Gas monitoring device

Abstract

To provide an animal gas emission monitoring device attached to a cattle.SOLUTION: An animal gas emission monitoring device comprises: a snout member including a sensor unit for detecting a quantity of methane emissions; and positioning means for positioning the device on a head of an animal such that the snout member locates the sensor unit over a nostril of the animal.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to an animal gas emission monitoring device for positioning on a cow. [Background technology]

[0002] Methane is known to be a potent greenhouse gas, with a much higher carbon dioxide Livestock produce large amounts of metabolites that are released through their breath and burps. It is known that livestock are an important source of carbon dioxide. The amount of carbon dioxide emitted varies greatly among livestock. Therefore, it is important to measure and monitor emissions from individual livestock.

[0003] Methane emissions from livestock often have a direct economic impact on livestock producers, In addition, livestock can be used to feed the planet. Measuring and monitoring methane emissions from livestock as it is a major contributor to global warming This is essential for understanding the emission behavior and creating emission tables. Measuring methane emissions from livestock is also beneficial for pharmaceutical companies and developers of animal nutrition. , which is important because it is an indicator of the digestive efficiency of livestock.

[0004] However, known methane gas measuring devices are bulky, expensive, and require user operation. necessary and / or not suitable for long-term use. For example, Sensor-equipped rooms that can be used are expensive to operate and require animals to be contained for weeks. Furthermore, the detectors employed in the feeding troughs only measure methane emissions during feeding times. They provide limited insight into daily emissions because they are small and difficult to carry with the user. Laser detection devices are only suitable for monitoring emissions over very short periods of time.

[0005] Additionally, optical gas imaging has shown that nearly 95% of methane gas emitted by livestock comes through their noses and mouths. It has been shown that most of the known methane is released from the nostrils of livestock. The methane measuring device can monitor cow methane production directly from this maximum emission point. I can't. Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0006] Objects and aspects of the present invention seek to alleviate at least these problems of the prior art. That is why. [Means for solving the problem]

[0007] According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided an animal gas emission monitoring device for positioning on a cow. The animal gas emission monitoring device includes a nose piece. The nose piece is configured to measure the amount of methane emitted. The device includes a sensor unit that detects the nose member moving the sensor unit. Positioning means for positioning the device on the animal's head so that it is positioned over the animal's nostrils. Further provided are:

[0008] In this way, emissions from animals can be continuously monitored over long periods of time. Furthermore, emission data from the largest source of the animal can be obtained. This improves the accuracy of the data.

[0009] Preferably, the device is configured so that the nose member extends from the top of the animal's head. By doing so, the part of the nose member on which the sensor unit is disposed covers the nostrils of the animal. The device includes a positioning means for positioning the device on the animal's head so that the device projects from the head.

[0010] Preferably, the sensor unit includes two sensors, each of which is Close to each nostril of the animal.

[0011] Preferably, the sensor unit of the nose member detects, in use, a signal from the nostril of the animal. More preferably, the sensor unit of the nose piece is positioned at a distance of 1 to 5 cm from the sensor. The sensor of the nose member is located 1 to 3 cm from the nostril of the animal. When in use, the unit is positioned 1-2 cm from the nostril of the animal.

[0012] Preferably, the sensor unit collects data continuously. Alternatively, The sensor unit monitors intermittently. In this way, data is collected at irregular intervals. Alternatively, the sensor units may be monitored at discrete intervals. Preferably, the data is collected every 50 to 200 ms. The data is collected every 20 to 100 ms.

[0013] Preferably the device comprises storage means for storing data collected from said sensor units. Further provided are:

[0014] Preferably, data from the sensor units is transmitted to a gateway or user equipment. More preferably, the data from the sensor unit is transmitted in real time. It is believed.

[0015] Preferably, the device further comprises a power supply means. More preferably, said power supply means Preferably, the stage comprises a battery. More preferably, the power means comprises a solar cell. Alternatively, the battery is recharged by the solar cell.

[0016] Preferably, said solar cell requires more than 5 hours of sunlight to fully recharge said power supply means. More preferably, the solar cell is sufficient to fully recharge the power supply means. It doesn't require more than two hours of sunlight to glow.

[0017] Preferably said power supply means operates for at least 10 days before requiring recharging. More preferably, said power supply means will operate for at least 15 days before requiring recharging. Make.

[0018] Preferably, the sensor unit includes at least one carbon dioxide sensor. Preferably, the sensor unit includes two carbon dioxide sensors. The sensor unit includes two carbon dioxide sensors, and one of the two carbon dioxide sensors A sensor is located adjacent each nostril of the animal.

[0019] Preferably the device is waterproof.

[0020] Preferably, the nose piece is substantially Y-shaped.

[0021] Preferably, the sensor unit includes at least one pressure sensor. The pressure sensor is a differential pressure sensor. Additionally or alternatively, the sensor unit may at least one flow sensor for measuring the flow rate of the

[0022] Preferably the device has a flexible section adapted to cover the nostrils of the animal in use. Preferably, the flexible member is substantially curved. The interference of the pre-dispersion of contaminants and exhaled breath is reduced, improving the methane capture of the device. The flexible member protects the device's sensor from the elements and allows for accurate measurement of the animal's breath prior to sensor capture. Reduce dilution or pre-dispersion.

[0023] Preferably, the flexible member is detachable. In this way, the head and nose of the animal can be Flexible members of sizes suitable for the dimensions can be selected and used. Alternatively, a flexible member may be provided that substantially blocks the nostrils. The flexible member is then secured to the emission monitoring device.

[0024] Preferably, the device includes at least one temperature sensor. The device includes at least one inertial sensor. Alternatively or additionally, the device includes at least Each device contains a location tracker. In this way, additional context for the outgassing data is provided. The data can be monitored.

[0025] the at least one temperature sensor and / or the at least one inertial sensor and / or Data from the location tracking device informs the status of the animal during gas release monitoring. Such data can be used for analysis and monitoring of methane measurements from the methane sensors. For example, an inertial measurement unit (IMU) or other inertial sensors can be used to assist in monitoring. It can be used to detect and monitor periods of feeding activity. In addition, there is a correlation between methane production and animal feed intake. Specifically, the amount of methane produced is proportional to the amount of feed intake. Therefore, when feed intake decreases and methane production increases, the amount of cells in the stomach increases. Indicates the possible presence of a fungus or parasite.

[0026] Preferably, the nose piece is adjustable. More preferably, the nose piece comprises a plurality of discrete It is adjustable between different positions.

[0027] Preferably, the device comprises at least one filter. , grass and other contaminants are prevented from interfering with the function of the sensor. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0028] Embodiments of the present invention will now be described, by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: [Figure 1] 1 shows a perspective view of an animal gas emission monitoring device according to the presently claimed invention positioned on the head of a cow in use. [Figure 2] 2 shows a side view of the animal emission gas monitoring device of FIG. 1 placed on the head of a cow when in use. [Figure 3] 2 shows a bottom view of a portion of the animal gas emission monitoring device of FIG. 1 placed on the head of a cow when in use. [Figure 4] 1 shows a perspective view of a second embodiment of an animal gas emission monitoring device according to the present claimed invention positioned on the head of a cow during use. [Figure 5] 5 shows a side view of the animal gas emission monitoring device of FIG. 4 positioned on the head of a cow in use. [Figure 6] 10 shows a differential pressure sensor of an animal gas emission monitoring device according to a second embodiment. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0029] 1 and 2, an emission gas monitoring device 10 is shown which is attached to the head of a cow 20 in use. The gas emission monitoring device 10 has a nose piece 30 extending from the top of the head of the cow 20. The apparatus 10 comprises a nose piece 30 disposed on the nose 25 of the cow 20 so as to 40 and a positioning strap 60, which secures the device 10 to the head of the cow 20. The nose piece 30 is for positioning and holding the cow 20 over its nostrils 90. The sensor unit 70 includes:

[0030] In this embodiment, the nose piece 30 is made of a semi-flexible rubber casing and fits snugly around the nose 25 of the cow 20. The longitudinal axis of nose piece 30 is parallel to the longitudinal axis of nose portion 25. 30 is symmetrical about the longitudinal axis of the nose member 30 and is attached to the nose 25 so as to extend symmetrically over the nose 25. It will be established.

[0031] The nose piece 30 has a main body that spans the length of the nose section 25, and an upper portion of the Y-shape of the nose piece 30 that is connected to the nose section 25. The bovine nose 90 is substantially Y-shaped and extends beyond the width of the nose 25 and over the bovine nostrils 90. In this case, the main body of the nose piece 30 extends across the width of the upper part of the nose 25, and the nose piece 30 follows the curve of the nose 25. It is slightly curved about its longitudinal axis so that it

[0032] In other embodiments, the body of nose piece 30 is substantially flat in the horizontal plane and extends across the width of nose 25. Alternatively, nose piece 30 may extend no wider than nose 25. The nose piece 30 is also wider, so that it bends around the nose 25 so that it remains close to the surface of the nose 25. In this way, the nose piece 30 is non-invasive and does not interfere with the cow's 20 vision, feed or water intake. Does not interfere with taking, ruminating, or other normal behaviors.

[0033] The largest point of methane emission from a cow is the nostrils. The portion extends from the top of the head of the cow 20 so that it is positioned adjacent to the cow's 20 nostrils.

[0034] The nose piece 30 includes a sensor unit 70. The sensor unit 70 is removed from the head of the cow 20. The part of the nose member 30 including the sensor unit 70 is in close proximity to the end of the nose member 30. It protrudes to cover the hole 90.

[0035] The sensor unit 70 includes two methane sensors 80 and 85. Each sensor 80 and 85 detects methane. The two sensors 80, 85 are attached to the nose piece 30, labeled AA on FIG. The nose piece 30 is spaced apart so as to be symmetrical about the longitudinal axis of the nose piece 30. Each of the sensors 80, 85 is located close to a corresponding nostril 90 of the cow 20. The amount of gas released at the points where the sensors 80 and 85 are located is detected.

[0036] The sensors 80 and 85 continuously measure the methane present. The data is collected at a rate of 20-100 ms. In this way, an accurate map of emissions from the cow 20 can be obtained. Instead, it is envisioned that sensors 80, 85 will monitor methane intermittently. This reduces the amount of data collected over a period of time and reduces data processing capacity. In this way, the sensors 80, 85 can collect data at a slower rate. Alternatively, you can collect data continuously for a period of time, followed by a period during which no data is collected. This allows monitoring of emissions only during periods of particular interest, such as nighttime or feeding periods. Thus, in an embodiment of the claimed invention, the user can The data collection rate of the 85 can be controlled or programmed.

[0037] Each methane sensor 80, 85 is located on the underside of nosepiece 30. Figure 3 shows the present invention in use. 3 shows the underside of nose piece 30. Sensors 80 and 85 are They are placed 2 cm away from each nostril 90°.

[0038] The sensors 80 and 85 are high-speed response sensors. Each sensor 80 and 85 is protected by a waterproofing means such as a filter. In this way, the sensors 80, 85 are adequately protected from moisture and fluid damage. do.

[0039] In another embodiment, the sensor unit 70 is mounted over one of the nostrils 90 of the cow 20. It may include only one methane sensor 80, 85 arranged in a similar manner, or Multiple methane sensors 80, 85 may be included. Data from a single nostril 90 results in: It can be used to model gas emissions from the whole cow 20.

[0040] In yet another embodiment, it is contemplated that the sensor unit 70 includes a carbon dioxide sensor. Alternatively, two carbon dioxide sensors may be included, each of the two carbon dioxide sensors Each sensor 80, 85 is located close to two nostrils 90 of the cow 20. a methane sensor 80, 85 and a carbon dioxide sensor in close proximity to each other and at each nostril of the cow 20; It is expected to be close to 90.

[0041] The sensor unit 70 further comprises a microprocessor 100. The microprocessor , be properly sealed within nose piece 30 or on sensor unit 70 to protect it from moisture and other damage. The microprocessor 100 is equipped with Bluetooth® or Wi-Fi®. In this way, data from the sensors 80, 85 is transmitted to the gateway. The data may be transmitted wirelessly to a mobile device, a user device, or other suitable receiving and data storage means. As such, users can access the sensor unit via a mobile app or web dashboard. Data from the network 70 can be accessed.

[0042] Data from the sensor unit 70 may be transmitted wirelessly in real time. Therefore, the actual data is collected, for example, through a gateway and sent by the user. This data may then be further displayed or processed. , and then to provide information on efficiency indicators, behavior, health, and other emission-related statistics. may be used.

[0043] The cow 20 and sensors 80, 85 are located away from a gateway, user equipment, or other suitable receiving means. If the data cannot be received quickly enough, the data is temporarily stored locally on each device10. In this way, the data may be transmitted in a manner such that proximity to the receiving means determines whether the data is forwarded and / or turned off. It is temporarily stored until it can be loaded.

[0044] Alternatively or additionally, data collected from the sensor unit 70 may be stored on the device 10. The storage means may be a SD card or other suitable local storage. It may also include a data storage means, in which case a "hard" copy of the data is kept. The storage means is then accessible and removable by the user, so that the data can be erased and returned to the device 10.

[0045] Post-processing of data from the sensor unit 70 - e.g. converting analog data into parts per million (ppm) ) units of gas concentration may be performed. This data may be displayed graphically. This data may be displayed in a readable format, such as the animal's health, digestive status, etc. It can provide users with insight into performance, signs of illness, and / or estrus status. Furthermore, this data can be used to compare gas emissions between individual cows, herds or regions. It may be possible.

[0046] In this embodiment, the microprocessor 100 is a lithium polymer or lithium ion The device 10 is powered by a power supply 40, such as a battery. The power supply is designed to be placed on the head of the cow 20 for a long period of time. The solar cell 50 collects solar energy from the cow's natural external environment. Therefore, the solar cell 50 can be used to utilize the Automatically converting solar energy into electrical energy for recharging the power supply means 40 Alternatively, it is envisaged that the user will manually recharge the power supply means 40. do.

[0047] The nose piece 30 is attached to the positioning strap 60 at the end of the nose piece 30 that is removed from the nostril 90. In this manner, nose piece 30 is free-standing along the length of nose portion 25. Alternatively, the nose piece 30 may be in partial or full contact with the nose 25. Touching.

[0048] The positioning strap 60 is attached to the nose piece 30 so that the movement of the jaw and mouth of the cow 20 is not hindered. 25. In this embodiment, the positioning strap The head strap 60 further includes a neck support 65 that fits over the neck of the cow 20. The positioning strap 60 is attached to the The positioning straps 60 extend along the sides and around the jaw of the cow 20, and meet at the neck support portion 65. This is what is happening.

[0049] The neck support portion 65 contacts the neck of the cow 20 and extends symmetrically about the longitudinal axis of the neck of the cow 20. The neck support portion 65 extends around a substantial portion of the neck of the cow 20 and provides support to the cow 20 during use. The positioning straps 60 and neck portion 65 allow the device 10 to The head of the cow 20 is connected to the harness so that it extends continuously around the head of the cow 20. The neck portion 65 helps to hold the device 10 on the head of the cow 20.

[0050] In this embodiment, the neck support 65 also includes a power supply means 40 and a solar cell 50. The solar cell 50 is rectangular and extends along the neck support portion 65. The neck support 65 is positioned at the center of the neck support portion 65 so that the neck is at its highest position in the vertical direction when the headset is worn. In this way, the solar cell 50 can capture maximum solar energy from the sun during the cow's 20 daily activities. are exposed to.

[0051] The power supply means 40 is in close proximity to the solar cell 50 and is recharged by the solar cell 50. The battery 50 requires two hours of sunlight to fully recharge the power supply means 40. In this way, the power supply means 40 can operate for 15 days before needing to be recharged. Other recharge and operating times are contemplated.

[0052] The solar cell 50, the power supply means 40, and the means for connecting the sensors 80, 85 are connected to the neck support portion 65. The neck member 30 is provided with a wire passing through the positioning strap 60 .

[0053] The positioning strap 60 and neck support 65 may comprise a single member or may comprise multiple connected members. The neck support 65 may be attached to the positioning strap using any suitable connection means. The positioning strap 60 and / or neck portion 65 may be connected to the neck support portion 65. be adjustable so that it can be fitted to cattle with noses 25 and heads of various shapes and sizes; It is expected that:

[0054] Alternative configurations of the positioning strap 60 are envisioned. For example, the positioning strap 60 may be along any area of ​​the head and neck of the cow - for example, above the top of the head, under the ears, or along the jaw of the cow The neck support 65 may be provided on other parts of the cow's 20 head, such as, but not limited to, a neck support 65 may extend beyond the neck support 65. Alternatively, the device 10 may not include the neck rest 65. Instead, the positioning strap 60 is positioned so that the device 10 is completely positioned on the nose 25. , and may not extend beyond the nose 25 of the cow 20. The positioning of the device 10 on the cow 20 may be determined by the Consider the need to ensure that 10 does not interfere with the normal behavior of the cow 20.

[0055] The purpose of the positioning strap 60 is to position the device 10 on the head of the cow 20 and also to In this embodiment, for example, the user's access for animal health and welfare checks, for maintenance, or at the end of use of the device 10. The device 10 is removably held on the head of the cow 20 so that the device 10 can be removed.

[0056] The device 10 is suitable for long-term use on the cow 10. As such, the device 10 is lightweight and non-invasive. The neck support portion 65 is placed on the head of the cow 20 so as not to interfere with the cow's normal behavior. The device 10 is properly cushioned and the positioning straps 60 are positioned to prevent discomfort to the cow 20. The device 10 may be made of any suitable material so as to be comfortable. This may lead to cows 20 attempting to remove device 10, which may result in damage to device 10 or This is undesirable as it may cause the device 10 to move out of its preferred position. .

[0057] 4 and 5, a second embodiment of an emission gas monitoring device 200 according to the first aspect of the present invention is shown. is shown in use mounted on the head of a cow 220. The device 200 includes a nose piece 230 that is placed on the nose 225 of the cow 220 and a sensor unit that includes a methane sensor. 270, power supply means 240, and positioning similar to that of the first embodiment shown diagrammatically in FIG. It includes a strap 260 and a neck support portion 265.

[0058] The emitted gas monitoring device 200 further includes a flexible member 295. The flexible member 295 includes: The flexible member 295 includes elastically deformable rubber. The nose piece 230 is attached via the first attachment means 205 so as to be in an overlying position. The assembly of the sexual member 295 and nose member 230 is substantially T-shaped.

[0059] The flexible member 295 extends over and bends past both nostrils of the cow 220. The flexible member 295 extends to the width of the muzzle 225 and shields the nostrils of the cow 200 from the external environment. In this way, wind, pollution, and the like are prevented from affecting the measurements taken by the sensors of the device 200. The flexible member 295 is configured to reduce interference from substances and pre-dispersion of exhaled air. The invention is configured to not impede the function of the filter, but instead to aid in accurate methane capture.

[0060] The profile of the nose piece 230 and flexible member 295 allows the emitted gas monitoring device 200 to be non-invasive. The animals are invasive and do not interfere with the cow's vision, intake of feed or water, rumination, or other normal behavior. 225. Further, the flexible member 295 is flat relative to the nose 225. The first attachment means 205 is provided so that the size can be appropriately selected according to the size and nose characteristics of the cow 220. It can be attached to and detached from the nose piece 230 via the

[0061] The nose piece 230 includes a sensor unit 270. The sensor unit 270 includes a temperature sensor, an inertial sensor, and a Each sensor provides additional data to help determine the methane sensor It is possible to monitor the release status in parallel with data acquisition from the nose member 23. 0 is an elongated channel located along the longitudinal axis of nose member 230, labeled AA on FIG. The methane sensor and the differential pressure sensor 305 are arranged adjacent to each other. The sensor is placed in the panel 300.

[0062] Feed, dirt, grass, and other contaminants getting into the channel 300 and interfering with the sensor function A filter is disposed at the first end of the channel 300a to prevent Mesh filter, PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene) filter, or pleated filter It is contemplated that the filter may be any suitable filter or filters, such as a PTFE filter. can be.

[0063] The nose piece 230 is attached to the end of the nose piece 230 that has been removed from the nostrils of the cow 220 by the positioning strap 2. 60. The nose piece 230 is adjustable so that the length it extends along the nose portion 225 can be varied. In this embodiment, nose piece 230 is attached to three discrete 4 and 5, nose piece 230 is adjustable between the positions required to cover nose 225. Positioned to provide the shortest range.

[0064] FIG. 6 shows the differential pressure sensor 305 of the emitted gas monitoring device 200 of the second embodiment. The methane concentration measurements from the sensor and the differential pressure sensor 305 are based on the methane concentration measurements generated by the cow 220 over time. This can be used to determine the methane content. The methane content can be compared to the total amount of gas exhaled by the cow 220. By reacting the gas, the amount of methane exhaled by the cow 220 can be determined. Sensor 305 is advantageous for quantifying methane emissions from cows.

[0065] To measure volumetric flow, the differential pressure sensor 305 is connected to a three-valve manifold 330 and a differential pressure transducer 3 40 is used to measure the change in static pressure on either side of an orifice 320 located in the pipe 310. A Venturi effect is observed when the fluid in the pump 310 passes through the orifice 320, and in use The pressure difference across the orifice 320 is measured. The differential pressure transducer 340 outputs a signal S, and this data The data can be monitored and processed.

[0066] The arrangement of the differential pressure sensor 305 and flexible member 295 allows a significant portion of the exhaled air in the nostrils of the cow 220 to The air can pass through the channel 300 and the differential pressure sensor 305. The shielding properties prevent pre-dispersion of exhaled air prior to sensor capture of the methane sensor and differential pressure sensor 305. Support.

[0067] Further embodiments within the scope of the present invention are contemplated, not described above, For example, different types and types of sensors located on the sensor unit 70 or other parts of the device 10 Other means of transmitting and receiving data from the sensor unit 70 are also contemplated. The materials of the device 10 are The material must be suitable for outdoor exposure and other material combinations may be envisaged. The device 10 can be used with other bovine animals or a variety of other animals such as sheep and goats. Embodiments of the claimed invention may, in use, be used to treat a variety of different gastrointestinal tract infections from a variety of animals. It is envisioned that the device 10 can monitor the release of lactic acid bacteria. The present invention is not limited to the specific examples or structures shown. For example, more components than those shown in the figures may be used.

Claims

1. An animal gas emission monitoring device for attachment to a cow, comprising: a nose piece including a sensor unit for detecting the amount of methane emitted; The device is positioned on the animal's head so that the nose pieces cover the animal's nostrils. a positioning means for positioning the sensor unit; An apparatus comprising:

2. 10. The apparatus of claim 1, the sensor unit includes two sensors; each of the two sensors being proximate to a respective nostril of the animal; Device.

3. 3. The device according to claim 1, wherein the sensor unit of the nose piece is , the device being positioned 1-2 cm from the nostril of the animal.

4. 4. The device according to claim 1, wherein the sensor unit is continuously A device that collects data.

5. 4. The device according to claim 1, wherein the sensor unit is configured to monitor the temperature of the object to be measured. A device that monitors.

6. The device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the collected signal from the sensor unit The apparatus further comprises a storage means for storing the data.

7. 6. The device according to claim 1, wherein the data from the sensor unit is wirelessly transmitted to a gateway or user equipment.

8. 8. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the data from the sensor unit is received in real time. transmitted, device.

9. The device according to any one of claims 1 to 8, further comprising a power supply means. Place.

10. 10. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the power supply means comprises a battery.

11. 11. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the power means includes a solar cell.

12. 12. The device of claim 11, wherein the battery is recharged by the solar cell. A device that can be used.

13. The device according to any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein the sensor unit comprises at least and a carbon dioxide sensor.

14. A device according to any one of claims 1 to 13, which is waterproof.

15. 15. The device of any one of claims 1 to 14, wherein the nose piece is substantially Y-shaped. That is, the device.

16. 16. The device according to claim 1, wherein the sensor unit comprises at least and a pressure sensor.

17. 17. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the pressure sensor is a differential pressure sensor.

18. The device according to any one of claims 1 to 17, wherein the sensor unit is An apparatus including at least one flow sensor for measuring a flow rate.

19. 19. The device according to any one of claims 1 to 18, comprising at least one temperature sensor. Includes, device.

20. 20. The device according to any one of claims 1 to 19, comprising at least one inertial sensor. Includes, device.

21. Apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 20, comprising at least one position tracking device 1. An apparatus comprising:

22. A device according to any one of claims 1 to 21, comprising at least one filter. Hmm, device.

23. 4. The device according to claim 1, wherein the sensor unit comprises a discrete A device that performs monitoring at intervals.

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