Bedding agent for livestock barn, and livestock barn

Abstract

To provide a bedding agent for a livestock barn, preventing generation of bad smell, destructing noxious insects such as flies, and appropriately dried to be excellent in breeding livestock by being scattered on the floor of the livestock barn.SOLUTION: A bedding agent for a livestock barn is obtained by mixing compost obtained by fermenting bacterial groups belonging to ten bacterial genera, and food waste at 60°C to less than 100°C while reducing the volume of the food waste by 70 mass% to 95 mass%, and a porous substance. The bacterial genera are (1) Streptomyces, (2) Saccharopolyspola, (3) Nocardia, (4) Pseudomonas, (5) Bacillus, (6) Cellulomonas, (7) Clostridium, (8) Aspergillus, (9) Penicillium and (10) Rhizopus, and the porous substance is at least one selected from montmorillonite, diatomous earth, zeolite and molecular sieve.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to livestock litter used on the floor of livestock litter for raising animals such as cows, pigs, and chickens, and more particularly to livestock litter and livestock litter made from compost produced by fermenting food waste. [Background technology]

[0002] Livestock barns for raising animals such as pigs, cows, and chickens create poor environments, such as those that produce foul odors due to undecomposed organic matter from feces and urine, and are prone to the infestation of pests such as flies, making it difficult to raise animals near residential areas. Furthermore, these unsanitary environments, including those with foul odors and pests, have a negative impact on the animals being raised, negatively affecting their growth, meat quality, egg production, and other aspects.

[0003] These bad odors and harmful insects need to be dealt with without leaking the excrement and urine of the animals outside the barn. For this reason, Patent Document 1 discloses a barn in which the barns are arranged three-dimensionally and the internal environment can be regulated.

[0004] However, the livestock barn described in Patent Document 1 is not designed to prevent the generation of foul odors, but rather to maintain an airtight condition and prevent foul odors generated inside from escaping to the outside. As a result, livestock are raised in an airtight environment surrounded by walls, which is extremely expensive. In addition, because the animals are not raised in conditions close to their natural state, they are prone to becoming sickly and do not grow sufficiently. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0005] [Patent Document 1] Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 50-18268 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0006] The present invention aims to provide a livestock barn bedding that, when applied to the floor of a livestock barn, prevents the generation of unpleasant odors, exterminates pests such as flies, dries appropriately, and is excellent for raising livestock.

[0007] Another object of the present invention is to provide a livestock barn that can provide a good breeding environment for animals by using this livestock barn bedding. [Means for solving the problem]

[0008] The livestock litter of the present invention is characterized by being a mixture of compost obtained by fermenting a group of bacteria belonging to the following 10 genera and food waste at a temperature of 60°C to less than 100°C, resulting in a volume reduction of the food waste of 70% to 95% by mass, and a porous material. Here, the bacterial group belonging to 10 genera is (1) Streptomyces (2) Saccharopolyspola (3) Nocardia (4) Pseudomonas (5) Bacillus (6) Cellulomonas (7) Clostridium (8) Asparagillus (9) Penicillium (10) Rhizopus and The porous material is one or more selected from montmorillonite, diatomaceous earth, zeolite, and molecular sieves, including synthetic molecular sieves.

[0009] In the present invention, the compost is preferably contained in an amount of 5.0 to 50.0% by mass relative to 100% of the total mass.

[0010] In the present invention, the particle size of the porous substance is preferably 0.5 to 10 mm.

[0011] The livestock barn of the present invention is provided with the above livestock barn bedding applied to the floor in an amount of 0.2 kg / m 2 ~2.0kg / m 2 It is preferable to spread it over the ground. [Effects of the Invention]

[0012] In the present invention, a group of bacteria belonging to ten genera, namely (1) Streptomyces, (2) Saccharopolyspora, (3) Nocardia, (4) Pseudomonas, (5) Bacillus, (6) Cellulomonas, (7) Clostridium, (8) Aspergillus, (9) Penicillium, and (10) Rhizopus, are fermented with food waste to produce compost. This compost is then mixed with a porous material and spread on the floor of a livestock barn, thereby facilitating the control of odors and the eradication of pests such as flies. This also improves the livestock barn environment, allowing for healthier animal care. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0013] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 is a plan view showing a fermentation apparatus used in the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0014] The present invention produces compost by fermenting food waste with a group of bacteria belonging to 10 genera at a temperature of 60°C to less than 100°C, and then mixing the compost, which is a fermentation product in which the food waste has been reduced in volume by 70% to 95% by mass, with a porous material.

[0015] The 10 genera of bacteria are as follows: (1) Streptomyces It is a eubacterium classified as a gram-positive bacterium, and many strains produce antibiotics. (2) Saccharopolyspola It is an aerobic, Gram-positive, acid-resistant, non-motile actinomycete that has the ability to produce a variety of bioactive compounds for pharmaceutical and agricultural applications. (3) Nocardia It is a gram-positive bacterium classified as an actinomycete. It is found in organically rich soils worldwide and also inhabits the oral microbiota of healthy gingiva and periodontal pockets. (4) Pseudomonas It is a gram-negative aerobic bacillus that has the ability to decompose various organic compounds, is a natural decomposer, and contributes significantly to the global carbon cycle. It is also used in bioremediation because it can metabolize many chemical pollutants. (5) Bacillus They are obligately aerobic (some are facultatively anaerobic), catalase-positive, Gram-positive rod-shaped bacteria. They include highly useful species, including Bacillus subtilis, which are used to produce various enzymes (for food, detergents, and a wide variety of other industrial enzymes). (6) Cellulomonas It is a Gram-positive, rod-shaped actinomycete that degrades cellulose using enzymes such as endoglucanases and exoglucanases. (7) Clostridium It is a gram-positive, spore-forming, strictly anaerobic bacillus that is widely distributed in nature, including soil, the ocean, and the digestive tracts of humans and animals. (8) Asparagillus Along with the Penicillium genus, it is one of the most common fungi. It is frequently isolated from living environments such as soil, air, and food, including grains, all over the world. (9) Penicillium A general term for molds belonging to the Penicillium genus, which are commonly found as imperfect fungi. There are over 300 known species, and they are widely distributed around the world. (10) Rhizopus It is a fungus belonging to the Rhizopus family (or Mucorales family). It is named after the spider web-like appearance of its hyphae as they crawl along the substrate surface.

[0016] Although each of these bacteria has different activity, survival temperature, and optimum activity temperature, they coexist and influence each other, thereby enhancing the fermentation and decomposition activity of the mixed bacteria. For this reason, the present invention uses a mixture of all of these bacteria.

[0017] In the present invention, first, all of the bacteria belonging to the above 10 genera are mixed with food waste, and fermented at 60°C to less than 100°C to produce compost in which the food waste is reduced in volume by 70% to 95% by mass. Fermentation is carried out at a temperature of 60° C. to less than 100° C. If the temperature is less than 60° C., the fermentation does not proceed sufficiently, and if the temperature is more than 100° C., the bacteria die and fermentation becomes impossible. Fermentation is carried out by mixing the above bacteria with food waste, producing compost with a volume reduction of 70 to 95% by mass of food waste. If the volume reduction of food waste is less than 70% by mass, the bacteria will no longer function effectively. If the volume reduction of food waste exceeds 95% by mass, the compost yield will decrease, which is undesirable. As food waste, not only plant waste such as vegetables but also animal meat waste can be used favorably.

[0018] Next, the present invention provides livestock barn bedding by mixing the above-mentioned compost with a porous material. By mixing the porous material, the spaces contained in the porous material activate the bacteria, thereby suppressing odors and killing pests. Furthermore, because the porous material absorbs moisture, the entire livestock bedding remains in a good dry state, making it easier to handle, such as by spreading it on the floor of the livestock house. Furthermore, the dry state of the livestock bedding can inhibit the proliferation of bacteria and pests. Furthermore, the livestock bedding can keep the floor of the livestock house dry. These factors contribute to a good livestock rearing environment. As the porous material, one or more selected from montmorillonite, diatomaceous earth, zeolite, and molecular sieve can be suitably used.

[0019] In the present invention, the livestock housing materials and equipment are mixed so that 5.0 to 50.0% by mass of compost is contained relative to 100% of the total mass, with the remaining 95.0 to 50.0% by mass being porous material. If the compost content is less than 5.0% by mass, the vitality of the bacteria in the compost will not be exerted, and if the compost content exceeds 50.0% by mass, sufficient air will not be supplied from the porous material. The porous substance preferably has a particle size of 0.1 to 10 mm. If the particle size of the porous substance is less than 0.1 mm, it will not be possible to supply a sufficient amount of air, the bacteria will not be activated, and the porous substance will be more likely to scatter. If the particle size exceeds 10 mm, the odor-suppressing and insecticidal effects of the bacteria in the compost will be reduced.

[0020] FIG. 1 is a plan view showing a fermentation apparatus used in the present invention. As shown in Figure 1, the fermentation apparatus 100 is shaped like a horizontally long box, with an inlet 21 for the fermentation raw material and an outlet 12 for the fermented compost at both ends in the longitudinal direction. The fermentation raw material is a mixture of the 10 genera of bacteria mentioned above and food waste.

[0021] A guide rod 19 is provided inside the fermentation apparatus 100 along its length, and an agitator blade 17 is movably attached to this guide rod 19. The agitator blade 17 moves along the guide rod 19 by driving a motor 14 to agitate the fermentation raw materials. A heating device 23 for heating the fermentation raw materials is provided below the inlet 11. An exhaust port 16 for discharging internal gas to the outside is provided on the side of the fermentation apparatus 100.

[0022] Inside the fermentation apparatus 100, the acclimation fermentation section 6, the fermentation section 4, and the maturation fermentation section 5 are connected to each other. A bellows-shaped heat exchanger 10 is disposed above the fermentation section 4, and the air heated to a high temperature by absorbing the heat generated by fermentation in the fermentation section 4 is supplied to the bottom of the maturation fermentation section 5, where it is discharged and supplied to the inside of the fermentation apparatus.

[0023] In this fermentation apparatus 100, food waste is introduced through an inlet 11 into the acclimation fermentation section 6, where it is heated by a heater 23 to initiate fermentation. The bacteria belonging to the 10 genera used in the fermentation may be prepared by adding a pre-cultured bacterial solution, or by returning a portion (e.g., 1 / 10) of the bacteria in the fermentation section 4 and mixing it in.

[0024] Inside the fermentation apparatus 100, air is supplied and the fermentation raw material is fermented at a temperature of 60°C to less than 100°C, producing compost in which the mass of the food waste is reduced by 70 to 95% by mass in 3 to 120 hours. During this fermentation, the air supplies oxygen to the bacteria to activate the fermentation, and has the effects of raising the temperature of the fermentation raw material and evaporating water. Therefore, while the temperature rises in the upper part of the fermentation section 4, the temperature drops in the lower part of the fermentation section 4 due to the evaporation of water. Therefore, it is preferable to move the agitator blades 14 along the guide rod 19 to equalize the temperature and water content, and then move the fermentation raw material to the maturation and fermentation section 5 after equalizing the temperature and water content. In the maturation and fermentation section 5, the produced compost is dried with high-temperature air supplied from a heat exchanger 10 and discharged from a discharge outlet 12.

[0025] The present invention will be specifically described below with reference to examples.

[0026] [Bacteria used in fermentation] The bacteria belonging to the 10 genera used were each diluted to 1 × 10 5 cfu / cm 3 The preculture solution was then cultured until the total mass of the bacterial cells reached 10% by mass, thereby producing a culture solution of the mixed bacteria. The ten species of bacteria used were as follows: (1) Streptomyces, a streptomycin-producing bacterium (Streptomyces griseus) (2) Saccharopolyspora genus, Saccharopolyspora erythraea (3) Nocardia asteroides, a member of the Nocardia genus (4) Pseudomonas veronii, a species of the genus Pseudomonas (5) Bacillus subtilis, a member of the Bacillus genus (6) Cellulomonas flavigena, a member of the genus Cellulomonas (7) Clostridium genus, Clostridium butyricum (8) Asparagillus genus, Aspergillus oryzae (9) Penicillium genus, Penicillium camembertii (10) Rhizopus oryzae, a species of the genus Rhizopus Although each of these bacteria has different activity, survival temperature, and optimum activity temperature, they coexist and influence each other, which increases the fermentation and decomposition action of the mixed bacteria. Therefore, species belonging to all 10 genera are used.

[0027] [Production of culture medium] The ten species of bacteria belonging to the ten genera of the present invention are, for example, 1 x 10 4 ~1×10 6 cfu / cm 3 The same amount of each of the above is mixed with the base material and water used for pre-culture to initiate fermentation, forming a medium. The medium is then heated to an appropriate temperature, and the base material is added little by little to continue pre-culture, producing a stock culture solution.

[0028] [Compost production] <Production Example 1> For 500 kg of food waste, the above 10 species of bacteria are 1 x 10 4 ~1×10 6 cfu / cm 3 The mixture was mixed to achieve a bacterial count of 1000, heated to 50-60°C in the acclimation fermentation section 6, fermented at 60-100°C for 15 hours in the fermentation section 4, and then dried using heated air in the maturation fermentation section 5 for 8 hours to produce compost, yielding 123 kg of compost with particle sizes of 0.8-1.2 mm.

[0029] Example 1 A bedding agent for livestock barns of Example 1 was obtained by mixing 10.0 kg of the compost produced in Production Example 1 with 90.0 kg of montmorillonite having a particle size of 1.0 to 1.5 mm. <Example 2> A bedding agent for livestock barns of Example 2 was obtained by mixing 10.0 kg of the compost produced in Production Example 1 with 90.0 kg of diatomaceous earth with particle sizes of 0.2 to 0.5 mm. Example 3 A bedding agent for livestock barns of Example 3 was obtained by mixing 10.0 kg of the compost produced in Production Example 1 with 90.0 kg of zeolite having a particle size of 1.0 to 1.5 mm. Example 4 The livestock barn bedding agent of Example 4 was obtained by mixing 10.0 kg of the compost produced in Production Example 1 with 90.0 kg of synthetic molecular sieves having a particle size of 1.0 to 1.5 mm. <Comparative Example 1> The compost produced in Production Example 1 was crushed to a particle size of 0.8 to 1.2 mm, and no porous substance was mixed in, to prepare Comparative Example 1. <Comparative Example 2> The product was produced in the same manner as in Production Example 1, using a bacterial group belonging to nine other genera, excluding Bacillus subtilis, and then montmorillonite with a particle size of 1.0 to 1.5 mm was mixed in as a porous substance to produce Comparative Example 2.

[0030] [evaluation] The above Examples 1 to 4 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2 were applied to the floor of the livestock barn using a commercially available sprayer at a rate of 0.2 kg / m 2 The results are shown in Table 1. (The rest is blank)

[0031] [Table 1]

[0032] Explanation of symbols 4 Fermentation Department 5. Fermentation and Aging Department 6. Acclimation and Fermentation Section 10 Heat exchanger 11 Inlet 12 Outlet 14 Motor 16 Exhaust port 17 Mixing blade 19 Guide rod 23 Heating device 25 Compost 100 Fermentation equipment

Claims

1. The compost is obtained by fermenting food waste with bacteria belonging to the following 10 genera at a temperature of 60°C to less than 100°C, and the food waste is reduced in volume by 70% to 95% by mass. The compost is then mixed with a porous material. The fungus genus (1) Streptomyces (2) Saccharopolyspora genus (3) Nocardia (4) Pseudomonas (5) Bacillus (6) Cellulomonas (7) Clostridium (8) Asparagillus (9) Penicillium (10) Rhizopus and A livestock barn bedding material, characterized in that the porous material is one or more selected from the group consisting of montmorillonite, diatomaceous earth, zeolite, and molecular sieves.

2. 2. The livestock barn bedding according to claim 1, wherein the compost is contained in an amount of 5.0 to 50.0% by mass relative to 100% of the total mass.

3. 2. The livestock barn bedding according to claim 1, wherein the porous material has a particle size of 0.1 to 10.0 mm.

4. A livestock barn, characterized in that the livestock barn bedding according to any one of claims 1 to 3 is spread over the floor surface.

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