Wireless communication device, wireless communication system, and wireless communication method

Abstract

To provide a wireless communication device, wireless communication system, and wireless communication method capable of appropriately controlling the transmission power of signals to be transmitted to a device.SOLUTION: In a wireless communication system, a wireless communication device (base station 10) includes a control unit 103 that determines the transmission power of a signal to be transmitted to a device on the basis of parameters determined from a plurality of candidates, and a transmission unit 101 that transmits the signal to the device on the basis of the transmission power.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 12

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present disclosure relates to a wireless communication device, a wireless communication system, and a wireless communication method. [Background technology]

[0002] For NR (New Radio) (also known as "5G"), the successor system to LTE (Long Term Evolution), technologies are being considered that meet the requirements of a large-capacity system, high-speed data transmission speed, low latency, simultaneous connection of a large number of terminals, low cost, and low power consumption (see, for example, Non-Patent Document 1).

[0003] Furthermore, Release 18 (Rel-18) of 3GPP (registered trademark) is considering Ambient Internet of Things (A-IoT) (see, for example, Non-Patent Document 2). Ambient IoT targets devices with extremely simple configurations for low-end IoT applications that operate with extremely low power consumption. [Prior art documents] [Non-patent literature]

[0004] [Non-Patent Document 1] 3GPP TS 38.300 V17.3.0 (2022-12) [Non-patent document 2] “Revised SID on Ambient IoT”, RP-232404, 3GPP TSG RAN Meeting #101, September 2023 [Non-patent document 3] 3GPP TR 38.848 V1.0.0 (2023-09) [Non-patent document 4] 3GPP TS 36.211 V16.8.0 (2023-09) [Non-patent document 5] “Study on solutions for Ambient IoT (Internet of Things) in NR”, RP-234058, 3GPP TSG RAN Meeting #102, December 2023 Summary of the Invention

[0005] In A-IoT, device functionality is limited, so there is room for consideration regarding the transmission power when sending signals to devices.

[0006] One aspect of the present disclosure contributes to providing a wireless communication device, a wireless communication system, and a wireless communication method that can appropriately control the transmission power of a signal transmitted to a device.

[0007] A wireless communication device according to one aspect of the present disclosure is a wireless communication device that transmits a signal to a device, and includes a control unit that determines the transmission power of the signal to be transmitted to the device based on parameters determined from among a plurality of candidates, and a transmission unit that transmits the signal to the device based on the transmission power. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0008] [Figure 1] 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless communication system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 2] FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating Topology 1. [Figure 3] FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating Topology 2. [Figure 4] FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating topology 3 in DL support. [Figure 5] FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating Topology 3 in UL support. [Figure 6] FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating Topology 4. [Figure 7] FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating backscatter transmission. [Figure 8] 1A and 1B are diagrams illustrating examples of candidate topologies for CW / R2D / D2R transmission in Topology 1. [Figure 9]10A and 10B are diagrams illustrating examples of candidate topologies for CW / R2D / D2R transmission in Topology 2. [Figure 10] FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating an example of a relationship between an intermediate UE and wireless communication devices in the vicinity of the intermediate UE. [Figure 11] FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of the relationship between a CW node and wireless communication devices in the vicinity of the CW node. [Figure 12] FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating an example of a configuration of a base station according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 13] FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating an example of a configuration of a device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 14] FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating an example of a hardware configuration of a base station and a device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 15] 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of a configuration of a vehicle according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0009] Hereinafter, an embodiment according to one aspect of the present disclosure will be described with reference to the drawings. Note that the embodiment described below is an example, and the embodiment to which the present disclosure is applied is not limited to the following embodiment.

[0010] In operation of the wireless communication system according to the embodiment of the present disclosure, existing technologies are used as appropriate. The existing technologies are, for example, existing LTE or NR, but are not limited to existing LTE or NR. Furthermore, the term "LTE" as used in this specification has a broad meaning including LTE-Advanced and systems beyond LTE-Advanced, unless otherwise specified.

[0011] Furthermore, in the embodiments of the present disclosure described below, terms used in existing LTE, such as SS (synchronization signal), PSS (primary SS), SSS (secondary SS), PBCH (physical broadcast channel), PRACH (physical random access channel), PDCCH (physical downlink control channel), PDSCH (physical downlink shared channel), PUCCH (physical uplink control channel), and PUSCH (physical uplink shared channel), are used. This is for convenience of description, and similar signals, functions, etc. may be referred to by other names. Furthermore, the above-mentioned terms in NR correspond to NR-SS, NR-PSS, NR-SSS, NR-PBCH, NR-PRACH, etc. However, even signals used in NR are not necessarily designated as "NR-".

[0012] Furthermore, in the embodiments of the present disclosure, the duplex method may be a time division duplex (TDD) method, a frequency division duplex (FDD) method, or another method (for example, flexible duplex, etc.).

[0013] Furthermore, in the embodiments of the present disclosure, "configuring" radio parameters, etc. may mean that predetermined values ​​are pre-configured, or that radio parameters notified from a base station, device, terminal, etc. are set.

[0014] (Embodiment) <Wireless communication system> FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless communication system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. As illustrated in FIG. 1, the wireless communication system 1 includes a base station 10 and a device 20. While FIG. 1 illustrates one base station 10 and one device 20, this is merely an example, and multiple base stations and devices may exist. A base station may also be referred to as a BS (Base Station), gNB, or the like. The device 20 may be considered a form of terminal (UE: User Equipment) and may be an ambient IoT device, which is a device with lower complexity than an NB-IoT (Narrow Band Internet of Things) device. The ambient IoT device may also be referred to as an ambient IoT terminal, ambient IoT UE, or the like.

[0015] The base station 10 is a communication device that provides one or more cells and performs wireless communication with the device 20. The physical resources of a wireless signal are defined in the time domain and the frequency domain. The time domain may be defined by the number of Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) symbols. The frequency domain may be defined by the number of subcarriers or the number of resource blocks (RBs).

[0016] The base station 10 transmits DL signals such as control information, setting information, and data to the device 20 via DL (Downlink). The base station 10 receives UL signals such as control information, information related to the processing capability of the device 20 (device capability (information) or A-IoT capability (information); for example, capability, device capability, A-IoT capability, A-IoT device capability, etc.), and data from the device 20 via UP (Uplink).

[0017] Channels used for transmitting DL signals include, for example, data channels and control channels. For example, the data channel may include a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH), and the control channel may include a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH). For example, the base station 10 transmits control information to the device 20 using the PDCCH, and transmits DL data signals using the PDSCH. Note that the PDSCH is an example of a downlink shared channel or a data channel, and the PDCCH is an example of a downlink control channel. The PDCCH may be interpreted as downlink control information (DCI), control information, etc. transmitted in the PDCCH.

[0018] As will be described later, the wireless communication system may include intermediate nodes, assisting nodes, and / or terminals (UEs) (see <Device Types and Topologies> below). Note that, hereinafter, "and / or" may be written simply as " / ".

[0019] The device 20 is a communication device equipped with a wireless communication function, and may be an ambient IoT device (e.g., a sensor, etc.) as described above. Hereinafter, the ambient IoT device will also be referred to as an A-IoT UE.

[0020] The device 20 receives DL signals such as control signals, setting information, and data from the base station 10 via DL, and transmits UL signals such as control signals, capability information of the device 20, and data to the base station 10 via UL.

[0021] Channels used for transmitting UL signals include, for example, data channels and control channels. For example, the data channel may include a Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH), and the control channel may include a Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH). For example, device 20 transmits control information using the PUCCH and transmits UL data signals using the PUSCH. Note that the PUSCH is an example of an uplink shared channel or a data channel, and the PUCCH is an example of an uplink control channel. Note that the PUSCH or PUCCH may be interpreted as uplink control information (UCI), control information, etc. transmitted in the PUSCH or PUCCH.

[0022] <Ambient IoT> Rel-18 approved the study of ambient IoT (see, for example, Non-Patent Document 2), which is even lower-end than the existing NB-IoT (see, for example, Section 10 of Non-Patent Document 4). Ambient IoT targets ultra-low power consumption and ultra-low complexity devices.

[0023] Ambient IoT may consider, for example, the following deployment scenarios and characteristics for relevant use cases: Indoor or outdoor environment Base station type, e.g., macro / micro / pico cell-based deployment The connectivity topology, e.g., which nodes (e.g., base stations, terminals (UE), relays, and repeaters) communicate with the ambient IoT devices - Duplexing method: TDD or FDD, frequency band: licensed or unlicensed Coexistence with UE and network equipment in frequency bands for existing 3GPP technologies - Traffic assumptions for outgoing / incoming traffic from the device

[0024] Based on the above deployment scenarios and characteristics, for example, the following RAN design targets can be formulated: ·Power consumption Complexity ·coverage Data rate Positioning accuracy

[0025] Based on deployment scenarios appropriate for the relevant use cases, compare and evaluate the feasibility of meeting design targets and identify supporting features.

[0026] <Device type and topology> Based on the results of the study items, TR 38.848 (Non-Patent Document 3) was approved. TR 38.848 considers the following categories of ambient IoT devices: Device A: Device A has no power (energy) storage, no independent signal generation and amplification functions, and performs backscattering transmission. Device B: Device B has power storage, does not have the capability of independent signal generation, and performs backscatter transmission. Device B uses the stored power to amplify the reflected signal. Device C: Device C has power storage, is capable of independent signal generation, and has active RF (radio frequency) components for transmission.

[0027] The complexity of device A is assumed to be about the same as that of RFID (radio frequency identification).

[0028] TR 38.848 defines the following topologies 1 to 4 in an ambient IoT network.

[0029] Figure 2 is a diagram illustrating Topology 1. As shown in Figure 2, Topology 1 is a configuration in which a base station (BS) and an ambient IoT device communicate with each other. The ambient IoT device communicates directly with the base station in both directions.

[0030] Figure 3 is a diagram illustrating Topology 2. As shown in Figure 3, Topology 2 is a configuration in which a base station and an ambient IoT device communicate via an intermediate node. The ambient IoT device performs bidirectional communication with the intermediate node located between the base station and the ambient IoT device. The intermediate node may be, for example, a relay, an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) node, a UE, a repeater, etc.

[0031] Figure 4 is a diagram illustrating Topology 3 in DL assistance. As shown in Figure 4, Topology 3 is a configuration including communication between a base station and an assisting node, communication between the assisting node and an ambient IoT device, and communication between the ambient IoT device and a base station.

[0032] The support node supports DL communication. For example, as shown in Figure 4, the support node receives DL signals from the base station and transmits the received DL signals to the ambient IoT device. For UL communication, the ambient IoT device transmits UL signals directly to the base station.

[0033] Figure 5 is a diagram illustrating Topology 3 in UL support. As shown in Figure 5, Topology 3 is a configuration including communication between a base station and a support node, communication between a support node and an ambient IoT device, and communication between an ambient IoT device and a base station.

[0034] The support node supports UL communication. For example, as shown in Figure 5, the support node receives UL signals from the ambient IoT device and transmits the received UL signals to the base station. For DL ​​communication, the ambient IoT device receives DL signals directly from the base station.

[0035] The supporting nodes shown in Figures 4 and 5 may be, for example, relays, IAB nodes, UEs, repeaters, etc.

[0036] Figure 6 is a diagram illustrating Topology 4. Topology 4 is a configuration in which a UE and an ambient IoT device communicate with each other. The ambient IoT device performs bidirectional communication with the UE. The communication related to Topology 4 may be considered as sidelink (SL) communication.

[0037] In the above topologies 1 to 4, the ambient IoT device may be provided with a carrier wave from another node inside or outside the topology (see Section 4.2.1 of Non-Patent Document 3).

[0038] The wireless communication system 1 (wireless communication network) may include a base station, a support node, an intermediate node, and / or a terminal (UE of Topology 4) in addition to the device 20. In this specification, the base station, the support node, the intermediate node, and the terminal may be read as a network or a (network) node. Also, an A-IoT device may be simply referred to as A-IoT.

[0039] <Backscatter transmission> Base stations, intermediate nodes, support nodes, and other nodes transmit RF signals to ambient IoT devices, which are activated and obtain power from the RF operating fields from the base stations, intermediate nodes, support nodes, and other nodes via inductive coupling.

[0040] The ambient IoT device backscatters and modulates the RF signals received from the base station, intermediate node, support node, and other nodes by switching the reflection coefficient of the device's antenna, and transmits information to the base station, intermediate node, support node, and other nodes.

[0041] FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating backscatter transmission. FIG. 7 shows an example in which an ambient IoT device performs ON-OFF keying and transmits information. The dashed line area in FIG. 7 indicates an OFF section, which may correspond to the information (bit) "0." A sine wave signal may correspond to the information "1."

[0042] <Rel-19 SID> The Rel-19 SID (Study Item Description) examined solutions necessary and feasible for A-IoT (see Section 4.1 of Non-Patent Document 5). The examined solutions include, for example, determining which functions, procedures, etc. are necessary and which functions, procedures, etc. are not.

[0043] Additionally, for the DL and UL of A-IoT, several issues will be discussed under the leadership of RAN 1. One of the issues to be discussed is the scheduling and timing relationship between DL and UL in A-IoT. In discussing the scheduling and timing relationship, the following 1. traffic flow, 2. device assumptions, and 3. topology can be considered.

[0044] 1. Traffic Flow The following DT and DO-DTT are being considered as traffic flows for A-IoT.

[0045] DT (device terminated) As for traffic, there is transmission (DL) to the A-IoT UE, but there is no transmission (UL) from the A-IoT UE. In other words, there is information to be transmitted to the A-IoT UE, but there is no information to be transmitted from the A-IoT UE. DT corresponds to a command type, for example, in which there is an instruction such as a command to the A-IoT UE.

[0046] ·DO-DTT(device originated - device terminated triggered) Traffic includes triggers from the network (NW) and transmissions (UL) from the A-IoT UE. In other words, traffic includes information transmitted from the A-IoT UE. DO-DTT corresponds to, for example, a sensor information report type in which the A-IoT UE transmits sensor information collected by the A-IoT UE.

[0047] In this disclosure, transmitting information corresponds to transmitting a signal containing information or transmitting a signal. In this disclosure, transmitting to a certain device X corresponds to transmitting a signal (or information) to device X. In addition, transmitting from a certain device X and transmitting by a certain device X correspond to device X transmitting a signal (or information). In addition, receiving from a certain device X corresponds to receiving a signal (or information) transmitted by device X. In addition, receiving by a certain device X corresponds to device X receiving a signal (or information).

[0048] 2. Device Prerequisites For A-IoT UE, the following TX (transmission) and FR (frequency range) 1-FDD are assumed:

[0049] ·TX TX can be unamplified backscatter UL transmission, amplified backscatter UL transmission, or amplified general UL transmission.

[0050] FR1-FDD FR1-FDD is applied to the A-IoT UE, that is, the A-IoT UE can switch carrier frequencies between DL carriers and UL carriers. However, the present disclosure is not limited to FR1-FDD and may be applied to TDD, FR2, or FR3.

[0051] The frequency bands of each FR are, for example, as follows: FR1: 410MHz~7.125GHz FR2: 24.25GHz~52.6GHz FR3: 7.125GHz~24.25GHz

[0052] FR1 may use a sub-carrier spacing (SCS) of 15 kHz, 30 kHz, or 60 kHz, and may use a bandwidth (BW) of 5 to 100 MHz. FR2 is a higher frequency than FR1, and may use an SCS of 60 kHz or 120 kHz (240 kHz may be included), and may use a bandwidth (BW) of 50 to 400 MHz.

[0053] 3. Topology Among the topologies shown in FIGS. 2 to 6, attention is focused on Topology 1 and Topology 2.

[0054] In Topology 1, UL and / or DL ​​communication is performed between a base station and an A-IoT UE without passing through an intermediate node. Note that the base station in the case of Topology 1 may correspond to a microcell.

[0055] In Topology 2, communication is performed between a base station and an A-IoT UE via an intermediate node. The A-IoT UE performs bidirectional communication with the intermediate node located between the base station and the A-IoT UE. Note that the base station in Topology 2 may correspond to a macrocell. The Topology 2 case may also be applied to indoor cases. Hereinafter, the intermediate node will also be referred to as intermediate UE, int.UE (intermediate UE), etc.

[0056] <Device Type> Three device types are defined for A-IoT devices: Device 1, Device 2a, and Device 2b.

[0057] Device 1 (may also be referred to as Type 1) Device 1 is a device type that consumes a peak power of 1 μW or less. Device 1 has an energy storage and an initial sampling frequency offset (SFO) of up to Z ppm (parts per million), where Z is 10 to the power of x (x is an integer greater than or equal to 0). Device 1 does not have any amplification in either DL or UL. UL transmission in Device 1 is performed by backscattering an externally provided carrier wave (CW), i.e., an unmodulated wave.

[0058] Device 2a (also referred to as Type 2a) The device 2a is a device type that consumes a peak power of several hundred μW. The device 2a has an energy storage and an initial sampling frequency offset of up to Z [ppm] (Z is 10 to the power x (x is an integer equal to or greater than 0)). The device 2a also performs DL and / or UL amplification. The UL transmission in the device 2a is performed by backscattering in a CW provided from an external device.

[0059] Device 2b (also called Type 2b) Device 2b is a device type that consumes a peak power of several hundred μW. Device 2b has energy storage and an initial sampling frequency offset of up to Z [ppm] (Z is 10 to the power x (x is an integer equal to or greater than 0)). DL and / or UL amplification is performed in device 2b. UL transmission in device 2b is performed internally within device 2b. In other words, UL transmission in device 2b does not need to be performed by backscattering in CW provided from an external source.

[0060] <Candidate Topology> Next, we describe candidate topologies for CW / R2D / D2R transmission.

[0061] Fig. 8 is a diagram showing examples of candidate topologies for CW / R2D / D2R transmission in Topology 1. Fig. 8 shows Topology 1A, Topology 1B, Topology 1C, Topology 1D, and Topology 1E as examples of candidate topologies.

[0062] As shown in Figure 8, in topologies 1A to 1E, CW / R2D communication signals (sometimes referred to as "R2D" in Figure 8 and below) / D2R communication signals (sometimes referred to as "D2R" in Figure 8 and below) can be sent and received to A-IoT devices.

[0063] In this embodiment, DL and R2D (reader to device) may be interchangeable, and UL and D2R (device to reader) may be interchangeable, where reader corresponds to BS and / or intermediate UE, and device corresponds to A-IoT device.

[0064] In Topology 1A, the node (first BS) that transmits the CW is different from the node (second BS) that receives the D2R communication signal transmitted by the A-IoT device via backscattering, and the node that transmits the CW is the same as the node that transmits the R2D communication signal. Also, the node that transmits the R2D communication signal is different from the node that receives the D2R communication signal transmitted by the A-IoT device via backscattering. In other words, the R in R2D is different from the R in D2R.

[0065] In Topology 1B, the node (BS) that transmits the CW, the node that transmits the R2D communication signal, and the node that receives the D2R communication signal transmitted by the A-IoT device via backscattering are the same.

[0066] In Topology 1C, the node transmitting the CW (CW node) is different from the node transmitting the R2D communication signal (BS). Also, in Topology 1C, the node transmitting the CW is different from the node receiving the D2R communication signal transmitted by the A-IoT device via backscattering (BS). Also, in Topology 1C, the node transmitting the R2D communication signal is the same as the node receiving the D2R communication signal transmitted by the A-IoT device via backscattering (BS). In other words, the R in R2D and the R in D2R are the same. Note that the CW node may be a BS, (intermediate) UE, IAB node, NCR (network-controlled repeater) node, relay node, or other type of node.

[0067] In Topology 1D, the node (BS) that transmits the R2D communication signal is the same as the node that receives the D2R communication signal generated and transmitted by the A-IoT device. That is, R in R2D is the same as R in D2R.

[0068] In Topology 1E, the node (first BS) that transmits the R2D communication signal is different from the node (second BS) that receives the D2R communication signal generated and transmitted by the A-IoT device. In other words, R in R2D is different from R in D2R.

[0069] Fig. 9 is a diagram showing examples of candidate topologies for CW / R2D / D2R transmission in Topology 2. Fig. 9 shows Topology 2A, Topology 2B, Topology 2C, Topology 2D, and Topology 2E as examples of candidate topologies.

[0070] As shown in Figure 9, in topologies 2A to 2E, CW / R2D communication signals (denoted as "R2D" in Figure 9) / D2R communication signals (denoted as "D2R" in Figure 9) can be sent and received to A-IoT devices.

[0071] In Topology 2A, the node transmitting the CW (first intermediate UE) is different from the node receiving the D2R communication signal transmitted by the A-IoT device via backscattering (second intermediate UE), and the node transmitting the CW is the same as the node transmitting the R2D communication signal. Also, the node transmitting the R2D communication signal is different from the node receiving the D2R communication signal transmitted by the A-IoT device via backscattering. In other words, the R in R2D is different from the R in D2R.

[0072] In Topology 2B, the node that transmits the CW (intermediate UE), the node that transmits the R2D communication signal, and the node that receives the D2R communication signal transmitted by the A-IoT device via backscattering are the same.

[0073] In Topology 2C, the node transmitting the CW (CW node) is different from the node transmitting the R2D communication signal (intermediate UE). Also, in Topology 1C, the node transmitting the CW is different from the node receiving the D2R communication signal transmitted by the A-IoT device via backscattering (BS). Also, in Topology 1C, the node transmitting the R2D communication signal is the same as the node receiving the D2R communication signal transmitted by the A-IoT device via backscattering. In other words, the R in R2D and the R in D2R are the same. Note that the CW node may be a BS / (intermediate) UE / IAB node / NCR node / relay node / other type of node.

[0074] In Topology 2D, the node (intermediate UE) that transmits the R2D communication signal is the same as the node that receives the D2R communication signal generated and transmitted by the A-IoT device, i.e., R in R2D is the same as R in D2R.

[0075] In Topology 2E, the node (first intermediate UE) that transmits the R2D communication signal is different from the node (second intermediate UE) that receives the D2R communication signal generated and transmitted by the A-IoT device. That is, R in R2D is different from R in D2R.

[0076] In this embodiment, "R2D," "R2D signal," "R2D message," and "R2D message type" may be interchangeable. Also, in this embodiment, "D2R," "D2R signal," "D2R message," and "D2R message type" may be interchangeable.

[0077] R2D transmission corresponds to an operation in which a reader transmits a signal / channel / information / message to an A-IoT device (also simply referred to as a device), or a transmitted signal / channel / information / message. R2D reception may also correspond to an operation in which a device receives a signal / channel / information / message transmitted by a reader. Alternatively, R2D reception may correspond to a signal / channel / information / message transmitted by a reader and received by a device.

[0078] A CW transmission may correspond to a CW node / leader / intermediate UE transmitting a CW toward a device, or may correspond to a CW transmitted by a CW node / leader / intermediate UE.

[0079] A D2R transmission may correspond to a device sending a signal / channel / information / message to a reader. Alternatively, a D2R transmission may correspond to a signal / channel / information / message sent by a device and received by a reader. Note that a reader receiving a signal / channel / information / message from a device, or a received signal / channel / information / message, may be referred to as a "D2R reception."

[0080] "R2D control" corresponds to information / signals / channels related to control transmitted from a reader to a device. "R2D control" may be transmitted in the PRDCH or in a channel for R2D of a PHY different from the PRDCH (e.g., a channel dedicated to R2D control of a PHY).

[0081] "D2R control" corresponds to information / signals / channels related to control transmitted from a device to a reader. The "D2R control" may be transmitted in a PDRCH or in a PHY D2R channel different from the PDRCH (e.g., a PHY D2R control dedicated channel).

[0082] Among the topologies shown in Figs. 8 and 9, candidate topologies for CW transmission, R2D transmission, and D2R transmission will be described.

[0083] Topology 1A in Figure 8 may be referred to as "D1T1-A1." In Topology 1A in Figure 8, R2D and CW are transmitted by BS#1. Then, D2R backscattered by the A-IoT device is received by BS#2, which is different from the BS that transmitted the CW.

[0084] Topology 1B in Figure 8 may be referred to as "D1T1-A2." In Topology 1B in Figure 8, R2D and CW are transmitted by BS#1. Then, D2R backscattered by the A-IoT device is received by BS#1, the same BS that transmitted the CW.

[0085] Topology 1C in FIG. 8 may be referred to as "D1T1-B." In Topology 1C in FIG. 8, R2D is transmitted by BS#1. D2R backscattered by the A-IoT device is received by BS#1, the same BS that transmitted R2D. Then, CW is transmitted by a "CW node." Note that the "CW node" may be BS#2, which is different from BS#1, or may be a UE (e.g., an intermediate UE), or may be an IAB node, a network-controlled repeater (NCR) node, a relay node, or another type of node.

[0086] Topology 2A in Figure 9 may be referred to as "D2T2-A1." In Topology 2A in Figure 9, R2D and CW are transmitted by UE #1. Then, D2R backscattered by the A-IoT device is received by UE #2, which is different from the UE that transmitted the CW.

[0087] Topology 2B in Figure 9 may be referred to as "D2T2-A2." In Topology 2B in Figure 9, R2D and CW are transmitted by UE #1. Then, D2R backscattered by the A-IoT device is received by UE #1, the same UE that transmitted the CW.

[0088] Topology 2C in FIG. 9 may be referred to as "D2T2-B." In Topology 2C in FIG. 9, R2D is transmitted by UE#1. D2R (backscattered D2R) backscattered by the A-IoT device is received by UE#1, the same UE that transmitted R2D. Then, CW is transmitted by a "CW node." Note that the "CW node" may be UE#2, which is different from UE#1, a BS, an IAB node, a network-controlled repeater (NCR) node, a relay node, or another type of node.

[0089] <Terminology> Here, we will explain the terms used in relation to the A-IoT mentioned above.

[0090] A-IoT device or device: a device included in an A-IoT system, having any of the multiple device types as described above.

[0091] Reader: D2R receiver The leader can be either a BS or a UE. The leader UE can be called an intermediate UE. The R2D transmitter and D2R receiver may be the same node or different nodes.

[0092] ·R2D: Abbreviation for Reader-to-Device Link. PRDCH: Physical R2D channel. D2R: Abbreviation for Device-to-Reader Link. PDRCH: Physical D2R channel.

[0093] ·DT traffic: Abbreviation for Device Terminated traffic. DT traffic is, for example, traffic that sends commands from a reader to a device and terminates at the device.

[0094] · DO-DTT Traffic: Device Originated-Device Terminated Trigger · DO-DTT traffic is, for example, "inventory" traffic.

[0095] · DO-A Traffic: Device Originated Autonomous Traffic · DO-A traffic is, for example, traffic such as sensors and monitoring.

[0096] · The timing acquisition signal / preamble / midamble / postamble / synchronization signal can be replaced with each other.

[0097] <Example of Power Control> Hereinafter, the determination of the transmission power of the signal transmitted to the device will be described.

[0098] Note that in the present embodiment, R2D transmission may refer to the operation of transmitting an R2D signal or the R2D signal to be transmitted. Also, R2D may refer to the operation of transmitting an R2D signal, the R2D signal, or the R2D link. The R2D signal is an example of a signal transmitted from a wireless communication device (e.g., a reader, an intermediate UE) to a device.

[0099] Note that in the present embodiment, CW transmission may refer to the operation of transmitting CW or the CW to be transmitted. CW is an example of a signal transmitted from a wireless communication device (e.g., a reader, an intermediate UE, and a CW node) to a device.

[0100] <Example of Determination of R2D Transmission Power> In determining the power of R2D transmission, the intermediate UE determines the power of R2D transmission based on the maximum power that can be output by the intermediate UE, information about the link between the intermediate UE and wireless communication devices around the intermediate UE, information about wireless communication devices around the intermediate UE, information about signals transmitted by the intermediate UE, etc. Here, the intermediate UE and wireless communication devices around the intermediate UE will be described.

[0101] Fig. 10 is a diagram showing an example of the relationship between an intermediate UE and wireless communication devices around the intermediate UE. Fig. 10 shows the intermediate UE (in Fig. 10, "int.UE"), a device to which the intermediate UE transmits R2D, and coexistence BSs around the intermediate UE.

[0102] The coexisting BS may be a BS connected to the intermediate UE or may not be connected to the intermediate UE. The coexisting BS may coexist with at least a portion of the frequencies of R2D transmission or D2R reception in the intermediate UE. For example, the coexisting BS may coexist with at least a portion of the frequencies of CW transmission of the intermediate UE or the CW node. The frequencies used by the coexisting BS may overlap with at least a portion or all of the frequencies of R2D transmission, D2R reception, or CW transmission. Alternatively, the frequencies used by the coexisting BS may be affected by the frequencies of R2D transmission, D2R transmission, or CW transmission. The coexisting BS may be a BS that may be affected by interference from R2D transmission, D2R transmission, or CW transmission.

[0103] As shown in Figure 10, when an intermediate UE performs R2D transmission to a device, the coexisting BS may experience interference from the R2D transmission, so the power of the R2D transmission may take into account the interference to the coexisting BS.

[0104] The intermediate UE determines the power of the R2D transmission based on at least one or a combination of multiple parameters shown in (1a) to (1k) below.

[0105] (1a) Maximum power The maximum power parameter may be at least one of the following two ways: (1a-1) The maximum output power set by the intermediate UE (for example, the maximum output power applicable to the intermediate UE) (1a-2) Maximum output power provided by the network The parameter (1a-1) above is P CMAX The parameters in (1a-2) are expressed as P MAX The parameter (1a) may be the same as the parameter for the maximum power of UL transmission.

[0106] (1b) R2D transmission resources The parameters of the resource for R2D transmission may be at least one of the following two ways: (1b-1) Number of frequency resources / frequency resource blocks for R2D transmission (1b-2) Setting the subcarrier spacing (SCS) for R2D transmission The parameter (1b-1) above is M R2D RB The parameter in (1b-2) is sometimes expressed as μ.

[0107] (1c) The following parameters are used to consider the R2D reception power of A-IoT devices: (1c-1) Open-loop power control parameters provided by the network (1c-2) Path loss of R2D link (1c-3) A coefficient provided by the network that is multiplied by the path loss The parameter (1c-1) above is P O,R2D The parameters in (1c-2) are expressed as PL R2D The parameters in (1c-3) are expressed as follows: R2D It may be expressed as:

[0108] (1d) The following parameters are used to consider the interference reception power at coexisting BSs: (1d-1) Open loop power control parameters provided by the network (1d-2) UL link path loss (between intermediate UE and coexisting BS) (1d-3) A coefficient provided by the network that is multiplied by the path loss This parameter is for interference control at the BS when R2D is transmitted in the UL band. The parameter (1d-1) above is P O,UL The parameters of (1d-2) are expressed as PL UL The parameters of (1d-3) are expressed as follows: UL It may be expressed as:

[0109] (1e) Closed loop power adjustment provided by the network This parameter (1e) is sometimes referred to as CL.

[0110] (1f)MPR(max power reduction) / AMPR(Additional MPR) MPR is a power reduction value used to control the Adjacent Channel Leakage Power Ratio (ACLR) associated with the modulation scheme and transmission bandwidth. A-MPR is the Additional Maximum Power Reduction. A-MPR is band-specific and is applied when configured by the network.

[0111] (1g) Signal Type For example, the type of signal is at least one of a modulation scheme, a modulation order, a waveform, and a channel / signal type.

[0112] (1h) R2D cast type For example, the cast type is at least one of broadcast, groupcast, and unicast.

[0113] (1i) Path loss in DL Here, DL may be a link from a coexisting BS to an intermediate UE.

[0114] (1j) Power of CW transmission The parameter of this (1j) is represented by P CW Note that the method for determining P CW may be any of the methods shown in the example of determining the power of CW transmission described later.

[0115] (1k) Offset with respect to the maximum output power (1k) is an offset with respect to the above (1a). The parameter of this (1k) is represented by P offset Note that at least one of the above (1a) to (1k) may be defined in the specification or in the system.

[0116] Hereinafter, an example of a method for determining the transmission power of R2D transmission will be described.

[0117] <Example of the method for determining the transmission power of R2D transmission>

[0118] The intermediate UE determines the power P R2D of R2D transmission by at least one of the following methods of Example 1 to Example 6 of the method for determining the transmission power of R2D transmission.

[0119] · Example 1 In Example 1, the intermediate UE determines the power of R2D transmission considering R2D reception in the device. For example, the intermediate UE uses the parameter considering the R2D reception power shown in (1c), the parameter regarding the R2D transmission resource shown in (1b), and the parameter of the closed-loop power adjustment value shown in (1e) to determine the power of R2D transmission. For example, based on the following formula (1), the power of R2D transmission is determined.

Equation

[0120] · Example 2 In Example 2, the intermediate UE determines the R2D transmission power taking into account interference with the coexisting BS. For example, the intermediate UE determines the R2D transmission power using the parameter (1d) taking into account the interference reception power at the coexisting BS, the parameter (1b) related to the R2D transmission resource, and the parameter (1e) related to the closed-loop power adjustment value. For example, the R2D transmission power is determined based on the following equation (2).

number

[0121] Example 3 In Example 3, the intermediate UE determines one of the two R2D transmission powers determined in Examples 1 and 2 above and the maximum power parameter shown in (1a). For example, the R2D transmission power is determined based on the following equation (3).

number

[0122] Example 4 In Example 4, the intermediate UE determines the R2D transmission power from the two transmission powers determined in Examples 1 and 2 above and the maximum power parameter shown in (1a). For example, the R2D transmission power is determined based on the following equation (4).

number

[0123] Example 5 In Example 5, the intermediate UE determines the power of the R2D transmission using the maximum power parameter shown in (1a) and the offset for the maximum output power shown in (1k). For example, the power of the R2D transmission is determined based on the following equation (5) or (6).

number

number

[0124] Note that one or more parameters may be deleted from the above-described methods of determining the transmission power of R2D transmission according to Examples 1 to 5. For example, the following parameters, formulas, etc. may be deleted from the methods of determining the transmission power of R2D transmission according to Examples 1 to 5. - 2 μ -CL - α R2D PL R2D - α UL PL UL

[0125] Example 6 In Example 6, the intermediate UE transmits CW at power P CW R2D transmission power P R2D For example, the intermediate UE may determine the CW transmission power P CW R2D transmission power P R2D may be determined.

number

[0126] Note that in Example 6, the offset may be provided by the network, may be defined in a specification, may be defined by the system, or may be determined in some other way.

[0127] Although the values ​​determined by the methods of Examples 1 to 6 for determining the transmission power of R2D transmission described above are used as the power of R2D transmission, the present disclosure is not limited thereto. For example, the values ​​determined by the methods of Examples 1 to 6 may be set as the lower limit value of the R2D transmission power, or may be set as the upper limit value of the R2D transmission power. For example, the intermediate UE may set the P determined in Example 1 R2D,1 is set as the lower limit, and P determined in Example 2 R2D,2 In this case, the intermediate UE may set P R2D,1 Above, and PR2D,2 R2D transmission may be performed with the following transmission power.

[0128] <Example of Determination of CW Transmission Power> Here, an example of the determination of CW transmission power in the intermediate UE and / or CW node will be described. In the following, the intermediate UE and / or CW node is referred to as the intermediate UE / CW node. In the example of the determination of CW transmission power, the CW node and the intermediate UE may be mutually replaced. In the example of the determination of CW transmission power, the intermediate UE / CW node determines the CW transmission power based on the maximum power that can be output at the intermediate UE / CW node, information on the link between the intermediate UE / CW node and the wireless communication devices around the intermediate UE / CW node, information on the wireless communication devices around the intermediate UE / CW node, information on the signal transmitted by the intermediate UE / CW node, etc. Here, the intermediate UE / CW node and the wireless communication devices around the intermediate UE / CW node will be described.

[0129] FIG. 11 is a diagram showing an example of the relationship between a CW node and the wireless communication devices around the CW node. FIG. 11 shows Example 1 in which the CW node and the reader are different devices, and Example 2 in which the CW node and the reader are the same device. The fact that the CW node and the reader are the same device corresponds to the reader being able to perform CW transmission, or one device having the functions of both the reader and the CW node. A device having the functions of both the reader and the CW node may be described as a "CW node / reader".

[0130] In Example 1 of FIG. 11 , CW2D is a link from the CW node to the device, D2R is a link from the device to the reader, and CW2R is a link from the CW node to the reader. In Example 1, when the CW node transmits CW signals to the device, the coexisting BS and / or the reader may experience interference from the CW transmission. Therefore, the power of the CW transmission may take into account interference to the coexisting BS and / or the reader. Also, in Example 1, the quality of signal transmission from the device to the reader depends on both the D2R and CW2D links. Therefore, the power of the CW transmission may take into account both the D2R and CW2D links.

[0131] In Example 2 of FIG. 11 , CW2D is a link from the CW node / reader to the device, D2R is a link from the device to the CW node / reader, and CW2R is a link from the CW node / reader to the CW node / reader. In Example 2, when the CW node / reader transmits CW signals to the device, the coexisting BS and / or the CW node / reader may experience interference from the CW transmission. Therefore, the power of the CW transmission may take into account interference to the coexisting BS and interference to the CW node / reader. Also, in Example 2, the quality of signal transmission from the device to the reader depends on both the D2R and CW2D links. Therefore, the power of the CW transmission may take into account both the D2R and CW2D links.

[0132] In an example of determining the power of a CW transmission, the intermediate UE / CW node determines the power of a CW transmission based on at least one or a combination of the following parameters (2a) to (2k):

[0133] (2a) Maximum power The maximum power parameter may be at least one of the following two ways: (2a-1) Configured maximum output power set by the UE (for example, it may be the maximum output power applicable to an intermediate UE / CW node). (2a-2) Maximum output power provided by the network The parameter (2a-1) above is P CMAX The parameters in (2a-2) are expressed as P MAX The parameter (2a) may be the same as the parameter (1a) described above. The parameter (2a) may also be the same as the parameter for the maximum power of UL transmission.

[0134] (2b) The following parameters are used to consider the D2R reception power at the reader: (2b-1) Open-loop power control parameters provided by the network (2b-2) Path loss of CW2D link (2b-3) Path loss of D2R link (2b-4) A coefficient provided by the network that is multiplied by the path loss of the CW2D link (2b-5) A coefficient provided by the network that is multiplied by the path loss of the D2R link. The parameter (2b-1) above is P O,D2R The parameters in (2b-2) are expressed as PL CW2D The parameters in (2b-3) are expressed as PL D2R The parameters in (2b-4) are expressed as α CW2D The parameters in (2b-5) are expressed as α D2R It may be expressed as:

[0135] (2c) The following parameters are used to consider the CW interference reception power at the reader: (2c-1) Open-loop power control parameters provided by the network (2c-2) Path loss of the CW2R link (between the CW node and the leader) (2c-3) A coefficient provided by the network that is multiplied by the path loss of the CW2R link The parameter (2c-1) above is P O,CW2R The parameters of (2c-2) are expressed as PL CW2R The parameters in (2c-3) are expressed as αCW2R It may be expressed as:

[0136] (2d) The following parameters are taken into account for the interference reception power at coexisting BSs: Open-loop power control parameters provided by the (2d-1) network (2d-2) UL link path loss (between CW node and BS) (2d-3) A coefficient provided by the network that is multiplied by the path loss The parameters in (2d-1) above are P O,UL The parameters of (2d-2) are expressed as PL UL The parameters of (2d-3) are expressed as follows: UL It may be expressed as:

[0137] (2e) Closed-loop power adjustment provided by the network This parameter (2e) is sometimes referred to as CL.

[0138] (2f) CW transmission resources For example, the resource of a CW transmission may be the number of frequency resources and / or the tones of a CW transmission. R2D tоne It may be expressed as:

[0139] (2g)MPR(max power reduction) / AMPR(Additional MPR) MPR is a power reduction value used to control the Adjacent Channel Leakage Power Ratio (ACLR) associated with the modulation scheme and transmission bandwidth. A-MPR is the Additional Maximum Power Reduction. A-MPR is band-specific and is applied when configured by the network.

[0140] (2h) Signal Type For example, the type of signal is a waveform.

[0141] (2i) Path loss in DL Here, DL may be a link from a coexisting BS to an intermediate UE / CW node, or may be a link from a BS different from the coexisting BS to the intermediate UE / CW node.

[0142] (2j) Power of R2D transmission The parameter of this (2j) is P R2D and is described as such. Note that the method for determining P R2D may be any of the methods shown in the examples of determining the power of R2D transmission described above.

[0143] (2k) Offset with respect to the maximum output power (2k) is an offset with respect to the above (2a). The parameter of this (2k) is represented as P offset and is represented as such.

[0144] Note that at least one of the above (2a) to (2k) may be defined in the specification or may be defined in the system.

[0145] Hereinafter, an example of a method for determining the transmission power of CW transmission will be described.

[0146] <Example of method for determining transmission power of CW transmission> The intermediate UE / CW node determines the power P CW of CW transmission by at least one of the following Examples 1 to 6 of the method for determining the transmission power of CW transmission.

[0147] · Example 1 In Example 1, the intermediate UE / CW node determines the CW transmission power taking into account D2R reception at the leader. To take D2R reception at the leader into account, in Example 1, parameters of both the CW2D and D2R links (e.g., path loss) are taken into account. The intermediate UE / CW node determines the CW transmission power using a parameter taking into account the D2R reception power shown in (2b), a parameter related to the CW transmission resource shown in (2f), and a parameter for the closed-loop power adjustment value shown in (2e). For example, the CW transmission power is determined based on the following equation (8):

number

[0148] As a variation of Example 1, PL CW2D and PL D2R and may be combined into one parameter. For example, the power of the CW transmission may be determined based on the following equation (9):

number

[0149] Example 2 In Example 2, the intermediate UE / CW node determines the CW transmission power taking into account interference to the leader. For example, the intermediate UE / CW node determines the CW transmission power using a parameter that takes into account the CW interference reception power shown in (2c), a parameter related to the CW transmission resource shown in (2f), and a parameter of the closed-loop power adjustment value shown in (2e). For example, the CW transmission power is determined based on the following equation (10).

number

[0150] Example 3 In Example 3, the intermediate UE / CW node determines the CW transmission power taking into consideration interference with coexisting BSs. For example, the intermediate UE / CW node determines the CW transmission power using a parameter taking into consideration the interference reception power at the coexisting BS shown in (2d), a parameter related to the CW transmission resource shown in (2f), and a parameter of the closed-loop power adjustment value shown in (2e). For example, the CW transmission power is determined based on the following equation (11).

number

[0151] Example 4 In Example 4, the intermediate UE / CW node determines one of the three CW transmission powers determined in Examples 1, 2, and 3 above and the maximum power parameter shown in (2a). For example, the CW transmission power is determined based on the following equation (12).

number

[0152] Example 5 In Example 5, the intermediate UE / CW node determines the CW transmission power from among the three CW transmission powers determined in Examples 1, 2, and 3 above and the maximum power parameter shown in (2a). For example, the CW transmission power is determined based on the following equation (13).

number

[0153] Example 6 In Example 6, the intermediate UE / CW node determines the power of CW transmission using the maximum power parameter shown in (2a) and the offset to the maximum output power shown in (2k). For example, the power of CW transmission is determined based on the following equation (14) or (15).

number

number

[0154] Note that one or more parameters may be deleted from the above-described methods of determining the transmission power of CW transmission according to Examples 1 to 6. For example, the following parameters, formulas, etc. may be deleted from the methods of determining the transmission power of CW transmission according to Examples 1 to 6. -M R2D tоne -CL - α CW2D PL CW2D - α D2R PL D2R - α CW2R PL CW2R - α UL PL UL

[0155] Example 7 In Example 7, the intermediate UE / CW node sets the power P R2D Based on this, the CW transmission power P CW For example, the intermediate UE may determine the power of the CW transmission relative to the power of the R2D transmission based on the following equation (16):

number

[0156] Note that in Example 7, the offset may be provided by the network, defined in a specification, defined by the system, or determined in some other way.

[0157] Although the above-described examples have been shown in which the value determined by the methods of Examples 1 to 7 for determining the transmission power of CW transmission is the power of CW transmission, the present disclosure is not limited to this. For example, the value determined by the methods of Examples 1 to 7 may be set as the lower limit value of the CW transmission power, or may be set as the upper limit value of the CW transmission power. For example, the intermediate UE may set the P determined in Example 2 toCW,1 is set as the lower limit, and P determined in Example 2 CW,2 In this case, the intermediate UE / CW node may set P CW,1 Above, and P CW,2 CW transmission may be performed at the following transmission power:

[0158] <Considerations> Regarding power control of transmit power as described above, the power of the R2D transmissions of intermediate UEs needs to be controlled by the network, and the power of the CW transmissions of intermediate UEs / CW nodes needs to be controlled by the network.

[0159] For the power control parameters of the intermediate UE's R2D transmission, the intermediate UE's CW transmission, and the CW node's CW transmission, different values ​​are needed for transmissions to different A-IoT devices due to at least one of the following reasons: Different types of A-IoT devices have different receiver sensitivities. The amplification capabilities of R2D / D2R vary depending on the type of A-IoT device. Distance between A-IoT device and intermediate UE / CW node Distance between intermediate UE / CW nodes and surrounding wireless communication devices

[0160] For example, if the power control parameters are fixed despite the receiver sensitivity and / or amplification capabilities differing depending on the type of A-IoT device, the determined transmit power will also be fixed, which may result in failure to receive signals transmitted at that transmit power, depending on the type of A-IoT device.Furthermore, if the power control parameters are fixed despite the distance between devices being different, the determined transmit power will also be fixed, which may result in increased interference between devices or failure to receive signals transmitted at that transmit power.

[0161] Therefore, in this embodiment, a method for determining appropriate power control parameters and appropriately controlling transmission power will be described.

[0162] The present disclosure applies to the following: R2D intermediate UE transmissions including at least one of PRDCH, L1 (layer 1) R2D control, R2D data, and R2D synchronization signals Intermediate UE CW transmission CW transmission of CW node

[0163] <Premise> As shown in the power control examples above, the intermediate UE / CW node determines the R2D transmit power / CW transmit power using one or more power control parameters. For example, the following are examples of power control parameters: Maximum output power (also referred to as maximum power) Open-loop power control parameters Path loss of at least one of the R2D link, UL, DL, CW2D link, CW2R link, and D2R link ·Coefficient multiplied by path loss Closed loop power adjustment value Offset for maximum output power Offset for R2D transmission power Offset for CW transmit power Other parameters

[0164] The power control parameters in the following description correspond to at least one or more of the above.

[0165] At least one of these power control parameters may be provided by the network, defined by a specification, defined by the system, or reported by the UE as a capability.

[0166] At least one of these power control parameters may be provided / defined / reported separately for each of the R2D transmission and the CW transmission. Alternatively, at least one of these power control parameters may be provided / defined / reported as a common parameter between the R2D transmission and the CW transmission. Alternatively, at least one of these power control parameters may be shared with the UL transmission in the communication. For example, at least one of the power control parameters may be common between the UL transmission and the R2D transmission, or may be common between the UL transmission and the CW transmission.

[0167] <Proposal> In this proposal, multiple candidate values ​​of the power control parameter are provided to the intermediate UE / CW node, or in this proposal, multiple candidate values ​​of the power control parameter are defined by the specification, or in this proposal, multiple candidate values ​​of the power control parameter are defined by the system.

[0168] The intermediate UE / CW node decides which of the candidate values ​​of the power control parameters to apply for the R2D / CW transmission according to at least one of the following options:

[0169] <Option a> In option a, the intermediate UE / CW node decides which candidate values ​​of the power control parameters to apply to the R2D / CW transmission based on information related to the A-IoT device to which the R2D transmission is to be sent and / or information related to the A-IoT device to which the CW transmission is to be sent. "Destination" may be replaced with "destination".

[0170] Illustratively, in option a, the information used to determine the power control parameters includes at least one of the following items: Cast type of R2D transmission / CW transmission (e.g., broadcast, multicast, or unicast) Identification (ID) associated with the destination A-IoT device (e.g., device ID or device group ID) The device type of the destination A-IoT device (e.g., Type 1, Type 2a, or Type 2b) - Capability of the destination A-IoT device Energy state of the destination A-IoT device Proximity of A-IoT devices

[0171] Among the information used to determine the above power control parameters, the "capability of the destination A-IoT device" indicates, for example, at least one of the receiver sensitivity, the A-IoT device's R2D / D2R amplification capability, whether amplification is supported, and the supported amplification gain.

[0172] Of the information used to determine the above power control parameters, the "proximity of the A-IoT device" indicates, for example, at least one of the following: Whether the A-IoT device is close to the intermediate UE / CW node (whether the distance between the A-IoT device and the intermediate UE / CW node is below a threshold) Whether the intermediate UE / CW node successfully received the D2R Whether the intermediate UE / CW node failed to receive the D2R Whether the intermediate UE / CW node successfully received the most recent D2R Whether the intermediate UE / CW node failed to receive the most recent D2R Measurement results at intermediate UE / CW nodes

[0173] The method shown in option a above allows the power control parameters to be determined from among the candidate values ​​based on information related to the determination of the power control parameters, thereby determining appropriate power control parameters and performing appropriate power control.

[0174] In option a, there may be an association between the candidate values ​​of the power control parameters and the information used to determine the power control parameters, and the power control parameters to be applied may be determined from the candidate values ​​of the power control parameters based on the association. For example, there may be an association between the above-mentioned "proximity of the A-IoT device" and candidate values ​​X and Y of a certain power control parameter. In this case, the proximity of the A-IoT device to the intermediate UE / CW node may be associated with candidate value X among the candidate values, and the lack of proximity of the A-IoT device to the intermediate UE / CW node may be associated with candidate value Y among the candidate values. Then, when the A-IoT device is close to the intermediate UE / CW node, candidate value X is applied as the power control parameter, and when the A-IoT device is not close to the intermediate UE / CW node, candidate value Y is applied as the power control parameter.

[0175] <Option a'> Option a' is a variation of Option a. Option a' shows a variation on the relationship between the candidate values ​​of the power control parameters and the information used to determine the power control parameters shown in Option a above.

[0176] In option a', the relevance information may be provided by the network, defined in the specification, or defined in the system, for example, the relevance information may be changed by the network.

[0177] <Option b> In option b, the intermediate UE / CW node determines which candidate values ​​of the power control parameters to apply to the R2D / CW transmissions based on an explicit indication. The explicit indication may be from the network (e.g., gNB or BS). The explicit indication may also indicate which candidate values ​​to apply. The explicit indication may be per device or per device group. The explicit indication is performed by at least one of RRC, MAC CE, and DCI signaling.

[0178] The method of instruction is not particularly limited. For example, an index is instructed by the network. For example, if there are eight candidate values ​​for a certain power control parameter and the eight candidate values ​​are assigned indices of 0 to 7, the network determines one candidate value to be applied by the intermediate UE / CW node and instructs the intermediate UE / CW node on the index assigned to the determined candidate value.

[0179] As a variation of option b, one index or multiple indexes may be indicated by the network in one signaling. In this case, one index corresponds to one resource for R2D transmission / CW transmission. The resource here may be a time domain resource and / or a frequency domain resource.

[0180] As a variation of option b, when multiple indexes are indicated by the network in one signaling, one of the multiple indexes is applied to one corresponding to the resource for R2D transmission / CW transmission. For example, when different power control parameters are applied to each of multiple R2D transmission / CW transmission resources, an index for each R2D transmission / CW transmission resource is indicated. In this case, the R2D transmission / CW transmission resource to which each of the multiple indexes is applied may be different.

[0181] The method shown in option b above allows the power control parameters to be determined from among the candidate values ​​based on explicit instructions, which are information related to the determination of the power control parameters, so that appropriate power control parameters can be determined and power control can be performed appropriately.

[0182] In option b, there may be an association between the candidate values ​​of the power control parameters and the indexes, and the power control parameter to be applied may be determined from the candidate values ​​of the power control parameters based on the association. For example, there may be an association between two indexes and candidate values ​​X and Y of a certain power control parameter. For example, index "0" may be associated with candidate value X among the candidate values, and index "1" may be associated with candidate value Y among the candidate values. When index "0" is specified, candidate value X is applied as the power control parameter, and when index "1" is specified, candidate value Y is applied as the power control parameter.

[0183] Note that, in option b, an example has been given in which the explicit instruction is an index, but the present disclosure is not limited to this. For example, the explicit instruction may directly indicate the candidate value to be applied. Alternatively, the explicit instruction may be an index offset relative to the previously indicated index. Alternatively, the explicit instruction may be an offset relative to the previously applied candidate value.

[0184] <option b'> Option b' is a variation of option b, which shows variations in the association between the candidate values ​​of the power control parameters and the indexes shown above.

[0185] In option b', the relevance information may be provided by the network, defined in the specification, or defined in the system, for example, the relevance information may be changed by the network.

[0186] As a variation of option b', one index may map to one power control parameter, or one index may map to a set of power control parameters.

[0187] For example, index=i may be mapped to power control parameter x=a.

[0188] Alternatively, index=i may be mapped to power control parameter x=a and power control parameter y=b, in which case one index indicates multiple power control parameters.

[0189] In the above-described embodiment, the intermediate UE / CW node determines the transmission power of a signal (e.g., R2D, CW) to be transmitted to the device based on parameters determined from among multiple candidates, and transmits the signal to the device based on the determined transmission power.

[0190] At least one of the following may be applied to each proposal in this embodiment, and to each alternative / option if each proposal includes an alternative / option. Multiple proposals may be combined. Multiple options may be combined. Multiple alternatives may be combined. Different options / alternatives may be applied on a case-by-case basis. The instruction / configuration may be transmitted in physical layer control information or in a higher layer payload, for example, in at least one of MAC layer control information, Msg0 (paging), Msg2 (RAR), Msg4, and unicast. The instruction by the R2D may be transmitted in control information of the physical layer or in the payload of a higher layer. For example, the instruction by the R2D may be transmitted in at least one of control information of the MAC layer, Msg0 (paging), Msg2 (RAR), Msg4, and unicast. The instruction / setting may be transmitted by the PRDCH, by an R2D timing acquisition signal (e.g., preamble / midamble / postamble), or by a synchronization signal. A slot may be a time interval of 1 millisecond. A slot may be one slot in Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM). A slot may be a slotted-ALOHA slot. A slot may be any other time domain unit consisting of one or more symbols. A symbol may be one OFDM symbol, M chips (M is an integer greater than or equal to 1) of on-off-keying (OOK), or one modulation symbol of phase shift keying (PSK) and / or frequency shift keying (FSK). · Different alternatives / options may apply to R2D and D2R. Different alternatives / options may apply to different device types. · Different alternatives / options may be applied to different connection topologies. Different alternatives / options may be applied to different R2D channels or D2R channels. The R2D channel may be, for example, either a PRDCH or a PHY channel for R2D control. The D2R channel may be either a PDRCH or a PHY channel for D2R control. Different alternatives / options may be applied to different R2D information or different D2R information. Also, different alternatives / options may be applied to different R2D formats or different D2R formats. Also, different alternatives / options may be applied to different R2D commands or different D2R commands. For example, different alternatives / options may be applied to any of the following. In other words, the alternatives / options applied may differ between two of the following: -R2D Data -R2D control -R2D System Information -R2D information triggering contention based access -D2R data -D2R control -D2R ACK / NACK response -D2R response in contention-based access (Msg1 / Msg3)

[0191] ACK / NACK related notes The ACK / NACK feedback corresponding to the R2D may be 1-bit information. Alternatively, the ACK / NACK feedback corresponding to the R2D may be a sequence-based signal. For example, sequence A represents an ACK and sequence B represents a NACK.

[0192] "ACK" and "NACK" may mean the following, respectively: An ACK may mean that the R2D message was successfully received, or that the R2D message was successfully decoded, or that the device operation corresponding to the R2D message was successfully completed. A NACK may mean a failure to receive the R2D message, a failure to decode the R2D message, or an ACK may mean a failure of the device to perform the corresponding R2D message.

[0193] The ACK / NACK feedback may be transmitted via PHY layer signaling or via higher layer signaling.

[0194] The device may report the supportability of each of the above-mentioned proposals and each option of each proposal to a network (e.g., a base station) as capability information. The network may configure / instruct the device based on the report of the capability information from the device.

[0195] In the following, notifications / indications may be carried in the physical (PHY) layer / MAC (Medium Access Control) layer / RRC (Radio Resource Control) layer / a new layer defined for A-IoT.

[0196] In the present disclosure, A / B may mean at least one of A and B. In the present disclosure, "A / B / C" may mean "at least one of A, B, and C."

[0197] In the present disclosure, higher layer signaling may be, for example, any one of Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling, Medium Access Control (MAC) signaling, broadcast information, and the like, or a combination thereof.

[0198] The MAC signaling may use, for example, a MAC Control Element (MAC CE), a MAC Protocol Data Unit (PDU), etc. The broadcast information may be, for example, a Master Information Block (MIB), a System Information Block (SIB), Remaining Minimum System Information (RMSI), Other System Information (OSI), etc.

[0199] The physical layer signaling may be, for example, downlink control information (DCI).

[0200] <Device configuration> Next, the configurations of the base station 10 and the device 20 will be described. Note that the configurations of the base station 10 and the device 20 described below are examples of functions related to the present embodiment. The base station 10 and the device 20 may have functions not shown. Furthermore, the functional divisions and / or names of the functional units are not limited as long as the functions perform the operations related to the present embodiment.

[0201] <Base station configuration> 12 is a block diagram showing an example of the configuration of a base station 10 according to an embodiment. The base station 10 includes, for example, a transmitting unit 101, a receiving unit 102, and a control unit 103. The base station 10 communicates with a device 20 (see FIG. 13) wirelessly. The base station 10 may be a terminal (an intermediate UE communicating with the device 20) or a CW node.

[0202] The transmitter 101 transmits a downlink (DL) signal to the device 20. For example, the transmitter 101 transmits the DL signal under the control of the controller 103.

[0203] The DL signal may include, for example, a downlink data signal and control information (e.g., DCI (Downlink Control Information)). The DL signal may also include information indicating scheduling related to signal transmission of the device 20 (e.g., an UL grant). The DL signal may also include control information of higher layers (e.g., control information of RRC (Radio Resource Control)). The DL signal may also include a reference signal.

[0204] The channels used for transmitting DL signals include, for example, a data channel and a control channel. For example, the data channel may include a PDSCH (Physical Downlink Shared Channel), and the control channel may include a PDCCH (Physical Downlink Control Channel). For example, the base station 10 transmits control information to the device 20 using the PDCCH and transmits downlink data signals using the PDSCH.

[0205] The reference signals included in the DL signal may include at least one of, for example, a Demodulation Reference Signal (DMRS), a Phase Tracking Reference Signal (PTRS), a Channel State Information-Reference Signal (CSI-RS), a Sounding Reference Signal (SRS), and a Positioning Reference Signal (PRS) for position information. For example, reference signals such as the DMRS and PTRS are used for demodulating downlink data signals and are transmitted using the PDSCH.

[0206] The receiving unit 102 receives an uplink (UL) signal transmitted from the device 20. For example, the receiving unit 102 receives the UL signal under the control of the control unit 103.

[0207] The control unit 103 controls the communication operations of the base station 10, including the transmission processing of the transmission unit 101 and the reception processing of the reception unit 102. For example, the control unit 103 performs operations other than the transmission and reception described in the above embodiment (note that these operations may be performed by the reception unit 102 and / or the transmission unit 101).

[0208] For example, the control unit 103 acquires information such as data and control information from the upper layer and outputs it to the transmitting unit 101. The control unit 103 also outputs the data, control information, etc. received from the receiving unit 102 to the upper layer.

[0209] For example, the control unit 103 allocates resources (or channels) used for transmitting and receiving DL signals and / or resources used for transmitting and receiving UL signals based on a signal (e.g., data and control information, etc.) received from the device 20 and / or data and control information, etc. acquired from a higher layer. Information on the allocated resources may be included in control information transmitted to the device 20.

[0210] The control unit 103 configures PUCCH resources as an example of allocation of resources used for transmitting and receiving UL signals. Information related to PUCCH configuration such as a PUCCH cell timing pattern (PUCCH configuration information) may be notified to the device 20 by RRC.

[0211] Here, the transmitting unit 101 and the receiving unit 102 (which may be collectively referred to as a communication unit) communicate with the device 20.

[0212] When communication is performed between the base station 10 and the device 20, the transmitter 101 may transmit R2D or CW to the device 20. The receiver 102 may receive D2R from the device 20. The controller 103 controls transmission of R2D and CW in the transmitter 101, and reception of D2R in the receiver 102. The transmission control may include control of transmission power, setting of transmission resources (e.g., transmission time, transmission frequency), transmission signal processing (e.g., encoding, modulation, up-conversion), etc. The reception control may include control of reception power, setting of reception resources (reception time, reception frequency), reception signal processing (e.g., decoding, demodulation, down-conversion), etc. When communication is performed between the base station 10 and the device 20, the base station 10 may be a terminal (an intermediate UE communicating with the device 20) or a CW node.

[0213] For example, base station 10 (an example of a wireless communication device) corresponds to an intermediate UE / CW node that transmits a signal to device 20. Control unit 103 of base station 10 determines the transmission power of the signal to be transmitted to device 20 based on a parameter determined from among a plurality of candidates. Transmitting unit 101 transmits the signal to device 20 based on the transmission power. Note that the signal here may be R2D or CW.

[0214] <Device configuration> FIG. 13 is a block diagram showing an example of a configuration of a device 20 according to an embodiment. The device 20 is a device with lower complexity than a Narrow Band-Internet of Things (NB-IoT) device, and is, for example, an A-IoT UE. The device 20 may be considered to be a device that receives power through energy harvesting. For example, the device 20 may be considered to be a device that receives power through CW supplied from the base station 10. The device 20 includes, for example, a receiving unit 201, a transmitting unit 202, and a control unit 203. The device 20 communicates with the base station 10 wirelessly, for example. The device 20 may be a terminal (for example, an intermediate UE) or a CW node.

[0215] The receiving unit 201 receives a DL signal transmitted from the base station 10. For example, the receiving unit 201 receives the DL signal under the control of the control unit 203.

[0216] The transmitter 202 transmits the UL signal to the base station 10. For example, the transmitter 202 transmits the UL signal under the control of the controller 203.

[0217] The UL signal may include, for example, an uplink data signal and control information (e.g., UCI (Uplink Control Information)). For example, information related to the processing capability of the device 20 (e.g., A-IoT capability) may be included. The UL signal may also include a reference signal.

[0218] The channels used for transmitting UL signals include, for example, a data channel and a control channel. For example, the data channel may include a PUSCH (Physical Uplink Shared Channel), and the control channel may include a PUCCH (Physical Uplink Control Channel). For example, the device 20 transmits control information from the base station 10 using the PUCCH and transmits uplink data signals using the PUSCH.

[0219] The reference signals included in the UL signal may include, for example, at least one of DMRS, PTRS, CSI-RS, SRS, and PRS. For example, the reference signals such as DMRS and PTRS are used for demodulating the uplink data signal and are transmitted using an uplink channel (for example, PUSCH).

[0220] The control unit 203 controls communication operations of the device 20, including reception processing in the receiving unit 201 and transmission processing in the transmitting unit 202. For example, the control unit 203 performs operations other than the transmission and reception described in the above embodiment (note that these operations may be performed by the receiving unit 201 and / or the transmitting unit 202).

[0221] For example, the control unit 203 acquires information such as data and control information from a higher layer and outputs it to the transmitting unit 202. Also, the control unit 203 outputs, for example, the data and control information received from the receiving unit 201 to the higher layer.

[0222] For example, the control unit 203 controls transmission of information to be fed back to the base station 10. The information to be fed back to the base station 10 may include, for example, HARQ ACK / NACK, may include Channel State Information (CSI), or may include a Scheduling Request (SR). The information to be fed back to the base station 10 may be included in UCI. The UCI is transmitted, for example, in PUCCH resources.

[0223] Control unit 203 configures PUCCH resources based on configuration information (for example, configuration information such as a PUCCH cell timing pattern and / or DCI notified by RRC) received from base station 10. Control unit 203 determines PUCCH resources to be used for transmitting information to be fed back to base station 10. Under the control of control unit 203, transmission unit 202 transmits the information to be fed back to base station 10 in the PUCCH resources determined by control unit 203.

[0224] Note that the channel used for transmitting the DL signal and the channel used for transmitting the UL signal are not limited to the above-mentioned examples. For example, the channel used for transmitting the DL signal and the channel used for transmitting the UL signal may include a Random Access Channel (RACH) and a Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH). The RACH may be used to transmit DCI including a Random Access Radio Network Temporary Identifier (RA-RNTI), for example.

[0225] Here, the receiving unit 201 and the transmitting unit 202 (which may be collectively referred to as a communication unit) communicate with the network, such as the base station 10 and intermediate UE.

[0226] When communication is performed between the base station 10 and the device 20, the receiver 201 may receive an R2D transmitted by the base station 10. The transmitter 202 may transmit a D2R to the base station 10. Depending on the type of the device 20, the receiver 201 may acquire a CW transmitted by the base station 10, and the transmitter 202 may transmit a D2R to the base station 10 based on the CW. The controller 203 performs reception control of the receiver 201 receiving the R2D and acquiring the CW, and transmission control of the transmitter 202 transmitting the D2R. The transmission control may include control of transmission power, setting of transmission resources (e.g., transmission time, transmission frequency), transmission signal processing (e.g., encoding, modulation, upconversion), etc. The reception control may include control of reception power, setting of reception resources (reception time, reception frequency), reception signal processing (e.g., decoding, demodulation, downconversion), etc. The transmission control may also include control of backscattering based on the CW.

[0227] The present disclosure has been described above. Note that the division of items in the above description is not essential to the present disclosure, and items described in two or more items may be used in combination as needed, and items described in one item may be applied to items described in another item (unless they are inconsistent).

[0228] <Hardware configuration, etc.> The block diagrams used to explain the above embodiments show functional blocks. These functional blocks (components) are realized by any combination of hardware and / or software. Furthermore, the method for realizing each functional block is not particularly limited. That is, each functional block may be realized using a single device that is physically or logically coupled, or may be realized using two or more physically or logically separated devices that are connected directly or indirectly (for example, by wire, wirelessly, etc.) and these multiple devices. The functional block may also be realized by combining the single device or the multiple devices with software.

[0229] Functions include, but are not limited to, judgment, determination, judgment, calculation, computation, processing, derivation, investigation, search, confirmation, reception, transmission, output, access, resolution, selection, election, establishment, comparison, assumption, expectation, consideration, broadcasting, notifying, communicating, forwarding, configuring, reconfiguring, allocation, mapping, and assignment. For example, a functional block (component) that performs transmission is called a transmitting unit or transmitter. As mentioned above, there are no particular limitations on how these functions are implemented.

[0230] For example, a base station, a device, etc. according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may function as a computer that performs processing of the wireless communication method of the present disclosure. Fig. 14 is a diagram showing an example of the hardware configuration of a base station and a device according to the embodiment. The above-described base station 10 and device 20 may be physically configured as a computer including a processor 1001, a memory 1002, a storage 1003, a communication device 1004, an input device 1005, an output device 1006, a bus 1007, etc.

[0231] In the following description, the term "apparatus" can be interpreted as a circuit, a device, a unit, etc. The hardware configuration of the base station 10 and the device 20 may be configured to include one or more of the apparatuses shown in the drawings, or may be configured to exclude some of the apparatuses.

[0232] Each function in the base station 10 and the device 20 is realized by loading predetermined software (programs) onto hardware such as the processor 1001 and the memory 1002, causing the processor 1001 to perform calculations, control communication by the communication device 1004, and control at least one of reading and writing data in the memory 1002 and the storage 1003.

[0233] The processor 1001 controls the entire computer by running, for example, an operating system. The processor 1001 may be configured by a central processing unit (CPU) including an interface with peripheral devices, a control device, an arithmetic unit, a register, etc. For example, the above-mentioned control unit 103 and control unit 203 may be realized by the processor 1001.

[0234] Furthermore, the processor 1001 reads programs (program codes), software modules, data, etc. from at least one of the storage 1003 and the communication device 1004 into the memory 1002 and executes various processes in accordance with these. The programs used are those that cause a computer to execute at least some of the operations described in the above-described embodiments. For example, the control unit 103 of the base station 10 and the control unit 203 of the device 20 may be implemented by a control program stored in the memory 1002 and running on the processor 1001, and similar implementations may be made for other functional blocks. While the above-described various processes have been described as being executed by one processor 1001, they may also be executed simultaneously or sequentially by two or more processors 1001. The processor 1001 may be implemented by one or more chips. The programs may be transmitted from a network via a telecommunications line.

[0235] The memory 1002 is a computer-readable recording medium and may be configured, for example, by at least one of a read-only memory (ROM), an erasable programmable ROM (EPROM), an electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM), a random access memory (RAM), etc. The memory 1002 may also be called a register, a cache, a main memory (primary storage device), etc. The memory 1002 can store executable programs (program codes), software modules, etc. for implementing a wireless communication method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0236] Storage 1003 is a computer-readable recording medium, and may be composed of at least one of, for example, an optical disk such as a CD-ROM (Compact Disc ROM), a hard disk drive, a flexible disk, a magneto-optical disk (e.g., a compact disk, a digital versatile disk, a Blu-ray disc), a smart card, a flash memory (e.g., a card, a stick, a key drive), a floppy disk, a magnetic strip, etc. Storage 1003 may also be referred to as an auxiliary storage device. The above-mentioned storage medium may be, for example, a database, a server, or other appropriate medium including at least one of memory 1002 and storage 1003.

[0237] The communication device 1004 is hardware (transmission / reception device) for communicating between computers via at least one of a wired network and a wireless network, and is also referred to as, for example, a network device, a network controller, a network card, or a communication module. The communication device 1004 may be configured to include a high-frequency switch, a duplexer, a filter, a frequency synthesizer, etc. to realize at least one of frequency division duplex (FDD) and time division duplex (TDD). For example, the above-mentioned transmitter 101, receiver 102, receiver 201, transmitter 202, etc. may be realized by the communication device 1004.

[0238] The input device 1005 is an input device (for example, a keyboard, a mouse, a microphone, a switch, a button, a sensor, etc.) that receives input from the outside. The output device 1006 is an output device (for example, a display, a speaker, an LED lamp, etc.) that outputs to the outside. The input device 1005 and the output device 1006 may be integrated into one device (for example, a touch panel).

[0239] Furthermore, each device, such as the processor 1001 and the memory 1002, is connected by a bus 1007 for communicating information. The bus 1007 may be configured using a single bus, or may be configured using different buses between each device.

[0240] Furthermore, the base station 10 and the device 20 may be configured to include hardware such as a microprocessor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a programmable logic device (PLD), or a field programmable gate array (FPGA), and some or all of the functional blocks may be realized by the hardware. For example, the processor 1001 may be implemented using at least one of these pieces of hardware.

[0241] <Information notification, signaling> The notification of information is not limited to the embodiments described in the present disclosure, and may be performed using other methods. For example, the notification of information may be performed by physical layer signaling (e.g., Downlink Control Information (DCI), Uplink Control Information (UCI)), higher layer signaling (e.g., Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling, Medium Access Control (MAC) signaling, broadcast information (Master Information Block (MIB), System Information Block (SIB))), other signals, or a combination thereof. Furthermore, the RRC signaling may be referred to as an RRC message, and may be, for example, an RRC Connection Setup message, an RRC Connection Reconfiguration message, or the like.

[0242] <Applicable systems> Embodiments described in the present disclosure may be applied to at least one of a system using LTE (Long Term Evolution), LTE-Advanced (LTE-A), SUPER 3G, IMT-Advanced, 4G (4th generation mobile communication system), 5G (5th generation mobile communication system), 6G (6th generation mobile communication system), xG (xG (x is, for example, an integer or a decimal point)), FRA (Future Radio Access), NR (new Radio), New radio access (NX), Future generation radio access (FX), W-CDMA (registered trademark), GSM (registered trademark), CDMA2000, UMB (Ultra Mobile Broadband), IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.20, UWB (Ultra-Wideband), Bluetooth (registered trademark), or other suitable systems, and next generation systems extended, modified, created, or defined based on these. Furthermore, a combination of multiple systems (for example, a combination of at least one of LTE and LTE-A with 5G) may be applied.

[0243] <Processing procedures, etc.> The order of the procedures, sequences, flowcharts, etc. of each aspect / embodiment described in this disclosure may be changed unless it is consistent. For example, the methods described in this disclosure present elements of various steps using an example order, and are not limited to the particular order presented.

[0244] <Base station operation> In the present disclosure, a specific operation described as being performed by a base station may be performed by its upper node in some cases. In a network consisting of one or more network nodes having a base station, it is clear that various operations performed for communication with a terminal may be performed by at least one of the base station and another network node other than the base station (for example, but not limited to, an MME or an S-GW). Although the above example illustrates a case where there is one other network node other than the base station, a combination of multiple other network nodes (for example, an MME and an S-GW) may also be used.

[0245] <Input / output direction> Information, etc. (see the section on information and signals) can be output from a higher layer (or a lower layer) to a lower layer (or a higher layer). It may also be input and output via multiple network nodes.

[0246] <Handling of input and output information> Input and output information may be stored in a specific location (for example, memory) or may be managed using a management table. Input and output information may be overwritten, updated, or added to. Output information may be deleted. Input information may be sent to another device.

[0247] <Judgment method> The determination may be made based on a value represented by one bit (0 or 1), a Boolean value (true or false), or a numerical comparison (e.g., comparison with a predetermined value).

[0248] <Variations of form, etc.> Each aspect / embodiment described in this disclosure may be used alone, in combination, or switched depending on the implementation. Furthermore, notification of predetermined information (e.g., notification that "X is true") is not limited to being done explicitly, but may be done implicitly (e.g., by not notifying the predetermined information).

[0249] Although the present disclosure has been described in detail above, it is clear to those skilled in the art that the present disclosure is not limited to the embodiments described herein. The present disclosure can be implemented in modified and altered forms without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure as defined by the claims. Therefore, the description of the present disclosure is intended to be illustrative and does not have any limiting meaning on the present disclosure.

[0250] <Software> Software shall be construed broadly to mean instructions, instruction sets, code, code segments, program code, programs, subprograms, software modules, applications, software applications, software packages, routines, subroutines, objects, executable files, threads of execution, procedures, functions, etc., whether referred to as software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description language, or otherwise.

[0251] Software, instructions, information, etc. may also be transmitted or received over a transmission medium. For example, if software is transmitted from a website, server, or other remote source using wired technologies (such as coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, Digital Subscriber Line (DSL)), and / or wireless technologies (such as infrared, microwave), then these wired and / or wireless technologies are included within the definition of transmission media.

[0252] <Information, Signals> The information, signals, etc. described in this disclosure may be represented using any of a variety of different technologies. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, chips, etc. that may be referred to throughout the above description may be represented by voltages, currents, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or magnetic particles, optical fields or photons, or any combination thereof.

[0253] Note that terms explained in this disclosure and terms necessary for understanding this disclosure may be replaced with terms having the same or similar meanings. For example, at least one of a channel and a symbol may be a signal (signaling). Furthermore, a signal may be a message. Furthermore, a component carrier (CC) may be called a carrier frequency, a cell, a frequency carrier, etc.

[0254] <System, Network> As used in this disclosure, the terms "system" and "network" are used interchangeably.

[0255] <Parameter, channel name> Furthermore, the information, parameters, etc. described in the present disclosure may be expressed using absolute values, relative values ​​from a predetermined value, or other corresponding information. For example, a radio resource may be indicated by an index.

[0256] The names used for the above-described parameters are not intended to be limiting in any way. Furthermore, the mathematical expressions using these parameters may differ from those explicitly disclosed in this disclosure. The various channels (e.g., PUCCH, PDCCH, etc.) and information elements may be identified by any suitable names, and therefore the various names assigned to these various channels and information elements are not intended to be limiting in any way.

[0257] <Base station> In this disclosure, terms such as "base station (BS)," "radio base station," "fixed station," "NodeB," "eNodeB (eNB)," "gNodeB (gNB)," "access point," "transmission point," "reception point," "transmission / reception point," "cell," "sector," "cell group," "carrier," and "component carrier" may be used interchangeably. Base stations may also be referred to by terms such as macrocell, small cell, femtocell, and picocell.

[0258] A base station can accommodate one or more (e.g., three) cells. When a base station accommodates multiple cells, the overall coverage area of ​​the base station can be divided into multiple smaller areas, and each smaller area can be provided with communication service by a base station subsystem (e.g., a small indoor base station (RRH: Remote Radio Head)). The term "cell" or "sector" refers to a part or the entire coverage area of ​​a base station and / or base station subsystem that provides communication service within this coverage.

[0259] In the present disclosure, the base station transmitting information to a terminal may be interpreted as the base station instructing the terminal to control or operate based on the information.

[0260] <Mobile station> In this disclosure, the terms "Mobile Station (MS)," "user terminal," "User Equipment (UE)," "terminal," etc. may be used interchangeably.

[0261] A mobile station may also be referred to by those skilled in the art as a subscriber station, mobile unit, subscriber unit, wireless unit, remote unit, mobile device, wireless device, wireless communication device, remote device, mobile subscriber station, access terminal, mobile terminal, wireless terminal, remote terminal, handset, user agent, mobile client, client, or some other suitable terminology.

[0262] <Base station / mobile station> At least one of the base station and the mobile station may be referred to as a transmitting device, a receiving device, a communication device, etc. At least one of the base station and the mobile station may be a device mounted on a mobile object, the mobile object itself, etc. The mobile object refers to a movable object, and may move at any speed. Naturally, this also includes cases where the mobile object is stationary. Examples of the mobile object include, but are not limited to, vehicles, transport vehicles, automobiles, motorcycles, bicycles, connected cars, excavators, bulldozers, wheel loaders, dump trucks, forklifts, trains, buses, handcars, rickshaws, ships and other watercraft, airplanes, rockets, satellites, drones (registered trademark), multicopters, quadcopters, balloons, and objects mounted thereon. The mobile object may also be a mobile object that moves autonomously based on an operational command. It may be a vehicle (e.g., a car, an airplane, etc.), an unmanned mobile object (e.g., a drone, an autonomous vehicle, etc.), or a robot (manned or unmanned). At least one of the base station and the mobile station may be a device that does not necessarily move during communication operations. For example, at least one of the base station and the mobile station may be an IoT (Internet of Things) device such as a sensor.

[0263] Furthermore, a base station in the present disclosure may be read as a terminal. For example, the embodiments of the present disclosure may be applied to a configuration in which communication between a base station and a terminal is replaced with communication between multiple terminals (which may be called, for example, D2D (Device-to-Device) or V2X (Vehicle-to-Everything)). In this case, the device 20 may be configured to have the functions of the base station 10 described above. Furthermore, terms such as "uplink" and "downlink" may be read as terms corresponding to communication between terminals (for example, "side"). For example, terms such as an uplink channel and a downlink channel may be read as a side channel.

[0264] Similarly, the term "terminal" in the present disclosure may be interpreted as a base station, in which case the base station 10 may be configured to have the functions of the device 20 described above.

[0265] Fig. 15 shows an example configuration of a vehicle 2001. As shown in Fig. 15, the vehicle 2001 includes a drive unit 2002, a steering unit 2003, an accelerator pedal 2004, a brake pedal 2005, a shift lever 2006, front wheels 2007, rear wheels 2008, an axle 2009, an electronic control unit 2010, various sensors 2021 to 2029, an information service unit 2012, and a communication module 2013. Each aspect / embodiment described in the present disclosure may be applied to a communication device mounted on the vehicle 2001, and may be applied to the communication module 2013, for example.

[0266] The drive unit 2002 is configured, for example, by an engine, a motor, or a hybrid of an engine and a motor. The steering unit 2003 includes at least a steering wheel (also called a handle), and is configured to steer at least one of the front wheels and the rear wheels based on the operation of the steering wheel operated by the user.

[0267] The electronic control unit 2010 is composed of a microprocessor 2031, a memory (ROM, RAM) 2032, and a communication port (IO port) 2033. Signals are input to the electronic control unit 2010 from various sensors 2021 to 2029 provided in the vehicle 2001. The electronic control unit 2010 may also be called an ECU (Electronic Control Unit).

[0268] The signals from the various sensors 2021 to 2029 include a current signal from a current sensor 2021 that senses the current of the motor, a rotation speed signal of the front and rear wheels obtained by a rotation speed sensor 2022, an air pressure signal of the front and rear wheels obtained by an air pressure sensor 2023, a vehicle speed signal obtained by a vehicle speed sensor 2024, an acceleration signal obtained by an acceleration sensor 2025, an accelerator pedal depression amount signal obtained by an accelerator pedal sensor 2029, a brake pedal depression amount signal obtained by a brake pedal sensor 2026, a shift lever operation signal obtained by a shift lever sensor 2027, and a detection signal for detecting obstacles, vehicles, pedestrians, etc. obtained by an object detection sensor 2028.

[0269] The information service unit 2012 is composed of various devices, such as a car navigation system, an audio system, speakers, a television, and a radio, for providing (outputting) various information such as driving information, traffic information, and entertainment information, and one or more ECUs for controlling these devices. The information service unit 2012 uses information acquired from external devices via the communication module 2013, etc., to provide various multimedia information and multimedia services to the occupants of the vehicle 2001.

[0270] The information service unit 2012 may include input devices (e.g., keyboards, mice, microphones, switches, buttons, sensors, touch panels, etc.) that accept input from the outside, and may also include output devices (e.g., displays, speakers, LED lamps, touch panels, etc.) that output to the outside.

[0271] The driving assistance system unit 2030 is composed of various devices that provide functions for preventing accidents and reducing the driver's driving burden, such as a millimeter-wave radar, a LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging), a camera, a positioning locator (e.g., GNSS, etc.), map information (e.g., high-definition (HD) map, autonomous vehicle (AV) map, etc.), a gyro system (e.g., an IMU (Inertial Measurement Unit), an INS (Inertial Navigation System), etc.), an AI (Artificial Intelligence) chip, and an AI processor, as well as one or more ECUs that control these devices. The driving assistance system unit 2030 also transmits and receives various information via the communication module 2013 to realize the driving assistance function or the autonomous driving function.

[0272] The communication module 2013 can communicate with the microprocessor 2031 and components of the vehicle 2001 via the communication port. For example, the communication module 2013 transmits and receives data via the communication port 2033 to and from the drive unit 2002, steering unit 2003, accelerator pedal 2004, brake pedal 2005, shift lever 2006, front wheels 2007, rear wheels 2008, axle 2009, microprocessor 2031 and memory (ROM, RAM) 2032 in the electronic control unit 2010, and sensors 2021 to 29, which are provided in the vehicle 2001.

[0273] The communication module 2013 is a communication device that can be controlled by the microprocessor 2031 of the electronic control unit 2010 and can communicate with an external device. For example, it transmits and receives various information to and from the external device via wireless communication. The communication module 2013 may be located either inside or outside the electronic control unit 2010. The external device may be, for example, a base station, a mobile station, or the like.

[0274] The communication module 2013 may transmit at least one of signals from the above-mentioned various sensors 2021-2029 input to the electronic control unit 2010, information obtained based on the signals, and information based on input from the outside (user) obtained via the information service unit 2012 to an external device via wireless communication. The electronic control unit 2010, the various sensors 2021-2029, the information service unit 2012, etc. may be referred to as input units that accept input. For example, the PUSCH transmitted by the communication module 2013 may include information based on the above-mentioned input.

[0275] The communication module 2013 receives various information (traffic information, traffic signal information, vehicle distance information, etc.) transmitted from external devices and displays it on the information service unit 2012 provided in the vehicle 2001. The information service unit 2012 may also be called an output unit that outputs information (for example, outputs information to a device such as a display or speaker based on the PDSCH received by the communication module 2013 (or data / information decoded from the PDSCH)).

[0276] Furthermore, the communication module 2013 stores various information received from external devices in a memory 2032 that can be used by the microprocessor 2031. Based on the information stored in the memory 2032, the microprocessor 2031 may control the drive unit 2002, steering unit 2003, accelerator pedal 2004, brake pedal 2005, shift lever 2006, front wheels 2007, rear wheels 2008, axle 2009, sensors 2021 to 2029, and the like provided in the vehicle 2001.

[0277] <Terminology and interpretation> As used in this disclosure, the terms "determining" and "determining" may encompass a wide variety of actions. "Determining" and "determining" may include, for example, judging, calculating, computing, processing, deriving, investigating, looking up, searching, inquiring (e.g., searching in a table, database, or other data structure), ascertaining, and the like. "Determining" and "determining" may also include receiving (e.g., receiving information), transmitting (e.g., sending information), input, output, accessing (e.g., accessing data in memory), and the like. Furthermore, "judgment" and "decision" can include regarding resolving, selecting, choosing, establishing, comparing, etc. as having been "judged" or "decided." In other words, "judgment" and "decision" can include regarding some action as having been "judged" or "decided." Furthermore, "judgment (decision)" can be interpreted as "assuming," "expecting," "considering," etc.

[0278] The terms "connected," "coupled," or any variation thereof, refer to any direct or indirect connection or coupling between two or more elements, and may include the presence of one or more intermediate elements between two elements that are "connected" or "coupled" to each other. The coupling or connection between elements may be physical, logical, or a combination thereof. For example, "connected" may be read as "access." As used in this disclosure, two elements may be considered to be "connected" or "coupled" to each other using one or more wires, cables, and / or printed electrical connections, as well as electromagnetic energy having wavelengths in the radio frequency range, microwave range, and optical (both visible and invisible) range, as some non-limiting and non-exhaustive examples.

[0279] <Reference signal> The reference signal may be abbreviated as RS (Reference Signal) or may be called a pilot depending on the applicable standard.

[0280] <The meaning of "based on"> As used in this disclosure, the phrase "based on" does not mean "based only on," unless expressly stated otherwise. In other words, the phrase "based on" means both "based only on" and "based at least on."

[0281] <"First", "Second"> As used in this disclosure, any reference to an element using a designation such as "first," "second," etc. does not generally limit the quantity or order of those elements. These designations may be used in this disclosure as a convenient method of distinguishing between two or more elements. Thus, a reference to a first and a second element does not imply that only two elements may be employed or that the first element must in some way precede the second element.

[0282] <Means> In the configuration of each of the above devices, the "means" may be replaced with "section", "circuit", "device", etc.

[0283] <Open format> In the present disclosure, when the terms "include", "including" and their variants are used, these terms are intended to be inclusive, similar to the term "comprising". Further, the term "or" used in the present disclosure is not intended to be an exclusive disjunction.

[0284] <Time units such as TTI, frequency units such as RB, radio frame configuration> A radio frame may be composed of one or more frames in the time domain. Each of the one or more frames in the time domain may be referred to as a subframe. A subframe may further be composed of one or more slots in the time domain. A subframe may have a fixed time length (e.g., 1 ms) that does not depend on numerology.

[0285] Numerology may be a communication parameter applied to at least one of the transmission and reception of a certain signal or channel. Numerology may indicate, for example, at least one of subcarrier spacing (SCS), bandwidth, symbol length, cyclic prefix length, transmission time interval (TTI), number of symbols per TTI, radio frame configuration, specific filtering processing performed by a transceiver in the frequency domain, specific windowing processing performed by a transceiver in the time domain, etc.

[0286] A slot may be composed of one or more symbols (such as an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) symbol or a Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) symbol) in the time domain. A slot may be a time unit based on numerology.

[0287] A slot may include multiple minislots. Each minislot may consist of one or multiple symbols in the time domain. A minislot may also be called a subslot. A minislot may consist of fewer symbols than a slot. A PDSCH (or PUSCH) transmitted in a time unit larger than a minislot may be called PDSCH (or PUSCH) mapping type A. A PDSCH (or PUSCH) transmitted using a minislot may be called PDSCH (or PUSCH) mapping type B.

[0288] The radio frame, subframe, slot, minislot, and symbol all represent time units for transmitting signals, and may be referred to by other names corresponding to the radio frame, subframe, slot, minislot, and symbol.

[0289] For example, one subframe may be called a transmission time interval (TTI), multiple consecutive subframes may be called a TTI, or one slot or one minislot may be called a TTI. That is, at least one of the subframe and the TTI may be a subframe (1 ms) in existing LTE, a period shorter than 1 ms (for example, 1-13 symbols), or a period longer than 1 ms. Note that the unit representing the TTI may be called a slot, minislot, etc. instead of a subframe.

[0290] Here, TTI refers to, for example, the smallest time unit for scheduling in wireless communication. For example, in an LTE system, a base station performs scheduling to allocate radio resources (such as frequency bandwidth and transmission power that can be used by each user terminal) to each user terminal in TTI units. However, the definition of TTI is not limited to this.

[0291] The TTI may be a transmission time unit for a channel-encoded data packet (transport block), a code block, a code word, etc., or may be a processing unit for scheduling, link adaptation, etc. When a TTI is given, the time interval (e.g., the number of symbols) to which a transport block, a code block, a code word, etc. is actually mapped may be shorter than the TTI.

[0292] When one slot or one minislot is called a TTI, one or more TTIs (i.e., one or more slots or one or more minislots) may be the minimum time unit for scheduling. Also, the number of slots (minislots) constituting the minimum time unit for scheduling may be controlled.

[0293] A TTI having a time length of 1 ms may be called a normal TTI (TTI in LTE Rel. 8-12), normal TTI, long TTI, normal subframe, normal subframe, long subframe, slot, etc. A TTI shorter than a normal TTI may be called a shortened TTI, short TTI, partial or fractional TTI, shortened subframe, short subframe, minislot, subslot, slot, etc.

[0294] In addition, a long TTI (e.g., a normal TTI, a subframe, etc.) may be interpreted as a TTI having a time length of more than 1 ms, and a short TTI (e.g., a shortened TTI, etc.) may be interpreted as a TTI having a TTI length shorter than the TTI length of a long TTI and equal to or greater than 1 ms.

[0295] A resource block (RB) is a resource allocation unit in the time domain and frequency domain, and may include one or more consecutive subcarriers in the frequency domain. The number of subcarriers included in an RB may be the same regardless of numerology, for example, 12. The number of subcarriers included in an RB may also be determined based on numerology.

[0296] The time domain of an RB may include one or more symbols and may have a length of one slot, one minislot, one subframe, or one TTI. One TTI, one subframe, etc. may each be composed of one or more resource blocks.

[0297] Note that one or more RBs may also be called a physical resource block (PRB), a sub-carrier group (SCG), a resource element group (REG), a PRB pair, an RB pair, or the like.

[0298] Furthermore, a resource block may be composed of one or more resource elements (REs). For example, one RE may be a radio resource region of one subcarrier and one symbol.

[0299] A Bandwidth Part (BWP) (which may also be referred to as a fractional bandwidth) may represent a subset of contiguous common resource blocks (RBs) for a given numerology on a given carrier, where the common RBs may be identified by their index relative to a common reference point of the carrier. PRBs may be defined in a given BWP and numbered within that BWP.

[0300] The BWP may include a BWP for UL (UL BWP) and a BWP for DL ​​(DL BWP). One or more BWPs may be configured for a UE within one carrier.

[0301] At least one of the configured BWPs may be active, and the UE may not expect to transmit or receive a given signal / channel outside the active BWP. Note that the terms "cell," "carrier," etc. in this disclosure may be read as "BWP."

[0302] The above-described structures of radio frames, subframes, slots, minislots, symbols, etc. are merely examples. For example, the number of subframes included in a radio frame, the number of slots per subframe or radio frame, the number of minislots included in a slot, the number of symbols and RBs included in a slot or minislot, the number of subcarriers included in an RB, the number of symbols in a TTI, the symbol length, the cyclic prefix (CP) length, etc. may be changed in various ways.

[0303] <Maximum transmission power> The "maximum transmit power" in this disclosure may mean the maximum value of transmit power, the nominal UE maximum transmit power, or the rated UE maximum transmit power.

[0304] <Article> In this disclosure, where articles are added by translation, such as a, an, and the in English, the disclosure may include that the nouns following these articles are in the plural form.

[0305] <"Different"> In the present disclosure, the term "A and B are different" may mean "A and B are different from each other." The term may also mean "A and B are each different from C." Terms such as "separate" and "coupled" may also be interpreted in the same way as "different." [Industrial Applicability]

[0306] One aspect of the present disclosure is useful in wireless communication systems. [Explanation of symbols]

[0307] 10 base station 20 devices 101,202 Transmitter 102,201 Receiver 103,203 Control unit

Claims

1. A wireless communication device for transmitting a signal to a device, a control unit that determines a transmission power of the signal to be transmitted to the device based on a parameter determined from among a plurality of candidates; a transmitter that transmits the signal to the device based on the transmission power; A wireless communication device comprising:

2. The control unit determines the parameters based on information related to the device. The wireless communication device according to claim 1 .

3. The information includes at least one of a cast type for transmitting the signal, identification information of the device, a type of the device, a capability of the device, an energy state of the device, and a location relationship with the device. The information processing device according to claim 2 .

4. the control unit determines the parameter based on information related to the device and an association between the plurality of candidates and the information. The wireless communication device according to claim 1 .

5. a device and a wireless communication device for transmitting a signal to the device, The wireless communication device a control unit that determines a transmission power of the signal to be transmitted to the device based on a parameter determined from among a plurality of candidates; a transmitter that transmits the signal to the device based on the transmission power; Equipped with The device comprises: a receiving unit for acquiring the signal; Wireless communication system.

6. a wireless communication device that transmits a signal to the device, determining a transmission power of the signal to be transmitted to the device based on the parameter determined from among a plurality of candidates; transmitting the signal to the device based on the transmission power; Wireless communication method.

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