Systems and methods for reading machine-readable labels on sample receptacles

Abstract

To provide systems and methods for reading machine-readable labels on sample receptacles, for example, sample receptacles used to perform assays.SOLUTION: Systems for reading machine-readable labels, for example, two-dimensional barcodes, include: a housing; a reader configured to read the machine-readable labels on sample receptacles when a sample rack holding the sample receptacles is moving between a first position and a second position within the housing; and a processing and control unit configured to decode a read image of the machine-readable labels on each sample receptacle, and configured to associate decoded read images with the corresponding sample receptacles based on measured positions of the sample rack when the machine-readable label was read.SELECTED DRAWING: None

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] SUMMARY OF THE DISCLOSURE Embodiments of the present disclosure are directed to systems and methods for reading machine-readable labels on sample containers, for example, sample containers used to perform assays. [Background technology]

[0002] The analyzer system can perform assays on fluid sample materials. For example, in a clinical laboratory setting, the analyzer system can be configured to perform a multi-step analytical process (e.g., a nucleic acid test (NAT) designed to detect microorganisms such as viruses or bacteria) that involves adding and / or removing substances (e.g., fluids) such as samples, solid supports, buffers, oils, primers, polymerases, nucleotides, labels, probes, or other reaction solutions to and / or from containers, agitating the containers to mix their contents, maintaining and / or altering the temperature of the container's contents, heating or refrigerating the container's contents, altering the concentration of one or more container's contents components, separating or isolating components of the container's contents, detecting electromagnetic signal emissions (e.g., light) from the container's contents, inactivating or stopping an ongoing reaction, or any combination of two or more such processes.

[0003] The analyzer system can be automated to perform a desired analytical process. Thus, the analyzer system can automatically identify the contents of the sample container and the assay to perform. For example, the analyzer system can read a label, e.g., a barcode, on the sample container to identify the contents of the sample container and the assay to perform. Summary of the Invention [Means for solving the problem]

[0004] In some embodiments, a method for reading machine-readable indicia on sample containers includes moving a sample rack configured to hold a plurality of sample containers between a first position and a second position in a housing. Each sample container has a machine-readable indicia. The method also includes measuring an absolute position of the sample rack as the sample rack moves between the first position and the second position and acquiring an image of the machine-readable indicia of each sample container among the plurality of sample containers as the sample rack moves from the first position to the second position. The method further includes decoding the acquired image of the machine-readable indicia of each sample container among the plurality of sample containers. In some embodiments, the method also includes associating the decoded acquired image of the machine-readable indicia of each sample container among the plurality of sample containers with a corresponding sample container based on the absolute position of the sample rack measured when the image of the machine-readable indicia was acquired. The machine-readable indicia can be a barcode. In some embodiments, the barcode can be a one- or two-dimensional barcode. In some embodiments, the barcode includes information associating the sample in the sample container with a patient. Moving the sample rack can include manually moving the sample rack or automatically moving the sample rack. In some embodiments, the sample rack is moved at a high speed. In some embodiments, the second position within the housing is a fully inserted position, and decoding the acquired image occurs after the sample rack is moved to the second position. In some embodiments, measuring the absolute position of the sample rack uses a reader, and acquiring the image of the machine-readable indicia uses the reader. In some embodiments, measuring the absolute position of the sample rack uses a reader, and acquiring the image of the machine-readable indicia uses a second reader that is separate from the first reader. In some embodiments, acquiring the image of the machine-readable indicia includes using a reader.

[0005] In some embodiments, a method for reading machine-readable indicia on sample containers includes moving a sample rack configured to hold a plurality of sample containers between a first position and a second position in a housing. Each sample container has a machine-readable indicia. The method also includes activating an indicia reader when the sample rack is at each of a plurality of predetermined positions between the first position and the second position to read the machine-readable indicia of each sample container of the plurality of sample containers as the sample rack is moving from the first position to the second position. In some embodiments, the method includes activating a light source when the sample rack is at each of the plurality of predetermined positions. In some embodiments, moving the sample rack includes manually moving the sample rack. In some embodiments, moving the sample rack includes automatically moving the sample rack. In some embodiments, the method also includes measuring a position of the sample rack as the sample rack is moving between the first position and the second position. Measuring the position of the sample rack can include using a sensor operably coupled to an indicator on the sample rack. The indicator can include at least one of the group consisting of a recess, a protrusion, an optically reflective element, a magnetic element, and a capacitive element. The machine-readable label can be a one- or two-dimensional bar code. The machine-readable label can be a two-dimensional bar code that includes information that associates the sample in the sample container with a patient.

[0006] In some embodiments, a method for reading machine-readable labels on sample containers includes moving a sample rack configured to hold a plurality of sample containers between a first position and a second position in a housing. Each sample container has a machine-readable label. The method also includes measuring a position of the sample rack as the sample rack is moving between the first position and the second position. The method further includes reading the machine-readable label of each sample container among the plurality of sample containers as the sample rack is moving from the first position to the second position. The method includes decoding the read machine-readable label of each sample container among the plurality of sample containers. The method also includes associating the decoded machine-readable label of each sample container among the plurality of sample containers with a corresponding container based on the measured position of the sample rack when the machine-readable label is read. In some embodiments, moving the sample rack includes manually moving the sample rack. In other embodiments, moving the sample rack includes automatically moving the sample rack. In some embodiments, the machine-readable label includes information associating a sample in the sample container with a patient. In some embodiments, the second position within the housing is a fully inserted position, and decoding the machine-readable indicia occurs after the sample rack is moved to the second position. In some embodiments, the machine-readable indicia is a barcode. In some embodiments, the barcode is a one- or two-dimensional barcode.

[0007] In some embodiments, a method for reading machine-readable labels on sample containers includes, at a first location, reading the machine-readable label of each sample container of a plurality of sample containers with a first label reader. The plurality of sample containers are held by a sample rack having rack-identifying machine-readable labels. The method also includes moving the rack from the first location to a separate second location and, at the second location, sensing a rack identifier on the sample rack with a sensor separate from the first label reader. The method includes associating the sensed rack identifier with the read machine-readable label of each sample container of the plurality of sample containers. In some embodiments, the rack identifier is a machine-readable label and the sensor is a second label reader. In some embodiments, the rack identifier is an RFID tag and the sensor is an RFID reader. In some embodiments, the method also includes acquiring location data identifying the second location to which the sample rack was moved. In some embodiments, the machine-readable label of each sample container of the plurality of sample containers is a two-dimensional barcode. The two-dimensional barcode can include information associating the sample in the sample container with a patient. In some embodiments, the method also includes determining whether a period of time during which the sample rack is moved from the first location to a separate second location exceeds a predetermined period threshold. In some embodiments, reading the machine-readable label of each sample container of the plurality of sample containers occurs while the sample rack is moved between a first position and a second position at the first location. In some embodiments, the method also includes measuring a position of the sample rack as the sample rack is moved between the first position and the second position, acquiring an image of the machine-readable label of each sample container of the plurality of sample containers as the sample rack is moved from the first position to the second position, decoding the acquired image of the machine-readable label of each sample container of the plurality of sample containers, and associating the decoded acquired image of the machine-readable label of each sample container of the plurality of sample containers with a corresponding sample container based on the measured position of the sample rack when the image of the machine-readable label was acquired.

[0008] In some embodiments, a method for reading machine-readable labels on sample containers includes moving a first sample rack configured to hold a first plurality of sample containers, each having a machine-readable label, between a first position and a second position along a first lane in a housing. The method also includes moving a camera to focus the camera on a point along the first lane and reading the machine-readable label of each sample container of the first plurality of sample containers in the first sample rack as the first sample rack moves from the first position to the second position. The method also includes moving a second sample rack configured to hold a second plurality of sample containers, each having a machine-readable label, between the first position and the second position along a second lane different from the first lane in the housing. The method further includes moving the camera to focus the camera on a point along the second lane and reading the machine-readable label of each sample container of the second plurality of sample containers in the second sample rack as the second sample rack moves from the first position to the second position. In some embodiments, the camera is a fixed focal length camera. In other embodiments, the camera is a variable focal length camera. In some embodiments, moving the first sample rack comprises manually moving the first sample rack, and moving the second sample rack comprises manually moving the second sample rack. In other embodiments, moving the first sample rack comprises automatically moving the first sample rack, and moving the second sample rack comprises automatically moving the second sample rack. In some embodiments, the method also includes activating a light source simultaneously with reading the machine-readable indicia of each sample vessel among the first plurality of sample vessels in the first sample rack when the first sample rack is moving from the first position to the second position, and activating a light source simultaneously with reading the machine-readable indicia of each sample vessel among the second plurality of sample vessels in the second sample rack when the second sample rack is moving from the first position to the second position.In some embodiments, the method includes reading a rack-identifying machine-readable indicia on each of the first and second sample racks. The machine-readable indicia, in some embodiments, can be a two-dimensional bar code that includes information associating the sample in the sample container with a patient.

[0009] In some embodiments, a system for reading machine-readable indicia on sample containers includes a housing and a camera configured to acquire an image of the machine-readable indicia of each sample container among the plurality of sample containers when the sample rack, configured to hold the plurality of sample containers, moves between a first position and a second position within the housing. The system also includes a processing and control unit configured to decode the acquired image of the machine-readable indicia of each sample container among the plurality of sample containers. The processing and control unit is also configured to associate the decoded acquired image of the machine-readable indicia of each sample container among the plurality of sample containers with the corresponding sample container based on the absolute position of the sample rack measured when the image of the machine-readable indicia was acquired. In some embodiments, the system also includes a position sensor configured to measure the absolute position of the sample rack. The position sensor is configured to measure the absolute position of the sample rack using a position indicator on the sample rack. The position sensor can be a plurality of optical read sensors, a plurality of magnetic read sensors, a plurality of capacitive read sensors, a plurality of gears, or a plurality of friction wheels. In some embodiments, the camera is configured to acquire an image of an optical encoder strip on the sample rack, and the processing and control unit is configured to decode the acquired image of the optical encoder strip to measure the absolute position of the sample rack and associate the measured absolute position of the sample rack with an acquired image of a machine-readable indicia of each sample container among the plurality of sample containers. In some embodiments, the system is configured to allow the sample rack to be moved manually between a first position and a second position. In some embodiments, the system is configured to allow the sample rack to be moved automatically between the first position and the second position. The camera can be a line scan camera or an area scan camera. The machine-readable indicia, in some embodiments, can be a two-dimensional bar code containing information associating the sample in the sample container with a patient. The camera can be disposed within or coupled to the housing.The processing and control unit may be located within or coupled to the housing.

[0010] In some embodiments, a system for reading machine-readable labels on sample containers includes a housing and a label reader configured to read the machine-readable label of each sample container among a plurality of sample containers held by a sample rack that moves between a first position and a second position within the housing. The system also includes a processing and control unit configured to activate the label reader when the sample rack is at each of a plurality of predetermined positions between the first position and the second position to read the machine-readable label of each sample container among the plurality of sample containers as the sample rack moves from the first position to the second position. In some embodiments, the label reader is further configured to read a machine-readable rack identifier label on the sample rack. In some embodiments, the system also includes a sensor operably coupled to an RFID tag on the sample rack. In some embodiments, the system also includes a sensor operably coupled to a position indicator on the sample rack to determine the position of the sample rack between the first position and the second position. The position sensor can be a plurality of optical read sensors, a plurality of magnetic read sensors, a plurality of capacitive read sensors, a plurality of gears, or a plurality of friction wheels. The processing and control unit can be configured to activate the light source when the sample rack is in each of a plurality of predetermined positions. The system can be configured so that the sample rack is moved manually between the first position and the second position. The system can also be configured so that the sample rack is moved automatically between the first position and the second position. In some embodiments, the label reader is disposed within or coupled to the housing. In some embodiments, the processing and control unit is disposed within or coupled to the housing.

[0011] In some embodiments, a system for reading machine-readable labels on sample containers includes a sample rack having a rack identifier and configured to hold a plurality of sample containers, each having a machine-readable label. The system also includes a first location configured to receive the sample rack and a sensor configured to read the rack identifier when the sample rack is in the first location. The system also includes a second location configured to receive the sample rack and a first label reader separate from the sensor configured to read the machine-readable label of each sample container among the plurality of sample containers when the rack is in the second location. In some embodiments, the rack identifier is a machine-readable label and the sensor is a second label reader. In some embodiments, the rack identifier is an RFID tag and the sensor is an RFID reader. In some embodiments, the machine-readable label is a two-dimensional barcode, and the two-dimensional barcode, in some embodiments, includes information associating the samples in the sample containers with a patient. The system can be configured to allow the sample rack to be manually moved between the first and second locations when it is in the first location. The system can also be configured to automatically move the sample rack between the first and second positions when the sample rack is in the first location.

[0012] In some embodiments, a system for reading machine-readable labels on sample containers includes a housing and a sample rack configured to hold a plurality of sample containers, each having a two-dimensional machine-readable label, and configured to move between a first position and a second position within the housing. The system also includes a reader configured to read the two-dimensional machine-readable label of each sample container among the plurality of sample containers as the sample rack moves between the first position and the second position. The system also includes a processing and control unit configured to decode the read two-dimensional machine-readable label of each sample container among the plurality of sample containers. The processing and control unit is also configured to associate the decoded two-dimensional machine-readable label of each sample container among the plurality of sample containers with a corresponding sample container based on the position of the sample rack measured when the two-dimensional machine-readable label was read. In some embodiments, the system is configured for the sample rack to be moved manually between the first position and the second position. In other embodiments, the system is configured for the sample rack to be moved automatically between the first position and the second position. In some embodiments, the reader is disposed within or coupled to the housing. In some embodiments, the processing and control unit is located within or coupled to the housing.

[0013] In some embodiments, a system for reading machine-readable labels on sample containers includes a housing defining at least a first lane and a second lane. Each lane is configured to receive a sample rack adapted to hold a plurality of sample containers, each of the sample containers having a machine-readable label. The system also includes a camera configured to move between a first position that focuses the camera on a first position along the first lane and a second position that focuses the camera on a second position along the second lane. The camera is configured to acquire an image of the machine-readable label of each sample container of the first plurality of sample containers in the first sample rack moving along the first lane. The camera is also configured to acquire an image of the machine-readable label of each sample container of the second plurality of sample containers in the second sample rack moving along the second lane. In some embodiments, the camera is a fixed focal length camera. In some embodiments, the camera is a variable focal length camera. In some embodiments, the camera is configured to acquire an image of the machine-readable label of each sample container of the plurality of sample containers in the sample rack being manually moved along the first lane and the second lane. In some embodiments, the camera is configured to capture an image of a machine-readable label on each sample container among the plurality of sample containers in the sample rack being automatically moved along the first lane and the second lane. In some embodiments, the machine-readable label is a two-dimensional barcode including information associating the sample in the sample container with a patient. In some embodiments, the camera comprises a CCD camera or a CMOS camera. In some embodiments, the system also includes a light source configured to illuminate the machine-readable label on each sample container in the housing. In some embodiments, the system includes a movable stage to which the camera and the light source are coupled. In some embodiments, the camera is configured to move along a lane parallel to the first and second lanes. In some embodiments, the system also includes a mirror positioned along an optical path between the camera and a first position on the first lane and a second position on the second lane. The present invention provides, for example, the following. (Item 1) 1. A method of reading a machine-readable label on a sample container, the method comprising: moving a sample rack configured to hold a plurality of sample vessels between a first position and a second position within the housing, each of the plurality of sample vessels having a machine-readable indicia; measuring an absolute position of the sample rack as the sample rack moves between the first position and the second position; acquiring an image of the machine-readable indicia of each sample vessel of the plurality of sample vessels as the sample rack is moved from the first position to the second position; decoding the acquired image of the machine-readable indicia of each sample vessel of the plurality of sample vessels; A method comprising: (Item 2) 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising associating the decoded acquired image of the machine-readable indicia of each sample container among the plurality of sample containers with a corresponding sample container based on the measured absolute position of the sample rack at the time the image of the machine-readable indicia was acquired. (Item 3) 3. The method of any one of items 1-2, wherein the machine-readable label comprises a bar code. (Item 4) Item 4. The method of item 3, wherein the barcode comprises a two-dimensional barcode. (Item 5) 5. The method of any one of items 3-4, wherein the barcode contains information that associates the sample in the sample container with a patient. (Item 6) 5. The method of any one of items 1-4, wherein moving the sample rack comprises manually moving the sample rack. (Item 7) 7. The method of any one of items 1-6, wherein moving the sample rack comprises moving the sample rack at a speed of at least 100 mm / sec. (Item 8) 6. The method of any one of items 1-5, wherein moving the sample rack comprises automatically moving the sample rack. (Item 9) 9. The method of any one of items 1-8, wherein the second position in the housing is a fully inserted position, and decoding the acquired image occurs after the sample rack is moved to the second position. (Item 10) 10. The method of any one of items 1-9, wherein measuring the absolute position of the sample rack uses a reader and acquiring an image of the machine-readable label uses the reader. (Item 11) 10. The method of any one of items 1-9, wherein measuring the absolute position of the sample rack uses a reader and acquiring an image of the machine-readable label uses a second reader separate from the first reader. (Item 12) 12. The method of any one of items 1-11, wherein acquiring the image of the machine-readable indicia includes using a reader. (Item 13) Item 13. The method of item 12, wherein the reader comprises a line scan camera or an area scan camera. (Item 14) 14. The method of any one of items 1-13, wherein measuring the absolute position of the sample rack comprises acquiring images of optical indicia on the sample rack as the sample rack moves between the first position and the second position. (Item 15) 1. A method of reading a machine-readable label on a sample container, the method comprising: moving a sample rack configured to hold a plurality of sample vessels between a first position and a second position within the housing, each of the plurality of sample vessels having a machine-readable indicia; activating an indicator reader when the sample rack is at each of a plurality of predetermined positions between the first position and the second position to read a machine-readable indicator of each sample container of the plurality of sample containers as the sample rack is moving from the first position to the second position; A method comprising: (Item 16) Item 16. The method of item 15, further comprising activating a light source when the sample rack is in each of the plurality of predetermined positions. (Item 17) 17. The method of any one of items 15-16, wherein moving the sample rack comprises manually moving the sample rack. (Item 18) 18. The method of any one of items 15-17, wherein moving the sample rack comprises moving the sample rack at a speed of at least 100 mm / sec. (Item 19) 17. The method of any one of items 15-16, wherein moving the sample rack comprises automatically moving the sample rack. (Item 20) 20. The method of any one of items 15-19, further comprising measuring the position of the sample rack as it moves between the first position and the second position. (Item 21) 20. The method of claim 19, wherein measuring the position of the sample rack comprises using a sensor operably coupled to an indicator on the sample rack. (Item 22) 22. The method of any one of items 15-21, wherein the indicator comprises at least one of the group consisting of a recess, a protrusion, an optically reflective element, a magnetic element, and a capacitive element. (Item 23) 23. The method of any one of items 15-22, wherein the machine-readable label comprises a one- or two-dimensional barcode. (Item 24) 24. The method of claim 15, wherein the machine-readable label comprises a two-dimensional barcode, the two-dimensional barcode including information that associates the sample in the sample container with a patient. (Item 25) 1. A method of reading a machine-readable label on a sample container, the method comprising: moving a sample rack configured to hold a plurality of sample vessels between a first position and a second position within the housing, each of the plurality of sample vessels having a machine-readable indicia; measuring the position of the sample rack as the sample rack moves between the first position and the second position; reading the machine-readable indicia of each sample vessel of the plurality of sample vessels as the sample rack is moved from the first position to the second position; decoding the read machine-readable indicia of each sample vessel of the plurality of sample vessels; associating the decoded machine-readable indicia of each sample container of the plurality of sample containers with a corresponding sample container based on the position of the sample rack determined when the machine-readable indicia was read; A method comprising: (Item 26) 26. The method of claim 25, wherein moving the sample rack comprises manually moving the sample rack. (Item 27) 26. The method of claim 25, wherein moving the sample rack comprises automatically moving the sample rack. (Item 28) 28. The method of any one of items 25-27, wherein the machine-readable label includes information that associates the sample in the sample container with a patient. (Item 29) 29. The method of any one of items 25-28, wherein the second position in the housing is a fully inserted position, and wherein decoding the read machine-readable indicia occurs after the sample rack is moved to the second position. (Item 30) 30. The method of any one of items 25-29, wherein the machine-readable label comprises a bar code. (Item 31) Item 31. The method of item 30, wherein the barcode comprises a two-dimensional barcode. (Item 32) 1. A method of reading a machine-readable label on a sample container, the method comprising: At a first location, using a first indicator reader, reading a machine-readable indicator of each sample container of a plurality of sample containers, the plurality of sample containers being held by a sample rack having a rack-identifying machine-readable indicator; moving the sample rack from the first location to a separate second location; sensing a rack identifier on the sample rack at the second location with a sensor separate from the first label reader; Associating the sensed rack identifier with the read machine-readable indicia of each sample container of the plurality of sample containers; A method comprising: (Item 33) Item 33. The method of item 32, wherein the rack identifier is a machine-readable indicator and the sensor is a second indicator reader. (Item 34) Item 33. The method of item 32, wherein the rack identifier is an RFID tag and the sensor is an RFID reader. (Item 35) 35. The method of any one of items 32-34, further comprising obtaining location data identifying the second location to which the sample rack has been moved. (Item 36) 36. The method of any one of items 32 and 34-35, wherein the machine-readable label of each sample vessel of the plurality of sample vessels comprises a two-dimensional barcode. (Item 37) 37. The method of claim 36, wherein the two-dimensional barcode contains information that associates the sample in the sample container with a patient. (Item 38) 38. The method of any one of items 32-37, further comprising determining whether the period of time during which the sample rack is moved from the first location to the separate second location exceeds a predetermined period threshold. (Item 39) 39. The method of any one of items 32 and 36-38, wherein reading the machine-readable label of each sample container of the plurality of sample containers occurs at the first location while the sample rack is being moved between a first position and a second position. (Item 40) measuring the position of the sample rack as the sample rack moves between the first position and the second position; acquiring an image of the machine-readable indicia of each sample vessel of the plurality of sample vessels as the sample rack is moved from the first position to the second position; decoding the acquired image of the machine-readable indicia of each sample vessel of the plurality of sample vessels; associating the decoded captured image of the machine-readable indicia of each sample container of the plurality of sample containers with a corresponding sample container based on the position of the sample rack measured when the image of the machine-readable indicia was captured; Item 39. The method of item 39, further comprising: (Item 41) 1. A method of reading a machine-readable label on a sample container, the method comprising: moving a first sample rack configured to hold a first plurality of sample vessels between a first position and a second position along a first lane in an enclosure, each of the first plurality of sample vessels having a machine-readable indicia; moving the camera to focus the camera on a point along the first lane; reading the machine-readable indicia of each sample vessel of the first plurality of sample vessels in the first sample rack as the first sample rack is moved from the first position to the second position; moving a second sample rack configured to hold a second plurality of sample vessels between a first position and a second position along a second lane within the housing, the second lane being different from the first lane, each of the second plurality of sample vessels having a machine-readable indicia; moving the camera to focus the camera on a point along the second lane; reading the machine-readable indicia of each sample vessel of the second plurality of sample vessels in the second sample rack as the second sample rack is moved from the first position to the second position; A method comprising: (Item 42) Item 42. The method of item 41, wherein the camera is a fixed focal length camera. (Item 43) Item 42. The method according to item 41, wherein the camera is a variable focal length camera. (Item 44) 44. The method of any one of items 41-43, wherein moving the first sample rack comprises manually moving the first sample rack, and moving the second sample rack comprises manually moving the second sample rack. (Item 45) 44. The method of any one of items 41-43, wherein moving the first sample rack comprises automatically moving the first sample rack, and moving the second sample rack comprises automatically moving the second sample rack. (Item 46) 46. ​​The method of any one of items 41-45, further comprising: activating a light source simultaneously with reading the machine-readable label of each sample vessel of the first plurality of sample vessels in the first sample rack when the first sample rack is moving from the first position to the second position; and activating the light source simultaneously with reading the machine-readable label of each sample vessel of the second plurality of sample vessels in the second sample rack when the second sample rack is moving from the first position to the second position. (Item 47) 47. The method of any one of items 41-46, further comprising reading a rack-identifying machine-readable label on each of the first and second sample racks. (Item 48) 47. The method of any one of items 41-46, wherein the machine-readable label comprises a two-dimensional barcode. (Item 49) 49. The method of claim 48, wherein the two-dimensional barcode contains information that associates the sample in the sample container with a patient. (Item 50) 1. A system for reading a machine-readable label on a sample container, the system comprising: The housing and a camera configured to capture an image of a machine-readable indicia of each sample container among the plurality of sample containers as a sample rack configured to hold a plurality of sample containers is moved between a first position and a second position within the housing; a processing and control unit configured to decode the acquired image of the machine-readable indicia of each sample vessel of the plurality of sample vessels; Equipped with The system, wherein the processing and control unit is configured to associate the decoded acquired image of the machine-readable indicia of each sample container among the plurality of sample containers with a corresponding sample container based on the measured absolute position of the sample rack at the time the image of the machine-readable indicia was acquired. (Item 51) Item 51. The system of item 50, further comprising a position sensor configured to measure the absolute position of the sample rack. (Item 52) Item 52. The system of item 51, wherein the position sensor is configured to measure the absolute position of the sample rack using a position indicator on the sample rack to determine the absolute position of the sample rack between the first position and the second position. (Item 53) The system of any one of items 51-52, wherein the position sensor comprises one or more of the group consisting of a plurality of optical read sensors, a plurality of magnetic read sensors, a plurality of capacitive read sensors, a plurality of gears, and a plurality of friction wheels. (Item 54) The system of any one of items 50-53, wherein the camera is configured to acquire an image of an optical encoder strip on the sample rack, and the processing and control unit is configured to decode the acquired image of the optical encoder strip and measure the absolute position of the sample rack, and associate the measured absolute position of the sample rack with the acquired image of the machine-readable marking of each sample container among the plurality of sample containers. (Item 55) 55. The system of any one of items 50-54, wherein the system is configured such that the sample rack can be manually moved between the first position and the second position. (Item 56) 55. The system of any one of items 50-54, wherein the system is configured such that the sample rack is automatically moved between the first position and the second position. (Item 57) 57. The system of any one of items 50-56, wherein the camera comprises a line scan camera or an area scan camera. (Item 58) 58. The system of any one of items 50-57, wherein the machine-readable indicia comprises a two-dimensional bar code. (Item 59) Item 59. The system of item 58, wherein the two-dimensional barcode contains information that associates the sample in the sample container with a patient. (Item 60) 60. The system of any one of items 50-59, wherein the camera is disposed within or coupled to the housing. (Item 61) 61. The system of any one of items 50-60, wherein the processing and control unit is disposed within or coupled to the housing. (Item 62) 1. A system for reading a machine-readable label on a sample container, the system comprising: The housing and an indicia reader configured to read a machine-readable indicia of each sample container of a plurality of sample containers held by a sample rack that moves between a first position and a second position within the housing; a processing and control unit configured to activate the indicator reader when the sample rack is at each of a plurality of predetermined positions between the first position and the second position to read the machine-readable indicator of each sample container of the plurality of sample containers as the sample rack is moving from the first position to the second position; A system comprising: (Item 63) Item 63. The system of item 62, wherein the label reader is further configured to read a machine-readable rack identifier label on the sample rack. (Item 64) Item 63. The system of item 62, further comprising a sensor operably coupled to an RFID tag on the sample rack. (Item 65) 65. The system of any one of items 62-64, further comprising a sensor operably coupled to a position indicator on the sample rack to determine the position of the sample rack between the first position and the second position. (Item 66) Item 66. The system of item 65, wherein the position sensor comprises one or more of the group consisting of a plurality of optical read sensors, a plurality of magnetic read sensors, a plurality of capacitive read sensors, a plurality of gears, and a plurality of friction wheels. (Item 67) 67. The system of any one of items 62-66, wherein the processing and control unit is further configured to activate a light source when the sample rack is in each of the plurality of predetermined positions. (Item 68) 68. The system of any one of items 62-67, wherein the system is configured so that the sample rack can be manually moved between the first position and the second position. (Item 69) 68. The system of any one of items 62-67, wherein the system is configured such that the sample rack is automatically moved between the first position and the second position. (Item 70) 70. The system of any one of items 62-69, wherein the signature reader is disposed within or coupled to the housing. (Item 71) 71. The system of any one of items 62-70, wherein the processing and control unit is disposed within or coupled to the housing. (Item 72) 1. A system for reading a machine-readable label on a sample container, the system comprising: a sample rack having a rack identifier, the sample rack configured to hold a plurality of sample vessels, each of the plurality of sample vessels having a machine-readable label; a first location configured to receive the sample rack; a sensor configured to read the rack identifier when the sample rack is in the first location; a second location configured to receive the sample rack; a first indicator reader configured to read the machine-readable indicator of each sample container of the plurality of sample containers when the sample rack is in the second location, the first indicator reader being separate from the sensor; and A system comprising: (Item 73) Item 73. The system of item 72, wherein the rack identifier is a machine-readable indicator and the sensor is a second indicator reader. (Item 74) Item 73. The system of item 72, wherein the rack identifier is an RFID tag and the sensor is an RFID reader. (Item 75) 75. The system of any one of items 72-74, wherein the machine-readable label of each sample vessel of the plurality of sample vessels comprises a two-dimensional barcode. (Item 76) Item 76. The system of item 75, wherein the two-dimensional barcode contains information that associates the sample in the sample container with a patient. (Item 77) 77. The system of any one of items 72-76, wherein the system is configured such that when the sample rack is in the first location, the sample rack can be manually moved between the first position and the second position. (Item 78) 77. The system of any one of items 72-76, wherein the system is configured such that when the sample rack is in the first location, the sample rack is automatically moved between a first position and a second position. (Item 79) 1. A system for reading a machine-readable label on a sample container, the system comprising: The housing and a sample rack configured to hold a plurality of sample vessels, each of the plurality of sample vessels having a two-dimensional machine-readable indicia, the sample rack configured to move between a first position and a second position within the housing; a reader configured to read the two-dimensional machine-readable indicia of each sample vessel of the plurality of sample vessels as the sample rack moves between the first position and the second position; a processing and control unit configured to decode the read two-dimensional machine-readable indicia of each sample vessel of the plurality of sample vessels; Equipped with The processing and control unit is configured to associate the decoded two-dimensional machine-readable signature of each sample container among the plurality of sample containers with a corresponding sample container based on the position of the sample rack measured when the two-dimensional machine-readable signature was read. (Item 80) 80. The system of claim 79, wherein the system is configured so that the sample rack can be manually moved between the first position and the second position. (Item 81) 81. The system of any one of items 79-80, wherein the system is configured such that the sample rack is automatically moved between the first position and the second position. (Item 82) 82. The system of any one of items 79-81, wherein the reader is disposed within or coupled to the housing. (Item 83) 83. The system of any one of items 79-82, wherein the processing and control unit is disposed within or coupled to the housing. (Item 84) 1. A system for reading a machine-readable label on a sample container, the system comprising: a housing defining at least a first lane and a second lane, each lane configured to receive a sample rack adapted to hold a plurality of sample vessels, each of the sample vessels having a machine-readable label; Camera and Equipped with The system is configured to move the camera to a first position to focus the camera on a first position along the first lane and to a second position to focus the camera on a second position along the second lane, and the camera is configured to acquire an image of the machine-readable label of each sample container of a first plurality of sample containers in a first sample rack moving along the first lane and an image of the machine-readable label of each sample container of a second plurality of sample containers in a second sample rack moving along the second lane. (Item 85) Item 85. The system of item 84, wherein the camera is a fixed focal length camera. (Item 86) Item 85. The system of item 84, wherein the camera is a variable focal length camera. (Item 87) 87. The system of any one of items 84-86, wherein the camera is configured to acquire an image of the machine-readable label of each sample container among a plurality of sample containers of a sample rack being manually moved along the first lane and the second lane. (Item 88) 88. The system of any one of items 84-87, wherein the camera is configured to acquire an image of the machine-readable label of each sample container among a plurality of sample containers of a sample rack being automatically moved along the first lane and the second lane. (Item 89) 89. The system of any one of items 84-88, wherein the machine-readable indicia comprises a two-dimensional bar code. (Item 90) Item 90. The system of item 89, wherein the two-dimensional barcode contains information that associates the sample in the sample container with a patient. (Item 91) 91. The system of any one of items 84-90, wherein the camera comprises a CCD camera or a CMOS camera. (Item 92) 92. The system of any one of items 84-91, further comprising a light source configured to illuminate the machine-readable indicia of each sample vessel within the housing. (Item 93) Item 93. The system of item 92, further comprising a movable stage, the camera and the light source being coupled to the stage. (Item 94) 94. The system of any one of items 84-93, wherein the camera is configured to move along a lane parallel to the first and second lanes. (Item 95) 95. The system of any one of items 84-94, further comprising a mirror positioned along an optical path between the camera and a first position on the first lane and a second position on the second lane. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0014] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and form a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the embodiments and to enable one skilled in the art to make and use the embodiments. [Figure 1] FIG. 1 illustrates a partial perspective view of an analyzer system including a sample reservoir, according to one embodiment. [Figure 2] FIG. 2 illustrates a cross-sectional plan view of the analyzer system of FIG. 1, according to an embodiment. [Figure 3] FIG. 3 illustrates a front perspective view of a sample repository, according to one embodiment. [Figure 4] FIG. 4 illustrates a rear perspective view of the sample repository of FIG. 3, according to one embodiment. [Figure 5] FIG. 5 illustrates a sample rack configured to hold multiple sample vessels, with a portion of the cover removed for illustrative purposes, according to an embodiment. [Figure 6] FIG. 6 illustrates a side view of a sample rack with the cover uncoupled from the base of the sample rack, according to an embodiment. [Figure 7] FIG. 7 illustrates a bottom perspective view of a sample rack, according to an embodiment. [Figure 8] FIG. 8 illustrates a side view of a sample rack with position indicators, according to an embodiment. [Figure 9] FIG. 9 illustrates a side view of a sample rack with position indicators according to another embodiment. [Figure 10] FIG. 10 illustrates a rear perspective view of a sample rack with position indicators according to yet another embodiment. [Figure 11] FIG. 11 illustrates a front perspective view of a sample repository with a rack partially inserted into the sample repository housing, according to one embodiment. [Figure 12] FIG. 12 illustrates a front perspective view of the sample repository of FIG. 11 with the rack fully inserted into the sample repository housing, according to one embodiment. [Figure 13] FIG. 13 illustrates a front perspective view of a sample reservoir with a position sensor, according to one embodiment. [Figure 14] FIG. 14 illustrates a front perspective view of a sample reservoir having a position sensor according to another embodiment. [Figure 15]FIG. 15 illustrates a front perspective view of a sample storage module having a position sensor according to yet another embodiment. [Figure 16] FIG. 16 illustrates a front perspective view of a sample reservoir having a position sensor according to another embodiment. [Figure 17] FIG. 17 illustrates a side perspective view of a sample reservoir according to yet another embodiment. [Figure 18] FIG. 18 illustrates a front perspective view of an analyzer system having a sample reservoir and a separate compartment for imaging the sample racks. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0015] Features and advantages of the embodiments will become more apparent from the following detailed description when considered in conjunction with the drawings, in which like reference characters identify corresponding elements throughout, and in which like reference numbers generally indicate identical, functionally similar, and / or structurally similar elements.

[0016] The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to embodiments thereof as illustrated in the accompanying drawings. References such as "one embodiment," "an embodiment," "some embodiments," "exemplary embodiment," "for example," "an example," and the like indicate that the described embodiment may include a particular feature, structure, or characteristic, but not all embodiments necessarily include that particular feature, structure, or characteristic. Moreover, such phrases do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment. Furthermore, when a particular feature, structure, or characteristic is described in connection with one embodiment, it is contemplated that it is within the knowledge of one skilled in the art to affect such feature, structure, or characteristic in connection with other embodiments, whether or not explicitly described.

[0017] Some embodiments described herein provide systems and methods for reading one-dimensional and two-dimensional barcodes on sample containers in applications where one or more of the following design considerations exist: limited workspace, tight field of view requirements, high resolution requirements, and high speed requirements (e.g., when the containers are manually moved by a user). For example, a system may include a housing (e.g., a sample storage housing) configured to receive multiple sample racks along multiple lanes. Each sample rack holds a sample container having a two-dimensional barcode. The system includes a reader, e.g., a laser barcode scanner or a camera, that reads the two-dimensional barcodes. The system also includes a processing and control unit that decodes the read two-dimensional barcodes to obtain information from the barcodes and associate the information with the corresponding sample container. Such systems and methods for reading two-dimensional barcodes on sample containers can be used to perform assays on fluid sample materials and to identify the contents of the sample containers, for example, patient information (e.g., patient identification numbers).

[0018] 1 and 2 illustrate perspective and plan views, respectively, of an exemplary analyzer system 10 for performing assays on fluid sample materials. In some embodiments, the analyzer system 10 is configured to perform a multi-step analytical process (e.g., a nucleic acid test (NAT) designed to detect microorganisms such as viruses or bacteria) or other chemical, biochemical, or biological process. Exemplary process steps include, for example, adding and / or removing substances (e.g., fluids) to and / or from vessels, such as samples, solid supports, buffers, oils, primers, polymerases, nucleotides, labels, probes, or other reaction fluids; agitating the vessels to mix their contents; maintaining and / or modifying the temperature of the vessel contents (e.g., using a heated incubator configured to receive multiple reaction vessels and maintain the vessels in an elevated temperature environment); and / or adjusting the temperature of the vessel contents (e.g., using a temperature ramp station configured to increase the temperature of the reaction vessel contents or a refrigeration module configured to decrease the temperature of the vessel contents). heating or refrigerating the contents of the vessel (e.g., using a magnetic separation and washing station configured to isolate target nucleic acids immobilized on a magnetically responsive solid support from the contents of the vessel), separating or isolating components of the contents of the vessel (e.g., using a magnetic separation and washing station configured to isolate target nucleic acids immobilized on a magnetically responsive solid support from the contents of the vessel), detecting electromagnetic signal emissions (e.g., light) from the contents of the vessel (e.g., using a detector configured to detect signals (e.g., optical signals) emitted by the contents of the reaction vessel), inactivating or terminating an ongoing reaction, or any combination of two or more of such processes. Fluid sample materials can include, for example, urine, blood, plasma, sputum, saliva, mucus, pus, semen, amniotic fluid, cerebrospinal fluid, synovial fluid, and culture medium.

[0019] In some embodiments, fluid sample material is introduced into the analyzer system 10 via a sample repository 100. FIG. 2 illustrates a cross-sectional view of the analyzer 10, according to an embodiment. As shown in FIG. 2, the analyzer 10 includes a sample repository 100 configured to receive multiple sample racks, which are described further below. In some embodiments, the analyzer 10 also includes a reagent repository 12. The reagent repository 12 is configured to store one or more containers of reagents used during a multi-step analytical process. In some embodiments, the analyzer 10 includes a reader 14, e.g., a barcode reader, configured to read machine-readable labels, e.g., barcodes, on reagent containers stored in the reagent repository 12. In some embodiments, the analyzer 10 includes one or more tip drawers 16 configured to store multiple tips used by the fluid transfer device. In some embodiments, the analyzer 10 includes a target capture reagent carousel 18 configured to support and rotate one or more containers of target capture reagent (TCR). In some embodiments, the analyzer 10 includes a reader 20 , eg, a barcode reader, configured to read machine-readable indicia, eg, barcodes, on TCR containers on the TCR carousel 18 .

[0020] 3 and 4 illustrate front and rear perspective views, respectively, of a sample repository 100, according to one embodiment. The sample repository 100 is configured to receive a plurality of sample racks 102 along lanes defined within the sample repository 100. The sample racks 102 support a plurality of sample containers (not shown in FIGS. 3 and 4) containing fluid sample material. For example, as shown in FIG. 3, the sample repository 100 is configured to receive eight sample racks 102 that move along lanes defined within the sample repository 100. In other embodiments, the sample repository 100 is configured to receive fewer or more than eight sample racks 102.

[0021] 3 and 4, the sample repository 100 includes a housing 101 that defines an interior compartment that receives a sample rack 102. The housing 101 can be rectangular, as shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, or any other suitable shape. In some embodiments, the housing 101 includes a base 104 that is planar and rectangular, a first side wall 106 and a second side wall 108 extending from opposite sides of the base 104, and a rear wall 110 that extends from the back side of the base 104 between the first and second side walls 106 and 108. The housing 101 has an opening 112 at its front end that allows the sample rack 102 to be inserted into and removed from the compartment defined by the housing 101.

[0022] In some embodiments, the housing 101 defines multiple lanes along which the sample racks 102 move, for example, eight lanes as shown in FIGS. 3 and 4. In some embodiments, the base 104 includes multiple guides 114 that define the lanes of the housing 101. The guides 114 are protrusions extending from the base 104 and configured to operably mate with corresponding recesses in the sample racks 102. The guides 114 can help ensure that the sample racks 102 are accurately and repeatably positioned within the defined lanes of the housing 101 as the sample racks 102 move. As shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, the lanes are straight and extend from the front end of the housing 101 to the rear end of the housing 101.

[0023] In some embodiments, the housing 101 also includes a top panel 116. In some embodiments, the top panel 116 includes a plurality of guides 118 that, together with guides 114, define lanes along which the sample racks 102 travel. The guides 118 may be protrusions that extend from the top panel 116 toward the base 104 and are configured to operably mate with corresponding recesses on the sample racks 102. In some embodiments, the top panel 116 defines a plurality of sample vessel access openings 126, which, in some embodiments as shown in FIG. 3 , are arranged in rows and columns of a rectangular array. Each column of openings 126 is aligned with a respective sample rack 102, providing a system, e.g., an analyzer system, easy access to the vessels held by the sample racks 102.

[0024] The sample repository 100 also includes a reader 124 configured to read machine-readable indicia on the sample rack 102, including machine-readable indicia on receptacles held by the sample rack 102. In some embodiments, as shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 , the sample repository 100 includes a reader support 120 configured to support the reader 124. In some embodiments, the reader 124 is coupled to the reader support 120 and thus coupled to the housing 101. As shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 , the reader support 120 is fixedly coupled to the housing 101, for example, fixedly coupled to the sidewall 108. In some embodiments, when viewed from above, the reader support 120 is U-shaped and forms a compartment sized to receive and support the reader 124. The reader 124, in some embodiments, is coupled to the reader support 120 to fix the position of the reader 124 relative to the housing 101.

[0025] The sidewall 108 defines an opening 122 that extends into an interior compartment defined by the housing 101, such that the reader 124 can read indicia on the sample racks 102 within the housing 101 through the opening 122. In some embodiments, the reader 124 is configured to read the machine-readable indicia when the sample rack 102 is pushed into or removed from the housing 101, or after the sample rack 102 is fully inserted into the housing 101. In some embodiments, the reader 124 is configured to read, for example, a barcode. In some embodiments, reading the machine-readable indicia includes emitting light from a light source and measuring the intensity of light reflected back from the machine-readable indicia as the light source scans across the machine-readable indicia, for example, by using a laser barcode reader. In other embodiments, reading the machine-readable indicia includes capturing an image of the machine-readable indicia. In some embodiments, the reader 124 is configured to read two-dimensional barcode labels on the sample rack 102 (and in some embodiments, one-dimensional barcode labels or both one-dimensional and two-dimensional barcode labels), including machine-readable labels on containers held by the sample rack 102.

[0026] In some embodiments, reader 124 is positioned outside housing 101 and spaced from opening 122, as shown in Figures 3, 4, and 11-16. In some embodiments (not shown), reader 124 is positioned outside housing 101, directly adjacent opening 122. In other embodiments (not shown), reader 124 is positioned within housing 101.

[0027] In some embodiments, as shown in FIG. 3, the sample repository 100 includes a light source 125, e.g., a strobe, configured to illuminate the interior of the housing 101. For example, the light source 125 can illuminate indicia on sample containers 128 within the housing 101. As shown in FIG. 3, for example, the light source 125 is proximate to the reader 124 and coupled to the reader support 120. In some embodiments, the light source 125 includes an LED array. In some embodiments (not shown), the light source 125 is located inside the housing 101 or any other suitable location. In some embodiments, the light source 125 is embodied within the reader 124.

[0028] In some embodiments, the sample repository 100, including the reader 124 and its data processing system, is configured as described in various embodiments disclosed in International Application No. PCT / US2010 / 035146, filed May 17, 2010, and U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2012 / 0261469, published October 18, 2012, both of which are incorporated herein by reference.

[0029] 5-10 illustrate various embodiments of the sample rack 102. Referring to FIG. 5, the sample rack 102 is configured to hold a plurality of sample containers 128. For example, as shown in FIG. 5, the sample rack 102 is configured to hold 15 sample containers 128. In some embodiments, the sample rack 102 includes a base 129 defining a plurality of pockets 130 for closely receiving the sample containers 128. The pockets 130 can be separated from one another by vertical partitions in some embodiments. In some embodiments, the sample containers 128 are tubular containers, such as test tubes. In other embodiments, the sample containers 128 can be any other container suitable for holding a fluid or liquid, such as a cuvette, beaker, or microtiter plate. In some embodiments, as shown in FIG. 5, the sample containers 128 include caps that seal the sample containers 128. The caps can be pierced by a probe of a fluid transfer mechanism of the analyzer system 10. In some embodiments, the sample rack 102 is made from a suitable non-reactive material, such as plastic or Delrin® acetyl resin.

[0030] 5 and 6, the sample rack 102 includes a resilient element, such as a spring clip 131, for each pocket 130. The spring clip 131 comprises a bent element (e.g., made from spring stainless steel) with one portion that attaches to the bulkhead defining the pocket 130 and another portion that extends at an acute angle into the pocket 130. Each spring clip 131 can accommodate sample containers 128 of varying sizes. The sample containers 128 are held in a relatively secure, fixed position within the pocket 130 by means of the spring clip 131 urging the sample container 128 toward the bulkhead that forms one side of the pocket 130.

[0031] 5, the sample rack 102, in some embodiments, includes a handle 132 configured to allow a user to grasp and manually move the sample rack 102. For example, a user can grasp the handle 132 to insert or remove the sample rack 102 from the housing 101 of the sample repository 100. In some embodiments, the handle 132 defines an opening 134 configured to allow a user's finger to pass through. In some embodiments, the opening 134 allows an optical path 150 (see FIGS. 11 and 12) of the reader 124 to pass through the sample rack 102 to read machine-readable indicia on the sample rack 102 positioned on the opposite side of the opening 134 from the reader 124.

[0032] In some embodiments, the sample rack 102 includes a rack identifier 136 that provides unique rack identification information, e.g., a rack identification number. In some embodiments (not shown), the rack identifier 136 is an RFID tag. In such RFID embodiments, the sample repository 100 includes an RFID reader configured to interrogate the RFID tag when the sample rack 102 is within the sample repository 100. In other embodiments, the rack identifier 136 is a machine-readable indicator, e.g., a one-dimensional barcode (as shown in FIG. 5) or a two-dimensional barcode. In such machine-readable indicator embodiments, the reader 124 is an indicator reader configured to read the rack identifier 136. The rack identifier 136 can be positioned proximate to the handle 132 of the sample rack 102, as shown in FIG. 5.

[0033] In some embodiments, the sample rack 102 includes a pocket identifier 138, e.g., a one-dimensional barcode (as shown in FIG. 5) or a two-dimensional barcode, that provides unique pocket identification information for each pocket 130 of the sample rack 102. In some embodiments, the pocket identifier 138 indicates the location of the corresponding pocket 130 on the sample rack 102, and therefore the location of the sample container 128 within the corresponding pocket 130 on the sample rack 102. In some embodiments, the pocket identifier 138 is located on the exterior surface of a partition that separates adjacent pockets 130 from one another. In some embodiments, the pocket identifier 138 includes an alphanumeric identifier, e.g., "A," "B," "C," etc., that uniquely identifies each pocket 130. In some embodiments, the sample rack 102 includes a void recess identifier 140, e.g., a machine-readable indicia such as a one-dimensional barcode (as shown in FIG. 5) or a two-dimensional barcode, that is used to identify pockets 130 that do not contain sample containers 128. For example, as shown in FIG. 5, a void recess identifier 140 is located within each pocket 130.

[0034] In some embodiments, the sample rack 102 includes a cover 146 configured to fit over the top of the sample containers 128 held in the pockets 130 of the sample rack 102. In some embodiments, the cover 146 is transparent or translucent so that the contents of the pockets 130 can be observed without removing the cover 146. The cover 146 is configured to be releasably secured to the base 129 of the sample rack 102. In other embodiments, the sample rack 102 does not include a cover 146.

[0035] 5 and 6, cover 146 includes machine-readable indicia 137, such as a one-dimensional barcode (as shown in FIG. 5) or a two-dimensional barcode. Indicia 137 is configured to be used to determine whether cover 146 is coupled to base 129 and / or properly positioned relative to base 129.

[0036] As shown in FIG. 5, each sample container 128 in the sample rack 102, in some embodiments, includes a label 142. In some embodiments, the label 142 includes a machine-readable label 144, such as a one-dimensional or two-dimensional (as shown in FIG. 5) barcode. Two-dimensional barcodes represent information in two directions, e.g., horizontally and vertically, and include stacked barcodes and matrix barcodes. Two-dimensional barcodes include, for example, Aztec Code, PDF417 Code, MaxiCode, Codablock Code, Data Matrix Code, and QR Code®. Two-dimensional barcodes can improve decoding accuracy and increase the amount of information contained within the barcode relative to one-dimensional barcodes. In some embodiments, the two-dimensional barcode label 144 includes one or more of the following items of information: patient information, such as a unique patient identifier (e.g., patient name or patient identification number), patient metadata (e.g., date of birth, age, sex, height, or weight), medical history, or any other desired patient information; and sample information, such as the healthcare provider requesting the assay, the date the sample was collected, the collection site, the type of assay to be performed, the assay test results, and other suitable information.

[0037] In some embodiments, the two-dimensional barcode indicator 144 has features as small as 0.2 mm by 0.2 mm. In such embodiments, the reader 124 is configured to accurately read the two-dimensional barcode indicator 144 when the sample rack 102 is moving at high speeds, e.g., speeds greater than 100 mm / sec, e.g., speeds greater than 300 mm / sec, 500 mm / sec, 600 mm / sec, and 1,000 mm / sec.

[0038] 7, which illustrates the bottom surface 154 of the sample rack 102, the sample rack 102, in some embodiments, includes recessed guide tracks 156 configured to operably mate with guides 114 on the base 104 of the housing 101. For example, the bottom surface 154 of the sample rack 102 can form recessed guide tracks 156 that engage with the sample rack guides 114 to ensure proper and repeatable positioning of the sample rack 102 along the lanes defined within the housing 101. Although the spring clips 131 are not illustrated in FIG. 7, the sample rack 102 of FIG. 7 can include spring clips 131.

[0039] In some embodiments, the sample repository 100 is configured so that the sample racks 102 are manually inserted into the housing 101 of the sample repository 100. As used herein, "manually inserted," "manually moved," or similar phrases mean that the sample racks 102 are inserted or moved without the use of any automated or electrical device components. That is, the sample racks 102 are inserted into and moved into the housing 101 along defined lanes using only the user's hands. When the sample racks 102 are manually moved, the sample racks 102 can move at high speeds of greater than 100 mm / sec, for example, at speeds greater than 300 mm / sec, 500 mm / sec, 600 mm / sec, or 1,000 mm / sec.

[0040] In other embodiments, the sample repository 100 is configured to automatically move the sample racks 102 within the housing 101 of the sample repository 100. For example, the sample repository 100 may include an automated actuator that moves the sample racks 102 to a fully inserted position within the housing 101 of the sample repository 100. In some embodiments, the sample racks 102 are automatically moved within the housing 101 at a known, constant speed.

[0041] To place the sample rack 102 within the housing 101 of the sample repository 100, a user aligns the guide track 156 with the guides 114 on the base 104. The user then moves the sample rack 102 along the lane defined by the guides 114 in the direction 148 (as shown in FIG. 11 ) from a first, initial position within the housing 101 of the sample repository 100 to a second, fully inserted position. In some embodiments, the sample repository 100 includes a sensor that detects the presence of the sample rack 102 and whether the sample rack 102 is fully inserted into the sample repository 100. As best seen in FIG. 5 , the sample containers 128 are positioned within the sample rack 102 such that the indicia 142 are aligned with openings defined by partitions that separate adjacent pockets 130 from one another. Thus, the indicia 142 are visible to the reader 124 through the openings 122 defined in the sidewalls 108 of the housing 101. Thus, the reader 124 can read the indicia 142 on each sample container 128 on the sample rack 102 as the sample rack 102 moves from its initial position to being fully inserted.

[0042] In some embodiments, the sample repository 100 includes a position measurement system that measures the position of the sample rack 102 within the housing 101. In some embodiments, the position measurement system is configured to determine the absolute position of the sample rack 102. As used herein, "absolute position" refers to the exact position of the sample rack 102 within the sample repository 100. In contrast, for example, "incremental position" refers to the incremental range of positions that the sample rack 102 can be within the sample repository 100 from a reference point.

[0043] In some embodiments in which the sample repository 100 includes an absolute position measurement system, the sample rack 102 includes an absolute position indicator 158. In some embodiments, the position indicator 158 extends along the length of the sample rack 102 (e.g., along the base 129 or the cover 146) overlapping the pockets 130. For example, with reference to FIGS. 8 and 10 , the position indicator 158, in some embodiments, extends along the length of the cover 146 overlapping all of the pockets 130 defined in the sample rack 102. In FIG. 8 , the position indicator 158 is located on a side 161 of the cover 146, and in FIG. 10 , the position indicator 158 is located on a top surface 162 of the cover 146. In some embodiments, the position indicator 158 extends along the length of the base 129 overlapping all of the pockets 130 defined in the sample rack 102. With reference to FIG. 7 , in some embodiments, the position indicator 158 is located on the bottom surface 154 of the sample rack 102. In some embodiments, a structural feature of the sample rack 102 forms the position indicator 158. For example, in Figure 7, the guide track 156 also functions as the position indicator 158. The guide track 156 includes a repeating, alternating pattern of offset sections 159 and 160. The position indicator 158 can be positioned in any other suitable location.

[0044] In some embodiments, the position indicator 158 may be an optical encoder strip affixed to the sample rack 102, a magnetic encoder strip affixed to the sample rack 102, a friction strip formed on the sample rack 102, or a plurality of recesses (e.g., including through holes) in a repeating pattern formed on the sample rack 102, or a plurality of protrusions (e.g., including gear teeth) in a repeating pattern formed on the sample rack 102.

[0045] In some embodiments, the position measurement system includes a position sensor that operably corresponds to the type of position indicator 158 coupled to the sample rack 102. For example, in some embodiments where the position indicator 158 is an optical or magnetic encoder strip affixed to the sample rack 102, the measurement system may include an optical or magnetic read sensor 164 coupled to the housing 101 and configured to read the optical or magnetic encoder strip when the sample rack 102 passes in proximity to (e.g., over, under, or to the side of) the optical or magnetic read sensor 164, as shown in Figures 13 and 14. In some embodiments, the read sensor 164 is positioned on the base 104, as shown in Figure 13, when the position indicator 158 is located on the bottom surface of the sample rack 102. As shown in Figures 13 and 14, for example, each lane in the housing 101 of the sample storage 100 includes an optical or magnetic read sensor 164 configured to sense the position indicator 158 on the sample rack 102 moving along the corresponding lane. In some embodiments in which an optical or magnetic encoder strip is affixed to the top surface 162 of the cover 146, the measurement system may include an optical or magnetic read sensor 164 positioned on the top panel 116 and configured to read the optical or magnetic encoder strip 158 as the sample rack 102 passes the sensor 164, as shown in FIG. 14. In other embodiments in which the position indicator 158 is an optical encoder strip affixed to the side surface 161, the measurement system may include a through-beam sensor 165 that generates a beam aligned with the position indicator 158 to read the optical encoder strip 158. In some embodiments in which the position indicator 158 is a plurality of repeating recesses formed on the sample rack 102, the measurement system may include a position sensor including a gear 166 that engages a plurality of corresponding recesses formed on the sample rack 102, as shown in FIG.As the sample rack 102 moves between positions along a lane within the housing 101 of the sample repository 100, the gear 166 rotates to encode the absolute position of the sample rack 102. In some embodiments in which the position indicator 158 is a friction strip affixed to the sample rack 102, the measurement system can include a position sensor including a friction wheel similar to the gear 166 shown in FIG. 15 , except that it does not have teeth and instead has a surface with a high coefficient of friction. As the sample rack 102 with the friction strip 158 moves between positions along a lane within the sample repository 100, the friction wheel engages the friction strip 158 and rotates to encode the absolute position of the sample rack 102.

[0046] In some embodiments, the position measurement system is configured to determine the incremental position of the sample rack 102 .

[0047] 11 and 12 , in some embodiments, the reader 124 has an optical path 150 and is configured to read indicia at an object plane 152 along the optical path 150. In some embodiments, the working distance range of the reader 124 is large enough to include each lane defined in the housing 101 along which the sample racks 102 move. In some embodiments in which the reader 124 is a camera, the reader 124 is a charge-coupled device (CCD) or complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) camera. In some camera embodiments, the reader 124 is a line-scan or area-scan camera. In some camera embodiments, the reader 124 has a field of view height sufficient to read indicia, e.g., indicia 144, on the sample racks 102 in each lane of the housing 101. In some camera embodiments, the reader 124 samples at a rate sufficient to acquire images of indicia, e.g., indicia 144, on a sample rack 102 moving at a rate of at least up to 1,000 mm / sec, including, for example, 100 mm / sec, 300 mm / sec, 500 mm / sec, and 600 mm / sec. For example, in some embodiments, the reader 124 samples at a rate of at least 35 Hz, such as 50 Hz or 60 Hz. For example, the reader 124 may be a CMOS line scan camera having a working distance range that includes each lane of the housing 101 along which the sample rack 102 moves, a field of view that exceeds the height of the sample rack 102, and a sample rate of at least 60 Hz.

[0048] In some embodiments where the reader 124 is a camera, when the sample rack 102 is inserted into the sample repository 100 along the lane defined by the guides 114 (and in the direction 148), the reader 124 is configured to capture an image of the sample rack 102 as it passes through the object plane 152. For example, the captured image may include images of the indicia 138, 140, 144, 137, and 136 passing through the object plane 152 of the reader 124. In some embodiments, the captured image is transmitted to a processing and control unit configured to process the captured image and decode information contained within the indicia 138, 140, 144, 137, and 136 in the captured image. In some embodiments, the processing and control unit is coupled to or disposed within the housing 101. In some embodiments, this image decoding occurs after the sample rack 102 is fully inserted into the housing 101 of the sample repository 100. In some embodiments, decoding images acquired after the sample rack 102 is fully inserted allows the camera reader 124 to have a higher sample rate. For example, with such post-processing, the camera reader 124 can have a sample rate of at least 30 frames / second, and in some embodiments, at least 60 frames / second. In some embodiments, the processing and control unit is configured to decode the 1-3 second video stream captured by the camera reader 124 after the images are acquired (as opposed to real-time decoding), which can increase the sample rate.

[0049] In some embodiments in which the position indicator 158 on the sample rack 102 is an optical encoder strip, the reader 124 can be configured to acquire images of the optical encoder strip in addition to acquiring images of the indicia 138, 140, 144, 137, and 136. The acquired images of the optical encoder strip 158 can be transmitted to a processing and control unit, which decodes the acquired images of the optical encoder strip and determines the absolute position of the sample rack 102 within the housing 101 of the sample repository 100. In such embodiments, the reader 124 can be a line scan camera. In some line scan camera embodiments, the reader 124 has at least a 5 μm pixel resolution (e.g., a 7 μm pixel resolution) and samples at a rate of at least 50 frames per second (e.g., 60 or 80 frames per second). For example, a line scan camera reader 124 sampling at a rate of 60 frames per second can capture an image approximately every 10 μm when the sample rack 102 moves at a rate of 600 mm / second. In some line scan camera embodiments, the reader 124 has at least 1,500 pixels (e.g., 2,000 pixels) and a field of view of at least 50 mm (e.g., 100 mm). For example, when the line scan camera reader 124 has 2,000 pixels and a field of view of 100 mm, each pixel image is approximately 50 μm. In some embodiments, the optical encoder strip includes multiple lines having a width that covers at least three pixels of the line scan camera reader 124. In some line scan camera embodiments, the line scan camera reader 124 has a working distance in the range of 200 mm to 300 mm.

[0050] In some embodiments, the sample rack 102 is moved between a first position within the housing 101 of the sample repository 100 and a second position within the housing 101 of the sample repository 100. The first position can be, for example, when the sample rack 102 initially engages with guides 114 on the base 104 of the housing 101, and the second position can be, for example, any position between the first position and a position where the sample rack 102 is fully inserted into the housing 101.

[0051] In some embodiments, a user manually moves the sample rack 102 between the first and second positions. When manually inserted, the sample rack 102 can be moved at speeds greater than 100 mm / sec, e.g., greater than 300 mm / sec, 500 mm / sec, 600 mm / sec, or 1,000 mm / sec.

[0052] As the sample rack 102 is moved between a first position and a second position within the housing 101, a position measurement system, such as any one of the above-described embodiments of a position measurement system, in some embodiments, measures the absolute position of the sample rack 102. As the sample rack 102 is moved between the first position and the second position, the reader 124 acquires images of the sample rack 102, including images of the machine-readable indicia 144 of the sample containers 128, at an object plane 152 of the reader 124. The reader 124 transmits the acquired images to a processing and control unit, which decodes the acquired images, including decoding the acquired images of the machine-readable indicia 144 on each sample container 128 that passes through the object plane 152. In some embodiments, decoding the acquired images includes processing the acquired images to determine whether the acquired images include machine-readable indicia, and, if applicable, extracting information contained within the machine-readable indicia. In some embodiments, this decoding occurs after the sample rack 102 is fully inserted into the housing 101 of the sample repository 100.

[0053] In some embodiments, the processing and control unit determines the speed at which the sample rack 102 is moved between the first and second positions within the housing 101. For example, in embodiments using an optical encoder strip, the processing and control unit processes the acquired images to determine the rack insertion speed. In some embodiments, the processing and control unit also associates information decoded from the acquired images of the machine-readable indicia 144 with the corresponding sample containers 128 based on the absolute position of the sample rack 102 measured when the decoded image of the machine-readable indicia 144 was acquired. The processing and control unit can store this association in the system's memory.

[0054] In some embodiments, the processing and control unit decodes information from acquired images of the machine-readable indicia 144 and associates the decoded information with the corresponding sample container 128 without acquiring images of the pocket identifiers 138 on the sample rack 102. For example, the processing and control unit can be configured to activate the reader 124 when the sample rack 102 is in a predetermined position corresponding to when the center of each pocket 130 of the sample rack 102 is aligned with the object plane 152 of the reader 124, when the rack identifier 136 is aligned with the object plane 152 of the reader 124, and when the cover identifier 137 is aligned with the object plane 152. At these predetermined positions, the reader 124 acquires images of the void recess identifier 140 or two-dimensional barcode 144, the rack identifier 136, and the cover identifier 144, respectively. The processing and control unit can deactivate the reader 124 when the sample rack 102 is not in a predetermined position corresponding to when the center of each pocket 130 of the sample rack 102 is aligned with the object plane 152 of the reader 124, when the rack identifier 136 is aligned with the object plane 152 of the reader 124, and when the cover identifier 137 is aligned with the object plane 152. That is, activation of the reader 124 is coordinated based on the position of the sample rack 102. In such an embodiment, the reader 124 can be a two-dimensional barcode reader, e.g., a laser barcode reader, having a sample speed below 35 scans / sec, e.g., a scan speed of about 16-32 scans / sec, even when the sample rack 102 is traveling at a speed greater than 100 mm / sec, e.g., greater than 500 mm / sec (a speed associated with manual insertion of the sample rack 102 into the sample repository 100). In some embodiments, the sample rack 102 moves at a speed of up to 1,000 mm / sec. In such embodiments, the measured position of the sample rack 102 is determined by a position measurement system having a sensor separate from the reader 124.For example, the measured position of the sample rack 102 can be determined using a position indicator 158 (e.g., a pattern of recesses or protrusions, an optical encoder tape, a magnetic encoder tape, a capacitive strip) and a position sensor (e.g., an optical or magnetic read sensor 164, a gear or friction wheel 166, or a through-beam sensor 165), as described above. Determining the position of the sample rack 102 using a position indicator 158 and a position sensor 164, 165, or 166 separate from the reader 124 can help minimize the necessary performance requirements of the reader 124. In some embodiments, the processing and control unit is configured to activate the light source 125 (concurrently with acquiring images with the reader 124) when the sample rack 102 is in each of a plurality of pre-determined positions. Using the light source 125 when acquiring images can further reduce the necessary performance requirements of the reader 124.

[0055] In some embodiments, the method of associating information from a decoded acquired image of the machine-readable indicia 144 with a corresponding sample container 128 is used when the sample rack 102 is manually moved between first and second positions within the housing 101, for example, when the sample rack 102 is moved at a speed of at least 100 mm / sec (e.g., at least 300 mm / sec or as fast as 500 mm / sec and 1,000 mm / sec).

[0056] 18 , in some embodiments, the analyzer system 10 includes a sample repository 100 having a reader 124 and a second module 180 that is separate from the sample repository 100. In some embodiments, the second module 180 defines a compartment 184 configured to receive at least one sample rack 102. The second module 180 also has a second reader 186 that is separate from the reader 124 of the sample repository 100. In some embodiments, as shown in FIG. 18 , the sample repository 100 and the second module 180 are enclosed within separate housings that are coupled together, and the housing 182 of the second module 180 is separate from the housing that defines the sample repository 100. In other embodiments, the sample repository 100 and the second module 180 are enclosed within the same housing, but the compartments of each sample repository 100 and second module 180 are separated by walls.

[0057] The second reader 186 is configured to read machine-readable indicia, such as the rack identifier 136, the cover identifier 137, and the two-dimensional barcode 144, on each sample container 128 when inserted into the second module 180. In some embodiments, the second reader 186 is configured to read the two-dimensional barcode 144 on each sample container 128 when the sample rack 102 is inserted into the compartment 184 of the second module 180. In other embodiments, the second reader 186 is configured to scan the sample rack 102 after it is inserted and read the two-dimensional barcode 144 for each sample container 128. The acquired images are transmitted to the processing and control unit and decoded.

[0058] After acquiring an image of the barcode, including the two-dimensional barcode 144, on the receptacle 128 of the sample rack 102 in the second module 180, a user can manually remove the sample rack 102 from the second module 180 and insert an identical sample rack 102 into the sample repository 100. In some embodiments, the barcode reader 124 (e.g., a one-dimensional laser barcode reader) does not read the barcode 144 on the receptacle 128 as the sample rack 102 is inserted along an available lane in the sample repository 100. Instead, the reader 124 reads only the rack identifier 136 (e.g., the one-dimensional barcode) to confirm that the sample rack 102 just scanned in the second module 180 has been inserted into the sample repository 100. The reader 124 can also read the cover identifier 137 to ensure the presence and proper positioning of the cover 146. The processing and control unit can then associate information decoded from the acquired image of the two-dimensional barcode 144 in the second module 180 with the rack identifier 136 of the sample rack 102 inserted into the sample repository 100. In some embodiments, the processing and control unit can be configured to erase or otherwise disable the reader 124 if the sample rack 102 is not inserted into the sample repository 100 within a predetermined period of time, e.g., five seconds. Thus, if the sample rack 102 is not moved into the sample repository 100 within the predetermined period of time, the processing and control unit will not recognize the sample rack 102 as having been previously scanned in the second module 180, and the sample rack 102 will need to be scanned again in the second module. This timing requirement can help minimize the risk that one or more unscanned containers are substituted for scanned containers 128 during the time between removing the sample rack 102 from the second module 180 and inserting the sample rack 102 into the sample repository 100. In some embodiments, reader 124 is configured to read only one-dimensional barcode indicia, and second reader 186 is configured to read one-dimensional and two-dimensional barcodes.In some embodiments where the rack identifier 136 is an RFID tag, the system 10 includes an RFID reader within the sample repository 100 configured to interrogate sample racks 102 that have RFID tags.

[0059] Referring to FIG. 17 , in some embodiments, the sample repository 100 includes a reader support 168 that is movable within the housing 101 of the sample repository 100 relative to the lane along which the sample racks 102 move. In some embodiments, the sample repository 100 includes a camera 170 that is fixedly coupled to the reader support 168, such that the camera 170 moves with the reader support 168. In some embodiments, the camera 170 has a fixed focal length. In other embodiments, the camera 170 has a variable focal length. The sample repository 100 can include an actuator that moves the reader support 168 along the path 169, such that the object plane 152 of the camera 170 is operatively aligned with the lane containing the sample racks 102 being imaged. In some embodiments, the actuator is a linear actuator, such as, for example, a mechanical, hydraulic, pneumatic, piezoelectric, or electromechanical linear actuator. In some embodiments, the reader support 168 is configured to move along the path 169 within a range of about 150 mm to about 350 mm. The reader support 168 is configured so that the object plane 152 of the camera 170 can be aligned with each lane in the sample repository 100. In some embodiments, the path 169 of the reader support 168 is parallel to the lanes along which the sample racks 102 move within the sample repository 100. In some embodiments, the camera 170 is a CCD or CMOS camera. In some embodiments, the camera 170 acquires images at a rate of at least 35 frames per second. For example, the camera 170 can acquire images at a rate of 60 frames per second. In some embodiments, the direction of the light path 150 from the lens 172 of the camera 170 is folded. For example, as shown in FIG. 17 , the sample repository 100 can include a mirror 176 that folds the light path 150 toward the lane along which the sample racks 102 move. For example, as shown in FIG. 17 , the mirror 176 folds the light path 150 90 degrees toward the lane in the sample repository 100. In other embodiments, mirror 176 bends optical path 150 to other angles greater than or less than 90 degrees.In some embodiments, the sample repository 100 includes a light source 174 configured to illuminate a lane within the sample repository 100. In some embodiments, the light source 174 is also coupled to the reader support 168, and thus the light source 174 moves with the reader support 168 and the camera 170. In some embodiments, the optical path of the light waves emitted from the light source 174 coincides with the optical path 150 of the camera 170. The light source 174 can be one or more LEDs in some embodiments. In some embodiments, as shown in FIG. 17 , the light source 174 includes eight LEDs, e.g., four above the lens 172 and four below the lens 172 of the camera 170. In other embodiments, the light source 174 includes four LEDs, e.g., two above the lens 172 and two below the lens 172. In embodiments in which the light source 174 includes LEDs, the number and configuration of the LEDs can be varied to achieve the desired illumination within the sample repository 100. In some embodiments, the light source 174 is integrated into the camera 170.

[0060] In use, the sample rack 102 is moved between a first position and a second position along a first lane within the housing 101 of the sample repository 100. For example, the sample rack 102 is moved manually along the first lane. The first position can be, for example, a position where the sample rack 102 engages with a guide 114 on the base 104, and the second position can be, for example, a position between the first position and a position where the sample rack 102 is fully inserted into the sample repository 100. As the sample rack 102 moves along the lane between the first and second positions, the camera 174 captures images of the machine-readable indicia 144 on the sample containers 128 supported by the sample rack 102. The captured images are transmitted to the processing and control unit and decoded. The captured images can be decoded after the sample rack 102 is fully inserted into the sample repository 100. Another sample rack 102 can be moved manually, for example, between a first position and a second position along a different lane within the housing of the sample repository 100. The processing and control unit controls an actuator coupled to the reader support 168 to move the reader support 168, thus positioning the object plane 152 of the camera 170 in the second lane along which the second sample rack 102 is moving. As the second sample rack 102 moves between the first and second positions along the lane, the camera 170 acquires images of the machine-readable indicia 144 on the sample containers 128 supported by the second sample rack 102. The acquired images are transmitted to the processing and control unit and decoded. The acquired images of the second sample rack 102 can be decoded after the sample rack 102 is fully inserted into the sample repository 100.

[0061] In some embodiments, camera 170 samples at a rate of 60 frames per second and has a shutter speed of 1 / 10,000 second when using light source 174 to strobe the interior of housing 101. In some embodiments, camera 170 has a working distance of 250 mm. In some embodiments, camera 170 has a focal length of at least ±10 mm from the focal plane. In some embodiments, camera 170 has a field of view that is 80 mm high and 25 mm wide. In some embodiments, camera 170 has 1,600 x 1,200 pixels.

[0062] In some embodiments, the processing and control unit simultaneously activates the light source 174 when acquiring images of the machine-readable indicia 144 of each sample container 128 supported on the first and second sample racks 102.

[0063] In some embodiments, camera 170 and light source 174 are operably coupled to a processing and control unit through one or more cables 178. For example, an image captured by camera 170 can be transmitted to the processing and control unit via one of the multiple cables 178. For example, a control signal to activate light source 174 can be transmitted from the processing and control unit to light source 174 via one of the multiple cables 178. In some embodiments, one of the multiple cables 178 is operably coupled to an actuator that moves support 168.

[0064] In any of the embodiments disclosed above, a user can insert a sample rack 102 into the housing 101. For example, the user can align the guide tracks 156 of the sample rack 102 with the guides 113 formed on the base 104 of the housing 101. From this first position, the user can manually move the sample rack 102 along the lane defined by the guides 114 to a fully inserted position within the housing 101. As the sample rack 102 is moved to the fully inserted position, the reader 124 reads indicia on the sample rack 102, e.g., two-dimensional indicia 144 on the sample containers 128 held by the sample rack 102. In some embodiments, after the sample rack 102 is fully inserted, the processing and control unit decodes the indicia and extracts information, e.g., the particular assay to perform and patient information. After the sample rack 102 is inserted into the sample repository 10, the sample material contained in the sample containers 128 carried within the sample rack 102 can be accessed through an access opening 126 formed in the top panel 116 via a fluid transfer mechanism (e.g., a barrel with a protective tip, such as a pipette tip, mounted thereon) such as a probe of an automated, robotic pipetting device. The analyzer system 10 then performs the assay as indicated, for example, in the information decoded from the two-dimensional barcode 144.

[0065] Some embodiments are implemented via control and computing hardware components, user-written software, data input components, and data output components. The hardware components include processing and control units (e.g., system controllers) such as microprocessors and computers configured to effect calculations and / or control steps, for example, by receiving one or more input values, executing one or more algorithms stored on a non-transitory machine-readable medium (e.g., software) that provide instructions for manipulating or otherwise acting on the input values, and outputting one or more output values. Such output may be displayed or otherwise indicated to an operator to provide information to the operator, e.g., regarding the status of an instrument or a process being performed thereby, or such output may constitute input to other process and / or control algorithms. The data input components comprise elements by which data is input for use by the control and computing hardware components. Such data inputs may include position sensors, motor encoders, and manual input elements such as graphic user interfaces, keyboards, touchscreens, microphones, switches, manually operated scanning devices, voice-activated inputs, etc. The data output component may comprise a hard drive or other storage medium, a graphic user interface, a monitor, a printer, indicator lights, or an audible signaling element (e.g., a buzzer, horn, bell, etc.). In some embodiments, the processing and control unit may comprise a single module that performs image processing and system control. In other embodiments, the processing and control unit comprises multiple modules that perform individual processing and control steps. In some embodiments, the image processing module may be a component of the reader 124 that processes (e.g., post-processes) images stored in a buffer of the reader 124.

[0066] The software includes instructions stored on a non-transitory computer-readable medium that, when executed by the control and computing hardware, cause the control and computing hardware to perform one or more automated or semi-automated processes. In some embodiments, the software for image processing is stored in memory on the reader 124, for example. In some embodiments, the software for image processing is stored in an external memory in communication with the processing and control unit.

[0067] It is understood that the Detailed Description section is intended to be used to interpret the claims, and that the Summary and Abstract sections are not. The Summary and Abstract sections may describe one or more, but not all, example embodiments of the invention as contemplated by the inventors, and therefore are not intended to limit the invention and the appended claims in any way.

[0068] The present invention has been described above using functional building blocks that illustrate the implementation of specified functions and their relationships. The boundaries of these functional building blocks have been arbitrarily defined herein for the convenience of the description. Alternative boundaries can be defined so long as the specified functions and their relationships are properly performed.

[0069] The foregoing description of specific embodiments fully discloses the general nature of the present invention, so that those skilled in the art can readily modify and / or adapt such specific embodiments for various uses by applying knowledge within the art without undue experimentation and without departing from the general concept of the present invention. Such adaptations and modifications are therefore intended to be within the meaning and range of equivalents of the disclosed embodiments, based on the teaching and guidance presented herein. It should be understood that the terms or terminology used herein are for the purpose of description, not limitation, and should therefore be interpreted in light of the teaching and guidance by those of ordinary skill in the art.

[0070] The scope and breadth of the present invention should not be limited by any of the above-described exemplary embodiments, but should be defined only in accordance with the following claims and their equivalents.

Claims

[Claim 1] The invention as described in the drawings of this application.

Images