Macauba oil for the production of oleochemical products

Abstract

The present invention relates to a process for producing fatty acid amides or alkoxylated fatty acid esters, comprising the step of converting oil extracted from macaubay palm having an oil yield in tonnes / hectare / year of at least 6 t / ha / yr into fatty acid amides or alkoxylated fatty acid esters.Furthermore, the present invention relates to fatty acid amides or alkoxylated fatty acid esters obtained from the fruit of macaubay palm having an oil yield in tonnes / hectare / year of at least 6 t / ha / yr and their use in suitable applications.

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a process for producing fatty acid amides or alkoxylated fatty acid esters, comprising the step of converting oil extracted from macaubay palm having an oil yield in tonnes / hectare / year of at least 6 t / ha / yr into fatty acid amides or alkoxylated fatty acid esters.Furthermore, the present invention relates to fatty acid amides or alkoxylated fatty acid esters obtained from the fruit of macaubay palm having an oil yield in tonnes / hectare / year of at least 6 t / ha / yr and their use in suitable applications. [Background technology]

[0002] A large number of oil-based products are derived from renewable materials such as oil palm (the main source of palm oil). Such an approach is advantageous since it conserves oil deposits, but it also has some downsides. One problem is, for example, that deforestation takes place to build oil palm plantations, which exacerbates current climate change. Deforestation further leads to an undesirable loss of biodiversity and loss of habitat for endemic species. In addition, oil palm in particular requires tropical conditions, with a preferred temperature of around 24-28°C and a monthly rainfall of at least 100 mm / m. 2 and humidity is about 50-70%. These factors limit the possibility of profitable cultivation.

[0003] At the same time, the demand for renewable oils is increasing year by year due to the increasing global consumption. Products derived from renewable oils can be found in all important industrial sectors, such as food, pharmaceuticals, consumer goods or energy (biodiesel). Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0004] In this context, there is a continuing need for environmentally friendly alternatives to known products derived from renewable oils such as palm oil. In particular, the object of the present invention was to provide a fatty acid amide composition or an alkoxylated fatty acid ester composition with improved sustainability profile and improved properties, as well as an improved manufacturing process thereof. Furthermore, the object of the present invention was to provide a fatty acid amide or an alkoxylated fatty acid ester, as well as a manufacturing process thereof, the starting material of which is derived from plants that are less susceptible to temperature fluctuations. Finally, it was an object to provide a personal care composition, a cleaning composition, a nutritional formulation, a pharmaceutical formulation or a crop formulation, as well as an improved manufacturing process thereof, with improved sustainability profile and improved properties. In this context, the environmentally friendly alternative preferably provides at least one, more preferably at least two, even more preferably at least three, in particular at least four of the following effects: reduced water demand, reduced biodiversity loss, reduced habitat loss for endemic species, reduced deforestation, improved restoration of degraded areas and water sources and watersheds, improved water retention in soil, improved resistance to temperature fluctuations and climate change. [Means for solving the problem]

[0005] Surprisingly, it has been found that at least one of these objectives can be achieved by applying oil extracted from Macaubay palm having an oil yield in tonnes / hectare / year of at least 6 t / ha / yr.

[0006] Thus, according to one aspect, the present invention relates to a process for producing a fatty acid amide composition or an alkoxylated fatty acid ester composition, the process comprising: a) converting oil extracted from macaubay palm having an oil yield in tonnes / hectare / year of at least 6 t / ha / yr into fatty acid amides or alkoxylated fatty acid esters; Includes.

[0007] In the following, preferred embodiments of the above process are described in further detail, it being understood that each preferred embodiment is suitable both by itself and in combination with other preferred embodiments.

[0008] In a preferred embodiment A1 of the first aspect, the macaubay palm is Acrocomia aculeata, and / or The oil is extracted from palm pulp and / or palm kernel, preferably the oil is extracted from macauba kernel, in particular the macauba palm is Acrocomia aculeata and the oil is extracted from Acrocomia aculeata kernel.

[0009] In a preferred embodiment A2 of the first aspect, in step a), the conversion is carried out under chemical or enzymatic conditions, preferably under chemical conditions, and / or Step a) involves a condensation or transesterification reaction.

[0010] In a preferred embodiment A3 of the first aspect, the Macaubay palm has an oil yield in tonnes / hectare / year in the range of 6-30 t / ha / yr, preferably 7-20 t / ha / yr, more preferably 8-15 t / ha / yr.

[0011] In a preferred embodiment A4 of the first aspect, a fatty acid amide composition is produced, preferably the fatty acid amide composition is selected from the group consisting of a fatty acid amide alkanolamide (fatty acid alkanolamide) composition and a fatty acid amide alkyl betaine composition, and in step a) the oil is converted to a fatty acid amide alkanolamide (fatty acid alkanolamide) or a fatty acid amide alkyl betaine.

[0012] In a preferred embodiment A5 of the first aspect, the fatty acid amide composition provided in step a) comprises at least 40 wt. % C based on the total weight of the fatty acid amide composition. 4 ~C 22 Fatty acid amides, preferably C6 ~C 20 Fatty acid amides, more preferably C 8 ~C 18 Fatty acid amides, even more preferably C 8 ~C 16 Fatty acid amide or C 16 ~C 18 Fatty acid amides, especially C 10 ~C 16 Based on the total weight of the fatty acid amide and / or fatty acid amide composition, 1-20% by weight C 8 fatty acid amides, 1-8% by weight C 10 fatty acid amides, 30-48% by weight C 12 fatty acid amides, 5-15% by weight C 14 fatty acid amides, 4-13% by weight C 16 fatty acid amides, 15-42% by weight C 18 Fatty acid amides, and 0-5% by weight C 20 Fatty Acid Amides Includes.

[0013] In a preferred embodiment A6 of the first aspect, the fatty acid amide composition provided in step a) is preferably a fatty acid amide alkanolamide (fatty acid alkanolamide) composition selected from the group consisting of fatty acid amide monoalkylamide (fatty acid monoalkylamide) compositions and fatty acid amide dialkylamide (fatty acid dialkylamide) compositions, more preferably fatty acid amide monoethanolamide (fatty acid monoethanolamide) compositions and fatty acid amide diethanolamide (fatty acid diethanolamide) compositions, or The fatty acid amide composition provided in step a) is a fatty acid amido alkyl betaine, preferably a fatty acid amido propyl betaine composition.

[0014] In a preferred embodiment A7 of the first aspect, step a) comprises ai) mixing oil extracted from macaubay palm having an oil yield in tonnes / hectare / year of at least 6 t / ha / yr with oil extracted from plants having an oil yield in tonnes / hectare / year of less than 6 t / ha / yr, preferably the oil extracted from plants having an oil yield in tonnes / hectare / year of less than 6 t / ha / yr is derived from coconut oil (CNO), palm oil (PO) and / or palm kernel oil (PKO); and / or The fatty acid amide composition obtained in step a) is mixed with a fatty acid amide composition obtained from oil extracted from a plant having an oil yield in tonnes / hectare / year of less than 6 t / ha / yr, and then converted into the respective fatty acid amide composition. Preferably, the oil extracted from plants having an oil yield in tonnes / hectare / year of less than 6 t / ha / yr is derived from coconut oil (CNO), palm oil (PO) and / or palm kernel oil (PKO).

[0015] In a second aspect, the present invention relates to a fatty acid amide composition obtained by the process according to the first aspect.

[0016] In a third aspect, the present invention relates to a fatty acid amide composition or an alkoxylated fatty acid ester composition obtained from the fruit of Macaubay palm having an oil yield in tonnes / hectare / year of at least 6 t / ha / yr, wherein the oil obtained from Macaubay palm is converted to fatty acid amides or alkoxylated fatty acid esters.

[0017] In a fourth aspect, the present invention relates to an alkoxylated fatty acid ester composition obtained by the process according to the first aspect.

[0018] In a fifth aspect, the present invention relates to the use of oil extracted from the fruits of Macaubay palm having an oil yield in tonnes / hectare / year of at least 6 t / ha / yr for the production of fatty acid amides or alkoxylated fatty acid esters.

[0019] In a sixth aspect, the present invention relates to the use of a fatty acid amide composition according to the second or third aspect or an alkoxylated fatty acid ester composition according to the third or fourth aspect in a personal care composition, a cleaning composition, a nutritional formulation, a pharmaceutical formulation or a crop formulation.

[0020] In a seventh aspect, the present invention relates to a personal care composition, a cleaning composition, a nutritional formulation, a pharmaceutical formulation or a crop formulation comprising a fatty acid amide composition according to the second or third aspect or an alkoxylated fatty acid ester composition according to the third or fourth aspect.

[0021] In an eighth aspect, the present invention relates to a process for producing glycerol, the process comprising: a) converting oil extracted from macaubay palm having an oil yield in tonnes / hectare / year of at least 6 t / ha / yr into glycerol; Includes. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0022] Before describing exemplary embodiments of the present invention in detail, definitions that are important for understanding the present invention are provided.

[0023] As used in this specification and the appended claims, the singular forms "a" and "an" also include the respective plural forms, unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. In the context of the present invention, the terms "about" and "approximately" refer to a margin of accuracy that a person skilled in the art would recognize while still ensuring the technical effect of the feature in question. This term typically represents a deviation of ±10%, preferably ±8%, more preferably ±5%, and even more preferably ±2% from the indicated numerical value. The terms "comprise" and "comprise" should be understood to be non-limiting.

[0024] For the purposes of the present invention, the term "consisting of" is considered to be a preferred embodiment of the term "comprising". Hereinafter, when a group is defined as comprising at least a certain number of embodiments, this is meant to encompass the group preferably consisting only of these embodiments. Furthermore, the terms "first", "second", "third" or "(a)", "(b)", "(c)", "(d)" and the like in this specification and in the claims are used to distinguish between similar elements and do not necessarily describe a sequential or chronological order. It is to be understood that the terms so used are interchangeable under appropriate circumstances and that the embodiments of the invention described herein can be practiced in other orders than those described or illustrated herein. Where the terms "first", "second", "third" or "(a)", "(b)", "(c)", "(d)", "i", "ii" etc. refer to steps of a method or use or assay, as described hereinbefore or hereinafter, unless otherwise specified in the application, there is no time or consistency between the steps, i.e. the steps may be performed simultaneously or there may be a time interval of seconds, minutes, hours, days, weeks, months or even years between such steps.

[0025] It should be understood that the invention is not limited to the specific methodology, procedures, reagents, etc. described herein, as these may vary. It should also be understood that the terminology used herein is used only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments, and is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, which will be limited only by the appended claims. Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art.

[0026] The terms "free", "free" or "free" as used herein, in relation to the inventive composition not containing a particular compound or a group of compounds that can be combined under a collective term, mean that the composition does not contain said compound or group of compounds in an amount greater than 0.8% by weight, based on the total weight of the composition. Furthermore, it is preferred that the composition according to the invention does not contain said compound or group of compounds in an amount greater than 0.5% by weight, and preferably the composition does not contain any of said compound or group of compounds.

[0027] When referring to weight percentages of compositions and ingredients contained therein, it should be understood that in accordance with the present invention, the total amount of ingredients does not exceed 100% (± 1% to account for rounding).

[0028] The term "personal care composition" refers to any topical and oral product that can be used by a consumer at least once a day as a daily care product for, for example, face care, hair care, body care or oral care, to care for, cleanse, protect, maintain, perfume or modify the appearance or feel of the human body. Personal care compositions may contain one or more active agents, such as organic and / or inorganic UV filters, as well as other ingredients or additives, such as emulsifiers, emollients, viscosity modifiers, stabilizers, preservatives or fragrances. Suitable daily care compositions according to the present invention are, for example, leave-on face and body care products and rinse-off face and body care products.

[0029] Suitable leave-on face and body care products are, for example, sunscreen compositions, decorative preparations and skin care preparations.

[0030] The term "sunscreen composition" or "sunscreen agent" refers to any topical product that can absorb and also reflect and scatter a certain portion of ultraviolet radiation. Therefore, it should be understood that the term "sunscreen composition" not only includes sunscreen compositions, but also includes any cosmetic composition that provides UV protection. The term "topical product" refers to a product that is applied to the skin, and may refer to, for example, a spray, lotion, cream, oil, foam, powder, or gel. According to the present invention, the sunscreen composition may include one or more active agents, such as organic and inorganic UV filters, and other ingredients or additives, such as emulsifiers, emollients, viscosity modifiers, stabilizers, preservatives, or fragrances.

[0031] Suitable decorative preparations are, for example, lipsticks, nail varnishes, eye shadows, mascaras, dry or wet make-up, blushers, powders, hair removers and suntan lotions.

[0032] Suitable skin care formulations are, for example, moisturizing, improving and lifting formulations. The daily care compositions mentioned can be in the form of a cream, ointment, paste, foam, gel, lotion, powder, make-up, spray, stick or aerosol.

[0033] The term "UV filter" or "ultraviolet radiation filter" as used herein refers to an organic or inorganic compound that can absorb and also reflect and scatter ultraviolet radiation from sunlight. UV filters can be classified as UV-A, UV-B or broadband filters depending on their UV protection curve.

[0034] Generally, UV light can be divided into UV-A radiation (320-400 nm) and UV-B radiation (290-320 nm). The definition of "broadband" protection (also called broad spectrum or broad-spectrum protection) is based on the "critical wavelength". To cover the broad band, UV-B and UV-A protection must be provided. According to US requirements, the critical wavelength must be at least 370 nm to achieve broad-spectrum protection.

[0035] The term "critical wavelength" is defined as the wavelength at which the area under the UV protection curve (protection rate (%) for wavelength) is 90% of the total area under the curve in the UV range (290-400 nm). For example, a critical wavelength of 370 nm means that the protection provided by the sunscreen composition is not limited to UV-B wavelengths, i.e., wavelengths from 290 to 320 nm, but extends up to 370 nm, so that at 370 nm it reaches 90% of the total area under the protection curve in the UV range.

[0036] Suitable rinse-off face and body care products are, for example, shampoos, conditioners, shower gels, body scrubs, face scrubs and hand soaps.In particular, rinse-off products are hair shampoos, shower gels, soaps, syndet bars, washing pastes, washing lotions, scrub formulations, face washes, intimate sanitary cleaners, foaming baths, oil baths, shower baths, shaving foams, shaving lotions, shaving creams, foaming powders / tablets and dental care products (e.g. toothpastes, mouthwashes, etc.).Baby care products such as baby shampoos and baby baths are also suitable rinse-off products.

[0037] The term "emollient" relates to certain cosmetic oils used to protect, moisturize and lubricate the skin. The term emollient comes from the Latin "mollire" (to soften). In general, emollients prevent the evaporation of water by forming an occlusive cover on the skin. They can be divided into different groups according to their polarity index.

[0038] "Polarity index" is a term that refers to non-polar or polar oils. Non-polar oils are mainly composed of hydrocarbons and do not contain electronegative elements such as oxygen. In contrast, polar oils contain heteroatoms with different electronegativities, which result in a dipole moment. However, this type of oil is still insoluble in water, i.e., hydrophobic. The polarity index can be determined by measuring the interfacial tension between each oil and water.

[0039] The term "administering" refers to the application of a sunscreen or daily care composition to human skin.

[0040] The term "fatty alcohol" as used herein relates to linear or branched, preferably linear, primary alcohols. Fatty alcohols may contain from 4 to 26 carbon atoms. According to the invention, the term fatty alcohol encompasses saturated and unsaturated alcohols. The double bonds of unsaturated fatty alcohols can give rise to either cis or trans isomers. According to the invention, the term fatty alcohol encompasses saturated and unsaturated alcohols. In this context, 1-butanol, 1-hexanol, 1-octanol, 1-decanol, lauryl alcohol, myristyl alcohol, cetyl alcohol, palmitoyl alcohol, stearyl alcohol, oleyl alcohol, arachidyl alcohol, behenyl alcohol, erucyl alcohol, lignoceryl alcohol and ceryl alcohol should be mentioned.

[0041] As used herein, the term "fatty alcohol-based surfactant" refers to a surfactant resulting from the reaction of the primary alcohol group of a fatty alcohol.

[0042] The term "fatty acid" as used herein relates to linear or branched, preferably linear, primary carboxylic acids. Fatty acids may contain from 4 to 26 carbon atoms. According to the invention, the term fatty acid encompasses saturated and unsaturated acids. The double bonds of unsaturated fatty acids can give either cis or trans isomers. In this context, mention should be made of caprylic acid, capric acid, lauric acid, myristic acid, myristoleic acid, palmitic acid, palmitoleic acid, sapienic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, elaidic acid, vaccenic acid, linoleic acid, linoelaidic acid, α-linolenic acid, arachidic acid, arachidonic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, erucic acid, behenic acid, docosahexaenoic acid, lignoceric acid and cerotic acid.

[0043] As used herein, the term "fatty acid based surfactant" refers to a surfactant resulting from the reaction of the primary carboxylic acid groups of fatty acids.

[0044] prefix C n ~C m indicates in each case the possible number of carbon atoms in the group.

[0045] The term "hydroxyalkyl" as used herein denotes in each case a linear or branched alkyl group, usually having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 6 carbon atoms, further substituted with 1 to 5, preferably 1 to 2, hydroxy groups, in particular one hydroxy group. Preferably, one hydroxy group is at the end of the linear or branched alkyl group, such that the hydroxy group is attached to an alkyl bridge that is attached to the remainder of the molecule. Examples of hydroxyalkyl groups are hydroxymethyl, hydroxyethyl, n-hydroxypropyl, 2-hydroxypropyl, n-hydroxybutyl, 2-hydroxybutyl, 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropyl, n-hydroxypentyl and n-hydroxyhexyl.

[0046] The term "alkyl" as used herein in each case generally denotes a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, preferably 4 to 26 or 1 to 6 or 1 to 3 carbon atoms. Examples of alkyl groups are methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, 2-butyl, isobutyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl, 1-methylbutyl, 2-methylbutyl, 3-methylbutyl, 2,2-dimethylpropyl, 1-ethylpropyl, n-hexyl, 1,1-dimethylpropyl, 1,2-dimethylpropyl, 1-methylpentyl, 2-methylpentyl, 3-methylpentyl, 4-methylpentyl, 1,1-dimethylbutyl, 1,2-dimethylbutyl, 1,3-dimethylbutyl, 2,2-dimethylbutyl, 2,3-dimethylbutyl, 3,3-dimethylbutyl, 1-ethylbutyl, 2-ethylbutyl, 1,1,2-trimethylpropyl, 1,2,2-trimethylpropyl, 1-ethyl-1-methylpropyl and 1-ethyl-2-methylpropyl.

[0047] The term "oil palm" as used herein refers to a species of palm also known as Elaeis guineensis, which is the primary source of "palm oil".

[0048] As used herein, the term "coconut palm" refers to a member of the palm tree family (Arecaceae), also known as Cocos nucifera. It is the primary source of "palm oil."

[0049] The term "macauba palm" as used herein refers to a type of palm. Exemplary species are known as "Acrocomia aculeata" (also known as "macaiba", "boicaiuva", "macauva", "coco-de-catarro", "coco-baboso" and "coco-de-espinho"), "Acrocomia hassleri" and "Acrocomia totei". Macauba palms can grow tall, for example, up to about 15 m. The macauba fruit contains pulp and a kernel.

[0050] As used herein, the term "pulp" refers to the inner flesh of a fruit.

[0051] As used herein, the term "kernel" is interchangeable with "seed" or "almond."

[0052] The term "cleaning composition" as used herein includes household care formulations, industrial care formulations and institutional care formulations. Household care formulations are usually used by individual consumers, while industrial care formulations are usually used by industry, and institutional care formulations are usually used, for example, in clinics and nursing homes. However, it is also possible that each formulation can be used in areas different from those intended. Thus, institutional care formulations can also be used by individual consumers or industry, and vice versa. Typically, cleaning compositions are for, for example, laundry, dishwashing, hard surface cleaning, food service and kitchen hygiene, food and beverage processing, commercial laundry, sanitation, institutional cleaning, industrial cleaning, and vehicle and transportation care.

[0053] The term "nutritional formulation" as used herein includes food and feed formulations. Nutritional formulations can take any suitable form, for example liquid or solid form, and can be administered or ingested in any suitable manner, for example orally, parenterally or rectally.

[0054] The term "pharmaceutical formulation" as used herein refers to any suitable pharmaceutical formulation that may be administered in any suitable manner, such as, for example, oral, transdermal, parenteral, nasal, vaginal or rectal application. Suitable solid pharmaceutical formulations may be in the form of tablets, suppositories or capsules or in the form of a spray. Suitable transdermal pharmaceutical formulations include formulations such as patches or sprays, lotions, creams, oils, foams, ointments, powders or gels. Liquid pharmaceutical formulations are preferably administered orally, parenterally or nasally.

[0055] As used herein, the term "liquid" also encompasses semi-solid states in which the fluid has an increased viscosity (eg, creams, gels, ointments).

[0056] As used herein, the term "crop formulation" includes pesticide, fungicide and herbicide formulations.

[0057] The term "oil yield in tonnes / ha / year" as used herein relates to the oil obtained, for example by extraction, from the fruit of the plant, the fruit including the pulp and the kernel. It refers to the oil produced per hectare. It should be understood that this value refers to the oil yield obtained from a monoculture, the plant being cultivated under standard conditions according to the respective plant known to the skilled person. Thus, if the plant is not cultivated in a monoculture (for example, as a cattle pasture), the respective value for this particular cultivation may be reduced. Typically, oil palm has an oil yield in tonnes / ha / year of about 3.8 t / ha / yr, rapeseed has an oil yield in tonnes / ha / year of about 0.8 t / ha / yr, sunflower has an oil yield in tonnes / ha / year of about 0.7 t / ha / yr, and soybean has an oil yield in tonnes / ha / year of about 0.6 t / ha / yr.

[0058] The term "monocropping" as used herein refers to the practice of growing one plant, for example the macauba palm, at a time in a field. In the example of the macauba palm, about 500 to about 600 palms can be planted per hectare. In this context, the minimum distance between the trees is preferably about 3.5 to 4.5 meters. This number varies, for example, depending on the soil. The growth of the macauba plant is described below. In the first year, the growth is slower since the main development occurs below the soil. Thus, the plant itself grows about 80 to 100 cm. From the second year onwards, when the plant size reaches about 100 to 150 cm), the growth becomes faster and there is an increase in the development of the aboveground part of the plant. The fully mature plants that provide the claimed annual oil yield per hectare are about 5 to 6 years old.

[0059] Macauba plants consume 50% less water than palm. Macauba plantations can be located in areas with a minimum annual rainfall of 1,200 mm.

[0060] The term "agroforestry" as used herein refers to a land use management system in which trees or shrubs are grown around or among other plants, such as other trees or other shrubs or crops or pastures. It should be understood that in agroforestry, there may not be only one plant. In the example of macaubay palm, for example, about 250 to about 360 or about 325 to about 350 trees per hectare may be planted. In this context, suitable crops that may be planted together with macaubay palm are, for example, beans, mandioca, corn, cereals, sunflowers, peanuts, rapeseed, soybeans and mixtures thereof.

[0061] As used herein, the term "silvopastoral" refers to a land use management system in which trees and, optionally, fodder are planted within livestock grazing land. In the example of macaubay palm, for example, about 275 to about 450 or about 375 to about 400 trees per hectare can be planted.

[0062] Preferred embodiments of the fatty acid amide composition, alkoxylated fatty acid ester composition, the process for producing the specific fatty acid amide and its blend or the specific alkoxylated fatty acid ester and its blend, and the use thereof and the product containing them are described below. It should be understood that the preferred embodiments of the present invention are preferred alone or in combination with each other.

[0063] One advantage of the present invention is that the fatty acid amide compositions, alkoxylated fatty acid ester compositions, specific fatty acid amides and blends thereof or specific alkoxylated fatty acid esters of the present invention exhibit improved storage stability and improved handling and processability.

[0064] The fatty acid amide composition, alkoxylated fatty acid ester composition, specific fatty acid amide and their blends or specific alkoxylated fatty acid ester of the present invention have particularly improved storage stability. Improved storage stability is achieved when the composition does not show any visible (e.g., turbidity, discoloration, phase separation, aggregation) or measurable (e.g., pH, viscosity, content of active substance, color value) or perceptible (odor) changes over time. Preferably, improved storage stability is achieved when less color formation is observed during storage at elevated temperatures. In the case of aqueous compositions, elevated temperatures are, for example, temperatures above 40° C., and in the case of non-aqueous compositions, elevated temperatures are temperatures above the melting point. Also, preferably, improved storage stability is achieved when no turbidity or phase separation can be observed during storage at low temperatures, for example, below 15° C., in the case of aqueous compositions. Even more preferably, improved storage stability is achieved when the composition freezes and melts in a well-defined narrow temperature range. The freezing / melting temperature range of the composition can be determined by DSC measurement (differential scanning calorimetry). Most preferably, improved storage stability is achieved when the composition remains stable unchanged for as long as possible.

[0065] Preferably, the fatty acid amide composition, alkoxylated fatty acid ester composition, specific fatty acid amide and their blends or specific alkoxylated fatty acid ester of the present invention have improved handling and processability.Improved handling and processability is achieved especially when the aqueous composition has a viscosity that allows free flow at room temperature (about 23°C) and / or allows easy stirring and pumping (e.g., exhibits shear thinning behavior).Furthermore, improved handling and processability is achieved especially when the non-aqueous composition has a lower melting point and a lower viscosity, allowing free flow at temperatures above the melting point.

[0066] One advantage of the present invention is that the fatty acid amide compositions, alkoxylated fatty acid ester compositions, personal care compositions, cleaning compositions, nutritional formulations, pharmaceutical formulations or crop formulations of the specific fatty acid amides and their blends or specific alkoxylated fatty acid esters of the present invention exhibit improved viscosity and flow behavior, and / or improved appearance / clarity, and / or improved mildness, and / or improved surface activity and cleaning ability, and / or improved foaming ability, and / or improved care performance.

[0067] What is understood as advantageous viscosity and flow behavior depends on the intended use and application of the personal care composition. For aqueous personal care compositions, cleaning compositions, nutritional formulations, pharmaceutical formulations or crop formulations of the fatty acid amide compositions, alkoxylated fatty acid ester compositions, specific fatty acid amides and their blends or specific alkoxylated fatty acid esters of the present invention, such as shower gels and shampoos, it is desirable to have a high viscosity in the range of 5000 to 20000 mPas (measured with a Brookfield RV laboratory rheometer at 23°C and 10 rpm, choice of spindle depending on the viscosity range). As is known, "mPas" means millipascal seconds. Thus, the improved viscosity and flow behavior of the aqueous personal care composition, cleaning composition, nutritional formulation, pharmaceutical formulation or crop preparation of the fatty acid amide composition, alkoxylated fatty acid ester composition, specific fatty acid amide and their blends or specific alkoxylated fatty acid ester of the present invention is preferably achieved by having a higher viscosity with the same concentration of the fatty acid amide composition, alkoxylated fatty acid ester composition, specific fatty acid amide and their blends or specific alkoxylated fatty acid ester (and the same concentration of other components), or by having the same viscosity with a lower concentration of the fatty acid amide composition, alkoxylated fatty acid ester composition, specific fatty acid amide and their blends or specific alkoxylated fatty acid ester (and / or a lower concentration of other components). Preferably, the improved viscosity and flow behavior of the aqueous personal care composition, cleaning composition, nutritional formulation, pharmaceutical formulation or crop preparation of the fatty acid amide composition, alkoxylated fatty acid ester composition, specific fatty acid amide and their blends or specific alkoxylated fatty acid ester of the present invention is achieved when the viscosity is not or is not very sensitive to temperature (e.g., the viscosity does not decrease or is not very sensitive at high temperatures, e.g., 40°C or higher).Finally, and preferably, improved viscosity and flow behavior of the aqueous personal care compositions, cleaning compositions, nutritional formulations, pharmaceutical formulations or crop formulations of the fatty acid amide compositions, alkoxylated fatty acid ester compositions, specific fatty acid amides and their blends or specific alkoxylated fatty acid esters of the present invention is achieved if the viscosity is not or is not very sensitive to the addition of parfum (e.g., the viscosity does not decrease or does not decrease much) and / or if the composition has a shear thinning flow behavior (meaning that the viscosity decreases when the composition is provided with shear stress (e.g., when the composition is moved, stirred, pumped, shaken)) and / or if the composition has a high viscosity when at rest (in a bottle / package, when collected in the palm of the hand) and a low viscosity under shear stress (e.g., when administered, squeezed out of a bottle or distributed / applied and rubbed between the hands and / or hair).

[0068] For aqueous personal care compositions, cleaning compositions, nutritional formulations, pharmaceutical formulations or crop formulations of the fatty acid amide composition, alkoxylated fatty acid ester composition, specific fatty acid amide and blends thereof or specific alkoxylated fatty acid ester of the present invention, such as pump foams, sprays, micellar waters or make-up removers, a very low viscosity of less than 200 mPas is desired. In this case, it is advantageous to achieve a lower viscosity using the same concentration of the fatty acid amide composition, alkoxylated fatty acid ester composition, specific fatty acid amide and blends thereof or specific alkoxylated fatty acid ester (and the same concentration of other ingredients), or to achieve the same viscosity using a higher concentration of the fatty acid amide composition, alkoxylated fatty acid ester composition, specific fatty acid amide and blends thereof or specific alkoxylated fatty acid ester (and / or a higher concentration of other ingredients).

[0069] In the case of the aqueous personal care composition, cleaning composition, nutritional formulation, pharmaceutical formulation or crop formulation of the fatty acid amide composition, alkoxylated fatty acid ester composition, specific fatty acid amide and their blends or specific alkoxylated fatty acid ester of the present invention, a transparent composition is very often required, especially when transparent packaging is used.Therefore, preferably, the care composition of the present invention has improved transparency.Transparency can be quantitatively determined by transmission measurement with TurbiScan MA 2000 (Formulaction measuring instrument) at 23 ° C.Preferably, the care composition of the present invention has an average transmission of at least 80%, more preferably at least 85%, most preferably at least 88%.

[0070] For the fatty acid amide composition, alkoxylated fatty acid ester composition, specific fatty acid amide and their blends or specific alkoxylated fatty acid ester personal care composition, cleaning composition, nutritional formulation, pharmaceutical formulation or crop preparation of the present invention, it is desirable to have good compatibility with skin and mucous membranes (eyeball and mouth) and therefore low irritation potential (also indicated as mildness). The fatty acid amide composition, alkoxylated fatty acid ester composition, specific fatty acid amide and their blends or specific alkoxylated fatty acid ester personal care composition, cleaning composition, nutritional formulation, pharmaceutical formulation or crop preparation of the present invention has improved mildness. Irritation potential can be determined by methods known to those skilled in the art, for example by in vitro methods such as RBC, HET-CAM or tests on model tissues (eyeball / mouth), and further by subjects (for example, patch test on skin by panelists, "non-lacrimatory" test).

[0071] It is also advantageous for the fatty acid amide composition, alkoxylated fatty acid ester composition, specific fatty acid amide and their blends or specific alkoxylated fatty acid ester of the present invention to have improved surface activity. Improved surface activity is characterized by either a lower CMC (critical micelle concentration), lower surface tension or the ability to reduce surface tension faster compared to compositions containing fatty acid amide composition, alkoxylated fatty acid ester composition, specific fatty acid amide and their blends or specific alkoxylated fatty acid ester obtained from other oil feedstocks. The surface can be, for example, the interface between an aqueous composition and either air, gas or oil. Thus, the fatty acid amide composition, alkoxylated fatty acid ester composition, specific fatty acid amide and their blends or specific alkoxylated fatty acid ester of the present invention preferably has improved surface activity. The surface activity can be measured by CMC measurement with a tensiometer (DCAT, DataPhysics Instruments GmbH or equivalent), dynamic surface tension measurement with the bubble pressure method (SITA-Online T60, Sita Messtechnik GmbH or equivalent). These characteristics are also suitable for determining the cleaning, dispersing, emulsifying and solubilizing capacity of the composition, in particular for removing dirt and oily substances from hair, skin, hard surfaces and fabrics.

[0072] In parallel with the fatty acid amide composition, the alkoxylated fatty acid ester composition, the specific fatty acid amides and their blends or the specific alkoxylated fatty acid esters comprising the present invention, the personal care compositions, cleaning compositions, nutritional formulations, pharmaceutical formulations or crop formulations of the fatty acid amide composition, the alkoxylated fatty acid ester composition, the specific fatty acid amides and their blends or the specific alkoxylated fatty acid esters of the present invention also exhibit the improved storage stability defined above.

[0073] It is desirable that the fatty acid amide composition, alkoxylated fatty acid ester composition, specific fatty acid amide and their blends or specific alkoxylated fatty acid ester personal care composition, cleaning composition, nutritional formulation, pharmaceutical formulation or crop formulation of the present invention have good foaming ability.In particular, it is desirable that the composition can form a foam with a large initial foam volume when using the composition, for example, by rubbing between hands, skin and / or hair; and / or is stable after the end of foam formation, and therefore shows no or little volume loss compared to the initial foam volume, and / or no or little drainage (no or only very little accumulation of liquid under the foam); and / or has small foam bubbles and a narrow foam bubble size distribution; and / or has a high water content (liquid volume in foam / total foam volume); and / or has high elasticity; and / or has a favorable foam sensation, such as soft and dense foam feel, creaminess, elasticity, moldability and overall acceptance by consumers. Preferably, the foam obtained from the fatty acid amide compositions, alkoxylated fatty acid ester compositions, specific fatty acid amides and blends thereof or specific alkoxylated fatty acid esters of the present invention in personal care compositions, cleaning compositions, nutritional formulations, pharmaceutical formulations or crop formulations exhibit the above-mentioned characteristics even under harsh conditions such as in hard water (e.g., 15° dH), at low temperatures, under acidic or alkaline conditions, in the presence of high oil loads, in the presence of high salt loads, in the absence of anionic sulfate surfactants, etc.

[0074] The foaming behavior of an aqueous composition (or a dry composition dissolved in water) can be investigated, for example, by agitating the solution for a short time (about 10-200 seconds) by stirring, shaking, pumping, bubbling with a gas stream or other methods, then monitoring the foam volume over time (up to 30 minutes) and taking pictures of the foam structure for image analysis. For this purpose, testing equipment such as Foam Expert (SITA Messtechnik GmbH) or Dynamic Foam Analyzer DFA 100 (Kruess) can be used. In addition, foams can be evaluated by rheological measurements in a viscometer.

[0075] Preferably, the fatty acid amide composition, alkoxylated fatty acid ester composition, specific fatty acid amides and their blends or specific alkoxylated fatty acid esters derived from macauba oil leave a more cared for feel after application on hair and / or skin than the fatty acid amide composition, alkoxylated fatty acid ester composition, specific fatty acid amides and their blends or specific alkoxylated fatty acid esters derived from other oil sources. This can be investigated by a test panel, for example, with reference to subjective skin feel (smoothness, dryness, etc.) or the touch and feel of treated hair. Mechanical measurement methods such as hair combing or hair breakage can also be used.

[0076] Preferred embodiments of fatty acid amide composition, alkoxylated fatty acid ester composition, composition comprising specific fatty acid amides and their blends or specific alkoxylated fatty acid esters derived from macaubay oil or composition comprising specific fatty acid amides and their blends or specific alkoxylated fatty acid esters obtained by a process comprising an amidation step and a reaction step with chloroacetic acid, and their use for the manufacture of fatty acid amide composition, alkoxylated fatty acid ester composition, specific fatty acid amides and their blends or specific alkoxylated fatty acid esters, their use as surfactants in personal care compositions and / or cleaning compositions, and these personal care compositions and cleaning compositions themselves are described below.It should be understood that the preferred embodiments of the present invention are preferred alone or in combination with each other.

[0077] A particular advantage of the process of the present invention is that it is more efficient and less energy intensive, therefore having a higher sustainability and a better carbon footprint. This is because macauba oil has a lower melting point than, for example, the commonly used palm kernel oil. It therefore has a lower viscosity at comparable temperatures and can therefore be processed at lower temperatures with lower energy demands. Another reason is that the sustainability of macauba oil is higher than that of oils from other oil sources such as coconut oil, palm oil or palm kernel oil, as the growth conditions require less water, less space, are more productive, are more robust and allow growth under less specific conditions.

[0078] Another reason is that the lower melting point results in a lower free fatty acid content. Free fatty acids need to be removed before the transesterification reaction that is preferably used in the process of the present invention. Such removal can be done by chemical refining, in which free fatty acids are converted to soap and then washed off, for example, with water, or by physical refining, in which free fatty acids are contacted with steam and then collected. Furthermore, the removed free fatty acids are re-esterified at least during production and re-added to the feedstock. Therefore, a lower free fatty acid content leads to lower energy and material demands, making the whole process more efficient and sustainable.

[0079] As noted above, the present invention relates in one embodiment to a process for producing a fatty acid amide composition or an alkoxylated fatty acid ester composition, the process comprising: a) converting oil extracted from macaubay palm having an oil yield in tonnes / hectare / year of at least 6 t / ha / yr into fatty acid amides or alkoxylated fatty acid esters; Includes.

[0080] In a preferred embodiment, the macaubay palm is Acrocomia hassleri, Acrocomia totei and / or Acrocomia aculeata, in particular Acrocomia aculeata.

[0081] In a preferred embodiment, the oil is extracted from palm pulp and / or palm kernel.

[0082] In a preferred embodiment, the oil is extracted from macauba kernel, preferably the macauba is Acrocomia hassleri, Acrocomia totei and / or Acrocomia aculeata, and the oil is more preferably extracted from Acrocomia hassleri kernel, Acrocomia totei kernel and / or Acrocomia aculeata kernel, in particular the macauba is Acrocomia aculeata and the oil is extracted from Acrocomia aculeata kernel.

[0083] In another preferred embodiment, the oil is extracted from macauba pulp, in particular, the macauba palm is Acrocomia aculeata, and the oil is extracted from Acrocomia aculeata pulp.

[0084] In another preferred embodiment, the oil is extracted from the macauba pulp and kernel, in particular, the macauba palm is Acrocomia aculeata, and the oil is extracted from the Acrocomia aculeata pulp and kernel.

[0085] In a preferred embodiment, the macaubay palm is capable of growing well under tropical and subtropical conditions.

[0086] In a preferred embodiment, the macaubay palm is capable of growing satisfactorily in areas between 30°N and 28°S, preferably between 25°N and 25°S.

[0087] In a preferred embodiment, the Macaubay palm grows well in a temperature range of 18-30° C., more preferably 20-28° C. In this connection, it should be understood that the temperature range is the average temperature over a year. Thus, the Macaubay palm is preferably less susceptible to temperature fluctuations.

[0088] The term "fully grown" as used herein indicates that the claimed oil yield is achieved under standard cultivation.

[0089] In addition, oil palm in particular requires tropical conditions, with a preferred temperature of about 24-28°C and monthly rainfall of at least 100mm / m 2 , and humidity is around 50-70%. These factors limit the potential for profitable cultivation.

[0090] In a preferred embodiment, the process provides a reduced demand for water.

[0091] In a preferred embodiment, the process provides for a reduction in biodiversity loss.

[0092] In a preferred embodiment, the process provides for reduced habitat loss for endemic species.

[0093] In a preferred embodiment, the process provides for reduced deforestation.

[0094] In a preferred embodiment, the process provides for the improvement of degraded areas and / or restoration of water bodies and catchments.

[0095] In a preferred embodiment, the process provides improved water retention in the soil.

[0096] In this context, it should be understood that the above reduction or improvement is compared to a plant, preferably oil palm, having an oil yield in tonnes / hectare / year of less than 6 t / ha / yr.

[0097] In a preferred embodiment, the oil extracted from the macaubay palm having an oil yield in tonnes per hectare per year of at least 6 t / ha / yr is crude oil, i.e., it does not undergo further processing after extraction from the macaubay palm.

[0098] In another preferred embodiment, the oil extracted from macaubay palm having an oil yield in tonnes / hectare / year of at least 6 t / ha / yr is a filtered oil, i.e. the crude oil is first filtered by any filtration system known in the art before being used in the process. A suitable filtration process is, for example, pressure filtration.

[0099] In a preferred embodiment, the oil extracted from macaubay palm having an oil yield in tonnes / hectare / year of at least 6 t / ha / yr is crude oil, i.e. it is not subjected to further processing after extraction from the macaubay palm, and has a free fatty acid content of 4% by weight or less.

[0100] In a preferred embodiment, in step a), the conversion is carried out under chemical or enzymatic conditions, preferably under chemical conditions.

[0101] In a preferred embodiment, step a) comprises amidation. Any suitable amidation method can be carried out. In a preferred embodiment, the condensation is carried out in the presence of an amine (e.g., a monoamine, diamine or triamine), preferably the amine is provided in excess. The reaction can further comprise the addition of a catalyst.

[0102] In a preferred embodiment, step a) involves transesterification. Any suitable transesterification method can be carried out. Preferably, the transesterification is carried out in the presence of an alkoxylated alcohol to provide glycerol and the respective ester. The reaction can further include the addition of a catalyst. Preferably, the alkoxylated alcohol is provided in excess.

[0103] In a preferred embodiment, the process further comprises hydrogenation, whereby the double bonds of the fatty acid moieties are completely or partially removed. When the process comprises complete hydrogenation, the fatty acid composition does not comprise unsaturated moieties.

[0104] In a preferred embodiment, the macaubay palm has an oil yield in tonnes / hectare / year in the range of at least 7 t / ha / yr, preferably at least 8 t / ha / yr.

[0105] In a preferred embodiment, the macaubaya has an oil yield in tonnes / hectare / year in the range of 6-30 t / ha / yr, preferably 7-20 t / ha / yr, more preferably 8-15 t / ha / yr or 8-12 t / ha / yr or 8-11 t / ha / yr.

[0106] In a preferred embodiment, the process of the present invention results in simple fatty acid esters. Another preferred embodiment of the present invention relates to the use of such simple fatty acid esters as emollients in cosmetic compositions.

[0107] In a preferred embodiment, a fatty acid amide composition is produced, preferably the fatty acid amide composition is selected from the group consisting of fatty acid amide alkanolamide (fatty acid alkanolamide) compositions, fatty acid amide alkyl betaine compositions, and in step a) the oil is converted to fatty acid amide alkanolamide (fatty acid alkanolamide), fatty acid amide alkyl betaine.

[0108] In a particularly preferred embodiment, a fatty acid amide composition is produced, preferably the fatty acid amide composition is selected from the group consisting of a fatty acid amide alkanolamide (fatty acid alkanolamide) composition and a fatty acid amide alkyl betaine composition, and in step a) the oil is converted to a fatty acid amide alkanolamide (fatty acid alkanolamide) or a fatty acid amide alkyl betaine.

[0109] Suitable fatty acid amide alkanolamides (fatty acid alkanolamides) are represented by the general formula (I) R-CO-NR 1 R 2 (I) (Wherein, R is a saturated or unsaturated C 4 ~C 24 Alkyl, preferably C 6 ~C 20 is alkyl, R 1 is H or C 1 ~C 8 Hydroxyalkyl, preferably H or C 1 ~C 4 hydroxyalkyl, R 2 is H or C 1 ~C 8 Hydroxyalkyl, preferably H or C 1 ~C 4 hydroxyalkyl) It can be expressed as:

[0110] In a preferred embodiment, the fatty acid amide alkanolamide (fatty acid alkanolamide) is represented by the general formula (I): R-CO-NR 1 R 2 (I) (Wherein, R is a saturated or unsaturated C 4 ~C 24 Alkyl, preferably C 6 ~C 20 is alkyl, R 1 is H and R 2 is H or C 1 ~C 8 Hydroxyalkyl, preferably H or C 1 ~C 4hydroxyalkyl) In this context, INCI Cocamide MEA and INCI Lauramide MEA may be mentioned.

[0111] In another preferred embodiment, the fatty acid amide alkanolamide (fatty acid alkanolamide) is represented by the general formula (I): R-CO-NR 1 R 2 (I) (Wherein, R is a saturated or unsaturated C 4 ~C 24 Alkyl, preferably C 6 ~C 20 is alkyl, R 1 is C 1 ~C 8 Hydroxyalkyl, preferably H or C 1 ~C 4 hydroxyalkyl, R 2 is C 1 ~C 8 Hydroxyalkyl, preferably H or C 1 ~C 4 hydroxyalkyl) In this context, mention may be made of Cocamide COD (INCI Cocamide DEA) and INCI Lauramide DEA.

[0112] In a preferred embodiment, the fatty acid amide alkanolamide (fatty acid alkanolamide) is selected from the group consisting of fatty acid amide monoethanolamides and fatty acid amide diethanolamides.

[0113] The fatty acid amide alkanolamides (fatty acid alkanolamides) can be obtained by any suitable method known in the art.

[0114] Suitable fatty acid amidoalkyl betaines are of the general formula (II) [ka] (In the formula, R 9is saturated or unsaturated C 4 ~C 24 Alkyl, preferably C 6 ~C 20 alkyl, and n is an integer of 1 to 10, preferably 2 to 4. It can be expressed as:

[0115] In a preferred embodiment, the fatty acid amidoalkyl betaine is fatty acid amidopropyl betaine. In this connection, mention may be made of INCI cocamidopropyl betaine, INCI lauramidopropyl betaine and Dehyton PK45. The fatty acid amidoalkyl betaine can be obtained by any suitable method known in the art.

[0116] In a preferred embodiment, the fatty acid amide composition provided in step a) comprises at least 40 wt. % C based on the total weight of the fatty acid amide composition. 4 ~C 22 Fatty acid amides, preferably C 6 ~C 20 Fatty acid amides, more preferably C 8 ~C 18 Fatty acid amides, even more preferably C 8 ~C 16 Fatty acid amide or C 16 ~C 18 Fatty acid amides, especially C 10 ~C 16 Fatty acid amide or C 12 ~C 14 Contains fatty amides.

[0117] In a preferred embodiment, the fatty acid amide composition provided in step a) comprises, each based on the total weight of the fatty acid amide composition, 1-20% by weight C 8 fatty acid amides, 1-8% by weight C 10 fatty acid amides, 30-48% by weight C 12 fatty acid amides, 5-15% by weight C 14 fatty acid amides, 4-13% by weight C16 fatty acid amides, 15-42% by weight C 18 Fatty acid amides, and 0 to 5% by weight 20 Fatty Acid Amides The fatty acid amide composition is preferably obtained from oil extracted from macauba kernel. In a preferred embodiment, the fatty acid amide composition provided in step a) comprises: 3 to 7% by weight, preferably 4 to 6% by weight of C 8 fatty acid amides, 2 to 6% by weight, preferably 3 to 5% by weight of C 10 fatty acid amides, 36 to 46% by weight, preferably 38 to 42% by weight of C 12 fatty acid amides, 6 to 13% by weight, preferably 8 to 11% by weight of C 14 fatty acid amides, 5 to 11% by weight, preferably 6 to 9% by weight of C 16 fatty acid amides, 25 to 40% by weight, preferably 30 to 38% by weight of C 18 Fatty acid amides, and 0 to 4% by weight, preferably 0 to 3% by weight of C 20 Fatty Acid Amides The fatty acid amide composition is preferably obtained from oil extracted from macauba kernel.

[0118] In a preferred embodiment, the fatty acid amide composition provided in step a) comprises, each based on the total weight of the fatty acid amide composition, 0 to 5% by weight, preferably 0 to 3% by weight, particularly 0 to 2% by weight of C 10 fatty acid amides, 0 to 6% by weight, preferably 0 to 5% by weight, in particular 1 to 4% by weight of C 12 fatty acid amides, 0 to 6% by weight, preferably 0 to 5% by weight, in particular 1 to 4% by weight of C 14 fatty acid amides, 10 to 35% by weight, preferably 13 to 32% by weight, in particular 15 to 30% by weight of C 16fatty acid amides, 55 to 85% by weight, preferably 60 to 80% by weight, particularly 65 to 75% by weight of C 18 fatty acid amides, 0 to 4% by weight, preferably 0 to 3% by weight, particularly 0 to 2% by weight of C 20 Fatty Acid Amides The fatty acid amide composition is preferably obtained from oil extracted from macauba pulp.

[0119] In a more preferred embodiment, the fatty acid amide composition comprises: 0.1 to 10% by weight C 6 fatty acid amides, 1-20% by weight C 8 fatty acid amides, 1-8% by weight C 10 fatty acid amides, 30-48% by weight C 12 fatty acid amides, 5-15% by weight C 14 fatty acid amides, 4-13% by weight C 16 fatty acid amides, 15-42% by weight C 18 Fatty acid amides, and 0-5% by weight C 20 Fatty Acid Amides Includes.

[0120] In an even more preferred embodiment, the fatty acid amide composition comprises: 0.2 to 4% by weight, preferably 0.4 to 1.5% by weight of C 6 fatty acid amides, 3 to 7% by weight, preferably 4 to 6% by weight of C 8 fatty acid amides, 2 to 6% by weight, preferably 3 to 5% by weight of C 10 fatty acid amides, 36 to 46% by weight, preferably 38 to 42% by weight of C 12 fatty acid amides, 6 to 13% by weight, preferably 8 to 11% by weight of C 14fatty acid amides, 5 to 11% by weight, preferably 6 to 9% by weight of C 16 fatty acid amides, 25 to 40% by weight, preferably 30 to 38% by weight of C 18 Fatty acid amides, and 0 to 4% by weight, preferably 0 to 3% by weight of C 20 Fatty Acid Amides Includes.

[0121] In a preferred embodiment, the fatty acid amide composition provided in step a) has at least 85 wt. % C based on the total weight of the fatty acid amide composition. 4 ~C 22 Fatty acid amides, preferably C 10 ~C 22 Fatty acid amides, more preferably C 12 ~C 20 Fatty acid amides, even more preferably C 12 ~C 20 Fatty acid amides, especially C 12 ~C 18 Contains fatty acid amides.

[0122] In a preferred embodiment, the fatty acid amide composition provided in step a) comprises at least 10 wt. % C, each based on the total weight of the fatty acid amide composition. 16 Fatty acid amide and at least 65% by weight of C 18 Contains fatty acid amides.

[0123] In a preferred embodiment, the fatty acid amide composition provided in step a) comprises 10 to 40 wt. % of C, each based on the total weight of the fatty acid amide composition. 16 Fatty acid amide and 60-90% by weight of C 18 Contains fatty acid amides.

[0124] In a preferred embodiment, the fatty acid amide composition provided in step a) has at least 30 wt. %, preferably at least 35 wt. %, in particular at least 40 wt. %, C, based on the total weight of the fatty acid amide composition. 12~14 Contains fatty acid amides.

[0125] In a preferred embodiment, the fatty acid amide composition provided in step a) comprises at least 2 wt. % C, each based on the total weight of the fatty acid amide composition. 10 Fatty acid amides, at least 25% by weight of C 12 Fatty acid amides, at least 5% by weight of C 14 Fatty acid amide and at least 4% by weight of C 16 Contains fatty acid amides.

[0126] In a preferred embodiment, the fatty acid amide composition provided in step a) comprises 0 to 5 wt. % of C, each based on the total weight of the fatty acid amide composition. 8 Fatty acid amide, 2-6 wt% C 10 Fatty acid amide, 25-45% by weight C 12 Fatty acid amide, 5-20% by weight C 14 Fatty acid amide and 4-15% by weight of C 16 Contains fatty acid amides.

[0127] In a preferred embodiment, the fatty acid amide composition comprises 0.2 to 4 wt.% of C, each based on the total weight of the fatty acid amide composition. 6 Fatty acid amide, 3-7 wt% C 8 Fatty acid amide, 2-6 wt% C 10 Fatty acid amide, 35-45% by weight C 12 Fatty acid amides, 5-13% by weight C 14 Fatty acid amide and 4-10% by weight of C 16 Contains fatty acid amides.

[0128] In a preferred embodiment, the fatty acid amide composition comprises at least 90% by weight of C based on the total weight of the fatty acid amide composition. 6 Contains fatty acid amides.

[0129] In a preferred embodiment, the fatty acid amide composition comprises at least 95 wt. % C based on the total weight of the fatty acid amide composition. 12~14 C, which contains a fatty acid amide and is 36 to 46% by weight, preferably 38 to 42% by weight, based on the total weight of the fatty acid amide composition. 12Fatty acid amide and 6 to 13 wt.%, preferably 8 to 11 wt.% of C 14 Further included are fatty acid amides.

[0130] In a particularly preferred embodiment of the present invention, the fatty acid amide composition provided in step a) further comprises glycerol.

[0131] In a preferred embodiment, the fatty acid amide composition provided in step a) is a fatty acid amide alkanolamide (fatty acid alkanolamide) composition, preferably selected from the group consisting of fatty acid amide monoalkylamide (fatty acid monoalkylamide) compositions and fatty acid amide dialkylamide (fatty acid dialkylamide) compositions, more preferably selected from the group consisting of fatty acid amide monoethanolamide (fatty acid monoethanolamide) compositions and fatty acid amide diethanolamide (fatty acid diethanolamide) compositions.

[0132] In another preferred embodiment, the fatty acid amide composition provided in step a) is a fatty acid amido alkyl betaine, preferably a fatty acid amido propyl betaine composition.

[0133] In a preferred embodiment, step a) comprises ai) blending oil extracted from macaubay palm having an oil yield in tonnes / hectare / year of at least 6 t / ha / yr, preferably at least 7 t / ha / yr, more preferably at least 8 t / ha / yr, with oil extracted from plants having an oil yield in tonnes / hectare / year of less than 6 t / ha / yr, preferably less than 5 t / ha / yr, more preferably less than 4.5 t / ha / yr. In a preferred embodiment, the oil extracted from Macaubay palm having an oil yield in tonnes / ha / year of 6-30 t / ha / yr, more preferably 7-20 t / ha / yr, even more preferably 8-15 t / ha / yr, or 8-12 t / ha / yr, or 8-11 t / ha / yr, is mixed with oil extracted from plants having an oil yield in tonnes / ha / year of less than 0.1-6 t / ha / yr, preferably 0.3-5 t / ha / yr, more preferably 0.5-4.5 t / ha / yr. In a preferred embodiment, the oil extracted from plants having an oil yield in tonnes / ha / year of less than 6 t / ha / yr is derived from coconut oil (CNO), palm oil (PO) and / or palm kernel oil (PKO). In another preferred embodiment, the oil extracted from plants having an oil yield in tonnes / hectare / year of less than 6 t / ha / yr is derived from soybean oil, sunflower oil, olive oil and / or rapeseed oil.

[0134] In yet another preferred embodiment, the oil extracted from plants having an oil yield in tonnes / hectare / year of less than 6 t / ha / yr is derived from coconut oil (CNO), palm oil (PO), palm kernel oil (PKO), soybean oil, sunflower oil, olive oil and / or rapeseed oil.

[0135] In a preferred embodiment, the oil extracted from plants having an oil yield in tonnes / hectare / year of less than 6 t / ha / yr is derived from coconut oil (CNO) and / or palm kernel oil (PKO).

[0136] In a preferred embodiment, the oil extracted from plants having an oil yield in tonnes / hectare / year of less than 6 t / ha / yr is derived from palm oil (PO) and / or palm kernel oil (PKO).

[0137] In a preferred embodiment, step a) comprises ai) blending oil derived from macauba kernels extracted from macauba palms having an oil yield in tonnes / hectare / year of at least 6 t / ha / yr with oil derived from palm kernel oil (PKO) extracted from plants having an oil yield in tonnes / hectare / year of less than 6 t / ha / yr; Further includes:

[0138] In a preferred embodiment, step a) comprises ai) blending oil derived from macauba kernels extracted from macauba palms having an oil yield in tonnes / hectare / year of at least 6 t / ha / yr with oil derived from palm oil (CNO) extracted from plants having an oil yield in tonnes / hectare / year of less than 6 t / ha / yr; Further includes:

[0139] In a preferred embodiment, step a) comprises ai) blending oil derived from macauba kernels extracted from macauba palms having an oil yield in tonnes / hectare / year of at least 6 t / ha / yr with oil derived from palm kernel oil (PKO) and coconut oil (CNO) extracted from plants having an oil yield in tonnes / hectare / year of less than 6 t / ha / yr; Further includes:

[0140] In a preferred embodiment, step a) comprises ai) blending oil derived from macauba pulp extracted from macauba palm having an oil yield in tonnes / hectare / year of at least 6 t / ha / yr with oil derived from palm oil (PO) extracted from plants having an oil yield in tonnes / hectare / year of less than 6 t / ha / yr; Further includes:

[0141] In a preferred embodiment, the fatty acid amide composition obtained in step a) is mixed with a fatty acid amide composition obtained from an oil extracted from a plant having an oil yield in tonnes / hectare / year of less than 6 t / ha / yr (preferably less than 0.1-6 t / ha / yr, preferably 0.3-5 t / ha / yr, more preferably 0.5-4.5 t / ha / yr) and then converted into the respective fatty acid amide composition. In a preferred embodiment, the oil extracted from a plant having an oil yield in tonnes / hectare / year of less than 6 t / ha / yr is derived from coconut oil (CNO), palm oil (PO) and / or palm kernel oil (PKO). In another preferred embodiment, the oil extracted from a plant having an oil yield in tonnes / hectare / year of less than 6 t / ha / yr is derived from soybean oil, sunflower oil, olive oil and / or rapeseed oil.

[0142] In yet another preferred embodiment, the oil extracted from plants having an oil yield in tonnes / hectare / year of less than 6 t / ha / yr is derived from coconut oil (CNO), palm oil (PO), palm kernel oil (PKO), soybean oil, sunflower oil, olive oil and / or rapeseed oil.

[0143] In a preferred embodiment, the oil extracted from plants having an oil yield in tonnes / hectare / year of less than 6 t / ha / yr is derived from coconut oil (CNO) and / or palm kernel oil (PKO).

[0144] In a preferred embodiment, the oil extracted from plants having an oil yield in tonnes / hectare / year of less than 6 t / ha / yr is derived from palm oil (PO) and / or palm kernel oil (PKO).

[0145] In a preferred embodiment, the fatty acid amide composition obtained in step a) from oil derived from macauba kernel extracted from macauba palm having an oil yield in tonnes / hectare / year of at least 6 t / ha / yr is mixed with a fatty acid amide composition obtained from oil derived from palm kernel oil (PKO) extracted from a plant having an oil yield in tonnes / hectare / year of less than 6 t / ha / yr.

[0146] In a preferred embodiment, the fatty acid amide composition obtained in step a) from oil derived from macauba kernel extracted from macauba palm having an oil yield in tonnes / hectare / year of at least 6 t / ha / yr is mixed with a fatty acid amide composition obtained from oil derived from palm oil (CNO) extracted from a plant having an oil yield in tonnes / hectare / year of less than 6 t / ha / yr.

[0147] In a preferred embodiment, the fatty acid amide composition obtained in step a) from oil derived from macauba kernel extracted from macauba palm having an oil yield in tonnes / hectare / year of at least 6 t / ha / yr is mixed with a fatty acid amide composition obtained from oil derived from palm kernel oil (PKO) and coconut oil (CNO) extracted from plants having an oil yield in tonnes / hectare / year of less than 6 t / ha / yr.

[0148] In a preferred embodiment, the fatty acid amide composition obtained in step a) from oil derived from macauba pulp extracted from macauba palm having an oil yield in tonnes / hectare / year of at least 6 t / ha / yr is mixed with a fatty acid amide composition obtained from oil derived from palm oil (PO) extracted from a plant having an oil yield in tonnes / hectare / year of less than 6 t / ha / yr.

[0149] In a preferred embodiment, an alkoxylated fatty acid ester composition is produced.

[0150] Suitable alkoxylated fatty acid esters are represented by the general formula (III): [ka] (Wherein, R is a saturated or unsaturated C 4 ~C 24 Alkyl, preferably C 6 ~C 20 alkyl, and n is an average number from 1 to 12, preferably from 3 to 10. In this context, it is understood that the asterisk in formula (III) denotes a stereocenter. In this context, PEG-7 glyceryl cocoate can be mentioned.

[0151] Suitable alkoxylated fatty acid esters are represented by the general formula (IV): R-CO-(OCH 2 ) m -R 3 (IV) (Wherein, R is a saturated or unsaturated C 4 ~C 24 Alkyl, preferably C 6 ~C 20 Alkyl or saturated or unsaturated C 4 ~C 24 Alkoxyl, preferably C 6 ~C 20 alkoxyl, m is an average number from 1 to 12, preferably from 3 to 10, R 3 is C 1 ~C 5 Alkyl or C 1 ~C 5 hydroxyalkyl) It can also be expressed by:

[0152] The alkoxylated fatty acid esters can be obtained by any suitable method known in the art.

[0153] In a preferred embodiment, the alkoxylated fatty acid ester composition provided in step a) comprises at least 40 wt. % C based on the total weight of the alkoxylated fatty acid ester composition. 4 ~C 22 Alkoxylated fatty acid esters, preferably C 6 ~C 20 Alkoxylated fatty acid esters, more preferably C 8 ~C 18 Alkoxylated fatty acid esters, even more preferably C 8 ~C 16 Alkoxylated fatty acid ester or C 16 ~C 18Alkoxylated fatty acid esters, especially C 10 ~C 16 Alkoxylated fatty acid ester or C 12 ~C 14 -Contains alkoxylated fatty acid esters.

[0154] In a preferred embodiment, the alkoxylated fatty acid ester composition provided in step a) comprises, each based on the total weight of the fatty acid amide composition, 1-20% by weight C 8 Alkoxylated fatty acid esters, 1-8% by weight C 10 Alkoxylated fatty acid esters, 30-48% by weight C 12 Alkoxylated fatty acid esters, 5-15% by weight C 14 Alkoxylated fatty acid esters, 4-13% by weight C 16 Alkoxylated fatty acid esters, 15-42% by weight C 18 Alkoxylated fatty acid esters, and 0-5% by weight C 20 Alkoxylated fatty acid esters The alkoxylated fatty acid ester composition is preferably obtained from oil extracted from macauba kernel.

[0155] In a preferred embodiment, the alkoxylated fatty acid ester composition provided in step a) comprises: 3 to 7% by weight, preferably 4 to 6% by weight of C 8 Alkoxylated fatty acid esters, 2 to 6% by weight, preferably 3 to 5% by weight of C 10 Alkoxylated fatty acid esters, 36 to 46% by weight, preferably 38 to 42% by weight of C 12 Alkoxylated fatty acid esters, 6 to 13% by weight, preferably 8 to 11% by weight of C 14 Alkoxylated fatty acid esters, 5 to 11% by weight, preferably 6 to 9% by weight of C 16 Alkoxylated fatty acid esters, 25 to 40% by weight, preferably 30 to 38% by weight of C 18 Alkoxylated fatty acid esters, and 0 to 4% by weight, preferably 0 to 3% by weight of C 20 Alkoxylated fatty acid esters The alkoxylated fatty acid ester composition is preferably obtained from oil extracted from macauba kernel.

[0156] In a preferred embodiment, the alkoxylated fatty acid ester composition provided in step a) comprises: 0 to 5% by weight, preferably 0 to 3% by weight, particularly 0 to 2% by weight of C 10 Alkoxylated fatty acid esters, 0 to 6% by weight, preferably 0 to 5% by weight, in particular 1 to 4% by weight of C 12 Alkoxylated fatty acid esters, 0 to 6% by weight, preferably 0 to 5% by weight, in particular 1 to 4% by weight of C 14 Alkoxylated fatty acid esters, 10 to 35% by weight, preferably 13 to 32% by weight, in particular 15 to 30% by weight of C 16 Alkoxylated fatty acid esters, 55 to 85% by weight, preferably 60 to 80% by weight, particularly 65 to 75% by weight of C 18 Alkoxylated fatty acid esters, 0 to 4% by weight, preferably 0 to 3% by weight, particularly 0 to 2% by weight of C 20 Alkoxylated fatty acid esters The alkoxylated fatty acid ester composition is preferably derived from oil extracted from macauba pulp.

[0157] In a more preferred embodiment, the alkoxylated fatty acid ester composition comprises: 0.1 to 10% by weight C 6Alkoxylated fatty acid esters, 1-20% by weight C 8 Alkoxylated fatty acid esters, 1-8% by weight C 10 Alkoxylated fatty acid esters, 30-48% by weight C 12 Alkoxylated fatty acid esters, 5-15% by weight C 14 Alkoxylated fatty acid esters, 4-13% by weight C 16 Alkoxylated fatty acid esters, 15-42% by weight C 18 Alkoxylated fatty acid esters, and 0-5% by weight C 20 Alkoxylated fatty acid esters Includes.

[0158] In an even more preferred embodiment, the alkoxylated fatty acid ester composition comprises: 0.2 to 4% by weight, preferably 0.4 to 1.5% by weight of C 6 Alkoxylated fatty acid esters, 3 to 7% by weight, preferably 4 to 6% by weight of C 8 Alkoxylated fatty acid esters, 2 to 6% by weight, preferably 3 to 5% by weight of C 10 Alkoxylated fatty acid esters, 36 to 46% by weight, preferably 38 to 42% by weight of C 12 Alkoxylated fatty acid esters, 6 to 13% by weight, preferably 8 to 11% by weight of C 14 Alkoxylated fatty acid esters, 5 to 11% by weight, preferably 6 to 9% by weight of C 16 Alkoxylated fatty acid esters, 25 to 40% by weight, preferably 30 to 38% by weight of C 18 Alkoxylated fatty acid esters, and 0 to 4% by weight, preferably 0 to 3% by weight of C 20 Alkoxylated fatty acid esters Includes.

[0159] In a preferred embodiment, the alkoxylated fatty acid ester composition provided in step a) has at least 85 wt. % C, based on the total weight of the alkoxylated fatty acid ester composition. 4 ~C 22 Alkoxylated fatty acid esters, preferably C 10 ~C 22 Alkoxylated fatty acid esters, more preferably C 12 ~C 20 Alkoxylated fatty acid esters, even more preferably C 12 ~C 20 Alkoxylated fatty acid esters, especially C 12 ~C 18 Includes alkoxylated fatty acid esters.

[0160] In a preferred embodiment, the alkoxylated fatty acid ester composition provided in step a) comprises at least 10 wt. % of C, each based on the total weight of the alkoxylated fatty acid ester composition. 16 Alkoxylated fatty acid esters and at least 65% by weight of C 18 Includes alkoxylated fatty acid esters.

[0161] In a preferred embodiment, the alkoxylated fatty acid ester composition provided in step a) comprises 10 to 40 wt. % of C, each based on the total weight of the alkoxylated fatty acid ester composition. 16 Alkoxylated fatty acid esters and 60-90% by weight of C 18 Includes alkoxylated fatty acid esters.

[0162] In a preferred embodiment, the alkoxylated fatty acid ester composition provided in step a) has at least 30 wt.-%, preferably at least 35 wt.-%, in particular at least 40 wt.-%, C, based on the total weight of the alkoxylated fatty acid ester composition. 12~14 Includes alkoxylated fatty acid esters.

[0163] In a preferred embodiment, the alkoxylated fatty acid ester composition provided in step a) comprises at least 2 wt. % of C, each based on the total weight of the alkoxylated fatty acid ester composition. 10 Alkoxylated fatty acid esters, at least 25% by weight of C 12 Alkoxylated fatty acid esters, at least 5% by weight of C 14 Alkoxylated fatty acid esters and at least 4% by weight of C 16 Includes alkoxylated fatty acid esters.

[0164] In a preferred embodiment, the alkoxylated fatty acid ester composition provided in step a) comprises 0 to 5 wt. % of C, each based on the total weight of the alkoxylated fatty acid ester composition. 8 Alkoxylated fatty acid esters, 2-6% by weight of C 10 Alkoxylated fatty acid esters, 25-45% by weight of C 12 Alkoxylated fatty acid esters, 5-20% by weight of C 14 Alkoxylated fatty acid esters and 4-15% by weight of C 16 Includes alkoxylated fatty acid esters.

[0165] In a preferred embodiment, step a) comprises ai) blending oil extracted from macaubay palm having an oil yield in tonnes / hectare / year of at least 6 t / ha / yr, preferably at least 7 t / ha / yr, more preferably at least 8 t / ha / yr, with oil extracted from plants having an oil yield in tonnes / hectare / year of less than 6 t / ha / yr, preferably less than 5 t / ha / yr, more preferably less than 4.5 t / ha / yr; In a preferred embodiment, the oil extracted from Macaubay palm having an oil yield in tonnes / ha / year of 6-30 t / ha / yr, more preferably 7-20 t / ha / yr, even more preferably 8-15 t / ha / yr or 8-12 t / ha / yr or 8-11 t / ha / yr is mixed with oil extracted from plants having an oil yield in tonnes / ha / year of less than 0.1-6 t / ha / yr, preferably 0.3-5 t / ha / yr, more preferably 0.5-4.5 t / ha / yr. In a preferred embodiment, the oil extracted from plants having an oil yield in tonnes / ha / year of less than 6 t / ha / yr is derived from coconut oil (CNO), palm oil (PO) and / or palm kernel oil (PKO). In another preferred embodiment, the oil extracted from plants having an oil yield in tonnes / hectare / year of less than 6 t / ha / yr is derived from soybean oil, sunflower oil, olive oil and / or rapeseed oil.

[0166] In yet another preferred embodiment, the oil extracted from plants having an oil yield in tonnes / hectare / year of less than 6 t / ha / yr is derived from coconut oil (CNO), palm oil (PO), palm kernel oil (PKO), soybean oil, sunflower oil, olive oil and / or rapeseed oil.

[0167] In a preferred embodiment, the oil extracted from plants having an oil yield in tonnes / hectare / year of less than 6 t / ha / yr is derived from coconut oil (CNO) and / or palm kernel oil (PKO).

[0168] In a preferred embodiment, the oil extracted from plants having an oil yield in tonnes / hectare / year of less than 6 t / ha / yr is derived from palm oil (PO) and / or palm kernel oil (PKO).

[0169] In a preferred embodiment, step a) comprises ai) blending oil derived from macauba kernels extracted from macauba palms having an oil yield in tonnes / hectare / year of at least 6 t / ha / yr with oil derived from palm kernel oil (PKO) extracted from plants having an oil yield in tonnes / hectare / year of less than 6 t / ha / yr; Further includes:

[0170] In a preferred embodiment, step a) comprises ai) blending oil derived from macauba kernels extracted from macauba palms having an oil yield in tonnes / hectare / year of at least 6 t / ha / yr with oil derived from palm oil (CNO) extracted from plants having an oil yield in tonnes / hectare / year of less than 6 t / ha / yr; Further includes:

[0171] In a preferred embodiment, step a) comprises ai) blending oil derived from macauba kernels extracted from macauba palms having an oil yield in tonnes / hectare / year of at least 6 t / ha / yr with oil derived from palm kernel oil (PKO) and coconut oil (CNO) extracted from plants having an oil yield in tonnes / hectare / year of less than 6 t / ha / yr; Further includes:

[0172] In a preferred embodiment, step a) comprises ai) blending oil derived from macauba pulp extracted from macauba palm having an oil yield in tonnes / hectare / year of at least 6 t / ha / yr with oil derived from palm oil (PO) extracted from plants having an oil yield in tonnes / hectare / year of less than 6 t / ha / yr; Further includes:

[0173] In a preferred embodiment, the alkoxylated fatty acid ester composition obtained in step a) is mixed with an alkoxylated fatty acid ester composition obtained from an oil extracted from a plant having an oil yield in tonnes / hectare / year of less than 6 t / ha / yr (preferably between 0.1 and 6 t / ha / yr, preferably between 0.3 and 5 t / ha / yr, more preferably between 0.5 and 4.5 t / ha / yr) and then converted into the respective alkoxylated fatty acid ester composition. In a preferred embodiment, the oil extracted from a plant having an oil yield in tonnes / hectare / year of less than 6 t / ha / yr is derived from coconut oil (CNO), palm oil (PO) and / or palm kernel oil (PKO). In another preferred embodiment, the oil extracted from a plant having an oil yield in tonnes / hectare / year of less than 6 t / ha / yr is derived from soybean oil, sunflower oil, olive oil and / or rapeseed oil.

[0174] In yet another preferred embodiment, the oil extracted from plants having an oil yield in tonnes / hectare / year of less than 6 t / ha / yr is derived from coconut oil (CNO), palm oil (PO), palm kernel oil (PKO), soybean oil, sunflower oil, olive oil and / or rapeseed oil.

[0175] In a preferred embodiment, the oil extracted from plants having an oil yield in tonnes / hectare / year of less than 6 t / ha / yr is derived from coconut oil (CNO) and / or palm kernel oil (PKO).

[0176] In a preferred embodiment, the oil extracted from plants having an oil yield in tonnes / hectare / year of less than 6 t / ha / yr is derived from palm oil (PO) and / or palm kernel oil (PKO).

[0177] In a preferred embodiment, the alkoxylated fatty acid ester composition obtained in step a) from oil derived from macauba kernel extracted from macauba palm having an oil yield in tonnes / hectare / year of at least 6 t / ha / yr is mixed with an alkoxylated fatty acid ester composition obtained from oil derived from palm kernel oil (PKO) extracted from a plant having an oil yield in tonnes / hectare / year of less than 6 t / ha / yr.

[0178] In a preferred embodiment, the alkoxylated fatty acid ester composition obtained in step a) from oil derived from macauba kernel extracted from macauba palm having an oil yield in tonnes / hectare / year of at least 6 t / ha / yr is mixed with an alkoxylated fatty acid ester composition obtained from oil derived from palm oil (CNO) extracted from a plant having an oil yield in tonnes / hectare / year of less than 6 t / ha / yr.

[0179] In a preferred embodiment, the alkoxylated fatty acid ester composition obtained in step a) from oil derived from macauba kernel extracted from macauba palm having an oil yield in tonnes / hectare / year of at least 6 t / ha / yr is mixed with an alkoxylated fatty acid ester composition obtained from oil derived from palm kernel oil (PKO) and coconut oil (CNO) extracted from plants having an oil yield in tonnes / hectare / year of less than 6 t / ha / yr.

[0180] In a preferred embodiment, the alkoxylated fatty acid ester composition obtained in step a) obtained from oil derived from macauba pulp extracted from macauba palm having an oil yield in tonnes / hectare / year of at least 6 t / ha / yr is mixed with an alkoxylated fatty acid ester composition obtained from oil derived from palm oil (PO) extracted from a plant having an oil yield in tonnes / hectare / year of less than 6 t / ha / yr.

[0181] As mentioned above, the present invention further relates to the fatty acid amide composition obtained by the above process.

[0182] Suitable fatty acid amide alkanolamides (fatty acid alkanolamides) are represented by the general formula (I) R-CO-NR 1 R 2 (I) (Wherein, R is a saturated or unsaturated C 4 ~C 24 Alkyl, preferably C 6 ~C 20 is alkyl, R 1 is H or C 1 ~C 8 Hydroxyalkyl, preferably H or C 1 ~C 4 hydroxyalkyl, R 2 is H or C 1 ~C 8 Hydroxyalkyl, preferably H or C 1 ~C 4 hydroxyalkyl) It can be expressed as:

[0183] In a preferred embodiment, the fatty acid amide alkanolamide (fatty acid alkanolamide) is represented by the general formula (I): R-CO-NR 1 R 2 (I) (Wherein, R is a linear saturated or unsaturated C 4 ~C 24 Alkyl, preferably C 6 ~C 20 is alkyl, R 1 is H and R 2 is H or C 1 ~C 8 Hydroxyalkyl, preferably H or C 1 ~C 4 hydroxyalkyl) In this connection, mention may be made of INCI Cocamide MEA and INCI Lauramide MEA.

[0184] In another preferred embodiment, the fatty acid amide alkanolamide (fatty acid alkanolamide) is represented by the general formula (I): R-CO-NR 1 R 2 (I) (Wherein, R is a saturated or unsaturated C 4 ~C 24 Alkyl, preferably C 6 ~C 20 is alkyl, R 1 is C 1 ~C 8 Hydroxyalkyl, preferably H or C 1 ~C 4 hydroxyalkyl, R 2 is C 1 ~C 8 Hydroxyalkyl, preferably H or C 1 ~C 4 hydroxyalkyl) In this connection, mention may be made of Cocamide COD (INCI Cocamide DEA) and INCI Lauramide DEA.

[0185] In a preferred embodiment, the fatty acid amide alkanolamide (fatty acid alkanolamide) is selected from the group consisting of fatty acid amide monoethanolamide (fatty acid monoethanolamide) and fatty acid amide diethanolamide (fatty acid diethanolamide).

[0186] Suitable fatty acid amidoalkyl betaines are of the general formula (II) [ka] (In the formula, R 9 is saturated or unsaturated C 4 ~C 24 Alkyl, preferably C 6 ~C 20 alkyl, and n is an integer of 1 to 10, preferably 2 to 4. It can be expressed as:

[0187] In a preferred embodiment, the fatty acid amidoalkyl betaine is a fatty acid amidopropyl betaine, in this context, INCI cocamidopropyl betaine, INCI lauramidopropyl betaine and Dehyton PK45 may be mentioned.

[0188] In a preferred embodiment, the fatty acid amide composition is selected from the group consisting of fatty acid amide alkanolamide (fatty acid alkanolamide) compositions and fatty acid amide alkyl betaine compositions.

[0189] In a preferred embodiment, the fatty acid amide composition is a fatty acid amide alkanolamide (fatty acid alkanolamide) composition, preferably selected from the group consisting of fatty acid amide monoalkylamide (fatty acid monoalkylamide) compositions and fatty acid amide dialkylamide (fatty acid dialkylamide) compositions, more preferably selected from the group consisting of fatty acid amide monoethanolamide (fatty acid monoethanolamide) compositions and fatty acid amide diethanolamide (fatty acid amide diethanolamide) compositions.

[0190] In another preferred embodiment, the fatty acid amide composition is a fatty acid amido alkyl betaine, preferably a fatty acid amido propyl betaine composition.

[0191] In a preferred embodiment, the fatty acid amide composition comprises at least 40 wt. % C based on the total weight of the fatty acid amide composition. 4 ~C 22 Fatty acid amides, preferably C 6 ~C 20 Fatty acid amides, more preferably C 8 ~C 18 Fatty acid amides, even more preferably C 8 ~C 16 Fatty acid amide or C 16 ~C 18 Fatty acid amides, especially C 10 ~C 16 Contains fatty acid amides.

[0192] In a preferred embodiment, the fatty acid amide composition comprises: 1-20% by weight C 8 fatty acid amides, 1-8% by weight C 10 fatty acid amides, 30-48% by weight C 12 Fatty acid amides, 5-15% by weight C 14 fatty acid amides, 4-13% by weight C 16 fatty acid amides, 15-42% by weight C 18 Fatty acid amides, and 0-5% by weight C 20 Fatty Acid Amides The fatty acid amide composition is preferably obtained from oil extracted from macauba kernel.

[0193] In a preferred embodiment, the fatty acid amide composition comprises: 3 to 7% by weight, preferably 4 to 6% by weight of C 8 fatty acid amides, 2 to 6% by weight, preferably 3 to 5% by weight of C 10 fatty acid amides, 36 to 46% by weight, preferably 38 to 42% by weight of C 12 fatty acid amides, 6 to 13% by weight, preferably 8 to 11% by weight of C 14 fatty acid amides, 5 to 11% by weight, preferably 6 to 9% by weight of C 16 fatty acid amides, 25 to 40% by weight, preferably 30 to 38% by weight of C 18 Fatty acid amides, and 0 to 4% by weight, preferably 0 to 3% by weight of C 20 Fatty Acid Amides The fatty acid amide composition is preferably obtained from oil extracted from macauba kernel.

[0194] In a preferred embodiment, the fatty acid amide composition comprises: 0 to 5% by weight, preferably 0 to 3% by weight, particularly 0 to 2% by weight of C 10 fatty acid amides, 0 to 6% by weight, preferably 0 to 5% by weight, in particular 1 to 4% by weight of C 12 fatty acid amides, 0 to 6% by weight, preferably 0 to 5% by weight, in particular 1 to 4% by weight of C 14 fatty acid amides, 10 to 35% by weight, preferably 13 to 32% by weight, in particular 15 to 30% by weight of C 16 fatty acid amides, 55 to 85% by weight, preferably 60 to 80% by weight, particularly 65 to 75% by weight of C 18 fatty acid amides, 0 to 4% by weight, preferably 0 to 3% by weight, particularly 0 to 2% by weight of C 20 Fatty Acid Amides The fatty acid amide composition is preferably obtained from oil extracted from macauba pulp.

[0195] In a more preferred embodiment, the fatty acid amide composition comprises: 0.1 to 10% by weight C 6 fatty acid amides, 1-20% by weight C 8 fatty acid amides, 1-8% by weight C 10 fatty acid amides, 30-48% by weight C 12 fatty acid amides, 5-15% by weight C 14 fatty acid amides, 4-13% by weight C 16 fatty acid amides, 15-42% by weight C 18 Fatty acid amides, and 0-5% by weight C 20 Fatty Acid Amides Includes.

[0196] In an even more preferred embodiment, the fatty acid amide composition comprises: 0.2 to 4% by weight, preferably 0.4 to 1.5% by weight of C 6 fatty acid amides, 3 to 7% by weight, preferably 4 to 6% by weight of C 8 fatty acid amides, 2 to 6% by weight, preferably 3 to 5% by weight of C 10 fatty acid amides, 36 to 46% by weight, preferably 38 to 42% by weight of C 12 fatty acid amides, 6 to 13% by weight, preferably 8 to 11% by weight of C 14 fatty acid amides, 5 to 11% by weight, preferably 6 to 9% by weight of C 16 fatty acid amides, 25 to 40% by weight, preferably 30 to 38% by weight of C 18 Fatty acid amides, and 0 to 4% by weight, preferably 0 to 3% by weight of C 20 Fatty Acid Amides Includes.

[0197] In a preferred embodiment, the fatty acid amide composition comprises at least 85 wt. % C based on the total weight of the fatty acid amide composition. 4 ~C 22 Fatty acid amides, preferably C 10 ~C 22 Fatty acid amides, more preferably C 12 ~C 20 Fatty acid amides, even more preferably C 12 ~C 20 Fatty acid amides, especially C 12 ~C 18 Contains fatty acid amides.

[0198] In a preferred embodiment, the fatty acid amide composition comprises at least 10 wt. % C, each based on the total weight of the fatty acid amide composition. 16 Fatty acid amide and at least 75% by weight of C 18 Contains fatty acid amides.

[0199] In a preferred embodiment, the fatty acid amide composition comprises 10 to 40 wt. % of C, each based on the total weight of the fatty acid amide composition. 16 Fatty acid amide and 60-90% by weight of C 18 Contains fatty acid amides.

[0200] In a preferred embodiment, the fatty acid amide composition comprises at least 30 wt. %, preferably at least 35 wt. %, in particular at least 40 wt. %, of C based on the total weight of the fatty acid amide composition. 12~14 Contains fatty acid amides.

[0201] In a preferred embodiment, the fatty acid amide composition comprises at least 2 wt. % C, each based on the total weight of the fatty acid amide composition. 10 Fatty acid amides, at least 25% by weight of C 12 Fatty acid amides, at least 5% by weight of C 14 Fatty acid amide and at least 4% by weight of C 16 Contains fatty acid amides.

[0202] In a preferred embodiment, the fatty acid amide composition comprises 0 to 5 wt.% of C, each based on the total weight of the fatty acid amide composition. 8 Fatty acid amide, 2-6 wt% C 10 Fatty acid amide, 25-45% by weight C 12 Fatty acid amide, 5-20% by weight C 14 Fatty acid amide and 4-15% by weight of C 16 Contains fatty acid amides.

[0203] In a preferred embodiment, the fatty acid amide composition comprises 0.2 to 4 wt.% of C, each based on the total weight of the fatty acid amide composition. 6 Fatty acid amide, 3-7 wt% C 8 Fatty acid amide, 2-6 wt% C 10 Fatty acid amide, 35-45% by weight C 12 Fatty acid amides, 5-13% by weight C 14 Fatty acid amide and 4-10% by weight of C 16 Contains fatty acid amides.

[0204] In a preferred embodiment, the fatty acid amide composition comprises at least 90% by weight of C based on the total weight of the fatty acid amide composition. 6 Contains fatty acid amides.

[0205] In a preferred embodiment, the fatty acid amide composition comprises at least 95 wt. % C based on the total weight of the fatty acid amide composition. 12~14 C, which contains a fatty acid amide and is 36 to 46% by weight, preferably 38 to 42% by weight, based on the total weight of the fatty acid amide composition. 12 Fatty acid amide and 6 to 13 wt.%, preferably 8 to 11 wt.% of C 14 Further included are fatty acid amides.

[0206] As mentioned above, the present invention further relates to an alkoxylated fatty acid ester composition obtained by the above process.

[0207] Suitable alkoxylated fatty acid esters are represented by the general formula (III): [ka] (Wherein, R is a saturated or unsaturated C 4 ~C 24 Alkyl, preferably C 6 ~C 20 alkyl, and n is an average number from 1 to 12, preferably from 3 to 10. In this context, it is understood that the asterisk in formula (III) denotes a stereocenter. In this context, PEG-7 glyceryl cocoate can be mentioned.

[0208] Suitable alkoxylated fatty acid esters are represented by the general formula (IV): R-CO-(OCH 2 ) m -R 3 (IV) (Wherein, R is a saturated or unsaturated C 4 ~C 24 Alkyl, preferably C 6 ~C 20 Alkyl or saturated or unsaturated C4 ~C 24 Alkoxyl, preferably C 6 ~C 20 alkoxyl, m is an average number from 1 to 12, preferably from 3 to 10, R 3 is C 1 ~C 5 Alkyl or C 1 ~C 5 hydroxyalkyl) It can also be expressed by:

[0209] In a preferred embodiment, the alkoxylated fatty acid ester composition comprises at least 40 wt. % C based on the total weight of the alkoxylated fatty acid ester composition. 4 ~C 22 Alkoxylated fatty acid esters, preferably C 6 ~C 20 Alkoxylated fatty acid esters, more preferably C 8 ~C 18 Alkoxylated fatty acid esters, even more preferably C 8 ~C 16 Alkoxylated fatty acid ester or C 16 ~C 18 Alkoxylated fatty acid esters, especially C 10 ~C 16 Alkoxylated fatty acid ester or C 12 ~C 14 -Contains alkoxylated fatty acid esters.

[0210] In a preferred embodiment, the alkoxylated fatty acid ester composition comprises: 1-20% by weight C 8 Alkoxylated fatty acid esters, 1-8% by weight C 10 Alkoxylated fatty acid esters, 30-48% by weight C 12 Alkoxylated fatty acid esters, 5-15% by weight C 14 Alkoxylated fatty acid esters, 4-13% by weight C 16Alkoxylated fatty acid esters, 15-42% by weight C 18 Alkoxylated fatty acid esters, and 0-5% by weight C 20 Alkoxylated fatty acid esters The alkoxylated fatty acid ester composition is preferably obtained from oil extracted from macauba kernel.

[0211] In a preferred embodiment, the alkoxylated fatty acid ester composition comprises: 3 to 7% by weight, preferably 4 to 6% by weight of C 8 Alkoxylated fatty acid esters, 2 to 6% by weight, preferably 3 to 5% by weight of C 10 Alkoxylated fatty acid esters, 36 to 46% by weight, preferably 38 to 42% by weight of C 12 Alkoxylated fatty acid esters, 6 to 13% by weight, preferably 8 to 11% by weight of C 14 Alkoxylated fatty acid esters, 5 to 11% by weight, preferably 6 to 9% by weight of C 16 Alkoxylated fatty acid esters, 25 to 40% by weight, preferably 30 to 38% by weight of C 18 Alkoxylated fatty acid esters, and 0 to 4% by weight, preferably 0 to 3% by weight of C 20 Alkoxylated fatty acid esters The alkoxylated fatty acid ester composition is preferably obtained from oil extracted from macauba kernel.

[0212] In a preferred embodiment, the alkoxylated fatty acid ester composition comprises: 0 to 5% by weight, preferably 0 to 3% by weight, particularly 0 to 2% by weight of C 10 Alkoxylated fatty acid esters, 0 to 6% by weight, preferably 0 to 5% by weight, in particular 1 to 4% by weight of C12 Alkoxylated fatty acid esters, 0 to 6% by weight, preferably 0 to 5% by weight, in particular 1 to 4% by weight of C 14 Alkoxylated fatty acid esters, 10 to 35% by weight, preferably 13 to 32% by weight, in particular 15 to 30% by weight of C 16 Alkoxylated fatty acid esters, 55 to 85% by weight, preferably 60 to 80% by weight, particularly 65 to 75% by weight of C 18 Alkoxylated fatty acid esters, 0 to 4% by weight, preferably 0 to 3% by weight, particularly 0 to 2% by weight of C 20 Alkoxylated fatty acid esters The alkoxylated fatty acid ester composition is preferably derived from oil extracted from macauba pulp.

[0213] In a more preferred embodiment, the alkoxylated fatty acid ester composition comprises: 0.1 to 10% by weight C 6 Alkoxylated fatty acid esters, 1-20% by weight C 8 Alkoxylated fatty acid esters, 1-8% by weight C 10 Alkoxylated fatty acid esters, 30-48% by weight C 12 Alkoxylated fatty acid esters, 5-15% by weight C 14 Alkoxylated fatty acid esters, 4-13% by weight C 16 Alkoxylated fatty acid esters, 15-42% by weight C 18 Alkoxylated fatty acid esters, and 0-5% by weight C 20 Alkoxylated fatty acid esters Includes.

[0214] In an even more preferred embodiment, the alkoxylated fatty acid ester composition comprises: 0.2 to 4% by weight, preferably 0.4 to 1.5% by weight of C 6 Alkoxylated fatty acid esters, 3 to 7% by weight, preferably 4 to 6% by weight of C 8 Alkoxylated fatty acid esters, 2 to 6% by weight, preferably 3 to 5% by weight of C 10 Alkoxylated fatty acid esters, 36 to 46% by weight, preferably 38 to 42% by weight of C 12 Alkoxylated fatty acid esters, 6 to 13% by weight, preferably 8 to 11% by weight of C 14 Alkoxylated fatty acid esters, 5 to 11% by weight, preferably 6 to 9% by weight of C 16 Alkoxylated fatty acid esters, 25 to 40% by weight, preferably 30 to 38% by weight of C 18 Alkoxylated fatty acid esters, and 0 to 4% by weight, preferably 0 to 3% by weight of C 20 Alkoxylated fatty acid esters Includes.

[0215] In a preferred embodiment, the alkoxylated fatty acid ester composition comprises at least 85 wt. % C based on the total weight of the alkoxylated fatty acid ester composition. 4 ~C 22 Alkoxylated fatty acid esters, preferably C 10 ~C 22 Alkoxylated fatty acid esters, more preferably C 12 ~C 20 Alkoxylated fatty acid esters, even more preferably C 12 ~C 20 Alkoxylated fatty acid esters, especially C 12 ~C 18 Includes alkoxylated fatty acid esters.

[0216] In a preferred embodiment, the alkoxylated fatty acid ester composition comprises at least 10 wt. % C, each based on the total weight of the alkoxylated fatty acid ester composition. 16 Alkoxylated fatty acid esters and at least 65% by weight of C 18 Includes alkoxylated fatty acid esters.

[0217] In a preferred embodiment, the alkoxylated fatty acid ester composition comprises 10 to 40 wt. % of C, each based on the total weight of the alkoxylated fatty acid ester composition. 16 Alkoxylated fatty acid esters and 60-90% by weight of C 18 Includes alkoxylated fatty acid esters.

[0218] In a preferred embodiment, the alkoxylated fatty acid ester composition comprises at least 30 wt. %, preferably at least 35 wt. %, in particular at least 40 wt. %, of C based on the total weight of the alkoxylated fatty acid ester composition. 12~14 Includes alkoxylated fatty acid esters.

[0219] In a preferred embodiment, the alkoxylated fatty acid ester composition comprises at least 2 wt. % C, each based on the total weight of the alkoxylated fatty acid ester composition. 10 Alkoxylated fatty acid esters, at least 25% by weight of C 12 Alkoxylated fatty acid esters, at least 5% by weight of C 14 Alkoxylated fatty acid esters and at least 4% by weight of C 16 Includes alkoxylated fatty acid esters.

[0220] In a preferred embodiment, the alkoxylated fatty acid ester composition comprises 0 to 5 wt. % of C, each based on the total weight of the alkoxylated fatty acid ester composition. 8 Alkoxylated fatty acid esters, 2-6% by weight of C 10 Alkoxylated fatty acid esters, 25-45% by weight of C 12 Alkoxylated fatty acid esters, 5-20% by weight of C 14Alkoxylated fatty acid esters and 4-15% by weight of C 16 Includes alkoxylated fatty acid esters.

[0221] In a preferred embodiment, the alkoxylated fatty acid ester composition comprises 0.2 to 4 wt. % of C, each based on the total weight of the alkoxylated fatty acid ester composition. 6 Alkoxylated fatty acid esters, 3-7% by weight of C 8 Alkoxylated fatty acid esters, 2-6% by weight of C 10 Alkoxylated fatty acid esters, 35-45% by weight C 12 Alkoxylated fatty acid esters, 5-13% by weight of C 14 Alkoxylated fatty acid esters and 4-10% by weight of C 16 Includes alkoxylated fatty acid esters.

[0222] In a preferred embodiment, the alkoxylated fatty acid ester composition comprises at least 90 wt. % C based on the total weight of the alkoxylated fatty acid ester composition. 6 Includes alkoxylated fatty acid esters.

[0223] In a preferred embodiment, the alkoxylated fatty acid ester composition comprises at least 95 wt. % C based on the total weight of the alkoxylated fatty acid ester composition. 12~14 C, which contains an alkoxylated fatty acid ester and has a C content of 36 to 46 wt. %, preferably 38 to 42 wt. %, based on the total weight of the alkoxylated fatty acid ester composition. 12 Alkoxylated fatty acid esters and 6 to 13 wt. %, preferably 8 to 11 wt. % of C 14 Further included are alkoxylated fatty acid esters.

[0224] As mentioned above, the present invention further relates to a fatty acid amide composition or an alkoxylated fatty acid ester composition obtained from the fruit of macaubay palm having an oil yield in tonnes / hectare / year of at least 6 t / ha / yr, wherein the oil obtained from macaubay palm is converted to the fatty acid amide or alkoxylated fatty acid ester.

[0225] Preferred embodiments (e.g., relating to fatty acid amide compositions or alkoxylated fatty acid ester compositions and macaubayashi) have already been outlined above in the process for producing the fatty acid amide compositions or alkoxylated fatty acid ester compositions and in further details relating to the fatty acid amide compositions or alkoxylated fatty acid ester compositions, and shall apply analogously to the fatty acid amide compositions or alkoxylated fatty acid ester compositions. Particular preferred embodiments are mentioned below.

[0226] In a preferred embodiment, the macauba palm is Acrocomia hassleri, Acrocomia totei and / or Acrocomia aculeata, in particular Acrocomia aculeata, and / or the oil is obtained by extraction of the fruits, preferably the oil is extracted from palm pulp and / or palm kernel, more preferably the oil is extracted from macauba kernel. Even more preferably, the macaubay palm is Acrocomia hassleri, Acrocomia totei and / or Acrocomia aculeata and the oil is more preferably extracted from Acrocomia hassleri kernel, Acrocomia totei kernel and / or Acrocomia aculeata kernel. In particular, the macaubay palm is Acrocomia aculeata and the oil is extracted from Acrocomia aculeata kernel.

[0227] In a preferred embodiment, a fatty acid amide composition is obtained, preferably the fatty acid amide composition is selected from the group consisting of a fatty acid amide alkanolamide (fatty acid alkanolamide) composition and a fatty acid amide alkyl betaine composition, and in step a) the oil is converted to a fatty acid amide alkanolamide (fatty acid alkanolamide) or a fatty acid amide alkyl betaine.

[0228] Suitable fatty acid amide alkanolamides (fatty acid alkanolamides) are represented by the general formula (I) R-CO-NR 1 R 2 (I) (Wherein, R is a saturated or unsaturated C 4 ~C 24 Alkyl, preferably C 6 ~C 20 is alkyl, R 1 is H or C 1 ~C 8 Hydroxyalkyl, preferably H or C 1 ~C 4 hydroxyalkyl, R 2 is H or C 1 ~C 8 Hydroxyalkyl, preferably H or C 1 ~C 4 hydroxyalkyl) It can be expressed as:

[0229] In a preferred embodiment, the fatty acid amide alkanolamide (fatty acid alkanolamide) is represented by the general formula (I): R-CO-NR 1 R 2 (I) (Wherein, R is a saturated or unsaturated C 4 ~C 24 Alkyl, preferably C 6 ~C 20 is alkyl, R 1 is H and R 2 is H or C 1 ~C 8 Hydroxyalkyl, preferably H or C 1 ~C 4hydroxyalkyl) In this context, INCI Cocamide MEA and INCI Lauramide MEA may be mentioned.

[0230] In another preferred embodiment, the fatty acid amide alkanolamide (fatty acid alkanolamide) is represented by the general formula (I): R-CO-NR 1 R 2 (I) (Wherein, R is a saturated or unsaturated C 4 ~C 24 Alkyl, preferably C 6 ~C 20 is alkyl, R 1 is C 1 ~C 8 Hydroxyalkyl, preferably H or C 1 ~C 4 hydroxyalkyl, R 2 is C 1 ~C 8 Hydroxyalkyl, preferably H or C 1 ~C 4 hydroxyalkyl) In this context, mention may be made of Cocamide COD (INCI Cocamide DEA) and INCI Lauramide DEA.

[0231] In a preferred embodiment, the fatty acid amide alkanolamide (fatty acid alkanolamide) is selected from the group consisting of fatty acid amide monoethanolamide (fatty acid monoethanolamide) and fatty acid amide diethanolamide (fatty acid diethanolamide).

[0232] Suitable fatty acid amidoalkyl betaines are of the general formula (II) [ka] (In the formula, R 9 is saturated or unsaturated C 4 ~C 24 Alkyl, preferably C 6 ~C 20alkyl, and n is an integer of 1 to 10, preferably 2 to 4. It can be expressed as:

[0233] In a preferred embodiment, the fatty acid amidoalkyl betaine is a fatty acid amidopropyl betaine, in this context, INCI cocamidopropyl betaine, INCI lauramidopropyl betaine and Dehyton PK45 may be mentioned.

[0234] In a preferred embodiment, the fatty acid amide composition comprises at least 40 wt. % C based on the total weight of the fatty acid amide composition. 4 ~C 22 Fatty acid amides, preferably C 6 ~C 20 Fatty acid amides, more preferably C 8 ~C 18 Fatty acid amides, even more preferably C 8 ~C 16 Fatty acid amide or C 16 ~C 18 Fatty acid amides, especially C 10 ~C 16 Contains fatty acid amides.

[0235] In a preferred embodiment, the fatty acid amide composition comprises: 1-20% by weight C 8 fatty acid amides, 1-8% by weight C 10 fatty acid amides, 30-48% by weight C 12 fatty acid amides, 5-15% by weight C 14 fatty acid amides, 4-13% by weight C 16 fatty acid amides, 15-42% by weight C 18 Fatty acid amides, and 0-5% by weight C 20 Fatty Acid Amides The fatty acid amide composition is preferably obtained from oil extracted from macauba kernel.

[0236] In a preferred embodiment, the fatty acid amide composition comprises: 3 to 7% by weight, preferably 4 to 6% by weight of C 8 fatty acid amides, 2 to 6% by weight, preferably 3 to 5% by weight of C 10 fatty acid amides, 36 to 46% by weight, preferably 38 to 42% by weight of C 12 fatty acid amides, 6 to 13% by weight, preferably 8 to 11% by weight of C 14 fatty acid amides, 5 to 11% by weight, preferably 6 to 9% by weight of C 16 fatty acid amides, 25 to 40% by weight, preferably 30 to 38% by weight of C 18 Fatty acid amides, and 0 to 4% by weight, preferably 0 to 3% by weight of C 20 Fatty Acid Amides The fatty acid amide composition is preferably obtained from oil extracted from macauba kernel.

[0237] In a preferred embodiment, the fatty acid amide composition comprises: 0 to 5% by weight, preferably 0 to 3% by weight, particularly 0 to 2% by weight of C 10 fatty acid amides, 0 to 6% by weight, preferably 0 to 5% by weight, in particular 1 to 4% by weight of C 12 fatty acid amides, 0 to 6% by weight, preferably 0 to 5% by weight, in particular 1 to 4% by weight of C 14 fatty acid amides, 10 to 35% by weight, preferably 13 to 2% by weight, in particular 15 to 30% by weight of C 16 fatty acid amides, 55 to 85% by weight, preferably 60 to 80% by weight, particularly 65 to 75% by weight of C 18 fatty acid amides, 0 to 4% by weight, preferably 0 to 3% by weight, particularly 0 to 2% by weight of C 20 Fatty Acid Amides The fatty acid amide composition is preferably obtained from oil extracted from macauba pulp.

[0238] In a more preferred embodiment, the fatty acid amide composition comprises: 0.1 to 10% by weight C 6 fatty acid amides, 1-20% by weight C 8 fatty acid amides, 1-8% by weight C 10 fatty acid amides, 30-48% by weight C 12 fatty acid amides, 5-15% by weight C 14 fatty acid amides, 4-13% by weight C 16 fatty acid amides, 15-42% by weight C 18 Fatty acid amides, and 0-5% by weight C 20 Fatty Acid Amides Includes.

[0239] In an even more preferred embodiment, the fatty acid amide composition comprises: 0.2 to 4% by weight, preferably 0.4 to 1.5% by weight of C 6 fatty acid amides, 3 to 7% by weight, preferably 4 to 6% by weight of C 8 fatty acid amides, 2 to 6% by weight, preferably 3 to 5% by weight of C 10 fatty acid amides, 36 to 46% by weight, preferably 38 to 42% by weight of C 12 fatty acid amides, 6 to 13% by weight, preferably 8 to 11% by weight of C 14 fatty acid amides, 5 to 11% by weight, preferably 6 to 9% by weight of C 16 fatty acid amides, 25 to 40% by weight, preferably 30 to 38% by weight of C 18 Fatty acid amides, and 0 to 4% by weight, preferably 0 to 3% by weight of C20 Fatty Acid Amides Includes.

[0240] In a preferred embodiment, the fatty acid amide composition comprises at least 85 wt. % C based on the total weight of the fatty acid amide composition. 4 ~C 22 Fatty acid amides, preferably C 10 ~C 22 Fatty acid amides, more preferably C 12 ~C 20 Fatty acid amides, even more preferably C 12 ~C 20 Fatty acid amides, especially C 12 ~C 18 Contains fatty acid amides.

[0241] In a preferred embodiment, the fatty acid amide composition comprises at least 10 wt. % C, each based on the total weight of the fatty acid amide composition. 16 Fatty acid amide and at least 65% by weight of C 18 Contains fatty acid amides.

[0242] In a preferred embodiment, the fatty acid amide composition comprises 10 to 40 wt. % of C, each based on the total weight of the fatty acid amide composition. 16 Fatty acid amide and 60-90% by weight of C 18 Contains fatty acid amides.

[0243] In a preferred embodiment, the fatty acid amide composition comprises at least 30 wt. %, preferably at least 35 wt. %, in particular at least 40 wt. %, of C based on the total weight of the fatty acid amide composition. 12~14 Contains fatty acid amides.

[0244] In a preferred embodiment, the fatty acid amide composition comprises at least 2 wt. % C, each based on the total weight of the fatty acid amide composition. 10 Fatty acid amides, at least 25% by weight of C 12 Fatty acid amides, at least 5% by weight of C 14 Fatty acid amide and at least 4% by weight of C 16 Contains fatty acid amides.

[0245] In a preferred embodiment, the fatty acid amide composition comprises 0 to 5 wt.% of C, each based on the total weight of the fatty acid amide composition. 8 Fatty acid amide, 2-6 wt% C 10 Fatty acid amide, 25-45% by weight C 12 Fatty acid amide, 5-20% by weight C 14 Fatty acid amide and 4-15% by weight of C 16 Contains fatty acid amides.

[0246] In a preferred embodiment, the fatty acid amide composition comprises 0.2 to 4 wt.% of C, each based on the total weight of the fatty acid amide composition. 6 Fatty acid amide, 3-7 wt% C 8 Fatty acid amide, 2-6 wt% C 10 Fatty acid amides, 35-45% by weight 12 Fatty acid amides, 5-13% by weight C 14 Fatty acid amide and 4-10% by weight of C 16 Contains fatty acid amides.

[0247] In a preferred embodiment, the fatty acid amide composition comprises at least 90% by weight of C based on the total weight of the fatty acid amide composition. 6 Contains fatty acid amides.

[0248] In a preferred embodiment, the fatty acid amide composition comprises at least 95 wt. % C based on the total weight of the fatty acid amide composition. 12~14 C, which contains a fatty acid amide and is 36 to 46% by weight, preferably 38 to 42% by weight, based on the total weight of the fatty acid amide composition. 12 Fatty acid amide and 6 to 13 wt.%, preferably 8 to 11 wt.% of C 14 Further included are fatty acid amides.

[0249] In another preferred embodiment, an alkoxylated fatty acid ester composition is provided.

[0250] Suitable alkoxylated fatty acid esters are represented by the general formula (III): [ka] (Wherein, R is a saturated or unsaturated C 4 ~C 24 Alkyl, preferably C 6 ~C 20 alkyl, and n is an average number from 1 to 12, preferably from 3 to 10. In this context, it is understood that the asterisk in formula (III) denotes a stereocenter. In this context, PEG-7 glyceryl cocoate can be mentioned.

[0251] Suitable alkoxylated fatty acid esters are represented by the general formula (IV): R-CO-(OCH 2 ) m -R 3 (IV) (Wherein, R is a saturated or unsaturated C 4 ~C 24 Alkyl, preferably C 6 ~C 20 Alkyl or saturated or unsaturated C 4 ~C 24 Alkoxyl, preferably C 6 ~C 20 alkoxyl, m is an average number from 1 to 12, preferably from 3 to 10, R 3 is C 1 ~C 5 Alkyl or C 1 ~C 5 hydroxyalkyl) It can also be expressed by:

[0252] In a preferred embodiment, the alkoxylated fatty acid ester composition comprises at least 40 wt. % C based on the total weight of the alkoxylated fatty acid ester composition. 4 ~C 22 Alkoxylated fatty acid esters, preferably C 6 ~C 20 Alkoxylated fatty acid esters, more preferably C 8 ~C 18 Alkoxylated fatty acid esters, even more preferably C 8 ~C16 Alkoxylated fatty acid ester or C 16 ~C 18 Alkoxylated fatty acid esters, especially C 10 ~C 16 Includes alkoxylated fatty acid esters.

[0253] In a preferred embodiment, the alkoxylated fatty acid ester composition comprises: 1-20% by weight C 8 Alkoxylated fatty acid esters, 1-8% by weight C 10 Alkoxylated fatty acid esters, 30-48% by weight C 12 Alkoxylated fatty acid esters, 5-15% by weight C 14 Alkoxylated fatty acid esters, 4-13% by weight C 16 Alkoxylated fatty acid esters, 15-42% by weight C 18 Alkoxylated fatty acid esters, and 0-5% by weight C 20 Alkoxylated fatty acid esters The alkoxylated fatty acid ester composition is preferably obtained from oil extracted from macauba kernel.

[0254] In a preferred embodiment, the alkoxylated fatty acid ester composition comprises: 3 to 7% by weight, preferably 4 to 6% by weight of C 8 Alkoxylated fatty acid esters, 2 to 6% by weight, preferably 3 to 5% by weight of C 10 Alkoxylated fatty acid esters, 36 to 46% by weight, preferably 38 to 42% by weight of C 12 Alkoxylated fatty acid esters, 6 to 13% by weight, preferably 8 to 11% by weight of C 14 Alkoxylated fatty acid esters, 5 to 11% by weight, preferably 6 to 9% by weight of C 16 Alkoxylated fatty acid esters, 25 to 40% by weight, preferably 30 to 38% by weight of C 18 Alkoxylated fatty acid esters, and 0 to 4% by weight, preferably 0 to 3% by weight of C 20 Alkoxylated fatty acid esters The alkoxylated fatty acid ester composition is preferably obtained from oil extracted from macauba kernel.

[0255] In a preferred embodiment, the alkoxylated fatty acid ester composition comprises: 0 to 5% by weight, preferably 0 to 3% by weight, particularly 0 to 2% by weight of C 10 Alkoxylated fatty acid esters, 0 to 6% by weight, preferably 0 to 5% by weight, in particular 1 to 4% by weight of C 12 Alkoxylated fatty acid esters, 0 to 6% by weight, preferably 0 to 5% by weight, in particular 1 to 4% by weight of C 14 Alkoxylated fatty acid esters, 10 to 35% by weight, preferably 13 to 32% by weight, in particular 15 to 30% by weight of C 16 Alkoxylated fatty acid esters, 55 to 85% by weight, preferably 60 to 80% by weight, particularly 65 to 75% by weight of C 18 Alkoxylated fatty acid esters, 0 to 4% by weight, preferably 0 to 3% by weight, particularly 0 to 2% by weight of C 20 Alkoxylated fatty acid esters The alkoxylated fatty acid ester composition is preferably derived from oil extracted from macauba pulp.

[0256] In a more preferred embodiment, the alkoxylated fatty acid ester composition comprises: 0.1 to 10% by weight C 6 Alkoxylated fatty acid esters, 1-20% by weight C 8 Alkoxylated fatty acid esters, 1-8% by weight C 10 Alkoxylated fatty acid esters, 30-48% by weight C 12 Alkoxylated fatty acid esters, 5-15% by weight C 14 Alkoxylated fatty acid esters, 4-13% by weight C 16 Alkoxylated fatty acid esters, 15-42% by weight C 18 Alkoxylated fatty acid esters, and 0-5% by weight C 20 Alkoxylated fatty acid esters Includes.

[0257] In an even more preferred embodiment, the alkoxylated fatty acid ester composition comprises: 0.2 to 4% by weight, preferably 0.4 to 1.5% by weight of C 6 Alkoxylated fatty acid esters, 3 to 7% by weight, preferably 4 to 6% by weight of C 8 Alkoxylated fatty acid esters, 2 to 6% by weight, preferably 3 to 5% by weight of C 10 Alkoxylated fatty acid esters, 36 to 46% by weight, preferably 38 to 42% by weight of C 12 Alkoxylated fatty acid esters, 6 to 13% by weight, preferably 8 to 11% by weight of C 14 Alkoxylated fatty acid esters, 5 to 11% by weight, preferably 6 to 9% by weight of C 16 Alkoxylated fatty acid esters, 25 to 40% by weight, preferably 30 to 38% by weight of C 18 Alkoxylated fatty acid esters, and 0 to 4% by weight, preferably 0 to 3% by weight of C 20 Alkoxylated fatty acid esters Includes.

[0258] In a preferred embodiment, the alkoxylated fatty acid ester composition comprises at least 85 wt. % C based on the total weight of the alkoxylated fatty acid ester composition. 4 ~C 22 Alkoxylated fatty acid esters, preferably C 10 ~C 22 Alkoxylated fatty acid esters, more preferably C 12 ~C 20 Alkoxylated fatty acid esters, even more preferably C 12 ~C 20 Alkoxylated fatty acid esters, especially C 12 ~C 18 Includes alkoxylated fatty acid esters.

[0259] In a preferred embodiment, the alkoxylated fatty acid ester composition comprises at least 10 wt. % C, each based on the total weight of the alkoxylated fatty acid ester composition. 16 Alkoxylated fatty acid esters and at least 65% by weight of C 18 Includes alkoxylated fatty acid esters.

[0260] In a preferred embodiment, the alkoxylated fatty acid ester composition comprises 10 to 40 wt. % of C, each based on the total weight of the alkoxylated fatty acid ester composition. 16 Alkoxylated fatty acid esters and 60-90% by weight of C 18 Includes alkoxylated fatty acid esters.

[0261] In a preferred embodiment, the alkoxylated fatty acid ester composition comprises at least 30 wt. %, preferably at least 35 wt. %, in particular at least 40 wt. %, of C based on the total weight of the alkoxylated fatty acid ester composition. 12~14 Includes alkoxylated fatty acid esters.

[0262] In a preferred embodiment, the alkoxylated fatty acid ester composition comprises at least 2 wt. % C, each based on the total weight of the alkoxylated fatty acid ester composition.10 Alkoxylated fatty acid esters, at least 25% by weight of C 12 Alkoxylated fatty acid esters, at least 5% by weight of C 14 Alkoxylated fatty acid esters and at least 4% by weight of C 16 Includes alkoxylated fatty acid esters.

[0263] In a preferred embodiment, the alkoxylated fatty acid ester composition comprises 0 to 5 wt. % of C, each based on the total weight of the alkoxylated fatty acid ester composition. 8 Alkoxylated fatty acid esters, 2-6% by weight of C 10 Alkoxylated fatty acid esters, 25-45% by weight of C 12 Alkoxylated fatty acid esters, 5-20% by weight of C 14 Alkoxylated fatty acid esters and 4-15% by weight of C 16 Includes alkoxylated fatty acid esters.

[0264] In a preferred embodiment, the alkoxylated fatty acid ester composition comprises 0.2 to 4 wt. % of C, each based on the total weight of the alkoxylated fatty acid ester composition. 6 Alkoxylated fatty acid esters, 3-7% by weight of C 8 Alkoxylated fatty acid esters, 2-6% by weight of C 10 Alkoxylated fatty acid esters, 35-45% by weight C 12 Alkoxylated fatty acid esters, 5-13% by weight of C 14 Alkoxylated fatty acid esters and 4-10% by weight of C 16 Includes alkoxylated fatty acid esters.

[0265] In a preferred embodiment, the alkoxylated fatty acid ester composition comprises at least 90 wt. % C based on the total weight of the alkoxylated fatty acid ester composition. 6 Includes alkoxylated fatty acid esters.

[0266] In a preferred embodiment, the alkoxylated fatty acid ester composition comprises at least 95 wt. % C based on the total weight of the alkoxylated fatty acid ester composition. 12~14 C, which contains an alkoxylated fatty acid ester and has a C content of 36 to 46 wt. %, preferably 38 to 42 wt. %, based on the total weight of the alkoxylated fatty acid ester composition. 12 Alkoxylated fatty acid esters and 6 to 13 wt. %, preferably 8 to 11 wt. % of C 14 Further included are alkoxylated fatty acid esters.

[0267] As mentioned above, the present invention further relates to the use of oil extracted from the fruits of Macaubay palm having an oil yield in tonnes / hectare / year of at least 6 t / ha / yr for the production of fatty acid amides or alkoxylated fatty acid esters.

[0268] Preferred embodiments (e.g. relating to the fatty acid amide composition or the alkoxylated fatty acid ester composition and to macaubayashi) have already been outlined above in the process for producing the fatty acid amide composition or the alkoxylated fatty acid ester composition and shall apply analogously to the use.

[0269] As mentioned above, the present invention further relates to the use of said fatty acid amide composition or said alkoxylated fatty acid ester composition in personal care compositions, cleaning compositions, nutritional formulations, pharmaceutical formulations or crop formulations. Preferably, said fatty acid amide composition or said alkoxylated fatty acid ester composition is used as a surfactant.

[0270] In a preferred embodiment, the above surfactants are used in personal care compositions, preferably selected from the group consisting of face care compositions, hair care compositions, body care compositions, oral care compositions or antiperspirants and deodorants.

[0271] Suitable cosmetic preparations which contain active ingredients are, for example, hormone preparations, vitamin preparations, vegetable extract preparations and antibacterial preparations.

[0272] In accordance with the present invention, the personal care compositions may contain one or more active agents, such as organic and inorganic UV filters and vitamins, as well as other ingredients or additives, such as pigments, emulsifiers, emollients, viscosity modifiers, stabilizers, preservatives, or fragrances.

[0273] In a preferred embodiment, the above surfactants are used in sunscreens.

[0274] In a preferred embodiment, the surfactants described above are used in decorative formulations, preferably selected from the group consisting of lipsticks, nail varnishes, eye shadows, mascaras, dry or wet make-ups, blushers, powders, hair removers and suntan lotions.

[0275] The personal care composition is preferably in the form of a cream, ointment, paste, foam, gel, lotion, powder, make-up, spray, stick or aerosol.

[0276] Preferably, surfactants are used to control metal ions, improve dispersion, improve emulsification, control foaming, modify the surface, and / or protect the active agent.

[0277] In a preferred embodiment, the above surfactants are used in cleaning compositions, preferably selected from the group consisting of household care formulations, industrial care formulations and institutional care formulations.

[0278] In a preferred embodiment, the cleaning composition is selected from the group consisting of laundry compositions (personal and commercial), dishwashing compositions, hard surface cleaning compositions, food service and kitchen hygiene compositions, food and beverage processing compositions, sanitation compositions, institutional cleaning compositions, industrial cleaning compositions and vehicle and transportation care compositions.

[0279] The cleaning composition may contain at least one bleaching system known in the art in an amount of 0-50% by weight. Suitable bleaching components include bleach catalysts, photobleaches, bleach activators, hydrogen peroxide sources such as sodium percarbonate and sodium perborate, preformed peracids and mixtures thereof.

[0280] The cleaning composition may further comprise soil suspending agents, such as sodium carboxymethylcellulose; pH adjusting agents, such as alkali metal or alkaline earth metal silicates; disinfectants; foam regulators, such as soaps; salts for adjusting spray drying and granulation characteristics, such as sodium sulfate; fragrances; antistatic agents; softening agents; further bleaching agents; pigments; and / or toning agents.

[0281] Preferably, surfactants are used to control metal ions, improve dispersion, improve emulsification, control foaming, modify the surface, and / or protect the ingredients.

[0282] In a preferred embodiment, the surfactants described above are used in nutritional formulations, preferably from the group selected from food formulations and feed formulations. The nutritional formulations can take any suitable form, such as liquid or solid form, and can be administered or ingested in any suitable manner, such as orally, parenterally or rectally.

[0283] To prepare a nutritional formulation or a premix or precursor, the process may include mixing a stabilized solid and / or liquid formulation comprising at least one or more food substances and at least one additional ingredient, such as a stabilizer.

[0284] Suitable stabilizers may be selected from the group consisting of gum arabicum, at least one plant protein and mixtures thereof. It is understood that the stabilizer may be selected from only one agent, for example gum arabicum, or may be composed of, for example, a mixture of one plant protein and gum arabicum or a mixture of two or more different plant proteins. In one embodiment, the stabilizer is gum arabicum. In another embodiment, the stabilizer is at least one plant protein.

[0285] Preferably, surfactants are used to control metal ions, improve dispersion, improve emulsification, control foaming, modify the surface, and / or protect the ingredients.

[0286] In a preferred embodiment, the above surfactants are used in pharmaceutical formulations. Pharmaceutical formulations can be administered in any suitable manner, such as oral, transdermal, parenteral, nasal, vaginal or rectal application. Suitable solid pharmaceutical formulations can be in the form of tablets, suppositories or capsules or in the form of sprays. Suitable transdermal pharmaceutical formulations include formulations such as patches or sprays, lotions, creams, oils, foams, ointments, powders or gels. Suitable liquid pharmaceutical formulations are preferably administered orally, parenterally or nasally.

[0287] The pharmaceutical formulation is preferably in solid, semi-solid or liquid form, preferably in the form of a tablet, suppository, capsule, patch, spray, lotion, cream, oil, foam, ointment, powder, gel or fluid.

[0288] The pharmaceutical formulation may, for example, comprise at least one active agent selected from the group consisting of anti-cancer agents, hormones, anti-viral agents, anti-fungal agents, anti-bacterial agents and inhibitors.

[0289] Preferably, surfactants are used to control metal ions, improve dispersion, improve emulsification, control foaming, modify the surface, and / or protect the active agent.

[0290] In a preferred embodiment, the above surfactants are used in crop formulations, preferably selected from the group consisting of pesticide, fungicide and herbicide formulations.

[0291] The crop formulation is preferably in solid, semi-solid or liquid form. Preferably, the crop formulation is suitable for ready-to-use spraying.

[0292] In a preferred embodiment, the pesticide formulation comprises a pesticide selected from the group consisting of chlorpyrifos, endosulfan, imazalil, DDT, toxaphene, lindane, methoxychlor, dieldrin, kelthane, chlordane, perthane, endrin, aldrin and heptachlor.

[0293] In a preferred embodiment, the fungicide formulation comprises a fungicide selected from the group consisting of azoxystrobin, pyraclostrobin, fluoxastrobin, trifloxystrobin, picoxystrobin, epoxiconazole, prothioconazole, myclobutanil, tebuconazole, propiconazole, cyproconazole, fenbuconazole, boscalid, penthiopyrad, bixafen, isopyrazam, sedaxane, fluopyram and thifluzamide.

[0294] In a preferred embodiment, the herbicide formulation comprises a herbicide selected from the group consisting of glyphosate, glufosinate, imidazolinones (e.g., imazamethabenz, imazamox, imazapic (e.g., Kifix), imazapyr, imazaquin, and imazethapyr), and cyclohexanediones (e.g., tepraloxydim and clethodim).

[0295] Suitable herbicidal formulations are used against unwanted and harmful plants, in particular Acalypha spp., such as Acalypha indica, Dinebra spp., such as Dinebra Arabica, Cynotis spp., such as Cynotis axillaris, Parthenium spp., such as Parthenium hysterophorus, Physalis spp., Physalis minima, Digera spp., Digera arvensis, Alopecurus myosuroides, Apera spicaventi, Brachiaria deflexa, Brachiaria species such as Brachiaria deflexa or Brachiaria plantaginea, Echinochloa species such as Echinochloa colonum, Leptochloa species such as Leptochloa fusca, Rottboellia cochinchinensis, Digitaria sanguinalis, Eleusine indica, Saccharum spontaneum, Cynodon dactylon, Euphorbia hirta, Euphorbia geniculata Certain unwanted Oryza species such as Weedy rice or Red rice (Oryza sativa), Phalaris canariensis, Commelina geniculata, Commelina benghalensis, Commelina communis, and Phalaris canariensis.canariensis, Celosia argentea, Xanthium strumarium, Papaver rhoeas, Geranium spp., Brassica spp., Avena fatua, Bromus spp., Lolium spp., Phalaris spp., Setaria spp., Digitaria spp., Brachiaria spp., Amaranthus spp., Chenopodium spp., Abutilon theophrasti, Galium aparineum, aparine, Veronica species or Solanum species and / or show improved compatibility with crop plants such as soybean, peanut, pea, bean, lentil, green gram, black gram, cluster bean, fenugreek, palm, other pulse or legume crops or crops resistant to the action of acetohydroxyacid synthase inhibiting herbicides, e.g. Clearfield® wheat, Clearfield® barley, Clearfield® corn, Clearfield® lentil, Clearfield® rapeseed or canola, Clearfield® rice, Cultivance® soybean and / or Clearfield® sunflower. The formulation should also have good pre-emergence herbicidal activity.

[0296] Preferably, surfactants are used to control metal ions, improve dispersion, improve emulsification, control foaming, modify surfaces, and / or protect crops.

[0297] In a preferred embodiment, the personal care composition, cleaning composition, nutritional formulation, pharmaceutical formulation or crop preparation comprises at least two surfactants.In this regard, it should be understood that the personal care composition, cleaning composition, nutritional formulation, pharmaceutical formulation or crop preparation can comprise at least two of the above surfactants, at least three of the above surfactants or a combination of at least one of the above surfactants and at least one additional different surfactant.The at least one additional different surfactant can be a fatty acid-based surfactant, such as sulfonate, amide, isethionate, taurate, glycolipid, amino acid, ester quat, sophorolipid, rhamnolipid, amphoacetate and fatty acid methyl ester or its sulfonate or a fatty alcohol-based surfactant.

[0298] One possible mixture of the above surfactants is described below: Preferably, these surfactants are also derived from Macauba oil, except for numbers 18 and 20.

[0299] [Table 1]

[0300] As mentioned above, the present invention further relates to a personal care composition, a cleaning composition, a nutritional formulation, a pharmaceutical formulation or a crop preparation comprising the above fatty acid amide composition or the above alkoxylated fatty acid ester composition.It should be understood that the further details of the use of the above fatty acid amide composition or the above alkoxylated fatty acid ester composition in each personal care composition, cleaning composition, nutritional formulation, pharmaceutical formulation or crop preparation also apply to the personal care composition, cleaning composition, nutritional formulation, pharmaceutical formulation or crop preparation.

[0301] As mentioned above, the present invention further relates to a process for producing glycerol, the process comprising the steps of: a) converting oil extracted from macaubay palm having an oil yield in tonnes / hectare / year of at least 6 t / ha / yr into glycerol; Includes.

[0302] Preferred embodiments (e.g., with respect to fatty acid amide compositions or alkoxylated fatty acid ester compositions, macaubayashi and process parameters) have already been outlined above in the process for producing a fatty acid amide composition or an alkoxylated fatty acid ester composition and shall apply analogously to the process for producing glycerol. Specific preferred embodiments are mentioned below.

[0303] Glycerol may be provided as a by-reaction of the above-described processes for producing the fatty acid amide compositions or the alkoxylated fatty acid ester compositions.

[0304] In a preferred embodiment, the process comprises: b) A purification step, preferably carried out by filtration, centrifugation, addition of chemicals and / or fractional vacuum distillation. Further includes: EXAMPLES

[0305] The invention is further illustrated by the following prophetic examples.

[0306] The following example considers Macaubay palm (eg, having registration number AEB402A) having an oil yield in tonnes per hectare per year of about 9.0 t / ha / yr.

[0307] Measurement method a) Free fatty acid content The determination of the free fatty acid content in the oil was carried out according to DIN EN ISO 660, the method used to measure the acid number was ISO 4314 and the method for measuring the saponification number was DIN EN ISO 3657 / DIN EN ISO 3681.

[0308] b) Comparative low-temperature stability test The samples (32 grams each) are filled into glass vials (diameter 2.5 cm, height 8.5 cm). They are first kept overnight in an oven at a temperature that ensures that the samples are completely dissolved and transparent (here 45 °C). The next day, the vials are immersed in a regulated water bath (23 °C) so that the sample level is lower than the water level. The temperature of the water bath is gradually reduced (-2 K / h to 17 °C, then -1 K / h to 15 °C). Finally, the appearance of the cooled samples is observed. The samples are then removed from the water bath and kept at room temperature (RT = 23 °C) for a further 16 hours. The appearance is observed again.

[0309] c) Thickening behavior Fill a beaker with 200 g of sample and add sodium chloride to the sample. The sample is then mixed until the salt is dissolved. The sample is kept at room temperature (23°C) until all air bubbles trapped during mixing have disappeared. The viscosity is measured using a Brookfield RV laboratory rheometer at 12 rpm and spindle set RV02-07 (spindle selection depending on viscosity range). The appearance of the sample is also visually inspected. The weight % NaCl is calculated as the weight of NaCl added per 200 g.

[0310] d) Foaming behavior A solution of the surfactant sample is prepared (1 l in total) with a concentration of 1 g active substance / liter and pH 5.5 (adjusted with citric acid or sodium hydroxide solution). The sample solution is prepared in DI water (0° dH) and adjusted to 15° C. The foam measurement is carried out with a Foam Expert device (SITA Messtechnik GmbH). 250 ml of the solution are filled into the stirring vessel and then stirred for 10 seconds at 1300 rpm before measuring the total volume and the liquid volume (so that foam volume = total volume - liquid volume). The stirring and volume measurement are carried out 18 times. The sample is then poured off, the stirring vessel is washed with DI water and the same measurement (250 ml, 18 x 10 seconds) is repeated two more times. The results for foam volume and liquid volume as a function of stirring time are calculated as the average value of three repetitions. Usually the foam volume shows an asymptotic increase. The following characteristic data can be obtained: Maximum foam volume [ml] Time to maximum foam volume [s] = mixing time until maximum foam volume is achieved Half-life of foam formation [s] = mixing time until half of the maximum foam volume is achieved

[0311] e) Methods for extracting oil from fruits The oil is extracted by cryogenic grinding in a dry route process in which the fruit is dried and then pulped, and only after these steps is the pulp / kernel crushed.

[0312] Example 1 of the present invention (IE1) For example, about 380 macauba palms are planted per hectare for cattle pasture. Macauba palms are cultivated on existing pasture land (silvopastoral), so no deforestation is required and farmers can market the macauba fruit in addition to breeding cattle and / or producing milk. 312 macauba palms per hectare were planted. Each palm yields 61-90 kg of fruit per hectare per year (depending on the maturity of the palm and the growing conditions). Harvesting takes place only once a year during the rainy season (October-January). About 3% of the fruit is kernel oil and 8% is pulp oil.

[0313] Example 2 of the present invention (IE2) A soybean plantation is for example planted with about 340 macaubay palms per hectare (with a growth height of about 20-80 cm and an oil yield in tonnes / hectare / year of about 0.6 t / ha / yr). The macaubay palms are cultivated on existing plantations (agroforestry), so again no deforestation is required. The macaubay palms grow to a height of about 15 meters, so soybeans can be cultivated in parallel. In this context, it is also possible to cultivate in parallel at least one further additional different plant (with a growth height of about 1-7 m), such as sunflowers (with an oil yield in tonnes / hectare / year of about 0.7 t / ha / yr) or beans.

[0314] As can be seen from the above examples, by cultivating Macaubay palm, deforestation can be significantly reduced. Furthermore, biodiversity can be increased. Furthermore, even if Macaubay palm is not cultivated as a monoculture, the total oil yield can be comparable to that of oil palm (which has an oil yield in tonnes / hectare / year of about 3.8 t / ha / yr) due to the higher oil yield of Macaubay palm. Without being bound by any theory, plants with improved oil yields can be used to more easily restore degraded areas and water sources and watersheds. Furthermore, water retention in the soil is improved.

Claims

1. 1. A process for producing a fatty acid amide composition or an alkoxylated fatty acid ester composition, comprising: a) converting oil extracted from macaubay palm having an oil yield in tonnes / hectare / year of at least 6 t / ha / yr into fatty acid amides or alkoxylated fatty acid esters; A process involving:

2. the macaubay palm is Acrocomia aculeata, and / or 2. The process according to claim 1, wherein the oil is extracted from palm pulp and / or palm kernel, preferably the oil is extracted from macauba kernel, in particular the macauba palm is Acrocomia aculeata and the oil is extracted from Acrocomia aculeata kernel.

3. In step a), the conversion is carried out under chemical or enzymatic conditions, preferably under chemical conditions, and / or 3. The process of claim 1 or 2, wherein step a) involves a condensation or transesterification reaction.

4. 3. The process of claim 1 or 2, wherein the macaubay palm has an oil yield in tonnes per hectare per year in the range of 6 to 30 t / ha / yr, preferably 7 to 20 t / ha / yr, more preferably 8 to 15 t / ha / yr.

5. 3. The process according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a fatty acid amide composition is produced, preferably the fatty acid amide composition is selected from the group consisting of a fatty acid amide alkanolamide (fatty acid alkanolamide) composition and a fatty acid amide alkyl betaine composition, and in step a), the oil is converted into the fatty acid amide alkanolamide (fatty acid alkanolamide) or the fatty acid amide alkyl betaine.

6. The fatty acid amide composition provided in step a) has at least 40 wt. % C, based on the total weight of the fatty acid amide composition. ４ ~C ２２ Fatty acid amides, preferably C ６ ~C ２０ Fatty acid amides, more preferably C ８ ~C １８ Fatty acid amides, even more preferably C ８ ~C １６ Fatty acid amide or C １６ ~C １８ Fatty acid amides, especially C １０ ~C １６ based on the total weight of the fatty acid amide and / or the fatty acid amide composition, 1 to 20% by weight of C ８ fatty acid amides, 1 to 8 wt.% C １０ fatty acid amides, 30 to 48 wt.% C １２ fatty acid amides, 5 to 15 wt.% C １４ fatty acid amides, 4 to 13 wt.% C １６ fatty acid amides, 15 to 42 wt% C １８ fatty acid amides, and 0 to 5 wt.% C ２０ fatty acid amides 3. The process of claim 1 or 2, comprising:

7. The fatty acid amide composition provided in step a) is preferably a fatty acid amide alkanolamide (fatty acid alkanolamide) composition selected from the group consisting of fatty acid amide monoalkylamide (fatty acid monoalkylamide) compositions and fatty acid amide dialkylamide (fatty acid dialkylamide) compositions, more preferably a fatty acid amide monoethanolamide (fatty acid monoethanolamide) composition and a fatty acid amide diethanolamide (fatty acid diethanolamide) composition; or 3. The process according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the fatty acid amide composition provided in step a) is a fatty acid amido alkyl betaine, preferably a fatty acid amido propyl betaine composition.

8. Step a) is a. i) blending the oil extracted from Macaubay palm having an oil yield in tonnes / hectare / year of at least 6 t / ha / yr with oil extracted from plants having an oil yield in tonnes / hectare / year of less than 6 t / ha / yr, preferably wherein the oil extracted from plants having an oil yield in tonnes / hectare / year of less than 6 t / ha / yr is derived from coconut oil (CNO), palm oil (PO) and / or palm kernel oil (PKO); and / or The fatty acid amide composition obtained in step a) is mixed with a fatty acid amide composition obtained from oil extracted from a plant having an oil yield in tons / hectare / year of less than 6 t / ha / yr, and then converted into the respective fatty acid amide compositions.

3. The process of claim 1 or 2, further comprising:

9. 10. A fatty acid amide composition obtained by the process of claim 1.

10. A fatty acid amide composition or an alkoxylated fatty acid ester composition obtained from the fruit of the macaubay palm having an oil yield in tonnes / hectare / year of at least 6 t / ha / yr, wherein oil obtained from the macaubay palm is converted to the fatty acid amide or the alkoxylated fatty acid ester.

11. 10. An alkoxylated fatty acid ester composition obtained by the process of claim 1.

12. 1. Use of oil extracted from the fruit of the macaubay palm, having an oil yield in tonnes per hectare per year of at least 6 t / ha / yr, for the production of fatty acid amides or alkoxylated fatty acid esters.

13. 12. Use of the fatty acid amide composition of claim 9 or 10 or the alkoxylated fatty acid ester composition of claim 10 or 11 in a personal care composition, a cleaning composition, a nutritional formulation, a pharmaceutical formulation or a crop formulation.

14. 12. A personal care composition, a cleaning composition, a nutritional formulation, a pharmaceutical formulation, or a crop formulation comprising the fatty acid amide composition of claim 9 or 10 or the alkoxylated fatty acid ester composition of claim 10 or 11.

15. 1. A process for producing glycerol, comprising: a) converting oil extracted from macaubay palm having an oil yield in tonnes / hectare / year of at least 6 t / ha / yr into glycerol; A process involving: