Channel access indication for spectrum reuse, power saving, and coexistence

Abstract

To provide a method and a device for using a channel access indicator in NR-U to provide a function to indicate channel occupancy by a node to cells within that cell to assist in spectrum reuse in a wireless communication system.SOLUTION: When a wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU) 102 receives a channel access indicator (CAI) indicating a transmitter's remaining channel occupancy time (COT) from a wireless network access point (next generation node-B (gNB)), the WTRU monitors a set of control signals, which are downlink grants and uplink grants, for at least the remaining COT.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 21B

Description

[Background technology]

[0001] LTE License Assisted Access

[0002] A carrier with at least one Scell ​​operating in unlicensed spectrum Aggregation is a method of Licensed-Assisted Access (LA) A) is called the Serving Center A) configured for the UE. The set of cells is a frame, also called an LAA SCell, in the unlicensed spectrum. Always contains at least one SCell that operates according to system structure type 3. Therefore, the LAA SCell functions as a normal SCell (Jonathan Ling, David Lopez-Perez, Mohammad R. Khawer, “Practical LTE and Wi-Fi Coexistence T. (See "Techniques beyond LBT," IEEE Communications Magazine, Oct 2017).

[0003] The LAA eNB and UE listen before transmitting on the LAA SCell. Apply Listen-Before-Talk (LBT). LBT is a method for The printer first detects the media and only when it detects that the media is idle This is a method of transmitting signals, also known as Clear Channel Assessment (CCA). When LBT is applied, the transmitter listens / senses the channel and Determine whether the channel is free or busy. If the channel is determined to be free, , the transmitter can transmit, otherwise it does not transmit. LAA eNB uses channel access signals of other technologies for LAA channel access purposes In this case, the LAA eNB will continue to meet the LAA maximum energy detection threshold requirement. It is necessary to do so.

[0004] There are various LBT methods, but the Third Generation Partnership Project (Third Gen The 3GPP (3rd Generation Partnership Project) recommends LBT load-based devices. This is called Category 4 (LBT-Load Based Equipment Category 4). Add a random access protocol similar to i (Wireless Fidelity) to support LTE / Ensuring a standardized way to ensure not only WiFi coexistence but also LTE / LTE coexistence In Release 14 (Rel-14), the downlink (DL) and uplink Several methods can be implemented by the eNB and the UE for both Uplink (UL) and UL transmissions. A channel access procedure has been introduced. The main channel access procedure is S 36.213, Physical Layer Procedures (Release 15), V15.0.0 (3GPP TS 36.213, Section 15 of Physical layer procedures (Release 15), V15.0.0 ) as explained in

[0005] LTE Frame Structure Type 3

[0006] Frame structure type 3 is the secondary current of the LAA with a normal cyclic prefix. Only applicable to pool operation. Each radio frame has length Tf =307200 T S =10 ms and the length is T slоt =15360 T S =Numbers from 0 to 19 in 0.5ms A subframe consists of 20 slots, each marked with a slash. where subframe i consists of slot i and 2i+1.

[0007] 10 subframes within a radio frame are available for downlink or uplink transmission A downlink transmission occupies one or more consecutive subframes and It may start anywhere within and be fully occupied or may be within the scope of 3GPP TS 36. 213, Physical Layer Procedures (Release 15), Table 4.2-1 of V15.0.0 The uplink transmission ends in the last subframe following one of the DwPTS periods specified in The signal occupies one or more consecutive subframes.

[0008] NextGen Network Requirements

[0009] 3GPP TR 38.913, Study on Scenarios and Requirements for Next Generation Access Technologies Study on Scenarios and Requirements for Next Generation Access Technologies (Release 14), V14 .3.0) defines scenarios and requirements for next generation access technologies. enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB), ultra-reliable low-latency communications (U Ultra-Reliable and Low-Latency Communications (URLLC), and large-scale Massive Machine Type Communication (mMTC) Key Performance Indicators The Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) are summarized in Table 1.

[0010] [Table 1-1] [Table 1-2]

[0011] Receiver-assisted unlicensed operation

[0012] To coordinate spectrum access between technologies in a decentralized and simple manner, The transmitter must first detect energy across the intended transmission band. The Energy Detection (ED) mechanism in It notifies the transmitter of the transmission and helps it decide whether to transmit or not. Although the scheme, also known as Listen Before Talk (LBT), is simple, it is not suitable for all situations. This is not always effective in certain situations, for example when the information is received below the background noise level. or when the nodes are far apart and the signal at the receiver is weak. Therefore, a node wishing to transmit must determine whether the received energy is sufficient for a particular ED. By being below the threshold, it is possible to detect that the channel is not occupied. ,However, it may still interfere with nearby receiving nodes.

[0013] Nevertheless, LBT is a first step towards coexistence and the expansion of unlicensed spectrum in many countries. It is required by regulations. False detection occurs due to noise, so the ED threshold Therefore, effective inter- and intra-technology wireless media Additional information is needed for access.

[0014] RTS / CTS mechanism in WiFi

[0015] 802.11 Media Access Control (MAC) Protocol The protocol calls the ED mechanism Virtual Carrier Sense (VCS). ) mechanism, which allows the 802.11 packet header to be the most robust It uses the best modulation and coding so that it can be received and decoded at the lowest power level. Network Allocation Vector (NAV), i.e., At each station (STA) when the channel is vacant or occupied A time schedule is such a header that indicates the period during which the channel will be used. or updated based on the contents of control packets, e.g., Request to Send / Clear to Send The (RTS / CTS) mechanism is RTS around the transmitter and CTS around the receiver. By ensuring that the NAV is updated by all nodes that receive the CTS of , channels are reserved. However, the capture effect leads to stronger overlapping Stronger nodes experience fewer collisions because their packets are captured more often than weaker packets. This creates an unfair situation where weaker nodes have to give way, so even with VCS, this is not an issue. There is.

[0016] Virtual carrier sensing is a technique that uses physical carrier sensing on the air interface to save power. It is a logical abstraction that limits the need for carrier sensing. MAC layer frame header The frame contains a duration field that specifies the required transmission time for that frame. During this period, the medium is busy. Each station listening on the wireless medium , read the duration field and determine the time the station needs to postpone access to the medium. The NAV is a constant rate that reduces to zero. It can be thought of as a counter that counts down. When the counter is at zero, the VSC If it is non-zero, it indicates that the cache is idle; if it is non-zero, it indicates that the cache is busy.

[0017] Unlicensed LTE

[0018] There are two types of LTE access in unlicensed frequencies: Licensed LAA (Note: Unlicensed) acts as an additional downlink to the LTE carrier Relinked eLAA is still connected to the licensed carrier), and unlicensed MultiFi features complete standalone operation within the sense band In LAA, both licensed and unlicensed spectrum will operate simultaneously. That is, data may be received on both bands simultaneously. The Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH) is carried only on licensed carriers. However, releases containing a Primary Synchronization Signal (PSS) The Rel-12 Discovery Reference Signal (DRS) is , transmitted at 40 ms intervals on unlicensed carriers. No further information, i.e., cell identifier (ID), is provided and the operator MultiFire transmissions cannot even identify the PBC H / Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH) ) (now called Enhanced PBCH (ePBCH)), which The PSS and Secondary Synchronization Signal (SSS) ) doubles the energy in the sequence, improving detectability (MulteFire Release 1.0.1 (see www.multefire.org / specification). Summary of the Invention

[0019] The core of 3GPP NR Rel.15 PHY is a beam-based architecture New Radio (NR) Unlicensed (NR-U) is a beam base It is highly desirable to utilize as many features of NR as possible, including the underlying architecture. Unlike eLAA, which is based on wide beam sensing, Networking can aid coexistence by enabling efficient use of spatial resources. The LBT scheme is based on Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance. Can be extended to support CSMA / CA (Communication Standards Access and Collision Avoidance) This allows the UE to avoid unnecessary carrier busy detection, thereby improving power efficiency. In NR-U, signaling to indicate channel occupancy is used to improve spatial reuse and coexistence. Consideration may be given to introducing rings, which requires new methods and signal designs in NR-U. This means that

[0020] For example, indicating channel occupancy by a node to nodes outside its cell, re-using the spectrum, Indicating channel occupancy by a node to nodes within its cell to aid utilization; and and nodes within the cell to ensure that receivers have a clear channel for transmitting and receiving. To provide functionality such as triggering a handshake between NR A method and apparatus for using a channel access indicator in a -U is disclosed.

[0021] Also, the behavior of a node when it receives a CAI, i.e., whether the node starts a timer, We also show how to use it to wait until a channel is detected. ,We also explain the information that CAI carries.

[0022] Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUS) from multiple start positions within the UL approval Some procedures that allow the PUSCH (passive unshielded channel) to be transmitted are also described. However, the starting position is conveyed to the gNB via CAI. Methods include: Includes: · A method for signaling PUSCH starting position candidates. UL Demodulation Reference Signal (UL Demodulation Reference) based on the selected PUSCH start position The procedure for adjusting the UL DMRS (Difference Signal). DMRS follows the UE's Channel Occupancy Time (COT). The first PUSCH may be power boosted. PUSCH Resource Element (PUSCH RE) is a The first PUSCH following the COT may be power boosted. The UE uses different DMRS sequences to transmit the selected PUSCH start symbol. It can be signaled. The UE uses a higher resource density DM for the first PUSCH following the UE's COT. RS can be used. Puncturing procedure to fit the PUSCH within the available resources. PUSCH modulation and coding scheme based on selected start position and Coding Scheme (MCS) to facilitate the detection of the selected MCS in gNB. Procedure. Piggybacked Uplink Control Information (UCI) Instructions for sending.

[0023] The PHY layer signaling techniques that enable CAI transmission on DL and UL are also described. PHY layer signaling techniques include: Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCC) signals on DL Channel: PDCCH) and PSS / SSS, PRACH, PUCCH on UL, and Preamble-based transmissions, including: Partial indication of CAI information on the preamble, the rest is on the PDCCH or via signals such as PRACH. Asynchronous to symbol timing Provides some information about cell ID and / or channel occupancy time It involves repetition and Orthogonal Cover Code (OCC) for the purpose of

[0024] This Summary presents a selection of concepts in a simplified form that are further described below in the Detailed Description. This Summary is provided to identify key or essential features of the claimed subject matter. are not intended to specify any particular Moreover, claimed subject matter is not intended to be a substitute for any part of this disclosure. This invention is not limited to limitations that address any or all of the disadvantages identified.

[0025] BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS A more detailed understanding may be had from the following description, given by way of example in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which: do. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0026] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 shows (A) the CAI read by a general node and (B) a CAI transmission indicating the channel occupancy time. [Figure 2] Figure 2 shows (A) a cell's Time Division Multiplexing UEs (TDM UEs) (UE transmissions that are subsequently blocked by the first transmitting UE) and (B) sibling nodes affected by the LBT procedure from detecting high energy in the channel, including UEs multiplexed on the same time / frequency resources due to another blocked channel access. [Figure 3A] FIG. 3A illustrates CAI transmission for spectrum reuse between sibling nodes. [Figure 3B]FIG. 3B illustrates the modification of the energy detection threshold during LBT when detecting CAI from sibling nodes. [Figure 3C] Figure 3C shows that we terminate LBT when detecting CAI from sibling nodes and perform CCA with a higher threshold. [Figure 3D] FIG. 3D shows the transmission of CAI on the UL by multiple UEs. [Figure 3E] FIG. 3E shows the transmission of a CAI by a gNB to indicate that a sibling node (UE) should use a higher threshold. [Figure 4] FIG. 4 shows a method for performing CCA with a higher threshold when detecting CAI from sibling nodes. [Figure 5A] FIG. 5A illustrates a method for identifying intra-cell transmissions for spectrum reuse, where upon detection of a CAI of a sibling node, the threshold is switched to a higher value during LBT. [Figure 5B] FIG. 5B illustrates a method for identifying intra-cell transmissions for spectrum reuse, where upon detection of a sibling node CAI, CCA is performed at a higher threshold. [Figure 6] FIG. 6 shows a handshake method using CAI-I and CAI-R. [Figure 7] FIG. 7 illustrates (A) the use of CAI-I and CAI-R for handshaking, (B) transmission of CAI synchronized to OFDM symbol boundaries, and (C) transmission of CAI asynchronous to OFDM symbol boundaries. [Figure 8] FIG. 8 shows that Tocc is used in CAI to indicate channel occupancy and release times. [Figure 9] FIG. 9 shows how the channel is sensed (timer decremented) upon receipt of the CAI. [Figure 10] FIG. 10 shows the periodic transmission of CAI indicating the updated Tocc. [Figure 11] FIG. 11 illustrates the transmission of a CAI indicating an updated TREL. [Figure 12]Figure 12 shows the transmission of CAI on the UL during the gNB's channel occupation time. [Figure 13] FIG. 13 shows the Tocc indication for different beams. [Figure 14] FIG. 14 illustrates a method for acquiring CAI transmitted via Downlink Control Information (DCI). [Figure 15] FIG. 15 shows a method for transmitting the CAI-R. [Figure 16] FIG. 16 shows CAI-R from a UE scheduled in the TResp period from CAI-I. [Figure 17] FIG. 17 illustrates a method for receiving CAI by sibling nodes and general nodes in the context of cell coloring using S bits. [Figure 18] FIG. 18 illustrates CAI transmission using preamble repetition with OCC code, including (A) transmission synchronous to OFDM symbol boundaries and (B) transmission asynchronous to symbol boundaries. [Figure 19] FIG. 19 shows an example of preamble resources in frequency. [Figure 20] FIG. 20 shows CA resources in a cell using multiple carriers (which are multiples of 20 MHz). [Figure 21A] FIG. 21A illustrates one embodiment of an example communication system that may implement the methods and apparatus described and claimed herein. [Figure 21B] FIG. 21B is a block diagram of an example apparatus or device configured for wireless communication in accordance with embodiments described herein. [Figure 21C] FIG. 21C is a system diagram of the RAN 103 and core network 106 of FIG. 21A according to one embodiment. [Figure 21D] FIG. 21D is a system diagram of the RAN 104 and core network 107 of FIG. 21A according to one embodiment. [Figure 21E]FIG. 21E is a system diagram of the RAN 105 and core network 109 of FIG. 21A according to one embodiment. [Figure 21F] FIG. 21F is a block diagram of an exemplary computing system that may embody one or more devices of the communications networks shown in FIGS. 21A, 21C, 21D, and 21E. [Figure 21G] FIG. 21G shows multiple DCIs providing multiple starting positions for the PUSCH. [Figure 22] FIG. 22 shows that multiple DCIs providing multiple starting positions for the PUSCH are transmitted in the same Control Resource Set (CORESET). [Figure 23] FIG. 23 illustrates configuring multiple starting positions relative to slot boundaries. [Figure 24] FIG. 24 illustrates configuring multiple starting positions relative to the scheduled PUSCH starting position. [Figure 25] FIG. 25 shows a PUSCH start before l0, and the old DMRS configuration remains valid for the duration of the PUSCH from the UE selected starting position. [Figure 26] FIG. 26 shows a PUSCH start before l0, and the old DMRS configuration is invalid for the duration of the PUSCH from the starting position selected by the UE. [Figure 27] FIG. 27 shows a PUSCH start after l0, with the DMRS mapped according to PUSCH mapping type B instead of PUSCH mapping type A. [Figure 28] FIG. 28 shows a PUSCH start after l0, with the DMRS mapped according to PUSCH mapping type B instead of PUSCH mapping type A. [Figure 29] FIG. 29 shows a procedure for accessing a channel and transmitting a PUSCH from multiple start positions. [Figure 30]FIG. 30 shows that the OFDM symbols carrying the UL DMRS during the PUSCH period from the starting position selected by the UE are the same as the old OFDM symbols carrying the UL DMRS for the originally scheduled PUSCH. [Figure 31] FIG. 31 shows that the OFDM symbol carrying the UL DMRS for PUSCH from the starting position selected by the UE is different from the old OFDM symbol carrying the UL DMRS for PUSCH that was originally scheduled. [Figure 32] FIG. 32 shows that the OFDM symbols carrying the UL DMRS of the PUSCH from the starting position selected by the UE are different from the older OFDM symbols carrying the UL DMRS of the originally scheduled PUSCH, and the last OFDM symbols carry the DMRS. [Figure 33] Figure 33 shows that the OFDM symbols carrying the UL DMRS for the PUSCH from the starting position selected by the UE are according to PUSCH mapping type B and are different from the old OFDM symbols carrying the UL DMRS for the originally scheduled PUSCH according to PUSCH mapping type A. [Figure 34] Figure 34 shows that one OFDM symbol carrying UL DMRS for PUSCH from the UE selected starting position follows PUSCH mapping type B, while the older OFDM symbol carrying UL DMRS follows PUSCH mapping type A for the originally scheduled PUSCH. [Figure 35] FIG. 35 shows power boosting for DMRS RE of the first PUSCH transmission in the COT of the UE. [Figure 36] FIG. 36 shows the power boost for the remaining DMRS REs after removing some DMRS REs due to channel unavailability. [Figure 37A]Figure 37A shows the start positions of PUSCH transmissions indicated by DMRS sequences. (A) Sequence #1 indicates a PUSCH starting from OS #0, (B) Sequence #2 indicates a PUSCH starting from OS #1, (C) Sequence #3 indicates a PUSCH starting from OS #2, and (D) Sequence #4 indicates a PUSCH starting from OS #3. [Figure 37B] Figure 37B shows the start positions of PUSCH transmissions indicated by DMRS sequences. (A) Sequence #1 indicates a PUSCH starting from OS #0, (B) Sequence #2 indicates a PUSCH starting from OS #1, (C) Sequence #3 indicates a PUSCH starting from OS #2, and (D) Sequence #4 indicates a PUSCH starting from OS #3. [Figure 38] FIG. 38 illustrates higher DMRS resource density and different timing resources for DMRS in the first PUSCH transmission of a UE's COT. [Figure 39] FIG. 39 shows an UL preamble indicating the start of a PUSCH transmission. [Figure 40] FIG. 40 shows (A) PUSCH resources and (B) preamble resources in the PUSCH compared to the carrier band. [Figure 41] FIG. 41 illustrates puncturing OFDM symbols during periods when the channel is unavailable and transmitting the remaining OFDM symbols once the channel becomes available. [Figure 42] Figure 42 shows the CA-RS group for CA-RS1. If the LBT is successful in the spatial direction represented by CA-RS1, the gNB can transmit a signal in the direction indicated by any RS in the corresponding CA-RS group. [Figure 43] FIG. 43 shows UL transmissions corresponding to spatial directions of CA-RS groups. [Figure 44] FIG. 44 shows that the UE monitors the DCI during monitoring occasions after detection of the preamble. [Figure 45]FIG. 45 shows that the preamble indicates aperiodic CORESET / search space monitoring occasions. [Figure 46] FIG. 46 shows that the preamble and CORESET resources share the same OS. [Figure 47] Figure 47 shows that the gNB transmits preambles in multiple spatial directions to cover all UEs. The UEs assume that the DMRSs of the corresponding CORESET are Quasi-Co-Location (QCL) with preambles. [Figure 48] FIG. 48 shows the UE indicating the start of channel access after the first PUSCH transmission, which does not occupy the granted resources due to channel availability reasons. [Figure 49] FIG. 49 shows a DMRS mapped according to PUSCH mapping type B based on the PUSCH duration from the starting position selected by the UE, instead of the first granted PUSCH mapping type B. [Figure 50A] FIG. 50A shows candidate start positions for a plurality of adjacent PUSCHs, each corresponding to a PUSCH. [Figure 50B] FIG. 50B shows candidate starting positions of multiple adjacent PUSCHs according to the first symbol of the first PUSCH. [Figure 50C] FIG. 50C shows possible starting positions of multiple adjacent PUSCHs relative to slot boundaries. [Figure 50D] FIG. 50D shows possible starting positions for multiple adjacent PUSCHs relative to the slot boundaries with a particular pattern P. [Figure 51] FIG. 51 shows an example of shifting the entire PUSCH to a new starting position. [Figure 52A] FIG. 52A shows that the PUSCH and scheduled DMRS are shifted by two OFDM symbols relative to their original starting positions as well as their new starting positions. [Figure 52B]FIG. 52B shows that one of the scheduled DMRS symbols is omitted because it is beyond the end of the scheduled PUSCH. [Figure 53A] FIG. 53A shows an example of shifting the PUSCH without crossing a slot boundary. [Figure 53B] FIG. 53B shows an example of shifting multiple scheduled PUSCHs within a slot without crossing a slot boundary. [Figure 54A] FIG. 54A shows an example of shifting the PUSCH while keeping the scheduled DMRS position fixed. [Figure 54B] FIG. 54B shows an example of shifting the PUSCH to remove one of the scheduled DMRS symbols as it falls before the new starting position. [Figure 54C] FIG. 54C shows an example of transmitting a DMRS symbol within the first symbol of the PUSCH from the new starting position, since all originally scheduled DMRSs are removed as they fall before the new starting position. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0027] Below is a list of abbreviations that may appear in the descriptions below. The abbreviations used herein refer to the corresponding terms set out in Table 2 below.

[0028] [Table 2-1] [Table 2-2]

[0029] The Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) is a Support network and codec, security and quality of service Develop technical standards for cellular communications network technology, including service capabilities, including efforts to Recent Radio Access Technology (RAT) standards include Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCA). Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA) (commonly known as 3G) LTE (commonly referred to as 4G), and LTE-Advanced standards 3GPP is working on a next-generation cell technology called New Radio (NR), also known as "5G." The development of the 3GPP NR standard involves the development of next-generation wireless access This is expected to include the definition of new RATs, which will include new Provision for flexible wireless access and new ultra-mobile broadcasting above 6GHz The standard is expected to include provisions for broadband wireless access. Flexible wireless access will be It consists of new, non-backward compatible radio access in new spectrum below 6 GHz. It is expected that 3GPP NR will be widely adopted in the near future, addressing a wide range of 3GPP NR use cases with diverse requirements. It is expected to include different modes of operation that can be multiplexed within the same spectrum. Il Broadband is an ultra-mobile broadband solution for indoor use and hotspots, for example. It is expected to include centimeter-wave and millimeter-wave spectrum, which will provide broadband access opportunities. In particular, ultra-mobile broadband requires design optimization specific to centimeter and millimeter waves. Sharing a common design framework with optimizations for sub-6 GHz flexible radio access It is expected.

[0030] 3GPP has identified various use cases that NR is expected to support, resulting in , and diverse user experience requirements for data speed, latency, and mobility. The use cases include the following general categories: Extended Mobile Broadband (e.g., broadband access in dense areas, indoor ultra-high-speed broadband) Broadband access in crowded areas, 50Mbps or more everywhere , ultra-low-cost broadband access, in-car mobile broadband), critical communications communication, large-scale machine-type communication, network operations (e.g., network slurs) Issuing, routing, migration and interworking, and energy conservation ), and Enhanced Vehicle-to-Everything: eV2X) communications. Specific services and applications within these categories include: Some examples include monitoring and sensor networks, remote control of devices, and two-way remote control. Remote control, personal cloud computing, video streaming, wireless cloud Connectivity to base offices, first responders, eCall for automobiles, disaster alerts, Real-time games, multi-person video calls, autonomous driving, augmented reality, touch internet, Virtual reality, etc. This specification contemplates all of these use cases and more. is doing.

[0031] FIG. 21A illustrates a communication system that may embody the methods and apparatus described and claimed herein. 1 illustrates one embodiment of an example system 100. As shown, the example communication system 100 includes wireless Wireless Transmit / Receive Units (WTRUs) 102a, 102b , 102c, and 102d (generally or collectively, W (sometimes called TRU 102) and the Radio Access Network (RAN) 103 / 104 / 105 / 103b / 104b / 105b and core network 106 / 107 / 109 and the Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) 108 , the Internet 110, and other networks 112, but in the disclosed embodiments The embodiments contemplate any number of WTRUs, base stations, networks, and network elements. It will be understood that the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d, Each of 102e may be any type of device or network device configured to operate or communicate in a wireless environment. The WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d, 102 Each of the five e is illustrated in Figures 21A-21E as a handheld wireless communication device. Given the wide variety of use cases for G wireless communications, each WTRU is just one example. User Equipment (UE), Mobile Station, Fixed or Mobile Subscriber Unit, Radio Paging devices, mobile phones, personal digital assistants (PDAs), smartphones Phones, laptops, tablets, netbooks, notebook computers, personal computers smart computers, wireless sensors, consumer electronics, smart watches and smart clothing Wearable devices such as gadgets, medical equipment, eHealth devices, robots, industrial machinery wireless signals, including those from devices, drones, and transportation equipment such as cars, trucks, trains, and aircraft. Including or containing any apparatus or device configured to transmit or receive It is understood that the present invention may be embodied in various ways.

[0032] The communications system 100 may further include a base station 114a and a base station 114b. The base station 114a is in wireless communication with at least one of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c. Wired interface to the core network 106 / 107 / 109 and the Internet access to one or more communications networks, such as 110 or other networks 112 The base station 114b may be any type of device configured to facilitate Remote Radio Heads (RRH) 118a, 118b and transmitting / receiving points Transmission and Reception Point (TRP) 119a, 119b At least one wired or wireless interface with the core network 106 / 107 / 109, the Internet 110, or other networks 112. It may be any type of device configured to facilitate access to a network. The RRHs 118a and 118b wirelessly interface with at least one of the WTRUs 102c. In this way, the core network 106 / 107 / 109, the Internet 110, and other to facilitate access to one or more communication networks, such as other networks 112. The TRPs 119a and 119b may be any type of device configured to wirelessly interface with at least one of the TRUs 102d to connect to the core network 10 One or more networks such as 6 / 107 / 109, the Internet 110, or other networks 112 Any type of device configured to facilitate access to a communications network on As an example, the base stations 114a, 114b may be base transceiver stations. (Base Transceiver Station: BTS), Node B, eNode B, Home Node B, eNodeB, site controller, access point (AP), wireless Each of the base stations 114a, 114b is shown as a single element. Although shown, base stations 114a, 114b may be any number of interconnected base stations or networks. It will be understood that the text may include a line element.

[0033] The base station 114a may be part of the RAN 103 / 104 / 105, and the RAN 103 / 104 / 105 also acts as a Base Station Controller (BSC ), Radio Network Controller (RNC), Relay Node The base station 114b may include other base stations and network elements (not shown), such as a It may be part of RAN 103b / 104b / 105b, and RAN 103b / 104b / 105b also includes base station controllers (BSCs), radio network controllers ( RNC), relay nodes, and other network elements (not shown). The base station 114a provides wireless access within a particular geographic area, sometimes referred to as a cell (not shown). The base station 114b may be configured to transmit and receive signals. A wireless network may be configured to transmit and receive wired and / or wireless signals within a particular geographic area. The cell may be further divided into cell sectors. For example, the cell sectors associated with base station 114a The cell may be divided into three sectors. In one embodiment, the base station 114a , thus including, for example, three transceivers, one for each sector of the cell. In one embodiment, the base station 114a is a multiple input multiple output (MIO) Multiple Output (MIMO) technology can be adopted, so that each section of the cell Multiple transceivers per data source may be utilized.

[0034] The base station 114a communicates with one or more of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c over the air. They may communicate via interfaces 115 / 116 / 117, and the air interface The sensors 115 / 116 / 117 may be any suitable wireless communication link (e.g., radio frequency o Frequency (RF), microwave, infrared (IR), ultraviolet (Ultraviolet The air interface 11 may be a wavelength (UV, visible light, centimeter wave, millimeter wave, etc.). 5 / 116 / 117 may be constructed using any suitable radio access technology (RAT). can be done.

[0035] The base station 114b is one of the RRHs 118a and 118b and the TRPs 119a and 119b. and communicates with the above via wired or air interfaces 115b / 116b / 117b. The wired or air interface 115b / 116b / 117b may be any suitable Appropriate wired (e.g., cable, optical fiber, etc.) or wireless communication links (e.g., radio frequency Radio frequency (RF), microwave, infrared (IR), ultraviolet (UV), visible light, centimeter wave, millimeter wave The air interface 115b / 116b / 117b may be any It can be built using any appropriate radio access technology (RAT).

[0036] RRH118a, 118b and TRP119a, 119b are expressed by WTRU102c, 102 d via air interface 115c / 116c / 117c. The air interface 115c / 116c / 117c may be any suitable wireless Communications links (e.g., radio frequency (RF), microwave, infrared (IR), ultraviolet (UV) ), visible light, centimeter wave, millimeter wave, etc.). 116c / 117c may be built using any suitable radio access technology (RAT). can be done.

[0037] More specifically, as noted above, communication system 100 may be a multiple access system. For example, Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA), Time Division Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA), Frequency Division Multiple Access (Freq Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA), Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access) Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA), single carrier frequency division Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDM) A) and A) can be used. For example, 103 / 104 / 105, the base station 114a and the WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c; or RRH118a, 118b and TRP in RAN103b / 104b / 105b 119a, 119b and WTRUs 102c, 102d are universal mobile communication systems. Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) Terrestrial Wireless Access (T Wireless technologies such as Universal Radio Access (UTRA) may be implemented. Therefore, the air interface 115 / 116 / using Wideband CDMA (WCDMA) 117 or 115c / 116c / 117c may be constructed respectively. High-Speed ​​Packet Access (HSPA) and evolved HSPA (H HSPA is a high-speed downlink packet exchange (SPA) protocol. High-Speed ​​Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA) and high-speed uplink It can include High-Speed ​​Uplink Packet Access (HSUPA). Cut.

[0038] In one embodiment, the base station 114a and the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, or or RRH118a, 118b and TRP1 in RAN103b / 104b / 105b 19a, 119b and WTRUs 102c, 102d are Evolved UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access ( It may also implement wireless technologies such as E-UTRA, which may provide Long Term Evolution Air interface using LTE Solution (LTE) and LTE Advanced (LTE-A) Even if you build the base 115 / 116 / 117 or 115c / 116c / 117c respectively In the future, the air interfaces 115 / 116 / 117 will implement 3GPP NR technology. It may also be worn.

[0039] In one embodiment, the base station 114a and the WTRU in the RAN 103 / 104 / 105 RRH in 102a, 102b, 102c or RAN 103b / 104b / 105b 118a, 118b and TRP119a, 119b and WTRU102c, 102d IEEE 802.16 (e.g., Worldwide Interoperability for Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access :WiMAX)), CDMA2000, CDMA2000 1X, CDMA2000 evolution Evolution-Data Optimized (EV-DO), Interim Standard rd:IS)2000 (IS-2000), Interim Standard 95 (IS-95), Interim Standard 856 (IS-856), Global System for Mobile Communications Communications (GSM), Enhanced Data Rates for GSM for GSM Evolution: EDGE), GSM EDGE (GSM EDGE wireless access wireless technologies such as GSM EDGE Radio Access Network (GERAN) may be implemented.

[0040] The base station 114c in FIG. 21A may be, for example, a wireless router, a home node B, or a home eNodeB. B, or access point, and can be used in local areas such as a business, home, vehicle, or campus. Any suitable RAT for facilitating wireless connectivity in the area may be utilized. In one embodiment, the base station 114c and the WTRU 102e may be configured to communicate with one another using a standard such as IEEE 802.11. Wireless technology is implemented to create a Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN). In one embodiment, the base station 114c and the WTRU 114d may establish a WLAN. The 02d implements wireless technologies such as IEEE 802.15 to provide wireless personal area networks. A Wireless Personal Area Network (WPAN) may also be constructed. In another embodiment, the base station 114c and the WTRU 102e are cellular-based Routing AT (e.g., WCDMA, CDMA2000, GSM, LTE, LTE-A, etc.) As shown in FIG. 21A, a picocell or femtocell may be constructed using the base station 1. 14b may be directly connected to the Internet 110. In this way, the base station 114c , the core network 106 / 107 / 109 to access the Internet 110 There is no need to go through.

[0041] RAN103 / 104 / 105 and RAN103b / 104b / 105b are core networks It can communicate with the core network 106 / 107 / 109. 9 is for voice, data, applications, and Voice over Internet Protocol (Vo VoIP (Voice Over Internet Protocol) and other services are provided by the WTRU102a and 10 2b, 102c, and 102d. For example, the core network 106 / 107 / 109 may be a network for call control, Ring service, mobile location services, prepaid calling, internet connection It provides connectivity, video streaming, and performs advanced security functions such as user authentication. It can be done.

[0042] Although not shown in FIG. 21A, RAN103 / 104 / 105 and RAN103b / 104 b / 105b and core network 106 / 107 / 109 are RAN103 / 104 / 1 Using the same RAT as 05 or RAN103b / 104b / 105b or a different RAT It will be appreciated that the RAN may communicate directly or indirectly with other RANs in use. For example: The core network 106 / 107 / 109 may be a RAN that may utilize E-UTRA radio technology. Just connect to 103 / 104 / 105 or RAN103b / 104b / 105b and can communicate with another RAN (not shown) that employs GSM radio technology. .

[0043] The core network 106 / 107 / 109 includes the WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c. , 102d, 102e are connected to the PSTN 108, the Internet 110, or other networks. It can also act as a gateway to access 112. is a circuit-switched telephone line that provides Plain Old Telephone Service (POTS). The Internet 110 may include the TCP / IP internet protocol. Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) in the suite, User Datagram Protocol (UDP), Internet Protocol Interconnected networks that use common communication protocols such as the Internet Protocol (IP). It may include a global system of connected computer networks and devices. Network 112 is a wired or wireless communication network owned or operated by another service provider. For example, the network 112 may include the RANs 103 / 104 / 105 and RAN 103b / 104b / 105b may use the same RAT or a different RAT. It may include a separate core network connected to one or more RANs.

[0044] Some of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, and 102d in the communication system 100 Or all may have multi-mode capabilities. 2c, 102d, and 102e are connected to different wireless networks via different wireless links. For example, the WTRU 10 shown in FIG. 2e includes a base station 114a that may employ cellular-based wireless technology, and an IEEE 802.11a wireless network. 2. The base station 114c may be configured to communicate with the base station 114c that may employ two radio technologies.

[0045] FIG. 21B illustrates a wireless communication system, e.g., a WT, configured for wireless communication in accordance with embodiments described herein. 21B is a block diagram of an example of an apparatus or device such as an RU 102. The example WTRU 102 includes a processor 118, a transceiver 120, and a transmit / receive element 116. 22, speaker / microphone 124, keypad 126, and display / touch Chippad / indicator 128, non-removable memory 130, and removable memory 132 a power supply 134; and a Global Positioning System (GPS). :GPS) chipset 136 and other peripherals 138. RU 102 may be implemented using any subcombination of the above elements while remaining consistent with one embodiment. It will be understood that the present invention can include a base station. 114a, 114b, and the nodes that the base stations 114a, 114b may represent (e.g., among others). For example, Base Transceiver Station (BTS), Node B, Site Controller, Access Point (AP), Home Node B, Evolved Home Node-B (eNod eB), Home Evolved Node-B (HeNB), Home Evolved Node-B Node B gateways, and proxy nodes) are shown in Figure 2. It is contemplated that the present invention may include some or all of the elements shown in Figure 1B and described herein. is doing.

[0046] The processor 118 may be a general-purpose processor, a special-purpose processor, a conventional processor, a digital Digital Signal Processor (DSP), multiple microprocessors one or more microprocessors, controllers, or microcontrollers associated with a DSP core controller, Application Specific Integrated Circuit (AS) IC), Field Programmable Gate Array (Field Programmable Gate Array) FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) circuits, any other type of Integrated Circuit (IC), state machines The processor 118 may be configured to enable the WTRU 102 to operate in a wireless environment. signal coding, data processing, power control, input / output processing, or any other function The processor 118 may be coupled to a transceiver 120. , the transceiver 120 may be connected to the transmit / receive element 122. Although the processor 118 and the transceiver 120 are shown as separate components, It is understood that the transceiver 120 may be integrated into a single electronic package or chip. It will be done.

[0047] The transmit / receive element 122 communicates with a base station ( For example, it may be configured to transmit and receive signals to and from a base station 114a. In this embodiment, the transmit / receive element 122 is an antenna configured to transmit and receive RF signals. In one embodiment, the transmit / receive element 122 may be, for example, an IR, UV, or UV-sensitive element. It may be an emitter / detector configured to transmit and receive visible light signals. In one embodiment, the transmit / receive element 122 is adapted to transmit and receive both RF and optical signals. The transmit / receive element 122 may be configured to transmit and receive any combination of wireless signals. It will be understood that it can be configured as follows.

[0048] Additionally, although the transmit / receive element 122 is illustrated as a single element in FIG. 21B, the WTR The WTRU 102 may include any number of transmit / receive elements 122. More specifically, 2 may employ MIMO technology. 2 is for transmitting and receiving radio signals via the air interface 115 / 116 / 117. The transmitter / receiver element 122 (eg, multiple antennas) may be included.

[0049] The transceiver 120 modulates the signals transmitted by the transmit / receive element 122, and the transmit / receive element 122 As mentioned above, the WTRU 102 may be configured to demodulate the received signal. Thus, the transceiver 120 may be configured to allow the WTRU 102 to, for example, It supports multiple RATs, such as UTRA and IEEE 802.11. The transceiver may include:

[0050] The processor 118 of the WTRU 102 controls the speaker / microphone 124 and the keypad. 126 and a display / touchpad / indicator 128 (e.g., LCD display) (Liquid Crystal Display: LCD) display unit or Organic Light Emitting Diode (Organi c) a Light-Emitting Diode (OLED) display unit, from which the user can The processor 118 can receive input data. The processor 118 can transmit the user data to the speaker / matrix. Microphone 124, keypad 126, display / touchpad / indicator 1 28. Additionally, the processor 118 may be configured to output to a non-removable 130 or removable Access information from any type of suitable memory, such as removable memory 132, and The non-removable memory 130 can also store data in a random access memory (Ra Random-Access Memory (RAM), Read-Only Memory (ROM), It may include a hard disk, or any other type of storage device. 132 is a Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) card, memory This may include a memory stick, Secure Digital (SD) memory card, etc. In one embodiment, the processor 118 is a processor, such as a server or a home computer. access information from memory on a computer (not shown) that is not physically located on the WTRU 102 You may access the data and store it there.

[0051] The processor 118 may receive power from a power supply 134 and may be powered by other processors within the WTRU 102. The power supply 134 may be configured to distribute and control power to the components of the , may be any suitable device for providing power to the WTRU 102. The source 134 may include one or more dry cell batteries, solar cells, fuel cells, and the like.

[0052] The processor 118 may generate location information (e.g., longitude and The GPS chipset 136 may also be configured to provide the GPS coordinates (latitude, The WTRU 102 may use information in addition to, or instead of, the GPS chipset 136. In addition, the base stations (e.g., base stations 114a, 114b) communicate with the air interface 115 / Receive location information via 116 / 117 or receive signals from two or more nearby base stations. The WTRU 102 can determine its own location based on the timing of the signal. , while remaining consistent with an embodiment, position information may be provided by any suitable position determination method. It will be understood that it may be possible to obtain

[0053] The processor 118 may further be connected to other peripherals 138, Peripheral device 138 may include one or more software components that provide additional features or functionality, or wired or wireless connectivity. For example, peripheral device 138 may include a , various sensors such as accelerometers and biometric (e.g., fingerprint) sensors, and electronic compasses (e-Comp ass), satellite transceiver, digital camera (for photos or videos), universal serial Universal Serial Bus (USB) port or other interconnection interface devices, vibration devices, television transceivers, hands-free headsets, bluetooth Tooth (registered trademark) (Bluetooth) module, Frequency Modulated FM) radio units, digital music players, media players, video game players It may include modules, internet browsers, etc.

[0054] The WTRU102 is ideal for sensors, consumer electronics, smartwatches and smart clothing. wearable devices such as gadgets, medical and eHealth devices, robotics, industrial other devices or equipment, such as drones, cars, trucks, trains, aircraft, or other transportation equipment. The WTRU 102 may be embodied in such an apparatus or device. Other components, modules, or systems of the device may include one of the peripherals 138. connected via one or more interconnection interfaces, such as an interconnection interface This may also be done.

[0055] FIG. 21C illustrates a system of the RAN 103 and the core network 106 according to an embodiment. As mentioned above, the RAN 103 employs UTRA radio technology to WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c can communicate with each other via the interface 115. The RAN 103 can also communicate with the core network 106. As shown in FIG. The RAN 103 may include Node Bs 140a, 140b, and 140c. B140a, 140b, and 140c are the WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c, respectively. and one or more transceivers for communicating over the air interface 115 with the The Node Bs 140a, 140b, and 140c each have a specific The RAN 103 may be associated with a specific cell (not shown). b. While remaining consistent with an embodiment, the RAN 103 may further include: It will be appreciated that any number of Node Bs and RNCs may be included.

[0056] As shown in FIG. 21C, Node Bs 140a and 140b are in communication with RNC 142a. Furthermore, Node B 140c can communicate with RNC 142b. 140b and 140c communicate with the RNCs 142a and 142b via the Iub interface. RNCs 142a and 142b communicate with each other via the Iur interface. Each of the RNCs 142a and 142b can communicate with each other. may be configured to control each of the Node Bs 140a, 140b, 140c. Each of the RNCs 142a and 142b has an outer loop power control, a load control, an admission control, a power control, and a packet scheduling, handover control, macro diversity, security functions , data encryption, etc.

[0057] The core network 106 shown in FIG. 21C includes a media gateway (MG). MGW) 144 and Mobile Switching Center (MSC) ) 146 and serving General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) Serving GPRS Support Node (SGSN) 148 and Gateway GPRS Support Node (GGSN) 150 Each of the above elements may include at least one of the following: Although illustrated as part of the core network operations, none of these elements are part of the core network operations. It will be understood that the information contained in this document may be owned or operated by an entity other than the regulator.

[0058] RNC 142a in RAN 103 communicates with the core network via the IuCS interface. The MSC 146 may be connected to the MGW 144. The MSC 146 and the MGW 144 may be connected to a circuit-switched network such as the PSTN 108. providing WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c with access to the network a, 102b, 102c and traditional fixed wired communication devices. Cut.

[0059] RNC 142a in RAN 103 communicates with the core network via the IuPS interface. The SGSN 148 may be further connected to a GGSN 148 in the network 106. 150. The SGSN 148 and the GGSN 150 may be connected to the Internet 110. WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c to access packet-switched networks such as to facilitate communication between the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c and IP-enabled devices. It can be made smooth.

[0060] As mentioned above, the core network 106 may be owned and operated by other service providers. The network 112 may further include a wired or wireless network. .

[0061] FIG. 21D illustrates a system of the RAN 104 and the core network 107 according to one embodiment. As mentioned above, the RAN 104 employs E-UTRA radio technology to The WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c can communicate with each other via the interface 116. The RAN 104 may also be in communication with a core network 107.

[0062] The RAN 104 may include eNodeBs 160a, 160b, and 160c. It should be understood that 4 may include any number of eNodeBs while remaining consistent with an embodiment. It will be understood that the eNodeBs 160a, 160b, and 160c each 02a, 102b, 102c for communicating over the air interface 116. In one embodiment, the eNodeB 160a, 160b, 160c may implement MIMO technology. WTRU 102a may transmit wireless signals to WTRU 102a, for example, using multiple antennas. From here, radio signals can be received.

[0063] Each of the eNodeBs 160a, 160b, 160c is associated with a particular cell (not shown). This may be used for radio resource management decisions, handover decisions, uplink and downlink The system may be configured to handle tasks such as scheduling users in the network. As shown in FIG. 1D, the eNodeBs 160a, 160b, and 160c are connected via an X2 interface. They can communicate with each other via

[0064] The core network 107 shown in FIG. 21D includes a mobility management gateway (MME) 1 62, a serving gateway 164, and a packet data network (Packet Data Each of the above elements can include a core network (PDN) gateway 166. Although shown as part of the network 107, none of these elements are part of the core It is understood that the Network may be owned and operated by entities other than the Network Operator. It would be.

[0065] The MME 162 communicates with the eNodeB 160a in the RAN 104 via the S1 interface. , 160b, 160c, and may function as control nodes. For example, the MME 162 performs authentication of users of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c, bearer Activation / deactivation of WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c, and initial attack The MME 162 may also be responsible for selecting a specific serving gateway during the call. , and further, the RAN 104 and other RANs using other wireless technologies such as GSM and WCDMA. (not shown) may provide a control plane function for switching between

[0066] The serving gateway 164 communicates with the RAN 104 via the S1 interface. The eNodeBs 160a, 160b, and 160c may be connected to each of the eNodeBs 160a, 160b, and 160c. The way 164 generally transmits user data packets to the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, and 102d. It can be routed and forwarded to and from c. The eNodeB gateway 164 further controls user play during handover between eNodeBs. anchoring, WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c can use downlink data triggering paging when possible, and the context of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c It may perform other functions such as managing and storing text.

[0067] The serving gateway 164 may also be connected to a PDN gateway 166. Typically, the PDN gateway 166 is a gateway that connects a packet-switched network such as the Internet 110. providing WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c with access to the network a, 102b, 102c and IP-enabled devices.

[0068] The core network 107 may facilitate communication with other networks. For example, the core network 107 provides access to a circuit-switched network such as the PSTN 108. WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c. , 102c and traditional fixed wired communication devices. The core network 107 is an interface between the core network 107 and the PSTN 108. IP gateways that act as interfaces (for example, IP Multimedia Subsystems ( may contain or communicate with an IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) server Additionally, the core network 107 may include wired or wireless networks owned and operated by other service providers. The WTRU 102 provides access to the network 112, which may include a wireless communication network. a, 102b, and 102c.

[0069] FIG. 21E illustrates a system of the RAN 105 and the core network 109 according to an embodiment. The RAN 105 employs IEEE 802.16 wireless technology to an access server that communicates with the WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c via an interface 117; It may also be an Access Service Network (ASN). As discussed, the WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c, the RAN 105, and the core network Define the communication links between different functional entities with the network 109 as reference points. can be done.

[0070] As shown in FIG. 21E, the RAN 105 includes base stations 180a, 180b, and 180c and an ASN While the RAN 105 may include a gateway 182, it should be understood that the RAN 105 may be configured to include a gateway 182 while remaining consistent with one embodiment. It will be appreciated that the system may include any number of base stations and ASN gateways. Stations 180a, 180b, and 180c are each associated with a particular cell within the RAN 105. WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may be connected to the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102d via the air interface 117. 2c. The base stations 180a, 180b, and 180c may implement MIMO technology. , the base station 180a may transmit a radio signal to the WTRU 102a using, for example, multiple antennas. The base stations 180a, 180b, 180c, 180d, 180e, 180f, 180g, 180h, 180m ... 0c also supports handoff triggering, tunnel establishment, radio resource management, traffic Provides mobility management functions such as block classification and Quality of Service (QoS) policy enforcement The ASN gateway 182 can act as a traffic aggregation point. This allows for paging, caching of subscriber profiles, routing to the core network 109, and It can also be used to manage events such as performances.

[0071] Air interface 1 between WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c and RAN 105 17 can be defined as the R1 reference point that implements the IEEE 802.16 specification. Additionally, each of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c communicates with the core network 109. A management interface (not shown) can be established between the WTRUs 102a, 102b. , 102c and the core network 109 for authentication, authorization, Define an R2 reference point that can be used for IP host configuration management and mobility management. It is possible.

[0072] The communication link between each of the base stations 180a, 180b, 180c is defined by a WTRU between the base stations. R8 is defined as a reference point, including protocols to facilitate handover and data transfer. The base stations 180a, 180b, and 180c and the ASN gateway 182 The communication link between WTRU1 and WTRU2 may be defined as the R6 reference point. Mobility events associated with each of 02a, 102b, and 102c are used to It may include protocols to facilitate security management.

[0073] As shown in Figure 21E, the RAN 105 may be connected to a core network 109. The communication link between the N105 and the core network 109 is used for, for example, data transfer and mobile It can be defined as an R3 reference point that includes protocols to promote security management capabilities. The core network 109 includes a Mobile IP Home Agent (MIPHA). Agent:MIP-HA) 184 and Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting (Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting) The system may include an Authentication, Accounting (AAA) server 186 and a gateway 188. Each of the above elements is shown as part of the core network 109, which None of these elements are owned or operated by an entity other than the core network operator. It will be understood that it may also be used.

[0074] The MIP-HA can manage IP addresses, and Allowing 02c to roam between different ASNs and different core networks The MIP-HA184 can be used in packet-switched networks such as the Internet110. providing access to the network to the WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c, , 102b, 102c and IP-enabled devices. The server 186 may be responsible for user authentication and support of user services. The gateway 188 can facilitate interworking with other networks. For example, the gateway 188 may provide access to a circuit-switched network such as the PSTN 108. WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c. , 102c and traditional fixed wired communication devices. , gateway 188 may communicate with wired or wireless communications owned or operated by other service providers. The WTRUs 102a, 102b may access the network 112, which may include a , 102c.

[0075] Although not shown in FIG. 21E, the RAN 105 may be connected to other ASNs, forming a core network. It will be appreciated that the network 109 may be connected to other core networks. The communication link between the RAN 105 and other ASNs may be defined as an R4 reference point; The R4 reference point is the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c between the RAN 105 and other ASNs. The core network 10 may include a protocol for coordinating mobility of the The communication link between the 9 and other core networks can be defined as R5 standard, and R 5 The standard is interworking between home and visited core networks. The protocol may include protocols for facilitating

[0076] The core network described herein and shown in Figures 21A, 21C, 21D, and 21E Entities may use the same information as those attached to them in certain existing 3GPP specifications. Although they are identified by names, their entities and functionality may be identified by other names in the future. The specific entities or functionality may be subject to 3GPP N It is understood that they may be combined in future specifications, including the R specification. The specific network described and shown in Figures 21A, 21B, 21C, 21D, and 21E The network entities and functionality are presented as examples only and are not intended to be limiting unless otherwise specified. The claimed subject matter does not include any similar inventions now or hereafter defined. It will be appreciated that the present invention may be embodied or implemented in a communication system.

[0077] FIG. 21F illustrates, for example, a particular node or functional entity within the RAN 103 / 104 / 105. Titi, Core Network 106 / 107 / 109, PSTN 108, Internet 110, or other networks 112, as shown in FIGS. 21A, 21C, 21D, and 21E. An exemplary computing device that may embody one or more devices of the communication network shown in 1 is a block diagram of a computing system 90. The computing system 90 is a computer or may include a computer or server, and is primarily controlled by computer-readable instructions. The instructions may be in the form of software, the software being located anywhere or may be stored or accessed by any means. The readable instructions are executed within the processor 91 to execute the computing system 9 0. The processor 91 may be a general-purpose processor, a special-purpose processor, or a conventional processor. processor, digital signal processor (DSP), multiple microprocessors, DSP one or more microprocessors, controllers, or microcontrollers associated with the core; Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASIC), Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGA) ) circuit, any other type of integrated circuit (IC), state machine, etc. 91 is a signal processor that enables the computing system 90 to operate within a communications network. It performs functions such as signal encoding, data processing, power control, input / output processing, and any other functions. The coprocessor 81 can perform additional functions separate from the main processor 91. It is an optional processor that executes or assists processor 91. At least one of the processor 91 and the coprocessor 81 is adapted to implement the method and apparatus disclosed herein. The device may receive, generate, and process data relating to the device.

[0078] In operation, processor 91 fetches, decodes, and executes instructions to perform computing Between other resources via the system bus 80, which is the system's main data transfer path. Such a system bus transfers information between the components within the computing system 90. The system bus 80 connects the components and provides a medium for data exchange. data lines for sending addresses, address lines for sending interrupts, It includes control lines for transmitting data and for operating the system bus. An example of a service 80 is a Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI). :PCI) bus.

[0079] The memories connected to the system bus 80 include a random access memory (RAM) 82 and It includes a read-only memory (ROM) 93. Such memory stores and reads information. ROM 93 generally contains stored data that cannot be easily modified. The data stored in RAM 82 is then transferred to the processor 91 or other hardware. RAM 82 and ROM 9 can be read or changed by the hardware device. Access to at least one of the three may be controlled by the memory controller 92. The memory controller 92 converts virtual addresses into physical addresses as instructions are executed. The memory controller 92 can also provide an address translation function that converts In addition, each process in the system is isolated, and system processes are isolated from user processes. It can provide memory protection. Therefore, programs running in the first mode can only access memory that is mapped by its own process virtual address space. Unless inter-process memory sharing is configured, the virtual It is not possible to access memory within the virtual address space.

[0080] Furthermore, the computing system 90 may be configured to receive instructions from the processor 91, 94, keyboard 84, mouse 95, and disk drive 85. The peripheral controller 83 may include a peripheral device controller 83 that controls communication.

[0081] The display 86 controlled by the display controller 96 is It is used to display the visual output generated by the operating system 90. Such visual output may include text, graphics, animated graphics, and video. The visual output is displayed as a Graphical User Interface. The display 86 may be a cathode ray tube (Cathode-Ray T CRT-based video displays, LCD-based flat panel displays This was implemented using a gas plasma-based flat panel display or touch panel. The display controller 96 controls the video signals sent to the display 86. Contains the electronic components necessary to generate the signal.

[0082] Furthermore, the computing system 90 is 1E RAN 103 / 104 / 105, Core Network 106 / 107 / 109, PS External communications such as the TN 108, the Internet 110, or other networks 112 may be used to connect the computing system 90 to a network, e.g. , and may include communications circuitry such as a network adapter 97, thereby The routing system 90 communicates with other nodes or functional entities of those networks. The communication circuitry can be configured to communicate with the processor 91 alone or in conjunction with the processor 91. may be used to transmit and receive data from specific devices, nodes, or functional entities described herein. and receiving steps can be performed.

[0083] Introducing Channel Access Indicator (CAI) in NR-U

[0084] According to one aspect of the systems and methods disclosed herein, the NR-U Supports Channel Access Indication using Channel Access Indicator (CAI) The channel access indicator (CAI) indicates the cell occupying the channel. , which shows information about channel occupancy such as occupied bandwidth / spatial direction, occupancy time, etc. It can be signaled as follows:

[0085] An NR-U node is a node that can transmit and receive within the NR-U band. To distinguish between types of nodes in a channel, the following terminology is introduced: Sibling node: A node served by the same serving NR-U cell as the reference node. More specifically, the sibling nodes of a particular node are those that share the same serving node as that particular node. It can be defined as any co-channel node or any co-channel user with a cell Note: Co-channel transmission is either an UL transmission by a specific UE or a DL transmission to a specific UE. Possible. Node s is used to indicate a generic sibling node. Nodes in the same NR-U serving cell as the reference node are considered to be sibling nodes. This includes the gNB in ​​the serving cell. General node: A node that is not served by the same NR-U cell as the reference node. The same Public Land Mobile Network (PLM) number is used for N), another cell in a different PLMN, or WiFi It may contain nodes of other technologies. More specifically, it may contain general information related to a particular node. A node may be any co-channel node or any co-channel node with different serving cells. as a local user or as a serving cellular or non-cellular RAT of a particular node Any controller with a serving cellular or non-cellular RAT different from the AT Note: Co-channel transmissions can be defined as either a channel UE or a co-channel user. This can be a UL transmission by the UE or a DL transmission to a specific UE. g is a generic Used to indicate a general node.

[0086] CAI may serve one or more of the following purposes: Use Case 1: Demonstrates network domination for coexistence. Use case 2: Allowing nodes to distinguish between intra-cell transmissions and enabling spectrum reuse Improve. Use case 3: Ensure that there are no hidden nodes blocking access to the channel To do this, the receiver triggers a handshake. Use Case 4: Allows the receiver to know when the transmitter is transmitting This allows for power saving.

[0087] Use Case 1: Using CAI to Indicate Network Occupancy for Coexistence

[0088] When a sibling node or a general node detects a CAI, it will Therefore, it is not necessary to perform channel sensing during the occupancy period. Figure 1(A) shows that the gNB knows that the source, i.e., cell 1, has the exclusive right to transmit. This shows an example of transmitting CAI in cell 1, which indicates the channel occupation time. Node UE1 from cell 1 identifies this as an intra-cell transmission. Ordinary nodes such as UE2 from U-cell2 and gNB2 in NR-U-cell2 automatically transmit the Identifies the transmission as coming from a node outside your cell, but allows you to read the occupancy time. Node 3 in the WiFi network detects the CAI from the NR-U network. Ordinary nodes may perform LBT until the occupancy time of cell 1 has elapsed. Figure 1(B) shows the initial state when CAI is contacted by Cell 1. The method of response of the general node is shown. In this method, after the channel occupancy time of cell 1, the general node The node then restarts Clear Channel Assessment (CCA), which uses certain thresholds to An initial channel sensor that performs at least energy detection (ED) for a certain period of time. It's Sing.

[0089] In general, CAI can be signaled in both DL and UL. In Autonomous UL (AUL) and semi-persistent scheduling, the UE The UE's resources are semi-statically configured to the maximum channel occupancy of the gNB. It is not guaranteed that the time is within the Maximum Channel Occupancy Time (MCOT). In this case, the UE is classified as Category 4 LBT (CAT4LBT). The LBT may be performed in the UL after a successful LBT to determine the availability of the channel. Send CAI.

[0090] Use Case 2: Using CAI to demonstrate spectrum reuse

[0091] When a node notices that another node in its cell is occupying the channel, it It can adjust its threshold for energy detection accordingly: ,If the node receives energy from its sibling nodes, the CC without CAI is A higher threshold (lower) compared to the lower threshold (equation 1 below) typically used in A The following equation (2) can be used for energy detection to determine LBT failure. The method in Figure 4 illustrates this concept.

[0092]

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[0093]

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[0094] This feature allows multiple UEs to be multiplexed in frequency or time, allowing for better spatial reuse. This is particularly useful in the UL where the UE is able to reduce intra-cell usage and high energy If ,detected, the detected energy is from a multiplexed intra-cell UE, so The CAI allows the UE to transmit on a co-channel with its sibling nodes through multiplexing. Resource sharing: co-channel resources are multiplexed onto the same time / frequency resource multiplexed in both time and frequency, or multiplexed in time only, or multiplexed in frequency only, or multiplexed in both time and frequency For example, in NR UL, multiple UEs can transmit the physical uplink control channel (Ph Or they share (orthogonally) Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH) resources. Multiple UEs can communicate with each other in Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) mode. Non-orthogonal sharing of resources or multiple UEs time / frequency multiplexed for PUSCH As can be seen in Figure 2(A), UE1 has an UL transmission in minislot #1, UE2 has an UL transmission in minislot #2, and two time-multiplexed older brothers Take the example of a younger node: UE2 is blocked due to the energy level from UE1. Similarly, two sibling nodes can be configured within the same frequency and time resource for PUCCH. When multiplexed and running CAT4LBT for transmission, UE1 will join the channel earlier. Since UE2 may have a large random backoff, E2 listens to UE1 and cannot access the channel as shown in Figure 2(B). Assume that when sibling node UE2 performs energy detection, it detects the energy Therefore, NR Within a U-cell, multiplexed nodes should be able to transmit within their scheduled resources. However, due to the high energy level from other sibling nodes, CCA / LBT fails. There is a possibility of defeat.

[0095] As shown in Figure 3A, UE1 sends a CAI. Upon hearing it, UE2 The node transmits the scheduled multiplexed PUSCH.

[0096] To ensure that the UE's CAI is heard by other UEs, especially by multiplexed sibling node UEs, To achieve this, we propose to use a method similar to CAT4LBT. This causes the UE to back off randomly. The first UE to access the channel 3B and 3C, and other UEs with a larger backoff hear this CAI. As shown in 3C, UE1 accesses the channel before UE2 and transmits its CAI. UE2 performs CCA using threshold (Equation 1) as part of CAT4LBT. UE2 starts sensing the channel during its random backoff. As it continues to listen, it detects higher energy. So UE2 listens for CAI. UE2 detects the CAI and recognizes it as an intra-cell transmission. At this point, UE2 You can do one of the following: UE2 changes its LBT threshold to threshold (Equation 2) and uses a higher threshold. Continue extended sensing. If the energy is within this threshold, UE2 will UE1's PU is allocated within the Frequency Division Multiplexing (FDM) resource. The scheduled PUSCH is transmitted together with the SCH. This is shown in Figure 3A(B). The method is shown in Figure 5A. Due to the change in UE2, the current LBT will end and its random backoff timer will be reset. UE2 uses a threshold (Equation 2) to perform CCA (e.g., For example, a 25 microsecond CCA is performed. If successful, UE2 schedules The PUSCH transmission continues as scheduled. This is shown in Figure 3C. The method is shown in Figure 5B.

[0097] If the UE does not receive a CAI from a sibling node, it may send its own CAI. Figure 3D shows an example in which UE2 does not receive CAI from UE1 and transmits its own CAI. Other sibling nodes, UE or gNB, may hear the CAIs of both UE1 and UE2. Therefore, CAIs from multiple UEs may collide in time / frequency. According to one aspect, by utilizing the orthogonality / low correlation between CAIs from different UEs, This makes the UL CAI design robust against collisions. One way to achieve this is to provide different frequency resources for different UE CAIs. Another method that provides robustness is PRACH, which has good cross-correlation properties. It is through a sequence.

[0098] The CAI is also signaled by the gNB on cell 1 to indicate the occupancy time. The CAI receives the data from the server that is scheduled or configured to transmit during its dedicated time. For rule 1 UEs, it is possible to do so using a higher threshold for CCA. For example, in Figure 3E, UE1 and UE2 are connected to the gNB. When it receives a CAI from the To do this, a higher threshold (Equation 2) is used.

[0099] For UE, the threshold for LBT energy level detection is specified as part of the UL certification. via radio resource control (RRC) in a cell-wide or UE-specific manner. For example, two UEs are frequency multiplexed, and one of them is UE B. 1 occupies 80% of the frequency resources, while UE2 occupies the remaining 20%. , the threshold (Equation 2) by UE2 may be higher than that for UE1. is the V for the UE thresh It is possible to construct a table of values ​​for The index can be 1_1, The DCI format may be signaled in a format such as 0_1, 1_0, or 0_0. The BWP is configured to support fields for indicating indexes. If not, the UE will not respond to LBT regardless of whether it detects the CAI of its sibling nodes. Then, a threshold (Equation 1) can be applied.

[0100] It can also provide Radio Resource Control (RRC) configured values ​​to use in a particular scenario. For example, a gNB does not know the number of UEs it can access, so V t hresh may be configured to a specific value for PRACH signaling.

[0101] Alternatively, the UE may implicitly derive the threshold from the reference threshold configured for BWP. If the UE occupies a portion of the bandwidth portion, the UE may derive the base The sub-threshold may be scaled.

[0102] The CAI may be used as a reservation signal to ensure efficient use of the spectrum .

[0103] Figure 4 shows the general procedure at a node when it receives a CAI from a sibling node.

[0104] Use Case 3: Handshake between Tx and Rx to overcome hidden nodes Use of CAI for

[0105] CAI from the transmitter indicates that the channel is available to the transmitter. Also, before scheduling a large payload, the transmitter handshake to the receiver to ensure the channel is available at the This solves the problem of hidden nodes near the receiver. In this case, the CAI from the transmitter is treated as CAI-Initiated (CAI-I). The CAI response from the receiver is defined as CAI-Response (CAI-R). If the CAI-R is not received by the initiating node, the responder is considered to have failed, in which case the initiator may not send it to the responder until later. CAI-I and CAI-R can be transmitted by both the gNB and the UE.

[0106] When the gNB sends CAI-I, it checks the CAI-I before scheduling a grant to the UE. R. CAI-I is a protocol that allows an initiating node to pair with a responding node using a channel. It may be transmitted after CAT4LBT because it is intended to transmit Sensing at the responding node is performed by CCA (which is an unrelated Even with short sensing intervals, such as 25 microsecond sensing in licensed LTE, It may be of the form (or "broadcast"), which is short and prevents other nodes from occupying the channel during the sensing period. Reduce the likelihood of having

[0107] Figure 6 shows how a handshake between two nodes is established.

[0108] Figure 7(A) shows a two-way communication in which the gNB initiates CAI-I and the UE responds with CAI-R. This shows the concept of handshake between nodes. CAI-I implements the CAT4LBT procedure in particular. It may also be transmitted by the UE on the UL when the gNB channel is clear. Then, when the UE transmits an UL signal such as PUSCH or PUCCH, the gNB , may be responded to by CAI-R.

[0109] As shown in Figure 7(B), the CAI-R can synchronize to the symbol boundary. To achieve this, the responding node sends a reservation signal following the LBT. Receive CAI-R assuming symbol alignment. Synchronous transmission is performed in CAI. This is useful when the amount of information being transmitted is large and needs to be carried in signals such as PDCCH or PUCCH. It is beneficial.

[0110] Alternatively, as shown in Figure 7(C), CAI-I and CAI-R are separated at the symbol boundary. The CAI may carry only a few bits of information and may be transmitted asynchronously to the signal (e.g., with a preamble) in such a way that it can be detected through correlation between In such cases, asynchronous transmission of CAI is used to keep latency low. This is especially advantageous for CAI-R as it reduces the time it takes to complete the handshake. The response node sends a reservation signal after the CAI-R. transmits and keeps the channel open for at least the time it takes the initiating node to detect the channel. The initiating node can then reserve the channel to prevent other nodes from acquiring it. The node may send the data to the responding node without re-executing the LBT. A reservation signal may be transmitted after the

[0111] The reservation signal can be generated by repeating the CAI-R signal for the required period. .

[0112] The gNB uses CAI-R to detect the presence of a UE when other multiplexed UEs are transmitting. Being able to assess the environment, the gNB may occasionally trigger a CAI-R for a particular UE. The UE can trigger a scheduling decision and use the results to make future scheduling decisions. It can also transmit the detected energy level (during the LBT period) back to the gNB. This helps to detect the interference effect of sibling UEs on a particular UE in the UL, The NB can make a decision on UE multiplexing (orthogonal or non-orthogonal) based on the CAI-R. In this case, the UE may be RRC configured with resources for CAI-R, but The UE shall send CAI-R only if it receives a trigger via CAI-I.

[0113] Use Case 4: Using CAI to enable power savings

[0114] A receiver node, such as a UE, only monitors its transmitter, e.g., CAI. It can monitor the channel occupancy of gNBs in low power states. The receiver switches to a nominal power state and receives control and data channels from the transmitter. When the COT expires, the receiver goes into a low power state. The CAI may be monitored by returning to the normal state.

[0115] CAI-related methods

[0116] CAI sending occasions

[0117] If node 1 sends CAI at time t milliseconds, then T REL ms that node 1 is channeling Therefore, T REL =t+T оcc M seconds, but T оcc is the channel occupancy time shown. T REF The standard number known slots, OFDM symbols, subframes, half-frames, etc. The rest of the explanation is based on the standard numerology T in the sense of lot period REF Consider the example given: T оcc (Units are millimeters seconds) to T REF Therefore, CAI uses D bits. Then, T in the sense of the reference slot period оcc It can be shown that

[0118] Node 1 has value T оcc =T MCOT The largest T оcc However, T M COT is the MCOT time for that channel access instance of node 1 , T MCOT is based on the priority class for LBT used in channel access. In such cases, it may not be possible to transmit the M bits for MCOT separately. There is a match.

[0119] Figure 8 shows the T оcc Here, node 1 is T M COT =10ms to access the channel and send CAI in slot #N of the frame Node 1 intends to use the channel for 7 slots and then release it. Therefore, CAI is REF = 1 ms, T оcc =7ms.

[0120] node s and node g Use the following method to calculate T оcc can be manipulated .node s and node g In this case, when CAI is received, the channel availability timer is set to T оc c The node is set to s and node g is T REF Assume you know the counter is all T REF Decrement the node s and node g When the timer reaches 0, Expect the channel to be available when

[0121] The CAI ensures that the channel is truly released when the counter is reset. However, the CAI is always sent at the beginning of a slot. In addition, it is necessary to decode the CAI by taking into account the propagation delay and the receiver latency. To do this, s and node g After the timer reaches c ≥ 0, the channel monitoring A typical setting is c=1.

[0122] FIG. 9 shows a method for using a timer in a general node.

[0123] Furthermore, it enhances the detectability and has a different Discontinuous Reception (DRX) To ensure that the CAI can be received even by UEs with a known pattern in the COT, the CAI is The UE receives all occasions of the CAI. Therefore, multiple instances of CAI are used. CAI is transmitted in slot #0 and slot #5 of the frame. An example of this is shown in Figure 10. Both CAIs have the same T REL indicates, but T оcc is slot #5 It is decremented by 5, and 5 slots have passed since the CAI was sent in slot #0. Shows.

[0124] In this specification, it is assumed that node 1 increases or decreases its intended occupancy time within its MCOT. It is also proposed that the CAI can be updated by decreasing the CAI. In the first CAI sent when the channel becomes available, оcc = 7 ms For example, the following CAI transmission will use the updated T оcc T = 4 ms REL to 2 m By incrementing by s, T REL Change the node s and node g in The channel availability timer starts when the first CAI is received. оcc is set to Decremented for each bit (T REF ms). In this example, T REF is 1 millisecond When the second CAI is received, the timer is started at T оcc =4ms new The counter is updated to the new value, then decremented until it reaches 1 or 0, at which point it Then, the node s and node g attempts channel access.

[0125] In general, this method can be applied when a new CAI is received from any cell. That is, when a node detects a new CAI, it starts the channel availability timer Value T оcc Update to the latest value of T REF Starts the timer decrement every ms .

[0126] (UL transmission within gNB MCOT) For example, if a transmitter such as a gNB occupies a channel, that transmitter Tatter is his T оcc is shown in the CAI, thereby providing the value of Equation 3 below. However, T оcc During this period, the UE may be able to transmit on the UL. The UE then notifies other UEs that may also be attempting to access the channel. The gNB sends a UL CAI to indicate in-network operation or requests a response. In this case, the UL CAI may transmit CAI-R. , that T оcc is expressed as the time up to the following formula 3, not as the period of channel occupation. It is proposed to do so.

[0127]

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[0128] In the example shown in FIG. 12, UL transmission from UE1 is only one slot. CAI is T оcc = 2ms, so the node s and node g Channels available at The utility timer is decremented based on Equation 3 and is not affected by the UL CAI.

[0129] In this specification, the UE is referred to as a DL CAI or CAI-I to T REL It is possible to grasp Alternatively, it is proposed that the UE can obtain the explicit value of Equation 3 through a grant. do.

[0130] (CAI using omnidirectional and spatial LBT) When omnidirectional LBT is performed, a channel can be accessed by multiple beams simultaneously. In this specification, the nodes are defined as T оcc can have MCO It is proposed that T is the same for all beams. CAI is the T for each beam. оcc Including may be transmitted on multiple beams to indicate occupancy of a channel, including all beams. The same T оcc If we have T for all beams, оcc The fields required to indicate Just one is fine.

[0131] When spatial LBT is performed, the gNB uses different T REL have In this case, CAI is also used to calculate the T оcc It can carry information about Therefore, a receiver receiving one of the CAIs does not need to detect the CAIs on the other beams. Knowing the network occupancy in multiple spatial directions, which reduces the computational overhead considerably The spatial direction can be determined by the PBCH DMRS in the DRS or the specific CSI It is shown as a spatial QCL for one of the signals in DRS or SSB, such as -RS. Figure 13 shows an example where a gNB accesses a channel using beams B1 and B2. T оcc The CAI transmitted on B1 and B2 is Also, the CAI of some beams is CAI-I, and the handshake trigger However, the CAI of other beams may not carry a trigger and may only indicate channel occupancy. Also, gNBs may need to sweep their beams to transmit CAI. At the same time, even if the gNB has channel access to those beams, the location of the CAI is This may vary for different systems.

[0132] Information carried by CAI

[0133] · CAI can carry the following information: The field cellID, which may be related to the NCellID of the gNB, is 10 bits long and Alternatively, the number of bits obtained by the calculation of the following Equation 4 can be However, L may be a power of 2 such as 64 or 128, and This allows for smaller overhead while still allowing differentiation between different cells. The cellID helps the listening node identify the cell occupying the channel. ·T-bit transmitter ID field transmitterID. When a gNB (TRP in the network) is transmitting, the T-bit is It can be set to one value (Equation 5 below). - Fixed value common to all NR-U networks. · Cell-specific values ​​provided in the cell's SI. T=0. If the field is not present, it is from the gNB. This implicitly indicates that If the UE is transmitting, the T bit is set to the value (Equation 6 below) based on its ID. The ID is set to C-RNTI or configured scheduling RNTI ( Configured Scheduling RNTI (CS-RNTI) or connected It can be part of the C-RNTI or CS-RNTI configured by the network . A receiver ID field receiverID of R bits, where R may be equal to T. be. When a gNB (TRP in the network) is receiving, the R bit is sent in one of the following ways: It can be set to a value (Equation 7 below). Fixed value common to all NR-U networks · Cell-specific values ​​provided in the cell's SI. T=0. If the field is not present, it is from the gNB. This implicitly indicates that If the UE is receiving, the value is C-RNTI or CS-RNTI, or C- Based on the receiver ID, such as RNTI or part of CS-RNTI (Equation 8 below), ) The 1-bit field responseIndicator indicates whether CAI should respond to the response from the receiver. -R is requested (if set to 1) or CAI does not respond to the receiver with C It can indicate whether AI-R is not requested (set to 0). CAI-I uses a P-bit field to indicate the resource for transmitting CAI-R. You can carry the resourceCAIR. CAI-I uses the U bit to indicate the identity of the UE that must respond with a CAI-R. The field triggeredUEID can be carried. CAI-R indicates the energy detected during the LBT period preceding the CAI-R. To achieve this, we can carry an E-bit field detEnergy. By assigning a predefined threshold to Knowledge of the energy detected by the responding node is important, especially when multiple nodes are working together. When multiplexed, it helps the initiating node evaluate the responder's environment. An initiating node such as NB can set a threshold level for LBT at responding nodes. do.

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[0139] The following fields may be defined for each of the numBeams for which the CAI carries information: For directional LBT, numBeams = 1. Therefore, the following fields have a single instance: For spatial LBT, numBeams is used for different unlicensed beams in FR1 and FR2. It can be defined in the service band specification or configured in the SI of the cell. numBeams is the number of SSs in the cell. B. The instances in the payload are sorted in ascending order of SSB index. You can do this. - field intendedChannelOccTime. Intended channel occupancy time represented by the D bit T оcc ms. This means that the frequency is 15kHz for FR1, 120kHz for FR2, etc. It can be expressed in terms of the number of slots in the reference numerology, as follows: ·Period T MCOT Field mcotTransmitter indicates the MCOT of ms. This is the M-bit To, T OCC ≦T MCOT It is given so that The field freqResourceMCOT specifies the frequency domain frequency resource to access the channel. This allows listening nodes to access channels outside the specified frequency band. You can use it.

[0140] In general, CAI is used for different purposes (e.g., occupancy time, network usage, or to indicate a handshake) and may vary depending on the use case. The fields may carry different amounts of information.

[0141] CAI on one cell may indicate channel occupancy on other aggregated NR-U cells. For example, an NR-U PCell / Primary Secondary Cell (PSCell) can be It may indicate its own CAI along with the aggregated NR-U cells.

[0142] PUSCH starting position candidate

[0143] The implementation of LBT before UL PUSCH determines when the UE can access the channel. Therefore, the UE is forced to accept the Allowing multiple starting positions during a test provides a better tolerance to channel uncertainty. It is useful for dealing with

[0144] To support variable starting positions for PUSCH, two aspects need to be considered: be. a. Signaling of PUSCH starting position candidates: Necessary for gNB to detect starting position The overhead must be minimized. The hardware requirements for detecting the PUSCH must be simplified. To achieve this, the gNB must determine the starting position of the first PUSCH transmission from the UE within the UE's COT. The number can be limited. b.UL channel access indication by UE: Indication of UE at starting position The UE selects the first PUSCH in its COT from the set of allowed starting positions. It can indicate the selected starting position of the transmission, thus indicating the intended time of channel occupancy. A CAI may be transmitted on the UL by the UE to indicate the time between the RS and This may be explicitly indicated via a new signal such as a P This can be implicitly indicated via existing signals such as DMRS on USCH. By detecting the AI, the UE knows the starting position of the PUSCH. For example, If the presence of or cross-correlation) to detect the starting position of the UE's PUSCH Otherwise, the gNB may use the energy per received PUSCH symbol. This can be detected through energy detection.

[0145] Signaling PUSCH starting position candidates

[0146] The gNB can potentially detect the PUSCH transmission by detecting the DMRS signal from the UE. However, the gNB can detect the presence of a signal depending on the UE's channel access. The gNB must decide on the start of PUSCH transmission, which may vary. It is possible to blindly decode the PUSCH for the starting OS of the candidate PUSCH. For example, suppose UL approval is given for 14 OS slots. However, the UE The channel can be accessed only from OS#2, and PUSCH of OS#0 and OS#1 is punctured. The gNB then receives the transmission and decodes it assuming that the PUSCH starts at OS#0. If that fails, decode at PUSCH start position OS#1, and if that fails, PUSCH is decoded at the start position OS#2, and thereafter, it is decoded until PUSCH is successfully decoded. If decryption fails, assume that you started with slot OS#0 and continue with PUS Buffers PUSCH and schedules retransmissions of PUSCH. Retransmissions are received as a whole. Assuming that the original transmission started at OS#0, the gNB will perform chase combining. and failing that, assume that the original transmission originated on OS#1. If the Chase combiner fails, it assumes the original transmission started at OS#2. The blind decoding procedure stops if the attempt is successful. This could lead to a very significant increase in the hardware complexity of gNBs.

[0147] It is also important for the gNB to know the starting position of the PUSCH to minimize blind decoding. It can be seen that it is advantageous to enable the CAI transmitted at the start of the PUSCH. Once the information is available at the time of the PUSCH transmission itself, via signals such as It can avoid blind decoding while handling retransmissions through face combining. Even if CAI is not available to the gNB at the time of processing, CAI is still required before scheduled retransmissions. If information can be transmitted to the gNB, it may be possible for the gNB to reduce blind decoding during the retransmission process. According to one aspect, the UE can transmit its own channel via a preamble or UCI. Access information can be sent, which indicates the time when the COT was started. It can also indicate when the UE's COT ends. The PUSCH start position is recognized based on the original transmission before being chase combined with the retransmission. This concept is illustrated in Figure 48, where CO The start of T is indicated by the UE via UCI on the PUSCH. This occurs after the first PUSCH transmission initiated in

[0148] To keep the overhead of blind decoding at the gNB within acceptable limits, the UE must The PUSCH may be limited to be transmitted starting from the start position of the The method involves the gNB transmitting multiple DCI formats, similar to format 0_0 or 0_1. Transmits multiple DCIs to determine the UL DMRS configuration, MCS, and transmission power control. All parameters related to different PUSCH start positions, such as Time Phase Control (TPC), For this purpose, the UE may be provided with multiple starting positions for the PUSCH with the data. Then, the gNB shall transmit the same value of New Data Indicator across multiple DCIs. NDI and RV are available, but for example For example, fields such as time domain resource allocation, MCS, TPC, etc. may be adjusted. In this case, the UE may alternatively choose to receive multiple UL authorizations with the same NDI and RV values. The UE can interpret the LBT results as follows: You can use only one of them and ignore the other UL approvals. To provide the UE with sufficient processing time to prepare the CH, the previous DCI is For example, Figure 21G shows different PUSCH start times. The UE determines the location of the DCI based on the LBT result at the UE side. Only one of the following can be deployed.

[0149] Alternatively, all DCIs may be transmitted in the same CORESET, as shown in Figure 22 for example. These DCIs carry the same NDI and RV and the UL certifications offered are interchangeable. This means that it is possible for the UE to select only one grant and ignore the other offered grants. The UE provides the largest amount of resources first, then the second largest amount of resources. UL certification is available.

[0150] For example, in the DCI, there is a 1-bit field called the DCI repetition flag. The new field carries the same RV and NDI with the repeat flag set to 1. All DCIs in a group can be shown to be interchangeable, and the UE can You may choose to use the authorization provided by only one of the DCIs. On the other hand, if the repetition flag is set to zero, one DCI overrides the other. Here, the UE does not select which DCI to use, and the gNB selects, for example, The following rules determine which DCIs are available: DCI sent in a later CORESET is not DCI sent in an earlier CORESET. can be overwritten, and When multiple DCIs are transmitted in the same CORESET, the lowest physical resource block is used. DCI transmitted in a Physical Resource Block (PRB) is transmitted in a higher PRB. The DCI sent can be overwritten.

[0151] According to another aspect, a single DCI may provide multiple starting locations. Scrambled by RNTI (other RNTI can be used whenever applicable) This DCI uses a Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) to Information can be transmitted. Start position indicating the number of PUSCH start position candidates that the UE can use depending on the LBT result The size of this field is determined by a higher layer parameter, e.g., a parameter called maxNumStartPosit. This can be defined by the RRC parameters used. and / or using dedicated time domain resource allocation for each potential starting location. In this way, the starting position for each PUSCH starting position candidate can be signaled. The bit width of this field is determined as log2(I) bits. As shown in the field, I is the upper layer parameter pusch-TimeDomainAllocationLi The number of entries in st multiplied by the number of starting positions. Or / and the MCS field for each possible starting position. The bit width is the number of start positions indicated in the previous field plus the MCS for each start position. This is multiplied by the number of bits required to be carried separately. Or / and NDI and RV are the same for all PUSCH start position candidates. could be. Antenna port field for each PUSCH starting position candidate.

[0152] Reduces the overhead of transmitting multiple DCIs to indicate different starting positions of the PUSCH To do this, the UE must set a higher layer parameter, e.g., a parameter named PUSCH-start-Positions-set. It may select one of multiple location candidates given by previous RRC parameters. The location candidates are determined relative to the slot or the scheduled PUSCH. The PUSCH-start-Positions-set may be relative to the slot. If so, the UE selects one starting position candidate from the starting position candidates that overlap with the original PUSCH grant. Figure 23 shows the multiple phases for the slots with symbols {0, 2, 5, 8, 10}. 1 shows an example of a PUSCH-start-Positions-set that provides a PUSCH start position relative to the In this case, PUSCH is scheduled to start from OS4. The location may be the starting point for UL certification as indicated by DCI, or may be the starting point for certification. The starting position candidate is {5, 8, 10}, which overlaps with the possible one and corresponds to the result of LBT on the UE side. It may be one of the following.

[0153] Alternatively, the candidate start positions may be different from the original start position of the PUSCH given in the UL grant. In comparison, higher layer parameters such as the RRC parameter PUSCH-start-Positions-set determine the In other words, the index of the actual symbol of the starting position candidate may be given by After shifting them relative to the index of the first symbol in the UL approval The actual symbols of the start position candidates are given by PUSCH-start-Positions-set. If some of the indices are beyond the end of the scheduled PUSCH , the UE can ignore those location candidates. Positions-set = {2, 5, 7}, and the original starting positions provided by the UL certification are This is the fourth symbol. Therefore, the actual starting position candidates are {6, 9, 11}, and U E attempts to access the channel at one of these locations based on the LBT result.

[0154] Furthermore, to avoid signaling potential starting positions, they are aligned at slot boundaries or can be defined according to some rules regarding either the PUSCH grant itself For example, all even / odd symbols can be potential starting points. The starting position candidates are all symbols after the first symbol in the licensed PUSCH or slot. All L symbols can follow a certain pattern, e.g., L = 1 means one This means that every other symbol is a candidate for the starting position. The value of L is the authorization period, M It may depend on some parameters in the PUSCH grant, such as CS. For example, if L is Depending on the MCS, L is given by Table 3.

[0155] [Table 3]

[0156] In Table 3, I MCS is the MCS given the DCI providing the PUSCH grant, {}Equation 9 below is used to determine the higher layer parameters such as the RRC parameter PUSCH-start-Positions-th. The higher layer parameters may be provided by the MCS thresholds for any row. If it shows that, i.e., MCS th_(i-1) = MCS th_i In this case, these MCS thresholds The L in the associated line where both the L and the L appear is invalid.

[0157]

number

[0158] Table 4 shows the number of starting positions and their corresponding scheduled PUSCH periods. In this example, if the duration of the PUSCH grant is less than or equal to 3 symbols, L can be set to zero to allow the UE to attempt to access the channel at each symbol. If the duration of the PUSCH grant is 4 symbols, L can be set to 1. This means that the UE can try to access the channel every other symbol, etc. The value of L for different PUSCH grant periods may be given by a high-level parameter.

[0159] [Table 4]

[0160] Applying other mathematical rules, we can find the OFDM system whose index (L) satisfies L mod M=0. You can also define the index of the starting position candidate of the symbol. For example, some of the original PUSCH grant parameters such as MCS, grant duration in number of symbols, etc. Establishes a functional dependency of M on any of the original PUSCH grant parameters To do this, for example, you can use a table similar to Table 3. If any of the above rules are true for the slot boundary If applicable, the UE may only consider potential starting locations that overlap with the UL authorization. .

[0161] In another aspect, explicitly indicating potential starting locations (using higher layer parameters); Implicit (according to specified rules) denotations can be combined. The starting position candidates can be the union of the explicitly and implicitly given positions. In the absence of explicit indication of location candidates, the UE may apply the use of implicit indication. .

[0162] The above solutions and / or any possible combinations thereof may be extended to Multiple scheduled adjacent or non-adjacent PUSCs through one or more UL authorizations It will be appreciated that the UE may be provided with possible starting position candidates for H. As a possible solution, R The RC parameter can provide the UE with potential starting position locations. These locations are , relative to the scheduled PUSCH and relative to the slot boundary. Then, the UE selects the location where the PUSCH overlaps with the scheduled PUSCH. Only the following can be considered:

[0163] In the example shown in FIG. 50A, the start position candidates are the shortest positions in each scheduled PUSCH. It is configured as a shift from the first OFDM symbol, and the shift value is used as an RRC parameter, etc. As shown in Figure 50A, the shift value can be indicated by higher layer signaling. For example, in PUSCHk, the starting position candidates may depend on the S k Separated by where k is the index of the PUSCH. The UE uses the neighboring PUSCHs The shift can be indicated via higher layer signaling using a soft value. The set of levels may be indicated to the UE as {a, b, c, d, ...}, etc. Then, The UE uses S0=a for PUSCH0, S1=b for PUSCH1, etc. Alternatively, the UE can use higher layer signaling with a single parameter. Through the ring, the UE can determine the parameters to derive the starting position of each PUSCH. It can be shown that the PUSCH index can be used. The eigenvalues ​​can be a function of the eigenvalues.

[0164] Alternatively, the PUSCH starting position candidates may be, for example, as shown in FIG. 50B. The shift S starting from the first OFDM symbol in the scheduled PUSCH is Other rules can also be applied to define the positions of potential starting points. The UE may also receive the following information about each PUSC in addition to that indicated by higher layer signaling: The first OFDM symbol of H can also be treated as a possible starting point.

[0165] FIG. 50C illustrates a case where the start position candidates are defined relative to the slot boundary. The number and positions of the start position candidates are different for each slot, even if they are the same between slots. The higher layer signaling may indicate these locations. The UE may In addition to the first OFDM symbol of the CH, there is no overlap with any scheduled PUSCH. The candidate starting positions are then grouped into valid starting positions that the UE can use to attempt to access the channel. can be considered as a candidate location, while other starting locations outside the scheduled PUSCH Candidate locations can be considered invalid and the UE will not be able to access the channel at those locations. The higher layer may not attempt to start the UE. It can indicate the index of the OFDM symbol, e.g., a bit length of 14 bits. The OFDM symbol map indicates which OFDM symbol starts at which position if the corresponding bit is set to 1. Furthermore, each slot in a subframe / radio frame can be used as a candidate for placement. The UEs may have different positions relative to the candidate starting positions and are signaled to the UE. The concatenated bitmap for each slot and the position of the candidate start position are The gNB also repeats a group of slots every frame or radio frame. A pattern in which one group has a specific starting position candidate and other groups have different position candidates is , can be defined over a certain number of slots. This pattern can be applied repeatedly. For example, Figure 50D shows a pattern P=101 over three slots. In a turn, there are four possible starting positions for the slot corresponding to 1, and four possible starting positions for the slot corresponding to 0. Each slot has two possible starting positions. This pattern repeats every three slots.

[0166] The gNB semi-statically indicates a specific set of candidate starting position configurations, and the gNB then For example, gNB can adjust the arrangement of start position candidates. The gNB can then provide the UE with multiple higher layer configurations indicating different sets of By pointing to the upper layer message ID that carries these configurations, the MAC Control Element (MA The appropriate configuration can be selected using a MAC Control Element (MAC-CE).

[0167] Furthermore, by using DCI, the gNB can determine the appropriate configuration of candidate starting locations, e.g. , can dynamically denote a bit field whose length is equal to log2(k), where k is the configuration number indicated via higher layer signaling. or within a UE-specific search space and a group using the appropriate RNTI. The gNB may be indicated in either individual DCI within the common search space. The AC-CE may be used to signal a subset of candidate starting locations to the UE; The gNB can then use DCI to indicate the selected configuration of candidate starting positions.

[0168] UL channel access indication by UE

[0169] DMRS Scheduling Adjustment Based on PUSCH Starting Position

[0170] For PUSCH mapping type A, the DMRS symbol position is at the slot boundary. This allows the UE to follow the schedule / configured grants. Failure to acquire the desired channel can lead to ambiguous behavior. For example, Figure 21 and 22, when multiple starting positions are provided by dedicated DCIs, i.e. That is, when DCI is mapped one-to-one to individual PUSCH start positions, I is the appropriate DMR RRC configuration combined with the DMRS RRC configuration according to the PUSCH starting position. However, this does not include multiple S-scheduling information for the same grant. There is a significant overhead in terms of signaling and UE power consumption for decoding DCI. Therefore, to reduce this load, multiple DCI Rather than using In some cases it may be more useful to signal automatically (according to specified rules). Such static configuration allows the UE to schedule the DMRS based on the starting position of the PUSCH. In some cases, it may not be appropriate to adjust the ring. Several embodiments will be described.

[0171] Single User MIMO (SU-MIMO) In this case, several alternatives can be adopted.

[0172] PUSCH start before l0

[0173] If the UE is in a position before the channel l0 given by the higher layer parameter dmrs-TypeA-Position, For accessing the LTE network (3GPP TS 36.211, Physical Channels and Modulation (Released) V15.3.0 (3GPP TS 36.211, Physical channels and modulati on (Release 15), V15.3.0)), the D of the PUSCH selected by the UE as the starting position The MRS symbol and its new duration are compared with the DMRS symbol of the PUSCH with the old duration. As long as the UL DMRS is the same, the UE can deploy the configured and scheduled UL DMRS. For example, the PUSCH period can be equal to 10, 11, or 12 OFDM symbols. In this case, the DMRS occupies symbols 10, 9 as shown in Table 5 (3GPP TS 36 .211, Physical Channels and Modulation (Release 15), see V15.3.0).

[0174] [Table 5]

[0175] Figure 25 shows 12 UL DMRS symbols, OS0 to OS11, with one additional UL DMRS symbol. Transmission over an OFDM symbol is scheduled, but the UE fails the LBT. This figure shows an example of PUSCH where access to the channel fails due to the location candidate, OS1 When a channel starting from OS2 becomes available, the UE selects the P The USCH periods are 11 and 10 respectively. Therefore, the UE continues to use the same schedule. Modulated DMRS can be used.

[0176] On the other hand, if the PUSCH duration from the starting position selected by the UE is different from the original PUSCH duration, If the UE uses a DMRS configuration with the same number of additional DMRS symbols, the UE In the example shown in Figure 26, a new DMRS configuration associated with a new PUSCH period can be used. In this case, PUSCH is first scheduled for a period of 10 symbols from OS0 to OS9. One UL DMRS symbol is added, but the UE cannot access the OS0 channel. However, if the UE accesses a channel in OS1 or OS2, the UE The PUSCH durations at the start positions selected by are 9 and 8, respectively. Therefore, the UE , the UE can then use the PUSCH grant without using the old DMRS configuration associated with the original PUSCH grant. Uses new DMRS configurations associated with OFDM symbols in USCH periods 8 and 9 In this case, the DMRS must be in OS10,7 as shown.

[0177] PUSCH starts at or after l0

[0178] The UE determines from symbol l0 given by the higher layer parameter dmrs-TypeA-Position When accessing a channel starting at or after the slot boundary, the UE PUSCH mapping type A is mapped relative to the DMRS. PUSCH mapping is performed relative to the PUSCH based on the PUSCH period. It can be assumed that the UE is effectively changed to ping type B. In other words, the UE , l0 is set to zero, and the new PUSCH period and the higher layer parameter dmrs-additionalPoist Map the DMRS according to the number of additional DMRS symbols given by ion. Figure 27 shows the OS0 to OS1 DMRS symbols with one additional UL DMRS symbol. 1 is scheduled to transmit over 12 OFDM symbols, but the UE is The figure shows an example of a PUSCH where access to the channel fails due to a failure to When a candidate, i.e., a channel starting from OS5, becomes available, the UE selects the starting position. The PUSCH period due to this placement is 7 OFDM symbols. In this case, Thus, the UE uses 10 and 11 relative to the start of the PUSCH according to mapping type B. and 4, the UL DMRS is mapped according to the new 7OS PUSCH period. This can be done.

[0179] [Table 6]

[0180] As another example, FIG. 28 shows OS0 to OS1 with one additional UL DMRS symbol. 11 is scheduled to transmit over 12 OFDM symbols, but the UE is This shows a PUSCH that fails to access the channel because it fails to access T. In this example, U E accesses channels starting from OS7 and PUSCH from the starting position selected by the UE. The duration of the OFDM signal is 4 OFDM symbols, but only one symbol carries the DMRS. There is no DMRS position.

[0181] In the examples so far, these aspects are illustrated by a single symbol D with one additional DMRS position. Although illustrated with respect to MRS, these aspects may be applied to a single DMRS with any number of additional DMRS positions. Double DMRS with any number of additional DMRS positions can be applied to single symbol DMRS. It is also applicable to symbol DMRS.

[0182] FIG. 29 illustrates a procedure for adjusting the DMRS configuration according to the PUSCH starting position candidates. In the example of Figure 29, first, the gNB requests the assignment of PUSCH mapping type A. Then, the DMRS scheduling unit 100 sends a request and schedules the corresponding DMRS based on the PUSCH period. The UE must first initiate a PUSCH from the first scheduled OS. If the channel is available, the procedure ends. If not, the UE attempts to access the channel at the new starting position. To access the channel, the UE must use PUSCH mapping type A and a new The UL DMRS configuration is selected according to the desired period, but the scheduled DMRS configuration is , DMRS type (1 or 2), number of additional DMRS locations, and single or double From the DMRS symbol point of view, it is the same. To achieve this, the UE must retransmit the PUSCH according to PUSCH mapping type B and the new PUSCH period. L Select a DMRS configuration, but the scheduled DMRS configuration is not DMRS type (1 or 2), the number of additional DMRS positions, and single or double DMRS symbols In both cases, the UE transmits PUSCH with the new DMRS configuration. Believe.

[0183] In the case of Multi-User MIMO (MU-MIMO), i.e., other The DMRS of the UE may be different from the OCC sequence, but the same CDM may be used. le:CDM) group or using orthogonal frequency resources, the UE This is more difficult because other UEs share the same PUSCH resource. By shifting the DMRS of a UE, which is independent of the DMRS of another UE, This can lead to significant interference between the different antenna ports used by the To address this, several alternatives can be adopted, as explained below.

[0184] The UL DMRS symbols of the PUSCH from the starting position selected by the UE are As long as the UL DMRS of H or some of those symbols are carried, the UL DMRS of H may occupy the same symbol. This allows the UE to change the PUSCH starting position, e.g., to add three additional DMRSs. For PUSCH mapping type A with single symbol DMRS with position If the CH period is 12, 13, or 14, the DMRS will be the same symbols 10, 5, 8, 11 Therefore, if the original PUSCH grant period is 14 symbols, then the three additional D If the MRS is configured as shown in FIG. 30, for example, UE1 can receive the The UE can attempt to access a channel starting from the selected starting position. The duration of the PUSCH is equal to 13 and 12 symbols, respectively. For the H starting position, the UL DMRS is In this case, the starting position of the PUSCH of UE1 is set as After the change, the DMRSs of UE1 and UE2 are still orthogonal.

[0185] This is not always the case, i.e., the UL DMRS may not always be the same as the UE selected development The same symbol is used for the PUSCH from the start position and the first scheduled PUSCH. Therefore, according to another aspect, the UL D of the PUSCH with a new period is The symbol index set S of the OFDM symbols carrying the MRS new has an older period Symbol index set S carrying UL DMRS for PUSCH old To be selected from If the two sets are non-overlapping and S new Some of the indexes belonging to S old If they do not belong to S, then their indices are old to the closest index in Replaced. S old and transmits UL DMRS for PUSCH in the new period. Symbols not used for carrying data shall be used to avoid collisions between DMRSs of other UEs. Figure 31 shows 12 symbols, OS0 to OS11. 3. The example shows a PUSCH grant of duration equal to 1. The three additional DMRSs are allocated to That is, S old = {l0, 5, 8, 11}. or OS2, and the UE selects the PUSC from the selected starting position. If the duration of H is set to 11 and 10 respectively, unfortunately, the starting position selected by the UE During the PUSCH period from the position, the UL DMRS is new = {l0, 6, 9} This means that only 10 overlaps with the symbols carrying UE2's UL DMRS. Furthermore, the UE new 6 and 9 of Sold at the closest index of Substitute 5 and 8 respectively, S new = {l0, 5 6, 8 9} By doing so, the orthogonality between UE1 and UE2 is maintained.

[0186] Channel estimation from the last OFDM symbol from the last DMRS to the end of PUSCH To avoid extrapolating a large number of OFDM symbols, which can significantly degrade the accuracy of the If multiple OFDM symbols are required to carry the PUSCH in a new period, the PUSC The index of the last OFDM symbol of H can be used in the old period. old = {l0, 5, 8, 11} and S new In the previous example where = {l0, 6, 9}, the UE new By replacing 6 and 9 with 5 and 11, respectively, we obtain S as shown in Figure 32. new = You can have {l0, 5 6, 11 9}.

[0187] If PUSCH mapping type A is used but the UE acquires the channel after l0 In this case, PUSCH mapping type B is used to map the PUSCH from the starting position selected by the UE. The DMRS can be mapped according to the period H. L is the index set S of symbols carrying DMRS new But the old period of PUSCH UL If different from the index set of the symbols that should carry the DMRS, S new Each element of S o ld The symbol is replaced by the nearest element of the symbol. 3. The example shows a PUSCH grant of duration equal to 1. The three additional DMRSs are allocated to That is, S old = {l0, 5, 8, 11}. Failed to access a channel starting from OS7, i.e., starting after l0. If the channel is successfully accessed, the DMRS follows PUSCH mapping type B. The new PUSCH period is 5 symbols, so the UL DMRS is the symbol indexed by l0, 4 relative to the PUSCH start position OS7. Therefore, S new = {7, 11}. S new S old Compared to U E replaces OS7 with OS8, S new = {8, 11}.

[0188] If the UE accesses the channel with OS8, the new period of PUSCH is 5, and P According to USCH mapping type B, the index of the symbol carrying the DMRS is Relative to SCH, i.e., S new = {8}. In this case, as shown in Figure 34 So, the last symbol S is used to carry the DMRS. old cannot be used.

[0189] Furthermore, for example, as shown in FIG. 51, the UE may allocate the entire scheduled PUSCH It is possible to shift to a new starting position and simply add a new Instead of starting PUSCH transmission from a new starting position, the scheduled DMRS The new starting position can be shifted relative to the original position. Transmission over 12 OFDM symbols OS0 to OS11 with L DMRS symbols A transmission is scheduled, but the UE is unable to access the channel due to a failed LBT. An example of a failed PUSCH is shown. The position candidates shown in the figure, i.e., the channel starting from OS2, When a channel becomes available, the PUSCH start position is shifted by two OFDM symbols. The DMRS symbol is then shifted by two OFDM symbols and the new position is By shifting the entire PUSCH, the UE can It is possible to puncture / rate match the truncated symbols at the end of the PUSCH. Cut.

[0190] Depending on the new starting position, the new shifted position will be the scheduled PUSCH If the end of the DMRS period is exceeded, the UE shall transmit one or more scheduled DMRS symbols. For example, Figure 52B shows the first two scheduled DMs. An example of a UE transmitting only one DMRS symbol, but no RS symbols, is shown. , transmits DMRS symbols scheduled to be transmitted on OS3 on OS11. On the other hand, DMRS scheduled to be transmitted in OS9 is removed. It is possible.

[0191] The UE may, for example, use a small number of OFDM symbols in the first OFDM symbol of the new PUSCH starting position. This may be configured to transmit at least one DMRS symbol. All of the scheduled DMRS symbols are shifted beyond the end of the scheduled PUSCH. If all scheduled DMRS symbols are removed, The shifted PUSCH results in a shift in the number of scheduled DMRS symbols. If neither can be transmitted, higher layer signaling may specify the minimum number of DMRS symbols and their Furthermore, the remaining OFDM symbols for carrying PUSCH can be displayed. If the number of repetitions is less than a certain threshold, the UE determines that this PUSCH is successfully decoded. Since it is most likely that the PUSCH will not be transmitted. The threshold may be indicated to the UE by higher layer signaling.

[0192] PUSCH is not allowed to cross slot boundaries and the UE cannot receive multiple adjacent PUSCHs. When scheduled with the original schedule, each scheduled PUSCH is may not be shifted to start beyond the end of the slot containing the PUSCH. For example, Figure 53A shows an example of N PUSCHs scheduled by a UE, Three possible starting positions are shown for SCH0. Then, based on channel availability, Therefore, PUSCH0 can be shifted to start at any of the possible starting positions shown. If no channel is available in any of the selected PUSCH starting position candidates, or If the remaining number of OFDM symbols in lot 0 exceeds a certain threshold indicated by higher layers, for example If it is less than the value, the UE can remove PUSCH0. Then, the UE An attempt can be made to access the channel in order to transmit the USCH.

[0193] If a slot contains multiple PUSCHs, the UE may, for example, , all scheduled PUSCHs within a slot can be shifted. In the diagram, PUSCH0 has been removed because the channel is unavailable. The UE may attempt to access the channel to transmit PUSCH1. If a channel is not available, PUSCH1 and the following PUSCH2 will both be used to When any PUSCH reaches the end of a slot boundary, OFDM symbols that cross slot boundaries are punctured. Available for this PUSCH Since the number of OFDM symbols required is reduced, the UE can rate match / puncture the data. There is a possibility that ringing will occur.

[0194] Furthermore, the UE shifts the PUSCH to a new starting position, e.g., as shown in FIG. As shown in 4A, the scheduled DMRS symbols are One or more DMRS symbols may be added to the new PUSCH. If the symbols are before a new starting position, they are removed, for example, as shown in Figure 54B. The new starting position of the PUSCH is excluded for all DMRS symbols scheduled. If the PUSCH is greater than 1, the UE may abandon the PUSCH transmission. Then, the UE transmits all the removed scheduled DMRS symbols. A specific feature that can be transmitted, for example, via higher layer signaling, so that The compensation DMRS symbols may be configured with a fixed number of compensation DMRS symbols, their positions, or any other arbitrary configuration. In the example shown in Figure 54C, the start position of the PUSCH is at OS10, where all previous In this case, the UE will start P A DMRS symbol in the first OFDM symbol of the USCH may be transmitted.

[0195] Power boost on first PUSCH transmission

[0196] For the UE's first PUSCH transmission in the COT, the DMRS power is This boosts the DMRS in the subsequent PUSCH transmission. This ensures more reliable detection of the PUSCH in the UE and improves the estimation of the channel quality. This allows the PUSCH transmission to be rate-matched to fewer resources or to reduce the channel allocation. The block error rate (Bl The Block Error Rate (BLER) is improved. This concept is illustrated in Figure 35, where CA The nominal power of the DMRS sequence in the UE's first PUSCH transmission following T4LBT is It will be boosted.

[0197] Another use case is when the UE receives a DMR signal due to the location where the PUSCH transmission starts. If one or more OSs carrying S sequences are to be removed, the UE shall To improve quality, the power of the remaining DMRS sequences can be boosted. 6 is a PUS of type B where OS#0 is not transmitted due to lack of channel availability An example of a CH transmission is shown in Figure 1. The remaining DMRS symbols in the grant are power boosted, resulting in This compensates for the loss of the DMRS sequence in OS#0 to some extent. DMRS not present in S#0 and PUSCH not started in OS#0 The gNB identifies the DMRS of OS#3 and recognizes the start positions of OS#1, 2, and Attempts to decode PUSCH from 3.

[0198] Power boost value α DMRS-CAI is configured in the UE via RRC signaling This value is the actual transmitted DMRS sequence within the available PUSCH resources. may depend on the number of

[0199] Also, the power for PUSCH RE is set to the first power in the UE's COT following the UE's LBT. The PUSCH transmission may be boosted within the available PUSCH resources. The number of OSs available may be a function of the number of OSs available. If the original grant had N OSs and the UE had K OSs, If only K OSs are accessible, the UE can Power, P PUSCH,bооst =10·lоg10(α PUSCH-CAI N / K ) times, where α PUSCH-CAI RRC signaling is set in the UE via α PUSCH-CAI is a value greater than or equal to 0 and is used for channel access. It applies to the first PUSCH that follows. In a normal configuration, a value of 1 can be used. The UE Apply power boost only if there is power headroom for the specified N and K Otherwise, the maximum possible value for the device is PUSCH-CAI =ma x(P PUSCH,nоminal +P PUSCH,bооst ,P max ) You can boost. Here, P PUSCH-CAI is the first PUSCH transmission following an LBT is the power applied to max is the maximum power that the UE can transmit (P max U Depends on the capabilities of the E, or configured in the UE via RRC signalling, or both (It can be either way). P PUSCH,nоminal is the nominal power at which the PUSCH transmission is transmitted. The power level that can be used for PUSCH transmissions following the first PUSCH transmission is P P USCH,nоminal is.

[0200] DMRS sequence depending on PUSCH starting position

[0201] The UE is configured via RRC signaling with multiple DMRS sequences. In this case, the UE selects a DMRS sequence that indicates the starting OS of the PUSCH. This concept is illustrated in Figure 37, where the UE is connected to four possible starting locations OS#0, OS# The UE is configured with four corresponding DMRS sequences: OS#1, OS#2, and OS#3. When OS#0 accesses the channel, it transmits DMRS sequence#1. When accessing the channel, transmit DMRS sequence #2, and so on. Here, the gNB monitors all DMRS sequence candidates. Once it finds the sequence, the gNB infers the start position of the PUSCH transmission from the sequence. This method avoids the need to blindly detect the starting OS of a PUSCH transmission.

[0202] The sequence is generated by varying the starting position of a pseudo-random sequence generator. This can be defined by providing different initialization parameters. For example, Tan CAI can be introduced into the DMRS sequence, where n CAI Start of PUSCH When transform precoding for PUSCH is enabled, the reference signal The signal sequence r(n) must be generated according to Equation 10 below.

[0203]

number

[0204]

number

[0205] However, Equation 10 above is based on a low peak-to-average power ratio (Peak-to-Av) defined as follows: The PAPR sequence is dynamically determined by the DCI. For scheduled PUSCH transmissions, δ=1 and α=0. Low peak-to-average The power ratio sequence (Equation 11 above) is converted into a base sequence according to Equation 12 below. is defined by the cyclic shift α of the

[0206]

number

[0207]

number

[0208]

number

[0209] However, the above formula 14 is the length of the sequence. Multiple sequences have different values. It is defined from a single base sequence via α and δ. The base sequence (Equation 13) is divided into multiple groups.

[0210]

number

[0211]

number

[0212]

number

[0213] where Equation 15 is the group number, v is the base sequence number within the group, and each The group has a length of 16 (where 1 ≤ m / 2 δ ≦5) (v=0) and each length is expressed as formula 17 (where 6≦m / 2 δ ) two base sequences ( v=0,1).

[0214] The sequence group is expressed by the following formula 18.

[0215]

number

[0216]

number

[0217]

number

[0218]

number

[0219]

number

[0220] However, the above equation 19 is given by: The above equation (20) is calculated by the upper layer parameter nPUSCH-Identity-Transform-precoding. If the PUSCH is not the msg3 PUSCH, then the above equation 21 Otherwise, use the above formula 22 However, n CAI is defined as a parameter that identifies the starting position of the PUSCH. However, f gh and the sequence number v is given by: If neither group nor sequence hopping is used, f gh =0 v=0 If group hopping is used but sequence hopping is not used (see the numbers below) Equation 23),

[0221]

number

[0222] However, the pseudorandom sequence C(i) is a pseudorandom Gold sequence of length 31. It must be initialized at the beginning of each radio frame by

[0223]

number

[0224] When using sequence hopping instead of loop hopping (Equation 25 below) ,

[0225]

number

[0226] However, the pseudorandom sequence C(i) is a pseudorandom Gold sequence of length 31. The generator is initialized at the beginning of each radio frame by It needs to be done.

[0227]

number

[0228] If transform precoding of the PUSCH is not enabled, the sequence r(n) is It must be generated according to Equation 27.

[0229]

number

[0230] However, the pseudorandom sequence C(i) is a pseudorandom Gold sequence of length 31. The generator needs to be initialized using Equation 28 below:

[0231]

number

[0232]

number

[0233]

number

[0234]

number

[0235]

number

[0236]

number

[0237] where l is the OFDM symbol number within a slot, and the above equation (29) is is the slot number of the The upper layer parameter UL-DMRS-Scrambling-ID is provided, and the PUSCH is If it is not SCH, the upper layer parameter UL-DMRS-Scrambling-ID is used to calculate the above formula 30. Given the above equation 31, Otherwise, the above formula 32 and the above formula 33 are given. However, n CAI is defined as a parameter that identifies the starting position of the PUSCH.

[0238] DMRS resource density in the first PUSCH transmission

[0239] The UE is RRC configured for a specific number of DMRS sequences for PUSCH transmission. According to another aspect, when a UE performs a PUSCH transmission following a successful LBT, , the UE can use a different number of DMRS sequences. The first PUSCH transmission of that COT may use a different number of DMRS transmissions. This allows the gNB to improve channel estimation and, as a result, reduce punctured and The BLER on PUSCH when rate-matched to fewer resources is The DMRS configuration for PUSCH following a successful LBT can be improved by RRC signaling to the UE. As can be seen in Figure 38, the first PUSCH following the LBT In the transmission, the DMRS density is high compared to the next PUSCH transmission in the UE's COT. , the time resources of DMRS are different. Here, the UE uses two Us of PUSCH type B. L grant, the first PUSCH transmission is OS#{0, 3, 6, 9}, and the subsequent P For USCH transmission, RRC is configured to transmit DMRS on OS#{0, 10}. .

[0240] UL preamble to indicate variable start position

[0241] The UE uses the UL preamble to indicate the start position of the first PUSCH following the LBT. The PUSCH resource is associated with the location of this preamble. For example, the PUSCH can start with the same OS as the preamble, as shown in Figure 39. In this example, the preamble is transmitted in every other RE. The set can include any set of time / frequency resources configured for the UE. The gNB monitors and detects the preamble, and upon detecting it, the gNB Find PUSCH in S.

[0242] The gNB configures the spatial direction of the transmission of the preamble. For example, the preamble The preamble may have the same correspondence as the DMRS sequence of the USCH transmission. Alternatively, the preamble may be It is transmitted in different spatial directions corresponding to different RSs such as SSB / PBCH or CSI-RS. If the preamble resource collides with the DMRS resource of the PUSCH, the DMR The S is removed and the preamble is sent.

[0243] Furthermore, the preamble should be coded as shown in Figure 40 so that the gNB can easily detect it. In addition, the frequency resource may be narrower than the bandwidth of the PUSCH. the PUSCH resource in the grant, e.g., offset from the lowest RB of the PUSCH It can be configured relative to the center of the carrier as shown in FIG. 40B. It can also be fixed.

[0244] The preamble sequence is configured to the UE via RRC signaling. The sequence may be configured UE-specific or commonly across UEs.

[0245] If the UE is specially configured, the preamble has the same sequence as the DMRS for PUSCH. The preamble may only apply to the entire frequency resource of the PUSCH. This can be done.

[0246] The preamble corresponds to a DL RS such as SSB, CSI-RS, or DMRS. For example, the preamble may be transmitted with the same DMRS as the PUSCH following the preamble. Alternatively, the correspondence may be configured via RRC signaling to the UE. do.

[0247] In addition to indicating the start of a PUSCH transmission, the preamble also indicates the duration of the UE's COT. A set of preambles may be configured for the UE. The preamble may indicate a specific duration of the COT. The UE may determine its intended channel occupancy period. Depending on the time, the preamble to be transmitted can be selected. For example, For autonomous UL transmission, the gNB must provide a buffer status report (Buffer Status Report). Without higher layer information such as a Base Station Receiver Report (BSR), the number of PUSCH transmissions from the UE is unknown. To reduce latency, the preamble can be The duration of the configured granted resources can be indicated by PHY signaling over This allows the gNB to plan resources according to the UE's COT and This helps enable efficient COT sharing between the two parties.

[0248] If the preamble sequence is common to multiple UEs, other nodes will not be able to use the channel. The preamble allows for improved power efficiency and coexistence by allowing the If the preamble is common to both DL and UL, coexistence becomes easier. The location of the preamble resource can be common for DL ​​and UL. The preamble may be rate matched around the PUSCH, or the preamble may be panned to the PUSCH. You can also crunch it.

[0249] For PUSCH mapping type B for either SU-MIMO or MU-MIMO In this case, the location of the DMRS symbol is defined relative to the PUSCH resource. Therefore, the UE may select a different PUSCH starting position than the one originally scheduled. In this case, the UE can transmit UL DMRS symbols according to PUSCH Type B. In this case, the first DMRS symbol is the PUSCH from the starting position selected by the UE. The location and number of additional DMRS symbols can be PUS from the location selected by the UE according to the DMRS mapping rules for PUSCH Type B For example, Figure 49 shows two additional UL DMRS symbols. Scheduled to transmit over 8 OFDM symbols from OS5 to OS12 with PU that is connected to the channel but fails to access the channel due to the UE failing the LBT An example of SCH is shown below. The position candidates shown in the figure, i.e., channels starting with OS7, are available. Then, the PUSCH duration based on the starting position selected by the UE is 6 OFDM symbols. In this case, as shown in Figure 49, the UE uses the PUSCH according to mapping type B. According to the new 6OS PUSCH period, 10 and 4 relative to the start, UL D The MRS can be mapped.

[0250] Transmitting PUSCH in available symbols

[0251] Some of the above procedures may result in the UE failing to access the channel at the start of the UL authorization. In this case, from which starting position the UE can attempt to access the channel It allows gNB and UE to have the same understanding. The method involves determining how the DMRS is affected by shifting the starting position, and It can be used to indicate which PUSCH candidate position the UE should select. The procedure for puncturing and adapting the MCS and the piggybacked The following describes how UCI can be transmitted.

[0252] Puncturing

[0253] In a simple step, the UE generates a PUSCH based on the authorization provided by the gNB. After that, the UE will use some of those symbols without adjusting the UL DMRS position. According to one aspect, the UE may puncture one PUSCH grant and transmit another. Puncture all symbols from the beginning of the Figure 41 shows three additional DMs configured to occupy 10, 5, 8, and 11. An example of a PUSCH grant with RS from OS0 to OS11 of duration equal to 12 symbols is shown below. When a UE accesses a channel starting from OS7, the UE must use OS0 to OS6. Can be punctured.

[0254] In some situations, especially the last two OFDM symbols of the PUSCH may not carry any DMRS. If all DMRS symbols are punctured because they may not carry , the remaining DMRS may not be enough to allow the gNB to obtain accurate channel estimation. Therefore, according to another aspect, in order to obtain reliable decoding at the gNB, A small number of the required DMRS symbols can be transmitted. The remaining DMRS symbols are If it is less than the minimum threshold, the gNB is likely to be able to decode the transmitted PUSCH. Because it is low, the UE can forgo UL transmission to reduce power consumption.

[0255] This threshold is used to determine whether a required DMRS symbol or an already scheduled DMRS symbol is present. An RRC parameter called min_DMRS_num may provide an absolute minimum number of parts of the symbol. This can be configured by higher layer parameters. The number depends on the scheduled PUSCH grant parameters such as MCS and PUSCH period. Table 7 shows the number of DMRS symbols required as a function of the scheduled MCS. Here is an example of the minimum number:MCS is the MC given to the DCI that provides the PUSCH authorization. Furthermore, {} Equation 34 below is a higher-level parameter such as the RRC parameter min_DMRS_num. The upper layer parameters may be provided by the MCS threshold for any row. If it shows equality, i.e., MCS th_(i-1) = MCS th_i In the case of these M The minimum number of required DMRS symbols for the associated row where both CS thresholds appear is invalid.

[0256]

number

[0257] [Table 7]

[0258] Similarly, the minimum number of DMRS symbols required is determined by the PUSCH period, e.g., as shown in Table 7. where L is the actual number of OFDM symbols that can be transmitted, and }The following Equation 35 is calculated by using higher layer parameters such as the RRC parameter min_DMRS_num. A higher layer parameter may be provided to ensure that the PUSCH duration thresholds for any row are equal. If it shows, i.e., D th_(i-1) = D th_i In this case, both of these MCS thresholds If the minimum number of required DMRS symbols for the associated row in which it appears is invalid.

[0259]

number

[0260] [Table 8]

[0261] In addition, in the case of MU-MIMO scheduling, direct communication between simultaneously scheduled UEs is To avoid losing coherence, puncturing may be used. may use only one of the selected DMRS symbols, May not attempt to adjust UL DMRS based on PUSCH duration from start position. do.

[0262] MCS adaptation

[0263] License Transport Block Size (TBS) is fixed Assuming that the LBT results are not dependent on the scheduled PUSCH, The associated MCS is not a valid MCS for transmitting the entire TBS in one transmission. On the other hand, the UE may decide to use the MCS associated with the scheduled PUSCH. ,automation based on the results of LBT without a common understanding between UE and gNB about the new MCS. If the MCS is changed regularly, detecting the used MCS will be a significant burden for the gNB. do.

[0264] If multiple PUSCH start positions are signals via multiple DCIs as described above, The appropriate MCS associated with the new PUSCH starting position is signaled in these DCIs. It is possible.

[0265] If multiple PUSCH starting positions are configured via higher layer parameters, the new M CS may be determined as a function of several parameters provided in the PUSCH grant. For example, the new MCS may be modified to accommodate the PUSCH grants, such as the PUSCH period and MCS, and the As shown in Fig. 1, the PUSCH period depends on the starting position selected by the UE based on the LBT result. It can exist.

[0266] [Table 9]

[0267] where L is the PUSCH duration as provided in the UL approval in terms of symbols. , I MCS is the MCS given in the PUSCH grant. new, N(L-1) I MCS In function of It is possible. For example, I new, x = max {2 I MCS , MCS_max} is the new MCS. Twice the MCS given in the PUSCH grant with a specific maximum MCS, denoted MCS_max This means that

[0268] Alternatively, the UE may transmit a piggybacked UCI on the PUSCH. It can autonomously change MCS and indicate the selected MCS. The UCI can be transmitted at the specified location during the new PUSCH period. The gNB first transmits the backed-up UCI after the first DMRS symbol. I is decoded to know the MCS selected by the UE, and then the data portion in the PUSCH can be decoded.

[0269] Instead of transmitting UCI to carry the selected MCS, the UL DMRS is selected. For example, the UE may be provided with some initialization sequence. They have a one-to-one mapping relationship with the MCS candidates. The gNB knows the selected MCS by knowing the DMRS initialization sequence. This generates the DMRS initialization sequence using the following equation (Equation 36 below): This is achieved by signaling multiple values ​​(Equation 37 below) used for It is possible.

[0270]

number

[0271]

number

[0272] The additional value (Equation 37) is, for example, an RRC parameter such as scrambling_to_MCS_mapping. The other parameters in the above equation are given by the upper layer parameters such as The gNB blindly detects the DMRS and the corresponding initialization to detect the MCS. It needs to be detected purposefully.

[0273] Piggybacked UCI transmission

[0274] If the PUSCH symbols are punctured or shifted based on the LBT result, ,Piggybacked UCI will be the first few OFDM synthesizers at the start of PUSCH authorization. If it is mapped to a ball, piggybacked UCIs may be affected. According to another aspect, the UCI may have a higher priority than the PUSCH. The CI may carry either no DMRS or the first single-symbol / double-symbol DMRS. It can be transmitted at the first available symbol immediately after transmission.

[0275] Based on the LBT result, there are very few OFDM symbols available for UL transmission and thus, especially when the size of UCI is large, there may not be enough resources to carry UCI. Therefore, according to another aspect, specific priority rules can be defined to specify which content of UCI can be removed. For example, · The part 2 CSI report may have a lower priority than the part 1 CSI report . · The part 2 CSI report may have a lower priority than the acknowledgement / negative acknowledgement (ACK / NACK) feedback . · The part 1 CSI report may have a lower priority than the ACK / NACK feedback .

[0276] Since the content of UCI can vary according to the LBT result, blindly decoding different UCIs with different contents can be a burden for the gNB. Thus, according to another aspect, the UL DMRS can indicate the content of the piggybacked UCI . For example, if the content of UCI is divided into three categories, namely, part 2 CSI report < part 1 CSI report < ACK / NACK feedback, the possible DMRS initialization sequences can be divided into three groups, and each group of the initialization sequences corresponds to a specific UCI category.

[0277] CAI signaling

[0278] CAI is especially latency-sensitive and can be read by other general nodes. If necessary, it may be signaled entirely as a PHY signal, but latency may be an issue. In scenarios where this is not the case, it may be transmitted via higher layer signaling.

[0279] CAI PHY signaling

[0280] Signaling via PDCCH in a common search space

[0281] In DL, NR DCI can carry the payload and is transmitted using PDCCH. , can be signaled to the CAI in the physical layer.

[0282] The intention is that sibling nodes and general nodes will be able to receive (at least from other NR-U cells) The purpose of the PDCCH is to enable detection of CAI transmitted by nodes within the PDCCH. The DL-CAI- Therefore, ordinary nodes know the CAI-RNTI. and the remaining minimum system information (Remaining MSI) of the cell is used to obtain its CAI-RNTI. There is no need to obtain Maximum System Information (RMSI).

[0283] If the NR-U cell is in a DC or Stand-Alone (SA) deployment, The DL CAI can be signaled on the PBCH and RMSI. may be transmitted within the CORESET and common search space of Index 0. gNBs periodically detect each other's presence and signal their UEs to The gNB can also monitor the cell ID for CAI. Synchronization information can be provided to the UE so that it does not need to perform synchronization with the Therefore, sibling nodes and general nodes can detect the presence and location of the PBCH of coexisting NR-U cells. The cell that occupies the channel is the one with CORESET index 0. The sibling nodes and general nodes can detect the CAI. The method for detecting CAI is shown in Figure 14. Here, gNB2 and its UE are general nodes, and gNB1 uses CAI on cell 1. Send.

[0284] In an NR-U cell in carrier aggregation with a licensed PCell, The PCell is used by sibling nodes to monitor the DL-CAI-RNTI DCI on NR-U cells. Alternatively, you can configure a CORESET to use the SSB / RMSI signal. It can also exist within a Cell, allowing general nodes to monitor the CAI.

[0285] D with CRC scrambled by DL-CAI-RNTI for CAI For the CI format, a Type 0 B-PDCCH common search can be introduced. Type 0B-PDCCH common search space monitoring occasion SS / PBCH block interval The relationship between the index and the monitoring occasion of the Type 0-PDCCH common search space is The UE may use the P DMRS antenna ports associated with DCCH reception and SS / PBCH reception The associated DMRS antenna port is tuned for delay spread, Doppler spread, and Doppler shift. , mean delay, and spatial Rx parameters. The DMRS scrambling sequence initialization value can be set as follows: . · Can be set to a fixed constant defined by the specification. -Can be set to cell ID.

[0286] The length of the DCI based on the DL-CAI-RNTI is defined in the specification or by the RMSI DCI length monitored in CORESET index 0 If the number of NR-U UEs exceeds the maximum limit in NR during a monitoring occasion, the NR-U UE DCI surveillance of the may cease.

[0287] The higher layer parameter dlCAIPeriod is defined to indicate the periodicity of signaling CAI. (As can be seen in Figures 10 and 11, CAI can be implemented by gNB in ​​MCOT.) (The signal is signaled multiple times to ensure that listening nodes do not miss the signal.)

[0288] Not all cells may support the transmission of CAI. One bit of the PBCH It may indicate whether the cell supports CAI transmission.

[0289] Alternatively, the CAI may be multicast to a group of UEs. The CAI is transmitted using a PDCCH (for example, a PDCCH with DCI format 2_0). This PDCCH can carry the GC-CAI-RNTI configuration for the CAI. DCI will have the same information as the group and can be decoded by UEs in the RRC connected state. scrambled with Group Common RNT1 "GC-CAI-RNTI" It is possible.

[0290] It is advantageous for a node such as a gNB to indicate the initiation of channel access to a UE. This allows the UE to receive valid CSI-RS, DRS, SSB / PBCH, and PRACH OK signals. John, and resources for COT sharing with gNB and configured authorization resources The existence of at least one of them can be identified.

[0291] The DCI with DL-CAI-RNTI is used by the gNB to provide the status of the COT. The DCI may carry up to C bits indicating the COT of the gNB. C can be configured in the UE via RRC signaling or predefined in the specification. For example, for MCOT up to 10 ms, C=4. DCI is The bandwidth over which OT is valid, e.g., the bandwidth corresponding to B 20 MHz sub-bands in the spectrum. It can also carry a bitmap of B bits that allows gNBs to access the channel. The bit corresponding to the set of Hz subbands is set to 1. In this case, the UE CAI-RNTI and Slot Format Indication RNTI When the DCI with both the channel access It is possible to ignore the SFI of a slot indicated by the CAI-RNTI that there is no access. Alternatively, the DCI may specify the slot format of the N slots of the COT. The DL-CAI-RNTI indicates the COT. It can be SFI-RNTI that provides format indication. DL, Flexi The "D" present in the slot format to identify the BULL and UL states, respectively. In addition to the "X", and "U" states, a "Nu" state is used to identify invalid channel access. A "null" format may be introduced. For example, the slot format "NNNNN "NNNNNNNNN" indicates that the channel access This means that no access is available. A mat can also be defined as "XXXXXXXNNNNNNN", in which case The last seven symbols of the slot are outside the COT of the node, so the channel access DCI may carry a slot format with many slots. Therefore, when a null format is detected for a symbol, the UE It is possible to recognize that the channel cannot be accessed and ignore the SFI of the symbol following the null. The second DCI with the bandwidth-RNTI (BW-RNTI) is It can carry information about the 20 MHz sub-bands in which OT is valid. I can be detected during the same CORESET and monitoring occasions as SFI-RNTI Therefore, the UE uses both the SFI-RNTI and BW-RNTI to communicate with the gNB. In the case of directional LBT, the COT determines the bandwidth and time of channel access. In this case, a single DCI provides COT information for multiple spatial directions. Therefore, the DCI can carry the TCI status of each COT it represents. Alternatively, the DCI can carry the COTs for D spatial directions configured for the UE. D can be used to check whether the RMSI or other system information (OS I) or can be configured in a UE specific way. DCI received in a spatial direction may indicate the COT for that spatial direction. This RS, which determines the direction of the channel, is called the Channel-Access-RS (CA-RS). For example, the spatial direction of the DMRS of DCI (carrying COT) is called its spatial It may indicate the COT of the direction. Here, the CA-RS is a DC Therefore, multiple DCIs can be transmitted by the gNB and can be used for different C A-RS can be used to show COT in different spatial directions.

[0292] A CA-RS group is a group of nodes where a gNB has channel access to a given CA-RS. In this case, it can be defined to include the set of RSs that can be transmitted by the gNB. For example, -RS groups can be defined for DMRSs of DCIs carrying COT, This includes other RSs such as CSI-RS that may be transmitted by the gNB in ​​the same spatial direction as the RS. The UE must have a grant or R that belongs to a CA-RS group that the gNB has channel access to. If the UE has CA-RS, the UE processes the grant or RS. If successful, the gNB can perform spatial LBT in the given direction. A CA-RS can transmit signals within the CA-RS group. , RSs with the same / similar spatial orientation as the reference CA-RS in that CA-RS group. As shown in Figure 42, the gNB conveys the COT information to the CA-RS1. When the UE receives this, it sends DCI to the CA-RS1 C A-RS group can only receive signals in the spatial direction given by the RS. Recognize.

[0293] Furthermore, in the case of directional LBT, if the gNB shares its COT with the UE, The UE will only use the shared COT if the spatial direction of the received grant corresponds to the DL spatial direction of the COT. The UE can perform the grant transmission configured above. The UE can also perform CAT2LBT. and access the channels in the shared COT in the direction corresponding to each DL CA-RS. As shown in Figure 43, the UE can The gNB transmits within the COT of the gNB using the spatial direction corresponding to the group.

[0294] When a node such as a gNB gets channel access from the beginning of a partial slot, A node may have channel access for only a partial slot at the end of the COT. In this case, the format of the last partial slot needs to be more specific to indicate this. A node may not indicate this because it would require additional bits to indicate it at a finer granularity. Unless the UE has explicit grant for the last partial slot, the UE It is not possible to recognize the COT of the gNB in ​​the lot. Therefore, for the last partial slot, In this case, the UE may not receive a valid channel access COT indication. If so, the UE considers the channel access valid and processes the slot. This is especially true for scheduled grants, where grants are received within the COT. However, in the case of configured authorization, it is valid for partial slots. If no COT indication for channel access is received, the UE shall The DMA controller assumes that the process is not valid and does not transmit in that slot.

[0295] To keep power consumption low during CAI monitoring periods, the UE may monitor only selected resources. For example, the UE may monitor the CAI. CAI narrow B in the search space with It can monitor CAI on CORESET in WP. When CAI is received, UE switches to a pre-configured wider BWP and configures the CORES for control information ET can be monitored.

[0296] Alternatively, the UE may receive the CAI on a common BWP and then use the CAI and the control It is possible to monitor control information, but different search engines are used to monitor CAI and other control information. It is possible to construct a search space.

[0297] Alternatively, if a CAI is detected, for the remainder of the COT detected from that CAI, The search space configured for CAI is automatically disabled.

[0298] Signaling over PDCCH to trigger handshake

[0299] On the DL, the NR DCI uses the CA to trigger a handshake on the UL. It can carry a payload of II. This can happen as follows: CAI-I PDCCH is signaled using C-RNTI or CS-RNTI. The UE blindly decodes the PDCCH and performs CA if its LBT is successful. CAI-I also requires that the UE perform the CAI-R before sending a CAI-R. The method is shown in Figure 15. In this case, Other connected UEs and nodes outside the cell cannot receive CAI-I.

[0300] The trigger is a D in the UE-specific search space or the Type 0-PDCCH common search space. The new DCI formats 1_1C, 1_ 0C, 0_1C, 0_0C may be introduced in one or more of the following fields: 1 bit to indicate the need for a handshake L bit (priority class) indicating the type of LBT performed by the UE T indicates the channel occupancy time оcc As a result, the UE can B's T оcc CAI-R can be signaled within H bit indicates the threshold used for sensing before sending CAI-R

[0301] The PDCCH of CAI-I is in a search space similar to the Type 0-PDCCH common search space. CAI-RNTI may be signaled in a common search space with the CAI-RNTI in the I can be configured via RMSI or a constant value specified in the specification. If a sibling node can receive the DCI and one or more UEs receive its CAI-R and CAI-I triggers The general nodes in other NR-U cells can also transmit Detect AI-I and then T оcc The DCI also has a trigger The CAI may have an L bit to indicate the type of LBT performed by the UE. -R includes an implicit or implicit signature of the receiver so that the receiver can identify the source of the CAI-R. The CAI-R contains the identity of the node requesting the handshake. This may include multiple nodes accessing resources via frequency / time multiplexing. Device-to-Device (D2D) or Vehicle-to-Equipment (Vehicle-to-Equipment) communication may be possible. This can be useful in V2X (vehicle to everything) applications. CAI-I and CAI-R may be transmitted, and it is necessary to be able to identify their sender and receiver. A trigger can be provided in the following ways: When a CAI-RNTI is received, an implicit handshake is triggered. - Time T from receipt of I Resp UEs that have received DL or UL approval within the As shown in Figure 16, UE1 is triggered to transmit T Re sp UE1 receives CAI-I and DL grant within 10 seconds. Therefore, UE1 receives CCA / LB If T is successful, respond with CAI-R. Similar to the Paging RNTI (P-RNTI), the CAI-RNTI is PD carrying the identity (e.g., C-RNTI) of the UE that needs to respond with CAI-R A UE that finds the ID in the message sends a CAI-R. This method introduces inherent latency as messages must be processed at higher layers. There is a possibility that this will happen. The CAI-RNTI itself may carry the identity of the triggered UE. Upon receiving the ID in the CAI-R, the UE transmits the CAI-R. The CI payload becomes very large.

[0302] CAI-R signaling via RACH

[0303] The CAI-R response not only indicates that the node's channel is ready to receive, but also Therefore, the PRACH preamble may not carry much information. The RACH preamble for CAI-R can be RRC configured for the UE. To ensure that all CAI-R signals are received by the gNB without collisions, In this case, contention-free RACH resources are desirable. Due to the orthogonality of the PRACH preambles, multiple Several CAI-Rs can be received simultaneously. Following reception of the preamble, a handshake Once completed, the gNB proceeds with DL / UL authorization for the UE.

[0304] UL CAI-R signaling on PUCCH

[0305] The short PUCCH format used for SR can be used for CAI-R. When the UE detects energy in the CAI-R resource, it receives the CAI-R and The handshake is considered complete.

[0306] CAI-R provides additional information such as the energy level detected during CCA / LBT at the UE. In addition, the DL RS or UL Sounding Reference Signal (UL Sounding Reference Signal) may be included. Multiple beams (corresponding to QCL using UL SRS) In this case, the payload is too large to be indicated via the RACH. It is not possible to use short or long PUCCH for CAI-R. This can be done.

[0307] CAI-Rs from multiple UEs may be orthogonally multiplexed or may be multiplexed with other CAI-Rs from other UEs. It can be multiplexed with the PUCCH signal.

[0308] Preamble Assisted CAI

[0309] A preamble can be used to indicate the CAI. T using оcc or carries some or all of the information necessary to represent a cell Additionally, it may indicate resources where more information about occupancy may be available. Such a design would prevent nodes from other cells or technologies from occupying the channel. This may make it easier to detect the preamble without obtaining the SI of the code. Nodes monitor preambles in time, looking for high correlation with known preambles. If the correlation exceeds a threshold, the preamble is detected.

[0310] By using a common preamble across all NR-U nodes, This simplifies node detection. The preamble is a Zadoff-Ch It can be a u:ZC sequence, or an M-sequence (m-seq) such as PSS or SSS. uence), or Channel Quality Information RS for DL It may be based on RS sequences such as PRAC on the UL. It can be a sequence such as H or SRS.

[0311] Cell Coloring

[0312] The preamble can carry S bits of information indicating the cell transmitting the CAI. The bits may be derived from the cell ID of the gNB or UE connected to the cell ID. If the preamble is small (for example, 2 or 3 bits), the listening node It must be correlated with a small set of known sequences (4 or 8 in the case of 3 bits). The S bit allows the listening node to distinguish whether the transmission is in-cell or out-of-cell. The number of bits shown is the Cell ID. If the number of Therefore, a general node cannot be sure whether it is from its own cell or not. It is not possible to know, but it can quickly identify CAI from many cells. Additional information may accompany the preamble to prevent the transmission from being transmitted by another cell. Nodes that identify themselves as such do not need to look for this information. 17. If complete information about the cell ID is obtained, the nodes in the cell can A higher threshold for failure is used to allow space to be reused.

[0313] T on the preamble оcc Indication of

[0314] The S bits of the preamble are T оcc A general node is used to indicate the channel Know the state of the channel and when to start sensing the channel.

[0315] S bit indication on preamble

[0316] The S bit can be indicated in one of the following ways: Generally, the S bit is included in the preamble. If there is a capacity indicating T оcc The indicator and the coloring of the cells This can be done. The S bit is part of the root or cyclic shift of the preamble based on ZC. It can be used as such. · The S bit can be used as part of the initialization of the M-sequence based preamble. The preamble sequence (Equation 38 below) can be repeated S times in time. Applying the OCC vector (Equation 39 below) of length S for S times, we obtain an S-bit Here, the preamble is repeated four times, and the following formula (40) can be used to carry the information: Let's say.

[0317]

number

[0318]

number

[0319]

number

[0320] Figure 18(A) shows how a preamble can be transmitted by time repetition. For example, since the preamble may be transmitted asynchronously, node 1 If the node is successfully completed, it will immediately send a preamble. One can transmit a reservation signal to synchronize with the symbol boundary.

[0321] Figure 18(B) shows an example in which the preamble is transmitted synchronized with the symbol boundary. After a successful completion, the reservation signal follows. At the beginning of a symbol boundary, a preamble is transmitted.

[0322] Preamble Resources

[0323] The CAI preamble is narrowband so that the receiving node can detect it with minimal power consumption. The bandwidth can be greater than the minimum BWP supported by NR-U. The frequency can also be reduced to, for example, 5 MHz for FR1. European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) harmonized standard According to the 20 MHz band, a 20 MHz channel is required for 5 GHz. Since operation in a smaller band than the center (small band of about 5 MHz) is also permitted, CAI Choosing 5MHz for the preamble is effective for coexistence with WiFi. The preamble may be smaller than the minimum occupied channel bandwidth (OCB). B) Meeting the requirement, i.e., 80% of 5MHz, may be sufficient.

[0324] The preamble is used to identify the location of a general node in the unlicensed band. At a predefined location, such as the center of a 20 MHz band, or at a specific predefined location, such as a raster location In Figure 19, the 80 MHz band is divided into 20 MHz bands and the channel The example shows how the CAI preamble is transmitted within the central 5 MHz.

[0325] The CAI resource is configured to allow all UEs to find the CAI through the RRC. In CA, information is configured via the PCell and indicated via the SI. In the DC, the information is provided by the Master Cell Group (MCG). MCG) or can be obtained from SI carried on DRS or SSB In SA, this information can also be obtained from SI carried in DRS or SSB. I is the offset from the lowest PRB of the channel bandwidth (CBW). The frequency resources may be provided as

[0326] As NR supports operation at wider bandwidths, NR-U nodes can operate over multiple 20M Hz bands can be used to create composite carriers with wider bandwidth within a single cell. (Instead of carrier aggregation where many SCells are aggregated, (Many chunks are combined into one cell). Again, in this document, the aggregated bandwidth is We propose to transmit the preamble in the center of each 20 MHz sub-band. As shown, in the unlicensed spectrum, four 20MHz channels are used. The 80 MHz band is used. NR-U nodes use three 20 MHz channels. According to another aspect, the CAI preamble is 20MHz general nodes can detect channel conditions without having to switch frequencies It can be transmitted in the center of each of the 20 MHz channels so that

[0327] Alternatively, the gNB may decide to use the SI or dynamically (especially to trigger the handshake). Provides a bitmap (through authorization) to indicate which 20 MHz bands carry CAI. It can be shown.

[0328] The numerology of the preamble may be determined as follows: The preamble uses a predefined numerology based on the frequency band. Example: For example, 15 kHz of FR1 can be used to allow UEs with different processing capabilities to receive this signal. 30KHz and 60KHz also keep the latency due to the CAI preamble short, Barcodes can be used to allow for more repetitions. The preamble uses the same numerology as SSB. In this case, the listening node performs initial access or through configuration from the PCell or PSCell. Numerology for SB or NR-U cells needs to be known.

[0329] Generally, the information that can be transmitted on the preamble is limited. , and other forms of transmitting CAI (such as PDCCH, RACH, and RS) It is proposed to use a preamble that allows the remaining information of the CAI to be received. In other words, the information in the preamble is relevant to the node. If so, the node wakes up and looks at the remaining CAI information, as shown in Figure 17. The remaining information in the CAI is included in the first (signal type) occurrence after the preamble. It may appear in the preamble or within the first N occasions after the preamble. For example, if the remaining information is transmitted on the PDCCH, the node This information can be found during monitoring opportunities. This concept is illustrated in Figure 44. In the figure, the UE The UE monitors the preamble of the L signal. When the preamble is found, the UE starts monitoring the PDCCH. Sometimes it decodes the DCI that carries the COT information.

[0330] Another example is shown in Figure 45, where C is inserted immediately after the preamble to save resources. ORESET and monitoring occasions are provided. Preamble and next monitoring occasion If there are multiple symbols between the two periods, the gNB may not indicate the COT information or schedule the UE. Scheduling cannot be performed immediately, which may result in wasted resources. In addition, for CORESET and search space monitoring occasions, the minimum waiting time following the preamble is This control resource may be aperiodic, i.e., Presence is determined by the position of the preamble.

[0331] Aperiodic CORESET / search space monitoring occasions are shown in Figure 46. It can be in the same OS as the preamble. This allows for a wait between the preamble and the DCI. This reduces the time required for the process, allowing for better resource utilization.

[0332] The preamble of the DCI carrying the COT information and the DMRS can be QCL signals. Therefore, when a UE receives a preamble in a particular spatial direction, it will receive aperiodic A periodic CORESET is also received, i.e., the aperiodic CORESET is In order to cover all UEs, the gNB is expected to have the same QCL as in Figure 4. 7, the preamble is transmitted multiple times in different spatial directions. The ESET is configured via RRC signaling. The occasions are defined to be aperiodic. For example, the search space monitoring occasions are This occurs only once in relation to the detected preamble. This search space is The offset is determined by the occurrence of the preamble. It is not periodic and therefore does not have the parameter monitoringSlotPeriodicityAndOffset. There is a possibility that this is the case.

[0333] Furthermore, the preamble is a form of DMRS for PDCCH in CORESET. To provide sufficient reliability, the gNB will transmit the preamble in the form of wideband DMRS. It can be scheduled to be in this state.

[0334] Any or all of the devices, systems, methods, and processes described herein may: The instructions are executed by a processor such as processor 118 or 91 of FIGS. 21B and 21F. When executed, the systems, methods, and processes described herein are executed or performed by a processor. computer-executable instructions (e.g., It is understood that the present invention may be embodied in the form of a program code. Any of the steps, actions, or functions of and executed on a processor of a device or computing system configured for either The computer-readable storage medium may be implemented in the form of such computer-executable instructions. A medium is any non-transitory (e.g., tangible or physical) method or medium for storing information. Implemented in technology on volatile and non-volatile, removable and non-removable media Such computer-readable storage media include signals, but do not include signals. The data-readable storage medium includes RAM, ROM, and electrically erasable ROM. Programmable Read Only Memory (EEPROM), flash memory or other memory technology, Compact Disc ROM (CD-ROM), Digital Versatile Disc (Digital Versatile Disc: DVD) or other optical disc storage, magnetic cassette , magnetic tape, magnetic disk storage, or other magnetic storage device, or can be used to store desired information and accessed by a computing system This includes, but is not limited to, any other tangible or physical medium through which the I can't.

[0335] In describing preferred embodiments of the subject matter of the present disclosure, as shown in the figures, for the sake of clarity, Certain terminology is employed, but the claimed subject matter does not necessarily conform to the patents so selected. The invention is not intended to be limited to specific terms, and each specific element may be used to achieve a similar purpose. It is to be understood that the present invention includes all technical equivalents that operate in a similar manner for the purpose of

[0336] This written description uses examples to disclose the invention, including the best mode, and also to Any person skilled in the art will be able to make and use any device or system, and any incorporated The invention is patentable, including the performance of the method described herein. The full scope is defined by the claims, and may include other examples that occur to those skilled in the art. Such other examples include those with elements that do not differ from the literal language of the claims, and If the invention contains equivalent elements that have insubstantial differences from the literal language of the claim, It is intended to be within the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. An apparatus comprising a processor, a memory, and a communication circuit, said apparatus comprising: The device is connected to a network via a path, and the device is configured to store the When executed by the processor of the device, Wireless network access point (Next Generation Node-B) NB) to the transmitter's remaining channel occupancy time (Channel Occupancy Time receiving a channel access indicator (CAI) indicating a channel access time (COT); Upon receiving the CAI, downlink grants and uplink grants are issued for at least the remaining COT. Monitoring a set of control signals that are link authorizations The apparatus further comprising computer-executable instructions to cause the apparatus to perform operations including:

2. The CAI is the duration of the remaining COT, and optionally, the bandwidth of the channel occupation; 10. The device of claim 1, further comprising at least one of: a spatial direction of channel occupancy; Place.

3. The CAI is Preamble, or Reference Signal (RS), or Downlink Control Information (DCI), or the preamble and the DCI, or The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the RS and the DCI are received.

4. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the CAI is received in a multicast DCI.

5. The apparatus of claim 4 , wherein the CAI is received in a group-common DCI.

6. The CAI is selected from the DCI broadcast by the transmitter. The device of claim 1 .

7. 10. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the CAI is received in a user equipment (UE) specific DCI. Place.

8. The operation includes receiving a plurality of CAIs from the transmitter within the COT. The apparatus of claim 1 further comprising:

9. An apparatus comprising a processor, a memory, and a communication circuit, said apparatus comprising: The device is connected to a network via a path, and the device is configured to store the When executed by the processor of the device, Within the channel access opportunity, the remaining channel occupancy time (Chan one or more channel access indicators indicating channel occupancy time (COT) The method further comprises computer-executable instructions for performing operations including transmitting a CAI. A device.

10. The first CAI is the bandwidth of the channel occupation, or The apparatus of claim 9 further comprising a spatial direction of channel occupancy.

11. The one or more CAIs Preamble, or Reference Signal (RS), or Downlink Control Information (DCI), or the RS and the DCI, or The apparatus of claim 9 , wherein the DCI is transmitted in the preamble and the DCI.

12. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the one or more CAIs are multicast by the device. The device.

13. The one or more CAIs are multi-cast by the device as a group common DCI. The device of claim 12 which is cast.

14. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the one or more CAIs are broadcast by the device. The apparatus described.

15. An apparatus comprising a processor, a memory, and a communication circuit, said apparatus comprising: The device is connected to a network via a path, and the device is configured to store the When executed by the processor of the device, If the channel access is successful, the remaining channel occupancy time (Channel Occupancy Time : COT) from the first available symbol to the physical uplink shared channel (Physical Uplink Shared Channel). Transmitting an Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH); Following the successful channel access, a channel indicating the start symbol of the PUSCH Providing an access indicator (CAI) to the receiver The apparatus further comprising computer-executable instructions to cause the apparatus to perform operations including:

16. The first available symbol is determined via Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling.

16. The method of claim 15, wherein the symbols are selected from a set of pre-configured symbols provided to the first device. The apparatus described.

17. The set of scheduled PUSCH resources for which channel access is unavailable is The device of claim 15, wherein the device is embodied.

18. The CAI is a demodulation reference signal (DM) of the PUSCH. The device of claim 15, wherein the device is provided via a RS.

19. The operation may include powering down the DMRS for the first PUSCH transmission following channel occupancy.

20. The apparatus of claim 18, further comprising boosting.

20. The operation modifies the position of the DMRS in the grant according to the starting position of the PUSCH.

20. The apparatus of claim 18, further comprising:

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