Device, wireless communication system, and communication method

Abstract

To provide a device, a wireless communication system, and a wireless communication method that can appropriately apply repetition.SOLUTION: A device includes a control unit that determines whether to apply repetition to a block of a particular signal, and a transmission unit that transmits the blocks after repetition has been applied when it is determined that repetition is to be applied.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 20

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present disclosure relates to a device, a wireless communication system, and a wireless communication method. [Background technology]

[0002] For NR (New Radio) (also known as "5G"), the successor system to LTE (Long Term Evolution), technologies are being considered that meet the requirements of a large-capacity system, high-speed data transmission speed, low latency, simultaneous connection of a large number of terminals, low cost, and low power consumption (see, for example, Non-Patent Document 1).

[0003] Furthermore, Release 18 (Rel-18) of 3GPP (registered trademark) is considering Ambient Internet of Things (A-IoT) (see, for example, Non-Patent Document 2). Ambient IoT targets devices with extremely simple configurations for low-end IoT applications that operate with extremely low power consumption. [Prior art documents] [Non-patent literature]

[0004] [Non-Patent Document 1] 3GPP TS 38.300 V17.3.0 (2022-12) [Non-patent document 2] “Revised SID on Ambient IoT”, RP-232404, 3GPP TSG RAN Meeting #101, September 2023 [Non-patent document 3] 3GPP TR 38.848 V1.0.0 (2023-09) [Non-patent document 4] 3GPP TS 36.211 V16.8.0 (2023-09) [Non-Patent Document 5] “Study on solutions for Ambient IoT (Internet of Things) in NR”, RP-234058, 3GPP TSG RAN Meeting #102, December 2023 [Non-patent document 6] “New Work Item: Solutions for Ambient IoT (Internet of Things) in NR”, RP-243326, 3GPP TSG RAN Meeting #106, December 2024 [Non-Patent Document 7] 3GPP TR 38.769 V19.0.0 (2024-12) Summary of the Invention

[0005] The application of repetition to A-IoT devices (hereinafter simply referred to as "devices") is being considered, but there is room for further consideration as to how repetition should be applied.

[0006] One aspect of the present disclosure contributes to providing a device, a wireless communication system, and a wireless communication method that can appropriately apply repetition. [Means for solving the problem]

[0007] A device according to one aspect of the present disclosure includes a control unit that determines whether to apply repetition to a block of a particular signal, and a transmission unit that, if it is determined that the repetition is to be applied, transmits a plurality of the blocks after the repetition has been applied. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0008] [Figure 1] 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless communication system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 2] FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating Topology 1. [Figure 3] FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating Topology 2. [Figure 4] FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating topology 3 in DL support. [Figure 5] FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating Topology 3 in UL support. [Figure 6] FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating Topology 4. [Figure 7] FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating backscatter transmission. [Figure 8] 1 is a diagram showing an example of a candidate topology for CW / R2D / D2R transmission in topology 1. [Figure 9] FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating an example of a candidate topology for CW / R2D / D2R transmission in topology 2. [Figure 10] A diagram showing an example of an access procedure for an A-IoT device. [Figure 11] A diagram showing steps in the access procedure for an A-IoT device. [Figure 12] A diagram showing an example of a four-step (or three-step) random access procedure for an A-IoT device. [Figure 13] A diagram showing an example of a two-step random access procedure for an A-IoT device. [Figure 14] FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating an example of adding a midamble in Proposal 1. [Figure 15] FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating an example of the assumption of Proposal 2. [Figure 16] FIG. 10 is a diagram showing an example of option 1 of proposal 3. [Figure 17] FIG. 10 is a diagram showing an example of option 2 of proposal 3. [Figure 18] FIG. 10 is a diagram showing an example of option 3 of proposal 3. [Figure 19] FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating an example of a configuration of a base station according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 20] FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating an example of a configuration of a device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 21] FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating an example of a hardware configuration of a base station and a device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. [Figure 22]1 is a diagram illustrating an example of a configuration of a vehicle according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0009] Hereinafter, an embodiment according to one aspect of the present disclosure will be described with reference to the drawings. Note that the embodiment described below is an example, and the embodiment to which the present disclosure is applied is not limited to the following embodiment.

[0010] In operation of the wireless communication system according to the embodiment of the present disclosure, existing technologies are used as appropriate. The existing technologies are, for example, existing LTE or NR, but are not limited to existing LTE or NR. Furthermore, the term "LTE" as used in this specification has a broad meaning including LTE-Advanced and systems beyond LTE-Advanced, unless otherwise specified.

[0011] Furthermore, in the embodiments of the present disclosure described below, terms used in existing LTE, such as SS (synchronization signal), PSS (primary SS), SSS (secondary SS), PBCH (physical broadcast channel), PRACH (physical random access channel), PDCCH (physical downlink control channel), PDSCH (physical downlink shared channel), PUCCH (physical uplink control channel), and PUSCH (physical uplink shared channel), are used. This is for convenience of description, and similar signals, functions, etc. may be referred to by other names. Furthermore, the above-mentioned terms in NR correspond to NR-SS, NR-PSS, NR-SSS, NR-PBCH, NR-PRACH, etc. However, even signals used in NR are not necessarily designated as "NR-".

[0012] Furthermore, in the embodiments of the present disclosure, the duplex method may be a time division duplex (TDD) method, a frequency division duplex (FDD) method, or another method (for example, flexible duplex, etc.).

[0013] Furthermore, in the embodiments of the present disclosure, "configuring" radio parameters, etc. may mean that predetermined values ​​are pre-configured, or that radio parameters notified from a base station, device, terminal, etc. are set.

[0014] (Embodiment) <Wireless communication system> FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless communication system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. As illustrated in FIG. 1, the wireless communication system 1 includes a base station 10 and a device 20. While FIG. 1 illustrates one base station 10 and one device 20, this is merely an example, and multiple base stations and devices may exist. A base station may also be referred to as a BS (Base Station), gNB, or the like. The device 20 may be considered a form of terminal (UE: User Equipment) and may be an ambient IoT device, which is a device with lower complexity than an NB-IoT (Narrow Band Internet of Things) device. The ambient IoT device may also be referred to as an ambient IoT terminal, ambient IoT UE, or the like.

[0015] The base station 10 is a communication device that provides one or more cells and performs wireless communication with the device 20. The physical resources of a wireless signal are defined in the time domain and the frequency domain. The time domain may be defined by the number of Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) symbols. The frequency domain may be defined by the number of subcarriers or the number of resource blocks (RBs).

[0016] The base station 10 transmits DL signals such as control information, setting information, and data to the device 20 via DL (Downlink). The base station 10 receives UL signals such as control information, information related to the processing capability of the device 20 (device capability (information) or A-IoT capability (information); for example, capability, device capability, A-IoT capability, A-IoT device capability, etc.), and data from the device 20 via UP (Uplink).

[0017] Channels used for transmitting DL signals include, for example, data channels and control channels. For example, the data channel may include a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH), and the control channel may include a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH). For example, the base station 10 transmits control information to the device 20 using the PDCCH, and transmits DL data signals using the PDSCH. Note that the PDSCH is an example of a downlink shared channel or a data channel, and the PDCCH is an example of a downlink control channel. The PDCCH may be interpreted as downlink control information (DCI), control information, etc. transmitted in the PDCCH.

[0018] As will be described later, the wireless communication system may include intermediate nodes, assisting nodes, and / or terminals (UEs) (see <Device Types and Topologies> below). Note that, hereinafter, "and / or" may be written simply as " / ".

[0019] The device 20 is a communication device equipped with a wireless communication function, and may be an ambient IoT device (e.g., a sensor, etc.) as described above. Hereinafter, the ambient IoT device will also be referred to as an A-IoT UE.

[0020] The device 20 receives DL signals such as control signals, setting information, and data from the base station 10 via DL, and transmits UL signals such as control signals, capability information of the device 20, and data to the base station 10 via UL.

[0021] Channels used for transmitting UL signals include, for example, data channels and control channels. For example, the data channel may include a Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH), and the control channel may include a Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH). For example, device 20 transmits control information using the PUCCH and transmits UL data signals using the PUSCH. Note that the PUSCH is an example of an uplink shared channel or a data channel, and the PUCCH is an example of an uplink control channel. Note that the PUSCH or PUCCH may be interpreted as uplink control information (UCI), control information, etc. transmitted in the PUSCH or PUCCH.

[0022] <Ambient IoT> Rel-18 approved the study of ambient IoT (see, for example, Non-Patent Document 2), which is even lower-end than the existing NB-IoT (see, for example, Section 10 of Non-Patent Document 4). Ambient IoT targets ultra-low power consumption and ultra-low complexity devices.

[0023] Ambient IoT may consider, for example, the following deployment scenarios and characteristics for relevant use cases: Indoor or outdoor environment Base station type, e.g., macro / micro / pico cell-based deployment The connectivity topology, e.g., which nodes (e.g., base stations, terminals (UE), relays, and repeaters) communicate with the ambient IoT devices - Duplexing method: TDD or FDD, frequency band: licensed or unlicensed Coexistence with UE and network equipment in frequency bands for existing 3GPP technologies - Traffic assumptions for outgoing / incoming traffic from the device

[0024] Based on the above deployment scenarios and characteristics, for example, the following RAN design targets can be formulated: ·Power consumption Complexity ·coverage Data rate Positioning accuracy

[0025] Based on deployment scenarios appropriate for the relevant use cases, compare and evaluate the feasibility of meeting design targets and identify supporting features.

[0026] <Device type and topology> Based on the results of the study items, TR 38.848 (Non-Patent Document 3) was approved. TR 38.848 considers the following categories of ambient IoT devices: Device A: Device A has no power (energy) storage, no independent signal generation and amplification functions, and performs backscattering transmission. Device B: Device B has power storage, does not have the capability of independent signal generation, and performs backscatter transmission. Device B uses the stored power to amplify the reflected signal. Device C: Device C has power storage, is capable of independent signal generation, and has active RF (radio frequency) components for transmission.

[0027] The complexity of device A is assumed to be about the same as that of RFID (radio frequency identification).

[0028] TR 38.848 defines the following topologies 1 to 4 in an ambient IoT network.

[0029] Figure 2 is a diagram illustrating Topology 1. As shown in Figure 2, Topology 1 is a configuration in which a base station (BS) and an ambient IoT device communicate with each other. The ambient IoT device communicates directly with the base station in both directions.

[0030] Figure 3 is a diagram illustrating Topology 2. As shown in Figure 3, Topology 2 is a configuration in which a base station and an ambient IoT device communicate via an intermediate node. The ambient IoT device performs bidirectional communication with the intermediate node located between the base station and the ambient IoT device. The intermediate node may be, for example, a relay, an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) node, a UE, a repeater, etc.

[0031] Figure 4 is a diagram illustrating Topology 3 in DL assistance. As shown in Figure 4, Topology 3 is a configuration including communication between a base station and an assisting node, communication between the assisting node and an ambient IoT device, and communication between the ambient IoT device and a base station.

[0032] The support node supports DL communication. For example, as shown in Figure 4, the support node receives DL signals from the base station and transmits the received DL signals to the ambient IoT device. For UL communication, the ambient IoT device transmits UL signals directly to the base station.

[0033] Figure 5 is a diagram illustrating Topology 3 in UL support. As shown in Figure 5, Topology 3 is a configuration including communication between a base station and a support node, communication between a support node and an ambient IoT device, and communication between an ambient IoT device and a base station.

[0034] The support node supports UL communication. For example, as shown in Figure 5, the support node receives UL signals from the ambient IoT device and transmits the received UL signals to the base station. For DL ​​communication, the ambient IoT device receives DL signals directly from the base station.

[0035] The supporting nodes shown in Figures 4 and 5 may be, for example, relays, IAB nodes, UEs, repeaters, etc.

[0036] Figure 6 is a diagram illustrating Topology 4. Topology 4 is a configuration in which a UE and an ambient IoT device communicate with each other. The ambient IoT device performs bidirectional communication with the UE. Communication related to Topology 4 may be considered as sidelink (SL) communication.

[0037] In the above topologies 1 to 4, the ambient IoT device may be provided with a carrier wave from another node inside or outside the topology (see Section 4.2.1 of Non-Patent Document 3).

[0038] The wireless communication system 1 (wireless communication network) may include a base station, a support node, an intermediate node, and / or a terminal (UE of Topology 4) in addition to the device 20. In this specification, the base station, the support node, the intermediate node, and the terminal may be read as a network or a (network) node. Also, an A-IoT device may be simply referred to as A-IoT.

[0039] <Backscatter transmission> Base stations, intermediate nodes, support nodes, and other nodes transmit RF signals to ambient IoT devices, which are activated and obtain power from the RF operating fields from the base stations, intermediate nodes, support nodes, and other nodes via inductive coupling.

[0040] The ambient IoT device backscatters and modulates the RF signals received from the base station, intermediate node, support node, and other nodes by switching the reflection coefficient of the device's antenna, and transmits information to the base station, intermediate node, support node, and other nodes.

[0041] FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating backscatter transmission. FIG. 7 shows an example in which an ambient IoT device performs ON-OFF keying and transmits information. The dashed line area in FIG. 7 indicates an OFF section, which may correspond to the information (bit) "0." A sine wave signal may correspond to the information "1."

[0042] <Rel-19 SID> The Rel-19 SID (Study Item Description) examined solutions necessary and feasible for A-IoT (see Section 4.1 of Non-Patent Document 5). The examined solutions include, for example, determining which functions, procedures, etc. are necessary and which functions, procedures, etc. are not.

[0043] Additionally, for the DL and UL of A-IoT, several issues will be discussed under the leadership of RAN 1. One of the issues to be discussed is the scheduling and timing relationship between DL and UL in A-IoT. In discussing the scheduling and timing relationship, the following 1. traffic flow, 2. device assumptions, and 3. topology can be considered.

[0044] 1. Traffic Flow The following DT and DO-DTT are being considered as traffic flows for A-IoT.

[0045] DT (device terminated) As for traffic, there is transmission (DL) to the A-IoT UE, but there is no transmission (UL) from the A-IoT UE. In other words, there is information to be transmitted to the A-IoT UE, but there is no information to be transmitted from the A-IoT UE. DT corresponds to a command type, for example, in which there is an instruction such as a command to the A-IoT UE.

[0046] ·DO-DTT(device originated - device terminated triggered) Traffic includes triggers from the network (NW) and transmissions (UL) from the A-IoT UE. In other words, traffic includes information transmitted from the A-IoT UE. DO-DTT corresponds to, for example, a sensor information report type in which the A-IoT UE transmits sensor information collected by the A-IoT UE.

[0047] In this disclosure, transmitting information corresponds to transmitting a signal containing information or transmitting a signal. In this disclosure, transmitting to a certain device X corresponds to transmitting a signal (or information) to device X. In addition, transmitting from a certain device X and transmitting by a certain device X correspond to device X transmitting a signal (or information). In addition, receiving from a certain device X corresponds to receiving a signal (or information) transmitted by device X. In addition, receiving by a certain device X corresponds to device X receiving a signal (or information).

[0048] 2. Device Prerequisites For A-IoT UE, the following TX (transmission) and FR (frequency range) 1-FDD are assumed:

[0049] ·TX TX can be unamplified backscatter UL transmission, amplified backscatter UL transmission, or amplified general UL transmission.

[0050] FR1-FDD FR1-FDD is applied to the A-IoT UE, that is, the A-IoT UE can switch carrier frequencies between DL carriers and UL carriers. However, the present disclosure is not limited to FR1-FDD and may be applied to TDD, FR2, or FR3.

[0051] The frequency bands of each FR are, for example, as follows: FR1: 410MHz~7.125GHz FR2: 24.25GHz~52.6GHz FR3: 7.125GHz~24.25GHz

[0052] FR1 may use a sub-carrier spacing (SCS) of 15 kHz, 30 kHz, or 60 kHz, and a bandwidth (BW) of 5 to 100 MHz. FR2 is a higher frequency than FR1, and may use an SCS of 60 kHz or 120 kHz (including 240 kHz), and a bandwidth (BW) of 50 to 400 MHz.

[0053] 3. Topology Among the topologies shown in FIGS. 2 to 6, attention is focused on Topology 1 and Topology 2.

[0054] In Topology 1, UL and / or DL ​​communication is performed between a base station and an A-IoT UE without passing through an intermediate node. Note that the base station in the case of Topology 1 may correspond to a microcell.

[0055] In Topology 2, communication is performed between a base station and an A-IoT UE via an intermediate node. The A-IoT UE performs bidirectional communication with the intermediate node located between the base station and the A-IoT UE. Note that the base station in Topology 2 may correspond to a macrocell. The Topology 2 case may also be applied to indoor cases. Hereinafter, the intermediate node will also be referred to as intermediate UE, int.UE (intermediate UE), etc.

[0056] <Device Type> Three device types are defined for A-IoT devices: Device 1, Device 2a, and Device 2b.

[0057] Device 1 (may also be referred to as Type 1) Device 1 is a device type that consumes a peak power of 1 μW or less. Device 1 has an energy storage and an initial sampling frequency offset (SFO) of up to Z ppm (parts per million), where Z is 10 to the power of x (x is an integer greater than or equal to 0). Device 1 does not have any amplification in either DL or UL. UL transmission in Device 1 is performed by backscattering an externally provided carrier wave (CW), i.e., an unmodulated wave.

[0058] Device 2a (also referred to as Type 2a) The device 2a is a device type that consumes a peak power of several hundred μW. The device 2a has an energy storage and an initial sampling frequency offset of up to Z [ppm] (Z is 10 to the power x (x is an integer equal to or greater than 0)). The device 2a also performs DL and / or UL amplification. The UL transmission in the device 2a is performed by backscattering in a CW provided from an external device.

[0059] Device 2b (also called Type 2b) Device 2b is a device type that consumes a peak power of several hundred μW. Device 2b has energy storage and an initial sampling frequency offset of up to Z [ppm] (Z is 10 to the power x (x is an integer equal to or greater than 0)). DL and / or UL amplification is performed in device 2b. UL transmission in device 2b is performed internally within device 2b. In other words, UL transmission in device 2b does not need to be performed by backscattering in CW provided from an external source.

[0060] <Candidate Topology> Next, we describe candidate topologies for CW / R2D / D2R transmission.

[0061] Fig. 8 is a diagram showing examples of candidate topologies for CW / R2D / D2R transmission in Topology 1. Fig. 8 shows Topology 1A, Topology 1B, Topology 1C, Topology 1D, and Topology 1E as examples of candidate topologies.

[0062] As shown in Figure 8, in topologies 1A to 1E, CW / R2D communication signals (sometimes referred to as "R2D" in Figure 8 and below) / D2R communication signals (sometimes referred to as "D2R" in Figure 8 and below) can be sent and received to A-IoT devices.

[0063] In this embodiment, DL and R2D (reader to device) may be interchangeable, and UL and D2R (device to reader) may be interchangeable, where reader corresponds to BS and / or intermediate UE, and device corresponds to A-IoT device.

[0064] In Topology 1A, the node (first BS) that transmits the CW is different from the node (second BS) that receives the D2R communication signal transmitted by the A-IoT device via backscattering, and the node that transmits the CW is the same as the node that transmits the R2D communication signal. Also, the node that transmits the R2D communication signal is different from the node that receives the D2R communication signal transmitted by the A-IoT device via backscattering. In other words, the R in R2D is different from the R in D2R.

[0065] In Topology 1B, the node (BS) that transmits the CW, the node that transmits the R2D communication signal, and the node that receives the D2R communication signal transmitted by the A-IoT device via backscattering are the same.

[0066] In Topology 1C, the node transmitting the CW (CW node) is different from the node transmitting the R2D communication signal (BS). Also, in Topology 1C, the node transmitting the CW is different from the node receiving the D2R communication signal transmitted by the A-IoT device via backscattering (BS). Also, in Topology 1C, the node transmitting the R2D communication signal is the same as the node receiving the D2R communication signal transmitted by the A-IoT device via backscattering (BS). In other words, the R in R2D and the R in D2R are the same. Note that the CW node may be a BS, (intermediate) UE, IAB node, NCR (network-controlled repeater) node, relay node, or other type of node.

[0067] In Topology 1D, the node (BS) that transmits the R2D communication signal is the same as the node that receives the D2R communication signal generated and transmitted by the A-IoT device. That is, R in R2D is the same as R in D2R.

[0068] In Topology 1E, the node (first BS) that transmits the R2D communication signal is different from the node (second BS) that receives the D2R communication signal generated and transmitted by the A-IoT device. In other words, R in R2D is different from R in D2R.

[0069] Fig. 9 is a diagram showing examples of candidate topologies for CW / R2D / D2R transmission in Topology 2. Fig. 9 shows Topology 2A, Topology 2B, Topology 2C, Topology 2D, and Topology 2E as examples of candidate topologies.

[0070] As shown in Figure 9, in topologies 2A to 2E, CW / R2D communication signals (denoted as "R2D" in Figure 9) / D2R communication signals (denoted as "D2R" in Figure 9) can be sent and received to A-IoT devices.

[0071] In Topology 2A, the node transmitting the CW (first intermediate UE) is different from the node receiving the D2R communication signal transmitted by the A-IoT device via backscattering (second intermediate UE), and the node transmitting the CW is the same as the node transmitting the R2D communication signal. Also, the node transmitting the R2D communication signal is different from the node receiving the D2R communication signal transmitted by the A-IoT device via backscattering. In other words, the R in R2D is different from the R in D2R.

[0072] In Topology 2B, the node that transmits the CW (intermediate UE), the node that transmits the R2D communication signal, and the node that receives the D2R communication signal transmitted by the A-IoT device via backscattering are the same.

[0073] In Topology 2C, the node transmitting the CW (CW node) is different from the node transmitting the R2D communication signal (intermediate UE). Also, in Topology 1C, the node transmitting the CW is different from the node receiving the D2R communication signal transmitted by the A-IoT device via backscattering (BS). Also, in Topology 1C, the node transmitting the R2D communication signal is the same as the node receiving the D2R communication signal transmitted by the A-IoT device via backscattering. In other words, the R in R2D and the R in D2R are the same. Note that the CW node may be a BS / (intermediate) UE / IAB node / NCR node / relay node / other type of node.

[0074] In Topology 2D, the node (intermediate UE) that transmits the R2D communication signal is the same as the node that receives the D2R communication signal generated and transmitted by the A-IoT device, i.e., R in R2D is the same as R in D2R.

[0075] In Topology 2E, the node (first intermediate UE) that transmits the R2D communication signal is different from the node (second intermediate UE) that receives the D2R communication signal generated and transmitted by the A-IoT device. That is, R in R2D is different from R in D2R.

[0076] <Terminology> Here, we will explain the terms used in relation to the A-IoT mentioned above.

[0077] A-IoT device or device: a device included in an A-IoT system, having any of the multiple device types as described above.

[0078] Reader: D2R receiver The leader can be either a BS or a UE. The leader UE can be called an intermediate UE. The R2D transmitter and D2R receiver may be the same node or different nodes.

[0079] ·R2D: Abbreviation for Reader-to-Device Link. PRDCH: Physical R2D channel. D2R: Abbreviation for Device-to-Reader Link. PDRCH: Physical D2R channel.

[0080] ·DT traffic: Abbreviation for Device Terminated traffic. ·DT traffic is, for example, traffic that sends commands from a leader to a device and ends at the device.

[0081] ·DO-DTT traffic: Device Originated-Device Terminated Trigger ·DO-DTT traffic is, for example, "inventory" traffic.

[0082] · The timing acquisition signal / preamble / midamble / postamble / synchronization signal can be replaced with each other.

[0083] <Rel-19 compliant WID> A new WID (Work Item Description) "New Work Item: Solutions for Ambient IoT (Internet of Things) in NR" (RP-243326) (Non-Patent Document 6) was approved in Rel-19. This WID shows the guidelines for promoting the standardization of A-IoT technology in NR, and Chapter 4 is described as follows.

[0084] General scope Definitions provided in TR 38.848, TR 38.769, and decisions in the RAN working group in Rel-19 SI in the RAN WG are incorporated into this WI, and the following are the exclusive general scopes: A. The overall goal is to standardize the following ambient IoT devices: Device 1: Peak power consumption ~1 μW, energy storage, RF envelope detector receiver, initial sampling frequency offset (SFO) up to 10 X ppm, no amplification of R2D and D2R within the device, D2R transmission of the device is backscattered against a carrier provided externally B. Deployment scenario 1 using topology 1 according to D1T1-B The licensed spectrum in C.FR1 operates in a frequency division duplex (FDD) scheme, with R2D being used in the downlink (DL) spectrum and D2R and CW being used in the uplink (UL) spectrum. D. Spectrum deployment in the band for NR and standalone spectrum deployment, A-IoT base station (BS) is installed indoors E. Traffic types DO-DTT, DT for rUC1 (indoor inventory) and rUC4 (indoor command) Waveform 1 carrier transmission only, no hopping, for the following cases based on F.TR 38.769 Regarding cases 1 to 4 of D1T1-B G.Proximity determination only according to Solution 1 of TR 38.769 (Un)availability of devices via H.TR 38.769 direction 1 only

[0085] Within a general scope, the following objectives are set: RAN1 range: PRDCH and PDRCH are the only physical channels in R2D and D2R, respectively. R2D and D2R signals Multiplexing / multiple connections in R2D are only TDMA (Time Division Multiple Access), while D2R is only TDMA and FDMA (Frequency Division Multiple Access). R2D only supports OOK (on-off keying)-4 modulation and provides one solution for CP processing, while D2R backscatter only supports OOK and BPSK (binary phase shift keying) modulation. R2D transmission only supports Manchester line code in TR 38.769 D2R transmission supports: Manchester line code or no line code in TR 38.769 (choose one) ·Corresponding small frequency shift method according to Option TR 38.769 R2D does not support FEC (forward error correction). D2R supports only convolutional coding with a generating polynomial according to TS 36.212 (unless RAN1 decides to use other generating polynomials according to RAN1#120bis). PRDCH and PDRCH support transmission without CRC (cyclic redundancy check) and support transmission with CRC according to the generating polynomials of 6-bit CRC and 16-bit CRC in TS 38.212 (unless RAN1 decides to use other generating polynomials according to RAN1#120bis). The decision on which CRC length to use or to use no CRC is made by RAN1. D2R supports physical layer retransmission (repetition). R2D does not support physical layer retransmission.

[0086] <Access Procedure for A-IoT Devices> In an A-IoT communication session, an access procedure for an A-IoT device (hereinafter also simply referred to as a device) is executed. As access procedures for A-IoT devices, two approaches, namely a two-step approach and a four-step approach, are being considered.

[0087] Figure 10 is a diagram showing an example of an access procedure for an A-IoT device. In Figure 10, the exchange of signals between one leader and one device is shown. The horizontal axis of Figure 10 represents the time axis. Figure 10 shows an exchange including a two-step access procedure and a four-step access procedure.

[0088] In the two-step access procedure, the reader sends an A-IoT paging message. The A-IoT paging message corresponds to the first R2D transmission in an A-IoT communication session. The device that receives the A-IoT paging message sends a message called A-IoT Msg1 to the reader. In the two-step access procedure, A-IoT Msg1 contains information that identifies the device (e.g., device ID). A-IoT Msg1 may be considered a device ID report. The reader that receives A-IoT Msg1 sends a message called A-IoT Msg2 to the device. For example, the reader that receives A-IoT Msg1 sends A-IoT Msg2 addressed to the device identified by the device ID included in A-IoT Msg1. A-IoT Msg2 contains information indicating contention resolution. A-IoT Msg2 may be considered contention resolution. The two-step access procedure is then completed.

[0089] In the four-step access procedure, the reader sends an A-IoT paging message. A device that receives the A-IoT paging message sends a message called A-IoT Msg1 to the reader. In the four-step access procedure, A-IoT Msg1 contains a random ID. A-IoT Msg1 may be considered a random ID report. The reader that receives A-IoT Msg1 sends a message called A-IoT Msg2 to the device. For example, the A-IoT reader sends A-IoT Msg2, which contains the random ID contained in A-IoT Msg1. A-IoT Msg2 contains information indicating contention resolution. A-IoT Msg2 may be considered contention resolution. The device receives A-IoT Msg2 and sends A-IoT Msg3 to the reader. For example, if the random ID of the received A-IoT Msg2 matches the random ID of the sent A-IoT Msg1, the device sends A-IoT Msg3 to the reader. In the four-step access procedure, A-IoT Msg3 contains information that identifies the device (e.g., device ID). A-IoT Msg3 may be considered a device ID report. A reader that receives A-IoT Msg3 sends a response (e.g., R2D response). The four-step access procedure is then completed. However, in the four-step access procedure, a reader that receives A-IoT Msg3 does not have to send a response (e.g., R2D response).

[0090] For example, in an "inventory" use case such as checking the presence of an A-IoT device, each communication session includes only the above two-step access procedure or four-step access procedure. Note that the "inventory" use case is not limited to checking the presence of an A-IoT device.

[0091] For example, in the "inventory + command" use case, which includes checking the presence of an A-IoT device and issuing instructions to the A-IoT device, as shown in Figure 10, each communication session involves sending an R2D command message and a D2R response after the above two-step or four-step access procedure.

[0092] In addition, in exchanges including the access procedures shown in Figure 10, etc., a contention-based access procedure such as slotted-ALOHA may be applied at least to A-IoT Msg1.

[0093] In an A-IoT communication session, one A-IoT page may be sent to multiple devices. After receiving one A-IoT page, the multiple devices may continue with subsequent transmission / reception in the communication session. Note that the subsequent transmission / reception in the device may be at least one of sending A-IoT Msg1, receiving A-IoT Msg2, sending A-IoT Msg3, receiving an R2D response, receiving an R2D command message, and sending a D2R response, as shown in Figure 10.

[0094] In addition, in the exchanges including the access procedures shown in Figure 10 etc., A-IoT Paging, A-IoT Msg1, A-IoT Msg2, A-IoT Msg3 may be abbreviated as Paging, Msg1, Msg2, Msg3, respectively. Furthermore, A-IoT Paging, A-IoT Msg1, A-IoT Msg2, A-IoT Msg3 may be associated with names different from these names.

[0095] The message type may be any of A-IoT paging, A-IoT Msg1, A-IoT Msg2, A-IoT Msg3, R2D response, R2D command message, and D2R response. The R2D response may be omitted. The message type may be interchangeably referred to as message. The message may be interchangeably referred to as signal or information. For example, message transmission / reception may be interchangeably referred to as signal transmission / reception. The R2D command message may be referred to as R2D data.

[0096] The following description will mainly focus on an example of a four-step access procedure and "inventory+command" communication. However, the present disclosure is not limited to this. The present disclosure may be applied to a two-step access procedure or to "inventory" communication. An example of "inventory+command" communication corresponds to an example in which a four-step access procedure is followed by transmission / reception of an R2D command message and a D2R response.

[0097] Also, in the following description, one or more steps (e.g., processes) may be omitted (or skipped). For example, as described above, in the case of a two-step approach, the transmission / reception of A-IoT Msg3 may be omitted. Also, as described above, in the case of "inventory" communication, the R2D command message and D2R response may be omitted.

[0098] It should be noted that any of the above message types may be transmitted by unicast, multicast, broadcast, or groupcast.

[0099] <Procedures based on the agreement> Rel-19 considers inventory and command use cases as well as DO-DTT and DT traffic, and for these use cases / traffic types, steps 1 and 2 below are considered.

[0100] 1. Inventory only Step A: The reader sends an A-IoT page to the device. Step B: The device sends its device ID to the reader (via Random Access (RA) or without RA).

[0101] 2. Inventory and command Step A: The reader sends an A-IoT page to the device. Step B: The device sends its device ID to the reader (via Random Access (RA) or without RA). Step C1: The reader sends data to the device (e.g., R2D command). Step C2: The corresponding device sends data (e.g., feedback) to the reader. Note that it is unclear whether step C2 is optional.

[0102] FIG. 11 is a related diagram in TR 38.769 (Non-Patent Document 7).

[0103] <Random Access (RA) based on agreements> Regarding random access, the following steps 1 and 2 are being considered:

[0104] 1. 4 steps (or 3 steps) (see Figure 12) A-IoT Msg1: The device sends its ID to the reader. The ID is a random ID generated by the device. The size of the random ID is fixed, 16 bits. A-IoT Msg2: The reader echoes the ID received in Msg1. A-IoT Msg3: The device sends its device ID and / or other upper layer data (upon upper layer request). If the device receives Msg2 containing the same random ID as Msg1, it considers the conflict resolution successful. "Msg4" (i.e., subsequent R2D transmissions after a D2R transmission) does not always need to be sent with random access. "Msg4" can be considered to handle Msg3 transmission failures (due to various reasons).

[0105] Step 2.2 (See Figure 13) A-IoT Msg1: The device transmits its device ID and / or other upper layer data (as requested by the upper layer). A random ID (fixed 16 bits) may additionally be included in Msg1. A-IoT Msg2: If Msg1 contains a random ID, the reader echoes the ID received in Msg1.

[0106] In addition, at the 3GPP RAN2#126 and #127 meetings, the following procedures were agreed upon in relation to the above procedures.

[0107] [3GPP RAN2#126 Agreement on "4-Step" RA] 1. A-IoT Msg1: The device sends its ID to the reader. The ID is a random ID generated by the device (how it is generated is undetermined, e.g. randomly or based on the device ID). The ID size is undetermined. This does not exclude other information agreed upon in RAN1. 2. A-IoT Msg2: The reader echoes the ID received in Msg1. Msg2 may contain further information based on the agreement of RAN1. 3. A-IoT Msg3: The device sends its device ID and / or other upper layer data (as requested by the upper layer). 4. If the device receives Msg2 containing the same random ID as Msg1, it considers the contention resolution successful. RAN2 assumes that the size of the random ID in Msg1 is sufficient for contention resolution purposes. 5. "Msg4" (i.e., subsequent R2D transmissions after a D2R transmission) does not always need to be transmitted via random access. "Msg4" can be considered to handle Msg3 transmission failures (due to various reasons). The use / existence of "Msg4" can be further discussed. RAN2 does not use the term "Msg4" for further discussion of random access.

[0108] [3GPP RAN2#126 Agreement on 2-Step CB RA] 1. A-IoT Msg1: The device sends its device ID and / or other higher layer data (as required by the higher layer). It is undetermined what the device ID will be. It is undetermined whether an additional random ID is required. This does not preclude other information agreed upon in RAN1. 2. A-IoT Msg2: The reader may echo some information from Msg1. It is undetermined what that some information is. The usage / existence of "Msg2" can be further discussed.

[0109] [3GPP RAN2#127 Agreement (3-step CBRA)] For 3-step CBRA (Contention-Based Random Access) support, the fixed random ID size is 16 bits. The ID is generated randomly. -Indication of D2R failure / success will be considered. It is not yet decided whether the indication of D2R failure / success will be implicitly or explicitly indicated, and in what cases it will be required. It is also not yet decided whether the indication of D2R failure / success will only be applied in some cases.

[0110] [3GPP RAN2#127 Agreement (2-step CBRA)] For 2-step CBRA, the RAN2 specification supports Msg2. Whether it is required is up to the reader. It is not yet decided when it is required. For 2-step CBRA (when Msg2 is required), the random ID (fixed 16 bits) is also included in A-IoT Msg1 and echoed in A-IoT Msg2. If there are devices that only support 2-step RA, it is not yet decided whether other optimizations will be required for such devices. In contention-free access, A-IoT devices will directly send higher layer data (e.g., device ID) in the first D2R message after being triggered (i.e., skipping contention resolution Msg1 / 2). It remains to be determined whether short AS IDs will also be included in the message, and what type of IDs will be included for scheduling purposes. · It is yet to be determined if the leader will assign AS IDs for scheduling purposes.

[0111] In this embodiment, "R2D," "R2D signal," "R2D message," and "R2D message type" may be interchangeable. Also, in this embodiment, "D2R," "D2R signal," "D2R message," and "D2R message type" may be interchangeable.

[0112] The items described in the following proposals may be combined as appropriate as long as no contradictions arise.

[0113] In the following suggestions, the options may be combined as appropriate.

[0114] In the proposals below, different options may be applied on a case-by-case basis.

[0115] In the following proposal, the indication / configuration may be transmitted by physical (PHY) layer control information or higher layer payload (e.g., MAC (Medium Access Control) layer control information, Msg0 (paging), Msg2 (RAR (Random Access Response)), Msg4, unicast data, etc.).

[0116] In the following proposals, the instructions on the R2D may have the same meaning as above.

[0117] In the following proposal, the indication / configuration may be transmitted by the PRDCH or the R2D timing acquisition signal (preamble / midamble / postamble) / synchronization signal.

[0118] In the following proposal, a slot may be a 1 ms time interval (i.e., one slot in OFDM) or a slot in slotted ALOHA, or any other time domain unit consisting of one or more symbols.

[0119] In the following proposal, a symbol may be one OFDM symbol, M chips for OOK, or one modulation symbol for PSK / FSK.

[0120] In the following proposals, different alternatives / options may apply to R2D and D2R.

[0121] In the suggestions below, different alternatives / options may apply depending on the device type.

[0122] In the following proposals, different alternatives / options may apply to different connection topologies.

[0123] In the following proposal, different alternatives / options may be applied to different R2D / D2R channels (PRDCH: PHY channel for R2D control, PDRCH: PHY channel for D2R control).

[0124] In the following proposal, different alternatives / options may apply for different R2D / D2R information / formats / commands (R2D data, R2D control, R2D system information, R2D information triggering contention-based access, D2R data, D2R control, D2R ACK / NACK response, D2R response in contention-based access (Msg1 / Msg3)).

[0125] Hereinafter, "CW / R2D / D2R transmission" may also be referred to as communication in a wireless communication system including a device, communication of a device, communication with a device, communication involving a device, etc.

[0126] In the following, notifications may be carried in the physical (PHY) layer / MAC layer / Radio Resource Control (RRC) layer / a new layer defined for A-IoT.

[0127] <A-IoTにおけるリピティション> In A-IoT Rel-19, support for block level repetition for D2R was agreed upon. Note that in the following, block level repetition for D2R may be referred to as D2R block level repetition, block level repetition, D2R repetition, or repetition.

[0128] Note that block level repetition is defined in TR38.769. According to this definition, the block level means that all bits received from the upper layer and / or physical layer are repeated R block times in block units. For example, if a CRC is used, all bits received from the upper layer and / or physical layer after CRC attachment are repeated R block times in block units. Note that R here may also be referred to as the repetition number or repetition factor.

[0129] For example, it is assumed that the repeated block is transmitted in one PDRCH. For example, it is assumed that R blocks obtained by applying repetition R block times are transmitted in one PDRCH. However, the present disclosure is not limited to the repeated block being transmitted in one PDRCH. Note that a block is an example of a unit of a signal having a specific size. Note that a block may be replaced with at least one of a signal, a message, information, data, bits transferred from a higher layer, bits generated in a physical layer, bits after CRC addition, etc.

[0130] <Considerations> As mentioned above, support for D2R block-level repetition has been agreed upon, but there is room for discussion as to how to actually apply D2R block-level repetition.

[0131] For example, whether to apply D2R block-level repetition needs to be coordinated between the reader and the device. If the coordination between the reader and the device is not done, the reader will not be able to know that the device has applied repetition to the blocks it has sent, and therefore will not be able to properly receive the blocks to which repetition has been applied, resulting in a waste of resources required for transmission.

[0132] There is also room for consideration regarding how D2R block-level repetition can be combined with other communication technologies. For example, D2R block-level repetition increases the number of blocks transmitted and the size (e.g., number of bits) of transmitted information. There is room for consideration regarding how other communication technologies can be applied to such an increase in blocks and bits.

[0133] For example, in the case of midambles as an example of other communication technologies, when D2R block level repetition is applied, there is room for consideration as to whether to transmit midambles and, if so, how to determine the number of midambles.

[0134] If a block to which D2R block level repetition is applied does not contain enough midambles, time synchronization, frequency synchronization, etc. cannot be performed properly, and reception of the block may fail. Also, if a block to which D2R block level repetition is applied contains too many midambles, overhead increases.

[0135] Furthermore, for example, in the case of CRC being cited as an example of another communication-related technology, there is room for consideration as to whether a CRC is added when D2R block-level repetition is applied, and if a CRC is added, how to determine the length of the CRC.

[0136] If a CRC is not sufficiently added to a block to which D2R block-level repetition is applied, errors in that block may not be properly detected. Also, if a CRC is excessively added to a block to which D2R block-level repetition is applied, overhead increases.

[0137] In addition, for example, in the case of segmentation, which divides a block to be transmitted into multiple segments as an example of another communication technology, when D2R block-level repetition is applied, there is room for consideration as to how repetition is applied to the segments and in what order the segments are transmitted.

[0138] For example, if there is a discrepancy between the reader and the device as to whether repetition is applied on a segment-by-segment basis or on a block-by-block basis containing multiple segments, it may not be possible to receive blocks with repetition applied and to recover segmented blocks.

[0139] Therefore, in this embodiment, a method for appropriately applying repetition in A-IoT where support for repetition has been agreed upon will be described.

[0140] <Proposal 0> Proposal 0 describes the types of messages to which D2R block-level repetition is applicable and the activation of D2R block-level repetition.

[0141] <Proposal 0-1: Applicable message types> The types of messages to which D2R block-level repetition is applicable may be specified in the specification.

[0142] Applicable message types are at least one of Msg1, Msg3, and D2R transmission corresponding to an R2D command. Note that a D2R transmission corresponding to an R2D command includes, for example, an ACK / NACK transmission for the command.

[0143] Note that D2R repetition may be applicable to all message types transmitted on the PDRCH, for example, to all D2R transmissions corresponding to the above-mentioned Msg1, Msg3, and R2D commands.

[0144] <Proposal 0-2: Block-level repetition activation> For activation and deactivation of block-level repetition, at least one of the following options may be applied, where activation may also be referred to as activation or enabling, and deactivation may also be referred to as deactivation or disabling:

[0145] <Proposal 0-2: Activation Option 1> In option 1, block level repetition is always applied to the D2R. In other words, block level repetition is always activated in the D2R in option 1. In option 1, the device applies block level repetition to any D2R without receiving block level repetition instructions and / or settings, etc.

[0146] According to option 1, the device applies block level repetition without receiving block level repetition instructions and / or settings, etc., so signaling for block level repetition instructions and / or settings is not required, thereby reducing signaling overhead.

[0147] <Proposal 0-2: Activation Option 2> In option 2, whether to apply block level repetition to the D2R is instructed by the R2D. In other words, in option 2, block level repetition is activated when instructed by the R2D. In option 2, the device applies block level repetition to the D2R when the R2D receives an instruction to apply block level repetition. In option 2, the device does not apply block level repetition to the D2R when the R2D receives an instruction not to apply block level repetition. Here, the case where the R2D receives an instruction not to apply block level repetition may correspond to the case where the R2D does not receive an instruction to apply block level repetition.

[0148] In Option 2, whether block-level repetition is applied to D2R may be indicated explicitly or implicitly. The repetition factor or repetition number may indicate whether block-level repetition is applied to D2R. For example, if the repetition factor or repetition number is 1, repetition is not applied. For example, if the repetition factor or repetition number is 2 or more, repetition is applied.

[0149] In Option 2, whether block level repetition is applied to D2R may be indicated for each message type. For example, whether block level repetition is applied to Msg1, whether block level repetition is applied to Msg3, and whether block level repetition is applied to D2R transmissions corresponding to R2D commands may be indicated separately.

[0150] In Option 2, the R2D instructing whether to apply block level repetition to the D2R is at least one of the R2D preamble, R2D L1 control, R2D upper layer data, A-IoT paging, Msg2, and Msg4. The R2D L1 control is layer 1 control information received by the R2D. The R2D upper layer data is upper layer data received by the R2D.

[0151] According to this option 2, the R2D instructs the D2R whether to apply block level repetition or not, thereby enabling switching between applying and not applying block level repetition, thereby reducing the consumption of resources required for transmitting blocks while improving communication quality through repetition.

[0152] <Proposal 0-2: Combination of Activation Options 1 and 2> The above-mentioned activation options 1 and 2 may be combined, for example, if block level repetition is activated by the R2D, then block level repetition is applied to all D2R transmissions after activation by the R2D, and if block level repetition is deactivated by the R2D, then block level repetition is not applied to all D2R transmissions after deactivation by the R2D.

[0153] In a combination of activation options 1 and 2, whether block level repetition is applied to D2R may be indicated for each message type.

[0154] In a combination of activation options 1 and 2, the R2D that instructs whether block level repetition is applied to D2R is at least one of the following: R2D preamble, R2D L1 control, R2D upper layer data, A-IoT paging, Msg2, and Msg4.

[0155] <Proposal 0-2: Activation Option 3> In option 3, block-level repetition is determined based on the assigned time-domain resources. In option 3, the device determines whether to apply block-level repetition based on the assigned time-domain resources, and if so, transmits the blocks with block-level repetition applied in the assigned time-domain resources.

[0156] For example, whether to apply block-level repetition is determined based on the relationship between the size of the allocated time domain resource and the size of the data (or block, or message) that the device intends to transmit. Furthermore, for example, the repetition factor of block-level repetition is determined based on the relationship between the size of the allocated time domain resource and the size of the block that the device intends to transmit. In the following, an example is shown in which the resource size and the block size are expressed in chip units, but the present disclosure is not limited thereto. For example, the resource size and the block size may be expressed in other units, such as bits, symbols, blocks, or specific time units.

[0157] Example 1: If the time domain resource can accommodate 100 chips and a device wants to transmit data with 100 chips, no repetition is applied.

[0158] Example 2: If a time domain resource can accommodate 500 chips, but a device intends to transmit data having only 100 chips, a repetition of 5 times may be applied. Here, the repetition number of 5 times may be regarded as the maximum number of repetitions. That is, if a time domain resource can accommodate 500 chips, but a device intends to transmit data having only 100 chips, a repetition number equal to or less than 5 times may be applied.

[0159] Example 3: If the time domain resource can accommodate 500 chips, but a device intends to transmit data having only 150 chips, three times repetition and partial repetition or partial padding are applied. For example, three times repetition uses 450 chips of the time domain resource, so the remaining 50 chips of the time domain resource are used for partial repetition of 50 chips of the 150 chip data. Alternatively, three times repetition uses 450 chips of the time domain resource, so the remaining 50 chips of the time domain resource are padded.

[0160] Of the three activation options described above, different options may be applied depending on the message type. In other words, different options may be applied to each message type, or the same options may be applied to all message types.

[0161] For example, in the case where option 1 above is applied to Msg1 and option 2 above is applied to D2R transmissions other than Msg1, whether D2R repetition is applied is indicated for D2R transmissions other than Msg1, while D2R repetition is always applied to Msg1.

[0162] As described above, Proposal 0-2 allows block-level repetition to be appropriately activated for each message type, thereby enabling block-level repetition to be appropriately applied, thereby reducing the consumption of resources required for block transmission and improving communication quality through repetition.

[0163] <Proposal 0-3: Block-level repetition number> Proposal 0-3 describes the repetition factor of block-level repetition. Note that in Proposal 0-3, the repetition factor has the same options as the activation of block-level repetition described above. The repetition factor may also be called the number of repetitions or the repetition factor.

[0164] <Proposal 0-3: Repetition Option 1> In Option 1, the repetition factor is fixed in the specifications. In other words, the repetition factor is always a fixed number in Option 1. In Option 1, the device applies block-level repetition with the fixed repetition factor in the specifications to any D2R without receiving instructions and / or settings for the repetition factor.

[0165] According to this option 1, the device applies block-level repetition with a fixed repetition number without receiving instructions and / or settings of the repetition number, so no signaling for instructions and / or settings is required, thereby reducing signaling overhead.

[0166] <Proposal 0-3: Repetition Option 2> In option 2, the repetition factor is instructed by the R2D. In option 2, when the device receives an instruction for the repetition factor from the R2D, the device applies block-level repetition of the instructed repetition factor to the D2R. Note that in option 2, the repetition factor may be explicitly or implicitly instructed. For example, the absence of an explicit instruction for the repetition factor may correspond to an implicit instruction to use the default repetition factor.

[0167] Note that the repetition factor may be indicated for each message type in Option 2. For example, the repetition factor when applying block level repetition to Msg1, the repetition factor when applying block level repetition to Msg3, and the repetition factor when applying block level repetition to D2R transmission corresponding to an R2D command may each be indicated.

[0168] In option 2, the R2D that indicates the repetition factor is at least one of the R2D preamble, R2D L1 control, R2D upper layer data, A-IoT paging, Msg2, and Msg4.

[0169] According to this option 2, the repetition factor is indicated by the R2D, so that an appropriate repetition factor can be indicated, thereby reducing the consumption of resources required for transmitting blocks while improving communication quality through repetition.

[0170] Note that the instruction of the repetition factor by the R2D may also serve as an instruction to activate block level repetition by the R2D.

[0171] <Proposal 0-3: Combination of Option 1 and Option 2 for the number of repetitions> The above-mentioned repetition factor options 1 and 2 may be combined. For example, when a first repetition factor is indicated by the R2D, the indicated first repetition factor is applied to all subsequent D2R transmissions indicated by the R2D.

[0172] <Proposal 0-3: Repetition Option 3> In option 3, the repetition factor is determined based on the assigned time domain resources. In option 3, the device determines the repetition factor based on the assigned time domain resources and transmits blocks with block-level repetition of the determined repetition factor in the assigned time domain resources.

[0173] For example, the repetition factor is determined based on the relationship between the size of the allocated time domain resource and the size of the data (or block, or message) that the device intends to transmit. In the following, an example is shown in which the resource size and the block size are expressed in chip units, but the present disclosure is not limited thereto. For example, the resource size and the block size may be expressed in other units such as bits, symbols, blocks, or specific time units.

[0174] Example 1: If the time domain resource can accommodate 100 chips and a device intends to transmit data having 100 chips, the repetition factor is determined to be zero.

[0175] Example 2: If a time domain resource can accommodate 500 chips, but a device intends to transmit data having only 100 chips, the repetition factor is determined to be 5. Here, the repetition factor of 5 may be regarded as the maximum repetition factor. That is, if a time domain resource can accommodate 500 chips, but a device intends to transmit data having only 100 chips, a repetition factor of 5 or less may be applied.

[0176] Example 3: If the time domain resource can accommodate 500 chips, but a device intends to transmit data having only 150 chips, three times repetition and partial repetition or partial padding are applied. For example, three times repetition uses 450 chips of the time domain resource, so the remaining 50 chips of the time domain resource are used for partial repetition of 50 chips of the 150 chip data. Alternatively, three times repetition uses 450 chips of the time domain resource, so the remaining 50 chips of the time domain resource are padded.

[0177] Of the three options for the repetition factor, different options may be applied depending on the message type. In other words, different options may be applied for each message type, or the same option may be applied for each message type.

[0178] For example, in a case where the above option 1 is applied to Msg1 and the above option 2 is applied to D2R transmissions other than Msg1, the repetition factor for D2R transmissions other than Msg1 is specified, while the repetition factor for Msg1 is always a fixed number in the specification.

[0179] As described above, Proposals 0-3 allow appropriate repetition factor determination for each message type, enabling appropriate application of block-level repetition, thereby reducing resource consumption for block transmission and improving communication quality through repetition.

[0180] In Proposal 0, as an example of operation, a device determines whether to apply repetition to blocks of a specific signal, and if it decides to apply repetition, transmits multiple blocks after applying repetition. Note that the specific signal is at least one of Msg1, Msg3, and a D2R transmission corresponding to an R2D command, as shown in Proposal 0-1 above.

[0181] <Proposal 1> In Rel-19 A-IoT, it was agreed that a midamble may be transmitted for D2R. A midamble is an example of a reference signal that is added to a signal (e.g., PDRCH) transmitted in D2R other than at the beginning. However, the midamble may be added to the beginning or end of the signal. Also, the midamble may be replaced with a secondary amble. Whether to transmit a midamble may be determined based on the number of "information bits" of D2R.

[0182] However, it is not clear how to interpret "information bits" when repetition is applied. For example, it is not clear whether the information bits represent the number of bits in one block or the number of bits transmitted in one PDRCH. If it is not clear how to interpret "information bits," a mismatch occurs between the reader and the device regarding whether to transmit midambles and / or the number of midambles. This mismatch may cause the midamble to be inappropriately received, resulting in a failure in the reception process of the entire block to which repetition is applied.

[0183] Therefore, in Proposal 1, when D2R block level repetition is applied, it is explained how to determine whether to transmit midambles and, if midambles are transmitted, how to determine the number of midambles.

[0184] When block level repetition is applied, one of the following options applies for the number of midambles and / or the number of bits used to decide whether to transmit a midamble:

[0185] <Option 1 of Proposal 1> In Option 1, the "number of information bits" used to determine the number of midambles and / or whether to transmit midambles is the number of bits in one block. In other words, in Option 1, the "number of information bits" used to determine the number of midambles and / or whether to transmit midambles is the number of bits in one transport block. The number of bits in a transport block may be referred to as the transport block size (TBS). In Option 1, the device determines the number of midambles and / or whether to transmit midambles based on the number of bits in one block, and transmits the block in which the midambles are located based on the determination. Block level repetition may be applied in this transmission.

[0186] In option 1, the midamble is arranged within a block.

[0187] In option 1, whether to transmit a midamble is determined based on the number of information bits in one block. Whether to transmit a midamble may be determined based on the result of comparing the number of information bits in one block with a threshold. For example, if the number of information bits in one block is greater than X bits (X is an integer greater than or equal to 1), a midamble is transmitted. If the number of information bits in one block is not greater than X bits, a midamble is not transmitted.

[0188] In Option 1, the number of midambles is determined based on the number of information bits in one block. The number of midambles may be determined based on the result of comparing the number of information bits in one block with a threshold. Also, for example, the device determines the number of midambles by one or a combination of two or more of the following options. Note that in Option 1 of Proposal 1, the "number of information bits" in the following methods for determining the number of midambles refers to the number of bits in one block.

[0189] Note that in option 1, the definition of a block may correspond to one block to which the above-mentioned block-level repetition is applied.

[0190] <Option 1 for determining the number of midambles> In option 1, the number of midambles is explicitly indicated in the R2D control information. The number of midambles may be indicated from a set of predefined values.

[0191] <Option 2 for determining the number of midambles> In option 2, the number of midambles is based on the TBS / number of information bits / period / number of chips of the PDRCH.

[0192] For example, if the number of TBS / number of information bits / period / chips of the PDRCH is less than or equal to X1, the number of midambles is Y1. For example, if the number of TBS / number of information bits / period / chips of the PDRCH is greater than X1 and less than or equal to X2, the number of midambles is Y2.

[0193] <Option 3 for determining the number of midambles> In option 3, the number of midambles is based on the message type of the PDRCH, such as Msg.1 / Msg.3 / D2R in step C2.

[0194] For example, the number of midambles is Y1 for a certain message type A of the PDRCH, and for example, the number of midambles is Y2 for a certain message type B of the PDRCH.

[0195] <Option 4 for determining the number of midambles> In option 4, the number of midambles is based on the gap, which may be the gap between a D2R midamble and a D2R preamble, or the gap between two adjacent D2R midambles.

[0196] Note that only some of the options may be specified. Also, the options are not limited to those described above. Other options may be added. Different options may be defined for Type 1 D2R midambles and Type 2 D2R midambles. A Type 1 D2R midamble is a D2R midamble located in the middle of a PDRCH. A Type 2 D2R midamble is a D2R midamble located at the end of a PDRCH. Note that a midamble may also be referred to as a non-preamble, secondary preamble, secondary-amble, etc.

[0197] <Examples of combinations of methods for determining the number of midambles> As an example of a combination, the following alt.1-alt.3 are provided.

[0198] <Details of the combination of methods for determining the number of midambles: alt.1> If different options indicate different numbers of midambles, the device follows the instruction of the option with the higher priority. For example, if different numbers of midambles are indicated, such as R2D control information indicating one number of midambles and TBS / message type indicating another number of midambles, the device follows the instruction of the option with the higher priority.

[0199] The priority of options may be defined in the specification. · The priority of options may be different for different TBS / number of information bits / period / number of chips of PDRCH. · For different message types of D2R, the priority of options may be different. If options 2 / 3 / 4 are applied with high priority, the indication of R2D control information may be absent / ignored / reserved / used for other purposes.

[0200] Different substitutions may be applied to Type 1 and Type 2 D2R midambles.

[0201] A different priority of alt.1 may be applied to type 1 D2R midambles and type 2 D2R midambles.

[0202] <Details of the combination of methods for determining the number of midambles: alt.2> The number of midambles is explicitly indicated in the R2D control information. alt.2 can be seen as a variation of option 1.

[0203] The number of midambles may be dictated from a predefined set of values. · Different sets of values ​​may be predefined for different TBS / number of information bits / period / number of chips of the PDRCH. · Different sets of values ​​may be predefined for different message types of the PDRCH.

[0204] For example, if the number of TBS / information bits / period / chips of the PDRCH is equal to or less than X1, the number of midambles is indicated by {Y1, Y2}.

[0205] For example, if the number of TBS / number of information bits / period / number of chips of the PDRCH is greater than X1 and less than or equal to X2, the number of midambles is indicated by {Y3, Y4}.

[0206] For example, the number of midambles is indicated by {Y1, Y2} for a certain message type A of the PDRCH.

[0207] For example, the number of midambles is indicated by {Y3, Y4} for a certain message type B of the PDRCH.

[0208] <Details of Option 4 for determining the number of midambles 1> The following alt.1 and alt.2 are provided regarding whether the number of midambles determined by option 4 above includes a Type 2 D2R midamble.

[0209] <Details of option 4 of how to determine the number of midambles 1: alt.1> The number of gaps indicated is the number of Type 1 D2R midambles.

[0210] <Details of option 4 of how to determine the number of midambles 1:alt.2> The number of gaps indicated is the number of "type 1 D2R midambles + type 2 D2R midambles."

[0211] <Details of Option 4 of How to Determine the Number of Midambles 2> The number of D2R midambles is determined based on the gap and the TBS / number of information bits / period / number of chips of the PDRCH.

[0212] <Option 2 of Proposal 1> In option 2, the "number of information bits" used to determine the number of midambles and / or whether to transmit midambles is the number of bits transmitted in one PDRCH. In option 2, the device determines the number of midambles and / or whether to transmit midambles based on the number of bits transmitted in one PDRCH, and transmits the PDRCH in which the midambles are arranged based on the determination. Block level repetition may be applied in this transmission.

[0213] In option 2, whether to transmit a midamble is determined based on the total number of information bits after block-level repetition is applied. Whether to transmit a midamble may be determined based on the result of comparing the total number of information bits after block-level repetition is applied with a threshold. For example, if the total number of information bits in the repeated block is greater than X bits (X is an integer greater than or equal to 1), a midamble is transmitted. If the total number of information bits in the repeated block is not greater than X bits, a midamble is not transmitted.

[0214] In option 2, the number of midambles is determined based on the total number of information bits after block-level repetition is applied.

[0215] The method for determining the number of midambles in Option 2 of Proposal 1 may be the same as the method for determining the number of midambles shown in Option 1 of Proposal 1. However, the "number of information bits" in the method for determining the number of midambles shown in Option 1 of Proposal 1 above is the number of bits in one block in Option 1 of Proposal 1 above, but is the number of bits transmitted in one PDRCH in Option 2 of Proposal 1 above.

[0216] In option 2, the midamble may be placed between or within the blocks of multiple blocks after repetition has been applied.

[0217] <Variation 1 of Proposal 1> In Variation 1 of Proposal 1, when block-level repetition is applied, a midamble is transmitted, for example, when block-level repetition is applied, regardless of the number of information bits in one block and / or the total number of information bits after block-level repetition is applied.

[0218] <Variation 2 of Proposal 1> Variation 2 of Proposal 1 describes the location of the midamble when block-level repetition is applied.

[0219] Fig. 14 is a diagram showing an example of adding a midamble in Proposal 1. Fig. 14 shows examples of two options, option 1 and option 2, which are variations of Proposal 1. In Fig. 14, "block" indicates one block, and "mid" indicates a midamble. In the example of Fig. 14, block level repetition is applied six times to one block.

[0220] In option 1 of variation 2 of proposal 1, a midamble is transmitted in each block. As shown in option 1 of FIG. 14, a midamble is added between each block.

[0221] In the case of option 1 of variation 2 of proposal 1, the number of midambles is determined based on the number of blocks, which corresponds to the repetition factor.

[0222] In Option 2 of Variation 2 of Proposal 1, a midamble is transmitted in units of multiple blocks. The number of blocks corresponding to one midamble may be specified in the specifications, may be predefined in the system, or may be indicated by the R2D. The number of blocks corresponding to one midamble may be the number of blocks contained between two adjacent midambles, or may be the number of blocks existing from one midamble to the next. In the example of Option 2 in FIG. 14, a midamble is transmitted in units of two blocks. In other words, in the example of Option 2 in FIG. 14, the number of blocks corresponding to one midamble is two.

[0223] In the case of Option 2 of Variation 2 of Proposal 1, the number of midambles is determined based on the number of blocks and the number of blocks corresponding to one midamble. The number of blocks corresponds to the repetition factor.

[0224] Variation 2 of proposal 1 may be combined with Variation 1 of proposal 1, or with other options or variations of proposal 1. For example, when Option 1 of Variation 2 of proposal 1 is combined with Variation 1 of proposal 1, a midamble is always transmitted for each block when block level repetition is applied. Also, when Option 2 of Variation 2 of proposal 1 is combined with Variation 1 of proposal 1, a midamble is always transmitted for each multiple block when block level repetition is applied.

[0225] In Proposal 1, as an example of operation, when a device determines to apply repetition, it determines whether to add a reference signal (e.g., a midamble) based on the size (e.g., the number of information bits) of multiple blocks after the repetition is applied. Also, as an example of operation, when a device determines to apply repetition, it determines whether to add a reference signal (e.g., a midamble) based on the size (e.g., the number of information bits) of one block before the repetition is applied.

[0226] As described above, according to Proposal 1, by applying any of the above-described options and / or variations, it is possible to clarify how to determine whether to transmit midambles and, if so, how to determine the number of midambles when D2R block level repetition is applied. This makes it possible to appropriately determine whether to transmit midambles and the number of midambles when D2R block level repetition is applied, thereby enabling appropriate time synchronization, frequency synchronization, and the like based on midambles, enabling reception of blocks to which midambles have been added, and suppressing an increase in midamble overhead.

[0227] Note that different options may be applied to whether to transmit a midamble and the number of midambles in Proposal 1. For example, in a case where Option 1 of Proposal 1 is applied to whether to transmit a midamble and Option 2 of Proposal 1 is applied to the number of midambles, the "number of information bits" used to determine whether to transmit a midamble is the number of bits in one block, and the "number of information bits" used to determine the number of midambles is the number of bits transmitted in one PDRCH.

[0228] <Proposal 2> Proposal 2 explains the relationship between block-level repetition and CRC.

[0229] As mentioned above, block-level repetition is defined in TR38.769. According to this definition, block level means that all bits received from the upper layer and / or physical layer are repeated R block times. For example, if a CRC is used, all bits received from the upper layer and / or physical layer after CRC attachment are repeated R block times.

[0230] It has also been agreed that one or both of the following two options will be supported for determining whether or not to use a CRC: Option 1: A threshold Y for the number of information bits is specified. If the number of information bits is Y bits or less, no CRC is added. Note that the threshold Y is selected from 16, 8, or 6. Option 2: A specified condition is defined, for example, if the device receives a PRDCH that triggers random access, it sends a PDRCH of Msg1.

[0231] According to the above definition, it is assumed that a CRC is attached to each block, however, the present disclosure is not limited to attaching a CRC to each block.

[0232] Based on the definition of block-level repetition in TR38.769, it is assumed that the length of the CRC and / or whether to apply the CRC may be determined based on the number of bits in one block.

[0233] On the other hand, even if a CRC is not applied to each block, for example because the block size is smaller than Y bits, the number of bits after repetition may be greater than Y. In such cases, it is beneficial to apply a CRC to multiple blocks.

[0234] Fig. 15 is a diagram showing an example of the assumption of Proposal 2. Fig. 15 shows an example of adding a CRC to a block after three repetitions. In the example of Fig. 15, the number of bits in one block is not greater than Y bits, so a CRC is not added, but the number of bits in the block after repetition is greater than Y bits, so a CRC is added.

[0235] Therefore, in Proposal 2, we show the relationship between the decision on whether to apply a CRC, the decision on the CRC length, and block-level repetition.

[0236] When block-level repetition is applied, whether to apply a CRC and / or the length of the CRC may be determined based on the number of information bits. Regarding whether to apply a CRC and / or the number of information bits used to determine the length of the CRC, one of the following options is applied:

[0237] <Option 1 of Proposal 2> In option 1, the number of information bits used to determine whether to apply a CRC represents the number of bits in one block before repetition. For example, the device determines whether to apply a CRC based on the number of bits in one block before repetition, and if it determines to apply a CRC, transmits a signal (e.g., a block) with a CRC attached. Block-level repetition may be applied in this transmission.

[0238] In option 1, whether to apply a CRC may be determined based on the result of comparing the number of information bits in a block with a threshold. For example, if the number of information bits in a block is greater than Y bits, a CRC is applied. If the number of information bits in a block is not greater than Y bits, a CRC is not applied.

[0239] <Option 2 of Proposal 2> In option 2, the number of information bits used to determine whether to apply a CRC represents the number of bits in the multiple blocks after repetition. For example, the device determines whether to apply a CRC based on the number of bits in the multiple blocks after repetition, and if it determines to apply a CRC, transmits a signal (e.g., a block) with the CRC attached.

[0240] In option 2, whether to apply a CRC may be determined based on the result of comparing the number of information bits of the plurality of blocks with a threshold. If the number of information bits of the plurality of blocks is greater than Y bits, a CRC is applied. If the number of information bits of the plurality of blocks is not greater than Y bits, a CRC is not applied. Note that the plurality of blocks here are blocks after repetition, and the number of the plurality of blocks may correspond to the repetition factor.

[0241] In option 2, a CRC may or may not be added to each of the multiple blocks.

[0242] In Option 2, the number of blocks used to determine whether to apply a CRC may be specified in the specifications, predefined in the system, or indicated by the R2D. For example, the number of blocks used to determine whether to apply a CRC may correspond to the number of blocks transmitted in one PDRCH. Alternatively, the number of blocks used to determine whether to apply a CRC may correspond to the number of repetitions.

[0243] <Combination of Option 1 and Option 2 in Proposal 2> Options 1 and 2 of Proposal 2 may be combined.

[0244] In the first example of the combination, option 2 is applied only if a CRC is not applied to each block. In the first example, option 2 is not applied if a CRC is applied to each block. That is, if a CRC is applied to each block, a CRC does not need to be applied to multiple blocks after repetition.

[0245] In a second example combination, option 2 is applied even when a CRC is applied to each block. In the second example, if a CRC is applied to each block, a CRC may also be applied to multiple blocks after repetition. Alternatively, in the second example, if a CRC is not applied to each block, a CRC may be applied to multiple blocks after repetition. That is, regardless of whether a CRC is applied to each block, a CRC may be applied to multiple blocks after repetition.

[0246] <Option 3 of Proposal 2> In option 3, the number of information bits used to determine the length of a CRC when a CRC is applied represents the number of bits in one block before repetition. For example, a device determines the length of a CRC based on the number of bits in one block before repetition, and transmits a signal (e.g., a block) to which a CRC of the determined length has been added. Block-level repetition may be applied in this transmission.

[0247] In option 3, the length of the CRC may be determined based on the result of comparing the number of information bits in one block with a threshold. For example, if the number of information bits in one block is greater than Y bits, a 16-bit CRC is applied. If the number of information bits in one block is not greater than Y bits, a 6-bit CRC is applied. Note that, although an example in which the CRC length is either 16 bits or 6 bits is shown here, the present disclosure is not limited to this. CRCs of other lengths may also be used.

[0248] <Option 4 of Proposal 2> In option 4, the number of information bits used to determine the length of a CRC when one is applied represents the number of bits in the multiple blocks after repetition. For example, a device determines the length of a CRC based on the number of bits in the multiple blocks after repetition, and transmits a signal (e.g., a block) with a CRC of the determined length attached.

[0249] In option 4, the length of the CRC may be determined based on the result of comparing the number of information bits of the plurality of blocks with a threshold. If the number of information bits of the plurality of blocks is greater than Y bits, a 16-bit CRC is applied. If the number of information bits of the plurality of blocks is not greater than Y bits, a 6-bit CRC is applied. Note that the plurality of blocks here are blocks after repetition, and the number of the plurality of blocks may correspond to the repetition factor.

[0250] In option 4, a CRC may or may not be added to each of the multiple blocks.

[0251] In Option 4, the number of blocks used to determine the CRC length may be specified in the specification, predefined in the system, or indicated by the R2D. For example, the number of blocks used to determine the CRC length may correspond to the number of blocks transmitted in one PDRCH. Alternatively, the number of blocks used to determine the CRC length may correspond to the number of repetitions.

[0252] As described above, according to Proposal 2, by applying any of the above-mentioned options and / or variations, it is possible to clarify whether to apply a CRC when D2R block level repetition is applied, and if so, how to determine the length of the CRC. This allows appropriate determination of whether to apply a CRC and the length of the CRC when D2R block level repetition is applied, thereby enabling appropriate error detection based on the CRC and suppressing an increase in CRC overhead.

[0253] In Proposal 2, as an example of an operation, when a device decides to apply repetition, it determines whether to add a CRC based on the size of multiple blocks after repetition has been applied. Alternatively, in Proposal 2, as an example of an operation, when a device decides to apply repetition, it determines whether to add a CRC based on the size of a single block before repetition has been applied.

[0254] <Proposal 3> Proposal 3 explains the relationship between block-level repetition and segmentation.

[0255] For D2R, in addition to block-level repetition, segmentation may be applied to transmit one higher layer message.

[0256] However, it remains to be seen whether a combination of segmentation and block-level repetition is applicable.

[0257] For example, if segmentation and repetition are both applied simultaneously to D2R, the complexity of the device and / or reader may increase, and supporting a combination of segmentation and block-level repetition may not be allowed by the specification or may depend on the device's capabilities.

[0258] Also, if a combination of segmentation and block-level repetition is supported, the order of sending segments and repetition must be coordinated between the reader and device. Without coordination, the reader may not be able to receive D2R correctly. For example, if segmentation is applied in which one block is segmented into two segments, "seg1" and "seg2," and three repetitions are applied, the order of the segments must be coordinated to be either "seg1," "seg1," "seg1," "seg2," "seg2," or "seg1," "seg2," "seg1," "seg2."

[0259] Therefore, in Proposal 3, we explain how to determine the transmission order of segments when a combination of segmentation and block-level repetition is supported.

[0260] In Proposal 3, whether repetition and segmentation are applied simultaneously may be specified in the specification or may be predefined in the system, or alternatively, whether repetition and segmentation are applied simultaneously may be dictated by the R2D or may depend on the device's capabilities.

[0261] In Proposal 3, one of the following options for the order of segmentation and repetition is applied:

[0262] <Option 1 of Proposal 3> In option 1 of proposal 3, repetition is applied segment by segment, i.e., first repetition of a given segment is performed, then repetition of subsequent segments is performed.

[0263] FIG. 16 is a diagram showing an example of option 1 of proposal 3. FIG. 16 shows examples of option 1 of proposal 3 and multiple further options for option 1. FIG. 16 shows an example of option 1 of proposal 3 and multiple further options for option 1 when two repetitions and segmentation in which one block is divided into three segments, segment #1 to segment #3, are applied. Note that information identifying multiple segments is called segment indexes. In the example of FIG. 16, #1 to #3 correspond to segment indexes.

[0264] In the case of option 1 in Figure 16, repetition is applied to each of segments #1 to #3, i.e., segment #1 is repeated twice, followed by segment #2 being repeated twice, and segment #3 being repeated twice.

[0265] Below, we will explain several options for the relationship between PDRCH and segments when Option 1 of Proposal 3 is applied.

[0266] <Option 1-1 of Proposal 3> In option 1-1, one segment may be transmitted in one PDRCH. In the case of option 1-1 in FIG. 16, the six segments shown in option 1 in FIG. 16 are transmitted in that order in different PDRCHs. In the case of option 1-1 in FIG. 16, each of the segments #1 repeated twice is transmitted in a different PDRCH. Thereafter, similar to segment #1, segment #2 repeated twice and segment #3 repeated twice are each transmitted in a different PDRCH.

[0267] <Option 1-2 of Proposal 3> In option 1-2, multiple segments may be transmitted in one PDRCH. In the case of option 1-2 in FIG. 16, the first three of the six segments shown in option 1 in FIG. 16 are transmitted in one PDRCH, and then the remaining three of the six segments are transmitted in another PDRCH. In the case of option 1-2 in FIG. 16, segment #1, which is repeated twice, and the first of segment #2, which is repeated twice, are transmitted in one PDRCH. Then, the second of segment #2, which is repeated twice, and segment #3, which is repeated twice, are transmitted in one PDRCH.

[0268] In addition, in Option 1-2 of Proposal 3, at least one of the two options is applied to a segment transmitted in one PDRCH.

[0269] <Option 1-2-1 of Proposal 3> In option 1-2-1, repeated segments for a given segment index may be transmitted in one PDRCH. In this case, multiple segments included in one PDRCH have a common index. For example, one PDRCH does not include segments with different indices. In the case of option 1-2-1 in FIG. 16, multiple segments with a common index are transmitted in one PDRCH. In the case of option 1-2-1 in FIG. 16, segment #1, which is repeated twice, is transmitted in one PDRCH. Then, segment #2, which is repeated twice, is transmitted in one PDRCH, and segment #3, which is repeated twice, is transmitted in one PDRCH.

[0270] <Option 1-2-2 of Proposal 3> In option 1-2-2, multiple repeated segments for a given segment index may be transmitted in one PDRCH. In this case, multiple segments included in one PDRCH do not need to have a common index. For example, segments with different indexes may be included in one PDRCH. In the case of option 1-2-2 in Figure 16, segment #1, which is repeated twice, and segment #2, which is repeated twice, are transmitted in one PDRCH. Then, segment #3, which is repeated twice, is transmitted in one PDRCH.

[0271] <Option 2 of Proposal 3> In option 2 of proposal 3, repetition is applied per upper layer payload, which may correspond to a block, e.g., each segment without repetition is sent first, followed by message repetition.

[0272] Fig. 17 is a diagram showing an example of option 2 of proposal 3. Fig. 17 shows example of option 2 of proposal 3 and several further options for option 2. Fig. 17 shows example of option 2 of proposal 3 and several further options for option 2 when two repetitions and segmentation in which one block is divided into three segments, segment #1 to segment #3, are applied.

[0273] In the case of option 2 in FIG. 17, three segments, segments #1 to #3, with no repetition are transmitted, and then segments #1 to #3 corresponding to repetition are transmitted.

[0274] Below, we will explain several options for the relationship between PDRCH and segments when Option 2 of Proposal 3 is applied.

[0275] <Option 2-1 of Proposal 3> In option 2-1, one segment may be transmitted in one PDRCH. In the case of option 2-1 in Fig. 17, the six segments shown in option 2 in Fig. 17 are transmitted in that order in different PDRCHs. In the case of option 2-1 in Fig. 17, three segments, segments #1 to #3, which do not have repetition, are transmitted one by one in different PDRCHs, and then segments #1 to #3 corresponding to repetition are transmitted one by one in different PDRCHs.

[0276] <Option 2-2 of Proposal 3> In option 2-2, multiple segments may be transmitted in one PDRCH. In the case of option 2-2 in FIG. 17, the first and second of the six segments shown in option 2 in FIG. 17 are transmitted in one PDRCH, then the third and fourth of the six segments are transmitted in another PDRCH, and then the fifth and sixth of the six segments are transmitted in yet another PDRCH. In the case of option 2-2 in FIG. 17, non-repetition segment #1 and segment #2 are transmitted in one PDRCH. Then, non-repetition segment #3 and segment #1 corresponding to the second repetition are transmitted in one PDRCH. Then, second repetition segment #2 and segment #3 are transmitted in one PDRCH.

[0277] <Option 2-2-1 of Proposal 3> In option 2-2-1, one higher layer payload may be transmitted in one PDRCH. In the case of option 2-2-1 in Fig. 17, multiple segments corresponding to one higher layer payload are transmitted in one PDRCH, and then multiple segments corresponding to one repetition of the higher layer payload are transmitted in one PDRCH. In the case of option 2-2-1 in Fig. 17, segments #1 to #3 are transmitted in one PDRCH. Then, segments #1 to #3 corresponding to the repetition are transmitted in one PDRCH.

[0278] <Option 2-2-2 of Proposal 3> In option 2-2-2, multiple blocks divided into multiple segments may be transmitted in one PDRCH. In this case, multiple segments included in one PDRCH do not need to have a common index. For example, one PDRCH may include segments with different indexes. In the case of option 2-2-2 in FIG. 17, a total of six segments, segments #1 to #3, which are repeated twice, are transmitted in one PDRCH.

[0279] <Proposal 3, Option 3> In Option 3 of Proposal 3, repetition is applied to some of the multiple segments on a segment-by-segment basis, and to the remaining segments, repetition is applied in multiple-segment units.

[0280] Fig. 18 is a diagram showing an example of option 3 of proposal 3. Fig. 18 shows an example in which option 3 of proposal 3 is applied when two repetitions and segmentation in which one block is divided into three segments, segment #1 to segment #3, are applied.

[0281] In the example of Fig. 18, segment #1 and segment #2 are repetitioned twice in units of these. Also, segment #3 is repetitioned twice in units of one segment. Also, in the example of Fig. 18, segment #1 and segment #2 to which two repetitions are applied are transmitted in one PDRCH, and segment #3 to which two repetitions are applied is transmitted in one PDRCH.

[0282] In Option 3 of Proposal 3, as illustrated in Figure 18, repeated segments for a given segment index are not transmitted in different PDRCHs. That is, multiple segments included in one PDRCH may have different indices, but segments with a common index are not included separately in two or more PDRCHs. In the example of Figure 18, segment #1 and segment #2 are included only in the first PDRCH, and segment #3 is included only in the second PDRCH.

[0283] According to the above-mentioned Proposal 3, by applying any of the above-mentioned options and / or variations, the transmission order of segments can be properly ordered when a combination of segmentation and block-level repetition is supported, so that the order of transmission of segments and repetition is coordinated between the reader and the device, allowing the reader to receive D2R correctly.

[0284] The order of segmentation and repetition may be specified in the specification, specified by R2D, or determined by a predefined rule. For example, if the number of bits in one segment is greater than XX, option 1-1 of Proposal 3 is applied.

[0285] In Proposal 3, as an example of operation, when a device decides to apply repetition, and when segmentation is applied in which a block is divided into multiple parts (e.g., segments), the device applies repetition on a part-by-part basis, or alternatively applies repetition on a block-by-block basis.

[0286] <Device configuration> Next, the configurations of the base station 10 and the device 20 will be described. Note that the configurations of the base station 10 and the device 20 described below are examples of functions related to the present embodiment. The base station 10 and the device 20 may have functions not shown. Furthermore, the functional divisions and / or names of the functional units are not limited as long as the functions perform the operations related to the present embodiment.

[0287] <Base station configuration> 19 is a block diagram showing an example of the configuration of a base station 10 according to an embodiment. The base station 10 includes, for example, a transmitting unit 101, a receiving unit 102, and a control unit 103. The base station 10 communicates with a device 20 (see FIG. 20) wirelessly. The base station 10 may be a terminal (an intermediate UE communicating with the device 20) or a CW node.

[0288] The transmitter 101 transmits a downlink (DL) signal to the device 20. For example, the transmitter 101 transmits the DL signal under the control of the controller 103.

[0289] The DL signal may include, for example, a downlink data signal and control information (e.g., DCI (Downlink Control Information)). The DL signal may also include information indicating scheduling related to signal transmission of the device 20 (e.g., an UL grant). The DL signal may also include control information of higher layers (e.g., control information of RRC (Radio Resource Control)). The DL signal may also include a reference signal.

[0290] The channels used for transmitting DL signals include, for example, a data channel and a control channel. For example, the data channel may include a PDSCH (Physical Downlink Shared Channel), and the control channel may include a PDCCH (Physical Downlink Control Channel). For example, the base station 10 transmits control information to the device 20 using the PDCCH and transmits downlink data signals using the PDSCH.

[0291] The reference signals included in the DL signal may include at least one of, for example, a Demodulation Reference Signal (DMRS), a Phase Tracking Reference Signal (PTRS), a Channel State Information-Reference Signal (CSI-RS), a Sounding Reference Signal (SRS), and a Positioning Reference Signal (PRS) for position information. For example, reference signals such as the DMRS and PTRS are used for demodulating downlink data signals and are transmitted using the PDSCH.

[0292] The receiving unit 102 receives an uplink (UL) signal transmitted from the device 20. For example, the receiving unit 102 receives the UL signal under the control of the control unit 103.

[0293] The control unit 103 controls the communication operations of the base station 10, including the transmission processing of the transmission unit 101 and the reception processing of the reception unit 102. For example, the control unit 103 performs operations other than the transmission and reception described in the above embodiment (note that these operations may be performed by the reception unit 102 and / or the transmission unit 101).

[0294] For example, the control unit 103 acquires information such as data and control information from the upper layer and outputs it to the transmitting unit 101. The control unit 103 also outputs the data, control information, etc. received from the receiving unit 102 to the upper layer.

[0295] For example, the control unit 103 allocates resources (or channels) used for transmitting and receiving DL signals and / or resources used for transmitting and receiving UL signals based on a signal (e.g., data and control information, etc.) received from the device 20 and / or data and control information, etc. acquired from a higher layer. Information on the allocated resources may be included in control information transmitted to the device 20.

[0296] The control unit 103 configures PUCCH resources as an example of allocation of resources used for transmitting and receiving UL signals. Information related to PUCCH configuration such as a PUCCH cell timing pattern (PUCCH configuration information) may be notified to the device 20 by RRC.

[0297] Here, the transmitting unit 101 and the receiving unit 102 (which may be collectively referred to as a communication unit) communicate with the device 20.

[0298] For example, when the device 20 performs repetition, the communication unit of the base station 10 (an example of a wireless communication device) receives multiple blocks after the repetition has been applied.

[0299] Also, for example, the communication unit may use the above time resources to perform communication involving A-IoT devices.

[0300] <Device configuration> 20 is a block diagram showing an example of a configuration of a device 20 according to an embodiment. The device 20 includes, for example, a receiving unit 201, a transmitting unit 202, and a control unit 203. The device 20 communicates with, for example, a base station 10 wirelessly. The device 20 may be a terminal (for example, an intermediate UE) or a CW node.

[0301] The receiving unit 201 receives a DL signal transmitted from the base station 10. For example, the receiving unit 201 receives the DL signal under the control of the control unit 203.

[0302] The transmitter 202 transmits the UL signal to the base station 10. For example, the transmitter 202 transmits the UL signal under the control of the controller 203.

[0303] The UL signal may include, for example, an uplink data signal and control information (e.g., UCI (Uplink Control Information)). For example, information related to the processing capability of the device 20 (e.g., A-IoT capability) may be included. The UL signal may also include a reference signal.

[0304] The channels used for transmitting UL signals include, for example, a data channel and a control channel. For example, the data channel may include a PUSCH (Physical Uplink Shared Channel), and the control channel may include a PUCCH (Physical Uplink Control Channel). For example, the device 20 transmits control information from the base station 10 using the PUCCH and transmits uplink data signals using the PUSCH.

[0305] The reference signals included in the UL signal may include, for example, at least one of DMRS, PTRS, CSI-RS, SRS, and PRS. For example, the reference signals such as DMRS and PTRS are used for demodulating the uplink data signal and are transmitted using an uplink channel (for example, PUSCH).

[0306] The control unit 203 controls communication operations of the device 20, including reception processing in the receiving unit 201 and transmission processing in the transmitting unit 202. For example, the control unit 203 performs operations other than the transmission and reception described in the above embodiment (note that these operations may be performed by the receiving unit 201 and / or the transmitting unit 202).

[0307] For example, the control unit 203 acquires information such as data and control information from a higher layer and outputs it to the transmitting unit 202. Also, the control unit 203 outputs, for example, the data and control information received from the receiving unit 201 to the higher layer.

[0308] For example, the control unit 203 controls transmission of information to be fed back to the base station 10. The information to be fed back to the base station 10 may include, for example, HARQ ACK / NACK, may include Channel State Information (CSI), or may include a Scheduling Request (SR). The information to be fed back to the base station 10 may be included in UCI. The UCI is transmitted, for example, in PUCCH resources.

[0309] Control unit 203 configures PUCCH resources based on configuration information (for example, configuration information such as a PUCCH cell timing pattern and / or DCI notified by RRC) received from base station 10. Control unit 203 determines PUCCH resources to be used for transmitting information to be fed back to base station 10. Under the control of control unit 203, transmission unit 202 transmits the information to be fed back to base station 10 in the PUCCH resources determined by control unit 203.

[0310] Note that the channel used for transmitting the DL signal and the channel used for transmitting the UL signal are not limited to the above-mentioned examples. For example, the channel used for transmitting the DL signal and the channel used for transmitting the UL signal may include a Random Access Channel (RACH) and a Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH). The RACH may be used to transmit DCI including a Random Access Radio Network Temporary Identifier (RA-RNTI), for example.

[0311] Here, the receiving unit 201 and the transmitting unit 202 (which may be collectively referred to as a communication unit) communicate with the network, such as the base station 10 and intermediate UE.

[0312] For example, the control unit 203 of the device 20 determines whether to apply repetition to a block of a particular signal. If it determines to apply repetition, the transmission unit 203 transmits the multiple blocks after the repetition has been applied.

[0313] When it is determined that repetition is to be applied, the control unit 203 may determine whether to add a reference signal (for example, a midamble) based on the size of multiple blocks after repetition is applied or the size of one block before repetition is applied. When it is determined that repetition is to be applied, the control unit 203 may determine whether to add a CRC based on the size of multiple blocks after repetition is applied or the size of one block before repetition is applied. When it is determined that repetition is to be applied and a block is divided into multiple parts, the control unit 203 applies repetition on a part-by-part basis or on a block-by-block basis.

[0314] The present disclosure has been described above. Note that the division of items in the above description is not essential to the present disclosure, and items described in two or more items may be used in combination as needed, and items described in one item may be applied to items described in another item (unless they are inconsistent).

[0315] <Hardware configuration, etc.> The block diagrams used to explain the above embodiments show functional blocks. These functional blocks (components) are realized by any combination of hardware and / or software. Furthermore, the method for realizing each functional block is not particularly limited. That is, each functional block may be realized using a single device that is physically or logically coupled, or may be realized using two or more physically or logically separated devices that are connected directly or indirectly (for example, by wire, wirelessly, etc.) and these multiple devices. The functional block may also be realized by combining the single device or the multiple devices with software.

[0316] Functions include, but are not limited to, judgment, determination, judgment, calculation, computation, processing, derivation, investigation, search, confirmation, reception, transmission, output, access, resolution, selection, election, establishment, comparison, assumption, expectation, deeming, broadcasting, notifying, communicating, forwarding, configuring, reconfiguring, allocating, mapping, and assignment. For example, a functional block (component) that performs transmission is called a transmitting unit or transmitter. As mentioned above, there are no particular limitations on how these functions are implemented.

[0317] For example, a base station, a device, etc. according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may function as a computer that performs processing of the wireless communication method of the present disclosure. Fig. 21 is a diagram showing an example of the hardware configuration of a base station and a device according to the embodiment. The above-described base station 10 and device 20 may be physically configured as a computer including a processor 1001, a memory 1002, a storage 1003, a communication device 1004, an input device 1005, an output device 1006, a bus 1007, etc.

[0318] In the following description, the term "apparatus" can be interpreted as a circuit, a device, a unit, etc. The hardware configuration of the base station 10 and the device 20 may be configured to include one or more of the apparatuses shown in the drawings, or may be configured to exclude some of the apparatuses.

[0319] Each function in the base station 10 and the device 20 is realized by loading predetermined software (programs) onto hardware such as the processor 1001 and the memory 1002, causing the processor 1001 to perform calculations, control communication by the communication device 1004, and control at least one of reading and writing data in the memory 1002 and the storage 1003.

[0320] The processor 1001 controls the entire computer by running, for example, an operating system. The processor 1001 may be configured by a central processing unit (CPU) including an interface with peripheral devices, a control device, an arithmetic unit, a register, etc. For example, the above-mentioned control unit 103 and control unit 203 may be realized by the processor 1001.

[0321] Furthermore, the processor 1001 reads programs (program codes), software modules, data, etc. from at least one of the storage 1003 and the communication device 1004 into the memory 1002 and executes various processes in accordance with these. The programs used are those that cause a computer to execute at least some of the operations described in the above-described embodiments. For example, the control unit 103 of the base station 10 and the control unit 203 of the device 20 may be implemented by a control program stored in the memory 1002 and running on the processor 1001, and similar implementations may be made for other functional blocks. While the above-described various processes have been described as being executed by one processor 1001, they may also be executed simultaneously or sequentially by two or more processors 1001. The processor 1001 may be implemented by one or more chips. The programs may be transmitted from a network via a telecommunications line.

[0322] The memory 1002 is a computer-readable recording medium and may be configured, for example, by at least one of a read-only memory (ROM), an erasable programmable ROM (EPROM), an electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM), a random access memory (RAM), etc. The memory 1002 may also be called a register, a cache, a main memory (primary storage device), etc. The memory 1002 can store executable programs (program codes), software modules, etc. for implementing a wireless communication method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0323] Storage 1003 is a computer-readable recording medium, and may be composed of at least one of, for example, an optical disk such as a CD-ROM (Compact Disc ROM), a hard disk drive, a flexible disk, a magneto-optical disk (e.g., a compact disk, a digital versatile disk, a Blu-ray disc), a smart card, a flash memory (e.g., a card, a stick, a key drive), a floppy disk, a magnetic strip, etc. Storage 1003 may also be referred to as an auxiliary storage device. The above-mentioned storage medium may be, for example, a database, a server, or other appropriate medium including at least one of memory 1002 and storage 1003.

[0324] The communication device 1004 is hardware (transmission / reception device) for communicating between computers via at least one of a wired network and a wireless network, and is also referred to as, for example, a network device, a network controller, a network card, or a communication module. The communication device 1004 may be configured to include a high-frequency switch, a duplexer, a filter, a frequency synthesizer, etc. to realize at least one of frequency division duplex (FDD) and time division duplex (TDD). For example, the above-mentioned transmitter 101, receiver 102, receiver 201, transmitter 202, etc. may be realized by the communication device 1004.

[0325] The input device 1005 is an input device (for example, a keyboard, a mouse, a microphone, a switch, a button, a sensor, etc.) that receives input from the outside. The output device 1006 is an output device (for example, a display, a speaker, an LED lamp, etc.) that outputs to the outside. The input device 1005 and the output device 1006 may be integrated into one device (for example, a touch panel).

[0326] Furthermore, each device, such as the processor 1001 and the memory 1002, is connected by a bus 1007 for communicating information. The bus 1007 may be configured using a single bus, or may be configured using different buses for each device.

[0327] Furthermore, the base station 10 and the device 20 may be configured to include hardware such as a microprocessor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a programmable logic device (PLD), or a field programmable gate array (FPGA), and some or all of the functional blocks may be realized by the hardware. For example, the processor 1001 may be implemented using at least one of these pieces of hardware.

[0328] <Information notification, signaling> The notification of information is not limited to the embodiments described in the present disclosure, and may be performed using other methods. For example, the notification of information may be performed by physical layer signaling (e.g., Downlink Control Information (DCI), Uplink Control Information (UCI)), higher layer signaling (e.g., Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling, Medium Access Control (MAC) signaling, broadcast information (Master Information Block (MIB), System Information Block (SIB))), other signals, or a combination thereof. Furthermore, the RRC signaling may be referred to as an RRC message, and may be, for example, an RRC Connection Setup message, an RRC Connection Reconfiguration message, or the like.

[0329] <Applicable systems> The embodiments described in this disclosure are applicable to LTE (Long Term Evolution), LTE-Advanced (LTE-A), SUPER 3G, IMT-Advanced, 4G (4th generation mobile communication system), 5G (5th generation mobile communication system), 6G (6th generation mobile communication system), 7G (7th generation mobile communication system), 8G (8th generation mobile communication system), 9G (9th generation mobile communication system), 10G (10th generation mobile communication system), 11G (11th generation mobile communication system), 12G (12th generation mobile communication system), 13G (13th generation mobile communication system), 14G (14th generation mobile communication system), 15G (15th generation mobile communication system), 16G (16th generation mobile communication system), 17G (17th generation mobile communication system), 18G (18th generation mobile communication system), 19G (19th generation mobile communication system), 20G (20th generation mobile communication system), 21G (2 th The present invention may be applied to at least one of a system using a next-generation mobile communication system (6G), an xth-generation mobile communication system (xG) (xG (x is, for example, an integer or decimal point)), Future Radio Access (FRA), new Radio (NR), New radio access (NX), Future generation radio access (FX), W-CDMA (registered trademark), GSM (registered trademark), CDMA2000, Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB), IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX (registered trademark), IEEE 802.20, Ultra-Wideband (UWB), Bluetooth (registered trademark), or other appropriate system, and a next-generation system extended, modified, created, or defined based on these. Furthermore, a combination of multiple systems (e.g., a combination of at least one of LTE and LTE-A with 5G) may also be applied.

[0330] <Processing procedures, etc.> The order of the procedures, sequences, flowcharts, etc. of each aspect / embodiment described in this disclosure may be changed unless inconsistent. For example, the methods described in this disclosure present elements of various steps using an example order, and are not limited to the particular order presented.

[0331] <Base station operation> In the present disclosure, a specific operation described as being performed by a base station may be performed by its upper node in some cases. In a network consisting of one or more network nodes having a base station, it is clear that various operations performed for communication with a terminal may be performed by at least one of the base station and another network node other than the base station (for example, but not limited to, an MME or an S-GW). Although the above example illustrates a case where there is one other network node other than the base station, a combination of multiple other network nodes (for example, an MME and an S-GW) may also be used.

[0332] <Input / output direction> Information, etc. (see the section on information and signals) can be output from a higher layer (or a lower layer) to a lower layer (or a higher layer). It may also be input and output via multiple network nodes.

[0333] <Handling of input and output information> Input and output information may be stored in a specific location (for example, memory) or may be managed using a management table. Input and output information may be overwritten, updated, or added to. Output information may be deleted. Input information may be sent to another device.

[0334] <Judgment method> The determination may be made based on a value represented by one bit (0 or 1), a Boolean value (true or false), or a numerical comparison (e.g., comparison with a predetermined value).

[0335] <Variations of form, etc.> Each aspect / embodiment described in this disclosure may be used alone, in combination, or switched depending on the implementation. Furthermore, notification of predetermined information (e.g., notification that "X is true") is not limited to being done explicitly, but may be done implicitly (e.g., by not notifying the predetermined information).

[0336] Although the present disclosure has been described in detail above, it is clear to those skilled in the art that the present disclosure is not limited to the embodiments described herein. The present disclosure can be implemented in modified and altered forms without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure as defined by the claims. Therefore, the description of the present disclosure is intended to be illustrative and does not have any limiting meaning on the present disclosure.

[0337] <Software> Software shall be construed broadly to mean instructions, instruction sets, code, code segments, program code, programs, subprograms, software modules, applications, software applications, software packages, routines, subroutines, objects, executable files, threads of execution, procedures, functions, etc., whether referred to as software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description language, or otherwise.

[0338] Software, instructions, information, etc. may also be transmitted or received over a transmission medium. For example, if software is transmitted from a website, server, or other remote source using wired technologies (such as coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, Digital Subscriber Line (DSL)), and / or wireless technologies (such as infrared, microwave), then these wired and / or wireless technologies are included within the definition of transmission media.

[0339] <Information, Signals> The information, signals, etc. described in this disclosure may be represented using any of a variety of different technologies. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, chips, etc. that may be referred to throughout the above description may be represented by voltages, currents, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or magnetic particles, optical fields or photons, or any combination thereof.

[0340] Note that terms explained in this disclosure and terms necessary for understanding this disclosure may be replaced with terms having the same or similar meanings. For example, at least one of a channel and a symbol may be a signal (signaling). Furthermore, a signal may be a message. Furthermore, a component carrier (CC) may be called a carrier frequency, a cell, a frequency carrier, etc.

[0341] <System, Network> As used in this disclosure, the terms "system" and "network" are used interchangeably.

[0342] <parameter, channel name> Furthermore, the information, parameters, etc. described in the present disclosure may be expressed using absolute values, may be expressed using relative values ​​from a predetermined value, or may be expressed using other corresponding information. For example, a radio resource may be indicated by an index.

[0343] The names used for the above-described parameters are not intended to be limiting in any way. Furthermore, the mathematical expressions using these parameters may differ from those explicitly disclosed in this disclosure. The various channels (e.g., PUCCH, PDCCH, etc.) and information elements may be identified by any suitable names, and therefore the various names assigned to these various channels and information elements are not intended to be limiting in any way.

[0344] <Base station> In this disclosure, terms such as "base station (BS)," "radio base station," "fixed station," "NodeB," "eNodeB (eNB)," "gNodeB (gNB)," "access point," "transmission point," "reception point," "transmission / reception point," "cell," "sector," "cell group," "carrier," and "component carrier" may be used interchangeably. Base stations may also be referred to by terms such as macrocell, small cell, femtocell, and picocell.

[0345] A base station can accommodate one or more (e.g., three) cells. When a base station accommodates multiple cells, the overall coverage area of ​​the base station can be divided into multiple smaller areas, and each smaller area can be provided with communication service by a base station subsystem (e.g., a small indoor base station (RRH: Remote Radio Head)). The term "cell" or "sector" refers to a part or the entire coverage area of ​​a base station and / or base station subsystem that provides communication service within this coverage.

[0346] In the present disclosure, the base station transmitting information to a terminal may be interpreted as the base station instructing the terminal to control or operate based on the information.

[0347] <Mobile station> In this disclosure, the terms "Mobile Station (MS)," "user terminal," "User Equipment (UE)," "terminal," etc. may be used interchangeably.

[0348] A mobile station may also be referred to by those skilled in the art as a subscriber station, mobile unit, subscriber unit, wireless unit, remote unit, mobile device, wireless device, wireless communication device, remote device, mobile subscriber station, access terminal, mobile terminal, wireless terminal, remote terminal, handset, user agent, mobile client, client, or some other suitable terminology.

[0349] <Base station / mobile station> At least one of the base station and the mobile station may be referred to as a transmitting device, a receiving device, a communication device, etc. At least one of the base station and the mobile station may be a device mounted on a mobile object, the mobile object itself, etc. The mobile object refers to a movable object, and may move at any speed. Naturally, this also includes cases where the mobile object is stationary. Examples of the mobile object include, but are not limited to, vehicles, transport vehicles, automobiles, motorcycles, bicycles, connected cars, excavators, bulldozers, wheel loaders, dump trucks, forklifts, trains, buses, handcars, rickshaws, ships and other watercraft, airplanes, rockets, satellites, drones (registered trademark), multicopters, quadcopters, balloons, and devices mounted thereon. The mobile object may also be a mobile object that moves autonomously based on an operational command. It may be a vehicle (e.g., a car, an airplane, etc.), an unmanned mobile object (e.g., a drone, an autonomous vehicle, etc.), or a robot (manned or unmanned). At least one of the base station and the mobile station may be a device that does not necessarily move during communication operations. For example, at least one of the base station and the mobile station may be an IoT (Internet of Things) device such as a sensor.

[0350] Furthermore, a base station in the present disclosure may be read as a terminal. For example, the embodiments of the present disclosure may be applied to a configuration in which communication between a base station and a terminal is replaced with communication between multiple terminals (which may be called, for example, D2D (Device-to-Device) or V2X (Vehicle-to-Everything)). In this case, the device 20 may be configured to have the functions of the base station 10 described above. Furthermore, terms such as "uplink" and "downlink" may be read as terms corresponding to communication between terminals (for example, "side"). For example, terms such as an uplink channel and a downlink channel may be read as a side channel.

[0351] Similarly, the term "terminal" in the present disclosure may be interpreted as a base station, in which case the base station 10 may be configured to have the functions of the device 20 described above.

[0352] Fig. 22 shows an example configuration of a vehicle 2001. As shown in Fig. 22, the vehicle 2001 includes a drive unit 2002, a steering unit 2003, an accelerator pedal 2004, a brake pedal 2005, a shift lever 2006, front wheels 2007, rear wheels 2008, an axle 2009, an electronic control unit 2010, various sensors 2021 to 2029, an information service unit 2012, and a communication module 2013. Each aspect / embodiment described in the present disclosure may be applied to a communication device mounted on the vehicle 2001, and may be applied to the communication module 2013, for example.

[0353] The drive unit 2002 is configured, for example, by an engine, a motor, or a hybrid of an engine and a motor. The steering unit 2003 includes at least a steering wheel (also called a handle), and is configured to steer at least one of the front wheels and the rear wheels based on the operation of the steering wheel operated by the user.

[0354] The electronic control unit 2010 is composed of a microprocessor 2031, a memory (ROM, RAM) 2032, and a communication port (IO port) 2033. Signals are input to the electronic control unit 2010 from various sensors 2021 to 2029 provided in the vehicle 2001. The electronic control unit 2010 may also be called an ECU (Electronic Control Unit).

[0355] The signals from the various sensors 2021 to 2029 include a current signal from a current sensor 2021 that senses the current of the motor, a rotation speed signal of the front and rear wheels obtained by a rotation speed sensor 2022, an air pressure signal of the front and rear wheels obtained by an air pressure sensor 2023, a vehicle speed signal obtained by a vehicle speed sensor 2024, an acceleration signal obtained by an acceleration sensor 2025, an accelerator pedal depression amount signal obtained by an accelerator pedal sensor 2029, a brake pedal depression amount signal obtained by a brake pedal sensor 2026, a shift lever operation signal obtained by a shift lever sensor 2027, and a detection signal for detecting obstacles, vehicles, pedestrians, etc. obtained by an object detection sensor 2028.

[0356] The information service unit 2012 is composed of various devices, such as a car navigation system, an audio system, speakers, a television, and a radio, for providing (outputting) various information such as driving information, traffic information, and entertainment information, and one or more ECUs for controlling these devices. The information service unit 2012 uses information acquired from external devices via the communication module 2013, etc., to provide various multimedia information and multimedia services to the occupants of the vehicle 2001.

[0357] The information service unit 2012 may include input devices (e.g., keyboards, mice, microphones, switches, buttons, sensors, touch panels, etc.) that accept input from the outside, and may also include output devices (e.g., displays, speakers, LED lamps, touch panels, etc.) that output to the outside.

[0358] The driving assistance system unit 2030 is composed of various devices that provide functions for preventing accidents and reducing the driver's driving burden, such as a millimeter-wave radar, a LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging), a camera, a positioning locator (e.g., GNSS, etc.), map information (e.g., high-definition (HD) map, autonomous vehicle (AV) map, etc.), a gyro system (e.g., an IMU (Inertial Measurement Unit), an INS (Inertial Navigation System), etc.), an AI (Artificial Intelligence) chip, and an AI processor, as well as one or more ECUs that control these devices. The driving assistance system unit 2030 also transmits and receives various information via the communication module 2013 to realize the driving assistance function or the autonomous driving function.

[0359] The communication module 2013 can communicate with the microprocessor 2031 and components of the vehicle 2001 via the communication port. For example, the communication module 2013 transmits and receives data via the communication port 2033 to and from the drive unit 2002, steering unit 2003, accelerator pedal 2004, brake pedal 2005, shift lever 2006, front wheels 2007, rear wheels 2008, axle 2009, microprocessor 2031 and memory (ROM, RAM) 2032 in the electronic control unit 2010, and sensors 2021 to 29, which are provided in the vehicle 2001.

[0360] The communication module 2013 is a communication device that can be controlled by the microprocessor 2031 of the electronic control unit 2010 and can communicate with an external device. For example, it transmits and receives various information to and from the external device via wireless communication. The communication module 2013 may be located either inside or outside the electronic control unit 2010. The external device may be, for example, a base station, a mobile station, or the like.

[0361] The communication module 2013 may transmit at least one of signals from the above-mentioned various sensors 2021-2029 input to the electronic control unit 2010, information obtained based on the signals, and information based on input from the outside (user) obtained via the information service unit 2012 to an external device via wireless communication. The electronic control unit 2010, the various sensors 2021-2029, the information service unit 2012, etc. may be referred to as input units that accept input. For example, the PUSCH transmitted by the communication module 2013 may include information based on the above-mentioned input.

[0362] The communication module 2013 receives various information (traffic information, traffic signal information, vehicle distance information, etc.) transmitted from external devices and displays it on the information service unit 2012 provided in the vehicle 2001. The information service unit 2012 may also be called an output unit that outputs information (for example, outputs information to a device such as a display or speaker based on the PDSCH received by the communication module 2013 (or data / information decoded from the PDSCH)).

[0363] Furthermore, the communication module 2013 stores various information received from external devices in a memory 2032 that can be used by the microprocessor 2031. Based on the information stored in the memory 2032, the microprocessor 2031 may control the drive unit 2002, steering unit 2003, accelerator pedal 2004, brake pedal 2005, shift lever 2006, front wheels 2007, rear wheels 2008, axle 2009, sensors 2021 to 2029, and the like provided in the vehicle 2001.

[0364] <Terminology and interpretation> As used in this disclosure, the terms "determining" and "determining" may encompass a wide variety of actions. "Determining" and "determining" may include, for example, judging, calculating, computing, processing, deriving, investigating, looking up, searching, inquiring (e.g., searching in a table, database, or other data structure), ascertaining, and the like. "Determining" and "determining" may also include receiving (e.g., receiving information), transmitting (e.g., sending information), input, output, accessing (e.g., accessing data in memory), and the like. Furthermore, "judgment" and "decision" can include regarding resolving, selecting, choosing, establishing, comparing, etc. as having been "judged" or "decided." In other words, "judgment" and "decision" can include regarding some action as having been "judged" or "decided." Furthermore, "judgment (decision)" can be interpreted as "assuming," "expecting," "considering," etc.

[0365] The terms "connected," "coupled," or any variation thereof, refer to any direct or indirect connection or coupling between two or more elements, and may include the presence of one or more intermediate elements between two elements that are "connected" or "coupled" to each other. The coupling or connection between elements may be physical, logical, or a combination thereof. For example, "connected" may be read as "access." As used in this disclosure, two elements may be considered to be "connected" or "coupled" to each other using one or more wires, cables, and / or printed electrical connections, as well as electromagnetic energy having wavelengths in the radio frequency range, microwave range, and optical (both visible and invisible) range, as some non-limiting and non-exhaustive examples.

[0366] <Reference signal> The reference signal may be abbreviated as RS (Reference Signal) or may be called a pilot depending on the applicable standard.

[0367] <The meaning of "based on"> As used in this disclosure, the phrase "based on" does not mean "based only on," unless expressly stated otherwise. In other words, the phrase "based on" means both "based only on" and "based at least on."

[0368] <"First", "Second"> As used in this disclosure, any reference to an element using a designation such as "first," "second," etc. does not generally limit the quantity or order of those elements. These designations may be used in this disclosure as a convenient method of distinguishing between two or more elements. Thus, a reference to a first and a second element does not imply that only two elements may be employed or that the first element must in some way precede the second element.

[0369] <Means> The "means" in the configuration of each of the above devices may be replaced with "section", "circuit", "device", etc.

[0370] <Open format> In the present disclosure, when terms such as "include", "including" and their variants are used, these terms are intended to be inclusive, similar to the term "comprising". Further, the term "or" used in the present disclosure is not intended to be an exclusive disjunction.

[0371] <Time units such as TTI, frequency units such as RB, radio frame configuration> A radio frame may be composed of one or more frames in the time domain. Each of the one or more frames in the time domain may be called a subframe. A subframe may further be composed of one or more slots in the time domain. A subframe may have a fixed time length (e.g., 1 ms) independent of numerology.

[0372] Numerology may be a communication parameter applied to at least one of transmission and reception of a certain signal or channel. Numerology may indicate, for example, at least one of subcarrier spacing (SCS), bandwidth, symbol length, cyclic prefix length, transmission time interval (TTI), number of symbols per TTI, radio frame configuration, specific filtering processing performed by a transceiver in the frequency domain, specific windowing processing performed by a transceiver in the time domain, etc.

[0373] A slot may be composed of one or more symbols (such as an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) symbol or a Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) symbol) in the time domain. A slot may be a time unit based on numerology.

[0374] A slot may include multiple minislots. Each minislot may consist of one or multiple symbols in the time domain. A minislot may also be called a subslot. A minislot may consist of fewer symbols than a slot. A PDSCH (or PUSCH) transmitted in a time unit larger than a minislot may be called PDSCH (or PUSCH) mapping type A. A PDSCH (or PUSCH) transmitted using a minislot may be called PDSCH (or PUSCH) mapping type B.

[0375] The radio frame, subframe, slot, minislot, and symbol all represent time units for transmitting signals, and may be referred to by other names corresponding to the radio frame, subframe, slot, minislot, and symbol.

[0376] For example, one subframe may be called a transmission time interval (TTI), multiple consecutive subframes may be called a TTI, or one slot or one minislot may be called a TTI. That is, at least one of the subframe and the TTI may be a subframe (1 ms) in existing LTE, a period shorter than 1 ms (for example, 1-13 symbols), or a period longer than 1 ms. Note that the unit representing the TTI may be called a slot, minislot, etc. instead of a subframe.

[0377] Here, TTI refers to, for example, the smallest time unit for scheduling in wireless communication. For example, in an LTE system, a base station performs scheduling to allocate radio resources (such as frequency bandwidth and transmission power that can be used by each user terminal) to each user terminal in TTI units. However, the definition of TTI is not limited to this.

[0378] The TTI may be a transmission time unit for a channel-encoded data packet (transport block), a code block, a code word, etc., or may be a processing unit for scheduling, link adaptation, etc. When a TTI is given, the time interval (e.g., the number of symbols) to which a transport block, a code block, a code word, etc. is actually mapped may be shorter than the TTI.

[0379] When one slot or one minislot is called a TTI, one or more TTIs (i.e., one or more slots or one or more minislots) may be the minimum time unit for scheduling. Also, the number of slots (minislots) constituting the minimum time unit for scheduling may be controlled.

[0380] A TTI having a time length of 1 ms may be called a regular TTI (TTI in LTE Rel. 8-12), normal TTI, long TTI, regular subframe, normal subframe, long subframe, slot, etc. A TTI shorter than a regular TTI may be called a shortened TTI, short TTI, partial or fractional TTI, shortened subframe, short subframe, minislot, subslot, slot, etc.

[0381] In addition, a long TTI (e.g., a normal TTI, a subframe, etc.) may be interpreted as a TTI having a time length of more than 1 ms, and a short TTI (e.g., a shortened TTI, etc.) may be interpreted as a TTI having a TTI length shorter than the TTI length of a long TTI and equal to or greater than 1 ms.

[0382] A resource block (RB) is a resource allocation unit in the time domain and frequency domain, and may include one or more consecutive subcarriers in the frequency domain. The number of subcarriers included in an RB may be the same regardless of numerology, for example, 12. The number of subcarriers included in an RB may also be determined based on numerology.

[0383] The time domain of an RB may include one or more symbols and may have a length of one slot, one minislot, one subframe, or one TTI. One TTI, one subframe, etc. may each be composed of one or more resource blocks.

[0384] Note that one or more RBs may also be called a physical resource block (PRB), a sub-carrier group (SCG), a resource element group (REG), a PRB pair, an RB pair, or the like.

[0385] Furthermore, a resource block may be composed of one or more resource elements (REs). For example, one RE may be a radio resource region of one subcarrier and one symbol.

[0386] A Bandwidth Part (BWP) (which may also be referred to as a fractional bandwidth) may represent a subset of contiguous common resource blocks (RBs) for a given numerology on a given carrier, where the common RBs may be identified by their index relative to a common reference point of the carrier. PRBs may be defined in a given BWP and numbered within that BWP.

[0387] The BWP may include a BWP for UL (UL BWP) and a BWP for DL ​​(DL BWP). One or more BWPs may be configured for a UE within one carrier.

[0388] At least one of the configured BWPs may be active, and the UE may not expect to transmit or receive a given signal / channel outside the active BWP. Note that the terms "cell," "carrier," etc. in this disclosure may be read as "BWP."

[0389] The above-described structures of radio frames, subframes, slots, minislots, symbols, etc. are merely examples. For example, the number of subframes included in a radio frame, the number of slots per subframe or radio frame, the number of minislots included in a slot, the number of symbols and RBs included in a slot or minislot, the number of subcarriers included in an RB, the number of symbols in a TTI, the symbol length, the cyclic prefix (CP) length, etc. may be changed in various ways.

[0390] <Maximum transmission power> The "maximum transmit power" in this disclosure may mean the maximum value of transmit power, the nominal UE maximum transmit power, or the rated UE maximum transmit power.

[0391] <Article> In this disclosure, where articles are added by translation, such as a, an, and the in English, the disclosure may include that the nouns following these articles are in the plural form.

[0392] <"Different"> In the present disclosure, the term "A and B are different" may mean "A and B are different from each other." The term may also mean "A and B are each different from C." Terms such as "separate" and "coupled" may also be interpreted in the same way as "different." [Industrial Applicability]

[0393] One aspect of the present disclosure is useful in wireless communication systems. [Explanation of symbols]

[0394] 10 base station 20 devices 101,202 Transmitter 102,201 Receiver 103,203 Control unit

Claims

1. a control unit that determines whether to apply repetition to a particular block of a signal; a transmitter that transmits the plurality of blocks after the repetition has been applied when it is determined that the repetition is to be applied; 1. A device comprising:

2. When the control unit determines to apply the repetition, the control unit determines whether to add a reference signal based on sizes of the plurality of blocks after the repetition is applied. The device of claim 1 .

3. When the control unit determines to apply the repetition, the control unit determines whether to add a CRC based on sizes of the plurality of blocks after the repetition is applied. The device of claim 1 .

4. When the control unit determines to apply the repetition and when the block is divided into a plurality of parts, the control unit applies the repetition on a part-by-part basis or on a block-by-block basis. The device of claim 1 .

5. a device for determining whether to apply repetition to a block of a particular signal, and, if it is determined that repetition is to be applied, transmitting a plurality of the blocks after the repetition has been applied; a wireless communication device that receives the plurality of blocks; A wireless communication system comprising:

6. The device Deciding whether to apply repetition to a particular block of signals; If it is determined that the repetition is to be applied, transmitting the plurality of blocks after the repetition is applied. Wireless communication method.

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