immediately before Msg1 of the third round. Furthermore, A-IoT paging may also be transmitted immediately before each of multiple Msg1s in one round. Note that "immediately before Msg1" here may simply be replaced with "before Msg1."

[0134] Fig. 16 is a diagram showing an example in which the random access procedure of Scheme 2 is executed in multiple rounds. Fig. 16 shows signal exchange between one reader and N devices, devices #1 to #N (N is an integer of 2 or more). The horizontal axis of Fig. 16 represents the time axis.

[0135] 16, the random access procedure of Scheme 2 is executed in each of the three rounds. Note that the signal exchange in each round is the same as in the example of Scheme 2 shown in FIG. 13, and therefore a description thereof will be omitted.

[0136] In FIG. 16, A-IoT paging is transmitted only immediately before Msg1 of the first round, but the present disclosure is not limited to this. A-IoT paging may be transmitted immediately before Msg1 of each round, immediately before each Msg1 of two or more rounds, immediately before each Msg1, or immediately before at least two or more of the multiple Msg1s in one round. For example, referring to FIG. 16, A-IoT paging is not limited to being transmitted immediately before Msg1 of the first round, but may also be transmitted immediately before Msg1 of the second round, or immediately before Msg1 of the third round. Furthermore, A-IoT paging may also be transmitted immediately before each of the multiple Msg1s in one round. Note that "immediately before Msg1" here may simply be replaced with "before Msg1."

[0137] In the present disclosure, the terms "round," "frame," and "attempt" may be interchangeable. Hereinafter, the term "frame" will be primarily used, but the term "frame" may be interchangeable with "round" or "attempt." In the present disclosure, the terms "frame," "round," and "attempt" may be interchangeable with other terms indicating a specific period of communication. For example, the terms "frame," "round," and "attempt" may refer to a specific unit period during which one or more messages are transmitted and / or received in a specific sequence.

[0138] <Proposal 1> Proposal 1 describes a method for determining the number of slots that can be used to transmit or receive each message. Note that, hereinafter, the number of slots that can be used to transmit or receive each message will simply be referred to as the number of slots for each message. For example, the number of slots that a device can use to transmit Msg1 will be referred to as the number of slots for Msg1. Note that the number of slots may also be considered as the number of candidate slots to be used for transmission. Note that, although a "slot" indicates an example of an opportunity to transmit a message, the present disclosure is not limited thereto. An opportunity to transmit a message may be expressed in a manner other than "slot."

[0139] Proposal 1 describes a method for determining the number of slots for each message. A device may determine the number of slots based on either option 1 or option 2 below.

[0140] <Option 1 of Proposal 1> In Option 1 of Proposal 1, the number of slots in each message is specified in the specification, or in Option 1, the number of slots in each message is defined per system.

[0141] The device determines the number of slots in each message based on the specifications and / or system definition. The reader also determines the number of slots in each message based on the specifications and / or system definition. As Option 1, either Option 1-1 or Option 1-2 below is applied.

[0142] <Option 1-1 of Proposal 1> In Option 1-1 of Proposal 1, the number of slots for each message is a fixed value regardless of the frame. In other words, in Option 1-1, the number of slots for each message is fixed for each frame, like BFSA. In Option 1-1, the fixed number of slots for each message may be specified in the specification or may be defined for each system.

[0143] <Option 1-2 of Proposal 1> In Option 1-2 of Proposal 1, the number of slots in each message may be a different value for each frame. In other words, in Option 1-2, the number of slots in each message may change dynamically for each frame, like DFSA. In Option 1-2, the value of the number of slots in each message may be specified for each frame in the specification, or may be defined for each system.

[0144] For example, in Option 1-2 of Proposal 1, the number of slots may be defined by a mathematical formula. The number of slots may be defined, for example, by a recurrence formula that expresses the relationship between the number of slots between frames. For example, the number of slots in the Kth frame (K is an integer greater than or equal to 1) is calculated as x percent (x is a real number greater than or equal to 100) of the number of slots in the K-1th frame.

[0145] The number of slots may also be defined by, for example, an equation indicating the relationship between the numbers of slots among messages. For example, the number of slots for each message may be calculated based on the following relationship: the number of slots for Msg2 is x percent (x is a real number between 1 and 100) of the number of slots for Msg1; the number of slots for Msg3 is y percent (y is a real number between 1 and 100) of the number of slots for Msg1; and the number of slots for Msg4 is z percent (z is a real number between 1 and 100) of the number of slots for Msg1. In this case, Option 2, described below, may be applied to determining the number of slots for Msg1. For example, the parameters (e.g., x, y, z) of the equation indicating the relationship between the numbers of slots among messages may be specified in the specifications, defined for each system, or indicated via R2D. Alternatively, a set of slot numbers may be set, and the xth value in the set may represent the number of slots in the xth frame. For example, if a set {N1, N2, ..., Nx, ..., NK} is set, the number of slots for multiple frames may be set in such a manner that N1 represents the number of slots for the first frame, N2 represents the number of slots for the second frame, and so on.

[0146] <Option 2 of Proposal 1> In Option 2 of Proposal 1, the number of slots in each message is indicated via R2D. The device determines the number of slots in each message based on the R2D obtained from the reader. The reader also determines the number of slots in each message based on a specific method and indicates the determined number of slots via R2D.

[0147] For example, the number of slots for at least one of Msg1, Msg2, Msg3, and Msg4 is indicated via A-IoT paging. For example, the number of slots for each of Msg1, Msg2, Msg3, and Msg4 is indicated via A-IoT paging.

[0148] For example, the slot number of at least one of Msg3 and Msg4 is indicated via Msg2, or the slot number of each of Msg3 and Msg4 is indicated via Msg2.

[0149] In addition, the number of slots for each of Msg3 and Msg4 may be indicated via Msg2, and the number of slots for each of Msg1 and Msg2 may be indicated via A-IoT paging.

[0150] In addition, when specifying the number of slots, the number of slots may be specified directly, or an offset with respect to the number of slots in the previous frame may be specified. Furthermore, when a table showing the correspondence relationship between the number of slots of one or more messages is set in advance, the instruction of the number of slots may be information indicating at least one of the correspondence relationships in the table.

[0151] Fig. 17 is a diagram showing an example of Option 2 of Proposal 1. Similar to Fig. 10, Fig. 17 shows the signal exchange between one reader and one device in a four-step access procedure. The horizontal axis of Fig. 17 represents the time axis.

[0152] In the example of Figure 17, the number of slots for Msg1 and Msg2 is instructed via A-IoT paging. A device that receives A-IoT paging determines the number of slots for Msg1 based on the instruction, and transmits Msg1 in one of the determined number of slots. Also, a device that receives A-IoT paging determines the number of slots for Msg2 based on the instruction, and receives Msg2 in one of the determined number of slots.

[0153] In the example of FIG. 17, the number of slots for each of Msg3 and Msg4 is indicated via Msg2. A device that receives Msg2 determines the number of slots for Msg3 based on the instruction, and transmits Msg3 in one of the determined number of slots. A device that receives Msg2 also determines the number of slots for Msg4 based on the instruction, and receives Msg4 in one of the determined number of slots. Note that the exchange of Mg4 does not have to be included. If the exchange of Mg4 is not included, Msg2 does not have to include an indication of the number of slots for Msg4.

[0154] 17, when the number of slots for each of Msg3 and Msg4 is indicated via Msg2, the number of transmission opportunities for Msg3 (e.g., the number of slots) may be adjusted. In this case, the number of transmission opportunities for Msg3 may be adjusted based on the number of devices that successfully transmitted Msg1. The fewer the devices that successfully transmitted Msg1, the fewer the number of transmission opportunities for Msg3 may be adjusted. For example, when the number of devices that successfully transmitted Msg1 is n or more (n is an integer greater than or equal to 1), the number of transmission opportunities for Mg3 may be adjusted to N (N is an integer greater than or equal to 1), and when the number of devices that successfully transmitted Msg1 is less than n, the number of transmission opportunities for Msg3 may be adjusted to M (M is an integer greater than or equal to 1 and less than N).

[0155] Option 1 and Option 2 of Proposal 1 described above may be applied per message and / or per frame. For example, Option 1 may be applied to determine the number of slots for Msg1, and Option 2 may be applied to determine the number of slots for Msg3. For example, Option 1 may be applied to determine the number of slots for each message in the first frame, and Option 2 may be applied to determine the number of slots for each message in the second and subsequent frames.

[0156] In the above-described Option 1 and Option 2 of Proposal 1, the number of slots of Msg1, Msg2, Msg3, and Msg4 may be the same or different from each other. For example, the number of slots of Msg1, Msg2, Msg3, and Msg4 may be set to a common value, or may be set independently.

[0157] Furthermore, in Option 1 and Option 2 of Proposal 1 described above, the number of slots for Msg1 may be the same for each frame or may be different for each frame. The number of slots for Msg2 may be the same for each frame or may be different for each frame. The number of slots for Msg3 may be the same for each frame or may be different for each frame. The number of slots for Msg4 may be the same for each frame or may be different for each frame. Having the same number of slots for each frame corresponds to BFSA. Having different numbers of slots for each frame corresponds to DFSA. In other words, the number of slots for Msg1, Msg2, Msg3, and Msg4 may be set independently for each frame. They may also be set as a common value between frames.

[0158] Proposal 1 presented a method for determining the number of slots for each message. This method allows devices to determine the number of slots for each message, and therefore allows them to respond appropriately to any adjustments to the number of slots. This allows devices to determine the number of slots for each message even when the number of slots is adjusted to shorten the time required for random access by multiple devices, and allows random access by multiple devices to be performed appropriately.

[0159] <Proposal 2> Proposal 2 explains an example of the operation when a message transmission failure occurs. Note that a message transmission failure may also include a failure of the receiving side to receive the message. A message transmission failure includes a failure of the sending side (e.g., a reader or a device) to send a message, and a failure of the receiving side (e.g., a reader or a device) to receive the message even though the sending side has successfully sent the message. First, the premise of a message transmission failure will be explained.

[0160] <Prerequisites for Proposal 2> If a message transmission failure occurs, the device may retransmit Msg1 for the same inventory process. The message transmission failure may be caused, for example, by a collision with a message transmission from another device and / or a message transmission from the reader. Alternatively, the message transmission failure may be caused, for example, by a deterioration in link quality, interference from other systems and / or devices, noise, etc.

[0161] A failed message transmission is detected by a device. A device may determine that a message transmission has failed if it does not receive a message from a reader that contains an appropriate response to a message that the device sent. For example, a failed message transmission may be detected in the following manner:

[0162] A failed transmission may be detected by receiving Msg2. For example, if the ID transmitted by Msg2 does not match the ID transmitted by the device in Msg1, the device determines that the Msg1 transmission has failed. Also, for example, if the device is unable to receive Msg2 at the expected time, the device determines that the Msg1 transmission has failed.

[0163] Transmission failure may be detected by receiving Msg4. For example, if the ID transmitted by Msg4 does not match the ID that the device transmitted in Msg3, the device determines that the Msg3 transmission has failed. Also, for example, if Msg4 cannot be received at the expected timing, the device determines that the Msg3 transmission has failed.

[0164] Transmission failure may be detected by receiving Msg4. For example, if the ID transmitted by Msg4 does not match the ID that the device transmitted in Msg1, the device determines that the Msg1 transmission has failed. Also, for example, if Msg4 cannot be received at the expected timing, the device determines that the Msg1 transmission has failed.

[0165] Note that in the access procedure, if Msg4 is not included, the device may determine that the message transmission has failed based on a different R2D from Msg4.

[0166] <Example of the Msg3 transmission operation of the device that detected the failure of Msg1 transmission> The device that detected the failure of Msg1 transmission may skip the transmission of Msg3 and / or the reception / transmission of messages subsequent to Msg3, such as Msg4 reception, R2D command reception, and D2R transmission corresponding to the R2D command. The reception / transmission of messages subsequent to Msg3 is, for example, at least one of Msg4 reception, R2D command reception, and D2R transmission corresponding to the R2D command.

[0167] By skipping this transmission / reception, the device that detected the failure of Msg1 transmission can suppress the power consumption required for transmission / reception. Also, by skipping this transmission / reception, the signals to be transmitted / received are reduced, so the collision probability in the signal transmission of other devices can be reduced.

[0168] <State of the device after detecting transmission failure> The device that detected the failure of Msg1 / 3 transmission makes one of the following settings as the setting of the device state.

[0169] For Scheme 1 of the access procedure shown in FIG. 12, the device may enter a sleep state or an off state for a specific period of time after detecting a failure in transmitting Msg1 / 3. For example, the device may enter a sleep state or an off state until the end of the frame after detecting a failure in transmitting Msg1 / 3. Note that since the detection of a failure in transmitting Msg1 / 3 is performed by receiving Msg2 / 4, "after detecting a failure in transmitting Msg1 / 3" may correspond to "after receiving Msg2 / 4."

[0170] For Scheme 2 of the access procedure shown in Figure 13, after detecting a failure in transmitting Msg1 / 3, the device may enter a sleep state or an off state for a specific period of time. Note that since the detection of a failure in transmitting Msg1 / 3 is performed by receiving Msg2 / 4, "after detecting a failure in transmitting Msg1 / 3" may correspond to "after receiving Msg2 / 4." For example, for Scheme 2 of the access procedure, after detecting a failure in transmitting Msg1 / 3, the device may enter a sleep state or an off state for one of the following optional periods:

[0171] Option 1 for Scheme 2: After detecting a failure to transmit Msg1 / 3, the device may go to sleep or off state until the end of the frame.

[0172] Option 2 for Scheme 2: After detecting a failure to transmit Msg1 / 3, the device may go to sleep or off state until the end of the slot.

[0173] Option 2' for Scheme 2: After detecting a failure in Msg1 / 3 transmission, the device may go to sleep or off state until the end of several subsequent slots.

[0174] As described above, when the device detects a failure in message transmission, it may enter a sleep state or an off state for a specific period. Here, the specific period may be, for example, the period until the end of the frame in which the transmission failure is detected, or the period until the end of at least one slot after the transmission failure is detected.

[0175] By setting the state of the device as described above, the device that has detected a failure in message transmission enters a sleep state or an off state for a specific period, so that the power consumption (or energy consumption) of the device can be suppressed.

[0176] <Wake-up timing for Msg1 retransmission> As described above, after detecting a transmission failure, when the device enters a sleep state or an off state, the device wakes up to perform Msg1 retransmission and transmits Msg1 after waking up. Regarding the wake-up timing for Msg1 retransmission, either of the following two options is applicable.

[0177] Option 1: In Option 1, the wake-up timing is instructed by the reader / NW (network). As an instruction method, at least one of the following Option 1-1 or Option 1-2 is applicable.

[0178] Option 1-1: The number of slots for each message is instructed via A-IoT paging and / or Msg2. The device counts the wake-up timing based on the instructed number of slots.

[0179] Option 1-2: The start timing of the next round is instructed via A-IoT paging. For example, the start timing is instructed to be the timing after X ms, the timing after X slots, or the timing after X chips have elapsed after paging. The device counts the wake-up timing.

[0180] Option 2: In option 2, the device decides when to wake up, for example, based on the energy status of the device.

[0181] Examples of the timing of entering the sleep state or the off state and the timing of waking up will be described below with reference to the drawings.

[0182] FIG. 18 is a diagram showing an example of operation when a failure in transmitting Msg1 / 3 is detected for Scheme 1 of the access procedure. Similar to FIG. 15, FIG. 18 shows signal exchange between one reader and N devices, devices #1 to #N (N is an integer equal to or greater than 2). The horizontal axis in FIG. 18 indicates the time axis. In FIG. 18, the random access procedure of Scheme 1 is executed in each of three rounds. Note that the signal exchange in each round is the same as the example of Scheme 1 shown in FIG. 12, and therefore a description thereof will be omitted.

[0183] 18, in the first round (e.g., the first frame), device #N detects a failure in transmitting Msg1 at the opportunity to receive Msg2. In this case, device #N goes into a sleep state or an off state until the end of the first round (in other words, the first frame). Then, device #N wakes up to retransmit at the start of the second round.

[0184] Fig. 19 is a diagram showing a first operation example when a failure in Msg1 / 3 transmission is detected for scheme 2 of the access procedure. Similar to Fig. 16, Fig. 19 shows signal exchange between one reader and N devices, devices #1 to #N (N is an integer equal to or greater than 2). The horizontal axis in Fig. 19 represents the time axis. In Fig. 19, the random access procedure of scheme 2 is executed in each of three rounds. Note that the signal exchange in each round is the same as the example of scheme 2 shown in Fig. 13, and therefore a description thereof will be omitted.

[0185] Figure 19 shows an example in which Option 1 for Scheme 2 is applied. In Figure 19, in the first round (e.g., the first frame), at the opportunity to receive Msg2, Device #1 detects a failure in transmitting Msg1. In this case, in Option 1 for Scheme 2, Device #1 goes into a sleep state or an off state until the end of the first round. Then, Device #1 wakes up to retransmit at the start of the second round.

[0186] FIG. 20 is a diagram showing a second operation example when a failure in Msg1 / 3 transmission is detected for Scheme 2 of the access procedure. Similar to FIG. 16, FIG. 20 shows signal exchange between one reader and N devices, devices #1 to #N (N is an integer equal to or greater than 2). The horizontal axis in FIG. 20 represents the time axis. In FIG. 20, the random access procedure of Scheme 2 is executed in each of three rounds. Note that the signal exchange in each round is the same as the example of Scheme 2 shown in FIG. 13, and therefore a description thereof will be omitted.

[0187] FIG. 20 shows an example in which Option 2' for Scheme 2 is applied. In FIG. 20, in the first round (e.g., the first frame), at the opportunity to receive Msg2, Device #1 detects a failure in transmitting Msg1. In this case, in Option 2 for Scheme 2, Device #1 goes into a sleep state or an off state until multiple slots have passed. Then, after multiple slots have passed, Device #1 wakes up to retransmit.

[0188] As described above, in Proposal 2, a device transmits a message (for example, Msg1 / 3), and if it detects that the transmitted message has failed, it puts the device into a sleep state or an off state for a specific period of time.

[0189] In Proposal 2, by setting the device state, a device that detects a message transmission failure goes into a sleep or off state for a specific period and wakes up at an appropriate timing, thereby reducing the device's power consumption (or energy consumption). This allows the device to perform operations that reduce power consumption in the event of a transmission failure by a device, which is likely to occur when multiple devices perform random access, making it possible to properly perform random access by multiple devices.

[0190] The device may report the support status of each of the above-mentioned proposals and each option of each proposal to a network (e.g., a base station) as capability information. You may also set / instruct the

[0191] R2D reception may correspond to the device receiving a signal / channel / information transmitted by a reader. Alternatively, R2D reception may correspond to a signal / channel / information transmitted by a reader and received by a device. Note that the reader transmitting a signal / channel / information to a device, or the transmitted signal / channel / information, may also be referred to as "R2D transmission."

[0192] D2R transmission may correspond to the act of a device transmitting a signal / channel / information to a reader. Alternatively, D2R transmission may correspond to the signal / channel / information transmitted by a device and received by a reader. Note that the act of a reader receiving a signal / channel / information from a device, or the received signal / channel / information, may be referred to as "D2R reception."

[0193] "R2D control" corresponds to information / signals / channels related to control transmitted from a reader to a device. "R2D control" may be transmitted in the PRDCH or in a channel for R2D of a PHY different from the PRDCH (e.g., a channel dedicated to R2D control of a PHY).

[0194] "D2R control" corresponds to information / signals / channels related to control transmitted from a device to a reader. The "D2R control" may be transmitted in a PDRCH or in a PHY D2R channel different from the PDRCH (e.g., a PHY D2R control dedicated channel).

[0195] In the following, notifications / indications may be carried in the physical (PHY) layer / MAC (Medium Access Control) layer / RRC (Radio Resource Control) layer / a new layer defined for A-IoT.

[0196] In the present disclosure, A / B may mean at least one of A and B. In the present disclosure, "A / B / C" may mean "at least one of A, B, and C."

[0197] In the present disclosure, higher layer signaling may be, for example, any one of Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling, Medium Access Control (MAC) signaling, broadcast information, and the like, or a combination thereof.

[0198] The MAC signaling may use, for example, a MAC Control Element (MAC CE), a MAC Protocol Data Unit (PDU), etc. The broadcast information may be, for example, a Master Information Block (MIB), a System Information Block (SIB), Remaining Minimum System Information (RMSI), Other System Information (OSI), etc.

[0199] The physical layer signaling may be, for example, downlink control information (DCI).

[0200] <Device configuration> Next, the configurations of the base station 10 and the device 20 will be described. Note that the configurations of the base station 10 and the device 20 described below are examples of functions related to the present embodiment. The base station 10 and the device 20 may have functions not shown. Furthermore, the functional divisions and / or names of the functional units are not limited as long as the functions perform the operations related to the present embodiment.

[0201] <Base station configuration> 21 is a block diagram showing an example of the configuration of a base station 10 according to an embodiment. The base station 10 includes, for example, a transmitting unit 101, a receiving unit 102, and a control unit 103. The base station 10 communicates with a device 20 (see FIG. 22) wirelessly. The base station 10 may be an intermediate node or a CW node.

[0202] The transmitter 101 transmits a downlink (DL) signal to the device 20. For example, the transmitter 101 transmits the DL signal under the control of the controller 103.

[0203] The DL signal may include, for example, a downlink data signal and control information (e.g., DCI (Downlink Control Information)). The DL signal may also include information indicating scheduling related to signal transmission of the device 20 (e.g., an UL grant). The DL signal may also include control information of higher layers (e.g., control information of RRC (Radio Resource Control)). The DL signal may also include a reference signal.

[0204] The channels used for transmitting DL signals include, for example, a data channel and a control channel. For example, the data channel may include a PDSCH (Physical Downlink Shared Channel), and the control channel may include a PDCCH (Physical Downlink Control Channel). For example, the base station 10 transmits control information to the device 20 using the PDCCH and transmits downlink data signals using the PDSCH.

[0205] The reference signals included in the DL signal may include at least one of, for example, a Demodulation Reference Signal (DMRS), a Phase Tracking Reference Signal (PTRS), a Channel State Information-Reference Signal (CSI-RS), a Sounding Reference Signal (SRS), and a Positioning Reference Signal (PRS) for position information. For example, reference signals such as the DMRS and PTRS are used for demodulating downlink data signals and are transmitted using the PDSCH.

[0206] The receiving unit 102 receives an uplink (UL) signal transmitted from the device 20. For example, the receiving unit 102 receives the UL signal under the control of the control unit 103.

[0207] The control unit 103 controls the communication operations of the base station 10, including the transmission processing of the transmission unit 101 and the reception processing of the reception unit 102. For example, the control unit 103 performs operations other than the transmission and reception described in the above embodiment (note that these operations may be performed by the reception unit 102 and / or the transmission unit 101).

[0208] For example, the control unit 103 acquires information such as data and control information from the upper layer and outputs it to the transmitting unit 101. The control unit 103 also outputs the data, control information, etc. received from the receiving unit 102 to the upper layer.

[0209] For example, the control unit 103 allocates resources (or channels) used for transmitting and receiving DL signals and / or resources used for transmitting and receiving UL signals based on a signal (e.g., data and control information, etc.) received from the device 20 and / or data and control information, etc. acquired from a higher layer. Information on the allocated resources may be included in control information transmitted to the device 20.

[0210] The control unit 103 configures PUCCH resources as an example of allocation of resources used for transmitting and receiving UL signals. Information related to PUCCH configuration such as a PUCCH cell timing pattern (PUCCH configuration information) may be notified to the device 20 by RRC.

[0211] Here, the transmitting unit 101 and the receiving unit 102 (which may be collectively referred to as a communication unit) communicate with the device 20.

[0212] <Device configuration> 22 is a block diagram showing an example of the configuration of a device 20 according to an embodiment. The device 20 is a device with lower complexity than a Narrow Band-Internet of Things (NB-IoT) device, for example, an A-IoT UE. The device 20 may be considered as a device that receives power from energy harvesting. For example, the device 20 may be considered as a device that receives power from a CW supplied from a base station 10.

[0213] The device 20 includes, for example, a receiving unit 201, a transmitting unit 202, and a control unit 203. The device 20 communicates with, for example, the base station 10 wirelessly. The device 20 may be, for example, an A-IoT device.

[0214] The receiving unit 201 receives a DL signal transmitted from the base station 10. For example, the receiving unit 201 receives the DL signal under the control of the control unit 203.

[0215] The transmitter 202 transmits the UL signal to the base station 10. For example, the transmitter 202 transmits the UL signal under the control of the controller 203.

[0216] The UL signal may include, for example, an uplink data signal and control information (e.g., UCI). For example, information related to the processing capabilities of the device 20 (e.g., UE capability) may be included. The UL signal may also include a reference signal.

[0217] The channels used for transmitting UL signals include, for example, a data channel and a control channel. For example, the data channel includes a PUSCH (Physical Uplink Shared Channel), and the control channel includes a PUCCH (Physical Uplink Control Channel). For example, the device 20 receives control information from the base station 10 using the PUCCH and transmits uplink data signals using the PUSCH.

[0218] The reference signals included in the UL signal may include, for example, at least one of DMRS, PTRS, CSI-RS, SRS, and PRS. For example, the reference signals such as DMRS and PTRS are used for demodulating the uplink data signal and are transmitted using an uplink channel (for example, PUSCH).

[0219] The control unit 203 controls the communication operations of the device 20, including the reception process in the receiving unit 201 and the transmission process in the transmitting unit 202. For example, the control unit 203 performs operations other than the transmission and reception described in the above embodiment (note that these operations may be performed by the receiving unit 201 and / or the transmitting unit 202).

[0220] For example, the control unit 203 acquires information such as data and control information from a higher layer and outputs it to the transmitting unit 202. Also, the control unit 203 outputs, for example, the data and control information received from the receiving unit 201 to the higher layer.

[0221] For example, the control unit 203 controls transmission of information to be fed back to the base station 10. The information to be fed back to the base station 10 may include, for example, HARQ-ACK, Channel State Information (CSI), or a Scheduling Request (SR). The information to be fed back to the base station 10 may be included in UCI. The UCI is transmitted in the resources of the PUCCH.

[0222] Control unit 203 configures PUCCH resources based on configuration information (for example, configuration information such as a PUCCH cell timing pattern and / or DCI notified by RRC) received from base station 10. Control unit 203 determines PUCCH resources to be used for transmitting information to be fed back to base station 10. Under the control of control unit 203, transmission unit 202 transmits the information to be fed back to base station 10 in the PUCCH resources determined by control unit 203.

[0223] Note that the channel used for transmitting the DL signal and the channel used for transmitting the UL signal are not limited to the above-mentioned examples. For example, the channel used for transmitting the DL signal and the channel used for transmitting the UL signal may include a Random Access Channel (RACH) and a Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH). The RACH may be used to transmit Downlink Control Information (DCI) including a Random Access Radio Network Temporary Identifier (RA-RNTI), for example.

[0224] Here, the receiving unit 201 and the transmitting unit 202 (which may be collectively referred to as a communication unit) communicate with the network, such as the base station 10 and intermediate UE.

[0225] For example, the communication unit of the device 20 transmits a message (for example, Msg1 / 3). Then, if the control unit 203 detects a failure in transmitting the message, it sets the state of the device 20 to a sleep state or an off state until a first timing.

[0226] For example, the control unit 203 of the device 20 keeps the state of the device 20 in a sleep state or an off state until the end of a specific procedure (e.g., one frame / round / attempt) including the transmission of a message, or until the end of a time unit (e.g., at least one slot) of an opportunity to transmit at least one message.

[0227] The communication unit of the device 20 receives information about the number of opportunities (for example, the number of slots) to send the message from the message destination (for example, the reader).

[0228] The control unit 203 of the device 20 wakes up at a second timing after being in a sleep state or an off state, and the communication unit transmits a message after waking up.

[0229] The present disclosure has been described above. Note that the division of items in the above description is not essential to the present disclosure, and items described in two or more items may be used in combination as needed, and items described in one item may be applied to items described in another item (unless they are inconsistent).

[0230] <Hardware configuration, etc.> The block diagrams used to explain the above embodiments show functional blocks. These functional blocks (components) are realized by any combination of hardware and / or software. Furthermore, the method for realizing each functional block is not particularly limited. That is, each functional block may be realized using a single device that is physically or logically coupled, or may be realized using two or more physically or logically separated devices that are connected directly or indirectly (for example, by wire, wirelessly, etc.) and these multiple devices. The functional block may also be realized by combining the single device or the multiple devices with software.

[0231] Functions include, but are not limited to, judgment, determination, judgment, calculation, computation, processing, derivation, investigation, search, confirmation, reception, transmission, output, access, resolution, selection, election, establishment, comparison, assumption, expectation, consideration, broadcasting, notifying, communicating, forwarding, configuring, reconfiguring, allocation, mapping, and assignment. For example, a functional block (component) that performs transmission is called a transmitting unit or transmitter. As mentioned above, there are no particular limitations on how these functions are implemented.

[0232] For example, a base station, a device, etc. according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may function as a computer that performs processing of the wireless communication method of the present disclosure. Fig. 23 is a diagram showing an example of the hardware configuration of a base station and a device according to the embodiment. The above-described base station 10 and device 20 may be physically configured as a computer including a processor 1001, a memory 1002, a storage 1003, a communication device 1004, an input device 1005, an output device 1006, a bus 1007, etc.

[0233] In the following description, the term "apparatus" can be interpreted as a circuit, a device, a unit, etc. The hardware configuration of the base station 10 and the device 20 may be configured to include one or more of the apparatuses shown in the drawings, or may be configured to exclude some of the apparatuses.

[0234] Each function in the base station 10 and the device 20 is realized by loading predetermined software (programs) onto hardware such as the processor 1001 and the memory 1002, causing the processor 1001 to perform calculations, control communication by the communication device 1004, and control at least one of reading and writing data in the memory 1002 and the storage 1003.

[0235] The processor 1001 controls the entire computer by running, for example, an operating system. The processor 1001 may be configured by a central processing unit (CPU) including an interface with peripheral devices, a control device, an arithmetic unit, a register, etc. For example, the above-mentioned control unit 103 and control unit 203 may be realized by the processor 1001.

[0236] Furthermore, the processor 1001 reads programs (program codes), software modules, data, etc. from at least one of the storage 1003 and the communication device 1004 into the memory 1002 and executes various processes in accordance with these. The programs used are those that cause a computer to execute at least some of the operations described in the above-described embodiments. For example, the control unit 103 of the base station 10 and the control unit 203 of the device 20 may be implemented by a control program stored in the memory 1002 and running on the processor 1001, and similar implementations may be made for other functional blocks. While the above-described various processes have been described as being executed by one processor 1001, they may also be executed simultaneously or sequentially by two or more processors 1001. The processor 1001 may be implemented by one or more chips. The programs may be transmitted from a network via a telecommunications line.

[0237] The memory 1002 is a computer-readable recording medium and may be configured, for example, by at least one of a read-only memory (ROM), an erasable programmable ROM (EPROM), an electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM), a random access memory (RAM), etc. The memory 1002 may also be called a register, a cache, a main memory (primary storage device), etc. The memory 1002 can store executable programs (program codes), software modules, etc. for implementing a wireless communication method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0238] Storage 1003 is a computer-readable recording medium, and may be composed of at least one of, for example, an optical disk such as a CD-ROM (Compact Disc ROM), a hard disk drive, a flexible disk, a magneto-optical disk (e.g., a compact disk, a digital versatile disk, a Blu-ray disc), a smart card, a flash memory (e.g., a card, a stick, a key drive), a floppy disk, a magnetic strip, etc. Storage 1003 may also be referred to as an auxiliary storage device. The above-mentioned storage medium may be, for example, a database, a server, or other appropriate medium including at least one of memory 1002 and storage 1003.

[0239] The communication device 1004 is hardware (transmission / reception device) for communicating between computers via at least one of a wired network and a wireless network, and is also referred to as, for example, a network device, a network controller, a network card, or a communication module. The communication device 1004 may be configured to include a high-frequency switch, a duplexer, a filter, a frequency synthesizer, etc. to realize at least one of frequency division duplex (FDD) and time division duplex (TDD). For example, the above-mentioned transmitter 101, receiver 102, receiver 201, transmitter 202, etc. may be realized by the communication device 1004.

[0240] The input device 1005 is an input device (for example, a keyboard, a mouse, a microphone, a switch, a button, a sensor, etc.) that receives input from the outside. The output device 1006 is an output device (for example, a display, a speaker, an LED lamp, etc.) that outputs to the outside. The input device 1005 and the output device 1006 may be integrated into one device (for example, a touch panel).

[0241] Furthermore, each device, such as the processor 1001 and the memory 1002, is connected by a bus 1007 for communicating information. The bus 1007 may be configured using a single bus, or may be configured using different buses between each device.

[0242] Furthermore, the base station 10 and the device 20 may be configured to include hardware such as a microprocessor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a programmable logic device (PLD), or a field programmable gate array (FPGA), and some or all of the functional blocks may be realized by the hardware. For example, the processor 1001 may be implemented using at least one of these pieces of hardware.

[0243] <Information notification, signaling> The notification of information is not limited to the embodiments described in the present disclosure, and may be performed using other methods. For example, the notification of information may be performed by physical layer signaling (e.g., Downlink Control Information (DCI), Uplink Control Information (UCI)), higher layer signaling (e.g., Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling, Medium Access Control (MAC) signaling, broadcast information (Master Information Block (MIB), System Information Block (SIB))), other signals, or a combination thereof. Furthermore, the RRC signaling may be referred to as an RRC message, and may be, for example, an RRC Connection Setup message, an RRC Connection Reconfiguration message, or the like.

[0244] <Applicable systems> Embodiments described in the present disclosure may be applied to at least one of a system using LTE (Long Term Evolution), LTE-Advanced (LTE-A), SUPER 3G, IMT-Advanced, 4G (4th generation mobile communication system), 5G (5th generation mobile communication system), 6G (6th generation mobile communication system), xG (xG (x is, for example, an integer or a decimal point)), FRA (Future Radio Access), NR (new Radio), New radio access (NX), Future generation radio access (FX), W-CDMA (registered trademark), GSM (registered trademark), CDMA2000, UMB (Ultra Mobile Broadband), IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.20, UWB (Ultra-Wideband), Bluetooth (registered trademark), or other suitable systems, and next generation systems extended, modified, created, or defined based on these. Furthermore, a combination of multiple systems (for example, a combination of at least one of LTE and LTE-A with 5G) may be applied.

[0245] <Processing procedures, etc.> The order of the procedures, sequences, flowcharts, etc. of each aspect / embodiment described in this disclosure may be changed unless it is consistent. For example, the methods described in this disclosure present elements of various steps using an example order, and are not limited to the particular order presented.

[0246] <Base station operation> In the present disclosure, a specific operation described as being performed by a base station may be performed by its upper node in some cases. In a network consisting of one or more network nodes having a base station, it is clear that various operations performed for communication with a terminal may be performed by at least one of the base station and another network node other than the base station (for example, but not limited to, an MME or an S-GW). Although the above example illustrates a case where there is one other network node other than the base station, a combination of multiple other network nodes (for example, an MME and an S-GW) may also be used.

[0247] <Input / output direction> Information, etc. (see the section on information and signals) can be output from a higher layer (or a lower layer) to a lower layer (or a higher layer). It may also be input and output via multiple network nodes.

[0248] <Handling of input and output information> Input and output information may be stored in a specific location (for example, memory) or may be managed using a management table. Input and output information may be overwritten, updated, or added to. Output information may be deleted. Input information may be sent to another device.

[0249] <Judgment method> The determination may be made based on a value represented by one bit (0 or 1), a Boolean value (true or false), or a numerical comparison (e.g., comparison with a predetermined value).

[0250] <Variations of form, etc.> Each aspect / embodiment described in this disclosure may be used alone, in combination, or switched depending on the implementation. Furthermore, notification of predetermined information (e.g., notification that "X is true") is not limited to being done explicitly, but may be done implicitly (e.g., by not notifying the predetermined information).

[0251] Although the present disclosure has been described in detail above, it is clear to those skilled in the art that the present disclosure is not limited to the embodiments described herein. The present disclosure can be implemented in modified and altered forms without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure as defined by the claims. Therefore, the description of the present disclosure is intended to be illustrative and does not have any limiting meaning on the present disclosure.

[0252] <Software> Software shall be construed broadly to mean instructions, instruction sets, code, code segments, program code, programs, subprograms, software modules, applications, software applications, software packages, routines, subroutines, objects, executable files, threads of execution, procedures, functions, etc., whether referred to as software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description language, or otherwise.

[0253] Software, instructions, information, etc. may also be transmitted or received over a transmission medium. For example, if software is transmitted from a website, server, or other remote source using wired technologies (such as coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, Digital Subscriber Line (DSL)), and / or wireless technologies (such as infrared, microwave), then these wired and / or wireless technologies are included within the definition of transmission media.

[0254] <Information, Signals> The information, signals, etc. described in this disclosure may be represented using any of a variety of different technologies. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, chips, etc. that may be referred to throughout the above description may be represented by voltages, currents, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or magnetic particles, optical fields or photons, or any combination thereof.

[0255] Note that terms explained in this disclosure and terms necessary for understanding this disclosure may be replaced with terms having the same or similar meanings. For example, at least one of a channel and a symbol may be a signal (signaling). Furthermore, a signal may be a message. Furthermore, a component carrier (CC) may be called a carrier frequency, a cell, a frequency carrier, etc.

[0256] <System, Network> As used in this disclosure, the terms "system" and "network" are used interchangeably.

[0257] <parameter, channel name> Furthermore, the information, parameters, etc. described in the present disclosure may be expressed using absolute values, may be expressed using relative values ​​from a predetermined value, or may be expressed using other corresponding information. For example, a radio resource may be indicated by an index.

[0258] The names used for the above-described parameters are not intended to be limiting in any way. Furthermore, the mathematical expressions using these parameters may differ from those explicitly disclosed in this disclosure. The various channels (e.g., PUCCH, PDCCH, etc.) and information elements may be identified by any suitable names, and therefore the various names assigned to these various channels and information elements are not intended to be limiting in any way.

[0259] <Base station> In this disclosure, terms such as "base station (BS)," "radio base station," "fixed station," "NodeB," "eNodeB (eNB)," "gNodeB (gNB)," "access point," "transmission point," "reception point," "transmission / reception point," "cell," "sector," "cell group," "carrier," and "component carrier" may be used interchangeably. Base stations may also be referred to by terms such as macrocell, small cell, femtocell, and picocell.

[0260] A base station can accommodate one or more (e.g., three) cells. When a base station accommodates multiple cells, the overall coverage area of ​​the base station can be divided into multiple smaller areas, and each smaller area can be provided with communication service by a base station subsystem (e.g., a small indoor base station (RRH: Remote Radio Head)). The term "cell" or "sector" refers to a part or the entire coverage area of ​​a base station and / or base station subsystem that provides communication service within this coverage.

[0261] In the present disclosure, the base station transmitting information to a terminal may be interpreted as the base station instructing the terminal to control or operate based on the information.

[0262] <Mobile station> In this disclosure, the terms "Mobile Station (MS)," "user terminal," "User Equipment (UE)," "terminal," etc. may be used interchangeably.

[0263] A mobile station may also be referred to by those skilled in the art as a subscriber station, mobile unit, subscriber unit, wireless unit, remote unit, mobile device, wireless device, wireless communication device, remote device, mobile subscriber station, access terminal, mobile terminal, wireless terminal, remote terminal, handset, user agent, mobile client, client, or some other suitable terminology.

[0264] <Base station / mobile station> At least one of the base station and the mobile station may be referred to as a transmitting device, a receiving device, a communication device, etc. At least one of the base station and the mobile station may be a device mounted on a mobile object, the mobile object itself, etc. The mobile object refers to a movable object, and may move at any speed. Naturally, this also includes cases where the mobile object is stationary. Examples of the mobile object include, but are not limited to, vehicles, transport vehicles, automobiles, motorcycles, bicycles, connected cars, excavators, bulldozers, wheel loaders, dump trucks, forklifts, trains, buses, handcars, rickshaws, ships and other watercraft, airplanes, rockets, satellites, drones (registered trademark), multicopters, quadcopters, balloons, and objects mounted thereon. The mobile object may also be an autonomous mobile object operating based on an operational command. It may be a vehicle (e.g., a car, an airplane, etc.), an unmanned mobile object (e.g., a drone, an autonomous vehicle, etc.), or a robot (manned or unmanned). At least one of the base station and the mobile station may be a device that does not necessarily move during communication operations. For example, at least one of the base station and the mobile station may be an IoT (Internet of Things) device such as a sensor.

[0265] Furthermore, a base station in the present disclosure may be read as a terminal. For example, the embodiments of the present disclosure may be applied to a configuration in which communication between a base station and a terminal is replaced with communication between multiple terminals (which may be called, for example, D2D (Device-to-Device) or V2X (Vehicle-to-Everything)). In this case, the device 20 may be configured to have the functions of the base station 10 described above. Furthermore, terms such as "uplink" and "downlink" may be read as terms corresponding to communication between terminals (for example, "side"). For example, terms such as an uplink channel and a downlink channel may be read as a side channel.

[0266] Similarly, the term "terminal" in the present disclosure may be interpreted as a base station, in which case the base station 10 may be configured to have the functions of the device 20 described above.

[0267] Fig. 24 shows an example configuration of a vehicle 2001. As shown in Fig. 24, the vehicle 2001 includes a drive unit 2002, a steering unit 2003, an accelerator pedal 2004, a brake pedal 2005, a shift lever 2006, front wheels 2007, rear wheels 2008, an axle 2009, an electronic control unit 2010, various sensors 2021 to 2029, an information service unit 2012, and a communication module 2013. Each aspect / embodiment described in the present disclosure may be applied to a communication device mounted on the vehicle 2001, and may be applied to the communication module 2013, for example.

[0268] The drive unit 2002 is configured, for example, by an engine, a motor, or a hybrid of an engine and a motor. The steering unit 2003 includes at least a steering wheel (also called a handle), and is configured to steer at least one of the front wheels and the rear wheels based on the operation of the steering wheel operated by the user.

[0269] The electronic control unit 2010 is composed of a microprocessor 2031, a memory (ROM, RAM) 2032, and a communication port (IO port) 2033. Signals are input to the electronic control unit 2010 from various sensors 2021 to 2029 provided in the vehicle 2001. The electronic control unit 2010 may also be called an ECU (Electronic Control Unit).

[0270] The signals from the various sensors 2021 to 2029 include a current signal from a current sensor 2021 that senses the current of the motor, a rotation speed signal of the front and rear wheels obtained by a rotation speed sensor 2022, an air pressure signal of the front and rear wheels obtained by an air pressure sensor 2023, a vehicle speed signal obtained by a vehicle speed sensor 2024, an acceleration signal obtained by an acceleration sensor 2025, an accelerator pedal depression amount signal obtained by an accelerator pedal sensor 2029, a brake pedal depression amount signal obtained by a brake pedal sensor 2026, a shift lever operation signal obtained by a shift lever sensor 2027, and a detection signal for detecting obstacles, vehicles, pedestrians, etc. obtained by an object detection sensor 2028.

[0271] The information service unit 2012 is composed of various devices, such as a car navigation system, an audio system, speakers, a television, and a radio, for providing (outputting) various information such as driving information, traffic information, and entertainment information, and one or more ECUs for controlling these devices. The information service unit 2012 uses information acquired from external devices via the communication module 2013, etc., to provide various multimedia information and multimedia services to the occupants of the vehicle 2001.

[0272] The information service unit 2012 may include input devices (e.g., keyboards, mice, microphones, switches, buttons, sensors, touch panels, etc.) that accept input from the outside, and may also include output devices (e.g., displays, speakers, LED lamps, touch panels, etc.) that output to the outside.

[0273] The driving assistance system unit 2030 is composed of various devices that provide functions for preventing accidents and reducing the driver's driving burden, such as a millimeter-wave radar, a LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging), a camera, a positioning locator (e.g., GNSS, etc.), map information (e.g., high-definition (HD) map, autonomous vehicle (AV) map, etc.), a gyro system (e.g., an IMU (Inertial Measurement Unit), an INS (Inertial Navigation System), etc.), an AI (Artificial Intelligence) chip, and an AI processor, as well as one or more ECUs that control these devices. The driving assistance system unit 2030 also transmits and receives various information via the communication module 2013 to realize the driving assistance function or the autonomous driving function.

[0274] The communication module 2013 can communicate with the microprocessor 2031 and components of the vehicle 2001 via the communication port. For example, the communication module 2013 transmits and receives data via the communication port 2033 to and from the drive unit 2002, steering unit 2003, accelerator pedal 2004, brake pedal 2005, shift lever 2006, front wheels 2007, rear wheels 2008, axle 2009, microprocessor 2031 and memory (ROM, RAM) 2032 in the electronic control unit 2010, and sensors 2021 to 29, which are provided in the vehicle 2001.

[0275] The communication module 2013 is a communication device that can be controlled by the microprocessor 2031 of the electronic control unit 2010 and can communicate with an external device. For example, it transmits and receives various information to and from the external device via wireless communication. The communication module 2013 may be located either inside or outside the electronic control unit 2010. The external device may be, for example, a base station, a mobile station, or the like.

[0276] The communication module 2013 may transmit at least one of signals from the above-mentioned various sensors 2021-2029 input to the electronic control unit 2010, information obtained based on the signals, and information based on input from the outside (user) obtained via the information service unit 2012 to an external device via wireless communication. The electronic control unit 2010, the various sensors 2021-2029, the information service unit 2012, etc. may be referred to as input units that accept input. For example, the PUSCH transmitted by the communication module 2013 may include information based on the above-mentioned input.

[0277] The communication module 2013 receives various information (traffic information, traffic signal information, vehicle distance information, etc.) transmitted from external devices and displays it on the information service unit 2012 provided in the vehicle 2001. The information service unit 2012 may also be called an output unit that outputs information (for example, outputs information to a device such as a display or speaker based on the PDSCH received by the communication module 2013 (or data / information decoded from the PDSCH)).

[0278] Furthermore, the communication module 2013 stores various information received from external devices in a memory 2032 that can be used by the microprocessor 2031. Based on the information stored in the memory 2032, the microprocessor 2031 may control the drive unit 2002, steering unit 2003, accelerator pedal 2004, brake pedal 2005, shift lever 2006, front wheels 2007, rear wheels 2008, axle 2009, sensors 2021 to 2029, and the like provided in the vehicle 2001.

[0279] <Terminology and interpretation> As used in this disclosure, the terms "determining" and "determining" may encompass a wide variety of actions. "Determining" and "determining" may include, for example, judging, calculating, computing, processing, deriving, investigating, looking up, searching, inquiring (e.g., searching in a table, database, or other data structure), ascertaining, and the like. "Determining" and "determining" may also include receiving (e.g., receiving information), transmitting (e.g., sending information), input, output, accessing (e.g., accessing data in memory), and the like. Furthermore, "judgment" and "decision" can include regarding resolving, selecting, choosing, establishing, comparing, etc. as having been "judged" or "decided." In other words, "judgment" and "decision" can include regarding some action as having been "judged" or "decided." Furthermore, "judgment (decision)" can be interpreted as "assuming," "expecting," "considering," etc.

[0280] The terms "connected," "coupled," or any variation thereof, refer to any direct or indirect connection or coupling between two or more elements, and may include the presence of one or more intermediate elements between two elements that are "connected" or "coupled" to each other. The coupling or connection between elements may be physical, logical, or a combination thereof. For example, "connected" may be read as "access." As used in this disclosure, two elements may be considered to be "connected" or "coupled" to each other using one or more wires, cables, and / or printed electrical connections, as well as electromagnetic energy having wavelengths in the radio frequency range, microwave range, and optical (both visible and invisible) range, as some non-limiting and non-exhaustive examples.

[0281] <Reference signal> The reference signal may be abbreviated as RS (Reference Signal) or may be called a pilot depending on the applicable standard.

[0282] <The meaning of "based on"> As used in this disclosure, the phrase "based on" does not mean "based only on," unless expressly stated otherwise. In other words, the phrase "based on" means both "based only on" and "based at least on."

[0283] <"First", "Second"> As used in this disclosure, any reference to an element using a designation such as "first," "second," etc. does not generally limit the quantity or order of those elements. These designations may be used in this disclosure as a convenient method of distinguishing between two or more elements. Thus, a reference to a first and a second element does not imply that only two elements may be employed or that the first element must in some way precede the second element.

[0284] <Means> In the configuration of each of the above devices, the "means" may be replaced with "section", "circuit", "device", etc.

[0285] <Open format> In the present disclosure, when terms such as "include", "including" and their variants are used, these terms are intended to be inclusive, similar to the term "comprising". Further, the term "or" used in the present disclosure is not intended to be an exclusive disjunction.

[0286] <Time units such as TTI, frequency units such as RB, radio frame configuration> A radio frame may be composed of one or more frames in the time domain. Each of the one or more frames in the time domain may be called a subframe. A subframe may further be composed of one or more slots in the time domain. A subframe may have a fixed time length (e.g., 1 ms) independent of numerology.

[0287] Numerology may be a communication parameter applied to at least one of transmission and reception of a certain signal or channel. Numerology may indicate at least one of, for example, subcarrier spacing (SCS), bandwidth, symbol length, cyclic prefix length, transmission time interval (TTI), number of symbols per TTI, radio frame configuration, specific filtering processing performed by a transceiver in the frequency domain, specific windowing processing performed by a transceiver in the time domain, etc.

[0288] A slot may be composed of one or more symbols (such as an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) symbol or a Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) symbol) in the time domain. A slot may be a time unit based on numerology.

[0289] A slot may include multiple minislots. Each minislot may consist of one or multiple symbols in the time domain. A minislot may also be called a subslot. A minislot may consist of fewer symbols than a slot. A PDSCH (or PUSCH) transmitted in a time unit larger than a minislot may be called PDSCH (or PUSCH) mapping type A. A PDSCH (or PUSCH) transmitted using a minislot may be called PDSCH (or PUSCH) mapping type B.

[0290] The radio frame, subframe, slot, minislot, and symbol all represent time units for transmitting signals, and may be referred to by other names corresponding to the radio frame, subframe, slot, minislot, and symbol.

[0291] For example, one subframe may be called a transmission time interval (TTI), multiple consecutive subframes may be called a TTI, or one slot or one minislot may be called a TTI. That is, at least one of the subframe and the TTI may be a subframe (1 ms) in existing LTE, a period shorter than 1 ms (for example, 1-13 symbols), or a period longer than 1 ms. Note that the unit representing the TTI may be called a slot, minislot, etc. instead of a subframe.

[0292] Here, TTI refers to, for example, the smallest time unit for scheduling in wireless communication. For example, in an LTE system, a base station performs scheduling to allocate radio resources (such as frequency bandwidth and transmission power that can be used by each user terminal) to each user terminal in TTI units. However, the definition of TTI is not limited to this.

[0293] The TTI may be a transmission time unit for a channel-encoded data packet (transport block), a code block, a code word, etc., or may be a processing unit for scheduling, link adaptation, etc. When a TTI is given, the time interval (e.g., the number of symbols) to which a transport block, a code block, a code word, etc. is actually mapped may be shorter than the TTI.

[0294] When one slot or one minislot is called a TTI, one or more TTIs (i.e., one or more slots or one or more minislots) may be the minimum time unit for scheduling. Also, the number of slots (minislots) constituting the minimum time unit for scheduling may be controlled.

[0295] A TTI having a time length of 1 ms may be called a regular TTI (TTI in LTE Rel. 8-12), normal TTI, long TTI, regular subframe, normal subframe, long subframe, slot, etc. A TTI shorter than a regular TTI may be called a shortened TTI, short TTI, partial or fractional TTI, shortened subframe, short subframe, minislot, subslot, slot, etc.

[0296] In addition, a long TTI (e.g., a normal TTI, a subframe, etc.) may be interpreted as a TTI having a time length of more than 1 ms, and a short TTI (e.g., a shortened TTI, etc.) may be interpreted as a TTI having a TTI length shorter than the TTI length of a long TTI and equal to or greater than 1 ms.

[0297] A resource block (RB) is a resource allocation unit in the time domain and frequency domain, and may include one or more consecutive subcarriers in the frequency domain. The number of subcarriers included in an RB may be the same regardless of numerology, for example, 12. The number of subcarriers included in an RB may also be determined based on numerology.

[0298] The time domain of an RB may include one or more symbols and may have a length of one slot, one minislot, one subframe, or one TTI. One TTI, one subframe, etc. may each be composed of one or more resource blocks.

[0299] Note that one or more RBs may also be called a physical resource block (PRB), a sub-carrier group (SCG), a resource element group (REG), a PRB pair, an RB pair, or the like.

[0300] Furthermore, a resource block may be composed of one or more resource elements (REs). For example, one RE may be a radio resource region of one subcarrier and one symbol.

[0301] A Bandwidth Part (BWP) (which may also be referred to as a fractional bandwidth) may represent a subset of contiguous common resource blocks (RBs) for a given numerology on a given carrier, where the common RBs may be identified by their index relative to a common reference point of the carrier. PRBs may be defined in a given BWP and numbered within that BWP.

[0302] The BWP may include a BWP for UL (UL BWP) and a BWP for DL ​​(DL BWP). One or more BWPs may be configured for a UE within one carrier.

[0303] At least one of the configured BWPs may be active, and the UE may not expect to transmit or receive a given signal / channel outside the active BWP. Note that the terms "cell," "carrier," etc. in this disclosure may be read as "BWP."

[0304] The above-described structures of radio frames, subframes, slots, minislots, symbols, etc. are merely examples. For example, the number of subframes included in a radio frame, the number of slots per subframe or radio frame, the number of minislots included in a slot, the number of symbols and RBs included in a slot or minislot, the number of subcarriers included in an RB, the number of symbols in a TTI, the symbol length, the cyclic prefix (CP) length, etc. may be changed in various ways.

[0305] <Maximum transmission power> The "maximum transmit power" in this disclosure may mean the maximum value of transmit power, the nominal UE maximum transmit power, or the rated UE maximum transmit power.

[0306] <Article> In this disclosure, where articles are added by translation, such as a, an, and the in English, the disclosure may include that the nouns following these articles are in the plural form.

[0307] <"Different"> In the present disclosure, the term "A and B are different" may mean "A and B are different from each other." The term may also mean "A and B are each different from C." Terms such as "separate" and "coupled" may also be interpreted in the same way as "different." [Industrial Applicability]

[0308] One aspect of the present disclosure is useful in wireless communication systems. [Explanation of symbols]

[0309] 10 base station 20 devices 101,202 Transmitter 102,201 Receiver 103,203 Control unit

Claims

1. A device, a communication unit for transmitting a message; a control unit that, when detecting a failure in transmission of the message, causes the device to be in a sleep state or an off state until a first timing; 1. A device comprising:

2. the control unit sets the state of the device to the sleep state or the off state until a specific procedure including the transmission of the message is completed or until a time unit of an opportunity to transmit at least one of the messages is completed. The device of claim 1 .

3. the communication unit receives information regarding the number of opportunities to transmit the message from a destination of the message; The device of claim 1 .

4. the control unit wakes up at a second timing after the sleep state or the off state; the communication unit transmits the message after the wake-up. The device of claim 1 .

5. wireless communication apparatus and device, The device comprises: a communication unit that transmits the message; a control unit that, when detecting a failure in transmission of the message, causes the device to be in a sleep state or the off state until a first timing; Equipped with The wireless communication device a receiving unit for receiving the message; Wireless communication system.

6. The device Send a message, when a failure in transmission of the message is detected, the state of the device is set to a sleep state or the off state until a first timing; Wireless communication method.

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