Electric vehicle with a solar panel

Abstract

The present invention relates to an electric vehicle including one low-voltage battery, one high-voltage battery, a plurality of consecutive solar panels with n > 1, n DPP converters, and one string converter. In this case, the positive input part of each DPP converter is connected to the positive output part of each solar panel, the negative input part is connected to the negative output part of this solar panel, the positive output parts of the plurality of DPP converters are connected to the positive electrode of the low-voltage battery, the negative output parts of the plurality of DPP converters are connected to the negative electrodes of both batteries, the positive input part of the string converter is connected to one positive output part of the plurality of consecutive solar panels, the negative input part is connected to the reference potential, the positive output part of the string converter is connected to the positive electrode of the high-voltage battery, and the negative output part of the string converter is connected to the reference potential.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to an electric vehicle including a low-voltage battery, a high-voltage battery, a series string composed of a plurality of solar panels, and a plurality of DC / DC converters. In this case, a plurality of load-side positive output parts of these converters are connected to the positive electrode of one of these batteries, and a plurality of load-side negative output parts of these converters are connected to the negative electrode of this battery.

Background Art

[0002] U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 20070125417 discloses a solar energy system for a hybrid vehicle that utilizes solar panels that can be attached to receive solar energy and convert it into direct current electricity. A wiring harness sends the direct current electricity generated by the solar panels to a converter. The converter converts the direct current electricity from a relatively lower energy state to a relatively higher energy state.

[0003] U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 20130092457 discloses a solar cell device for an automobile including a plurality of solar modules that are electrically insulated from each other, receive solar radiation, and are adapted to convert the radiation into electrical energy. The device includes at least one DC / DC converter electrically connected to the plurality of electrically insulated modules that receive electrical energy from the plurality of solar modules and are adapted to boost the voltage to be distributed to at least one component of the automobile. These solar modules include a plurality of solar cells that receive solar radiation and are adapted to convert the radiation into electrical energy.

[0004] U.S. Patent No. 8,120,308 discloses a connection system adapted to charge a high-voltage battery in an electric vehicle having a plurality of low-voltage solar panels. The connection system includes a plurality of sets of power transmission lines for individually connecting each of these solar panels to each of a plurality of battery cells constituting the battery. By using the connection system, the high-voltage battery can be charged by these low-voltage solar panels without using a lossy DC / DC converter that converts the DC solar panel output to AC to convert it to a much higher voltage via the primary terminals of the battery before converting it back to DC for connection to the battery.

[0005] U.S. Patent No. 8,633,671 discloses a photovoltaic (PV) system for charging a high-voltage battery used to power an AC electric motor of an electric vehicle. A suitable PV system composed of internally connected solar cells, modules or arrays can be (designed to be) adapted to efficiently charge the high-voltage battery by matching the characteristics of the PV system to the fully charged voltage of the battery. Preferably, a charging efficiency of about 90% or more can be achieved by properly matching the PV system to the battery. A reconfigurable PV system based on an assembly of a plurality of solar modules is also described. The reconfigurable PV system allows itself to be properly matched to different various batteries. Each of these batteries can have a different voltage when fully charged. By using some reconfigurable PV systems, various batteries having different charging voltages can be charged simultaneously while fully utilizing all the performance of the PV system to charge the batteries.

[0006] U.S. Patent No. 9,583,939 discloses a photovoltaic power generation system provided to maximize photovoltaic power generation efficiency. The photovoltaic power generation system includes n power generation units connected in series and n - 1 DC / DC conversion units, and each of the n - 1 DC / DC conversion units is connected to at least one of the n power generation units. Each of the n - 1 DC / DC conversion units is configured to control a plurality of photovoltaic power generation units appropriately connected to operate at a target power generation. The photovoltaic power generation system further includes a control unit connected to the n - 1 DC / DC conversion units. The control unit monitors and compares the n currents generated by the n photovoltaic power generation units. Based on the current comparison, the control unit determines a direct current and controls the n photovoltaic power generation units such that each of the generated photocurrents is substantially equal to the determined direct current.

[0007] U.S. Patent No. 9,614,399 discloses a solar ECU built into a charge controller. The solar ECU is configured to temporarily store the power generated by the in-vehicle solar cell of the power supply unit in a low-voltage battery when the vehicle is running. Further, when the vehicle is running, the battery ECU built into the charge controller is configured to maintain the charging relay in an open state (cut-off state) so that the power temporarily stored in the low-voltage battery is not supplied to the main battery. On the other hand, when the vehicle is running, the solar ECU supplies the power temporarily stored in the low-voltage battery to the sub-battery.

[0008] U.S. Patent No. 9,799,779 discloses a system and method including a circuit for protecting a solar cell string. A bypass switch is connected in parallel with the solar cell string, and a hot spot protection switch is connected in series with the solar cell string. A first control signal controls the opening and closing of the bypass switch, and a second control signal controls the opening and closing of the hot spot protection switch. When detecting a hot spot state, the first control signal closes the bypass switch, and after the bypass switch is closed, the second control signal opens the hot spot protection switch.

[0009] U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2022 / 0045628 discloses a power conversion circuit. The power conversion circuit includes at least one DC bus. The power conversion circuit further includes a plurality of DC / AC conversion units connected to the DC bus and configured to convert a DC voltage into an AC voltage. The power conversion circuit also includes a multi-winding transformer consisting of one magnetic core and a plurality of windings. In this case, each of the DC / AC conversion units is connected to a corresponding winding of the multi-winding transformer.

[0010] Hoejeong Jeong, Hyunji Lee, Yu-Chen Liu, and Katherine A. Kim: "Review of Differential Power Processing Converter Techniques for Photovoltaic Applications", IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ENERGY CONVERSION, VOL. 34, NO. 1, MARCH 2019, pp. 351-360 reviews the differential power processing converter (DPP) used in photovoltaic (PV) power generation systems to achieve high-efficiency power output even under non-uniform solar radiation or unbalanced conditions of PV cells. Since the concept of this DPP was introduced to the PV system, various connection forms and control algorithms of the DPP conversion system have been proposed and verified, which present benefits over the solutions of the conventional series string converter and full power processing converter. However, the DPP system can be costly and difficult to control. Various architectures, connection forms, and control strategies for both the series DPP architecture and the parallel DPP architecture have been verified and compared. The trade-off between the differential DPP converter and the connection form has been investigated. Also, the power curves for PV connected to the bus architecture, PV connected to the PV architecture, and PV connected to the independent port series DPP architecture have been evaluated among the inventors.

[0011] Hoejeong Jeong et al. (FIG. 3) show a PV-bus-direct architecture that can reduce the total power required by a DPP converter (ideally 0 W when multiple solar cells are generating power under conditions where conditions such as aging degradation, radiation, and temperature are exactly equal). However, this architecture has the drawback that it can only be applied to one electrical network (either high voltage HV or low voltage LV). This means that additional losses occur when energy has to be transferred to the electrical network that is not directly connected to the solar panel.

Prior Art Documents

Patent Documents

[0012]

Patent Document 1

Patent Document 2

Patent Document 3

Patent Document 4

Patent Document 5

Patent Document 6

Patent Document 7

Patent Document 8

Non-Patent Documents

[0013]

Non-Patent Document 1

Summary of the Invention

Problems to be Solved by the Invention

[0014] The problem of the present invention is to solve at least part of the problems related to the prior art. A problem specific to the present invention is to provide a method that is significantly efficient and cost-effective using an in-vehicle solar panel to charge the battery of an electric vehicle.

Means for Solving the Problems

[0015] This problem is solved by the features of the independent claims. Advantageous embodiments are described, for example, in the dependent claims and / or the specification.

[0016] This problem is solved by an electric vehicle comprising, in particular, one low-voltage battery (LV), one high-voltage battery (HV), one series string consisting of a plurality of solar panels with n > 1, n first DC / DC converters DPP, and one second DC / DC converter (hereinafter also generally referred to as a "string converter" without losses). The positive input part on the power supply side of each said DPP converter is connected to the positive output part of each solar panel. The negative input part on the power supply side is connected to the negative output part of each of these solar panels. The positive output parts on the load side of the plurality of said DPP converters are connected to the positive pole of the low-voltage battery. The negative output parts on the load side of the plurality of said DPP converters are connected to the negative pole of the low-voltage battery. The positive input part on the power supply side of the said string converter is connected to one positive output part of the series string consisting of the plurality of solar panels. The negative input part on the power supply side is connected to the reference potential. The positive output part on the load side of the said string converter is connected to the positive pole of the high-voltage battery. The negative pole of the high-voltage battery may be connected to the reference potential. The negative output part on the load side of the said string converter is connected to the reference potential. A controller or control means is adapted to control the operation of the said string converter and the plurality of said DPP converters.

[0017] In this electric vehicle, since there is no need to transfer charging energy from the high-voltage battery to the low-voltage battery, there is an advantage that the overall efficiency improvement is achieved by direct power supply from the low-voltage battery via the output part of the DPP converter.

[0018] Furthermore, since the low-voltage battery is operated by a stable constant voltage and the control method tends to minimize the energy consumption, only a small amount of energy is supplied to the DPP converter. As a result, a generally low-capacity low-voltage battery is very well-suited. Additionally, the low-voltage battery can be downsized due to the fact that it is charged by the solar energy of the solar panel, even when the solar cell is generating power under non-uniform conditions such as manufacturing tolerances, different aging degradation, different solar irradiations, temperature, etc. Also, this reduces the cost. Furthermore, additional components such as switches are not required.

[0019] The electric vehicle may be a plug-in hybrid electric vehicle PHEV or a battery electric vehicle BEV. The electric vehicle may be a passenger car, a truck, a bus, a motorcycle, etc.

[0020] In particular, "positive" and "negative" are related to the electrodes or voltage levels.

[0021] In particular, the high-voltage battery is the battery EVB of an electric vehicle. The high-voltage battery HV may be, for example, a lithium-ion battery.

[0022] The low-voltage battery may be provided to supply power to a low-voltage electrical load, such as an ECU and sensors. The high-voltage battery may be, for example, a lead-acid battery.

[0023] Alternatively, the low-voltage battery may be part of the high-voltage battery. This low-voltage battery may be implemented such that some of the plurality of battery cells of the high-voltage battery are used to supply voltage / power to the low-voltage network.

[0024] The solar / solar cell panel may have one or more solar cells and may be referred to as a solar module or a photovoltaic (PV) module. Incident light generates a voltage between the outputs associated with the solar panel, i.e., between the positive output part (terminal) and the negative output part (terminal).

[0025] When solar panels with n > 1 (i.e., 2 or more) are arranged in a series string, it means that multiple solar panels are electrically connected in series such that the negative output part of a solar panel is connected to the positive output part of a subsequent solar panel in the series string. The positive output part of the first solar panel not connected to other solar panels and the negative output part of the nth and last solar panel not connected to other solar panels can each be regarded as the positive output part and the negative output part of the series string.

[0026] In particular, the DPP converter converts the DC voltage generated by the solar panel connected to its power supply side into the DC voltage on its load side. Then, the said load side voltage is applied to the low-voltage battery. The DPP converter operates under the control of a controller. In particular, the DPP converter includes at least one electronic switch, such as a transistor, such as a MOSFET. The operation of this at least one electronic switch can be manipulated by the controller to obtain desired conversion characteristics. For example, in normal operation, the DPP converter can be operated in a "DPP mode" in which the amount of energy energizing the DPP converter is minimized to avoid losses.

[0027] When the positive output parts on the load sides of multiple DPP converters are connected to the positive electrode of the low-voltage battery, it particularly means that the positive output parts of all n DPP converters are connected to each other and are connected to the positive electrode of the low-voltage battery.

[0028] In particular, the string converter increases (while reducing the current) the positive voltage applied to its positive input on the power supply side by the positive output of the series string consisting of a plurality of solar panels, and applies the increased voltage to the positive electrode of the high-voltage battery. Therefore, the high-voltage battery is charged via the string converter. The string converter may include at least one electronic switch, for example, a transistor, for example, a MOSFET. The operation of this at least one electronic switch can also be controlled by a controller in order to obtain desired conversion characteristics. The controller that controls the operation of the string converter may be the same controller that controls the operation of the DPP converter, or a different controller.

[0029] Therefore, the above connection form - the "first" reference potential connected to the negative input of the string converter, and - the "second" reference potential connected to the negative output of the string converter, and - the "third" reference potential connected to the negative electrode of the high-voltage battery, and - the "fourth" reference potential connected to the negative electrode of the low-voltage battery, and may include four reference potentials.

[0030] These reference potentials may all be different, some may be different, or all may be the same. For example, each of the reference potential connected to the negative input of the string converter and the reference potential connected to the negative output of the string converter may be the same, may be the same as the reference potential connected to the negative electrode of the high-voltage battery, or may not be the same. For example, the reference potential connected to the negative electrode of the high-voltage battery and the reference potential connected to the negative electrode of the low-voltage battery may be different.

[0031] The controller may include one or more IC elements or units such as a microcontroller, FPGA, ASIC, etc. The controller may be adapted, for example programmed, to operate the DPP converter in a "DPP mode" in which the amount of energy supplied to the DPP converter is minimized to keep losses low. In DPP mode, the low voltage battery is charged by the DPP converter only if there is an imbalance, for example due to manufacturing tolerances, different solar irradiance levels, etc., i.e., only if the voltage levels applied to the DPP converter by the solar panels are different. The operation of DPP mode is generally known and will not be further described, for example as described in the above paper by Hoejeong Jeong, Hyunji.

[0032] The connection of the outputs of these converters to respective electrodes of respective batteries may mean direct connection or indirect connection via the low voltage power supply system or high voltage power supply system of the vehicle.

[0033] This arrangement of a plurality of solar panels and a plurality of converters may also be referred to as a PV-bus-direct architecture. These converters may be implemented and / or operated in the same manner as the architecture described in the paper by Hoejeong Jeong, Hyunji (Figure 3). However, in this case, the positive electrode of the high voltage battery is connected only to the string converter, and thus the high voltage battery is charged only by the string converter, while at the same time the positive electrode of the low voltage battery is connected only to the DPP converter, and thus is charged only by the DPP converter, which is different from the paper by Hoejeong Jeong, Hyunji (Figure 3). This brings about the above advantages of the present invention.

[0034] In one embodiment, the electric vehicle further includes a battery charger connected to the high-voltage battery. This enables the high-voltage battery to be charged at a charging point via the battery charger. The charging point may be, for example, a charging station or a wall box.

[0035] In one embodiment, the battery charger is an AC charger, i.e., a charger that converts the AC supply current from a charging station into a DC continuous current applied to the high-voltage battery. This charger has the advantage that it can be implemented widely because many electric vehicles currently use on-vehicle AC chargers. Generally, such an AC charger also has the function of a DC / DC converter to convert the rectified AC supply voltage to the voltage level of the high-voltage battery. The AC charger may also be a charger used to convert the AC electromagnetic induction voltage generated by non-contact electromagnetic induction charging.

[0036] In one embodiment, the battery charger is a DC charger, i.e., a charger that converts the DC supply voltage from a charging station into a DC voltage applied to the high-voltage battery. This embodiment is particularly beneficial for electric vehicles adapted for DC fast charging.

[0037] In one embodiment, the string converter is a battery charger. This offers the advantage that no additional components need to be provided as the string converter. This also reduces costs. Thus, the battery charger also operates as a DC / DC converter between the string converter and the positive pole of the high-voltage battery. In one embodiment, the charger may be adapted to switch from converting the voltage from an external charging source (e.g., 110V or 230V or 400V) to the voltage of the high-voltage battery, to converting the voltage from the string of solar panels to the voltage of the high-voltage battery, and may be adapted to switch from converting the voltage from the string of solar panels to the voltage of the high-voltage battery, to converting the voltage from an external charging source (e.g., 110V or 230V or 400V) to the voltage of the high-voltage battery.

[0038] In one embodiment, the string converter is a boost converter. This is particularly beneficial for increasing the voltage level of the solar panel string to the voltage level required for the high-voltage battery. In particular, the voltage conversion / current conversion is generally controlled by PWM (pulse width modulation). Thus, switching from converting the voltage / current from an external charging source to the voltage / current of the high-voltage battery, to converting the voltage / current from the solar panel string to the voltage / current of the high-voltage battery can be easily accomplished by adjusting the PWM characteristics.

[0039] In one embodiment, the DPP converter is a flyback converter.

[0040] In one embodiment, the low-voltage battery has a battery voltage of 12V to 48V, particularly 12V. However, the low-voltage battery is generally not limited to this voltage range.

[0041] In one embodiment, the high-voltage battery has a battery voltage of 60V to 1000V, particularly 400V to 800V or 900V and above. However, generally, the high-voltage battery is not limited to this voltage range.

[0042] In one embodiment, the controller is adapted, e.g., programmed, to operate the (i.e., one or more or all) DPP converters in at least one additional mode (generally also referred to as the "charging mode") without losses in which the total energy energizing the plurality of DPP converters is increased, particularly maximized, above the DPP level. This can be particularly beneficial in certain applications, e.g., when a low-voltage battery has a low state of charge SoC and needs to be charged. The low-voltage battery powers ECUs and sensors that are highly safety-related and require a high level of reliability.

[0043] This problem is also solved by the method for charging the high-voltage battery and the low-voltage battery of an electric vehicle according to any one of claims 1 to 10. In this case, when the electrical energy is produced by a solar panel, the low-voltage battery is charged by a DPP converter and the high-voltage battery is charged by a string converter.

[0044] The above features, advantages of the present invention and the configuration will be described in more detail below with reference to at least one embodiment based on the drawings.

Brief Description of the Drawings

[0045]

Figure 1

Embodiments for Carrying Out the Invention

[0046] FIG. 1 shows an electric vehicle EV including a low-voltage battery LV and a high-voltage battery HV. In particular, the high-voltage battery HV can be used to supply power to one or more electric drive motors. The high-voltage battery HV can have a battery voltage of, for example, 400V or 800V. The high-voltage battery HV can be, for example, a lithium-ion battery. The low-voltage battery LV can be used to supply power to, for example, low-voltage electrical loads. The low-voltage battery LV can have a battery voltage of, for example, 12V. The low-voltage battery LV can be, for example, a lead-acid battery.

[0047] Furthermore, the electric vehicle EV includes a plurality of solar panels PV i , here a plurality of solar panels PV 1 ,PV 2 ,...,PV n (n>2) consisting of a series string. The negative output part O 1 ,PV 2 ,...,PV n-1 of each solar panel PV neg is connected to the positive output part O 2 ,PV,...,PV n of each solar panel PV pоs . The positive output part O neg (PV 2 )~O neg (PV n ) that is not connected to any of the solar panels PV 1 is used as the positive output part of the series string consisting of a plurality of solar panels PV pos (PV 1 ). The positive output part O 1 ,PV 2 ,...,PV n of the nth solar panel PV pos (PV 1 )~O pos (PV n-1 ) that is not connected to any of the solar panels PV N is used as the positive output part of the series string consisting of a plurality of solar panels PV neg (PV n ). The negative output part O 1 ,PV 2 ,...,PV noperates as a negative output part of a series string consisting of

[0048] The positive output part O of the solar panel PV1 pos (PV 1 ) can be connected to the positive input part I of the power supply side of a DC / DC converter (a "string converter") SC implemented as a boost converter, for example, in the same way as Hoejeong Jeong et al. (Figure 3). pos is connected to. The negative input part I of the power supply side neg is connected to a first reference potential, for example, ground GND1. The positive output part O of the load side of the string converter SC pos is connected to the positive electrode of the high-voltage battery HV, while the negative input part O of the load side of the string converter SC neg is connected to a second reference potential, for example, ground GND2. The operation of the string converter SC, especially on at least the electronic switch, can be controlled by the controller CTL.

[0049] The negative electrode of the high-voltage battery HV is connected to a third reference potential, for example, ground GND3. The second reference potential GND2 can be made equal to the third reference potential GND3. This can be achieved by connecting the negative input part O of the load side of the string converter SC neg to the negative electrode of the high-voltage battery HV. The first reference potential GND1 can be made equal to the second reference potential GND2.

[0050] The electric vehicle EV can include n DPP converters DPP implemented as flyback converters, for example, in the same way as Hoejeong Jeong et al. (Figure 3). 1 ,..., DPP n also includes. The negative input part I of the load side of each DPP converter DPP i (i = 1,..., n) of each DPP converter pos (DPP I ) is respectively connected to the output parts O pos (PV i ) and O neg (PV i) is connected to. That is, the positive input section I POS (DPP i ) is connected to the positive output section O pos (PV i ), and the negative input section I POS (DPP I ) is connected to the negative output section O pos (PV i ).

[0051] All DPP converters DPP I 's load side positive output section O pos (DPP I ) is connected to the positive electrode of the low voltage battery LV. All DPP converters DPP i 's load side negative output section O neg (DPP i ) is connected to the negative electrode of the low voltage battery LV and the negative electrode of the high voltage battery HV, and these are similarly connected to the fourth reference potential, for example, ground GND4. In particular, if the string converter SC includes an electrical insulation section, the fourth reference potential GND4 can be different from the reference potential GND3.

[0052] The operation of the DPP converter DPP i , especially on at least the electronic switch of this DPP converter DPP i can be controlled by the controller CTL. In particular, the DPP converter DPP i can be individually controlled by the controller CTL. The solar panel PV i , the DPP converter DPP i and the string converter SC constitute a PV-bus-direct architecture having DPP.

[0053] In particular, if the electric vehicle EV is a plug-in hybrid vehicle or a battery electric vehicle, the high-voltage battery HV can be charged by non-contact charging or contact charging by connecting an on-board battery charger to a charging station. Generally, the battery charger includes the function of a DC / DC converter to convert a lower voltage level of the supply voltage applied by the charging station to a higher battery electric level of the high-voltage battery HV.

[0054] Optionally, the battery charger can be used as a string converter SC during a period when the electric vehicle EV is not connected to the charging station. In particular, the DC / DC converter of the battery charger is implemented as a boost converter controlled by a PWM signal. By changing the PWM signal, the boost converter can be adapted to convert the voltage level of the charging station or the output O pos (PV 1 ) to the desired voltage level of the high-voltage battery HV.

[0055] Therefore, when electrical energy is produced by the solar panel PV i , the low-voltage battery LV is charged by the DPP converter DPP i , and the high-voltage battery HV is charged by the string converter SC.

[0056] The controller CTL is adapted to control the operation of the DPP converter DPP i in the (normal) DPP mode. In the DPP mode, a charging current for the low-voltage battery LV is generated only when the voltage supplied by the solar panel PV i is unbalanced. Optionally, it can also be configured to control the operation of the DPP converter DPP i in the charging mode. In the charging mode, the charging current for the high-voltage battery HV is increased above the level of the DPP mode and is applied, for example, continuously rather than only when the voltage of the solar panel is unbalanced.

[0057] Of course, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments.

Explanation of Reference Numerals

[0058] CTL controller DPPi i-th flyback converter EV electric vehicle GND1 first reference potential GND2 second reference potential GND3 third reference potential GND4 fourth reference potential HV high-voltage battery I neg negative input section I pos positive input section LV low-voltage battery O neg negative output section O pos positive output section PV i i-th solar panel SC string converter

Claims

1. - One low-voltage battery (LV) and one high-voltage battery (HV), - Multiple solar panels (PV) where n > 1 ｉ ) consists of one serial string (PV ｉ -PV ｎ )and, -n DPP converters (DPP ｉ )and, - An electric vehicle (EV) including one string converter (SC), - Each of the DPP converters (DPP ｉ ) has a positive input section on the power supply side (I ｐｏｓ ) connected to the positive output section (O ｉ ) of each solar panel (PV ｐоｓ ), and a negative input section on the power supply side (I ｎｅｇ ) connected to the negative output section (O ｉ ) of each of these solar panels (PV ｎｅｇ ), and - Multiple DPP converters (DPP ｉ Multiple load-side positive output sections (O ｐｏｓ ) is connected to the positive terminal of the low-voltage battery (LV), - Multiple DPP converters (DPP ｉ Multiple load-side negative output sections (O ｎｅｇ ) is connected to the negative terminal of the low-voltage battery (LV), - The power supply side positive input section (I) of the string converter (SC) ｐｏｓ ) The plurality of solar panels (PV ｉ ) consists of a series string (PV ｉ -PV ｎ ) one positive output section (O ｐｏｓ It is connected to the power supply side negative input section (I ｎｅｇ ) is connected to the reference potential (GND1), - The load-side positive output section (O) of the string converter (SC) ｐｏｓ ) is connected to the positive terminal of the high-voltage battery (HV), - Load-side negative output section (O) of the string converter (SC) ｎｅｇ ) is connected to the reference potential (GND2), - The controller (CTL) controls the string converter (SC) and the plurality of DPP converters (DPP ｉ The electric vehicle (EV) is adapted to control the operation of the electric vehicle (EV).

2. The electric vehicle (EV) according to claim 1, further comprising a battery charger connected to the high-voltage battery (HV).

3. The electric vehicle (EV) according to claim 2, wherein the battery charger is an AC charger.

4. The electric vehicle (EV) according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the string converter (SC) is a battery charger.

5. The battery charger converts the voltage from an external charging source to the voltage of the high-voltage battery (HV) via the string (PV) of the solar panel. ｉ -PV ｎ Adapted to switch to convert the voltage from the solar panel to the voltage of the high-voltage battery (HV), and the string (PV) of the solar panel ｉ -PV ｎ The electric vehicle (EV) according to claim 4, which is adapted to switch from converting the voltage from a high-voltage battery (HV) to the voltage from an external charging source to the voltage from a high-voltage battery (HV).

6. The electric vehicle (EV) according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the string converter (SC) is a boost converter.

7. The aforementioned DPP converter (DPP ｉ The electric vehicle (EV) according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the flyback converter is...

8. The electric vehicle (EV) according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the low-voltage battery (LV) has a battery voltage of 12V to 48V, particularly 12V.

9. The electric vehicle (EV) according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the high-voltage battery (HV) has a battery voltage of 60V to 1000V, particularly 400V to 800V.

10. The controller (CTL) comprises a plurality of the DPP converters (DPP ｉ In at least one further mode, the total energy supplied to these DPP converters (DPP) is increased above the DPP level. ｉ An electric vehicle (EV) according to any one of claims 1 to 3, which is adapted for operating the electric vehicle.

11. A method for charging the high-voltage battery (HV) and low-voltage battery (LV) of an electric vehicle (EV) according to any one of claims 1 to 3, Electrical energy is generated by solar panels (PV ｉ When produced by ), the low-voltage battery (LV) is a DPP converter (DPP ｉ The method wherein the high-voltage battery (HV) is charged by a string converter (SC).

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