Method for packaging absorbent articles

Abstract

The absorbent article has a front waist region, a rear waist region, and an intermediate region disposed between the front waist region and the rear waist region. The absorbent article includes a topsheet, a backsheet, an absorbent core structure disposed between the topsheet and the backsheet, and a flexible bonded channel region formed in at least the intermediate region. The absorbent core structure includes an upper nonwoven layer having polymer fibers, a lower nonwoven layer having polymer fibers, and an inner core layer disposed between the upper nonwoven layer and the lower nonwoven layer. The flexible bonded channel region has a dry channel depth of at least 1.0 mm and a channel width of about 1.0 mm to about 3.0 mm. The flexible bonded channel region has a CD bending resistance index of about 1.1 to about 3.0, and a dry MD bending resistance of less than about 0.04 N / mm.

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] FIELD OF THE DISCLOSURE The present disclosure relates to absorbent articles having flexible bonded channel regions, and more particularly to absorbent articles having flexible bonded channel regions that conform closely to the body while still being flexible. [Background technology]

[0002] Absorbent articles, such as diapers, training pants, feminine pads, adult incontinence pads, etc., are widely used among consumers. Generally, such absorbent articles include a topsheet and a backsheet, with an absorbent core structure disposed therebetween. These absorbent articles are designed to absorb and retain liquids and other exudates from the human body to prevent soiling of the body and clothing.

[0003] In order to effectively absorb bodily fluids without leakage, absorbent articles must conform closely to the wearer's body so that the absorbent article can capture bodily fluids in the intended location of the absorbent article (e.g., the center of the absorbent core structure). Historically, in menstrual applications, channels formed by embossing have been utilized to create bend lines in thicker and / or stiffer products to provide a specific pad shape during use and help improve fit to the body. In traditional cellulose-based absorbent core structures, the channels are formed by applying high compression forces to densify the cellulose to the point where it is irreversibly compressed. While such channels can provide preferential bending locations within the absorbent article, the high compression forces (i.e., densification) required to form the channels (and keep them in place) create stiffness that can hinder the absorbent article's ability to conform to the wearer's body in both the longitudinal and lateral directions. Thus, these products are not expected to conform or fit as closely as possible to the wearer's body, especially in areas adjacent to the area of ​​discharge of bodily fluids during use, and thus leakage can occur. To effectively conform to the body, it is desirable for an absorbent article to be able to flex in preferential positions both longitudinally and laterally. Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0004] There is a need for an absorbent article that includes channels yet is still capable of conforming to the body and having both longitudinal and lateral flexibility. [Means for solving the problem]

[0005] To solve the problem of stiff, poorly conforming absorbent articles with channels, the present disclosure provides an absorbent core structure in which a liquid-absorbent material can be sandwiched between two nonwoven layers that can be plastically deformed to form flexible bonded channel regions without densifying the absorbent core structure and / or the inner core layer. As described herein, the flexible bonded channel regions can be flexible in both the longitudinal and lateral directions, allowing the absorbent article to conform closely to the body.

[0006] The absorbent article comprises a front end region, a rear end region, and an intermediate region disposed between the front end region and the rear end region; a topsheet; a backsheet; an absorbent core structure disposed between the topsheet and the backsheet, the absorbent core structure comprising: (a) an upper nonwoven layer comprising polymer fibers; (b) a lower nonwoven layer comprising polymer fibers; and (c) an inner core layer disposed between the upper nonwoven layer and the lower nonwoven layer and comprising cellulose fibers and superabsorbent particles; and a flexible bonded channel region formed in at least the intermediate region, the flexible bonded channel region having a dry channel depth of at least 1.0 mm and a width of about 1.0 mm to about 3.0 mm, a CD bending resistance index of about 1.1 to about 3.0, and a dry MD bending resistance of less than about 0.04 N / mm when measured according to the Flexible Bonded Channel MD Bending Resistance Method.

[0007] The disposable absorbent article comprises a topsheet; a backsheet; and an absorbent core disposed between the topsheet and the backsheet, the topsheet forming a wearer-facing surface of the absorbent article and the backsheet forming an exterior-facing surface of the absorbent article, the absorbent core structure comprising: (a) an upper nonwoven layer comprising polymeric fibers; (b) a lower nonwoven layer comprising polymeric fibers; and (c) an inner core layer disposed between the upper and lower nonwoven layers, the inner core layer comprising cellulosic fibers and superabsorbent particles, the inner core layer comprising cellulosic fibers of from about 125 gsm to about 400 gsm, the wearer-facing surface of the absorbent article having a dry MD bending strength of less than about 0.04 N / mm and a dry MD bending strength of less than about 0.05 g / cm, as measured according to the Flexible Bonded Channel MD Bending Strength Method. 3 ~about 0.3g / cm 3 The flexible bonding channel region has a density of

[0008] The disposable absorbent article comprises a topsheet; a backsheet; an absorbent core structure disposed between the topsheet and the backsheet, the absorbent core structure comprising an upper nonwoven layer comprising polymeric fibers and an inner core layer comprising cellulosic fibers of from about 125 gsm to about 400 gsm, the inner core layer having a wearer-facing surface and an outward-facing surface, the upper nonwoven layer directly contacting the wearer-facing surface of the inner core layer; and a flexible bonded channel region comprising one or more flexible bonded embossments having an embossment length of from about 1.0 mm to about 4.0 mm, the flexible bonded channel region having a channel depth of at least 1.0 mm and a width of from about 1.0 mm to about 3.0 mm, and having a dry MD bending resistance of less than about 0.04 N / mm when measured according to the Flexible Bonded Channel MD Bending Resistance Method. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0009] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 is a diagram of an absorbent core structure according to the present disclosure. [Figure 2A] 1 is a diagram of an absorbent article according to the present disclosure. [Figure 2B] FIG. 2 is another view of an absorbent article according to the present disclosure. [Diagram 3] FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of an absorbent core structure. [Figure 4] FIG. 2 is a close-up view of a structure binding site according to the present disclosure. [Diagram 5] 5 is a cross-sectional view of the structure bonding portion of FIG. 4. [Figure 6] 1 is a cross-sectional view of an absorbent article according to the present disclosure. [Figure 7A] FIG. 2 is a top view of an absorbent article having flexible bonded channel regions according to the present disclosure. [Figure 7B] FIG. 2 is another top view of an absorbent article having flexible bonded channel regions according to the present disclosure. [Figure 8] FIG. 2 is an enlarged top view of a surface of an absorbent article including a flexible bonded channel region. [Figure 9] 1 is a perspective view of a flexible bond channel region in an absorbent article according to the present disclosure. [Figure 10A] 7B is a partial cross-sectional view taken along line 10-10 of FIG. 7A of an absorbent article including a flexible bonded channel region according to various non-limiting configurations of the present disclosure. [Figure 10B] 7B is a partial cross-sectional view taken along line 10-10 of FIG. 7A of an absorbent article including a flexible bonded channel region according to various non-limiting configurations of the present disclosure. [Figure 11A] FIG. 1 is a diagram of the test method setup for the wet and dry CD ultrasensitive three-point bend method. [Figure 11B] FIG. 1 is a diagram of the test method setup for the wet and dry CD ultrasensitive three-point bend method. [Figure 11C] FIG. 1 is a diagram of the test method setup for the wet and dry CD ultrasensitive three-point bend method. [Figure 12] FIG. 1 is a diagram of the test method setup for wet and dry bunch compression testing. [Figure 13A] FIG. 1 is a diagram of the test method setup for wet and dry bunch compression testing. [Figure 13B] FIG. 1 is a diagram of the test method setup for wet and dry bunch compression testing. [Figure 14A]14A and 14B are exemplary graphs of bunching curves obtained from wet and dry bunching compression tests. The graphs in Figures 14A and 14B are shown to illustrate how the calculations in the method may be performed and do not represent the data described herein. [Figure 14B] 14A and 14B are exemplary graphs of bunching curves obtained from wet and dry bunching compression tests. The graphs in Figures 14A and 14B are shown to illustrate how the calculations in the method may be performed and do not represent the data described herein. [Figure 15] 15 is an exemplary graph of the channel depth width of the flexible bond channel region relative to the no channel region resulting from the flexible bond channel depth and width method. The graph in FIG. 15 is shown to illustrate how the calculations in the method may be performed and does not represent the data described herein. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0010] As used herein, "disposable absorbent article" or "absorbent article" is intended to refer to articles such as diapers, training pants, diaper pants, refastenable pants, adult incontinence pads, adult incontinence pants, feminine hygiene pads, cleaning pads, etc., each of which is intended to be discarded after use.

[0011] As used herein, "absorbent core structure" is intended to refer to an upper nonwoven layer, a lower nonwoven layer, and an inner core layer disposed between the upper and lower nonwoven layers.

[0012] As used herein, "hydrophilic" and "hydrophobic" have their well-established meanings in the art with respect to the contact angle of water on a material surface. Thus, a material having a water contact angle of more than about 90 degrees is considered hydrophobic, and a material having a water contact angle of less than about 90 degrees is considered hydrophilic. A composition that is hydrophobic increases the contact angle of water on the surface of the material, whereas a composition that is hydrophilic decreases the contact angle of water on the surface of the material. Notwithstanding the above, reference to relative hydrophobicity or hydrophilicity between a material and a composition, between two materials, and / or between two compositions does not mean that the material or composition is hydrophobic or hydrophilic. For example, the composition may be more hydrophobic than the material. In this case, neither the composition nor the material may be hydrophobic. However, the contact angle exhibited by the composition is greater than that of the material. As another example, the composition may be more hydrophilic than the material. In this case, neither the composition nor the material may be hydrophilic. However, the contact angle exhibited by the composition is less than that exhibited by the material.

[0013] As used herein, "machine direction" refers to the direction in which a web runs through an absorbent article conversion process. For simplicity, it may be referred to as "MD."

[0014] As used herein, "cross machine direction" refers to the direction perpendicular to the MD, which for simplicity is sometimes referred to as the "CD."

[0015] As used herein, "elastic" refers to a material that tends to retain its shape in both dry and wet conditions and, when subjected to a compressive force, tends to resume its original pre-compressed shape when such force is removed. In some aspects, the upper and / or lower nonwoven layers described herein may be elastic.

[0016] As used herein, "wearer-facing" (sometimes referred to herein as body-facing) and "outer-facing" (sometimes referred to herein as garment-facing) refer to the relative positions of an element or a surface of an element or surfaces of elements, respectively. "Wear-facing" means that the element or surface is closer to the wearer during wear than any other element or surface. "Outer-facing" means that the element or surface is farther away from the wearer during wear than any other element or surface (i.e., the element or surface is closer to the wearer's garment, which may be worn over the absorbent article).

[0017] "Inner" with respect to a first feature of an article and its location relative to a second feature or location on the article means that the first feature is located closer to the respective axis of the article than the second feature or location along the horizontal xy plane generally occupied by the article when laid out flat on a horizontal surface and stretched to the full longitudinal and lateral dimensions of its component web material against any contraction induced by any included pre-tensioned elastomeric material. Laterally inward means that the first feature is closer to the longitudinal axis, and longitudinally inward means that the first feature is closer to the lateral axis. Conversely, "outer" with respect to a first feature of an article and its location relative to a second feature or location on the article means that the first feature is farther from the respective axis of the article than the second feature or location.

[0018] It should be understood that every maximum numerical limitation given throughout this specification includes every lower numerical limitation, as if such lower numerical limitations were expressly written herein. Every minimum numerical limitation given throughout this specification includes every higher numerical limitation, as if such higher numerical limitations were expressly written herein. Every numerical range given throughout this specification includes every narrower numerical range that falls within such broader numerical range, as if such narrower numerical ranges were all expressly written herein.

[0019] The disposable absorbent articles described herein may comprise a topsheet, a backsheet, and an absorbent core structure disposed therebetween. The absorbent core structure may comprise an upper nonwoven layer and a lower nonwoven layer, with an inner core layer disposed between the upper and lower nonwoven layers. The inner core layer may be contained within the nonwoven layers by substantially sealing at least the left and right regions of the upper and lower nonwoven layers at a perimeter seal. In some configurations, the upper and lower nonwoven layers may be joined with a perimeter seal that extends around the entire perimeter of the inner core layer. The absorbent article may further comprise one or more flexible bond channel regions that include closely spaced flexible bond embossments.

[0020] As used herein, "flexible bond channel regions" refer to generally elongated depressions formed in at least a portion of an absorbent article and extending partially or completely through the z-direction thickness of the absorbent article. Flexible bond channel regions can reduce the thickness of the absorbent article in the z-direction and can act as preferential bending lines in the absorbent article, allowing the article to bend in a particular direction to fit more closely to the wearer's body. Flexible bond channel regions may also act as fluid wicking or fluid transport barriers that can reduce the possibility of fluid migrating around the absorbent article and causing leakage.

[0021] In some aspects, the disposable absorbent article may comprise the following structure (in order from the wearer-facing surface to the outer-facing surface): a topsheet, an upper nonwoven layer, an inner core layer, a lower nonwoven layer, and a backsheet. In some aspects, the topsheet may be in direct contact with the upper nonwoven layer, the upper nonwoven layer may be in direct contact with the inner core layer, and / or the inner core layer may be in direct contact with the lower nonwoven layer. By "direct contact" is meant that there is no additional intermediate component layer between the respective layers in direct contact. However, it is not excluded that an adhesive material may be disposed between at least a portion of the aforementioned layers.

[0022] 1 and 3, an absorbent core structure 10 may include an upper nonwoven layer 210 and a lower nonwoven layer 220 (collectively referred to herein as upper and lower nonwoven layers or upper and lower nonwovens), and an inner core layer 200 disposed between the upper nonwoven layer 210 and the lower nonwoven layer 220. The absorbent core structure 10 may include the inner core layer 200 comprising a liquid-absorbent material. Without being limited by theory, it is believed that the absorbent core structure may regain its shape in a dry or wet state over a range of body movements and compressions. The liquid-absorbent material may include a matrix comprising cellulose fibers and superabsorbent particles (sometimes referred to herein as "fluff / AGM"). The upper nonwoven layer 210 and the lower nonwoven layer 220 may be joined to one another at the perimeter seal 230 using adhesives or other conventional bonding methods including, but not limited to, ultrasonic bonding, melt bonding, crimping, and combinations thereof.

[0023] The upper nonwoven layer 210 and the lower nonwoven layer 220 may extend outwardly from the perimeter of the inner core layer and may be joined together to form a perimeter seal 230. In some configurations, the entire inner core layer 200 may be located inside the perimeter seal 230. The perimeter seal 230 may help seal the absorbent material of the inner core layer 200 to the inside of the upper nonwoven layer 210 and the lower nonwoven layer 220. In some configurations, the perimeter seal 230 may extend around the entire inner core layer perimeter 200a. In some configurations, the perimeter seal 230 may extend partially around the inner core layer perimeter.

[0024] In some configurations, the upper nonwoven layer 210 and the lower nonwoven layer 220 may be separate materials that can be cut to approximately the size and shape of the inner core layer 200 to fit between the topsheet and the backsheet, but the upper nonwoven layer 210 and the lower nonwoven layer 220 may not extend substantially into either the front or rear end regions of the absorbent article. In some configurations, the upper nonwoven layer 210 and / or the lower nonwoven layer 220 may extend from the front end region of the absorbent article to the rear end region of the absorbent article.

[0025] The flexibility and / or resilience of the absorbent core structure results in an absorbent article that comfortably conforms to the wearer's anatomical shape while efficiently managing fluids as they exit the body. This can unexpectedly be achieved without typical densification stiffening (for wet integrity) by utilizing elastic upper and lower nonwoven layers composed of elastic polymers located above and below the loosely packed fluff / AGM matrix of the inner core layer. This absorbent core structure can load a structural load and regain its shape without physically stiffening or losing desired structural properties when the absorbent core structure becomes wet.

[0026] When the selected elastic upper nonwoven 210 and elastic lower nonwoven 220 are positioned above and below the fluff / AGM matrix of the inner core layer and are specifically bonded to and around the fluff / AGM matrix, it is believed that wet integrity / shape stability in the cellulose-rich absorbent core structure occurs without substantial densification and stiffening. The upper and lower nonwovens need sufficient recovery force to return the fluff / AGM matrix to its original state or stable fiber orientation state after compression. Wrapping or encapsulating the cellulose-rich fluff core with a simple cellulose tissue or less elastic nonwoven material may not provide sufficient recovery energy to recover the shape during use, especially when wet. The structural wet elastic nonwoven detailed herein may exhibit recovery energy after compression that is sufficient to recover the cellulose-rich fiber matrix and is selected to provide high compression recovery with relatively low stiffness in both dry and wet conditions.

[0027] Furthermore, it has been found that absorbent articles can be made that include flexible bonded channel regions while maintaining the flexibility of the absorbent article in both the lateral and longitudinal directions, allowing the absorbent article to better conform to the body. Without being limited by theory, it is believed that the upper nonwoven is able to plastically deform and maintain the channel structure without having to permanently compress (densify) the fluff / AGM of the inner core layer.

[0028] A suitable upper nonwoven layer may have a basis weight of about 30 gms to about 85 gms, or about 35 gms to about 70 gsm, or about 40 gms to about 60 gsm. The upper nonwoven layer may have a tensile stiffness of about 0.3 N / mm to about 1.6 N / mm. The upper nonwoven layer may have a breaking strain of greater than about 10%, or about 10% to about 50%, or about 20% to about 40%. The upper nonwoven layer may have a permanent set of about 0.005 to about 0.013 mm / mm, or 0.005 to about 0.0090 mm / mm.

[0029] Suitable lower nonwoven layers may have a basis weight of about 10 to about 40 gsm, or about 15 to about 20 gsm. The lower nonwoven layer may have a tensile stiffness of about 0.2 N / mm to about 1.6 N / mm. The lower nonwoven layer may have a breaking strain of greater than about 10%, or about 10% to about 50%, or about 20% to about 40%. The lower nonwoven layer may have a permanent set of about 0.005 to about 0.013 mm / mm.

[0030] The upper and lower nonwoven layers may comprise polymeric fibers. Suitable upper and lower nonwoven fibers may be selected from PET (polyethylene terephthalate), PP (polypropylene), BiCo (bicomponent fibers) selected from PE / PP (PE sheath and PP core) and / or PE / PET (PE sheath and PET core), PLA (polylactic acid), and combinations thereof.

[0031] Suitable upper nonwoven layers may include about 60% to about 100%, or about 70% to about 100% synthetic fibers and about 0% to about 40%, or about 0% to about 30% regenerated cellulosic fibers (such as rayon and / or viscose).

[0032] The upper nonwoven layer may comprise fibers having a staple length of greater than about 10 mm or greater than about 25 mm, or from about 10 mm to about 100 mm, from about 20 mm to about 75 mm, or from about 25 mm to about 50 mm. The upper nonwoven layer may comprise fibers having a fiber diameter of from about 1.3 Dtex to about 10 Dtex, from about 1.3 Dtex to about 6.0 Dtex, or from about 2.0 Dtex to about 5.0 Dtex. In some configurations, the upper nonwoven layer may comprise fibers, which are a blend of staple fibers having a fiber diameter of from about 2.0 Dtex to about 10 Dtex.

[0033] The lower nonwoven layer may comprise fibers having a length of greater than about 10 mm or greater than about 25 mm, or from about 10 mm to about 100 mm, from about 20 mm to about 75 mm, or from about 25 mm to about 50 mm. In some configurations, the lower nonwoven layer may comprise continuous fibers. The lower nonwoven layer may comprise fibers having a fiber diameter of about 1.3 DTex to about 5.0 DTex, about 1.3 DTex to about 3.3 DTex, about 1.3 DTex to about 2.2 DTex, or about 2.0 DTex to about 10 DTex. In some configurations, the lower nonwoven layer may comprise fibers, the fibers being a blend of fibers having a fiber diameter of about 0.1 DTex to about 6.0 DTex.

[0034] In some configurations, a suitable fiber combination may include upper nonwoven polymeric fibers having a diameter of about 2.0 DTex to about 10 DTex and lower nonwoven polymeric fibers having a diameter of about 1.7 DTex to about 5 DTex. In some configurations, a suitable fiber combination may include upper nonwoven polymeric fibers having a diameter of about 1.3 DTex to about 2.2 DTex and lower nonwoven polymeric fibers having a diameter of about 1.7 DTex to about 5 DTex.

[0035] Although the nonwoven layers containing polymeric fibers may retain their shape when wet and resist plasticization, they are attached to the fluff / AGM matrix through the application of a core structure adhesive applied either directly to the fluff / AGM matrix or to the elastic nonwoven layers, the application of the core structure adhesive being via a conventional spray coating application method, which is selected to achieve bonding but not impede the flow of fluids to the fluff / AGM matrix. In addition, the upper and lower nonwoven layers may have at least a partial perimeter seal to better connect the upper and lower nonwoven layers to the inner core layer contained within the upper and lower nonwoven layers. This perimeter seal typically includes at least the middle region of the absorbent article in the area located between the inner thighs of the wearer. The presence of a perimeter seal on the exterior of the fluff / AGM matrix helps ensure that the upper and lower nonwoven layers will maintain their structural function without separating during physical deformation and helps limit any potential integrity and clumping issues when the upper and lower nonwoven layers are bonded by conventional means (e.g., adhesives, polymer welding, and / or strong physical entanglement). Creating a perimeter seal that substantially contains the inner core layer may allow any excess material to be removed and allow the absorbent core structure to mold to the inner thigh shape.

[0036] Suitable upper and lower nonwoven layer materials can bend and return to their original shape in response to bending forces. Thin or highly flexible materials bend easily with low peak forces (loads) and low bending energy. Materials that bend easily but are unsuitable do not have sufficient recovery energy and therefore remain in a deformed, bent state due to insufficient recovery energy. Suitable materials have sufficient energy to recover to their initial state before being bent. Materials with sufficient bending recovery energy can be considered as elastic upper and lower nonwoven layers.

[0037] As mentioned above, the upper and lower nonwovens may include polymeric fibers. Polymeric fibers may be included to help provide structural integrity to the upper and lower nonwovens. Polymeric fibers can help increase the structural integrity of the upper and lower nonwovens in both the machine direction (MD) and cross machine direction (CD), which can facilitate web manipulation during processing of the upper and lower nonwovens for incorporation into a pad.

[0038] Polymer fibers of any suitable composition can be selected. Some examples of suitable polymer fibers can include bicomponent fibers including polyethylene (PE) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) components or polyethylene terephthalate and copolyethylene terephthalate components. The components of the bicomponent fiber can be arranged in a sheath-core configuration, a side-by-side configuration, an eccentric sheath-core arrangement, a trilobal configuration, or other suitable configuration. In some configurations, the polymer fibers can include bicomponent fibers having PE / PET components arranged in a concentric sheath-core configuration, where the polyethylene component forms the sheath.

[0039] Although other materials may be useful for creating an elastic structure, the stiffness of the PET core component in the sheath-core fiber configuration is believed to be useful for imparting elasticity to the upper and lower nonwovens. In a synergistic combination, a PE sheath component having a lower melting temperature than the PET core component can be utilized to provide inter-fiber melt / fusion bonds brought about by heat treatment of the precursor batt. This can help provide tensile strength to the web in both MD and CD. Such inter-fiber bonds can help reduce slippage between fibers, thereby further contributing to impart shape stability and elasticity to the material, even when the material is wet.

[0040] When a relatively high weight fraction of polymeric fibers is included, more connections may be formed in the structure via heat treatment. However, too many connection points may impart greater stiffness to the upper and lower nonwovens than may be desired. For this reason, selecting the weight fraction of polymeric fibers may involve prioritizing and balancing the competing needs for stiffness and softness in the upper and lower nonwovens.

[0041] As mentioned above, the upper and lower nonwovens may further comprise polymeric fibers that increase the elasticity of the upper and lower nonwovens. The elastic polymeric fibers can help the upper and lower nonwovens maintain permeability and compression recovery. In another configuration, the upper and lower nonwovens may comprise elastic polymeric fibers with various cross sections, for example, round and hollow spiral, and / or may comprise elastic fibers with various sizes.

[0042] The polymer fibers may be elastic and may be spun from any suitable thermoplastic, such as polypropylene (PP), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), or other suitable thermoplastics known in the art. The average staple length of the elastic polymer fibers may be greater than about 10 mm, or in the range of about 20 mm to about 100 mm, about 30 mm to about 50 mm, or about 35 mm to about 50 mm. The thermoplastic polymer fibers may have any suitable structure or shape. For example, the elastic polymer fibers may be circular or may have other shapes, such as helical, wavy elliptical, trefoil, wavy ribbon, and others. Furthermore, the elastic polymer fibers may be solid, hollow, or multi-hollow. The elastic polymer fibers may be solid and round in shape. In other suitable examples, the elastic polymer fibers may include polyester / coextruded polyester fibers. Other suitable examples of elastic polymer fibers may include bicomponent fibers, such as polyethylene / polypropylene, polyethylene / polyethylene terephthalate, polypropylene / polyethylene terephthalate bicomponent fibers. These bicomponent fibers may have a sheath / core configuration.

[0043] The elastic polymer fibers may be polyethylene terephthalate (PET) fibers or other suitable non-cellulosic fibers known in the art. The PET fibers may be imparted with any suitable structure or shape. For example, the PET fibers may be circular or have other shapes such as helical, wavy oval, trefoil, wavy ribbon, hollow helix, etc. The PET fibers may be solid, hollow, or multi-hollow. In one particular example, the PET fibers may be hollow in cross section and may have a curled or helical configuration along their length. Optionally, the elastic polymer fibers may be helically crimped or flat crimped. The elastic polymer fibers may have an average crimp value of about 4 to about 12 crimps per inch (cpi), about 4 to about 8 cpi, about 5 to about 7 cpi, or about 9 to about 10 cpi. Specific non-limiting examples of elastomeric polymer fibers are available from Wellman, Inc. (Ireland) under the trade names H1311 and T5974. Other examples of suitable elastomeric polymer fibers are disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 7,767,598.

[0044] The stiffening polymer fiber and the elastic polymer fiber must be carefully selected. For example, the chemical nature of the components forming the stiffening polymer fiber and the elastic polymer fiber may be similar, but the elastic polymer fiber must be selected so that the melting point of its component material is higher than the melting point of the bondable component of the stiffening polymer fiber. Otherwise, the elastic polymer fiber may bond to the stiffening polymer fiber (or vice versa) during heat treatment, resulting in an excessively rigid structure. When the stiffening polymer fiber includes bicomponent fibers, such as core-sheath components with a sheath component with a relatively low melting temperature where melt bonding occurs, to avoid the above risk, the elastic polymer fiber may include only the core component chemical, which may be a polymer with a relatively high melting temperature.

[0045] Nonwoven performance can be influenced by the combination of the choice of nonwoven fiber polymer, fiber properties, and how the fibers are arranged or connected. The choice of nonwoven can affect the ability of the absorbent article to recover its shape following the compressive, bending, and elongation (stretching) forces that occur during use with body movement. If the fibers are short (less than about 10 mm), they are likely to rearrange irreversibly under elongation and compression forces. Rearrangement of the fibers in the fiber matrix (changing their orientation / state) will dissipate tensile (stretching) or compressive forces, so that the energy used to affect the deformation is not available for recovery to the original shape. Longer fiber networks (typically greater than about 10 mm but less than about 100 mm) can dissipate tensile / compressive forces typical of body movement along the length of the fiber and throughout the structure. As a result, the applied force is available to restore the structure to its original state. Longer fiber networks composed of finer fibers (less than about 15 microns to about 20 microns and less than about 2.0 DTex) stretch and compress more easily. As a result, the fluff / AGM structure can be deformed more easily (and to a greater extent), but the energy associated with these deformations is relatively small and insufficient to return the structure to its original state. Thicker fibers, such as those greater than about 2.0 DTex to about 10 DTex, are flexible under the force of the body, but provide sufficient fiber and web recovery energy to return the structure to its original state.

[0046] From a structural standpoint, fiber configuration in filament networks can affect the performance of absorbent articles containing these nonwovens. Filament webs of thicker fibers are typically bulkier than traditional thin spunbond nonwoven webs, which are composed of continuous fine fibers that are closely spaced and physically bonded together. By making a web of thicker fibers arranged in a more randomized orientation, such as can be achieved through carding, hydroentangling, and needling, the fibers can only temporarily adjust their configuration (spaces between fibers exist due to their arrangement) and carry / store deformation forces, and this energy can be used to restore the structure shape.

[0047] Additionally, finer (less than about 2.0 Dtex) synthetic fibers, such as BiCo and PP fibers commonly found in spunbond, are closely spaced, aligned relatively parallel, and intimately bonded to one another. The bonded fibers in these spunbond webs are interconnected (at closely spaced point bonds) such that upon pulling (stretching), the fibers at the polymer level are forced to stretch, which permanently rearranges the polymer chains within the fibers, such that the fibers themselves remain potentially permanently stretched (permanently strained) and can no longer recover to their original state.

[0048] In some configurations, the polymeric fibers in the upper nonwoven layer and the polymeric fibers in the lower nonwoven layer can be different, hi some configurations, the polymeric fibers in the upper nonwoven layer and the polymeric fibers in the lower nonwoven layer can be the same.

[0049] Examples of suitable nonwoven materials include, but are not limited to, the following materials: (i) 40 gsm carded elastic nonwoven material (material code; ATB Z87G-40-90) manufactured by Yanjan China, which is a carded nonwoven composed of a blend of 60% 2DTex and 40% 4DTex BiCo (PE / PET) fibers. These fibers are bonded (by ATB = "hot" air bonding) to form a wet elastic network. The material has a basis weight of 40 gsm and a caliper (under 7 kPa) of about 0.9 mm. Without being limited by theory, it is believed that due to the presence of the 4DTex BiCo fibers and the interfiber bonded BiCo network, the material has a low permanent set (less than about 0.013 mm / mm) and sufficient dry recovery energy (about 0.03 N) in wet and dry CD hypersensitive 3-point bending tests. * (ii) 55 gsm elastic spunlace material (material code: 53FC041001) manufactured by Sandler Germany, which is a hydroentangled nonwoven fabric produced by a carding process (like the nonwoven fabrics described above) followed by hydroentanglement using an elevated drying process (as described in US Patent Publication No. 2020 / 0315873(A1)) that produces both entangled and BiCo-bonded elastic networks. It contains a fiber blend of 30% 10DTex HS-PET, 50% 2.2DTex BiCo (PE / PET), and 20% 1.3DTex rayon. This material therefore exhibits low permanent set (less than about 0.013 mm / mm) and sufficient dry recovery energy (about 0.03 N) in wet and dry CD ultrasensitive 3-point bending tests. *(iii) A 50 gsm elastic spunlace material (material code: 53FC041005 opt82) produced by Sandler Germany, which is a hydroentangled nonwoven fabric produced by a carding process (like the nonwovens mentioned above) followed by hydroentanglement by an elevated drying process (as described in US Patent Publication No. 2020 / 0315873(A1)) that produces both entangled and BiCo-bonded elastic networks. It comprises a fiber blend of 60% 5.8Dtex BiCo (PE / PET), 20% 3.3Dtex trilobal "structure" rayon, and 20% 1.3Dtex rayon. This material therefore exhibits low permanent set (less than about 0.013 mm / mm) and sufficient dry recovery energy (about 0.03 N) in wet and dry CD ultrasensitive 3-point bending tests. * This material has 40% rayon which may soften when wet, but the use of structural trilobal rayon fibers may aid in structural stability in wet conditions.

[0050] In combination with controlling pore size, volume, and number by selecting the appropriate fiber size, basis weight, and degree of compaction, manufacturers may wish to select fiber components to obtain a particular surface chemical property(s), for example, fibers with hydrophobic surfaces, hydrophilic surfaces, or blends of different fibers and / or fibers with z-directional layering or gradients thereof. Fibers with hydrophilic surfaces tend to absorb and move the aqueous components of menstrual fluid along them in a manner that promotes wicking and rapid fluid acquisition after discharge. However, at the same time, the predominance of hydrophilic fiber surfaces in the topsheet may increase the tendency of the topsheet to reacquire fluid from the absorbent components underneath (rewet), which may cause an undesirable wet feel for the user. On the other hand, fibers with hydrophobic surfaces tend to repel the aqueous components of menstrual fluid and / or resist the movement of fluid along their surfaces, thereby resisting wicking, but also resisting rewet. Manufacturers may wish to strike the right balance in selecting component fibers having hydrophilic surfaces, fibers having hydrophobic surfaces, or blends and / or z-direction layering thereof in combination with fiber size, fiber reinforcement level, and resulting topsheet pore size, volume, and number for any particular product design.

[0051] As shown in FIG. 3, the inner core layer 200 is disposed between an upper nonwoven layer 210 and a lower nonwoven layer 220. The inner core layer 200 is manufactured by an air-laying process. A stream of cellulose fibers and AGM is carried by a fast moving air stream and deposited in a three-dimensional shaped pocket on a rotating molding drum with a vacuum underneath to draw the cellulose and AGM into the pocket in a laydown station. This forming pocket provides the actual physical shape of the absorbent core structure. The upper or lower nonwoven may be introduced onto the forming drum first, and under vacuum the upper or lower nonwoven is stretched into the three-dimensional pocket shape. In this case, the stream of cellulose and AGM material is deposited directly onto the upper (or lower) nonwoven material at the forming station. Before entering the forming station, the nonwoven is coated with an adhesive to more firmly connect the cellulose and AGM to the nonwoven layer. Upon exiting the laydown section, the second remaining nonwoven layer is combined with the nonwoven carrying the cellulose and AGM layers exiting the laydown section. This second remaining nonwoven (either the upper or lower nonwoven depending on which nonwoven passes through the laydown section) is pre-coated with adhesive to enable a perimeter seal and better integrate the cellulose and AGM without impeding the flow of liquid to the cellulose and AGM matrix. In another approach, the nonwoven is not introduced to the forming station first, and the cellulose and AGM mass is held on the forming drum under vacuum until it is discharged onto either the upper or lower nonwoven layer coated with adhesive as detailed above, and then sealed with the second remaining nonwoven to form the absorbent core structure. The width of the upper and lower nonwoven webs is selected to be wider than the maximum width of the formed cellulose and AGM matrix, thereby enabling an effective perimeter seal where the two nonwovens connect at least at the left-most and right-most sides of the absorbent core structure.

[0052] The inner core layer may comprise any of a wide variety of liquid absorbent materials commonly used in disposable absorbent articles, such as ground wood pulp, commonly referred to as airfelt. One suitable absorbent core material is an airfelt material available from Weyerhaeuser Company (Washington, USA) under the code number FR516. Examples of other suitable liquid absorbent materials for use in the absorbent core include creped cellulose wadding, meltblown polymers including coform, chemically stiffened, modified, or crosslinked cellulose fibers, synthetic fibers such as crimped polyester fibers, peat moss, cotton, bamboo, absorbent polymer materials, or any equivalent material or combination of materials, or mixtures thereof.

[0053] Absorbent polymer materials for use in absorbent articles typically comprise water-insoluble, water-swellable, hydrogel-forming crosslinked absorbent polymers capable of absorbing large amounts of liquid and retaining such absorbed liquid under moderate pressure.

[0054] The absorbent polymer material for the absorbent core according to the present disclosure may comprise superabsorbent particles, also known as "superabsorbent materials" or "absorbent gelling materials". The absorbent polymer material, typically in particle form, may be selected from among polyacrylates and polyacrylate-based materials, such as partially neutralized cross-linked polyacrylates. The term "particles" refers to granules, fibers, flakes, spheres, powders, platelets, and other shapes and forms known to those skilled in the art of superabsorbent particles. In some aspects, the superabsorbent particles may be in the shape of fibers, i.e., elongated, acicular superabsorbent particles.

[0055] In some configurations, the inner core layer may include cellulose fibers and superabsorbent particles. The inner core layer may include about 50% to about 85%, about 55% to about 80%, or about 60% to about 75% cellulose fibers, all by weight of the inner core layer. The inner core layer may include about 15% to about 50%, about 20% to about 40%, or about 25% to about 35% superabsorbent particles, all by weight of the inner core layer. Preferably, the inner core layer may include about 125 gsm to about 400 gsm cellulose fibers.

[0056] In some configurations, the inner core layer may comprise about 50% to about 85% cellulosic fibers and about 15% to about 50% superabsorbent particles. The resulting absorbent core structure has a density of about 0.045 g / cm 3 ~Approx. 0.15g / cm 3 , and / or 0.045 g / cm 3 ~0.12g / cm 3 The absorbent article may have an average density of about 0.045 g / cm 3 ~Approx. 0.16g / cm 3 The material may have an average density of

[0057] The absorbent core structure may be compressed and may recover its original shape after the compression step. A suitable absorbent core structure requires low force (low resistance) to compress and the structure can recover its shape when the user compresses it cyclically and releases the compressive force with various body movements. To achieve this, the structure maintains sufficient recovery energy following multiple cyclic compressions. Without sufficient recovery energy, the structure remains in a compressed, clumped state with insufficient force (stored energy) to recover.

[0058] As shown in Figures 1, 2A, 2B, 4, and 5, the absorbent core structure may include a plurality of structural bond sites 15. The structural bond sites 15 may be symmetrical and / or asymmetrical and may be any shape, including but not limited to circular, oval, heart, diamond, triangular, square, star, and / or X-shaped. The structural bond sites 15 may be on the absorbent article and / or on the absorbent core structure. In some configurations, the structural bond sites are spaced apart from each other by about 2 mm. 2 ~about 5mm 2 In some configurations, the total structural bond area may be about 0.5% to about 5%, or about 0.75% to about 4.5%, or 1% to about 4% of the absorbent core structure when measured according to the structural bond site pattern spacing and area measurement method. In some configurations, the total structural bond area may be about 1% to about 4% of the absorbent article when measured according to the structural bond site pattern spacing and area measurement method. The average distance between the structural bond sites may be about 10 mm to about 32 mm. In some configurations, the average distance between the structural bond sites may be greater than about 20 mm. In some configurations, the structural bond sites may have a maximum width of about 1 mm to about 6 mm, about 1.5 mm to about 5 mm, or about 2 mm to about 4 mm. Without being limited by theory, it is believed that the average distance between the structural bond sites and / or the size of the structural bond sites may help maintain the structural integrity of the absorbent core structure without creating undesirable stiffness that may inhibit the ability of the absorbent article to conform to the body.

[0059] In some configurations, the structural bond sites may be distributed throughout the absorbent article and / or absorbent core structure, or may be clustered in regions of the absorbent article and / or absorbent core structure. In some configurations, the structural bond sites may be clustered in a middle region of the absorbent article and / or absorbent core structure. In some configurations, the middle region of the absorbent article and / or absorbent core structure may be free of structural bond sites and may be surrounded by areas of structural bond sites and / or embossing.

[0060] In some configurations, the structural bond sites 15 may join the topsheet 110, the upper nonwoven layer 210, the absorbent core structure 10, and the lower nonwoven layer 220. In some configurations, the structural bond sites 15 may join the upper nonwoven layer 210, the absorbent core structure 10, and the lower nonwoven layer 220.

[0061] A suitable absorbent article and / or absorbent core structure may include upper and lower nonwoven layers that are closer to each other in the Z-direction at the structural bond sites, but are not fused to each other. Because these structural bond sites are not fused to each other, they may not be permanent in nature, but rather there may be intermingling of materials within the structural bond sites. In some configurations, the structural bond sites may be substantially free of fused bonds.

[0062] The shape of the structural binding site can be any shape, although preferred shapes may be more elaborate shapes such as asymmetric shapes (versus simple dots).

[0063] The absorbent article 20 may be elastic and conformable, providing an excellent in-use experience without bunching and / or compression. The absorbent article may be subjected to body forces and recover to its original state. The absorbent article has a compressive strength of about 0.07-0.30 N / mm2 when measured by wet and dry CD and MD 3-point bending. 2 , about 0.10~about 0.25N / mm 2 , or about 0.10 to about 0.20 N / mm 2 The CD dry modulus may be

[0064] The absorbent article may have a dry caliper of about 2.0 mm to about 6.0 mm, or about 2.0 mm to about 4.5 mm, or about 2.50 mm to about 4.0 mm, or about 2.75 mm to about 3.5 mm, when measured according to the wet and dry CD and MD three-point method. In some configurations, the absorbent article has a dry caliper of about 0.07 to 0.30 N / mm when measured according to the wet and dry CD and MD three-point method. 2and a dry caliper of about 2.0 mm to about 4.5 mm, or about 0.10 to about 0.25 N / mm 2 and a dry caliper of about 2.50 mm to about 4.0 mm, or about 0.10 to about 0.20 N / mm 2 The absorbent article may have a CD dry modulus of about 2.75 mm to about 3.5 mm and a dry caliper of about 10.0 to about 30.0 N when measured using a wet and dry CD and MD three-point bending method. * mm 2 , or about 10.0 to about 25.0 N * mm 2 , or about 10 to about 20N * mm 2 , or about 13 to about 20N * mm 2 Particularly suitable absorbent articles have a CD dry bending stiffness of about 10.0 to about 30.0 N when measured according to the wet and dry CD and MD three-point method. * mm 2 and a dry caliper of about 2.5 mm to about 4.0 mm, or about 10 to about 25 N * mm 2 and a dry caliper of about 2.5 to 4.0 mm, or about 13 to about 30 N * mm 2 and a dry caliper of about 2.75 mm to about 3.5 mm.

[0065] The absorbent article has a resistance of about 1.0 to about 3.5 N. * mm, or about 1.5 to about 3.0 N * mm, or about 1.5 to about 2.8 N * Particularly suitable absorbent articles may have a fifth cycle wetness recovery energy of about 1.0 to 3.5 N * mm 5th cycle wet recovery energy and about 29% to about 40% 5th cycle wet recovery %, or about 1.5 to about 3.0 N * mm 5th cycle wet recovery energy and about 29% to about 40% 5th cycle wet recovery %, or about 1.5 to about 2.75 N *mm and a 5th Cycle Wet Recovery % of about 29% to about 40%.

[0066] Absorbent articles containing the disclosed absorbent core structures therein may also need to deliver a dry feel to the consumer after the addition of fluid as measured by the light touch rewet method. Absorbent core structures and absorbent articles that meet the above characteristics are designed to more closely and more completely, comfortably and gently conform to the wearer's complex anatomical genital shape. Thus, such absorbent articles may also need to be dry to the touch after excretion so as not to irritate sensitive genital tissues. Thus, the absorbent articles described herein may also maintain a light touch rewet value of less than about 0.15 grams or less than about 0.12 grams, or from about 0 to about 0.15 grams or from about 0 to about 0.12 grams.

[0067] As shown in Figures 2A-2B, the absorbent article 20 further comprises a chassis 100 comprising an absorbent core structure 10. The absorbent core structure 10 and / or the inner core layer 200 may comprise a generally hourglass shape. However, any suitable shape may be used. Some examples include an offset hourglass (where one end is wider than the opposite end and a narrow central section between the ends), a bicycle seat shape (where one end and the central portion are narrower than the second end), etc. The side edges 120 and 125 may follow the overall contour of the absorbent core. Thus, if the absorbent core structure has an hourglass shape, the side edges of the absorbent article 120, 125 may be configured and arranged in an hourglass shape as well. However, it is also contemplated that the side edges 120 and 125 may be generally straight or slightly curved so as not to follow the contour of the absorbent core structure. Further details are provided below. The absorbent article 20 may be symmetrical about a longitudinal centerline 80 or may be asymmetrical about the longitudinal centerline 80. Similarly, the absorbent article 20 may be symmetrical about a lateral centerline 90 or may be asymmetrical about the lateral centerline 90.

[0068] Figure 6 shows a cross-sectional view of an absorbent article 20 according to the present disclosure. Figures 7A and 7B are top views of an absorbent article 20 according to the present disclosure. Figure 8 is an enlarged top view of the flexible bond channel region shown in Figure 7A. Figure 9 is a perspective view of a flexible bond channel region formed in an absorbent article. Figures 10A and 10B are partial cross-sectional views along line 10-10 of Figure 7A of an absorbent article including a flexible bond channel region according to various non-limiting embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0069] As described above and shown in FIG. 6, the absorbent article 20 may comprise a topsheet 110, a backsheet 130, and an absorbent core structure 10 disposed between the topsheet 110 and the backsheet 130. As shown in FIG. 7A, the absorbent article 20 may also comprise one or more flexible bond channel regions 160. At least some or all of the flexible bond channel regions 160 may be permanent channels, meaning that the integrity of the channel is at least partially maintained in both dry and wet conditions. The flexible bond channel regions 160 may be continuous depressions and / or may comprise a series of individually compressed closely spaced flexible bond embossments.

[0070] The flexible coupling channel regions 160 may have any configuration, such as one or more linear shapes extending along the longitudinal centerline 80, one or more curved shapes generally along the longitudinal centerline 80, an ellipse, a rectangle, a triangle, a polygon, or any other shape. In some configurations, the flexible coupling channel regions 160 may extend substantially longitudinally, meaning that each flexible coupling channel region extends more in the longitudinal direction than in the lateral direction, or extends at least twice as far in the longitudinal direction as in the lateral direction (when measured after projecting on the respective axes). In some configurations, the flexible coupling channel regions 160 may extend substantially laterally, meaning that each flexible coupling channel region extends more in the lateral direction than in the longitudinal direction, or extends at least twice as far in the lateral direction as in the longitudinal direction (when measured after projecting on the respective axes).

[0071] In some configurations, the absorbent article 20 may comprise an inner flexible bond channel region 161 and an outer flexible bond channel region 162. The inner flexible bond channel region 161 and the outer flexible bond channel region 162 may function as hinge structures in the absorbent article, which may allow the absorbent article to flex both longitudinally and laterally, thereby helping to better conform to the wearer's anatomy. The inner flexible bond channel region 161 and the outer flexible bond channel region 162 may also function as a visual signal of the fluid barrier.

[0072] The inner flexible bond channel regions 161 may be curved and / or arcuate and may extend substantially parallel to the longitudinal centerline 80 of the absorbent article. In other configurations, the inner flexible bond channel regions 161 may be substantially straight. In some configurations, the inner flexible bond channel regions 161 may be concave toward the longitudinal centerline 80, such that they curve toward the longitudinal centerline 80, as depicted in FIG. 7B for a pair of inner flexible bond channel regions 161, 161′, for example. The inner flexible bond channel regions 161 may also be convex, so that they curve away from the longitudinal centerline 80, or have any other suitable arrangement.

[0073] The absorbent article 20 and the absorbent core structure 10 each include a front end region 21, a rear end region 23, and an intermediate region 22 disposed intermediate the front and rear end regions. The intermediate region 22 may include an intermediate use region 175. An inner flexible bond channel region 161 may be present in the intermediate region 22, or a portion thereof, as well as in a portion of the front end region 21 and / or the rear end region 23. In some configurations, the inner flexible bond channel region 161 may extend longitudinally from the front end region 21 to the rear end region 23. The absorbent article 20 may include one or more inner flexible bond channel regions 161, for example, two, three, four, five, or six.

[0074] In some configurations, the inner flexible bond channel regions 161 may be disposed at least in the intermediate region 22 and may form a closed loop that substantially surrounds the intermediate use region 175, for example, as shown in FIG. 7A. In some configurations, the absorbent article may comprise a pair of inner flexible bond channel regions 161, 161', with at least a portion of the intermediate use region 175 disposed between the pair of inner flexible bond channel regions. When the inner flexible bond channel regions 161, 161' are present as a symmetrical pair about the longitudinal centerline 80, the inner flexible bond channel regions 161, 161' may be spaced apart from one another throughout their longitudinal dimension (e.g., as shown in FIG. 7B). In some configurations, the inner flexible bond channel regions 161 may be spaced apart by a distance of at least about 10 mm so as not to impart localized stiffness to the space between the inner flexible bond channel regions. In some configurations, the distance between the inner flexible bond channel regions, measured in a direction parallel to the lateral centerline 90 from the inner edge of one inner flexible bond channel region to the inner edge of the opposing inner flexible bond channel region, may be from about 10 mm to about 45 mm, from about 12 mm to about 30 mm, or from about 15 mm to about 25 mm.

[0075] The absorbent article may include structural bond sites 15 and flexible bond channel regions 160. In some configurations, the intermediate use region 175 may be substantially free of structural bond sites 15, as shown in Figure 7A, and may be at least partially surrounded by regions of structural bond sites and / or flexible bond channel regions. It should be understood that the absorbent article shown in Figure 7B may also include structural bond sites 15 as described above.

[0076] As shown in Figures 7A and 7B, the absorbent article 20 may include an outer flexible bond channel region 162 to further increase the flexibility and fit of the absorbent article and / or to help provide a visual signal of a fluid barrier. The above description of the flexible bond channel region 160 and / or the inner flexible bond channel region 161 may be equally applicable to the outer flexible bond channel region 162. In some configurations, to reduce the risk of fluid leakage, the outer flexible bond channel region 162 may be disposed between the absorbent core structure perimeter 10a and the inner core layer perimeter 200a, as shown, for example, in Figure 7A. The outer flexible bond channel region 162 may be disposed outside the inner core layer perimeter 200a and may at least partially surround the inner core layer 200. In such a configuration, the outer flexible bond channel region 162 may compress the topsheet and the upper nonwoven layer toward the lower nonwoven layer, without the inner core layer being present between them. In some configurations, the distance between the outer edge of the outer flexible bond channel region 162 and the absorbent core structure perimeter 10a may be at least 3 mm, or from about 3 mm to about 8 mm, or from about 5 mm to about 6 mm. In other configurations, the outer flexible bond channel region 162 may be positioned inside the inner core layer perimeter 200a and may compress the topsheet, upper nonwoven layer, and inner core layer toward the lower nonwoven layer, as shown, for example, in FIG. 7B.

[0077] In some configurations, the outer flexible bond channel region 162 may include a closed loop surrounding the inner flexible bond channel region 161. In such configurations, the distance "X" between the inner flexible bond channel region 161 and the outer flexible bond channel region 162 may be about 10 mm to about 30 mm, about 12 mm to about 25 mm, or about 15 mm to about 20 mm, as measured in a direction parallel to the lateral centerline 90 from the inner edge of the outer flexible bond channel region 162 to the outer edge of the inner flexible bond channel region 161, as shown in FIG. 7A. In other configurations, the outer flexible bond channel region 162 may include a pair of outer flexible bond channel regions disposed outboard of the inner flexible bond channel region 161. In such configurations, the distance between the inner flexible bond channel region 161 and the outer flexible bond channel region 162 may vary along the longitudinal lengths of the inner and outer flexible bond channel regions 161, 162, with the maximum distance X' between the inner and outer flexible bond channel regions 161, 162 being between about 4 mm and about 15 mm, between about 6 mm and about 12 mm, or between about 8 mm and about 10 mm, as measured in a direction parallel to the lateral centerline 90 from the outer edge of the outer flexible bond channel region 162 to the outer edge of the inner flexible bond channel region 161. In some configurations, the inner flexible bond channel region 161 may be concave and the outer flexible bond channel region 162 may be convex, which may help improve the fit of the absorbent article by allowing the intermediate region to be closer to the wearer's anatomy.

[0078] As shown in FIG. 7B, the absorbent article may include one or more lateral auxiliary flexible bond channel regions 170. The lateral auxiliary flexible bond channel regions 170 may have a long dimension oriented primarily laterally or may be substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal centerline 80 of the absorbent article 20. The lateral auxiliary flexible bond channel regions 170 may function as lateral hinge structures that may allow the absorbent article to flex laterally and thereby conform to the wearer's anatomy, and / or may function as visual barrier mechanisms. The description of the flexible bond channel regions 160 provided herein may be equally applicable to the lateral auxiliary flexible bond channel regions 170. The lateral auxiliary flexible bond channel regions 170 may be disposed in the front end region 21, the intermediate region 22, and / or the rear end region 23. The lateral supplemental flexible bond channel region 170 may have any configuration, such as one or more straight shapes extending along the lateral centerline 90, one or more curved shapes generally along the lateral centerline 90, an oval, a rectangle, a triangle, a polygon, an inverted V-shape, or any other shape. In some configurations, the lateral supplemental flexible bond channel region 170 may be disposed longitudinally outboard of the outer flexible bond channel region 162 and / or the inner flexible bond channel region 161. The lateral supplemental flexible bond channel region 170 may have a length of about 10 mm to about 60 mm, about 15 mm to about 40 mm, or about 25 mm to about 35 mm, as measured from a first end of the supplemental flexible bond channel region to a second end of the supplemental flexible bond channel region, following the curve of the supplemental flexible bond channel region. In some configurations, the lateral secondary flexible bond channel region 170 may be distinct and separate from the inner and outer flexible bond channel regions 161, 162, as suggested in FIG. 7B.

[0079] 7B, the absorbent article 20 may include a front flexible bond channel region 190 disposed in the front end region 21 and / or a rear flexible bond channel region 192 formed in the rear end region 23. The description of the flexible bond channel region 160 provided herein may be equally applicable to the front flexible bond channel region 190 and / or the rear flexible bond channel region 192. The front flexible bond channel region 190 and the rear flexible bond channel region 192 may be generally U-shaped and may be disposed outside the inner flexible bond channel region 161, the outer flexible bond channel region 162, and / or the lateral auxiliary flexible bond channel region 170. In some configurations, the front flexible bond channel region 190 may extend from the front end region 21 to a location adjacent the outer flexible bond channel region 162 in the intermediate region 22. In some configurations, the rear flexible bond channel region 192 may extend from the rear end region 23 to a location adjacent the outer flexible bond channel region 162 in the intermediate region 22. As shown, the front flexible bond channel region 190 and the rear flexible bond channel region 192 may be discontinuous, e.g., separate and not joined to the outer flexible bond channel region 162 or the inner flexible bond channel region 161. It is believed that the front flexible bond channel region 190 and the rear flexible bond channel region 192 may help provide comfort and fit to the absorbent article 20 in the front end region 21 and the rear end region 23.

[0080] The flexible bonded channel region 160 may be continuous or discontinuous. In this specification, "discontinuous" means that the flexible bonded channel region may be separated by a non-channel region (i.e., a region where no channel is formed). The distance between two consecutive flexible bonded channel regions (i.e., the length of the non-channel portion) may be changed depending on the product design. Without being limited by theory, it is believed that having a non-channel region between, for example, the end of the front flexible bonded channel region 190 and the end of the outer flexible bonded channel 162, or between the inner flexible bonded channel region 161 and the outer flexible bonded channel region 162, may help to avoid the generation of undesirable stiffness and may help to provide improved flexibility and fit of the absorbent article.

[0081] In some configurations, the inner flexible bond channel region 161 and / or the outer flexible bond channel region 162 may be continuous. In some configurations, the inner flexible bond channel region 161 may be discontinuous and the outer flexible bond channel region 162 may be continuous. The flexible bond channel region 160 may have a minimum channel length of about 50 mm, as measured from a first end of the flexible bond channel region to a second end of the flexible bond channel region according to the curve of the flexible bond channel region. Without being limited by theory, it is believed that if the flexible bond channel region is less than about 50 mm, the length of the flexible bond channel region may be insufficient to provide sufficient multi-directional flexibility to create the desired flexion in the absorbent article to allow the absorbent article to fit snugly to the body. It is believed that a flexible bond channel region having a channel length of at least 50 mm can sufficiently influence the adjacent non-channel region, thereby allowing the absorbent article to fit snugly and conformably to the body. The flexible bond channel region 160 can have a height of about 50 mm to about 400 mm, about 60 mm to about 350 mm, about 75 mm to about 300 mm, or about 100 mm to about 200 mm.

[0082] In some configurations, the inner flexible bond channel region 161 may form a closed loop defining a central channel zone 180, for example as shown in FIG. 7A. The central channel zone 180 may have a longitudinal length "LZ" as measured in a direction parallel to the longitudinal axis from a first outermost point of the inner flexible bond channel region 161 to a longitudinally opposite second outermost point of the inner flexible bond channel region 161. The longitudinal length "LZ" of the central channel zone may be about 50% to about 90% of the inner core longitudinal length "LC", or about 60% to about 75% of the inner core longitudinal length "LC".

[0083] In some configurations, the flexible bond channel region 160 may have a channel area that is about 10 to about 20% of the inner core layer area.

[0084] Referring to FIG. 8, the flexible bond channel area 160 may include a plurality of closely spaced, but closely spaced, flexible bond embossments 160a. Flexible bond land areas 163 are disposed between adjacent flexible bond embossments 160a. The flexible bond embossments 160a may have an embossment length "L" of about 1.0 mm to about 4.0 mm, about 1.5 to about 3.75 mm, or about 2.0 to about 3.5 mm, as measured according to the Flexible Bond Embossment Length Method. The flexible bond channel embossments 160a may have a width "W1" of about 1.0 to about 3.0 mm, about 1.25 to about 2.5 mm, or about 1.5 to about 2.0 mm, at the upper surface of the topsheet. The length "S" of the flexible bond land area 163 between adjacent flexible bond embossments 160a may be from about 0.5 mm to about 4 mm, from about 1.0 mm to about 3 mm, or from about 1.5 mm to about 2.5 mm, as measured according to the Flexible Bond Land Area Length Method. Without being limited by theory, it is believed that the combination of the length and width of the flexible bond embossments and / or the length "S" of the flexible bond land area between the flexible bond embossments can allow the flexible bond channel area to bend / flex in multiple directions, providing a consumer-pleasing visual barrier while still maintaining the overall flexibility and fit of the absorbent article.

[0085] In some configurations, the flexible bond embossments 160a may extend substantially parallel to the longitudinal centerline 80 of the absorbent article. In other configurations, the flexible bond embossments 160a may extend substantially parallel to the lateral centerline 90 of the absorbent article.

[0086] In some configurations, the flexible bond embossments 160a may be evenly spaced apart. In some configurations, at least some of the flexible bond embossments 160a may be grouped into clusters of two, three, or four or more flexible bond embossments, as shown in FIG. 7B, with spacing between the clusters of about 2 mm to about 8 mm, or about 3 mm to about 6 mm. Without being limited by theory, it is believed that such clusters of flexible bond embossments may help provide increased flexibility in the flexible bond channel regions, both laterally and longitudinally, and / or may help improve fluid handling, since fluids may flow through the spacing between the clusters to other regions of the absorbent core structure.

[0087] FIG. 9 shows a perspective view illustrating a flexible bond channel region 160 in an absorbent article, the flexible bond channel region 160 including a plurality of flexible bond embossments 160a. The thickness "T2" of the flexible bond land region 163 may be about 50% to about 70% of the thickness "T" of the absorbent article. Without being limited by theory, it is believed that reducing the thickness of the absorbent article in the z-direction along the length of the flexible bond channel region (including the flexible bond land area) may help to create effective preferential bending lines that allow the absorbent article to conform closely to the body in a preferred location and / or help to create an effective visual barrier feature that is easily seen by the user. A no-channel region 172 is disposed adjacent to the flexible bond channel region 160. The flexible bond embossments 160a may have an embossment area that is about 22% to about 65% of the flexible bond channel region area.

[0088] In contrast to the flexible bonded channel regions described herein, current absorbent articles for menstrual applications may include a series of point-like dimples, whereby the material between the dimple points in the z-direction recovers to a degree that prevails relative to the uncompressed thickness of the non-channeled regions. In such structures, the channel depth between the dimple points may be less than about 10% to about 25% of the channel depth at the embossed points. Without being limited by theory, it is believed that such point-like dimples may not form effective bend lines to closely conform the article to the body. Other current absorbent articles may include small physical bond points with relatively large spacing between the bond points. Without being limited by theory, it is believed that when the physical bond points are relatively small (e.g., less than about 0.5 mm wide) and well spaced apart (e.g., more than about 1 to 4 mm), these physical bond points are insufficient to reproducibly drive the fit / bend direction of the absorbent article. To establish a reproducible and effective fit / bend direction, it is believed that sufficient mass should be displaced in the z-direction and be consistently thinned throughout a substantial portion of the channel region to effectively drive preferred consistent bending characteristics.

[0089] Typically, the flexible bond channel area 160 may be formed by applying a compressive force to the topsheet 110, the upper nonwoven layer 210, the inner core layer 200, and the lower nonwoven layer 220. The topsheet in the flexible bond channel area is pressed down into the absorbent core structure, and the material of the topsheet and the absorbent core structure is compressed at the bottom and below the flexible bond channel area. This operation (often called an "embossing process") causes the flexible bond channel area of ​​the absorbent article to have a relatively higher density than the non-channel area. As a result of the compression, the flexible bond channel area 160 may be formed to have an elongated depression, such as a modified trough shape, having a pair of opposing side walls 165 and a bottom surface 166, as shown in Figures 10A and 10B.

[0090] In some configurations, a compressive force is applied to the topsheet 110, the upper nonwoven layer 210, and the lower nonwoven layer 220 to create flexible bond channel regions 160 in areas that do not have the inner core layer. The flexible bond channel regions of the present disclosure can be formed by any structure and process known in the art.

[0091] The flexible bond channel region 160 may be formed by applying a uniform (or single level) compressive force. In some configurations, the flexible bond channel region 160 may be formed by applying two or more levels of compressive force, thereby forming a stage channel configuration, for example as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,563,013. In a stage channel configuration, the flexible bond channel region may comprise opposing sidewalls, a first portion forming a first bottom surface, and a second portion forming a second bottom surface, where the second bottom surface is below the first bottom surface, and the second portion may be separate and may be surrounded by the first portion.

[0092] 10A and 10B, the wearer-facing surface 20A of the absorbent article 20 may comprise a flexible bond channel region 160 having a dry channel depth "D" as measured according to the Flexible Bond Channel Depth Method. The dry channel depth "D" of the flexible bond channel region 160 may be from about 1.0 mm to about 4.0 mm, from about 1.5 mm to about 3.5 mm, or from about 2.0 to about 3.0 mm. The flexible bond channel region may have a channel depth of at least 1.0 mm. In some configurations, the dry channel depth "D" of the flexible bond channel region 160 may be from about 20% to about 80% of the absorbent article thickness "T", or from about 25% to about 70% of the absorbent article thickness "T". The thickness of the absorbent article is measured according to the Flexible Bond Channel Depth Method. Without being limited by theory, it is believed that the flexible bond channel region 160 having the dry channel depths described herein can provide improved body fit, good fluid barrier, and / or aesthetic visual barrier effects.

[0093] 10B, in some configurations, the outwardly facing surface 20B of the absorbent article 20 may have a flexible bond recessed region 164 having a dry channel depth "D1" as measured from the perimeter area of ​​the outwardly facing surface 20B to the bottom wall 168 of the flexible bond recess. The dry channel depth "D1" of the flexible bond recessed region 164 may be from about 1.0 mm to about 4.0 mm, from about 1.5 mm to about 3.5 mm, or from about 2.0 to about 3 mm. In certain configurations, the dry channel depth "D1" of the flexible bond recessed region 164 at the outwardly facing surface 20B may be from about 15% to about 80% of the thickness "T" of the absorbent article, or from about 25% to about 70% of the thickness "T" of the absorbent article. The outwardly facing surface 20B of the absorbent article 20 may not be directly contacted by the embossing device during embossing, but may create flexible bond recessed areas 164. Without being limited by theory, it is believed that the flexible bond recessed areas 164 of the outwardly facing surface 20B may form from stretching of the topsheet and absorbent core structure. Following embossing and removal of the embossing device, recovery of the material forming the topsheet and absorbent core structure may pull or draw the material back towards the wearer-facing surface 20A.

[0094] The flexible bond channel region 160 may have a channel thickness "T1" of less than about 2.5 mm, or from about 0.5 mm to about 2.5 mm, or from about 1.0 mm to about 2.0 mm.

[0095] The flexible bond channel region 160 may have a channel width "A" at the base of the channel of about 1.0 mm to about 3.0 mm, about 1.25 to about 2.5 mm, or about 1.5 to about 2.0 mm, as measured according to the Flexible Bond Channel Width Method. The flexible bond recess region 164 may have a lateral channel width "A'" at the base of the recess of about 1.0 mm to about 3.0 mm, about 1.25 to about 2.5 mm, or about 1.5 to about 2.0 mm.

[0096] In some configurations, the maximum width of the structural bond site 15 may be greater than the channel width "A" of the flexible bond channel region 160. Without being limited by theory, it is believed that if the channel width "A" of the flexible bond channel region 160 is greater than the maximum width of the structural bond site 15, it may result in stiffness that may hinder the ability of the absorbent core structure and / or absorbent article to conform closely to the body.

[0097] The flexible bond channel area 160 has a resistance of about 0.3 g / cm 3 Less than or about 0.05 g / cm 3 ~about 0.3g / cm 3 , or about 0.1 g / cm 3 ~Approx. 0.25g / cm 3 Without being limited by theory, the channel density may be about 0.3 g / cm 3 It is believed that a channel density less than 0.05 mm will plastically deform the inner core layer such that the flexible bonding channel region remains in compression, while still allowing the flexible bonding channel region to bend both laterally and longitudinally.

[0098] The flexible bond channel regions 160 may have a dry MD bending resistance, as measured according to the Flexible Bond Channel MD Bending Resistance Method, of less than about 0.04 N / mm, or from about 0.005 to about 0.035 N / mm, or from about 0.1 to about 0.030 N / mm. Without being limited by theory, it is believed that flexible bond channel regions having a dry MD bending resistance of more than about 0.04 N / mm may create stiffness that may impede the ability of the absorbent core structure and / or absorbent article to conform to the body in both the longitudinal and lateral directions simultaneously.

[0099] The flexible bond channel region 160 may have a dry flexible bond CD bending resistance of about 0.005 N / mm to about 0.30 N / mm, or about 0.01 N / mm to about 0.25 N / mm. The flexible bond channel region may have a CD bending resistance index of about 1.1 to about 3.0, about 1.2 to about 2.5, or about 1.5 to about 2.0.

[0100] Top sheet The topsheet 110 may be formed from any suitable nonwoven web or formed film material. Referring again to the Figures, the topsheet 110 is positioned adjacent to the wearer-facing surface 20A of the absorbent layer 20 and may be joined to surface 20A and to the backsheet 130 by any suitable attachment or bonding method. The topsheet 110 and backsheet 130 may be directly bonded to each other in the outer peripheral area around the periphery of the absorbent core structure, or may be indirectly bonded by being directly bonded to the wearer-facing and outer-facing surfaces of the absorbent article, respectively, or to additional optional layers included in the absorbent article.

[0101] The absorbent article 20 may have any known or otherwise effective topsheet 110 that is compliant, soft feeling, and non-irritating to the wearer's skin. Suitable topsheet materials include liquid permeable materials that are comfortable in contact with the wearer's skin and allow expelled menstrual fluid to penetrate rapidly therethrough. Some suitable examples of topsheet materials include films, nonwovens, and laminate structures including, for example, film / nonwoven layers, film / film layers, and nonwoven / nonwoven layers.

[0102] Non-limiting examples of nonwoven web materials that may be suitable for use in forming the topsheet 110 include fibrous materials made from natural fibers, modified natural fibers, synthetic fibers, or combinations thereof. Some suitable examples are described in U.S. Patent Nos. 4,950,264, 4,988,344, 4,988,345, 3,978,185, 7,785,690, 7,838,099, 5,792,404, and 5,665,452.

[0103] The topsheet 110 may be compliant, soft feeling, and non-irritating to the wearer's skin. Additionally, the topsheet 110 may be liquid permeable, allowing liquids (e.g., urine, menses) to readily penetrate through its thickness. Some suitable examples of topsheet materials include films, nonwovens, and laminated structures including, for example, film / nonwoven layers, film / film layers, and nonwoven / nonwoven layers. Other exemplary topsheet materials and designs are disclosed in U.S. Patent Application Publication Nos. 2016 / 0129661, 2016 / 0167334, and 2016 / 0278986.

[0104] In some examples, the topsheet 110 may include tufts as described in U.S. Patent No. 8,728,049, U.S. Patent No. 7,553,532, U.S. Patent No. 7,172,801, U.S. Patent No. 8,440,286, U.S. Patent No. 7,648,752, and U.S. Patent No. 7,410,683. The topsheet 20 may have a pattern of individual hair-like fibrils as described in U.S. Patent No. 7,655,176 or U.S. Patent No. 7,402,723. Additional examples of suitable topsheet materials include those disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 8,614,365, U.S. Patent No. 8,704,036, U.S. Patent No. 6,025,535, and U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2015 / 041640. Another suitable topsheet may be formed from a three-dimensional substrate as detailed in U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2017 / 0258647. The topsheet may have one or more layers, as described in U.S. Patent Application Publication Nos. 2016 / 0167334, 2016 / 0166443, and 2017 / 0258651.

[0105] In some examples, the topsheet 110 may be formed from a nonwoven web material that includes monocomponent continuous fibers, or alternatively, a spunbond web that includes bicomponent or multicomponent fibers, or a blend of monocomponent fibers spun from different polymer resins, or any combination thereof. The topsheet may also be a molded nonwoven topsheet such as those disclosed in U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2019 / 0380887.

[0106] To ensure that fluids contacting the top (wearer-facing) surface of the topsheet can be suitably and quickly transferred in the z-direction to the bottom (outer-facing) surface of the topsheet where they can be drawn into the absorbent layer, it can be important to ensure that the nonwoven web material forming the topsheet has an appropriate weight / volume density, which reflects the suitable presence of interstitial passages (also called "pores") in and between the constituent fibers through which fluids can move within the nonwoven material. In some circumstances, a nonwoven fabric with fibers that are too tightly consolidated can have an insufficient number and / or volume and / or size of pores, which will hinder rather than promote rapid downward z-direction fluid movement. On the other hand, a nonwoven fabric with fibers that are too large and / or not consolidated to provide a certain level of opacity (for the purpose of hiding fluids absorbed in the layers below) and a fair appearance can be perceived negatively by the user.

[0107] The caliper of the topsheet material may be controlled to balance the competing needs of opacity and loft (requiring a higher caliper) and limiting the z-direction distance that exuded fluid must travel through the topsheet from the wearer-facing surface to the outward-facing surface to reach the underlying absorbent core component. Thus, it may be desirable for the manufacture of topsheet materials to be controlled to produce topsheet materials having a caliper of from about 0.20 mm to about 1.0 mm, from about 0.25 mm to about 0.80 mm, or from about 0.30 mm to about 0.60 mm.

[0108] Supplemental Top Sheet (STS) An STS layer may, in some circumstances, be included between the topsheet and the absorbent core structure to enable the absorbent core structure to readily receive a sudden gush of fluid and then wick it up along the x and y directions and distribute it across the underlying absorbent core structure.

[0109] If included, the STS may be a nonwoven fibrous structure that may include cellulosic fibers, non-cellulosic fibers (e.g., fibers spun from polymeric resins), or blends thereof. To accommodate folding and lateral gathering of the absorbent article 20 and absorbent core structure 10, as described herein, the STS may be formed from a material that is relatively flexible (i.e., has a relatively low bending stiffness).

[0110] Some specific examples of suitable STS compositions and structures, and combinations thereof with suitable topsheet compositions and structures, are further described in U.S. Patent Application Nos. 16 / 831,862, 16 / 831,854, 16 / 832,270, 16 / 831,865, 16 / 831,868, 16 / 831,870 and 16 / 831,879, and U.S. Provisional Patent Application Nos. 63 / 086,610 and 63 / 086,701. Additional suitable examples are described in U.S. Patent No. 9,504,613, WO 2012 / 040315, and U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2019 / 0021917.

[0111] In some configurations, the absorbent article may not include a secondary topsheet.

[0112] Back sheet The backsheet 130 may be positioned below or adjacent to the outwardly facing surface of the absorbent core structure 10 and may be joined to that surface by any suitable attachment method. For example, the backsheet 130 may be secured to the absorbent core structure 10 by a uniform continuous layer of adhesive, a patterned layer of adhesive, or an array of discrete lines, spirals or dots of adhesive. Alternatively, the attachment method may include thermal bonding, pressure bonding, ultrasonic bonding, dynamic mechanical bonding, or any other suitable attachment mechanism, or combinations thereof. In other examples, it is contemplated that the absorbent core structure 10 is not directly joined to the backsheet 130.

[0113] The backsheet 130 may be impermeable or substantially impermeable to aqueous liquids (e.g., urine, menstrual fluid) and may be fabricated from a thin plastic film, although other flexible, liquid impermeable materials may be used. As used herein, the term "flexible" refers to a material that is flexible and readily conforms to the general shape and contours of the human body. The backsheet 130 may prevent, or at least substantially prevent, fluids absorbed and contained within the absorbent core structure 10 from escaping and reaching articles of the wearer's clothing that may come into contact with the absorbent article 20, such as underwear and other garments. However, while in some instances the backsheet 130 allows vapors to escape from the absorbent core structure 10 (i.e., the backsheet is made to be breathable), in other instances the backsheet 130 may be made to not allow vapors to escape (i.e., made to be non-breathable). Thus, the backsheet 130 may comprise a polymeric film, such as a thermoplastic film of polyethylene or polypropylene. A suitable material for the backsheet 130 is a thermoplastic film having a thickness of, for example, from about 0.012 mm (0.5 mil) to about 0.051 mm (2.0 mil). Any suitable backsheet known in the art may be utilized with the present invention.

[0114] Some suitable examples of materials suitable for forming the backsheet are described in U.S. Patent Nos. 5,885,265, 4,342,314, and 4,463,045. Suitable single-layer breathable backsheets for use herein include, for example, those described in British Patent Nos. A2184389, A2184390, and A2184391, U.S. Patent Nos. 4,591,523, 3,989,867, and 3,156,242, International Publication No. WO 97 / 24097, and U.S. Patent Nos. 6,623,464, 6,664,439, and 6,436,508.

[0115] The backsheet 130 may have two layers, a first layer comprising a vapor-permeable apertured formed film layer and a second layer comprising a breathable microporous film layer, as described in U.S. Patent No. 6,462,251. Other suitable examples of dual or multi-layer breathable backsheets for use herein include those described in U.S. Patent Nos. 3,881,489, 4,341,216, 4,713,068, 4,818,600, European Patent Application Publication Nos. 203821, 710 471, 710472, and 0793952.

[0116] Other features In some configurations, the absorbent article 20 may include an adhesive deposit to provide a mechanism for a user to adhere the absorbent article to the inside crotch region of an undergarment. When the absorbent article 20 is packaged for shipping, handling and storage prior to use, the adhesive deposit may be covered by one or more sheets of release film or paper (not shown) which covers / shields the adhesive deposit from contacting other surfaces until the user removes the release film or paper and places the absorbent article in an undergarment for wear / use.

[0117] In some configurations, the absorbent article 20 may include opposing wing portions 140, 150 (FIG. 2A) on each side that extend laterally beyond the longitudinal edges of the absorbent portion of the absorbent article by a width dimension that is relatively larger than the width dimensions of the front and rear portions of the absorbent article. Wings are currently commonly provided on feminine hygiene absorbent articles. As provided, they typically have an adhesive deposit applied to their outer-facing surfaces (the surfaces facing outward prior to placement of the absorbent article in the user's undergarment and application of the wings). The wing portions may also include an adhesive deposit as described above, which allows the user to wrap the wing portions around the inner edges of the undergarment through the leg openings of the undergarment and adhere the wing portions to the outer-facing surface / underside of the undergarment in the crotch region, providing additional retention support for the absorbent article and helping to protect the undergarment adjacent the leg edges of the undergarment from soiling.

[0118] Test Method Target demographic For any of the following methods in which not all constituent layers of the article are tested, the layers of interest may be separated from the layers not being tested, if necessary, using cryospray.

[0119] Breaking Strain Method The force versus displacement behavior of the samples is measured on a universal constant rate of extension test frame equipped with a load cell that measures forces within 1% to 99% of the cell's limits (a suitable instrument is MTS Alliance using TestSuite Software, available from MTS Systems Corp., Eden Prairie, Minn., or equivalent). Samples are subjected to a constant rate of tensile extension (mm / sec) until break, and the percent strain at break is measured. All tests are performed in a conditioned room at 23° C.±3° C. and 50%±2% relative humidity, and test samples are conditioned in this environment for at least 2 hours prior to testing.

[0120] The fixtures used to grip the test specimens are light-weight (less than 80 grams) vice action clamps with gripping faces of half-cylindrical steel to rubber-coated steel at least 40 mm wide. The fixtures are mounted on a universal testing frame and are aligned horizontally and vertically with respect to each other.

[0121] The test specimens are prepared as follows: If necessary, the test material is obtained by cutting from the absorbent article. The test material is cut without any contamination or deformation of the material layer in the process. The test specimen is cut from an area of ​​the test material that does not contain folds or wrinkles. The test specimen is 100 mm long (parallel to the transverse or intended transverse axis of the article) and 25.4 mm wide (parallel to the longitudinal or intended longitudinal axis of the article). Similarly, five replicate test specimens are prepared.

[0122] The universal test frame is prepared as follows: The initial inter-grip separation distance is set to the nominal gauge length of 80 mm, then the crosshead is zeroed. To ensure that there is no pretension in the specimen at the start of the test, the test frame is programmed to move the grips closer together by an intentional slack of 1 mm. (During this movement, the specimen slackens between the grips). The grips then move apart at a slack rate of 1 mm / sec until a slack preload of 0.05 N is exceeded. (At this point, the crosshead position signal is used to calculate the sample slack, the adjusted gauge length, and define the strain as zero, i.e., 0.0). The grips then move apart at a rate of 1 mm / sec until the sample breaks or the extension limit of the instrument is exceeded.

[0123] The test is performed by inserting the specimen into the grips so that the long axis of the specimen is parallel to and centered over the crosshead motion. The test is started and force ("load") and displacement data are collected continuously at a data collection rate of 100 Hz.

[0124] A graph of load (N) versus displacement (mm) is prepared. The peak load is determined from the curve and then the break sensitivity is determined as follows: The crosshead position at which the load signal decreases by 75% after the peak load is reached is determined and recorded to the nearest 0.01 mm as the final specimen length (Lf); The initial specimen length is defined by the crosshead position when the slack preload of 0.05 N is exceeded and this value is recorded to the nearest 0.01 mm as the initial specimen length (Li); The percent break strain is calculated as follows and recorded to the nearest 1 percent: Breaking strain % = ((Lf-Li) / Li) * 100

[0125] Repeat this procedure for all five replicate specimens in the same manner. Calculate the arithmetic mean of the % strain at break for the five replicate specimens and report it as % strain at break to the nearest percent.

[0126] Wet and dry CD and MD 3-point bending method Flexural properties of absorbent article test samples are measured on a universal constant rate of extension test frame equipped with a load cell that measures forces within 1% to 99% of the cell's limits (a suitable instrument is MTS Alliance using TestSuite Software, or equivalent, available from MTS Systems Corp., Eden Prairie, MN). Tests are performed on dry and wet specimens. The intent of this method is to mimic the deformations produced in the xy plane by the wearer of an absorbent article during normal use. All testing is performed in a controlled room at 23°C ± 3°C and 50% ± 2% relative humidity.

[0127] The bottom stationary fixture consists of two cylindrical bars made of polished stainless steel, 3.175 mm in diameter and 110 mm in length, mounted at each end with frictionless rolling bearings. The two bars are mounted horizontally and aligned back-to-back and parallel to each other, with the top radii of the bars aligned vertically, and are free to rotate around the diameter of the cylinder by frictionless bearings. The fixture further allows the two bars to be moved horizontally away from each other on a track so that a gap can be set between them while maintaining their orientation. The upper fixture consists of a third cylindrical bar, also made of polished stainless steel, 3.175 mm in diameter and 110 mm in length, mounted at each end with frictionless rolling bearings. When in position, the bars of the upper fixture are parallel to and aligned back-to-back with the bars of the lower fixture, and are centered between the bars of the lower fixture. Both fixtures include an integral adapter suitable for mating with a respective location on the universal test frame and fixing them in place so that the bars are perpendicular to the movement of the cross beam of the test frame.

[0128] Set the gap ("span") between each bar of the lower fixture to 25mm ± 0.5mm (from center of bar to center of bar) with the center of the upper bar aligned with the midpoint between each lower bar. Set the gauge (from the bottom of the upper bar to the top of the lower bar) to 1.0 cm.

[0129] The thickness ("caliper") of the test specimen is measured with a manual micrometer equipped with a foot press capable of applying a constant pressure of 0.1 psi ± 0.01 psi. The manual micrometer is a deadweight instrument with an accurate reading to 0.01 mm. A suitable instrument is the Mitutoyo Series 543 ID-C Digimatic, available from VWR International, or equivalent. The foot press is a flat-faced circular movable surface having a diameter of 25.4 mm or less. The test specimen is supported by a horizontal flat reference platform larger than and parallel to the surface of the foot press. The micrometer is zeroed against the horizontal flat reference platform. The test specimen is placed on the platform and centered under the foot press. The foot press is lowered by hand at a rate of 3 ± 1 mm / sec until the full weight pressure is applied to the specimen. After 5 seconds, the thickness is recorded as the caliper to the nearest 0.01 mm.

[0130] The test fluid used to administer to the wetted specimens is prepared by adding 100.0 grams of sodium chloride (reagent grade, any convenient source) to 900 grams of deionized water in a 1 liter Erlenmeyer flask. Stir until the sodium chloride is completely dissolved.

[0131] Condition absorbent article samples at 23°C ± 3°C and 50% ± 2% relative humidity for 2 hours prior to testing. Dry specimens are taken from areas of the sample that are free of seams and remaining folds or wrinkles, ideally from the center of the absorbent article (the intersection of the longitudinal and transverse centerlines). Dry specimens are prepared for MD (machine direction) bending by cutting them 50.8 mm wide along the CD (transverse direction, i.e., parallel to the transverse axis of the sample) and 50.8 mm long along the MD (parallel to the longitudinal axis of the sample), maintaining their orientation after they are cut, and marking the body-facing surface (or the surface intended to face the body on the finished product). Dry specimens are prepared for CD (machine direction) bending by cutting them to a width of 50.8 mm along the MD (transverse direction, i.e., parallel to the transverse axis of the sample) and a length of 50.8 mm along the CD (parallel to the longitudinal axis of the sample), maintaining their orientation after they are cut, and marking the body-facing surface (or the surface intended to face the body of the finished product). The thickness of the specimen is measured as described herein and recorded as the dry specimen caliper to the nearest 0.01 mm. The mass of the specimen is then measured and recorded as the dry mass to the nearest 0.001 grams. The mass (g) is then multiplied by the area (0.002581 m2). 2 ) to calculate the basis weight of the test specimen, and obtain a dry basis weight of 0.01 g / m 2 Record the unit of the test piece basis weight (g / m 2 ) by the thickness of the test piece (mm), and then divide the quotient by 1000 to calculate the bulk density of the test piece, which is 0.01 g / cm for the dry test piece density. 3 Record in units. Similarly, prepare five replicate dry specimens.

[0132] The wet specimen is first prepared in exactly the same manner as the dry specimen, followed by the addition of the test fluid immediately prior to testing as follows: First, measure the thickness and mass of the dry specimen as described herein and record as the initial thickness to the nearest 0.01 mm and as the initial mass to the nearest 0.001 g. The dry specimen is then completely submerged in the test fluid for 60 seconds. After the 60 seconds have elapsed, the specimen is removed from the test fluid and oriented vertically for 30 seconds to allow excess fluid to drip off. Now, measure the thickness and mass of the wet specimen as described herein and record as the wet specimen caliper to the nearest 0.01 mm and as the wet specimen mass to the nearest 0.001 g. If desired, calculate the mass of test fluid in the specimen by subtracting the initial mass (g) from the wet specimen mass (g) and record as the specimen fluid mass to the nearest 0.001 g. The wet specimen should be tested within 10 minutes after removal from the test fluid. Similarly, prepare five replicate wet specimens.

[0133] The universal testing frame for flexure bending tests is programmed such that the upper fixture moves downward relative to the lower fixture at a rate of 1.0 mm / sec until the upper bar touches the top surface of the specimen with a minimum force of 0.02 N, then the crosshead moves to continue for an additional 12 mm. The crosshead is then immediately returned to the original gauge at a rate of 1.0 mm / sec. Force (N) and displacement (mm) data are collected continuously at 100 Hz throughout the entire test.

[0134] The dry specimen is loaded across the two lower bars with its sides parallel to each bar and centered under the upper bar. For MD bending, the MD direction of the specimen is perpendicular to the length of the three bars. The test is started and force and displacement data are collected continuously.

[0135] A graph of force (N) versus displacement (mm) is made. From the graph, the maximum peak force is determined and recorded to the nearest 0.01 N as the dry MD peak load. The maximum slope of the curve between the initial force and the maximum force (during the loading portion of the curve) is then calculated and recorded to the nearest 0.1. The modulus is calculated as follows and is taken as the dry MD modulus to the nearest 0.001 N / mm2 Record in units. CD or MD dry or wet flexural modulus (N / mm 2 )=(slope x (span 3 )) / (4×test piece width×(test piece caliper 3 ))

[0136] The bending stiffness is calculated as follows, with the dry MD bending stiffness being 0.1 Nmm 2 Record in units. CD or MD dry or wet bending stiffness (Nmm 2 ) = Modulus of Elasticity x Moment of Inertia Where, moment of inertia (mm 4 ) = (test piece width × (test piece caliper 3 )) / 12

[0137] Repeat the procedure for all five replicates of the dry specimen in the same manner. Calculate the arithmetic mean of the five replicate dry specimens for each parameter, the dry specimen "caliper" to the nearest 0.01 mm, and the 0.01 g / m 2 Unit of dry specimen basis weight 2 , 0.001g / cm 3 Dry specimen density in units of 0.01N Dry CD or MD peak load in units of 0.001N / mm 2 Units of dry CD or MD flexural modulus, and Nmm 2 Report as unit dry CD or MD bending stiffness.

[0138] Now, the entire procedure is repeated for all five replicates of wet specimens and the results are reported as wet CD or MD peak loads to the nearest 0.01 N, wet CD or MD peak loads to the nearest 0.001 N / mm 2 Wet CD or MD flexural modulus in units, and Nmm 2 Report as unit wet CD or MD bending stiffness.

[0139] Wet and dry CD ultra-sensitive three-point bending method The CD (transverse direction) bending properties of the test samples are measured using an ultra-sensitive 3-point bending test on a universal constant rate of extension test frame (a suitable instrument is MTS Alliance using TestSuite Software available from MTS Systems Corp., Eden Prairie, Minn., or equivalent) equipped with a load cell appropriate for the force to be measured. Testing is performed on dry and wet specimens. The intent of this method is to mimic the deformations produced in the xy plane by the wearer of an absorbent article during normal use. All testing is performed in a controlled room at 23° C.±3° C. and 50%±2% relative humidity.

[0140] The ultra-sensitive three-point bend method is designed to maximize the force signal to noise ratio when testing materials at very low bending forces. The force signal is maximized by using a sensitive load cell (e.g., 5N), using a small span (load is proportional to the cube of the span), and using a wide sample width (total load measured is directly proportional to width). The fixture is designed so that the bend measurements are made under tension, allowing the fixture mass to be kept to a minimum. Noise in the force signal is minimized by holding the load cell stationary to reduce mechanical vibration and inertia effects, and by keeping the mass of the fixture attached to the load cell as small as possible.

[0141] 11A-11C, the load cell 1001 is mounted on a fixed crosshead of a universal test frame. The ultra-sensitive fixture 1000 consists of three thin blades constructed from a lightweight rigid material (such as aluminum or equivalent). Each blade has a thickness of 1.0 mm, rounded edges, and a length capable of accommodating a bending width of 100 mm. Each of the blades has cavities 1004a and 1004b (outer blades) and 1005 (center blade) cut out to create a 5 mm height h of blade material along their horizontal edges. The two outer blades 1003a and 1003b are mounted horizontally on the movable crosshead of the universal test frame, aligned parallel to each other, with their horizontal edges aligned vertically. The span S between the two outer blades 1003a and 1003b is 5 mm ± 0.1 mm (from inner edge to inner edge). The central blade 1002 is attached to a load cell on the fixed crosshead of the universal test frame. When in position, the central blade 1002 is parallel to the two outer blades 1003a and 1003b and is centered at the midpoint between the outer blades 1003a and 1003b. The blade fixture includes an integral adapter suitable for fitting into each position on the universal test frame and fixing in place so that the horizontal edge of the blade is perpendicular to the movement of the cross beam of the universal test frame.

[0142] The test fluid used to administer to the wetted specimens is prepared by adding 100.0 grams of sodium chloride (reagent grade, any convenient source) to 900 grams of deionized water in a 1 liter Erlenmeyer flask. Stir until the sodium chloride is completely dissolved.

[0143] Condition the samples at 23°C ± 3°C and 50% ± 2% relative humidity for 2 hours prior to testing. Dry specimens are taken from areas of the samples that are free of seams and remaining folds or wrinkles. Dry specimens are prepared for CD bending (i.e. bending perpendicular to the transverse axis of the sample) by cutting them to 50.0 mm width along the CD (transverse direction, i.e. parallel to the transverse axis of the sample) and 100.0 mm length along the MD (machine direction, i.e. parallel to the longitudinal axis of the sample), maintaining their orientation after they are cut, and marking the body-facing surface (or the surface intended to face the body of the finished product). Similarly, prepare five replicate dry specimens.

[0144] Wet specimens are first prepared in exactly the same manner as for dry specimens, followed by the addition of the test fluid immediately prior to testing as follows: The dry specimen is completely submerged in the test fluid for 60 seconds. After the 60 seconds have elapsed, the specimen is removed from the test fluid and oriented vertically for 30 seconds to allow excess fluid to drip off. The wet specimen must be tested within 10 minutes after removal from the test fluid. Five replicate wet specimens are prepared in the same manner.

[0145] The universal test frame is programmed such that the movable crosshead is set to move in the opposite direction to the fixed crosshead at a rate of 1.0 mm / sec. The crosshead movement begins with the specimen 1006 flat and undeflected on the outer blades 1003a and 1003b, continues with the inner horizontal edge of the cavity 1005 in the central blade 1002 in contact with the top surface of the specimen 1006, and continues with an additional 4 mm of crosshead movement. The crosshead stops at 4 mm and then immediately returns to zero at a rate of 1.0 mm / sec. Force (N) and displacement (mm) are collected throughout at 50 Hz.

[0146] Prior to loading the test specimen 1006, the outer blades 1003a and 1003b are moved towards the central blade 1002 until there is a clearance C of about 3 mm between the inner horizontal edges of the cavities 1004a and 1004b in the outer blades 1003a and 1003b and the inner horizontal edge of the cavity 1005 in the central blade 1002 (see FIG. 11C). The test specimen 1006 is positioned within the clearance C so that it straddles the inner horizontal edges of the cavities 1004a and 1004b in the outer blades 1003a and 1003b with the MD (short side) of the specimen perpendicular to the horizontal edges of the blades and oriented such that the body-facing surface of the specimen faces upwards. The sample 1006 is centered between the outer blades 1003a and 1003b. The outer blades 1003a and 1003b are slowly moved away from the fixed crosshead until the inner horizontal edge of the cavity 1005 in the central blade 1002 contacts the top surface of the test specimen 1006. The test is started and force and displacement data are collected continuously.

[0147] Plot force (N) against displacement (mm). Record the maximum peak force to the nearest 0.001 N. Calculate the area under the curve from the start of loading to the maximum peak force and estimate it as the bending energy to the nearest 0.001 N. * The recovery energy is calculated as the area under the curve where the force is unloaded from the maximum peak to 0.0 N, and is recorded in mm. * Record in mm as the recovery energy. Similarly, repeat the entire test procedure for a total of five dry and five wet specimens.

[0148] For each specimen type (dry and wet), calculate the arithmetic mean of the maximum peak forces among like specimens to the nearest 0.001 N and record them as the Dry Peak Load and the Wet Peak Load, respectively. For each specimen type (dry and wet), calculate the arithmetic mean of the bending energies among like specimens to the nearest 0.001 N. * Calculate to the nearest mm and report as dry bending energy and wet bending energy, respectively. For each specimen type (dry and wet), the arithmetic mean of the recovery energies between similar specimens is 0.001 N.* Calculate in mm and report as dry recovery energy and wet recovery energy, respectively.

[0149] Wet and dry bunch compression methods The bunching compression test method uses a universal constant rate of extension test frame (the preferred equipment is MTS Alliance using TestSuite software available from MTS Systems Corp., Eden Prairie, MN, or equivalent) equipped with a load cell where the force measured is within 1% to 99% of the cell's limits to measure the force versus displacement behavior of intentionally "bundled" absorbent article test samples over five cycles of load application ("compression") and load removal ("recovery"). The test is performed on dry specimens as well as wet specimens to which a specific amount of test fluid has been administered. The intent of the method is to mimic the deformations that occur in the z-plane of the crotch region of an absorbent article or its components when worn by a wearer during a sit-to-stand motion. All testing is performed in a room controlled at 23°C ± 3°C and 50% ± 2% relative humidity.

[0150] The test apparatus is shown in Figures 12-13B. The bottom static fixture 3000 consists of two matching sample clamps 3001, each 100 mm wide, mounted on their own moveable platforms 3002a, 3002b. The clamps have 110 mm long "knife edges" 3009 that grip a 1 mm thick hard rubber surface 3008. When closed, the clamps are flush with the inside of their respective platforms. The clamps are aligned to hold the unbunched specimen horizontally and perpendicular to the tensile axis of the tensile tester. The platforms are mounted on rails 3003, which allow the platforms to be moved horizontally from side to side and locked into position. The rails have adapters 3004 that fit the tensile tester mounts, allowing the platforms to be fixed horizontally and perpendicular to the tensile axis of the tensile tester. The top fixture 2000 is a cylindrical plunger 2001 with an overall length of 70 mm and a diameter of 25.0 mm. The contact surface 2002 is flat and has no curvature. The plunger 2001 has an adapter 2003 that fits onto the mount of a load cell, allowing the plunger to be fixed perpendicular to the tensile axis of the tensile tester.

[0151] Condition the test samples at 23°C ± 3°C and 50% ± 2% relative humidity for at least 2 hours prior to testing. Prepare the test specimens as follows: When testing pristine absorbent articles, remove the release paper from any panty fastening adhesive on the garment-facing side of the article, if present. Lightly coat the adhesive with talc powder to reduce any sticky feeling. Cut the cuffs, if present, with scissors, being careful not to disturb the topsheet or any other underlying layers of the article. Place the article on the bench, body-facing surface up. Mark the intersection of the longitudinal and lateral centerlines on the article. Using a rectangular cutting die or equivalent cutting means, cut the specimen 100 mm longitudinally and 80 mm transversely, centered on the intersection of the centerlines. When testing a layer or layered component of an absorbent article, place the layer or synergistic component on the bench and orient it as it will be incorporated into the finished product (i.e., identify the surface facing the body and the transverse and longitudinal axes). Using a rectangular cutting die or equivalent cutting means, cut the specimen 100 mm long and 80 mm wide, centered at the intersection of the centerlines. Measure the mass of the specimen and record to the nearest 0.001 g. Multiply the mass (g) by the area (0.008 m2). 2 ) to calculate the basis weight of the test piece, and use 1 g / m 2 Record in units.

[0152] Test specimens can be analyzed both wet and dry. Dry specimens require no further preparation. Prepare the test fluid used to dose the wet specimens by adding 100.0 grams of sodium chloride (reagent grade, any convenient source) to 900 grams of deionized water in a 1 liter Erlenmeyer flask. Stir until the sodium chloride is completely dissolved. Dose a total of 7 mL of test solution to the wet specimens as detailed below.

[0153] The liquid dose is applied using a graduated Eppendorf pipette while spreading the fluid across the body-facing surface of the specimen within approximately 3 seconds. The wet specimen is tested 10.0 minutes ± 0.1 minutes after dose application.

[0154] The tensile tester is programmed to zero the load cell and then lower the upper fixture at 2.00 mm / sec until the contact surface of the plunger touches the specimen and the load cell reads 0.02 N. The crosshead is zeroed. The system is programmed to lower the crosshead 15.00 mm at a rate of 2.00 mm / sec and immediately raise the crosshead 15.00 mm at a rate of 2.00 mm / sec. This cycle is repeated for a total of 5 cycles with no delay between cycles. Data during all compression / decompression cycles is collected at 50 Hz.

[0155] The left platform 3002a is positioned 2.5 mm from the side of the upper plunger (distance 3005). The position of the left platform is fixed. This platform 3002a remains stationary throughout the experiment. The right platform 3002b is aligned 50.0 mm from the stationary clamp (distance 3006). The upper probe 2001 is raised so that it does not interfere with the loading of the specimen. Both clamps 3001 are opened. Referring to FIG. 13A, the dry specimen is placed in the clamps with its longitudinal edge (i.e., the edge with a length of 100 mm). The dry specimen is laterally centered and both edges are secured in the clamps. Referring to FIG. 13B, the right platform 3002b is moved a distance of 20 mm toward the stationary platform 3002a so that a separation of 30.0 mm is achieved between the left and right clamps. When the movable platform is positioned, the dry specimen is allowed to bend upwards. Probe 2001 is now manually lowered until its lower surface is located approximately 1 cm from the top surface of the bent specimen.

[0156] The test is started and the force (N) and displacement (mm) data are collected continuously for all five cycles. A graph of force (N) versus displacement (mm) is created for every cycle individually. A representative curve is shown in FIG. 14A. From the curve, the dry maximum compression force for each cycle is determined to the nearest 0.01 N, then multiplied by 101.97 and recorded to the nearest 1 gram force. The dry recovery % between the first and second cycle is calculated as (TD-E2) / (TD-E1)×100, where TD is the total deflection and E2 is the extension in the second compression curve beyond 0.02 N, and recorded to the nearest 0.01%. In the same manner, the dry recovery % between the first and other cycles is calculated as (TD-E1) / (TD-E1)×100, and recorded to the nearest 0.01%. Referring to FIG. 14B, the dry compression energy for cycle 1 is calculated as the area under the compression curve (i.e., area A+B) and is multiplied by 101.97 and recorded to the nearest 0.01%. * Record in mm. The drying energy loss from cycle 1 was calculated as the area between the compression curve and the decompression curve (i.e., area A) and was calculated using a 0.1 N * The dry recovery energy for cycle 1 was calculated as the area under the compression release curve (i.e., area B) and recorded in mm. * Report in mm. Similarly, for each of the other cycles, the dry compression energy (N * mm), drying energy loss (N * mm), and drying recovery energy (N * mm) and calculate 0.1N * Similarly, a total of five replicate dry specimens are analyzed and the arithmetic mean among the five replicate dry specimens is reported for each of the aforementioned parameters, including basis weight.

[0157] Now, the entire procedure is repeated for a total of five replicate wet specimens, with the wet maximum compressive force in grams force for each cycle and 0.1 N for each cycle. * Wet compression energy in mm, 0.1N for each cycle * Wetting energy loss in mm, 0.1N for each cycle *Results are reported for each of the five cycles as the Wet Recovery Energy in mm and the arithmetic mean of the five wetting replicates for % Wet Recovery for each cycle. Of particular interest are the 5th Cycle Wet Recovery Energy and 5th Cycle Wet Recovery Percentage properties from this test method.

[0158] CD cyclic stretching up to 3% strain The cyclic tensile and recovery response of absorbent article specimens is measured for 10 cycles of load application ("extension") and load removal ("recovery") using a universal constant rate extension test frame. The specimens are cycled 10 times to an engineering strain of 3% and then returned to zero engineering strain. For each cycle, the stiffness, peak load, normalized peak energy, normalized recovery energy, strain at the start of the cycle, and strain at the end of the cycle (i.e., "permanent set") are calculated and reported. The intent of this method is to understand the ability of samples to be stretched in the xy plane as a result of body forces and then recover to their original state. All measurements are performed in a laboratory maintained at 23°C ± 2°C and 50% ± 2% relative humidity, and specimens are conditioned in this environment for at least 2 hours prior to testing.

[0159] A suitable universal constant rate of extension test frame is an MTS Alliance, or equivalent, interfaced to a computer running TestSuite control software (available from MTS Systems Corp, Eden Prairie, Minn.). The universal test frame is equipped with a load cell whose measured force is within 1% to 99% of the cell's limits. The fixtures used to grip the test specimens are lightweight (less than 80 grams), vice action clamps with knife or serrated edge gripping faces at least 40 mm wide. The fixtures are mounted on the universal test frame and are aligned horizontally and vertically with each other.

[0160] Test specimens are prepared as follows: If necessary, obtain the test material by cutting it from the absorbent article. When cutting the test material, ensure that the process does not contaminate or deform any of the layers of material. Cut the specimen from an area of ​​the test material that does not retain any folds or wrinkles. The specimen is as long as the cross-sectional length of the article (parallel to the cross-sectional axis of the article, or the intended cross-sectional axis of the article). When cutting specimens from absorbent articles of different sizes and widths, the overall length of the specimen (L total ) may vary from product to product, therefore the results are normalized to compensate for this variation. The specimen has a width of 25.4 mm (parallel to the longitudinal or intended longitudinal axis of the article). Specimen width (w) = 25.4 mm. Total specimen length (L total ) is measured and recorded to the nearest 0.1 mm. Five replicate specimens are prepared in the same manner.

[0161] A manual micrometer equipped with a foot press capable of applying a constant pressure of 0.1 psi ± 0.01 psi is used to measure the thickness (t) of the specimen. The manual micrometer is a deadweight instrument with an accurate reading to 0.01 mm. A suitable instrument is the Mitutoyo Series 543 ID-C Digimatic, available from VWR International, or equivalent. The foot press is a flat-faced circular movable surface having a diameter of 25.4 mm or less. The specimen is supported by a horizontal flat reference platform that is larger than and parallel to the surface of the foot press. The micrometer is zeroed against the horizontal flat reference platform. The specimen is placed on the platform and centered under the foot press. The foot press is lowered by hand at a descending rate of 3 ± 1 mm / sec until the full weight pressure is applied to the specimen. After 5 seconds, the thickness is recorded to the nearest 0.01 mm as the specimen thickness (t).

[0162] Prepare the universal test frame as follows: Set the initial grip separation to the nominal gage length (L) less than the overall length of the test specimen. nominal ) so that the test specimen can be securely gripped at both ends (i.e., L nominal<L total ). The crosshead is then zeroed. To ensure that there is no pretension in the test specimen at the start of the test, the test frame is programmed to move the grips closer together by an intentional slack of 1 mm. (During this movement, the specimen slackens between the tensile grips.) The grips then move apart at a slack rate of 1 mm / sec until the slack preload of 0.05 N is exceeded. At this point: 1) The crosshead position signal (mm) is timed to the specimen slack (L slack 2) Initial test piece gauge length (L 0 ) is the nominal gauge length + slack L 0 =L nominal +L slack Calculate as follows: where the unit is millimeters. 3) Set the crosshead extension (ΔL) to zero (0.0 mm). 4) Set the crosshead displacement (mm) to zero (0.0 mm). At this position, the engineering strain is zero, i.e., 0.0. Engineering strain is calculated by dividing the change in length (ΔL) by the initial length (L 0 ) Engineering strain = ΔL / L 0 For one test cycle, the grips are moved apart at an initial rate of 1 mm / sec until they exceed the engineering strain endpoint of 0.03 mm / mm, and immediately thereafter, the grips are moved towards each other at an initial rate of 1 mm / sec until the crosshead signal is below the crosshead return position of 0 mm. The test cycle is repeated until a total of 10 cycles are completed.

[0163] The test is performed by inserting the specimen into the grips so that the long axis of the specimen is parallel to and centered over the crosshead motion. The test is started and time, force and displacement data are collected continuously at a data collection rate of 100 Hz.

[0164] A graph of load (N) versus displacement is made separately for all 10 cycles. For each cycle, do the following: Record the peak load to the nearest 0.01 N. Record the peak energy (E) as the area under the load versus displacement curve from the start of the cycle to the end of strain of 0.03 mm / mm (during the loading portion of the cycle). peak) and calculate 0.01N * Record in mm. Calculate the return energy as the area under the load vs. displacement curve from the strain end of 0.03 mm / mm to the crosshead return of 0 mm (during the unloading portion of the cycle) and set it to 0.01 N. * Record the recovery energy in mm. Normalized peak energy (NE) is calculated as the peak energy divided by the initial length. peak ) and calculate (NE peak =E peak / L 0 ), recorded to the nearest 0.01 mN. Normalized return energy (NE) is calculated as the return energy divided by the initial length. return ) and calculate (NE return =E return / L 0 ), recorded to the nearest 0.01 mN. peak and N.E. return The unit of force is millinewton (mN).

[0165] Now create a graph of Engineering Stress (σ) versus Engineering Strain for all 10 cycles and for each cycle: N / mm 2 The engineering stress in units of is the load divided by the cross-sectional area of ​​the specimen, which is the width (w) multiplied by the thickness (t) of the specimen (σ=load / (w×t)). The modulus of elasticity, or the slope of the stress vs. strain curve, is determined for the line between the points occurring at minimum and maximum force (during the loading portion of the cycle) and recorded as the modulus of elasticity to the nearest 0.01 N / mm. The stiffness is calculated by multiplying the modulus of elasticity by the thickness of the specimen and recorded as the tensile stiffness to the nearest 0.01 N / mm. The strain of the specimen at the beginning of the cycle is defined by the strain when the 0.05 N slack preload is exceeded for that cycle (during the loading portion of the cycle) and recorded as the cycle initial strain to the nearest 0.01 mm / mm. The strain of the specimen at the end of the cycle is defined by the strain when the load falls below the 0.05 N preload for that cycle (during the unloading portion of the cycle) and recorded as the permanent set to the nearest 0.01 mm / mm. The entire procedure is repeated in the same manner for all five replicates.

[0166] The arithmetic mean of five replicate specimens was calculated for each of the parameters for each of the 10 cycles and is reported as peak load in 0.01 N, normalized peak energy in 0.01 mN, normalized recovery energy in 0.01 mN, tensile stiffness in 0.01 N / mm, initial cycle strain in 0.01 mm / mm, and permanent set in 0.01 mm / mm.

[0167] Structural binding site pattern spacing and area measurements The spacing between discreet structural bond sites used to create a quilt-like pattern on the absorbent article sample, and the total area occupied by the sum of these elements in a particular region of the sample, are measured on an image of the absorbent article sample acquired using a flatbed scanner. The scanner can scan in reflectance mode with a resolution of 2400 dpi and 8-bit grayscale. A suitable scanner is an Epson Perfection V750 Pro, manufactured by Epson America Inc. (Long Beach, CA, USA), or equivalent. The scanner is connected to a computer running an image analysis program. A suitable program is ImageJ v.1.52 (National Institute of Health, USA), or equivalent. The sample image is distance calibrated against an image of a NIST certified ruler acquired. To allow for maximum contrast, the specimen is backed with a uniformly colored opaque black background before acquiring the image. All tests are performed in a conditioned room maintained at about 23±2°C and about 50±2% relative humidity.

[0168] Test samples are prepared as follows: Remove the absorbent article from any existing packaging. If the article is folded, gently unfold it, smoothing out any wrinkles. If wings are present, stretch them but leave the release paper intact. Test samples are conditioned for 2 hours at about 23°C ± 2°C and about 50% ± 2% relative humidity prior to testing.

[0169] The images are obtained as follows: A ruler is placed on the scanner bed so that it is oriented parallel to the side of the scanner glass. An image of the ruler (calibration image) is acquired in reflection mode with a resolution of 2400 dpi (approximately 94 pixels / mm) and 8-bit grayscale. The calibration image is saved as an uncompressed TIFF format file. After acquiring the calibration image, the ruler is removed from the scanner glass and the test sample is scanned under the same scanning conditions as follows: The test sample is centered on the scanner glass and, if necessary, fixed so that the body-facing surface of the sample is flat facing the scanner glass surface. The sample is oriented so that the entire sample is within the glass surface. A black background is placed over the test specimen, the scanner lid is closed, and a scan image of the entire sample is acquired with the same settings used for the calibration image. The sample image is saved as an uncompressed TIFF format file.

[0170] The sample image is analyzed as follows: The calibration image file is opened in an image analysis program, and the image resolution is calibrated using an imaged ruler to determine the number of pixels per millimeter. The sample image is then opened in an image analysis program, and the distance scale is set using the image resolution determined from the calibration image. The pattern of embossed elements present on the sample in the image is then visually inspected to identify the zones of the pattern to be analyzed. For example, an absorbent article can be divided into three equal length zones in the machine direction, such as zone 1, which is the front 1 / 3 zone, zone 2, which is the center 1 / 3 zone, and zone 3, which is the end 1 / 3 zone, by way of example. An image analysis tool is used to draw a shape along the perimeter of the first discreet zone to be analyzed. The area of ​​this first zone is measured, and a value of 0.01 mm is determined as the Zone 1 total area. 2 The area of ​​each discreet embossing element that is located inside the perimeter of Zone 1 is now measured as follows: A minimum boundary circle is drawn around each embossing element such that no part of the embossing element is located outside the boundary circle. The area of ​​the boundary circle for that embossing element is then measured and the embossing element area is recorded in 0.01 mm2 units. 2Similarly, measure the area of ​​each embossing element, including the portion of the embossing element that is located within Zone 1, and record each to the nearest 0.01 mm. 2 The area of ​​all embossed elements in Zone 1 is then summed up to obtain the total embossed element area in Zone 1, which is 0.01 mm 2 The Zone 1 total embossed element area is divided by the Zone 1 total area, then multiplied by 100 and recorded as the % Zone 1 total area represented by the embossed element. The spacing between each discreet embossed element inside Zone 1 is measured as follows: Measure the distance from the center of the smallest boundary circle drawn around the discreet embossed element inside Zone 1 to the center of the smallest boundary circle drawn around the nearest adjacent discreet embossed element inside Zone 1 as described herein, and record this distance to the nearest 0.01 mm as the embossed spacing. Repeat similarly for all adjacent embossed elements inside Zone 1, recording each distance to the nearest 0.01 mm. The arithmetic mean of all measured embossed spacings measured between nearest neighbors inside Zone 1 is then calculated and recorded to the nearest 0.01 mm as the Zone 1 embossed spacing.

[0171] Similarly, the entire procedure is repeated for each additional zone containing embossed elements present on the test sample and labeled accordingly as Zone 2, Zone 3, etc.

[0172] Light touch rewetting method The Light Touch Rewet Method quantitatively measures the mass of liquid that appears from a test sample of an absorbent article that has been dosed with a specific amount of Artificial Menstrual Fluid (AMF) (as described herein) when weight is applied for a specific length of time. All measurements are performed in a laboratory maintained at 23° C.±2° C. and 50%±2% relative humidity.

[0173] A syringe pump equipped with a disposable syringe is utilized to administer the test sample. A suitable pump should be a Perfusor® Compact S (available from B. Braun) or equivalent, capable of accurately dispensing AMF at a rate of 42 mL / min. The disposable syringe is of sufficient capacity (e.g., BD Plastipak 20 mL) and is connected to flexible tubing with an internal diameter of 3 / 16 inch (e.g., Original Perfusor® Line available from Braun, or equivalent). The AMF is prepared as described herein and brought to room temperature (23° C.±2° C.) before use in this test. Before the start of the measurement, the syringe is filled with AMF, the flexible tubing is primed with liquid, and the dispensing rate (42 mL / min) and administration volume (4.0 mL±0.05 mL) are verified according to the manufacturer's instructions. The flexible tube is then attached so that it is oriented vertically above the test sample and the distance between the tip of the tube and the surface of the test sample is 19 mm. Of note, the AMF must be withdrawn from the syringe every 15 minutes and mixed thoroughly.

[0174] The rewet weight assembly consists of an acrylic plate and a stainless steel weight. The acrylic plate has dimensions of 65 mm x 80 mm and is approximately 5 mm thick. The stainless steel weight together with the acrylic plate has a total mass of 2 lbs (907.19 g) and applies a pressure of 0.25 psi below the surface of the acrylic plate.

[0175] For each test sample, five pieces of filter paper measuring 4 inches by 4 inches are used as the rewet substrate. Prior to testing, the filter papers are conditioned for at least two hours at 23° C.±2° C. and 50%±2% relative humidity. A suitable filter paper has a basis weight of about 139 gsm, a thickness of about 700 microns, an absorption rate of about 1.7 seconds, and is available as Ahlstrom grade 989 or equivalent from Ahlstrom-Munksjo North America LLC, Alpharetta, GA, VWR International.

[0176] Prepare the test samples as follows: Prior to testing, the test samples are conditioned at 23±2°C and 50%±2% relative humidity for at least 2 hours. The test samples are removed from all packaging, taking care not to press down or pull on the product during handling. Place the test sample horizontally on a hard, flat surface and gently smooth out any creases. Determine the test location as follows: For symmetrical samples (i.e., the front side of the sample, when divided transversely along the midpoint of the sample's longitudinal axis, is the same shape and size as the rear side of the sample), the test location is the intersection of the midpoint of the sample's longitudinal axis and the midpoint of the transverse axis. For asymmetrical samples (i.e., the front side of the sample, when divided transversely along the midpoint of the sample's longitudinal axis, is not the same shape and size as the rear side of the sample), the test location is the intersection of the midpoint of the sample's longitudinal axis and the transverse axis located at the midpoint of the sample's wings. Prepare a total of three test samples.

[0177] Place the test sample horizontally on a flat, hard surface and center the previously identified test location directly under the tip of the flexible tube. Adjust the height of the tube so that it is 19.0 mm above the surface of the test sample. Start the pump to dispense 4.0 mL ± 0.05 mL of AMF at a rate of 42 mL / min. As soon as the AMF is completely dispensed, start a 10-minute timer. Now, obtain the mass of the five filter papers and record it to the nearest 0.001 gram as the dry mass. When the 10 minutes have elapsed, place five pre-weighed filter papers on the test sample and center the stack over the dosing location. Then, center the acrylic plate on top of the filter papers so that the long side of the acrylic plate is parallel to the longitudinal axis of the test sample. Then, carefully lower a stainless steel weight centered over the acrylic plate and immediately start a 30-second timer. After the 30 seconds have elapsed, gently remove the rewet weight and acrylic plate and set them aside. Take the mass of five filter papers and record it to the nearest 0.001 gram as the wet mass. Subtract the dry mass from the wet mass of the filter papers and record it to the nearest 0.001 gram as the rewet. Wipe any remaining test liquid from the bottom of the acrylic plate before testing the next sample. Repeat in the same manner for a total of three replicate test samples.

[0178] The arithmetic mean of rewet among the three replicate test samples is calculated and reported to the nearest 0.001 g as "light touch rewet."

[0179] Preparation of Artificial Menstrual Fluid (AMF) Artificial menstrual fluid (AMF) is composed of a mixture of defibrinated sheep blood, phosphate-buffered saline, and mucus components. AMF is prepared to have a viscosity of 7.15-8.65 centistokes at 23 °C.

[0180] The viscosity of the AMF is performed using a low viscosity rotational viscometer (a suitable instrument is a Cannon LV-2020 Rotary Viscometer with a UL adapter (Cannon Instrument Co., State College, PA) or equivalent). The appropriate size spindle for the viscosity range is selected and the instrument is operated and calibrated according to the manufacturer. Measurements are taken at 23° C.±1° C. and 60 rpm. Results are reported to the nearest 0.01 centistokes.

[0181] Reagents required for AMF preparation include defibrinated sheep blood with a hematocrit of 38% or greater (drawn under sterile conditions, available from Cleveland Scientific, Inc., Bath, Ohio, or equivalent), gastric mucin (crude form, sterile, available from American Laboratories, Inc., Omaha, Neb., or equivalent) with a target viscosity of 3-4 centistokes when prepared as a 2% aqueous solution, 10% v / v lactic acid in water, 10% w / v potassium hydroxide in water, sodium phosphate dibasic anhydrous (reagent grade), sodium chloride (reagent grade), sodium phosphate monobasic monohydrate (reagent grade), and distilled water (each available from VWR International or an equivalent source).

[0182] Phosphate buffered saline consists of two individually prepared solutions (Solution A and Solution B). To prepare 1 L of solution A, add 1.38 ± 0.005 g of sodium phosphate monobasic monohydrate and 8.50 ± 0.005 g of sodium chloride to a 1000 mL volumetric flask and add distilled water to the vessel volume. Mix thoroughly. To prepare 1 L of solution B, add 1.42 ± 0.005 g of sodium phosphate dibasic anhydrous and 8.50 ± 0.005 g of sodium chloride to a 1000 mL volumetric flask and add distilled water to the vessel volume. Mix thoroughly. To prepare phosphate buffered saline, add 450 ± 10 mL of solution B to a 1000 mL beaker and stir at low speed on a stir plate. Insert a calibrated pH probe (accurate to 0.1) into the beaker of Solution B and add, with stirring, enough Solution A to bring the pH to 7.2±0.1.

[0183] The mucus component is a mixture of phosphate buffered saline, aqueous potassium hydroxide, gastric mucin, and aqueous lactic acid. The amount of gastric mucin added to the mucus component directly affects the final viscosity of the prepared AMF. To determine the amount of gastric mucin required to obtain an AMF within the target viscosity range (7.15-8.65 centistokes at 23°C), three batches of AMF with various amounts of gastric mucin in the mucus component are prepared, then a least squares linear fit through the three points is performed and the exact amount required is interpolated from the concentration vs. viscosity curve. The appropriate range of gastric mucin is usually 38-50 grams.

[0184] To prepare approximately 500 mL of mucus component, add 460±10 mL of pre-prepared phosphate buffered saline and 7.5±0.5 mL of 10 w / v% aqueous potassium hydroxide solution to a 1000 mL sturdy glass beaker. Place the beaker on a stirring hot plate and bring the temperature to 45°C±5°C while stirring. Weigh out a predetermined amount of gastric mucus (±0.50 g) and slowly sprinkle it into the pre-prepared liquid at 45°C to avoid clumping. Cover the beaker and continue mixing. Allow the temperature of the mixture to exceed 50°C but not exceed 80°C for 15 minutes. Continue heating with gentle stirring while maintaining this temperature range for 2.5 hours. After 2.5 hours, remove the beaker from the hot plate and allow it to cool to less than 40°C. Then add 1.8±0.2 mL of 10 v / v% aqueous lactic acid solution and mix thoroughly. Autoclave the mucilage component mixture at 121°C for 15 minutes and allow to cool for 5 minutes. Remove the mucilage component mixture from the autoclave and stir until the temperature reaches 23°C ± 1°C.

[0185] Allow the temperature of the sheep blood and mucus components to be 23 °C ± 1 °C. Using a 500 mL graduated cylinder, measure the volume of the entire batch of previously prepared mucus components and add that volume to a 1200 mL beaker. Add an equal volume of sheep blood to the beaker and mix thoroughly. Using the viscosity method previously described, verify that the viscosity of the AMF is 7.15 - 8.65 centistokes. If not, discard the batch and adjust the mucus components as necessary to make another batch.

[0186] Certified AMF must be refrigerated at 4°C unless intended for immediate use. AMF may be stored in an airtight container at 4°C for a maximum of 48 hours after preparation. Prior to testing, AMF must be at 23°C ± 1°C. After testing is completed, any unused portion is discarded.

[0187] Flexible coupling channel measurement The flexible bond embossment length of the flexible bond channel area formed near the center of the absorbent article test sample, the flexible bond land area length between two adjacent flexible bond embossments, the flexible bond channel width, and the flexible bond channel depth are measured using optical profilometry to obtain the area surface topography of the body-facing side of the test sample. The flexible bond embossment length, the flexible bond land area length between two adjacent embossments, and the flexible bond channel width of the flexible bond channel are measured at the base of the recess, and the flexible bond channel depth is measured relative to the adjacent non-channel area. In addition, the bending resistance properties of the prepared test specimens of the flexible bond channel area are measured on a universal constant rate of extension test frame. All tests are performed in a room conditioned at 23°C ± 3°C and 50% ± 2% relative humidity, and the test specimens are conditioned in this environment for at least 2 hours before testing.

[0188] For the measurement of the flexible bond embossment length, the length of the land area between the flexible bond embossments, the channel width and the channel depth, a three-dimensional (3D) surface topography image of the body-facing side of the test sample is recorded using an optical 3D surface topography measurement system. A suitable optical 3D surface topography measurement system is a MikroCAD Premium instrument available from LMI Technologies Inc. (Vancouver, Canada), or equivalent. The system includes the following main components: a) a Digital Light Processing (DLP) projection device with direct digitally controlled micromirrors, b) a CCD camera with a resolution of at least 1600 x 1200 pixels, c) projection optics adapted to a measurement area of ​​at least 140 mm x 105 mm, d) recording optics adapted to a measurement area of ​​140 mm x 105 mm, e) a tripod based on a small hard stone plate, f) a blue LED light source, g) a measurement, control and evaluation computer running a surface texture analysis software (the preferred software is MikroCAD software with MountainsMap® technology or equivalent), and h) calibration plates for lateral (XY) and vertical (Z) calibration available from a supplier. The optical 3D surface topography measurement system uses a digital micromirror pattern fringe projection technique to measure the surface height of the test specimen. The result of the measurement is a 3D image of the surface height (defined as the Z axis) versus the displacement in the horizontal (XY) plane. The system has a field of view of 140 x 105 mm with an XY pixel resolution of approximately 85 micrometers. The height resolution is set at 0.5 microns / count, with a height range of ±10 mm. Prior to testing, the instrument is calibrated according to the manufacturer's specifications using lateral (XY plane) and vertical (Z axis) calibration plates available from the vendor.

[0189] Prepare absorbent article test samples for surface topography measurements and subsequent channel MD bending resistance measurements as follows: Unfold absorbent article as needed, but keep protective cover in place over panty fastening adhesive (i.e. wrapper or release paper). Identify and label front and back sides of article. Additionally, identify and label left and right sides of article for left and right of wearer. If article is pre-folded, use scissors or equivalent sharp cutting device to cut along the width of article approximately 1 cm inward and parallel to the front fold and remove and discard any remaining folded or creased material from the front portion of article. Similarly, cut along the width of article approximately 1 cm inward and parallel to the back fold and remove and discard any remaining folded or creased material from the back portion of article. After cut is made, remaining central portion of absorbent article is retained as test sample having a length of approximately 60 mm, but not less than 40 mm. With any remaining folded material removed, the test sample is laid flat against a horizontal rigid surface. The protective cover is then removed from the panty fastening adhesive, and the adhesive is lightly dusted with talc powder to reduce tackiness. A total of five replicate test samples are prepared in the same manner.

[0190] A 3D surface topography image of the test sample is acquired as follows: The test sample is transferred onto a MikroCAD (or equivalent) table underneath the camera. The test sample is oriented so that the longitudinal axes of the left and right flexible bond channel regions are perpendicular to the long axis (X-axis) of the instrument's field of view. The 3D surface topography image of the test sample is collected according to the instrument manufacturer's recommended measurement procedure, which may include focusing the measurement system and making brightness adjustments. No pre-filtering options are used. The collected height image files are saved to an evaluation computer running surface texture analysis software.

[0191] The 3D surface topography image is opened in a surface texture analysis software, which then performs the following filtering steps on the image: 1) removal of irregular points, 2) a 3x3 pixel median filter to remove noise, and 3) a 3x3 pixel average filter to smooth the surface.

[0192] Flexible Bonding Embossment Length Method: To measure the flexible bond embossment length "L", a two-dimensional (2D) line profile (a sub-sampling of the 3D surface image) is extracted from a location within one of the individual recessed regions within the flexible bond channel region perpendicular to the short side of the recess (i.e., the line crosses the longitudinal axis of the recess). This line profile extends the entire length of the individual channel recess along its central longitudinal axis, including the non-recessed regions immediately adjacent both ends of the channel. Those skilled in the art will know that if the resulting line profile does not generally represent the overall contour of the flexible bond channel region due to measurement noise or the presence of localized wrinkles or malformed channels (i.e., channels having a depth of less than 1 mm as determined by the flexible bond channel depth method described herein), then another test location in a separate recessed region of the flexible bond channel should be measured to ensure that such artifacts are not present. Here, a line height profile (height (mm) vs. line length (mm)) is created. It will be apparent to one skilled in the art that the flexible bond channel region (minimum Z value) and the non-channel region (maximum Z value adjacent to the channel) are located on the height profile, for example as shown in FIG. 15. This line profile shows an exemplary length of the recessed region in the flexible bond channel. Determine the minimum height value (y-axis) on the line profile. Then, move in the z-direction (y-axis) along the left line of the profile from the minimum height value to a position 100 microns away from the minimum height value and place a "left" marker on the line profile. Similarly, move in the z-direction (y-axis) along the right line of the profile from the minimum height value to a position 100 microns away from the minimum height value and place a "right" marker on the line profile. Measure the horizontal x-distance between the left and right markers placed on the line profile and record it to the nearest 0.1 mm as the flexible bond channel length. Now, repeat the entire procedure until a total of five separate individual recessed regions of the flexible bond channel have been analyzed on the test sample. Similarly, measure a total of five separate individual recessed areas of the flexible bond channel for the remaining four replicate test samples.The arithmetic mean across all of the flexible bond channel length values ​​recorded across all five test sample replicates is then calculated and reported to the nearest 0.1 mm as the flexible bond embossment length "L."

[0193] Five replicate test samples are retained and used for subsequent flexible bond land area length measurements.

[0194] Flexible bond land area length method. To measure the length of the land area "S" between two individual adjacent recessed areas (embossments) in the flexible bond channel, a two-dimensional (2D) line profile (subsampling of the 3D surface image) is extracted as follows: This line profile includes the entire length of the two individual adjacent channel recesses along their central longitudinal axis, and further includes the non-recessed areas immediately adjacent both the leading edge of the first recessed area and the trailing edge of the second adjacent recessed area. Those skilled in the art will know that if the resulting line profile does not generally represent the overall contour of the flexible bond channel area due to measurement noise or the presence of local wrinkles or malformed channels (i.e., channels with a depth of less than 1 mm as determined by the flexible bond channel depth method described herein), another test location including a different set of two adjacent recessed areas of the flexible bond channel should be measured to ensure that such artifacts are not present. Now, a line height profile (height (mm) vs. line length (mm)) is created. It will be apparent to one skilled in the art that the flexible bond channel region (minimum Z value) and the non-channel region (maximum Z value adjacent to the channel) are located on the height profile, for example as shown in FIG. 15. The line profile shows an example length of two adjacent recessed regions in the flexible bond channel and the distance between them. The distance between adjacent recessed regions is measured from the trailing edge of the first recessed region to the leading edge of the second recessed region as follows: Determine a first minimum height value (y-axis) on the line profile in the first recessed region. Then, move in the z-direction along the line profile to the right of the first minimum height value (y-axis) and 100 microns away from the first minimum height value and place a "first" marker on the line profile. Then, determine a second minimum height value (y-axis) on the line profile in the second recessed region. Move in the z-direction along the line profile to the left of the second minimum height value (y-axis) and 100 microns away from the second minimum height value and place a "second" marker on the line profile. The horizontal x-distance between the first and second markers located on the line profile is then measured and recorded to the nearest 0.1 mm as the length "S" of the flexible bonding land area.The entire procedure is now repeated until a total of five separate sets of adjacent pairs of recessed areas of flexible bond channels have been analyzed on the test sample. Similarly, a total of five separate sets of adjacent pairs of recessed areas of flexible bond channels are measured for the remaining four replicate test samples. The arithmetic mean across all of the recorded flexible bond land area length values ​​across all five replicate test samples is then calculated and reported to the nearest 0.1 mm as the flexible bond land area length.

[0195] Five replicate test samples are retained and used for subsequent flexible bond channel width measurements.

[0196] Flexible bonding channel width method: To measure the flexible bond channel width "A", a two-dimensional (2D) line profile (a sub-sampling of the 3D surface image) is extracted from a location within one of the individual recessed regions within the flexible bond channel region perpendicular to the long side of the recess (i.e., a line traverses the width of the recess). This line profile extends across the entire width of the individual channel recess along its central transverse axis, including the non-recessed regions immediately adjacent to both sides of the channel. Those skilled in the art will know that if the resulting line profile does not generally represent the overall contour of the flexible bond channel region due to measurement noise or the presence of localized wrinkles or malformed channels (i.e., channels having a depth of less than 1 mm as determined by the flexible bond channel depth method described herein), another test location in a separate recessed region of the flexible bond channel should be measured to ensure that such artifacts are not present. Here, a line height profile (height (mm) vs. line length (mm)) is created. It will be apparent to one skilled in the art that the flexible bond channel area (minimum Z value) and the non-channel area (maximum Z value adjacent to the channel) are located on the height profile, for example as shown in FIG. 15. This line profile shows an exemplary width of the recessed area in the flexible bond channel. Determine the minimum height value (y-axis) on the line profile. Next, move in the z-direction (y-axis) along the left line of the profile from the minimum height value to a position 200 microns away from the minimum height value and place a "left" marker on the line profile. Similarly, move in the z-direction (y-axis) along the right line of the profile from the minimum height value to a position 200 microns away from the minimum height value and place a "right" marker on the line profile. Measure the horizontal x-distance between the left and right markers placed on the line profile and record it to the nearest 0.1 mm as the flexible bond channel width. Now, repeat the entire procedure until a total of five separate individual recessed areas of the flexible bond channel have been analyzed on the test sample. Similarly, measure a total of five separate individual recessed areas of the flexible bond channel of the remaining four replicate test samples. The arithmetic mean across all flexible bond channel width values ​​recorded across all five test sample replicates is then calculated and reported to the nearest 0.1 mm as the flexible bond channel width "A."

[0197] Five replicate test samples are retained and used for subsequent flexible bond channel depth measurements.

[0198] Flexible Bonding Channel Depth Method: The test samples from the flexible bond channel width method are further prepared for channel depth measurement as follows: A line approximately 35 mm long is drawn on the body-facing surface of the test sample within each of the flexible bond channel regions (left and right) to indicate where the depth of the flexible bond channel region will be measured and the test specimens for bending resistance testing will subsequently be taken. The left and right flexible bond channel regions have a longitudinal direction generally parallel to the longitudinal axis of the absorbent article. Similarly, the remaining four replicate test samples are prepared so that a total of ten flexible bond channel regions (five on each side) can be analyzed. Each test sample (i.e., i-v) is numerically labeled so that the test samples can be tracked through each subsequent measurement.

[0199] The thickness of the first test sample is measured at a test location defined as the channel-free area of ​​the test sample located between the left and right flexible bond channel areas, excluding any portion of any flexible bond channel area present. Ideally, the test location is at the center of the absorbent article (the intersection of the lateral and longitudinal midpoints) and centered between the left and right flexible bond channel areas. The thickness of the test sample is measured mechanically with a manual micrometer equipped with a presser foot capable of applying a constant pressure of 0.1 psi ± 0.01 psi (0.69 kPa ± 0.07 kPa). The manual micrometer is a weight-type instrument with an accurate reading to 0.01 mm. A suitable instrument is the Mitutoyo Series 543 ID-C Digimatic, available from VWR International, or equivalent. The presser foot is a flat-faced circular movable surface with a diameter of 25.4 mm. The test sample is supported by a horizontal flat reference platform that is larger than and parallel to the surface of the presser foot. The micrometer is zeroed against the horizontal flat reference platform. The test sample is placed on the platform with the test location centered under the presser foot. Ensuring that no part of the presser foot contacts any part of any flexible bond channel area present, the presser foot is then lowered manually at a descending rate of 3±1 mm / sec until full pressure is exerted on the sample. After 5 seconds, record the thickness as the absorbent article thickness Ti to the nearest 0.01 mm. Similarly, repeat the thickness measurement for all five replicate test samples and record the pad thickness (i.e., as Ti-Tv) to the nearest 0.01 mm for each. Calculate the arithmetic mean for all five replicates and report it as the absorbent article thickness T to the nearest 0.01 mm.

[0200] A 3D surface topography image of the first test sample i is acquired as follows: The test sample is transferred onto a MikroCAD (or equivalent) table under the camera. The test sample is oriented so that the longitudinal axes of the left and right flexible coupling channel regions are perpendicular to the long axis (X-axis) of the instrument's field of view. The 3D surface topography image of the test sample is collected according to the measurement procedure recommended by the instrument manufacturer, which may include focusing the measurement system and making brightness adjustments. No pre-filtering option is used. The collected height image files are saved to an evaluation computer running surface texture analysis software.

[0201] The 3D surface topography image is opened in a surface texture analysis software. The image is then subjected to the following filtering procedures: 1) removal of incorrect points, 2) a 3x3 pixel median filter to remove noise, and 3) a 3x3 pixel average filter to smooth the surface. A two-dimensional (2D) line profile (a subsample of the 3D surface image) is extracted from a position perpendicular to the direction of the flexible bond channel area. This line profile extends across the entire width (left to right) of the test sample and intersects both the left and right flexible bond channel areas on the test sample at 90 degrees. The line profile is drawn so that it intersects with a part of the channel where a 35 mm line was previously drawn during sample preparation. Those skilled in the art know that if the obtained line profile does not generally represent the overall contour of the flexible bond channel area due to measurement noise or the presence of local wrinkles or malformed channels, another test sample should be prepared and measured to ensure that such artifacts are not present. Here, a line height profile (height (mm) vs. line length (mm)) is created. One skilled in the art will appreciate that flexible bond channel regions (minimum Z value) and no channel regions (maximum Z value between channels) are located on the height profile, for example as shown in Figure 15. The line profile shows exemplary depths of flexible bond channel regions relative to no channel regions adjacent to and between the flexible bond channel regions present on the test sample. Export the raw line height profile data to .txt format.

[0202] The raw data of the line height profile is imported and processed in a spreadsheet program such as Excel or equivalent. The Z minimum value of the left flexible bond channel region of test sample i is determined, Zmin iL Similarly, determine the minimum Z value of the flexible bond channel region on the right side of the test sample i, and record it to the nearest 0.1 mm. iR The height of the non-channel area along the portion of the line between the left and right flexible bond channel areas is recorded to the nearest 0.1 mm. iZmax i is the calculated arithmetic mean of all height values ​​located along a 10 mm path length centered on the midpoint distance between the left and right flexible bond channel regions along the line. However, if the non-channel region between the left and right flexible bond channel regions is too narrow and has some compression due to the close proximity of the channel regions, Zmax i The more appropriate non-channel area is chosen so that Zmax best represents the intended height of the non-channel area of ​​the article in the test sample. i Zmax is selected as i From Zmin iL Calculate the depth of the left flexible bonding channel region of the test sample i by subtracting iL Record the value in 0.1 mm units. Similarly, Zmax i From Zmin iR Calculate the depth of the right flexible bonding channel region of the test sample i by subtracting iR Next, D measured for test sample i is recorded to the nearest 0.1 mm. iL and D. iR The arithmetic mean of the values ​​is calculated and reported as the channel depth, Di, to the nearest 0.1 mm. Similarly, the channel depth measurements are repeated for all five replicate test samples i-v such that a total of ten flexible bond channel regions (five on each side) are analyzed and the channel depth is recorded to the nearest 0.01 mm (i.e., Di-Dv) for each test sample. The arithmetic mean over the five channel depths calculated for the five replicate test samples (Di-Dv) is then calculated and reported as the dry channel depth, D, to the nearest 0.01 mm.

[0203] A sample from each replicate, labeled with a number, is retained for subsequent MD channel bending resistance measurements.

[0204] Flexible coupled channel MD stiffness method: The MD bending resistance of the prepared specimens is measured on a universal constant rate of extension (CRE) test frame or equivalent, such as the MTS Alliance using TestSuite Software available from MTS Systems Corp. (Eden Prairie, MN). The CRE test frame includes a three-point bending fixture and a load cell (preferably a 10 N load cell) where the force measured is within 1% to 99% of the cell's limits. A bottom stationary fixture consisting of two cylindrical bars made of polished stainless steel, 3.175 mm in diameter and 110 mm long, is mounted at each end with frictionless rolling bearings. The two bars are mounted horizontally and aligned back to back and parallel to each other, with the top radii of the bars aligned vertically and free to rotate around the diameter of the cylinder by the frictionless bearings. The fixture further allows the two bars to be moved horizontally away from each other on a track so that a gap can be set between them while maintaining the orientation of the bars. The upper fixture consists of a third cylindrical bar, also 3.175mm in diameter and 110mm long, made of polished stainless steel mounted at each end with frictionless rolling bearings. When in position the bar of the upper fixture is parallel to and aligned in the fore-aft direction with the bars of the lower fixture and centred between them. Both fixtures contain integral adaptors suitable to fit into their respective positions on the universal test frame and lock them in place so that the bars are perpendicular to the movement of the cross beam of the test frame.

[0205] Test specimens for bending resistance measurements are prepared from the test samples previously prepared for flexible bond channel depth measurements and labeled with a number as follows: Each individually prepared test specimen is 5.3 mm wide and has a length of at least 35 mm. The width of the test specimen is centered over the width of the flexible bond channel area, and the length of the test specimen is parallel to the longitudinal direction of the channel. The test specimen includes a channel area where a 35 mm line was previously drawn in the channel during specimen preparation. From each of the test samples labeled with a number, two test specimens are prepared, one from the bond channel area from the flexible bond channel area on the left side of the test sample, and one from the flexible bond channel area on the right side of the test sample. Each test specimen is obtained from the same area of ​​the flexible bond channel area previously analyzed for channel depth, indicated by the 35 mm line drawn during sample preparation. A total of 10 flexible bond channel area test specimens are prepared (five left and five right) and labeled with a number (i.e., i L ~v L and i R ~v R ).

[0206] The gap ("span") between each bar of the lower fixture is set to 20 mm ± 0.5 mm (from center of bar to center of bar) with the center of the upper bar aligned with the midpoint between each of the lower bars. L Apply a load to the test specimen so that its long sides are perpendicular to and rest on the two lower bars of the fixture, ensuring that the body-facing surface of the specimen is centred under the upper bars with the upper bar facing it. Move the vertical position of the upper bar until its bottom edge is 1 mm above the surface of the specimen, then bring the crosshead position to zero.

[0207] The universal testing frame for the bend test is programmed to move the crosshead such that the upper fixture moves downward relative to the lower fixture at a rate of 1.0 mm / sec from the 0 position for a total distance of 12 mm. The crosshead is then immediately returned to the original gauge at a rate of 1.0 mm / sec. Force (N) and displacement (mm) data are collected continuously at 50 Hz throughout the test. The width of the specimen is recorded as 5.3 mm. The test is started and time, force, and displacement data are collected continuously.

[0208] A graph of force (N) versus displacement (mm) was drawn for specimen i. L From the graph, the maximum peak force is determined, and the flexible bond channel MD peak load, MD peak iL The slope of the initial linear portion of the curve before the peak is calculated to obtain the flexible bond channel MD stiffness. iL The energy to peak is calculated as the area under the force versus displacement curve from the initial point to the peak force, and is recorded to the nearest 0.005 N / mm. The energy to peak is calculated as the area under the force versus displacement curve from the initial point to the peak force, and is defined as the flexible bond channel MD energy to peak, MDPE. iL As, 0.01N * The unit of measurement is recorded in mm. Similarly, the measurement of specimen i taken from the right channel of specimen i R Repeat the whole procedure for the left specimen i L and right test piece i R Calculate the arithmetic mean for each parameter over the values ​​obtained for the dry MD peak i The dry MD stiffness was recorded to the nearest 0.01 N. i Record to the nearest 0.005 N / mm and measure the dry MDPE i As, 0.01N * Record in mm. Similarly, all ten flexible bond channel area specimens (i L ~v L and i R ~v RRepeat the procedure for the test samples i through v. Calculate the arithmetic mean of each parameter over the values ​​obtained for test samples i through v and report it as dry MD peak to the nearest 0.01 N; dry MD stiffness to the nearest 0.005 N / mm; and dry MD energy to peak to the nearest 0.01 N. * Report in mm.

[0209] Flexible Bonding Channel CD Bending Test: The CD bending strength of a new set of prepared specimens is measured in the same universal constant rate of extension (CRE) test frame using the same three-point bending fixture and load cell as described above for the MD bending strength measurements.

[0210] A new set of test specimens is prepared as follows: Unfold the absorbent article if necessary, then remove the protective cover (i.e., wrapper or release paper) on the panty fastening adhesive. Lightly dust the adhesive with talc powder to reduce adhesion. The test specimen has a width of 25.4 mm (parallel to the longitudinal axis of the article) and a length equal to the distance from the left edge to the right edge of the article (approximately 70 mm). The test specimen is taken from an area of ​​the article where the flexible bond channel area is oriented parallel to the longitudinal axis of the article, and the selected area is free of fold or wrinkle residue. Ideally, the test specimen is taken from the center of the article (the intersection of the longitudinal and lateral centerlines). A total of 10 replicate test specimens are prepared. The specimen is mounted on a three-point bending fixture so that five "channeled" replicas bend along the bond channel (i.e., the top central blade is parallel to the channel and centered above the channel) and the other five "non-channeled" replicas bend along the non-channeled region of the specimen.

[0211] The gap ("span") between each bar of the lower fixture is set at 25 mm ± 0.5 mm (from center of bar to center of bar) and the center of the upper bar is aligned with the midpoint between each lower bar. The first "channeled" specimen is mounted so that it rests on the two lower bars of the fixture with the lateral outer edge of the specimen oriented parallel to the bars. The specimen is positioned so that the bond channel is parallel to the upper bar and centered under the upper bar with the body-facing surface of the specimen facing the upper bar. In this position, the specimen is bent along the flexible bond channel region. The vertical position of the upper bar is moved until the bottom edge of the upper bar is 1 mm above the surface of the specimen, then the crosshead position is zeroed. The universal testing frame for the bending test is programmed to move the crosshead so that the upper fixture moves downwards relative to the lower fixture at a rate of 1.0 mm / sec for a total distance of 12 mm from the zero position. The crosshead is then immediately returned to the original gauge at a rate of 1.0 mm / sec. Force (N) and displacement (mm) data are collected continuously at 50 Hz throughout the test. The specimen width is recorded as 25.4 mm. The test is started and time, force, and displacement data are collected continuously.

[0212] A graph of force (N) versus displacement (mm) is prepared for the channeled specimen. The slope of the initial linear portion of the curve is calculated and recorded to the nearest 0.005 N / mm as the Dry Flexible Bonded Channel CD Bending Resistance. Similarly, the entire procedure is repeated for a total of five "channeled" specimens. The arithmetic mean of the slope values ​​across the five "channeled" specimens is then calculated and reported to the nearest 0.005 N / mm as the Dry Flexible Bonded Channel CD Bending Resistance.

[0213] The "no channel" specimen is tested similarly except for the positioning of the specimen. The "no channel" specimen is mounted on a three-point bending fixture such that the lateral outer edges of the specimen rest on the two lower bars of the fixture with the lateral outer edges oriented parallel to the bars. The specimen is positioned so that the no channel area of ​​the specimen is centered under the upper bar and the body-facing surface of the specimen faces the upper bar. In this position, the specimen is bent along an area that does not include any portion of the flexible bond channel area. The vertical position of the upper bar is moved until the bottom edge of the upper bar is 1 mm above the surface of the specimen, and then the crosshead position is taken to zero. The test is then run as described above and time, force, and displacement data are continuously collected.

[0214] A graph of force (N) versus displacement (mm) is prepared for the "no channel" specimen. The slope of the initial linear portion of the curve is calculated and recorded as the dry no channel CD bending resistance to the nearest 0.005 N / mm. Similarly, the entire procedure is repeated for a total of five "no channel" specimens. The arithmetic mean of the slope values ​​across the five "no channel" specimens is then calculated and reported as the dry no channel CD bending resistance to the nearest 0.005 N / mm.

[0215] Examples / Data The following data and examples, including comparative examples, are provided to help illustrate the upper and lower nonwoven layers, absorbent core structures, and / or absorbent articles described herein. The illustrated structures are provided for illustrative purposes only and should not be construed as limiting the invention, as many variations thereof are possible without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure.

[0216] Nonwoven Material Testing The nonwoven layer materials are tested to evaluate the ability of the nonwoven material to undergo strain (stretch) in balanced extension and recover to its original state (simulating physical deformation during use). Samples F-H are comparative examples. Testing is performed according to the CD cyclic extension method to 3% strain and the strain to break method described herein. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0217] [Table 1] 1 Available as ATB Z87G-40 from Xiamen Yanjan New Material Co. (China) 2 Available from Sandler GmbH, Germany as Sawasoft® 53FC041001 3 Available from Sandler GmbH, Germany as Sawasoft® 553FC041005 (option 82) 4 Available as Aura 20 from Xiamen Yanjan New Material Co. (China) 5 Available from Jacob Holms Industries, Germany as S25000541R01 6 Available from dPFNonwovens Czech SRO (Czech Republic) as PFNZN 18G BICO8020 PHI 6 7 Available from dPFNonwovens Czech SRO (Czech Republic) as PEGZN25 BICO7030 Phobic 8 Available from DunnPaper (USA) as 3028

[0218] Suitable nonwoven layer materials have been found to distort (stretch) with a balanced stretch-to-recovery behavior. If the nonwoven layer material stretches plastically (i.e., stretches but does not recover) as the fluff / AGM matrix in the inner core layer stretches, there will be insufficient recovery energy to return to the initial pre-stretch state, and the nonwoven layer material will become permanently distorted (stretched). The upper nonwoven layer of the present disclosure may have a permanent set value of less than about 0.013. At the same time, when the nonwoven layer material is actively distorted, for example, by more than 5%, the nonwoven layer material should retain its integrity and not break or rupture (see, for example, sample H, which breaks and has a breaking strain of less than 5%). The nonwoven layer of the present disclosure may have a breaking strain of greater than about 10%.

[0219] The nonwoven layer materials described above are also evaluated for their ability to bend, deform, and recover to their original state. This test is performed according to the wet and dry CD ultrasensitive three-point bending method described herein. The results are shown in Table 2.

[0220] [Table 2]

[0221] During walking, the absorbent article is compressed and flexed from side to side in a cyclical pattern as the gap between the wearer's legs narrows and then expands with the movement of the wearer's legs. Without being limited by theory, it is believed that the absorbent article is compressed and flexed from side to side in a cyclical pattern as the gap between the wearer's legs narrows and then expands with the movement of the wearer's legs. * A nonwoven layer material having a dry bending energy of less than 0.03 N would readily allow this bending compression to occur, but would not be so stiff as to prevent bending compression. At the same time, following bending compression, the nonwoven layer must be able to maintain sufficient dry recovery energy to return the fluff / AGM matrix in the nonwoven layer and inner core layer to their initial pre-bending state. The upper nonwoven layer of the present disclosure has a dry bending energy of about 0.03 N. * The dry recovery energy value may be greater than 1.5 mm.

[0222] Samples A to E had dry peak loads of 0.03N to 0.38N and dry peak loads of 0.032 to 0.092N.* The comparative samples F and G exhibited dry peak loads of 0.01 N and 0.03 N, respectively, and dry recovery energies of 0.005 N, respectively, demonstrating that these materials bend easily and have sufficient dry recovery energies to recover to their initial unbended state. * mm and 0.019N * Sample H (comparative) exhibited a dry peak load of 0.04 N and a dry recovery energy of 0.031 N, demonstrating that these materials bend easily but do not have sufficient recovery energy to recover to their initial unbended state after compression. * However, Sample H is found to tear when wet, rendering it insufficient to function as an upper and / or lower nonwoven layer of the present disclosure.

[0223] Without being limited by theory, it is believed that nonwoven layer materials comprising thick fibers (about 2.0 Dtex to about 10 Dtex) arranged in a network structure are able to carry mechanical loads within the fiber network and allow the absorbent core structure and / or absorbent article to return to its original shape after bending and compression. Samples F and G comprise relatively fine fibers (less than about 2.0 Dtex), while Samples A-E comprise fiber blends having fiber sizes from about 2.2 Dtex to about 10 Dtex.

[0224] Absorbent Core Structure Testing The absorbent core structures are tested to evaluate their ability to compress (simulating compression experienced between the legs of a wearer) and recover to their original state. Examples 1-3 in Table 3 show absorbent core structures as described herein. Comparative Examples A-C are comparative examples. Descriptions of Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples A-C are provided in Table 3. The absorbent core structures are prepared as described hereinafter. The absorbent core structures are evaluated according to the wet and dry bunch compression methods described herein. Results are provided in Table 4.

[0225] [Table 3] 1 Available as ATB Z87G-40 from Xiamen Yanjan New Material Co. (China) 3 Available from Sandler GmbH, Germany as Sawasoft® 553FC041005 (option 82) 4 Available as Aura 20 from Xiamen Yanjan New Material Co. (China) 5 Available from Jacob Holms Industries, Germany as S25000541R01 6 Available from dPFNonwovens Czech SRO (Czech Republic) as PFNZN 18G BICO8020 PHI 6 8 Available from DunnPaper (USA) as 3028 9 Available from Evonik (Germany) as Favor SXM9745 10 Available from Resolute Alabama (USA) as item 9E3-COOSABSORB S 11 Available from Fitesa (Germany) as article 4004416 (MR3585374)

[0226] The absorbent core structures listed in Table 3 are produced as detailed herein. Specifically, the upper nonwoven layer is first introduced onto a forming drum in the laydown section and stretched under vacuum into a three-dimensional pocket shape. A homogeneous flow of fluff (cellulose) and AGM materials is deposited directly onto the upper nonwoven layer in the forming station. Before entering the forming station, the upper nonwoven is coated with a spray adhesive (Technomelt DM 9036U, 6 gsm continuous meltblown spiral, 50 mm wide, available from Henkel, Germany) to provide a stronger connection of the fluff (cellulose) and AGM to the upper nonwoven layer without impeding the flow of liquid into the fluff / AGM matrix. Upon exiting the laydown section, the lower nonwoven web is combined with the nonwoven carrying the homogeneous blend of fluff / AGM. This bottom nonwoven is pre-coated with adhesive (Technomelt DM 9036U available from Henkel, Germany) to allow a perimeter seal (10 gsm meltblown spiral, 20 mm wide on the sides) and in the center a 6 gsm, 50 mm wide continuous meltblown spiral adhesive (Technomelt DM 9036U available from Henkel, Germany) is applied to better integrate the fluff / AGM matrix.

[0227] Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples A and B also have the structural bonds shown in FIG. 4 with the profile shown in FIG. 5. Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples A and B have a structural bond spacing of 32 mm×16 mm, thereby accounting for a total structural bond site area of ​​1.38% of the total area of ​​the absorbent core structure. Comparative Example C is identical to Comparative Example B, except that Comparative Example C has a structural bond spacing of 10 mm×10 mm, thereby accounting for a total structural bond site area of ​​6.28% of the total area of ​​the absorbent core structure. The structural bonds are applied using a heated aluminum die to form an embossed pattern in a heated hydraulic press. The structural bond embossing plate has a 3.55 mm diameter embossing plate as shown in FIG. 4. 2and protrusions of about 1 mm height, with the profile shown in FIG. 5. The structural bonds are spaced according to the separation dimensions above. The structural bond embossing plate is heated to 120° C. and set to a compression pressure of 170 kPa. The absorbent article is placed and oriented under the heated embossing plate on the bottom plate of the hydraulic press, and a sheet of thin Teflon™ film is placed over the sample prior to embossing to avoid melting the topsheet fibers. The hydraulic press is turned on and the sample is compressed for a dwell time of 1.7 seconds to create the structural bond pattern.

[0228] Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples A-C also have flexible bond channel regions applied with the pattern shown in FIG. 7A. The flexible bond channel regions are applied using a heated aluminum die to create an embossed pattern in a heated hydraulic press. The flexible bond channel embossing plate is about 3 mm long and about 1.5 mm wide with protrusions spaced about 1.5 mm apart. The bond channel embossing plate is heated to 120° C. and set to a compression pressure of 200 kPa. The absorbent article is placed and oriented under the heated embossing plate on the hydraulic press bottom plate, and a sheet of thin Teflon™ film is placed over the sample prior to embossing to avoid melting the topsheet fibers. The hydraulic press is activated and the sample is compressed for a dwell time of 1.7 seconds to create the embossed pattern.

[0229] [Table 4]

[0230] It has been found that absorbent core structures comprising nonwoven layer materials with sufficient elasticity and recovery energy can recover to the original pre-compression absorbent core structure shape. *The structures exhibit a fifth cycle wet recovery energy of over 0.26 to 0.59 N, and a fifth cycle wet maximum compression force of 207 to 213 gf. Although these structures exhibit low compression forces (feeling softer and more flexible because they exhibit lower resistance), they are still able to recover their shape as the structures are cyclically compressed and released. Comparative Examples A to C, however, exhibit compression forces of 0.26 to 0.59 N. * Figure 1 shows the 5th cycle wet recovery energy in mm. Without sufficient recovery energy after 5 cycles of compression, Comparative Examples A-C remain in a clumped state compressed with insufficient force (stored energy) to recover their original pre-compressed shape.

[0231] The absorbent core structure and / or absorbent article of the present disclosure may have a resistance of about 1.0 N * mm or about 1.0 to about 3.5 N * The absorbent core structure and / or absorbent article of the present disclosure may have a 5th cycle wet maximum compression of greater than about 150 gf, preferably greater than about 200 gf, or from about 150 gf to about 225 gf.

[0232] It has been found that while an individual nonwoven material may have a sufficient breaking strain % in the breaking strain method, when incorporated into an absorbent core structure, the nonwoven material may not provide enough recovery energy (e.g., in Comparative Example A) for the entire absorbent core structure to return to its original pre-compressed shape. For example, in Comparative Example A, the fiber basis weight and caliper of the upper nonwoven material when combined with a thinner lower nonwoven material is 1.0 N * Provides a 5th cycle wet recovery energy of less than mm.

[0233] Final Product Testing The absorbent articles are tested to evaluate the ability of the wrapped absorbent core structure to compress (simulating compression experienced between the legs of a wearer) and recover to its original state. Examples 4-7 show absorbent articles as described herein. Comparative Examples D and E are comparative examples. Comparative Examples F-L are commercially available end products. Descriptions of Examples 4-7 and Comparative Examples D-E are listed in Table 5a. Descriptions of Comparative Examples F-L are listed in Tables 5b and 5c. Examples 4-7 and Comparative Examples D and E are prepared as described below. The absorbent articles of Tables 5a and 5b are evaluated according to the wet and dry CD and MD 3-point bending method, the wet and dry bunching compression method, and the light touch rewet method as described herein. The results are shown in Table 6.

[0234] [Table 5] 1 Available as ATB Z87G-40 from Xiamen Yanjan New Material Co. (China) 2 Available from Sandler GmbH, Germany as Sawasoft® 53FC041001 3 Available from Sandler GmbH, Germany as Sawasoft® 553FC041005 (option 82) 4 Available as Aura 20 from Xiamen Yanjan New Material Co. (China) 5 Available from Jacob Holms Industries, Germany as S25000541R01 6 Available from dPFNonwovens Czech SRO (Czech Republic) as PFNZN 18G BICO8020 PHI 6 8 Available from DunnPaper (USA) as 3028 9Available from Evonik (Germany) as Favor SXM9745 10 Available from Resolute Alabama (USA) as item 9E3-COOSABSORBS 12 The nonwoven topsheet "Nonwoven SG" is a nonwoven web according to U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2019 / 0380887.

[0235] [Table 6]

[0236] [Table 7]

[0237] Examples 4-7 and Comparative Examples D and E include the structures detailed for Examples 1-3 in Table 3 with the same adhesive design and the same 32 mm x 16 mm structural bond pattern in the absorbent core structure (total structural bond site area of ​​1.38% of the total area of ​​the absorbent core structure). In addition, the absorbent articles include a nonwoven topsheet web as detailed in U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2019 / 0380887, bonded to the absorbent core structure with the application of a spray adhesive (Technomelt DM 9036U, 3 gsm continuous meltblown spiral, 50 mm wide, 150 mm long, available from Henkel, Germany). In addition, a 12 gsm polypropylene backsheet is bonded to the outer facing surface of the lower nonwoven by application of a spray adhesive (Technomelt DM 9036U available from Henkel, Germany, 3 gsm continuous meltblown spiral, 50 mm wide, 150 mm long).

[0238] Examples 4-7 and Comparative Examples D and E also have the structural bond shown in FIG. 4 with the profile shown in FIG. 5. The structural bond is applied using a heated aluminum die to form an embossed pattern in a heated hydraulic press. The structural bond embossing plate is 3.55 mm thick as shown in FIG. 2 and approximately 1 mm high projections, with the profile shown in FIG. 5. The structural bonds are spaced according to the separation dimensions above. The structural bond embossing plate is heated to 120° C. and set at a compression pressure of 170 kPa. The absorbent article is placed and oriented under the heated embossing plate on the bottom plate of the hydraulic press, and a sheet of thin Teflon™ film is placed over the sample prior to embossing to avoid melting the topsheet fibers. The hydraulic press is turned on and the sample is compressed for a dwell time of 1.7 seconds to create the structural bond pattern.

[0239] Prior to bonding the backsheet, flexible bond channel areas are applied to Examples 4-7 and Comparative Examples D and E with the pattern shown in FIG. 7A. The flexible bond channel areas are applied using a heated aluminum die to create an embossed pattern in a heated hydraulic press. The flexible bond channel embossing plate is about 3 mm long and about 1.5 mm wide with protrusions spaced about 1.5 mm apart. The bond channel embossing plate is heated to 120° C. and set to a compression pressure of 200 kPa. The absorbent article is placed and oriented under the heated embossing plate on the hydraulic press bottom plate, and a sheet of thin Teflon™ film is placed over the sample prior to embossing to avoid melting the topsheet fibers. The hydraulic press is activated and the sample is compressed for a dwell time of 1.7 seconds to create the embossed pattern.

[0240] [Table 8]

[0241] In order to provide high body conformity, the absorbent article of the present disclosure has a compressive strength of about 10 to about 30 N.* mm 2 , or about 10 to about 25N * mm 2 It is believed that the absorbent article of the present disclosure can exhibit a low CD dry bending stiffness (i.e., high flexibility) of about 1.0 to about 3.5 N. In addition, in order to provide an absorbent article that can be compressed with the movement of the body and can recover to its original uncompressed state against the user's body, the absorbent article of the present disclosure can exhibit a low CD dry bending stiffness (i.e., high flexibility). * It is believed that the absorbent articles of the present disclosure may have a 5th Cycle Wet Recovery Energy of about 0.5 mm and / or a 5th Cycle Wet Recovery % of about 29% to about 40%. The absorbent articles of the present disclosure may also maintain good fluid handling resulting in low light touch rewet of about 0 to about 0.15 g.

[0242] In Examples 4 to 7, the pressure is 13.0 to 18.7 N. * mm 2 and 5th cycle wet recovery % in wet and dry bunch compression tests of 29-36%, demonstrating that these structures can maintain their shape during use. Comparative Examples D and E exhibited CD dry bending stiffnesses of 9.1 and 13.0 N, respectively. * mm 2 However, Comparative Examples D and E exhibit a 5th cycle wet recovery % in the wet and dry bunching compression method that is less than 29%, demonstrating that these structures are unable to maintain their shape and remain bunched during use. Comparative Examples F-L are commercially available finished products and exhibit a CD dry bending stiffness of 29-47.5 N. * mm 2 , demonstrating that the construct is less flexible and less compliant.

[0243] Without being limited by theory, it is believed that in order to maintain a comfortable shape recovery after compression, sufficient recovery energy is required to push the absorbent article on the panty back to its pre-compression shape. At the same time, the absorbent article (via the absorbent core structure) must recover along the same path as compression to return to its pre-compression position. The fifth cycle wet recovery energy is approximately 1.0 N. *If the fifth cycle wet recovery energy value is less than about mm, the absorbent article may not have the necessary recovery energy to recover its shape. If the fifth cycle wet recovery energy value is too high, the recovery may be too strong, causing the wearer to feel that the absorbent article does not stay in place. If the fifth cycle wet recovery % value is low (less than about 29%), the absorbent article may not return to its pre-compression shape and may remain deformed and bunched. If the fifth cycle wet recovery % value is too high (more than about 40%), it is suggested that the absorbent article may recover too strongly to a flat shape when first applied to the wearer's panties, as opposed to the shape to the wearer's body.

[0244] Structural Integration Testing The absorbent core structures are tested to evaluate the effect of structural bond regions on flexibility and bending stiffness. Example 8 does not feature any structural bonds within the absorbent core structure. Examples 9 and 10 have the structural bonds shown in Figure 4 with the profile shown in Figure 5. Examples 8-10 are prepared as described below. Wet and dry MD 3-point bending results are shown in Table 7.

[0245] [Table 9] 3 Available from Sandler GmbH, Germany as Sawasoft® 553FC041005 (option 82) 9 Available from Evonik (Germany) as Favor SXM9745 10 Available from Resolute Alabama (USA) as item 9E3-COOSABSORBS 13 Available from Union Industries SpA. (Italy) as 10 SMS PHILIC

[0246] Table 7 shows the effect of total structural bond site area and spacing. The asymmetric structural bond shape shown in FIG. 4 and the profile shown in FIG.2 The MD dry bending stiffness is found to increase with structural bond area. Example 8 has a non-structural bond and a maximum area of ​​9.8 N * mm 2 Example 9 has a structural bond spacing of 32 mm x 16 mm (total structural bond site area of ​​1.38% of the total area of ​​the absorbent core structure) and exhibits a MD dry bending stiffness of 19.2 N. * mm 2 Example 10 has a structural bond spacing of 16 mm x 16 mm (total structural bond site area of ​​3.96% of the total area of ​​the absorbent core structure) and exhibits a MD dry bending stiffness of 29.6 N. * mm 2 In order to maintain the absorbent core structure and / or absorbent article in a soft and conformable front-to-back (MD) direction of wear, the absorbent core structure and / or absorbent article should exhibit a MD dry bending stiffness of about 10 to about 30 N. * mm 2 It is considered that the MD dry bending stiffness can be

[0247] The absorbent core structures listed in Table 7 are produced as detailed herein. Specifically, a 50 gsm elastic spunlace 6 top nonwoven is first introduced onto a forming drum in the laydown section and stretched under vacuum into a three-dimensional pocket shape. A homogeneous flow of fluff (cellulose) and AGM material is deposited directly onto the top nonwoven material in the forming station. Before entering the forming station, the top nonwoven is coated with a spray adhesive (Technomelt DM 9036U, 6 gsm continuous meltblown spiral, 50 mm wide, available from Henkel, Germany) to provide a stronger connection of the fluff (cellulose) and AGM to the top nonwoven layer without impeding the flow of liquid into the fluff / AGM mass. Upon exiting the laydown section, a 10 gsm SMS bottom nonwoven web is combined with the nonwoven carrying a homogeneous blend of the fluff (cellulose) and AGM layers. This bottom nonwoven is pre-coated with adhesive (Technomelt DM 9036U available from Henkel, Germany) to allow for a perimeter seal (10 gsm meltblown spiral, 20 mm wide at the sides) and in the center, a 6 gsm, 50 mm wide continuous meltblown spiral adhesive (Technomelt DM 9036U available from Henkel, Germany) is applied to better integrate the fluff / AGM mass. Structural bonds as shown in FIG. 4 with the profile shown in FIG. 5 are applied to Examples 9 and 10. The structural bonds of Example 9 have a spacing of 32 mm×16 mm, thereby occupying a total structural bond site area of ​​1.38% of the total area of ​​the absorbent core structure. The structural bonds of Example 10 have a spacing of 16 mm×16 mm, thereby occupying a total structural bond site area of ​​3.96% of the total area of ​​the absorbent core structure with this structural bond profile. The total area of ​​the absorbent core structure is measured according to the structural bond site pattern spacing and area measurement method. The structural bonds are applied in the same manner as described above for Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples A and B.

[0248] Flexible Bonding Channel Area Test The absorbent articles are tested to evaluate the effect of the flexible bonded channel regions on MD and CD dry bending resistance. In particular, the absorbent articles are tested to evaluate the ability of the flexible bonded channel regions to bend in the MD, i.e., longitudinal direction (or front-to-back direction) (see Table 9), and the CD (side-to-side direction) (see Table 10). Example 11 illustrates an absorbent article as described herein. Comparative Examples M-Q are commercially available finished products with embossed channels. A description of Example 11 is listed in Table 8a. A description of Comparative Examples M-Q is listed in Tables 8b and 8c. Example 11 is prepared as described for Example 4 in Table 5a above. Example 11 and Comparative Examples M-Q are evaluated according to the Flexible Bonded Channel Depth Method and the Flexible Bonded Channel MD Bending Resistance Method, with the results shown in Table 9. Example 11 is evaluated according to the Flexible Bonded Channel CD Bending Resistance Method, with the results shown in Table 10.

[0249] [Table 10] 1 Available as ATB Z87G-40 from Xiamen Yanjan New Material Co. (China) 6 Available from dPFNonwovens Czech SRO (Czech Republic) as PFNZN 18G BICO8020 PHI 6 9 Available from Evonik (Germany) as Favor SXM9745 10 Available from Resolute Alabama (USA) as item 9E3-COOSABSORBS 12 The nonwoven topsheet "Nonwoven SG" is a nonwoven web according to U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2019 / 0380887.

[0250] [Table 11]

[0251] [Table 12]

[0252] [Table 13]

[0253] It has been found that Example 11 has a clearly defined flexible bond channel region that exhibits a depth-to-thickness ratio of 69% but requires less force of only 0.0969N to bend and a dry MD bending resistance of only 0.0244N / mm. In contrast, Comparative Examples M-Q have a depth-to-thickness ratio of 33%-66% and require a force of 0.2074N-0.518N to bend. Comparative Examples M-Q also exhibit dry MD bending resistance of 0.0459-0.1305, demonstrating that the channel-like structures in these products have a higher resistance to bending (i.e., are less flexible). Without being limited by theory, it is believed that consumers who wear the absorbent article shown in Example 11 experience a product that conforms to their body with less resistance and pressure against the body, resulting in an absorbent article that fits closer and more comfortably.

[0254] [Table 14]

[0255] It can be seen that the dry flexible bond CD bending resistance in the flexible bond channel area is lower than that in the non-channel area adjacent to the flexible bond channel area. Example 11 shows a CD bending resistance index (ratio of dry non-channel CD bending resistance to dry flexible bond CD bending resistance) of 1.7. This confirms that the flexible bond channel area can bend easily in the channel with lower CD bending resistance. Viewing Tables 9 and 10 together, it can be seen that the dry CD bending resistance and dry MD bending resistance values ​​of Example 11 are comparable to those of Comparative Examples MQ and are significantly lower than Comparative Examples MQ. Example 11 demonstrates low resistance to bending in both MD and CD directions, and therefore it is believed that Example 11 can closely and comfortably fit a wide range of anatomical body shapes.

[0256] Combinations / Examples Paragraph A. A disposable absorbent article comprising: a front end region, a rear end region, and an intermediate region disposed between the front end region and the rear end region; a topsheet, a backsheet, an absorbent core structure disposed between the topsheet and the backsheet, the absorbent core structure comprising: (a) an upper nonwoven layer comprising polymeric fibers; (b) a lower nonwoven layer comprising polymeric fibers; and (c) an inner core layer disposed between the upper nonwoven layer and the lower nonwoven layer, the inner core layer comprising cellulose fibers and superabsorbent particles; and a flexible bonded channel region formed in at least the intermediate region, the disposable absorbent article having a dry channel depth of at least 1.0 mm and a channel width of about 1.0 mm to about 3.0 mm, and having a CD bending resistance index of about 1.1 to about 3.0 and a dry MD bending resistance of less than about 0.04 N / mm, preferably about 0.005 to about 0.035 N / mm, as measured according to the Flexible Bonded Channel MD Bending Resistance Method.

[0257] Paragraph B. A disposable absorbent article according to Paragraph A, wherein the flexible bonded channel region has a minimum channel length of at least about 50 mm.

[0258] Paragraph C. The disposable absorbent article of paragraph A or B, wherein the flexible bonding channel area includes one or more flexible bonding embossments and one or more flexible bonding land areas disposed between each of the flexible bonding embossments.

[0259] Paragraph D. A disposable absorbent article as described in Paragraph C, wherein a thickness "T2" of each of the flexible bond land areas may be about 50% to about 70% of a thickness "T" of the absorbent article.

[0260] Paragraph E. The disposable absorbent article of paragraph C or D, wherein the flexible bond embossment has an embossment area and the flexible bond channel region has a channel area, and the embossment area is between 22% and 65% of the channel area.

[0261] Paragraph F. The disposable absorbent article of any one of Paragraphs C through E, wherein the flexible bond embossment has an embossment length of from about 1.0 mm to about 4.0 mm.

[0262] Paragraph G. The disposable absorbent article of any one of Paragraphs C-F, wherein each of the flexible bond land areas has a length of from about 0.5 mm to about 4 mm.

[0263] Paragraph H. The disposable absorbent article of any one of Paragraphs A-G, wherein the absorbent article comprises an inner flexible bond channel region and an outer flexible bond channel region.

[0264] Paragraph I. The absorbent article has a tensile strength of about 0.045 g / cm 3 ~Approx. 0.15g / cm 3 The disposable absorbent article of any one of paragraphs A-H, having an average density of

[0265] J. The disposable absorbent article of any one of paragraphs AI, wherein the upper nonwoven has a basis weight of from about 35 gsm to about 85 gsm.

[0266] K. The disposable absorbent article of any one of paragraphs A-J, wherein the bottom nonwoven has a basis weight of from about 10 gsm to about 40 gsm.

[0267] Paragraph L. The disposable absorbent article of any one of Paragraphs A-K, wherein the inner core layer comprises cellulosic fibers of from about 125 to about 400 gsm.

[0268] Paragraph M. The disposable absorbent article of any one of Paragraphs A-L, wherein the inner core layer comprises from about 50% to about 85% cellulosic fibers, by weight of the inner core layer, and from about 15% to about 50% superabsorbent particles, by weight of the inner core layer.

[0269] Paragraph N. The absorbent article has a strength of about 10 N when measured according to the wet and dry CD and MD three-point bending method. * mm 2 ~About 30N * mm 2 and a 5th cycle wet recovery of from about 29% to about 40%, as measured according to the Wet and Dry Bundle Compression Method.

[0270] Paragraph O. The flexible bond channel area has a surface area of ​​0.05 g / cm 3 ~0.3g / cm 3 The disposable absorbent article of any one of paragraphs A-N, having a channel density of

[0271] Paragraph P. The absorbent article further comprises a structural bond region, and in some configurations, the structural bond region is about 2 mm 2 ~about 5mm 2 The disposable absorbent article of any one of paragraphs A-O, having a bond area of

[0272] Paragraph Q. A disposable absorbent article comprising a topsheet, a backsheet, and an absorbent core disposed between the topsheet and the backsheet, the topsheet forming a wearer-facing surface of the absorbent article and the backsheet forming an exterior-facing surface of the absorbent article, the absorbent core structure comprising: (a) an upper nonwoven layer comprising polymeric fibers; (b) a lower nonwoven layer comprising polymeric fibers; and (c) an inner core layer disposed between the upper and lower nonwoven layers, the inner core layer comprising cellulosic fibers and superabsorbent particles, the inner core layer comprising cellulosic fibers of from about 125 gsm to about 400 gsm, the wearer-facing surface of the absorbent article having a dry MD bending strength of less than about 0.04 N / mm and a dry MD bending strength of less than about 0.05 g / cm when measured according to the Flexible Bonded Channel MD Bending Strength Method. 3 ~about 0.3g / cm 3 A disposable absorbent article comprising a flexible bonded channel region having a channel density of

[0273] Paragraph R. The disposable absorbent article of Paragraph Q, wherein the flexible bond channel region has a channel depth of at least 1 mm.

[0274] Paragraph S. The disposable absorbent article of Paragraph Q or R, wherein the flexible bond channel region has a channel width of from about 1.0 mm to about 3.0 mm.

[0275] Paragraph T. The disposable absorbent article of any one of Paragraphs Q-S, wherein the flexible bonded channel region has a minimum channel length of about 50 mm.

[0276] Paragraph U. A disposable absorbent article according to any one of Paragraphs Q through T, wherein the absorbent article has a thickness and the flexible bonded channel region has an average channel depth of about 20% to about 80% of the thickness of the absorbent article.

[0277] Paragraph V. The disposable absorbent article of any one of Paragraphs Q-U, wherein the outwardly facing surface includes one or more flexible bonding recesses.

[0278] Paragraph W. A disposable absorbent article comprising: a topsheet; a backsheet; an absorbent core structure disposed between the topsheet and the backsheet, the absorbent core structure comprising: an upper nonwoven layer comprising polymeric fibers; and an inner core layer comprising cellulosic fibers of from about 125 gsm to about 400 gsm, the inner core layer having a wearer-facing surface and an outward-facing surface, the upper nonwoven layer directly contacting the wearer-facing surface of the inner core layer; and a flexible bonded channel region comprising one or more flexible bonded embossments having an embossment length of from about 1.0 mm to about 4.0 mm, the flexible bonded channel region having a channel depth of at least 1.0 mm, and a channel width of from about 1.0 mm to about 3.0 mm, the flexible bonded channel region having a dry MD bending resistance of less than about 0.04 N / mm when measured according to the Flexible Bonded Channel MD Bending Resistance Method.

[0279] Paragraph Y. A disposable absorbent article according to Paragraph W, wherein the absorbent core structure further comprises a lower nonwoven layer comprising polymeric fibers and in direct contact with the outwardly facing surface of the inner core layer.

[0280] Paragraph X. The disposable absorbent article of Paragraphs WY, wherein the area of ​​the one or more flexible bond embossments may be from about 22% to about 65% of the flexible bond channel region area.

[0281] Paragraph Z. The one or more flexible bond channel regions have a tensile strength of about 0.05 g / cm 3 ~about 0.3g / cm 3 The disposable absorbent article of paragraphs WX having a channel density of

[0282] Paragraph A1. The disposable absorbent article of Paragraphs A-Z, wherein the inner core layer is contained within the nonwoven layer by substantially sealing at least the left and right regions of the upper and lower nonwoven layers.

[0283] Dimensions and values ​​disclosed herein should not be understood as being strictly limited to the exact numerical values ​​recited. Instead, unless otherwise specified, each such dimension is intended to mean both the recited value and a functionally equivalent range surrounding that value. For example, a dimension disclosed as "40 mm" is intended to mean "about 40 mm."

[0284] All documents cited herein, including cross-referenced documents or related patents or applications, are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety, unless expressly excluded or otherwise limited. The citation of any document shall not be deemed to be prior art to any invention disclosed or claimed herein, or to teach, suggest, or disclose any such invention, either alone or in combination with any other reference or references. Furthermore, if any meaning or definition of a term in this document conflicts with any meaning or definition of the same term in a document incorporated by reference, the meaning or definition given to that term in this document shall control.

[0285] While particular embodiments of the present invention have been illustrated and described, it would be obvious to those skilled in the art that various other changes and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. It is therefore intended to cover in the appended claims all such changes and modifications that are within the scope of this invention.

Claims

1. 1. A disposable absorbent article comprising: a front end region, a rear end region, and an intermediate region disposed between the front end region and the rear end region; Top sheet, Back seat, an absorbent core structure disposed between the topsheet and the backsheet, a. an upper nonwoven layer comprising polymeric fibers; b. a bottom nonwoven layer comprising polymeric fibers; c. an inner core layer disposed between the upper nonwoven layer and the lower nonwoven layer, the inner core layer comprising cellulose fibers and superabsorbent particles; an absorbent core structure comprising: a flexible coupling channel region formed in at least the intermediate region; A disposable absorbent article, wherein the flexible bonded channel region has a dry channel depth of at least 1.0 mm and a channel width of 1.0 mm to 3.0 mm, and the flexible bonded channel region has a CD bending resistance index of 1.1 to 3.0 and a dry MD bending resistance of less than 0.04 N / mm when measured according to the Flexible Bonded Channel MD Bending Resistance Method.

2. 2. The disposable absorbent article of claim 1, wherein said dry MD bending resistance, as measured according to said flexible bond channel MD bending resistance method, is between 0.005 and 0.035 N / mm.

3. The disposable absorbent article of claim 1 or 2, wherein said flexible bonded channel region has a minimum channel length of at least 50 mm.

4. The disposable absorbent article of any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the flexible bonding channel area comprises one or more flexible bonding embossments and one or more flexible bonding land areas disposed between each of the flexible bonding embossments.

5. The disposable absorbent article of claim 4, wherein the thickness of each of said flexible bond land areas may be between 50% and 70% of the thickness of said absorbent article.

6. The disposable absorbent article of claim 4, wherein said flexible bond embossment has an embossment area, said flexible bond channel region has a channel area, and said embossment area is between 22% and 65% of said channel area.

7. The disposable absorbent article of claim 4, wherein said flexible bond embossment has an embossment length of 1.0 mm to 4.0 mm.

8. The disposable absorbent article of claim 4, wherein each of said flexible bond land areas has a length of between 0.5 mm and 4 mm.

9. The disposable absorbent article of any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein said absorbent article comprises an inner flexible bond channel region and an outer flexible bond channel region.

10. The disposable absorbent article according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein said absorbent article has an average density of from 0.045 g / cm3 to 0.15 g / cm3.

11. The flexible bond channel area has a hardness of 0.05 g / cm ３ ~0.3g / cm ３ The disposable absorbent article of any one of claims 1 to 10, having a channel density of

12. The disposable absorbent article according to any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein said upper nonwoven has a basis weight of 35 gsm to 85 gsm.

13. The disposable absorbent article according to any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein the lower nonwoven has a basis weight of from 10 gsm to 40 gsm.

14. 14. The disposable absorbent article of any one of claims 1 to 13, wherein the inner core layer comprises 50% to 85% cellulosic fibers, by weight of the inner core layer, and 15% to 50% superabsorbent particles, by weight of the inner core layer.

15. The absorbent article has a strength of 10 N when measured according to the wet and dry CD and MD three-point bending method. ＊ mm2 to 30N ＊ 15. The disposable absorbent article of any one of claims 1 to 14, having a CD Dry Bending Stiffness of mm2 and a 5th cycle Wet Recovery of 29% to 40% as measured according to the Wet and Dry Bundle Compression Method.

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