Coincident liquid crystal medium and polymerized liquid crystal film

Abstract

Provided are a polymerizable liquid crystal medium and a polymerized liquid crystal film. **Solution**: The present invention relates to a polymerizable LC medium containing one or more di- or poly-reactive mesogenic compounds, one or more chiral compounds having an (S) configuration, and one or more chiral compounds having an (R) configuration, provided that at least one of the chiral compounds contains a photo-isomerizable group. The present invention further relates to a method for producing the same, a polymer film obtained from the corresponding polymerizable LC medium, and a method for preparing such a polymer film. These polymer films may be used, for example, for adjusting the optical properties of a liquid crystal display (LCD), improving the light utilization efficiency, or ensuring the anti-reflection property and visibility in an organic light emitting device (OLED), and further for purposes such as AV / VR. Accordingly, the present invention further relates to the use of such polymer films and the polymerizable LC medium for optical, electro-optical, decorative or security applications, and to corresponding devices.

Description

【Technical Field】 【0001】 The present invention relates to a polymerizable LC medium containing one or more di- or poly-reactive mesogenic compounds, one or more chiral compounds having an (S) configuration, and one or more chiral compounds having an (R) configuration, provided that at least one of the chiral compounds contains a photo-isomerizable group. Furthermore, the present invention also relates to a method for producing the same, a polymer film obtained from the corresponding polymerizable LC medium, and a method for preparing such a polymer film. These polymer films can be used, for example, for adjusting the optical properties of a liquid crystal display (LCD), improving the light utilization efficiency, or ensuring the antireflection property and visibility in an organic light emitting device (OLED), and further for purposes such as AV / VR. Therefore, the present invention further relates to the use of such polymer films and the polymerizable LC medium for optical, electro-optical, decorative or security applications, and to the corresponding devices. 【Background Art】 【0002】 OLED displays are composed of a metal cathode with a high reflectivity that functions like a mirror. It is important that the viewer only sees the light emitted from the OLED and not the incident light reflected from the display. To achieve this, an antireflection layer is required on the display. 【0003】 Typically, a circular polarizer is employed to optically separate the incident light and remove the reflection. A circular polarizer consists of a linear polarizer combined with a 1 / 4 wavelength retarder. In order to prevent all the reflected light from the system, the 1 / 4 wavelength plate (QWP) must have an optical retardation that exactly matches 1 / 4 of the wavelength of the incident light. Ideally, the QWP is colorless and functions equally well at all visible wavelengths. 【0004】 Standard transparent materials have positive optical dispersion, i.e., the refractive index decreases as the wavelength increases. An RM film with standard optical dispersion generates a QWP that converts linearly polarized input light to circularly polarized light and vice versa at only a single wavelength. All other wavelengths are converted to a non-ideal elliptical polarization state, and a portion of this light is not absorbed by the polarizer after reflection and is transmitted to the viewer. As a result, the anti-reflection effect is reduced, and the screen may appear purple rather than black. 【0005】 To produce an achromatic QWP, the retarder must have inverse (also called negative) optical dispersion, i.e., the refractive index increases as the wavelength increases. 【0006】 One way to fabricate an inverse optical dispersion QWP is to combine a half-wave plate (HWP) with positive optical dispersion with a QWP with positive optical dispersion. These two types of retarders must be stacked such that their directors are orthogonal to each other. The disadvantage of this solution is that the process cost increases because two types of individual films must be coated and then stacked together. Also, the yield is reduced due to the lamination cutting process. 【0007】 Optical films based on polymeric liquid crystal materials typically exhibit wavelength-dependent retardation. In this regard, three main types of optical behavior are known: i) "Normal" or "positive" optical dispersion, such as that described in European Patent No. 0 940 707 (Patent Document 1), ii) "Inverse" or "negative" optical dispersion, such as that described in International Publication No. 2016 / 020035 (Patent Document 2), and iii) "Flat" optical dispersion, such as that described in International Publication No. 2009 / 058396 (Patent Document 3). 【0008】 For example, polymeric liquid crystal materials with flat or negative dispersion have an ordinary refractive index (n e ) higher than the extraordinary refractive index (n o) can be produced by adding at least one component having to the formulation. For this purpose, highly conjugated substituents are usually required at positions orthogonal to the long axis of the molecule. These materials absorb part of the UV dose when curing the optical film, resulting in a decrease in the degree of curing and a reduction in the heat resistance of the cured film. Furthermore, the molecular block can be easily oxidized at high temperatures in the presence of oxygen. The same also applies to highly birefringent formulations containing highly conjugated reactive mesogens that reduce the heat resistance of the cured film and are typically prone to yellowing. 【0009】 Also, for use in birefringent polymer films having negative optical dispersion in the prior art, polymerizable compounds having an H shape or a T shape are also disclosed. For example, International Publication No. 2008 / 119427 (Patent Document 4) describes a birefringent polymer film having negative optical dispersion obtained from a polymerizable LC medium containing a compound having an H shape as a negative dispersion component. 【0010】 Suitable compounds having a T shape and corresponding birefringent polymer films having negative optical dispersion are disclosed, for example, in US Patent Application Publication No. 2015 / 175564 (Patent Document 5), International Publication No. 2017 / 079867 (Patent Document 6), International Publication No. 2016 / 104317 (Patent Document 7), US Patent Application Publication No. 2015 / 277007 (Patent Document 8) or International Publication No. 2016 / 171041 (Patent Document 9), particularly the compounds represented by Formulas 1 to 5 of US Patent Application Publication No. 2015 / 175564 (Patent Document 5), Formulas (I-1) to (I-5), (I-8), (I-14), (I-16) to (I-36), (I-41), (I-54) to (I-65), (I-75) to (I-80), (I-82), (I-83), (I-86) to (I-97) and (I-121) to (I-125) of International Publication No. 2017 / 079867 (Patent Document 6), the compounds represented by Formulas (A12-16) to (A12-18), (A14-1) to (A14-3) and (A141-1) to (A143-2) of International Publication No. 2016 / 104317 (Patent Document 7), the compounds represented by Formulas (2-A) to (2-D), (3-A) to (3-D), (4-A) to (4-D), (5-A) to (5-D), (7-A) to (7-D), (8-A) to (8-D), (9-A) to (9-D), (11-B) to (11-D), (12-b) to (12-D), (13-B) to (13-D), (22-B) to (22-D), (25-B) to (25-D), (40-A) to (40-D), (41-A) to (41-D), (42-A) to (42-D), (43-A) to (43-D), (44-A) to (44-D), (50-A) to (50-D), (52-A) to (52-D), (54-A) to (54-D), (55-A) to (55-D) or (56 -A) to (56-D) of US Patent Application Publication No. 2015 / 277007 (Patent Document 8), and the compounds represented by Formulas (A) to (E) of International Publication No. 2016 / 171041 (Patent Document 9). 【0011】 However, negative dispersion compounds according to the prior art are bulky, typically difficult to orient, give formulations with a narrow process window for the annealing temperature, and are unsuitable for mass production. Also, polymer films are usually weak in strength and low in heat resistance. However, the main drawback is that the synthesis cost of T-shaped and H-shaped materials is much higher than that of standard LC molecules due to the increased number of synthesis steps. If there were cheaper alternatives to typical inverse dispersion films, it would be possible to compete in a wider range of markets, especially for OLED TVs. 【0012】 Regarding this, U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2016 / 187554 (Patent Document 10) suggests an optical film in which the alignment state of liquid crystal compounds in a liquid crystal layer is controlled while forming a single thin layer, and the liquid crystal layer exhibits so-called inverse wavelength dispersion. These films may be used, for example, for purposes such as adjusting the optical properties of a liquid crystal display (LCD), improving light utilization efficiency, or preventing reflection and ensuring visibility of an organic light emitting device (OLED). Furthermore, the films as described above may be used to generate a stereoscopic image or improve the quality of a stereoscopic image. 【0013】 However, there is still a need for novel and improved polymerizable liquid crystal materials or resulting polymer films that do not show the drawbacks of conventional materials, or show only a small degree of such drawbacks. 【0014】 The polymerizable LC media that include them and are used in the preparation of films must exhibit good thermal properties, particularly a suitable melting point, good solubility in LC hosts and organic solvents, and a reasonable extrapolated clearing point, and further must exhibit excellent optical properties. 【Prior Art Documents】 【Patent Documents】 【0015】 【Patent Document 1】 European Patent No. 0 940 707 【Patent Document 2】 International Publication No. 2016 / 020035 【Patent Document 3】 International Publication No. 2009 / 058396 【Patent Document 4】 International Publication No. 2008 / 119427 【Patent Document 5】 Specification of US Patent Application Publication No. 2015 / 175564 【Patent Document 6】 International Publication No. 2017 / 079867 【Patent Document 7】 International Publication No. 2016 / 104317 【Patent Document 8】 Specification of US Patent Application Publication No. 2015 / 277007 【Patent Document 9】 International Publication No. 2016 / 171041 【Patent Document 10】 Specification of US Patent Application Publication No. 2016 / 187554 【Disclosure of the Invention】 【Problems to be Solved by the Invention】 【0016】 Advantageously, the polymerizable LC material should preferably be applicable to the preparation of different polymer films, especially simultaneously, · It must exhibit good adhesion to the substrate, · It must be highly transparent to visible light, · It must exhibit reduced yellowing over time, · It must exhibit high birefringence to reduce film thickness, · It must exhibit favorable high-temperature stability or durability, and in addition · The polymer films must be compatible and generally manufactured inexpensively by known mass production methods. 【0017】 Other objects of the present invention will be immediately apparent to those skilled in the art from the following detailed description 【0018】 Surprisingly, the inventors of the present invention have found that by using the polymerizable LC medium disclosed and claimed hereinafter, one or more, preferably all, of the above requirements can preferably be satisfied simultaneously. 【Means for Solving the Problems】 【0019】 The present invention relates to a polymerizable LC medium containing one or more di-reactive or poly-reactive mesogenic compounds, one or more chiral compounds having an (S) configuration, and one or more chiral compounds having an (R) configuration, provided that at least one of the chiral compounds contains a photo-isomerizable group. 【0020】 The present invention further relates to a method for producing the polymerizable LC medium as described above and below. 【0021】 The present invention further relates to the use of the polymerizable LC medium as described above and below in optical, electronic and electro-optical components and devices, preferably an optical film having flat optical dispersion, a retarder or a compensator. 【0022】 The present invention particularly relates to a method for producing a polymer film as described above and below. 【0023】 The present invention further relates to a birefringent polymer film obtained or obtainable by polymerizing the polymerizable LC medium as described above and below preferably in an oriented state in the form of a thin film in its LC phase. 【0024】 The present invention particularly relates to a polymer film as described above and below which is a colorless QWP. 【0025】 The present invention particularly further relates to the use of the polymer film as described above and below in optical components. 【0026】 The present invention further relates to an optical, electronic or electro-optical component or such a device containing the polymerizable LC medium or the polymer film as described above and below. 【0027】 Examples of the device include, without limitation, electro-optical displays such as OLEDs and LCDs, non-linear optic (NLO) devices, optical information storage devices, electronic devices, electroluminescent displays, organic photovoltaic (OPV) devices, lighting devices, sensor devices, electrophotographic recording devices, organic memory devices, or devices for AR / VR applications. 【Brief Description of the Drawings】 【0028】 【Figure 1】 It is a diagram showing characteristics. 【Figure 2】 It is a diagram showing characteristics. 【Modes for Carrying Out the Invention】 【0029】 <Terms and Definitions> 【0030】 As used herein, the term "polymer" is understood to mean a molecule that includes a backbone of one or more different types of repeating units (the smallest structural units of a molecule), and includes well-known terms such as "oligomer", "copolymer", "homopolymer", etc. Further, the term "polymer" is understood to include, in addition to the polymer itself, residues from initiators, catalysts, and other elements associated with the synthesis of such polymers, where such residues are understood not to be covalently incorporated therein. Further, such residues and other elements are typically removed in a purification process after polymerization, but typically are mixed or incorporated with the polymer and generally remain with the polymer when moving between containers or between solvents or dispersion media. 【0031】 The term "(meth)acrylic polymer" as used in the present invention includes polymers obtained from acrylic monomers, polymers obtained from methacrylic monomers, and the corresponding copolymers obtained from mixtures of such monomers. 【0032】 The term "polymerization" means a chemical process for forming a polymer by bonding together a plurality of polymerizable groups or a polymer precursor (polymerizable compound) containing such polymerizable groups. 【0033】 The terms "film" and "layer" include rigid or flexible self-supporting or free-standing films having mechanical stability, as well as coatings or layers on a support substrate or between two substrates. 【0034】 The term "liquid crystal or mesogenic compound" means a compound containing one or more calamitic (rod or board / ladder-shaped) or discotic (disc-shaped) mesogenic groups. The term "mesogenic group" means a group having the ability to induce the behavior of a liquid crystal (LC) phase. A compound containing a mesogenic group does not necessarily exhibit an LC phase itself. It is also possible for it to exhibit LC phase behavior only in a mixture with other compounds, or when a mesogenic compound or material, or a mixture thereof, is polymerized. For the sake of brevity, the term "liquid crystal" will be used hereinafter for both mesogens and LC materials. For an overview of the definitions, see C. Tschierske, G. Pelzl and S. Diele, Angew. Chem. 2004, Vol. 116, pp. 6340 - 6368. 【0035】 A calamitic mesogenic group usually contains a mesogenic core consisting of one or more aromatic or non-aromatic cyclic groups bonded to each other directly or via a linking group, optionally contains end groups bonded to the ends of the mesogenic core, and optionally contains one or more side groups bonded to the long chain of the mesogenic core, where these end groups and side groups are usually selected from, for example, carbil groups, hydrocarbyl groups, polar groups such as halogen groups, nitro groups, hydroxy groups, etc., or polymerizable groups. 【0036】 The term "reactive mesogen (RM)" means a polymerizable mesogen or a liquid crystal compound. 【0037】 A polymerizable compound having one polymerizable group is also called a "monoreactive" compound, a compound having two polymerizable groups is called a "bireactive" compound, and a compound having three or more polymerizable groups is called a "polyreactive" compound. A compound having no polymerizable group is also called a "non-reactive" compound. 【0038】 The term "non-mesogenic compound or material" means a compound or material that does not contain a mesogenic group as defined above. 【0039】 Visible light is electromagnetic radiation having wavelengths in the range of about 400 nm to about 740 nm. Ultraviolet (UV) light is electromagnetic radiation having wavelengths in the range of about 200 nm to about 450 nm. 【0040】 According to the present application, the term "linearly polarized light" means light that is at least partially linearly polarized. Preferably, the oriented light is linearly polarized with a polarization degree exceeding 5:1. The wavelength, intensity, and energy of the linearly polarized light are selected according to the photosensitivity of the photo-orienting material. Typically, the wavelength is within the range of UV-A, UV-B, and / or UV-C or within the visible range. The linearly polarized light preferably includes light having a wavelength of less than 450 nm, more preferably less than 420 nm, and at the same time, the linearly polarized light preferably includes light having a wavelength longer than 280 nm, preferably longer than 320 nm, and more preferably exceeding 350 nm. 【0041】 The irradiance (E e ) or radiation output is defined as the output (dθ) of electromagnetic waves per unit area (dA) incident on the surface. 【0042】 【Number】 【0043】 The radiation exposure or radiation dose (H e ) is defined as the irradiance or radiation output (E e ) per unit time (t). 【0044】 【Number】 【0045】 For example, all temperatures such as the melting point T(C,N) or T(C,S) of the liquid crystal, the transition T(S,N) from the smectic (S) phase to the nematic (N) phase, and its clearing point T(N,I) are expressed in degrees Celsius. All temperature differences are expressed as differences in degrees Celsius. 【0046】 The term "clearing point" means the temperature at which the transition between the mesophase and the isotropic phase occurs within the highest temperature range. 【0047】 At the molecular level, the birefringence of the liquid crystal depends on the anisotropy of the polarizability (Δα = α ∥ -α ⊥ ). "Polarizability" means the ease with which the electron distribution within an atom or molecule is distorted. The polarizability increases as the number of electrons increases and the electron cloud spreads. The polarizability can be calculated, for example, using the method described in Jap. J. Appl. Phys. Vol. 42, (2003) p. 3463. 【0048】 The "optical retardation" at a given wavelength R(λ) (in nm) of a layer of liquid crystal or birefringent material is defined by the following formula as the product of the birefringence Δn(λ) at that wavelength and the layer thickness d (in nm). 【0049】 【Number】 【0050】 The optical retardation R represents, in nanometers, the difference in the optical path lengths traveled by the light of S-polarization and P-polarization when passing through the birefringent material. "On-axis" retardation means the retardation at normal incidence to the sample surface. 【0051】 The term "negative (optical) dispersion" refers to an inverse birefringence dispersion in a birefringent or liquid-crystalline material or layer, in which the magnitude of birefringence (Δn) increases as the wavelength (λ) increases. That is, |Δn(450)| < |Δn(550)|, or Δn(450) / Δn(550) < 1, where Δn(450) and Δn(550) are the birefringence of the material measured at wavelengths of 450 nm and 550 nm, respectively. In contrast, "positive (optical) dispersion" means a material or layer having |Δn(450)| > |Δn(550)| or Δn(450) / Δn(550) > 1. See, for example, A. Uchiyama, T. Yatabe, "Control of Wavelength Dispersion of Birefringence for Oriented Copolycarbonate Films Containing Positive and Negative Birefringent Units", J. Appl. Phys., Vol. 42, pp. 6941-6945 (2003). "Flat (optical) dispersion" means a material or layer having |Δn(450)| > |Δn(550)| or Δn(450) / Δn(550) ≈ 1. 【0052】 Since the optical retardation at a given wavelength is defined as the product of birefringence and layer thickness [R(λ) = Δn(λ)·d] as described above, optical dispersion can be expressed as "birefringence dispersion" by the ratio Δn(450) / Δn(550), or as "retardation dispersion" by the ratio R(450) / R(550), where R(450) and R(550) are the retardation of the material measured at wavelengths of 450 nm and 550 nm, respectively. Since the layer thickness d does not change with wavelength, R(450) / R(550) is equal to Δn(450) / Δn(550). Thus, a material or layer with negative or inverse dispersion has R(450) / R(550) < 1 or |R(450)| < |R(550)|, and a material or layer with positive or normal dispersion has R(450) / R(550) > 1 or |R(450)| > |R(550)|. 【0053】 In the present invention, unless otherwise specified, "optical dispersion" means retardation dispersion, i.e., the ratio R(450) / R(550). 【0054】 The term "high dispersion" means that the absolute value of the dispersion deviates significantly from 1, while the term "low dispersion" means that the absolute value of the dispersion deviates slightly from 1. Thus, "high negative dispersion" means that the dispersion value is significantly smaller than 1, and "low negative dispersion" means that the dispersion value is slightly smaller than 1. 【0055】 The retardation (R(λ)) of the material can be measured using a spectroscopic ellipsometer, for example, the M2000 spectroscopic ellipsometer manufactured by J.A. Woollam. This instrument can measure the nanometer-scale optical retardation of a birefringent sample, for example, typically the optical retardation of quartz over a wavelength range of 370 nm to 2000 nm. From this data, it is possible to calculate the dispersion of the material (R(450) / R(550) or Δn(450) / Δn(550)). 【0056】 The method for performing these measurements was published in October 2006 by N. Singh at the National Physics Laboratory (London, UK), titled "Spectroscopic Ellipsometry, Part 1 - Theory and Fundamentals, Part 2 - Practical Examples and Part 3 - Measurements". According to this measurement, the procedure is described in the Retardation Measurement (RetMeas) Manual (2002) and the Guide to WVASE (2002) published by J.A. Woollam (Lincoln, Nebraska, USA) (Woollam Variable Angle Spectroscopic Ellipsometer). Unless otherwise specified, this method is used to determine the retardation of the materials, films, and devices described in the present invention. 【0057】 The birefringence Δn is defined as follows. 【0058】 【Number】 【0059】 In the formula, n e is the extraordinary refractive index, n o is the ordinary light refractive index, and the effective average refractive index n av. is given by the following formula. 【0060】 【Number】 【0061】 The average refractive index n av. and the ordinary light refractive index n o can be measured using an Abbe refractometer. Δn can be calculated from the above formula. 【0062】 The polymerizable LC medium according to the present invention can be prepared, for example, by doping the medium with a chiral dopant having a high twist force. The pitch p of the induced cholesteric helix is given by the concentration c of the chiral dopant and the helical twisting power (HTP) according to the following formula. 【0063】 【Number】 【0064】 For the total HTP (HTP total ) of chiral compounds having the same configuration, the following formula approximately holds. 【0065】 【Number】 【0066】 In the formula, c iis the concentration of each individual chiral compound, and HTP i is the helical twist force of each individual chiral compound. 【0067】 For the HTP (|HTP Δ |) of all chiral compounds in a mixture of different configurations, the following approximate equation holds. 【0068】 【Equation】 【0069】 In the formula, c s is the concentration of each individual chiral compound in the S configuration, and HTP s is the helical twist force of each individual chiral compound having the S configuration. In the formula, c r is the concentration of each individual chiral compound in the R configuration, and HTP r is the helical twist force of each individual chiral compound having the R configuration. 【0070】 The photoreactive group (also called a photo-isomerizable group) according to the present invention is a functional group of a molecule that causes a change in the shape of the molecule, i.e., isomerization, by bond rotation, skeleton rearrangement, movement of atoms or groups, or dimerization by irradiation with light of an appropriate wavelength that the molecule can absorb (photo-isomerization). 【0071】 The photoreactive compound (also called a photo-isomerizable compound) according to the present invention is a compound containing one or more photoreactive groups (or photo-isomerizable groups). 【0072】 Examples of photoreactive groups are -C=C- double bonds and azo groups (-N=N-). Examples of molecular structures and sub-structures containing such photoreactive groups are stilbene, (1,2-difluoro-2-phenylvinyl)-benzene, cinnamate, 4-phenylbut-3-en-2-one, chalcone, coumarin, chromone, pentalenone, and azobenzene. 【0073】 The term "director" is known in the prior art and means the preferred orientation direction of the long molecular axis of liquid crystals or RM molecules (in the case of calamitic compounds) or the short molecular axis (in the case of discotic compounds). When such anisotropic molecules are arranged uniaxially, the director is the axis of anisotropy. 【0074】 All physical properties are determined according to "Merck Liquid Crystals, Physical Properties of Liquid Crystals", November 1997 issue, Merck, Germany, and are given at a temperature of 20 °C unless otherwise explicitly stated. The optical anisotropy (Δn) is determined at a wavelength of 589.3 nm. 【0075】 In case of doubt, it shall be in accordance with the definitions given in Angew. Chem. 2004, Vol. 116, pp. 6340 - 6368, by C. Tschierske, G. Pelzl and S. Diele. 【0076】 Unless otherwise specified in a given general formula, the following terms have the following meanings. 【0077】 "Carbyl group" represents a monovalent or polyvalent organic group having at least one carbon atom, which group contains no further atoms at all (e.g., -C≡C-), or optionally contains one or more further atoms, such as N, O, S, P, Si, Se, As, Te or Ge (e.g., carbonyl, etc.). "Hydrocarbyl group" means a carbyl group which further contains one or more H atoms and optionally one or more heteroatoms, such as N, O, S, P, Si, Se, As, Te or Ge. 【0078】 A carbyl group or a hydrocarbyl group can be a saturated or unsaturated group. Unsaturated groups are, for example, aryl groups, alkenyl groups, or alkynyl groups. A carbyl group or a hydrocarbyl group having more than three carbon atoms can be linear, branched and / or cyclic and can also contain spiro bonds or fused rings. 【0079】 Preferred carbil and hydrocarbyl groups are optionally substituted alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy, alkylcarbonyl, alkoxycarbonyl, alkylcarbonyloxy and alkoxycarbonyloxy having 1 to 40, preferably 1 to 25, particularly preferably 1 to 18 carbon atoms, or optionally substituted aryl or aryloxy having 6 to 40, preferably 6 to 25 carbon atoms, or optionally substituted alkylaryl, arylalkyl, alkylaryloxy, arylalkyloxy, arylcarbonyl, aryloxycarbonyl, arylcarbonyloxy and aryloxycarbonyloxy having 6 to 40, preferably 6 to 25 carbon atoms. Even more preferred carbil and hydrocarbyl groups are C1-C 40 alkyl, C2-C 40 alkenyl, C2-C 40 alkynyl, C3-C 40 allyl, C4-C 40 alkyldienyl, C4-C 40 polyenyl, C6-C 40 aryl, C6-C 40 alkylaryl, C6-C 40 arylalkyl, C6-C 40 alkylaryloxy, C6-C 40 arylalkyloxy, C2-C 40 heteroaryl, C4-C 40 cycloalkyl, C4-C 40 cycloalkenyl and the like. In particular, C1-C 22 alkyl, C2-C 22 alkenyl, C2-C 22 alkynyl, C3-C 22 allyl, C4-C 22 alkyldienyl, C6-C 12 aryl, C6-C 20 arylalkyl, and C2-C 20 heteroaryl are preferred. 【0080】 More preferred carbil groups and hydrocarbyl groups are linear, branched or cyclic alkyl groups having 1 to 40, preferably 1 to 25, more preferably 1 to 12 carbon atoms, which groups are unsubstituted or mono- or polysubstituted with F, Cl, Br, I or CN, and in which one or more non-adjacent CH2 groups are each, independently of one another, replaced by -C(R x )=C(R x )-, -C≡C-, -N(R x )-, -O-, -S-, -CO-, -CO-O-, -O-CO-, -O-CO-O- so that O and / or S atoms do not directly bond to each other. 【0081】 In the above, R x preferably represents H, halogen, a linear, branched or cyclic alkyl chain having 1 to 25 carbon atoms, where one or more non-adjacent carbon atoms may further be replaced by -O-, -S-, -CO-, -CO-O-, -O-CO-, -O-CO-O-, and one or more H atoms may be replaced by fluorine, an optionally substituted aryl group or aryloxy group having 6 to 40 carbon atoms, or an optionally substituted heteroaryl group or heteroaryloxy group having 2 to 40 carbon atoms. 【0082】 Preferred alkyl groups are, for example, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, s-butyl, t-butyl, 2-methylbutyl, n-pentyl, s-pentyl, cyclopentyl, n-hexyl, cyclohexyl, 2-ethylhexyl, n-heptyl, cycloheptyl, n-octyl, cyclooctyl, n-nonyl, n-decyl, n-undecyl, n-dodecyl, dodecanyl, trifluoromethyl, perfluoro-n-butyl, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl, perfluorooctyl, perfluorohexyl, etc. 【0083】 Preferred alkenyl groups include, for example, ethenyl, propenyl, butenyl, pentenyl, cyclopentenyl, hexenyl, cyclohexenyl, heptenyl, cycloheptenyl, octenyl, cyclooctenyl, and the like. 【0084】 Preferred alkynyl groups include, for example, ethynyl, propynyl, butynyl, pentynyl, hexynyl, octynyl, and the like. 【0085】 Preferred alkoxy groups include, for example, methoxy, ethoxy, 2-methoxyethoxy, n-propoxy, i-propoxy, n-butoxy, i-butoxy, s-butoxy, t-butoxy, 2-methylbutoxy, n-pentoxy, n-hexoxy, n-heptyloxy, n-octyloxy, n-nonyloxy, n-decyloxy, n-undecyloxy, n-dodecyloxy, and the like. 【0086】 Preferred amino groups include, for example, dimethylamino, methylamino, methylphenylamino, phenylamino, and the like. 【0087】 The aryl group and heteroaryl group may be monocyclic or polycyclic, that is, they may have one ring (for example, phenyl, etc.) or two or more rings, and the rings may be fused (for example, naphthyl) or covalently bonded (for example, biphenyl), or may include a combination of fused rings and linked rings. The heteroaryl group preferably contains one or more heteroatoms selected from O, N, S, and Se. 【0088】 In particular, monocyclic, bicyclic or tricyclic aryl groups having 6 to 25 carbon atoms and monocyclic, bicyclic or tricyclic heteroaryl groups having 2 to 25 carbon atoms are preferred. The groups optionally contain fused rings and are optionally substituted. Further, 5-membered, 6-membered or 7-membered aryl groups and heteroaryl groups are preferred, where one or more CH groups may be replaced by N, S or O such that O atoms and / or S atoms do not directly bond to each other. 【0089】 Preferred aryl groups include, for example, phenyl, biphenyl, terphenyl, [1,1’:3’,1”]terphenyl-2’-yl, naphthyl, anthracene, binaphthyl, phenanthrene, pyrene, dihydropyrene, chrysene, perylene, tetracene, pentacene, benzopyrene, fluorene, indene, indenofluorene, spirobifluorene and the like. 【0090】 Preferred heteroaryl groups include, for example, 5-membered rings such as pyrrole, pyrazole, imidazole, 1,2,3-triazole, 1,2,4-triazole, tetrazole, furan, thiophene, selenophene, oxazole, isoxazole, 1,2-thiazole, 1,3-thiazole, 1,2,3-oxadiazole, 1,2,4-oxadiazole , 1,2,5-oxadiazole, 1,3,4-oxadiazole, 1,2,3-thiadiazole, 1,2,4-thiadiazole, 1,2,5-thiadiazole, 1,3,4-thiadiazole, six-membered rings such as pyridine, pyridazine, pyrimidine, pyrazine, 1,3,5-triazine, 1,2,4-triazine, 1,2,3-triazine, 1,2,4,5-tetrazine, 1,2,3,4-tetrazine, 1,2,3,5-tetrazine, or fused groups such as indole, isoindole, indolizine, indazole, benzimidazole, benzotriazole, purine, naphthoimidazole, phenanthrimidazole, pyridoimidazole, pyrazinoimidazole, quinoxalineimidazole, benzoxazole, naphthoxazole, anthroxazole, phenanthroxazole, isoxazole, benzothiazole, benzofuran, isobenzofuran, dibenzofuran, quinoline, isoquinoline, pteridine, benzo-5,6-quinoline, benzo-6,7-quinoline, benzo-7,8-quinoline, benzoisoquinoline, acridine, phenothiazine, phenoxazine, benzopyridazine, benzopyrimidine, quinoxaline, phenazine, naphthyridine, azacarbazole, benzocarbazole, phenanthridine, phenanthroline, thieno[2,3b]thiophene, thieno[3,2b]thiophene, dithienothiophene, isobenzothiophene, dibenzothiophene, benzothiadiazothiophene, or combinations of these groups. The heteroaryl group may be substituted with alkyl, alkoxy, thioalkyl, fluorine, fluoroalkyl, or further aryl or heteroaryl groups. 【0091】 (Non-aromatic) Alicyclic and heterocyclic groups include both saturated rings, i.e., those containing only single bonds, and partially unsaturated rings, i.e., those that may contain multiple bonds. The heterocycle preferably contains one or more heteroatoms selected from Si, O, N, S, and Se. 【0092】 (Non-aromatic) alicyclic and heterocyclic groups can be monocyclic, i.e., containing only one ring (e.g., cyclohexane), or polycyclic, i.e., containing multiple rings (e.g., decahydronaphthalene or bicyclooctane). Saturated groups are preferred. Further, monocyclic, bicyclic or tricyclic groups having 3 to 25 carbon atoms are preferred, and the groups optionally contain fused rings and are optionally substituted. Further, 5-membered, 6-membered, 7-membered or 8-membered carbocyclic groups are preferred, where further, one or more carbon atoms may be replaced by Si, and / or one or more CH groups may be replaced by N, and / or one or more non-adjacent CH2 groups may be replaced by -O- and / or -S-. 【0093】 Preferred alicyclic and heterocyclic groups are, for example, 5-membered ring groups such as cyclopentane, tetrahydrofuran, tetrahydrothiophene, pyrrolidine, 6-membered ring groups such as cyclohexane, silinane, cyclohexene, tetrahydropyran, tetrahydrothiopyran, 1,3-dioxane, 1,3-dithiane, piperidine, 7-membered ring groups such as cycloheptane, and fused groups such as tetrahydronaphthalene, decahydronaphthalene, indane, bicyclo[1.1.1]-pentane-1,3-diyl, bicyclo[2.2.2]octane-1,4-diyl, spiro[3.3]heptane-2,6-diyl, octahydro-4,7-methanoindane-2,5-diyl. 【0094】 Aryl, heteroaryl, (non-aromatic) alicyclic and heterocyclic groups optionally have one or more substituents, and the groups are preferably selected from the group consisting of silyl, sulfo, sulfonyl, formyl, amine, imine, nitrile, mercapto, nitro, halogen, C1-C 12 alkyl, C6-C 12 aryl, C1-C 12 alkoxy, hydroxyl, or combinations of these groups. 【0095】 Preferred substituents are, for example, solubilizing groups such as alkyl or alkoxy, electron-withdrawing groups such as fluorine, nitro or nitrile, or substituents for raising the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the polymer, in particular bulky groups such as t-butyl or optionally substituted aryl groups. 【0096】 Preferred substituents, also referred to hereinafter as "L", are, for example, F, Cl, Br, I, -OH, -CN, -NO2, -NCO, -NCS, -OCN, -SCN, -C(=O)N(R x )2, -C(=O)Y x , -C(=O)R x , -C(=O)OR x , -N(R x )2, where R x has the above meaning and Y x as defined above represents halogen, optionally substituted silyl, optionally substituted aryl or heteroaryl having 4 to 40, preferably 4 to 20 ring atoms, and linear or branched alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxy, alkylcarbonyl, alkoxycarbonyl, alkylcarbonyloxy or alkoxycarbonyloxy having 1 to 25 carbon atoms, where one or more H atoms may optionally be replaced by F or Cl. 【0097】 "Substituted silyl or aryl" preferably means substituted by halogen, -CN, R y , -OR y , -CO-R y , -CO-O-R y , -O-CO-R y or -O-CO-O-R y (wherein R y represents H, a linear, branched or cyclic alkyl chain having 1 to 12 carbon atoms). 【0098】 In the formulas shown above and below, the substituted phenylene ring 【Chemical formula】 In the formula, each L is the same or different and has one of the meanings shown above and below, and preferably is F, Cl, CN, NO2, CH3, C2H5, C(CH3)3, CH(CH3)2, CH2CH(CH3)C2H5, OCH3, OC2H5, COCH3, COC2H5, COOCH3, COOC2H5, CF3, OCF3, OCHF2, OC2F5 or P-Sp-, very preferably F, Cl, CN, CH3, C2H5, OCH3, COCH3, OCF3 or P-Sp-, and most preferably F, Cl, CH3, OCH3, COCH3 or OCF3. 【0099】 "Halogen" represents F, Cl, Br or I, preferably F or Cl, more preferably F. 【0100】 The "polymerizable group" (P) is preferably selected from a group containing a C=C double bond or a C≡C triple bond, and a group suitable for ring-opening polymerization, for example, an oxetane or epoxide group. 【0101】 Preferably, the polymerizable group (P) is CH2=CW 1 -COO-, CH2=CW 1 -CO-, 【Chemical formula】 CH2=CW 2 -(O) k3 -, CW 1 =CH-CO-(O) k3 -, CW 1 =CH-CO-NH-, CH2=CW 1 -CO-NH-, CH3-CH=CH-O-, (CH2=CH)2CH-OCO-, (CH2=CH-CH2)2CH-OCO-, (CH2=CH)2CH-O-, (CH2=CH-CH2)2N-, (CH2=CH-CH2)2N-CO-, CH2=CW 1 -CO-NH-, CH2=CH-(COO) k1 -Phe-(O) k2 -, CH2=CH-(CO) k1 -Phe-(O) k2- selected from the group consisting of Phe-CH=CH- wherein W 1 represents H, F, Cl, CN, CF3, phenyl or alkyl having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, particularly H, F, Cl or CH3, W 2 represents H or alkyl having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, particularly H, methyl, ethyl or n-propyl, W 3 and W 4 each independently represents H, Cl or alkyl having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, Phe represents 1,4-phenylene, which is optionally substituted by one or more groups L as defined above, but is different from P-Sp, preferably, the preferred substituent L is F, Cl, CN, NO2, CH3, C2H5, OCH3, OC2H5, COCH3, COC2H5, COOCH3, COOC2H5, CF3, OCF3, OCHF2, OC2F5, and further phenyl, k1, k2 and k3 each independently represent 0 or 1, k3 preferably represents 1, and k4 is an integer from 1 to 10. 【0102】 Particularly preferred groups P are CH2=CH-COO-, CH2=C(CH3)-COO-, CH2=CF-COO-, CH2=CH-, CH2=CH-O-, (CH2=CH)2CH-OCO-, (CH2=CH)2CH-O-, 【Chemical formula】 wherein W 2 represents H or alkyl having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, particularly H, methyl, ethyl or n-propyl. 【0103】 Even more preferred groups (P) are vinyloxy, acrylate, methacrylate, fluoroacrylate, chloroacrylate, oxetane and epoxide, most preferably acrylate or methacrylate, particularly acrylate. 【0104】 Preferably, all polyreactive polymerizable compounds and their sub-formulae contain one or more groups P-S Instead of p-, it contains one or more branched-chain groups containing two or more polymerizable groups P (polyreactive polymerizable groups). 【0105】 Suitable groups of this type, and polymerizable compounds containing them, are described, for example, in US Patent No. 7,060,200 or US Patent Application Publication No. 2006 / 0172090. 【0106】 In particular, the following formulae: 【Chemical formula】 Polyreactive polymerizable groups selected from are preferred, wherein, alkyl represents a single bond or a linear or branched alkylene having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, wherein one or more non-adjacent CH2 groups are each, independently of one another, such that O and / or S atoms do not bond directly to each other, -C(R x )=C(R x )-, -C≡C-, -N(R x )-, -O-, -S-, -CO-, -CO-O-, -O-CO-, -O-CO-O- may be replaced, wherein, further, one or more H atoms may be replaced by F, Cl or CN, wherein R x has one of the meanings given above, aa and bb each, independently of one another, represent 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6, X has one of the meanings indicated for X', and P v ~P z each has, independently of one another, one of the meanings indicated above for P. 【0107】 A preferred spacer group Sp is selected from the formula Sp'-X' such that the group "P-Sp-" corresponds to the formula "P-Sp'-X'-", wherein Sp’ represents an alkylene having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 12 carbon atoms, which is optionally mono- or polysubstituted by F, Cl, Br, I or CN, and wherein, furthermore, one or more non-adjacent CH2 groups are each, independently of one another, -O-, -S-, -NH-, -NR xx -, -SiR xx R yy -, -CO-, -COO-, -OCO-, -OCO-O-, -S-CO-, -CO-S-, -NR xx -CO-O-, -O-CO-NR 0xx -, -NR xx -CO-NR yy -, and may be replaced by -CH=CH- or -C≡C-, X’ is -O-, -S-, -CO-, -COO-, -OCO-, -O-COO-, -CO-NR xx -, -NR xx -CO-, -NR xx -CO-NR yy -, -OCH2-, -CH2O-, -SCH2-, -CH2S-, -CF2O-, -OCF2-, -CF2S-, -SCF2-, -CF2CH2-, -CH2CF2-, -CF2CF2-, -CH=N-, -N=CH-, -N=N-, -CH=CR xx -, -CY xx =CY xx -, -C≡C-, -CH=CH-COO-, -OCO-CH=CH- or a single bond, R xx and R yy each independently represent H or an alkyl having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, and Y xx and Y yy each independently represent H, F, Cl or CN. 【0108】 X’ is preferably -O-, -S-, -CO-, -COO-, -OCO-, -O-COO-, -CO-NR xx -, -NR xx -CO-, -NR xx -CO-NR yy- or a single bond. 【0109】 A typical spacer group Sp’ is, for example, -(CH2) p1 -, -(CH2CH2O) q1 -, -CH2CH2-, -CH2CH2-S-CH2CH2-, -CH2CH2-NH-CH2CH2- or -(SiR xx R yy -O) p1 -, where p1 is an integer from 1 to 12, q1 is an integer from 1 to 3, and R xx and R yy have the above meanings. 【0110】 Particularly preferred group -X’-Sp’- is -(CH2) p1 -, -O-(CH2) p1 -, -OCO-(CH2) p1 -, -OCOO-(CH2) p1 -, where p1 is an integer from 1 to 12. 【0111】 Particularly preferred group Sp’ is, for example, linear ethylene, propylene, butylene, pentylene, hexylene, heptylene, octylene, nonylene, decylene, undecylene, dodecylene, octadecylene, ethyleneoxyethylene, methylenoxybutylene, ethylenethioethylene, ethylene-N-methyliminoethylene, 1-methylalkylene, ethenylene, propenylene and butenylene, respectively. 【0112】 In the case of the present invention, 【Chemical formula】 represents trans-1,4-cyclohexylene, 【Chemical formula】 represents 1,4-phenylene. 【0113】 In the case of the present invention, the group -COO-, -C(=O)O- or -CO2- has the formula 【Chem.】 represents an ester group, and the groups -OCO-, -OC(=O)-, -O2C- or -OOC- are of the formula 【Chem.】 represent an ester group. 【0114】 All concentrations are expressed as weight percent (w / w) and relate to the entire respective mixture. All temperatures are in degrees Celsius and all temperature differences are in degree differences. 【0115】 Unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, the plural forms of the terms used in this specification are to be construed as including the singular forms, and vice versa. 【0116】 Throughout the description and claims of this specification, the terms "comprising" and "containing" and variations thereof, such as "comprising" and "comprises", mean "including, but not limited to", and are not intended to exclude other elements (not excluding). On the other hand, the term "comprise" includes, but is not limited to, the term "consisting of". 【0117】 Throughout the description and claims of this specification, the terms "obtainable" and "obtained" and variations thereof mean "including, but not limited to", and are not intended to exclude other elements (not excluding). On the other hand, the term "obtainable" includes, but is not limited to, the term "obtained". 【0118】 <Detailed Description of the Invention> 【0119】 Typically, when preparing an inverse optical dispersion QWP from a polymer film (hereinafter also referred to as "RM film") containing a polymerizable RM or a polymerizable RM mixture (RMM), a part of the RM film or the RM film laminate must have a director direction perpendicular to the bulk, like the combination of HWP+QWP known from the prior art as described above. 【0120】 In contrast, the polymer film according to the present invention has a planar orientation, and by adding a small amount of a chiral dopant with a high twisting force, a helical twist is induced in the direction across the entire thickness of the film. As a result, a perpendicular director direction can be provided to a single film using only positive dispersion materials. This reduces the material cost and improves the market competitiveness. 【0121】 Furthermore, the polymer film according to the present invention exhibits a biased helical pitch (or helical pitch gradient), that is, the chiral twist angle gradually increases or decreases across the entire thickness of the film (i.e., in the direction perpendicular to the film plane). By using the materials and methods according to the present invention, such a structure can already be achieved by applying low-intensity UV light. 【0122】 The polymerizable LC medium according to the present invention preferably comprises · a nematic RM host mixture containing one or more di-reactive or multi-reactive mesogenic compounds and optionally one or more mono-reactive mesogenic compounds, and · a chiral component containing one or more (S)-configured chiral compounds and one or more (R)-configured chiral compounds (provided that at least one chiral compound is photoreactive and preferably contains a photo-isomerizable group), and · optionally a photoinitiator and contains. 【0123】 Preferably, the method for preparing the polymer film according to the present invention requires only one additional manufacturing step compared to the method for preparing a conventional planar alignment RM film. This additional step is low-intensity UV radiation in air that causes photoisomerization of the chiral compound and does not require an inert gas atmosphere or additional heating or cooling of the film. 【0124】 In a preferred embodiment, the polymerizable LC material preferably comprises one or more di-reactive or poly-reactive RMs selected from formula DRM. 【0125】 【Chemical formula】 【0126】 In the formula, P 1 and P 2 each independently represent a polymerizable group, Sp 1 and Sp 2 each independently represent a spacer group or a single bond, MG is a rod-like mesogenic group, which is preferably selected from formula MG, 【Chemical formula】 In the formula, A 1 and A 2 when there are a plurality, each independently represent an aromatic or alicyclic group, which may contain one or more heteroatoms selected from N, O and S and may be mono-substituted or poly-substituted by L, L is P-Sp-, F, Cl, Br, I, -CN, -NO2, -NCO, -NCS, -OCN, -SCN, -C(=O)NR x R y , -C(=O)OR x , -C(=O)R x , -NR x R y、 -OH, -SF5, optionally substituted silyl, aryl or heteroaryl having 1 to 12, preferably 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and linear or branched alkyl, alkoxy, alkylcarbonyl, alkoxycarbonyl, alkylcarbonyloxy or alkoxycarbonyloxy having 1 to 12, preferably 1 to 6 carbon atoms, provided that one or more H atoms may be replaced by F or Cl, R x and R y each independently represents H or alkyl having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, Z 1 When there are a plurality of them, they are independently of each other, -O-, -S-, -CO-, -COO-, -OCO-, -S-CO-, -CO-S-, -O-COO-, -CO-NR x -, -NR x -, -NR x -CO-NR y -, -NR x -CO-O-, -O-CO-NR x -, -OCH2-, -CH2O-, -SCH2-, -CH2S-, -CF2O-, -OCF2-, -CF2S-, -SCF2-, -CH2CH2-, -(CH2) n1 -, -CF2CH2-, -CH2CF2-, -CF2CF2-, -CH=N-, -N=CH-, -N=N-, -CH=CR x -, -CY 1 =CY 2 -, -C≡C-, -CH=CH-COO-, -OCO-CH=CH- or a single bond, preferably -COO-, -OCO- or a single bond, Y 1 and Y 2 each independently represents H, F, Cl or CN, n is 1, 2, 3 or 4, preferably 1 or 2, most preferably 2, n1 is an integer from 1 to 10, preferably 1, 2, 3 or 4. 【0127】 Preferred group A 1 and A 2Examples include, but are not limited to, furan, pyrrole, thiophene, oxazole, thiazole, thiadiazole, imidazole, phenylene, cyclohexylene, bicyclooctylene, cyclohexenylene, pyridine, pyrimidine, pyrazine, azulene, indane, fluorene, naphthalene, tetrahydronaphthalene, anthracene, phenanthrene, and dithienothiophene, all of which may be unsubstituted or substituted by one, two, three, or four groups L as defined above. 【0128】 Preferred group A 1 and A 2 are selected from 1,4-phenylene, pyridine-2,5-diyl, pyrimidine-2,5-diyl, thiophene-2,5-diyl, naphthalene-2,6-diyl, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-naphthalene-2,6-diyl, indane-2,5-diyl, bicyclooctylene or 1,4-cyclohexylene, where one or two non-adjacent CH2 groups may optionally be replaced by O and / or S, and where these groups may be unsubstituted or substituted by one, two, three, or four groups L as defined above. 【0129】 Preferred RM of formula DRM is selected from formula RDMa. 【0130】 【Chemical formula】 【0131】 In the formula, P 0 when occurring multiple times, are each independently a polymerizable group, preferably an acrylic, methacrylic, oxetane, epoxy, vinyl, heptadiene, vinyloxy, propenyl ether or styrene group, Z 0 is -COO-, -OCO-, -CH2CH2-, -CF2O-, -OCF2-, -C≡C-, -CH=CH-, -OCO-CH=CH-, -CH=CH-COO- or a single bond, L, which may be the same or different in each occurrence, has one of the meanings given to L in formula I, and when occurring multiple times, is independently selected from F, Cl, CN, or an optionally halogenated alkyl, alkoxy, alkylcarbonyl, alkoxycarbonyl, alkylcarbonyloxy, or alkoxycarbonyloxy having 1 to 5 C atoms, 1 r is 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4, r is 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4, x and y are each independently 0, or are the same or different and are integers from 1 to 12, z is 0 or 1, provided that it is 0 when an adjacent x or y is 0. 【0132】 Very preferred RM of formula DRM is selected from the following formulas. 【0133】 【Chemical formula】 【0134】 【Chemical formula】 【0135】 wherein P 0 , L, r, x, y, and z are as defined in formula DRMa. 【0136】 Compounds of formulas DRMa1, DRMa2, and DRMa3, especially those of formula DRMa1, are particularly preferred. 【0137】 The concentration of the di- or poly-reactive RM, preferably those of formula DRM and its sub-formulas, in the RM mixture is preferably 1% to 60%, very preferably 10 to 60%, more preferably 20 to 55%. 【0138】 In a preferred embodiment, the polymerizable LC medium preferably contains one or more mono-reactive RMs in addition to the di- or poly-reactive RM selected from formula DRM. 【0139】 These additional monoreactive RMs are preferably selected from compounds of the formula MRM. 【0140】 【Chemical formula】 【0141】 wherein P 1 , Sp 1 and MG have the meanings given by the formula DRM, R is P-Sp-, F, Cl, Br, I, -CN, -NO2, -NCO, -NCS, -OCN, -SCN, -C(=O)NR x R y , -C(=O)X, -C(=O)OR x , -C(=O)R y , -NR x R y , -OH, -SF5, optionally substituted silyl, linear or branched alkyl, alkoxy, alkylcarbonyl, alkoxycarbonyl, alkylcarbonyloxy or alkoxycarbonyloxy having 1 to 12, preferably 1 to 6 carbon atoms, provided that one or more H atoms may be replaced by F or Cl, X is halogen, preferably F or Cl, R x and R y are each independently of one another H or alkyl having 1 to 12 carbon atoms. 【0142】 Preferably, the RM of the formula MRM is selected from the following formulas. 【0143】 【Chemical formula】 【0144】 【Chemical formula】 【0145】 [Chemical] 【0146】 [Chemical] 【0147】 In the formula, P 0 , L, r, x, y, and z are as defined in formula DRMa, R 0 is alkyl, alkoxy, thioalkyl, alkylcarbonyl, alkoxycarbonyl, alkylcarbonyloxy, or alkoxycarbonyloxy having one or more, preferably 1 to 15 carbon atoms, or Y 0 or P-(CH2) y -(O) z - represents, X 0 is -O-, -S-, -CO-, -COO-, -OCO-, -O-COO-, -CO-NR 01 -, -NR 01 -CO-, -NR 01 -CO-NR 01 -,-OCH2-,-CH2O-,-SCH2-,-CH2S-,-CF2O-,-OCF2-,-CF2S-,-SCF2-,-CF2CH2-,-CH2CF2-,-CF2CF2-,-CH=N-,-N=CH-,-N=N-,-CH=CR 01 -,-CF=CF-,-C≡C-,-CH=CH-COO-,-OCO-CH=CH- or a single bond, Y 0 is F, Cl, CN, NO2, OCH3, OCN, SCN, SF5, or monofluorinated, oligofluorinated, or polyfluorinated alkyl or alkoxy having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, Z 0 is -COO-, -OCO-, -CH2CH2-,-CF2O-,-OCF2-,-CH=CH-,-OCO-CH=CH-,-CH=CH-COO- or a single bond, A 0is 1,4-phenylene which, when there are a plurality of them, is unsubstituted or substituted with one, two, three or four groups L independently of one another, or trans-1,4-cyclohexylene, R 01、02 each is, independently of one another, H, R 0 or Y 0 and u and v are each, independently of one another, 0, 1 or 2, w is 0 or 1, provided that the benzene ring and the naphthalene ring may additionally be substituted with one or more identical or different groups L. 【0148】 Compounds of the formulas MRM1, MRM2, MRM3, MRM4, MRM5, MRM6, MRM7, in particular those of the formulas MRM1, MRM4, MRM6 and MRM7, are particularly preferred. 【0149】 The concentration of all the reactive RMs in the polymerizable LC medium is preferably from 1 to 80%, very preferably from 5 to 70%, more preferably from 10 to 60%. 【0150】 Compounds of the formulas DRM, MRM and their sub-formulas are known to those skilled in the art and can be prepared analogously to the methods described in standard works of organic chemistry such as Houben-Weyl, "Methoden der organischen Chemie [Methods of Organic Chemistry]", Thieme-Verlag, Stuttgart. 【0151】 In a preferred embodiment, the proportion of the polymerizable mesogenic compound in the entire polymerizable liquid crystal medium according to the invention is in the range from 30 to 99% by weight, more preferably in the range from 40 to 97% by weight, even more preferably in the range from 50 to 95% by weight. 【0152】 The proportion of said mono-reactive, di-reactive or poly-reactive liquid crystal compound, preferably selected from the compounds of formula DRM, MRM as given above and below, in the entire polymerizable liquid crystal medium according to the invention is preferably in the range of 30 to 99.9% by weight, more preferably in the range of 40 to 99.9% by weight, even more preferably in the range of 50 to 99.9% by weight. 【0153】 In a preferred embodiment, the proportion of the di-reactive or poly-reactive polymerizable mesogenic compound in the entire polymerizable liquid crystal medium according to the invention is preferably in the range of 5 to 99% by weight, more preferably in the range of 10 to 97% by weight, even more preferably in the range of 15 to 95% by weight. 【0154】 In another preferred embodiment, if present, the proportion of the mono-reactive polymerizable mesogenic compound in the entire polymerizable liquid crystal medium according to the invention is preferably in the range of 5 to 80% by weight, more preferably in the range of 10 to 75% by weight, even more preferably in the range of 15 to 70% by weight. 【0155】 In another preferred embodiment, if present, the proportion of the poly-reactive polymerizable mesogenic compound in the entire polymerizable liquid crystal medium according to the invention is preferably in the range of 1 to 30% by weight, more preferably in the range of 2 to 20% by weight, even more preferably in the range of 3 to 10% by weight. 【0156】 In another preferred embodiment, the proportion of the di-reactive or poly-reactive polymerizable mesogenic compound in the entire polymerizable liquid crystal medium according to the invention is in the range of 20 to 70% by weight, more preferably in the range of 30 to 60% by weight, and the proportion of the mono-reactive polymerizable mesogenic compound in the entire polymerizable liquid crystal medium according to the invention is in the range of 10 to 60% by weight, more preferably in the range of 20 to 50% by weight. 【0157】 In another preferred embodiment, the polymerizable LC medium does not contain a polymerizable mesogenic compound having more than two polymerizable groups. 【0158】 In another preferred embodiment, the polymerizable LC medium does not contain a polymerizable mesogenic compound having less than two polymerizable groups. 【0159】 In a more preferred embodiment, the polymerizable LC material preferably comprises at least one mono-reactive mesogenic compound selected from the formulas MRM1, MRM7, MRM9 and MRM10, and at least one di-reactive mesogenic compound preferably selected from the formula DRMa1. 【0160】 In a more preferred embodiment, the polymerizable LC material preferably comprises at least two mono-reactive mesogenic compounds selected from the formulas MRM1, MRM7, MRM9 and MRM10, and at least one di-reactive mesogenic compound preferably selected from the formula DRMa1. 【0161】 In a more preferred embodiment, the polymerizable LC material preferably comprises at least two mono-reactive mesogenic compounds selected from the formulas MRM1, MRM7, MRM9 and MRM10, and at least two di-reactive mesogenic compounds preferably selected from the compounds of the formula DRMa1. 【0162】 In a more preferred embodiment, the polymerizable LC material preferably comprises at least two di-reactive mesogenic compounds selected from the compounds of the formula DRMa1. 【0163】 The polymerizable LC medium preferably exhibits a nematic LC phase or a smectic LC phase and a nematic LC phase at room temperature, and more preferably a nematic LC phase. 【0164】 Preferably, the chiral compounds used in the polymerizable LC medium are each 20 μm -1 or more, preferably 40 μm -1 or more, more preferably 60 μm -1 or more to 260 μm -1 in the range, most preferably 80 μm -1 or more to 260 μm -1It has an absolute value of the helical twisting power (HTP) within the range of. 【0165】 The chiral compound preferably contains a binaphthyl group, an isosorbide group, or an isomannide group. The photoreactive chiral compound preferably additionally contains a cinnamate group, a stilbene group, an azo group, or a Schiff base (-CH=N-) group, preferably a cinnamate group. 【0166】 The chiral compound may be polymerizable or non-polymerizable. The polymerizable chiral compound preferably contains one or more, preferably two, polymerizable groups P as described above and below, preferably selected from acrylate and methacrylate groups, and very preferably selected from acrylate groups. 【0167】 Preferably, the non-polymerizable chiral compound is selected from the group of compounds of formula C-I to C-III. 【0168】 [Chemical formula] 【0169】 The latter each contain the (S,S) enantiomer. 【0170】 In the formula, E and F are each independently 1,4-phenylene or trans-1,4-cyclohexylene, v is 0 or 1, and Z 0 is -COO-, -OCO-, -CH2CH2-, or a single bond, and R is alkyl, alkoxy, or alkanoyl having 1 to 12 carbon atoms. 【0171】 Particularly preferred is a cholesteric polymerizable LC material containing one or more chiral compounds that do not necessarily exhibit a liquid crystal phase. 【0172】 The compounds of formula C-II and their synthesis are described in International Publication No. 98 / 00428. The compounds of formula C-III and their synthesis are described in British Patent No. 2,328,207. 【0173】 More typically used chiral compounds are, for example, commercially available R / S-5011, R / S-811 and CB-15 (manufactured by Merck, Darmstadt, Germany). 【0174】 The above-mentioned chiral compounds R / S-5011 and the (other) compounds of formulas C-I, C-II and C-III exhibit very high helical twisting power (HTP) and are thus particularly useful for the purposes of the present invention. 【0175】 The polymerizable LC medium preferably contains 1 to 5, particularly 1 to 3, very preferably 1 or 2 chiral compounds selected from the above formula C-II and / or formula C-III and / or R-5011 or S-5011, and very preferably the chiral compounds are R-5011 and S-5011. 【0176】 Preferably, the polymerizable LC medium contains one or more non-reactive chiral compounds and / or one or more mono-reactive, di-reactive and / or poly-reactive chiral compounds. 【0177】 More preferably, the polymerizable LC medium contains only polymerizable chiral compounds preferably selected from di-reactive compounds. 【0178】 Suitable mesogenic reactive chiral compounds preferably contain one or more ring structural elements linked together either directly or via a linking group, and two of these ring structural elements may be linked to each other either directly or via a linking group which may be the same as or different from the aforementioned linking group. The ring structural elements are preferably selected from the group of 4-membered rings, 5-membered rings, 6-membered rings or 7-membered rings, preferably 5-membered rings or 6-membered rings. 【0179】 Preferred mono-reactive or di-reactive chiral compounds are selected from the compounds of formulas CRMa, CRMb and CRMc. 【0180】 [Chemical formula] 【0181】 In the formula, P 0* represents a polymerizable group P, Sp * represents a spacer group Sp, R is P 0 or P 0 -Sp * - and represents, A 0 and B 0 When they appear multiple times, they are independently of each other, unsubstituted or substituted with one, two, three or four groups L as defined above, 1,4-phenylene, or trans-1,4-cyclohexylene, X 1 and X 2 are each independently of the other, -O-, -COO-, -OCO-, -O-CO-O- or a single bond, Z 0* When they appear multiple times, they are independently of each other, -COO-, -OCO-, -O-CO-O-, -OCH2-, -CH2O-, -CF2O-, -OCF2-, -CH2CH2-, -(CH2)4-, -CF2CH2-, -CH2CF2-, -CF2CF2-, -C≡C-, -CH=CH-, -CH=CH-COO-, -OCO-CH=CH- or a single bond, t is each independently of the other 0, 1, 2 or 3, a is 0, 1 or 2, b is an integer from 0 or 1 to 12, z is 0 or 1, However, in addition, the naphthalene ring can be substituted with one or more identical or different groups L, However, L is each independently of the other F, Cl, CN, halogenated alkyl having 1 to 5 C atoms, alkoxy, alkylcarbonyl, alkoxycarbonyl, alkylcarbonyloxy or alkoxycarbonyloxy. 【0182】 The compounds of formula CRM are preferably selected from the group of compounds of the following formulae. 【0183】 【Chemical formula】 【0184】 In the formula, A 0 , B 0 , Z 0* , P 0* , a and b have one of the meanings given by formula CRM or the preferred meanings given above and below, and (OCO) represents -O-CO- or a single bond. 【0185】 Particularly preferred compounds of formula CRM are selected from the group consisting of the following sub-formulae. 【0186】 【Chemical formula】 【0187】 【Chemical formula】 【0188】 In the formula, R is -X 2 -(CH2) x -P 0* as defined in formula CRMaa, and the benzene and naphthalene rings are unsubstituted or substituted with one, two, three or four groups L as defined above and below. 【0189】 In a preferred embodiment, the polymerizable LC medium comprises at least one photoreactive chiral compound in the R configuration and at least one photoreactive chiral compound in the S configuration, preferably selected from the chiral compounds of formulae CRMa to CRMc. 【0190】 In a preferred embodiment, the polymerizable LC medium comprises at least one photoreactive chiral compound in the S configuration and preferably at least one photoreactive chiral compound in the R configuration selected from chiral compounds of the formula CRMa~CRMc. 【0191】 In a preferred embodiment, the polymerizable LC medium comprises at least one photoreactive chiral compound in the R or S configuration. 【0192】 In a preferred embodiment, the configuration of the photoreactive chiral compound is selected to be different from the configuration of the chiral compound that does not contain a photoreactive group. For example, when the chiral compound is selected in the R configuration, a photoreactive chiral compound in the S configuration is preferred, and vice versa. Therefore, the individual values of the HTP of the individual chiral compounds with different configurations compensate for each other with respect to the individual helical twist forces, giving the absolute value of the resulting HTP (hereinafter also referred to as |HTP Δ |). 【0193】 In a preferred embodiment, the polymerizable LC medium comprises one or more chiral compounds in the (S) configuration and in addition one or more chiral compounds in the (R) configuration, and at least one of said chiral compounds in either the (S) configuration or the (R) configuration is selected from photoreactive chiral compounds, and the resulting |HTP Δ | is in the range of 0.1 μm -1 ~100 μm -1 more preferably in the range of 0.5 μm -1 ~50 μm -1 most preferably in the range of 1 μm -1 ~25 μm -1 is within the range. 【0194】 The photoreactive chiral compound is preferably a polymerizable photoreactive chiral compound, preferably selected from compounds of formula I. 【0195】 【Chemical formula】 【0196】 In the formula, P is CH2=CW-COO-, WCH=CH-O- or CH2=CH-phenyl-(O) k -, where W is H, CH3 or F, Cl, k is 0 or 1, Sp is a spacer group having 1 to 20 C atoms, X is a group selected from -O-, -S-, -CO-, -COO-, -OCO-, -OCO-O-, -S-CO-, -CO-S- or a single bond, n is 0 or 1, Z 1 and Z 2 are each independently -COO-, -OCO-, -CH2CH2-, -OCH2-, -CH2O-, -CH=CH-, -CH=CH-COO-, -OCO-CH=CH-, -C≡C- or a single bond, A 1 and A 2 are each independently 1,4-phenylene (in which one or more CH groups in the group may be replaced by N), 1,4-cyclohexylene (in which one or two non-adjacent CH2 groups in the group may be replaced by O and / or S), 1,4-cyclohexenylene, 1,4-bicyclo(2,2,2)octylene, piperidine-1,4-diyl, naphthalene-2,6-diyl, decahydronaphthalene-2,6-diyl or 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene-2,6-diyl, and all these groups are unsubstituted or substituted by halogen, cyano, nitro group, one or more H atoms may be substituted by F or Cl and may be mono-substituted or multi-substituted by an alkyl, alkoxy or acyl group having 1 to 7 C atoms, m and l are each independently 0, 1 or 2, G is the following structural element, 【Chemical formula】 However, q is 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4, L is independently in each case a halogen, cyano or nitro group or an alkyl, alkoxy or acyl group having 1 to 7 C atoms, provided that one or more H atoms may be substituted by F or Cl, X is a photoreactive group, preferably a cinnamate group or an azo group, and R may be unsubstituted or mono- or polysubstituted by halogen or CN and is an alkyl group having up to 25 C atoms, and one or more non-adjacent CH2 groups may each be replaced, independently of one another in each case, by -O-, -S-, -NH-, -N(CH3)-, -CO-, -COO-, -OCO-, -OCO-O-, -S-CO-, -CO-S- or -C≡C- such that oxygen atoms are not directly linked to one another, or alternatively R is halogen, cyano or independently has one of the meanings given for P-(Sp-X) n - has one of the meanings given for. 【0197】 In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the photoreactive chiral compound according to formula I is a compound of formula Ia. 【0198】 [Chemical formula] 【0199】 wherein P, Sp, X, n, L, q and R have the meanings given in formula I. 【0200】 In the compound of formula Ia, P is preferably acrylate or methacrylate, very preferably acrylate, (Sp-X) n is preferably -O-(CH2) p1 -, -OCO-(CH2) p1 -, very preferably -O-(CH2) p1 -, where p1 is an integer from 1 to 6, R is preferably P-(Sp-X) n -, n is preferably 1 and q is preferably 0. 【0201】 In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the photoreactive chiral compound is selected by formula I or Ia, provided that R is P-(Sp-X) as given above n - has one of the meanings given above. 【0202】 In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the photoreactive chiral compound is a compound of formula I or Ia, provided that R is a halogen, cyano or an achiral or chiral alkyl or alkoxy group having 1 to 15 C atoms which may be fluorinated. 【0203】 In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the photoreactive chiral compound is a compound of formula I or Ia, provided that n is 1, Sp is an alkylene having 1 to 15 C atoms, and X is -O-, -O-CO-, -CO-O- or a single bond. 【0204】 The halogen is preferably F, Cl or Br, particularly preferably F. 【0205】 Among the photoreactive chiral compounds of formula I, the following are preferred. 【0206】 【Chemical formula】 【0207】 In the formula, P, Sp, X, A 1 , A 2 , Z 1 , Z 2 , G and R have the meanings given in formula I as described above. 【0208】 Among these photoreactive chiral compounds, particularly preferred are the compounds of formulae I1 to I4, and particularly preferred are the compounds of formulae I1 and I2. 【0209】 Particularly preferred photoreactive chiral compounds of formula I1 are those in which n is 1 and R is alkyl or alkoxy having 1 to 15 C atoms or has the meaning of P-Sp-X-. Further, -Sp-X- in the compounds of formula I1 is preferably alkylene or alkyleneoxy having 1 to 12 C atoms. 【0210】 Among the photoreactive chiral compounds of formulas I2 to I9, those in which R is alkyl or alkoxy or has the meaning given to P-Sp-X- and Z 1 and Z 2 are each independently -COO-, -OCO-, -CH2-CH2- or a single bond are particularly preferred. 【0211】 A 1 and A 2 Among the photoreactive chiral compounds in which A and A represent a heterocyclic group, those containing a pyridine-2,5-diyl group, a pyrimidine-2,5-diyl group or a 1,3-dioxane-2,5-diyl group are particularly preferred. 【0212】 A smaller group of particularly preferred photoreactive chiral compounds of formulas I2, I3 and I4 is listed below. For simplicity, PheS is 1,4-phenylene, the group being substituted at the 2- and / or 3-position by S, provided that S has one of the meanings of L as given in formula I above. Further, Pyd is pyridine-2,5-diyl, Pyr is pyrimidine-2,5-diyl, Cyc is 1,4-cyclohexylene, Dio is trans-1,3-dioxane-2,5-diyl, Dit is trans-1,3-dithiane-2,5-diyl and Nap is tetra- or decahydronaphthalene-2,6-diyl or naphthalene-2,6-diyl group. In each case the notations Pyd, Pyr, Dio and Dit include two possible positional isomers. 【0213】 Particularly preferred photoreactive chiral compounds of formula I2 are those of the following formula. 【0214】 【Chemical formula】 【0215】 In the compounds of Formulas I2-1 to I2-20, P, Sp, X, G, Z 1 , Z 2 and R, unless otherwise indicated, have the meanings given in Formula I above. 【0216】 In the compounds of Formulas I2-1 to I2-20, R is particularly preferably P-Sp-X- or an alkyl or alkoxy group having 1 to 15 carbon atoms. Further, Z in these compounds 1 is particularly preferably an ester group (-CO-O- or -O-CO-), -CH2CH2- or a single bond. 【0217】 Among the compounds of Formulas I2-1 to I2-20, those of Formulas I2-1 to I2-9 are preferred. Particularly preferred are the compounds of Formulas I2-1 to I2-4. 【0218】 Particularly preferred photoreactive chiral compounds of Formula I3 are those of the following formula. 【0219】 [Chemical formula] 【0220】 Particularly preferred photoreactive chiral compounds of Formula I4 are those of the following formula. 【0221】 [Chemical formula] 【0222】 In the compounds of Formulas I3-1 to I3-8 and I4-1 to I4-8, P, Sp, X, G, Z 1 , Z 2 and R, unless otherwise indicated, have the meanings given in Formula I as described above. 【0223】 Among the preferred compounds of Formulas I3-1 to I3-8 and I4-1 to I4-8, those in which R is P-Sp-X- or an alkyl or alkoxy group having 1 to 15 carbon atoms, and Z 1 is -COO-, -OCO-, -CH2CH2- or a single bond are particularly preferred. 【0224】 When R is an alkyl or alkoxy group, i.e., when the terminal CH2 group is replaced by -O-, this may be linear or branched. Preferably it is linear and has 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8 carbon atoms, and thus is preferably, for example, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, hexyl, heptyl, octyl, ethoxy, propoxy, butoxy, pentoxy, hexoxy, heptoxy or octoxy, and further methyl, nonyl, decyl, undecyl, dodecyl, tridecyl, tetradecyl, pentadecyl, methoxy, nonoxy, decoxy, undecoxy, dodecoxy, tridecoxy or tetradecoxy. 【0225】 Oxalkyl, i.e., when one CH2 group is replaced by -O-, is preferably linear 2-oxapropyl (=methoxymethyl), 2-(=ethoxymethyl) or 3-oxabutyl (=2-methoxyethyl), 2-, 3- or 4-oxapentyl, 2-, 3-, 4- or 5-oxahexyl, 2-, 3-, 4-, 5- or 6-oxaheptyl, 2-, 3-, 4-, 5-, 6- or 7-oxaoctyl, 2-, 3-, 4-, 5-, 6-, 7- or 8-oxanonyl or 2-, 3-, 4-, 5-, 6-, 7-, 8- or 9-oxadecyl. 【0226】 L and S are preferably F, Cl, CN, NO2, CH3, C2H5, OCH3, OC2H5, COCH3, COC2H5, CF3, OCF3, particularly F, Cl, CN, CH3, C2H5, OCH3, COCH3 and OCF3, and most preferably F, CH3, OCH3 and COCH3. 【0227】 In the compound of formula I, P is CH2=CW-COO-, WCH=CH-O- or CH2=CH-phenyl-(O) k -, provided that W is H, CH3 or Cl, and k is 0 or 1. 【0228】 P is preferably a vinyl group, an acrylate group, a methacrylate group, a propenyl ether group or an epoxy group, particularly preferably an acrylate or methacrylate group. 【0229】 Regarding the spacer group Sp, all groups known to those skilled in the art for this purpose can be used. The spacer group Sp is preferably linked to the polymerizable group P by an ester or ether group or a single bond. The spacer group Sp is preferably a linear or branched alkylene group having 1 to 20 C atoms, particularly 1 to 12 C atoms, in which in addition one or more non-adjacent CH2 groups may be replaced by -O-, -S-, -NH-, -N(CH3)-, -CO-, -O-CO-, -S-CO-, -O-COO-, -CO-S-, -CO-O-, -CH(halogen)-, -CH(CN)-, -CH=CH- or -C≡C-. 【0230】 Typical spacer groups are, for example, -(CH2) o -, -(CH2CH2O) r -, -CH2CH2-, -CH2CH2-S-CH2CH2- or -CH2CH2-NH-CH2CH2-, where o is an integer from 2 to 12 and r is an integer from 1 to 3. 【0231】 Preferred spacer groups are, for example, ethylene, propylene, butylene, pentylene, hexylene, heptylene, octylene, nonylene, decylene, undecylene, dodecylene, octadecylene, ethyleneoxyethylene, methyleneoxybutylene, ethylenethioethylene, ethylene-N-methyliminoethylene and 1-methylalkylene. 【0232】 Particularly preferred are compounds of formula I in which n is 1. 【0233】 In a preferred embodiment, the polymer is a copolymer obtained by copolymerizing a mixture comprising a compound of formula I where n is 0 and a compound of formula I where n is 1. 【0234】 Each R or Q 2 When it is a group of formula P-Sp-X- or P-Sp-, the spacer groups on each side of the mesogenic core may be the same or different. 【0235】 The chiral photoreactive compound of formula I can be prepared, for example, by the method described in British Patent No. 2 314 839 or analogously. 【0236】 The proportion of the chiral compound without a photoreactive group, particularly those selected from formulae C-I, C-II, C-III, CRMa, CRMb and CRMc or their sub-formulae and R / S-5011, in the entire polymerizable liquid crystal medium according to the invention is preferably in the range of 0.05 to 2% by weight, very preferably in the range of 0.1 to 1% by weight, and most preferably in the range of 0.1 to 0.5% by weight. 【0237】 The proportion of the chiral compound with a photoreactive group, particularly those selected from formula I or its sub-formulae, in the entire polymerizable liquid crystal medium according to the invention is preferably in the range of 0.05 to 1% by weight, very preferably in the range of 0.1 to 0.8% by weight, and most preferably in the range of 0.1 to 0.4% by weight. 【0238】 Preferably, the proportion of the chiral compound without a photoreactive group in the entire polymerizable liquid crystal medium according to the invention is smaller than the proportion of the chiral compound with a photoreactive group in the entire polymerizable liquid crystal medium according to the invention. More preferably, the weight % ratio of the chiral compound with a photoreactive group to the chiral compound without a photoreactive group in the polymerizable liquid crystal medium according to the invention is 2:1 to 1:1, more preferably 1.8:1 to 1.4:1, and most preferably 1.7:1 to 1.5:1. 【0239】 In a more preferred embodiment, the polymerizable LC material may contain one or more additives selected from the group consisting of further polymerization initiators, antioxidants, surfactants, stabilizers, catalysts, sensitizers, inhibitors, chain transfer agents, comonomers, reactive thinners, surfactant compounds, lubricants, wetting agents, dispersants, hydrophobizing agents, adhesives, fluidity improvers, deaerating or defoaming agents, antifoaming agents, diluents, reactive diluents, auxiliaries, colorants, dyes, pigments and nanoparticles. 【0240】 In another preferred embodiment, the polymerizable LC medium optionally contains one or more additives selected from polymerizable non-mesogenic compounds (reactive thinners). The amount of these additives in the polymerizable LC medium is preferably 0 to 30%, very preferably 0 to 25%. 【0241】 The reactive thinner used is not only a substance called a reactive thinner in the practical sense, but also the above-mentioned auxiliary compound containing one or more complementary reactive units, such as a hydroxyl group, a thiol group, or an amino group, through which a reaction with the polymerized unit of the liquid crystal compound can occur. 【0242】 Generally, substances capable of photopolymerization include, for example, monofunctional, difunctional, and polyfunctional compounds containing at least one olefinic double bond. Examples thereof are vinyl esters of carboxylic acids such as lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid and stearic acid, and vinyl esters of dicarboxylic acids such as succinic acid, adipic acid, allyl and vinyl ether, and methacrylic acid and acrylic acid esters of monofunctional alcohols such as lauryl, myristyl, palmityl and stearyl alcohol, and diallyl and divinyl ethers of difunctional alcohols such as ethylene glycol and 1,4-butanediol. 【0243】 Also, for example, methacrylic and acrylic esters of polyhydric alcohols, especially those containing no additional functional groups other than hydroxyl groups or containing at most ether groups, are also suitable. Examples of such alcohols are bifunctional alcohols such as ethylene glycol, propylene glycol and their more highly condensed representatives such as diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, tripropylene glycol, etc., butanediol, pentanediol, hexanediol, neopentyl glycol, alkoxylated phenol compounds such as ethoxylated and propoxylated bisphenol, cyclohexanedimethanol, trifunctional and polyfunctional alcohols such as glycerol, trimethylolpropane, butanetriol, trimethylolethane, pentaerythritol, ditrimethylolpropane, dipentaerythritol, sorbitol, mannitol, and the corresponding alkoxylated, especially ethoxylated and propoxylated alcohols. 【0244】 Another suitable reactive thinner is polyester (meth)acrylate which is (meth)acrylate ester of polyesterol. 【0245】 Examples of suitable polyesterols are those which can be prepared by esterifying polycarboxylic acids, preferably dicarboxylic acids, using polyols, preferably diols. Starting materials for such hydroxyl-containing polyesters are known to those skilled in the art. Dicarboxylic acids which can be used are succinic acid, glutaric acid, adipic acid, sebacic acid, o-phthalic acid and their isomers and their hydrogenation products, as well as esterifiable and transesterifiable derivatives of said acids such as anhydrides and dialkyl esters. Suitable polyols are the alcohols mentioned above, preferably ethylene glycol, 1,2- and 1,3-propylene glycol, 1,4-butanediol, 1,6-hexanediol, neopentyl glycol, cyclohexanedimethanol, and ethylene glycol and propylene glycol type polyglycols. 【0246】 Suitable reactive thinners are furthermore acrylic esters of tricyclodecenyl alcohol, also known under the names 1,4-divinylbenzene, triallyl cyanurate, dicyclopentadienyl acrylate, and allyl esters of acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, and cyanoacrylic acid. 【0247】 Among the reactive thinners listed as examples, those having a photopolymerizable group are used in particular and from the viewpoint of the above-described preferred compositions. 【0248】 Examples of this group include dihydric and polyhydric alcohols such as ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, and their more highly condensed representatives such as diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, tripropylene glycol, etc., butanediol, pentanediol, hexanediol, neopentyl glycol, cyclohexanedimethanol, glycerol, trimethylolpropane, butanetriol, trimethylolethane, pentaerythritol, ditrimethylolpropane, dipentaerythritol, sorbitol, mannitol, and the corresponding alkoxylated, especially ethoxylated and propoxylated alcohols. 【0249】 Examples of this group furthermore include alkoxylated phenol compounds such as ethoxylated and propoxylated bisphenol. 【0250】 These reactive thinners may furthermore be, for example, epoxide or urethane (meth)acrylate. 【0251】 Epoxide (meth)acrylate is obtained, for example, by reaction of an epoxidized olefin or a poly- or diglycidyl ether, such as bisphenol A diglycidyl ether, known to those skilled in the art, with (meth)acrylic acid. 【0252】 Urethane (meth)acrylate is, in particular, the product of the reaction of hydroxyalkyl (meth)acrylate with a poly- or diisocyanate, which is likewise known to those skilled in the art. 【0253】 Such epoxides and urethane (meth)acrylates are included among the compounds listed above in "mixed form". 【0254】 When a reactive thinner is used, on the one hand, satisfactory desired effects, such as the desired color of the composition according to the invention, are obtained, and on the other hand, their amounts and properties must be adapted to the respective conditions so that the phase behavior of the liquid crystal composition is not unduly impaired. A low-crosslinking (high-crosslinking) liquid crystal composition can be prepared, for example, using a corresponding reactive thinner with a relatively small (large) number of reactive units per molecule. 【0255】 Examples of the group of diluents are: C1-C4 alcohols, such as methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, isopropanol, butanol, isobutanol, sec-butanol, especially C5-C12 alcohols, n-pentanol, n-hexanol, n-heptanol, n-octanol, n-nonanol, n-decanol, n-undecanol and n-dodecanol, and their isomers, glycols, such as 1,2-ethylene glycol, 1,2- and 1,3-propylene glycol, 1,2-, 2,3- and 1,4-butylene glycol, di- and triethylene glycol, and di- and tripropylene glycol, ethers, such as methyl tert-butyl ether, 1,2-ethylene glycol mono- and dimethyl ether, 1,2-ethylene glycol mono- and -diethyl ether, 3-methoxypropanol, 3-isopropoxypropanol, tetrahydrofuran and dioxane, ketones, such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone and diacetone alcohol (4-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone), C1-C5 alkyl esters, such as methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, propyl acetate, butyl acetate and amyl acetate, aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons, such as pentane, hexane, heptane, octane, isooctane, petroleum ether, toluene, xylene, ethylbenzene, tetralin, decalin, dimethylnaphthalene, white spirit, Shellsol® and Solvesso® mineral oils, such as gasoline, kerosene, gas oil and heating oil, and furthermore natural oils, such as olive oil, soybean oil, rapeseed oil, linseed oil and sunflower oil may be mentioned. 【0256】 Of course, it is also possible to use mixtures of these diluents in the composition according to the invention. 【0257】 As long as there is at least partial miscibility, these diluents can also be mixed with water. Examples of suitable diluents herein are C1-C4-alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, isopropanol, butanol, isobutanol and sec-butanol, glycols such as 1,2-ethylene glycol, 1,2- and 1,3-propylene glycol, 1,2-, 2,3- and 1,4-butylene glycol, di- and triethylene glycol, and di- and tripropylene glycol, ethers such as tetrahydrofuran and dioxane, ketones such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone and diacetone alcohol (4-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone), and C1-C4-alkyl esters such as methyl, ethyl, propyl and butyl acetate. 【0258】 The diluent is optionally used in a proportion of about 0 to 10.0% by weight, preferably about 0 to 5.0% by weight, based on the total weight of the polymerizable LC medium. 【0259】 Antifoaming and defoaming agents (c1)), lubricants and flow aids (c2)), thermosetting or radiation curing aids (c3)), substrate wetting aids (c4)), wetting and dispersing aids (c5)), hydrophobizing agents (c6)), adhesion promoters (c7)) and aids for promoting scratch resistance (c8)) cannot be strictly distinguished from each other in their actions. 【0260】 For example, lubricants and flow aids often act as antifoaming and / or defoaming agents and / or as aids for improving scratch resistance. Radiation curing aids can also act as lubricants and flow aids and / or defoaming agents and / or as substrate wetting aids. Optionally, some of these aids can also perform the function of adhesion promoters (c8)). 【0261】 Correspondingly, specific additives can thus be classified into the following numerous groups of c1)-c8). 【0262】 The defoamers of group c1) include silicon-free and silicon-containing polymers. The silicon-containing polymers are, for example, unmodified or modified polydialkylsiloxanes or branched copolymers, combs or block copolymers containing polydialkylsiloxane and polyether units, the latter being obtained from ethylene oxide or propylene oxide. 【0263】 Examples of the degassing agents of group c1) include organic polymers such as polyethers and polyacrylates, dialkylpolysiloxanes, especially dimethylpolysiloxane, organically modified polysiloxanes such as arylalkyl-modified polysiloxanes, and fluorosilicones. 【0264】 The action of the defoamer is essentially based on preventing the formation of bubbles or destroying the already formed bubbles. The defoamer acts essentially by promoting the aggregation of finely divided gas or air bubbles to produce larger bubbles in the medium to be defoamed, for example in the composition according to the invention, thus facilitating the escape of the (air) gas. The defoamer can also be frequently used as a degassing agent and vice versa, and these additives are grouped together in group c1). 【0265】 Such auxiliaries are, for example, TEGO® Foamex 800, TEGO® Foamex 805, TEGO® Foamex 810, TEGO® Foamex 815, TEGO® Foamex 825, TEGO® Foamex 835, TEGO® Foamex 840, TEGO® Foamex 842, TEGO® Foamex 1435, TEGO® Foamex 1488, TEGO® Foamex 1495, TEGO® Foamex 3062, TEGO® Foamex 7447, TEGO® Foamex 8020, Tego® Foamex N, TEGO® Foamex K3, TEGO® Antifoam 2-18, TEGO® Antifoam 2-18, TEGO® Antifoam 2-57, TEGO® Antifoam 2-80, TEGO® Antifoam 2-82, TEGO® Antifoam 2-89, TEGO® Antifoam 2-92, TEGO® Antifoam 14, TEGO® Antifoam 28, TEGO® Antifoam 81, TEGO® Antifoam D90, TEGO® Antifoam 93, TEGO® Antifoam 200, TEGO® Antifoam 201, TEGO® Antifoam 202, TEGO® Antifoam 793, TEGO® Antifoam 1488, TEGO® Antifoam 3062, TEGOPREN® 5803, TEGOPREN® 5852, TEGOPREN® 5863, TEGOPREN® 7008, TEGO® Antifoam 1-60, TEGO® Antifoam 1-62, TEGO® Antifoam 1-85, TEGO® Antifoam 2-67, TEGO® Antifoam WM20, TEGO® Antifoam 50, TEGO® Antifoam 105, TEGO® Antifoam 730TEGO® Antifoam MR1015, TEGO® Antifoam MR1016, TEGO® Antifoam 1435, TEGO® Antifoam N, TEGO® Antifoam KS6, TEGO® Antifoam KS10, TEGO® Antifoam KS53, TEGO® Antifoam KS95, TEGO® Antifoam KS100, TEGO® Antifoam KE600, TEGO® Antifoam KS911, TEGO® Antifoam MR1000, TEGO® Antifoam KS1100, Tego® Airex 900, Tego® Airex 910, Tego® Airex 931, Tego® Airex 935, Tego® Airex 936, Tego® Airex 960, Tego® Airex 970, Tego® Airex 980 and Tego® Airex 985 are commercially available from Tego, and BYK®-011, BYK®-019, BYK®-020, BYK®-021, BYK®-022, BYK®-023, BYK®-024, BYK®-025, BYK®-027, BYK®-031, BYK®-032, BYK®-033, BYK®-034, BYK®-035, BYK®-036, BYK®-037, BYK®-045, BYK®-051, BYK®-052, BYK®-053, BYK®-055, BYK®-057, BYK®-065, BYK®-066, BYK®-070, BYK®-080, BYK®-088, BYK®-141 and BYK®-A530 are commercially available from BYK., 【0266】 The auxiliary agent in group c1) is optionally used at a ratio of about 0 to 3.0% by weight, preferably about 0 to 2.0% by weight, based on the total weight of the polymerizable LC medium. 【0267】 In group c2), the lubricant and the flow aid usually include not only silicon-free polymers but also silicon-containing polymers such as polyacrylates or modifiers, and low molecular weight polydialkylsiloxanes. The modification is in some of the alkyl groups replaced by a wide variety of organic groups. These organic groups are, for example, polyethers, polyesters, or even long-chain alkyl groups, with the former being the most frequently used. 【0268】 The polyether groups in the corresponding modified polysiloxanes are usually composed of ethylene oxide and / or propylene oxide units. Generally, the higher the proportion of these alkylene oxide units in the modified polysiloxane, the more hydrophilic the resulting product becomes. 【0269】 Such auxiliaries are commercially available from Tego, for example, as TEGO® Glide100, TEGO® GlideZG400, TEGO® Glide406, TEGO® Glide410, TEGO® Glide411, TEGO® Glide415, TEGO® Glide420, TEGO® Glide435, TEGO® Glide440, TEGO® Glide450, TEGO® GlideA115, TEGO® GlideB1484 (which can also be used as an antifoaming agent and defoaming agent), TEGO® FlowATF, TEGO® Flow300, TEGO® Flow460, TEGO® Flow425 and TEGO® FlowZFS460. Suitable radiation-curable lubricants and flow aids that can also be used to improve scratch resistance are products of TEGO® Rad2100, TEGO® Rad2200, TEGO® Rad2500, TEGO® Rad2600 and TEGO® Rad2700 and can likewise be obtained from Tego. 【0270】 Such auxiliaries are also available from BYK, for example, as BYK®-300, BYK®-306, BYK®-307, BYK®-310, BYK®-320, BYK®-333, BYK®-341, Byk®354, Byk®361, Byk®361N, BYK®388. 【0271】 Also, for example, such auxiliaries are available from 3M as FC4430®. 【0272】 Also, for example, such auxiliaries are available from Cytonix as FluorN®561 or FluorN®562. 【0273】 For example, such auxiliaries are also available from Merck as Tivida® FL2300 and Tivida® FL2500. 【0274】 The auxiliaries of group c2) are optionally used in a proportion of about 0 to 3.0% by weight, preferably about 0 to 2.0% by weight, based on the total weight of the polymerizable LC medium. 【0275】 In group c3), the radiation-curing auxiliaries include, in particular, polysiloxanes having terminal double bonds which are components of acrylate groups, for example. Such auxiliaries can be crosslinked by actinic radiation or, for example, by electron beams. These auxiliaries generally have many properties combined. In the uncrosslinked state, they can act as defoamers, degassing agents, lubricants and flow aids and / or substrate wetting aids, while in the crosslinked state, they particularly improve the scratch resistance of coatings or films, for example, which can be produced using the composition according to the invention. For example, precisely, the improvement of the gloss properties of these coatings or films is considered to be essentially the result of the action of these auxiliaries as defoamers, degassing agents and / or lubricants, and flow aids (in the uncrosslinked state). 【0276】 Examples of suitable radiation-curing auxiliaries are the products TEGO® Rad2100, TEGO® Rad2200, TEGO® Rad2500, TEGO® Rad2600 and TEGO® Rad2700 available from TEGO and the product BYK®-371 available from BYK. 【0277】 The thermosetting auxiliaries of group c3) include, for example, those capable of reacting with the isocyanate groups of the binder and containing, for example, primary OH groups. 【0278】 Examples of thermosetting auxiliaries that can be used are the products BYK®-370, BYK®-373 and BYK®-375 available from BYK. 【0279】 The auxiliary agent of group c3) is optionally used at a ratio of about 0 to 5.0% by weight, preferably about 0 to 3.0% by weight, based on the total weight of the polymerizable LC medium. 【0280】 The substrate wetting auxiliary agent of group c4) is particularly useful for enhancing the wettability of a substrate to be printed or coated, for example, with a printing ink or a coating composition, such as the composition according to the present invention. Generally, along with the improvement of the lubricating behavior and flow behavior of such a printing ink or coating composition, the appearance of the completed (e.g., crosslinked) print or coating is also affected. 【0281】 Such a variety of auxiliary agents are commercially available, for example, from Tego as TEGO® Wet KL245, TEGO® Wet 250, TEGO® Wet 260, and TEGO® Wet ZF453, and from BYK as BYK® - 306, BYK® - 307, BYK® - 310, BYK® - 333, BYK® - 344, BYK® - 345, BYK® - 346, and BYK® - 348. 【0282】 The auxiliary agent of group c4) is optionally used at a ratio of about 0 to 3.0% by weight, preferably about 0 to 1.5% by weight, based on the total weight of the liquid crystal composition. 【0283】 The wetting and dispersing auxiliary agent of group c5) particularly plays a role in preventing the immersion, floating, and sedimentation of pigments, and thus is particularly suitable for the pigment composition according to the present invention as needed. 【0284】 These auxiliary agents essentially stabilize the pigment dispersion by the electrostatic repulsion and / or steric hindrance of the pigment particles containing these additives. In the latter case, the interaction between the auxiliary agent and the surrounding medium (e.g., binder) plays a major role. 【0285】 The use of such wetting and dispersing aids is generally carried out in technical fields such as printing inks and paints, for example. Therefore, when using an appropriate aid of this type, there is generally no problem for those skilled in the art. 【0286】 Such wetting and dispersing aids are commercially available, for example, from Tego as TEGO® Dispers 610, TEGO® Dispers 610S, TEGO® Dispers 630, TEGO® Dispers 700, TEGO® Dispers 705, TEGO® Dispers 710, TEGO® Dispers 720W, TEGO® Dispers 725W, TEGO® Dispers 730W, TEGO® Dispers 735W and TEGO® Dispers 740W, and from BYK as Disperbyk®, Disperbyk®-107, Disperbyk®-108, Disperbyk®-110, Disperbyk®-111, Disperbyk®-115, Disperbyk®-130, Disperbyk®-160, Disperbyk®-161, Disperbyk®-162, Disperbyk®-163, Disperbyk®-164, Disperbyk®-165, Disperbyk®-166, Disperbyk®-167, Disperbyk®-170, Disperbyk®-174, Disperbyk®-180, Disperbyk®-181, Disperbyk®-182, Disperbyk®-183, Disperbyk®-184, Disperbyk®-185, Disperbyk®-190, Anti-Terra®-U, Anti-Terra®-U80, Anti-Terra®-P, Anti-Terra®-203, Anti-Terra®-204, Anti-Terra®-206, BYK®-151, BYK®-154, BYK®-155, BYK®-P104S, BYK®-P105, Lactimon®, Lactimon®-WS,and is commercially available as Bykumen (registered trademark). 【0287】 The amount of the auxiliary agent used in group c5) is based on the average molecular weight of the auxiliary agent. Therefore, in any case, preliminary experiments are desirable, but these can be simply carried out by those skilled in the art. 【0288】 The hydrophobizing agent of group c6) can be used, for example, to impart water repellency to a print or coating produced using the composition according to the invention. Thereby, swelling due to water absorption, and thus, for example, a change in the optical properties of such a print or coating is prevented or at least significantly suppressed. Also, when the composition is used as a printing ink for offset printing, for example, water absorption can thereby be prevented or at least significantly reduced. 【0289】 Such hydrophobizing agents are commercially available, for example, from Tego as Tego (registered trademark) Phobe WF, Tego (registered trademark) Phobe 1000, Tego (registered trademark) Phobe 1000S, Tego (registered trademark) Phobe 1010, Tego (registered trademark) Phobe 1030, Tego (registered trademark) Phobe 1010, Tego (registered trademark) Phobe 1010, Tego (registered trademark) Phobe 1030, Tego (registered trademark) Phobe 1040, Tego (registered trademark) Phobe 1050, Tego (registered trademark) Phobe 1200, Tego (registered trademark) Phobe 1300, Tego (registered trademark) Phobe 1310, and Tego (registered trademark) Phobe 1400. 【0290】 The auxiliary agent of group c6) is optionally used in a proportion of about 0 to 5.0% by weight, preferably about 0 to 3.0% by weight, based on the total weight of the polymerizable LC medium. 【0291】 Further adhesion promoters from group c7) serve to improve the adhesion of the two contacting interfaces. From this, it can immediately be seen that the only effective part of the adhesion promoter is that which is located at one or both of the interfaces. For example, when it is desirable to apply a liquid or pasty printing ink, coating composition or paint to a solid substrate, this generally means that the adhesion promoter has to be added directly to the latter or the substrate has to be pretreated with the adhesion promoter (also known as priming), i.e., the substrate is given modified chemical and / or physical surface properties. 【0292】 If the substrate has been pre-coated with a primer, this means that the contacting interfaces are, on the one hand, those of the primer and, on the other hand, those of the printing ink or coating composition or paint. In this case, not only the adhesiveness between the substrate and the primer but also the adhesiveness between the substrate and the printing ink or coating composition or paint contribute to the adhesion of the entire multilayer structure on the substrate. 【0293】 Adhesion promoters that can be described in a broader sense are also the substrate wetting aids already mentioned in group c4), but these generally do not have the same adhesion promoting ability. 【0294】 Given the great variety of physical and chemical properties of substrates and, for example, printing inks, coating compositions and paints for the purpose of printing or coating them, the variety of adhesion promoter systems is not surprising. 【0295】 Silane-based adhesion promoters include, for example, 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, 3-aminopropylmethyldiethoxysilane, N-aminoethyl-3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, N-aminoethyl-3-aminopropylmethyldimethoxysilane, N-methyl-3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, 3-ureidopropyltriethoxysilane, 3-methacryloyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane, 3-glycidyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane, 3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane, 3-chloropropyltrimethoxysilane and vinyltrimethoxysilane. These and other silanes are commercially available from Huels under the trade name DYNASILAN (registered trademark). 【0296】 Whether the corresponding technical information from the manufacturer of such additives should be generally used, or a person skilled in the art can obtain this information in a simple manner through corresponding preliminary experiments. 【0297】 However, when these additives are added to the polymerizable LC medium according to the invention as auxiliaries from group c7), their proportions are optionally equivalent to about 0 to 5.0% by weight, based on the total weight of the polymerizable LC medium. Since the amount and type of the additive are determined by the nature of the substrate and the nature of the printing / coating composition in each case, these concentration data are merely guidelines. The corresponding technical information is usually available from the manufacturer of such additives in this case, or can be determined by a person skilled in the art in a simple manner through corresponding preliminary experiments. 【0298】 Examples of auxiliaries for improving the scratch resistance of group c8) include the above products TEGO (registered trademark) Rad2100, TEGO (registered trademark) Rad2200, TEGO (registered trademark) Rad2500, TEGO (registered trademark) Rad2600 and TEGO (registered trademark) Rad2700 available from Tego. 【0299】 For these auxiliaries, the quantity data given for group c3) are equally suitable, i.e., these additives are optionally used in a proportion of about 0 to 5.0% by weight, preferably about 0 to 3.0% by weight, based on the total weight of the liquid crystal composition. 【0300】 Examples that may be mentioned for light, heat and / or oxidation stabilizers are as follows: Alkylated monophenols, such as 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol, 2-tert-butyl-4,6-dimethylphenol, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-ethylphenol, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-n-butylphenol, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-isobutylphenol, 2,6-dicyclopentyl-4-methylphenol, 2-(α-methylcyclohexyl)-4,6-dimethylphenol, 2,6-dioctadecyl-4-methylphenol, 2,4,6-tricyclohexylphenol, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methoxymethylphenol, nonylphenols having linear or branched side chains, such as 2,6-dinonyl-4-methylphenol, 2,4-dimethyl-6-(1'-methylundec-1'-yl)phenol, 2,4-dimethyl-6-(1'-methylheptadec-1'-yl)phenol, 2,4-dimethyl-6-(1'-methyltridec-1'-yl)phenol and mixtures of these compounds, alkylthiomethylphenols, such as 2,4-dioctylthiomethyl-6-tert-butylphenol, 2,4-dioctylthiomethyl-6-methylphenol, 2,4-dioctylthiomethyl-6-ethylphenol and 2,6-didodecylthiomethyl-4-nonylphenol, 【0301】 Hydroquinone and alkylated hydroquinones, such as 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methoxyphenol, 2,5-di-tert-butylhydroquinone, 2,5-di-tert-amylhydroquinone, 2,6-diphenyl-4-octadecyloxyphenol, 2,6-di-tert-butylhydroquinone, 2,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole, 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole, 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl stearate and bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) adipate, 【0302】 Tocopherols, such as α-tocopherol, β-tocopherol, γ-tocopherol, δ-tocopherol and mixtures of these compounds, and tocopherol derivatives, such as tocopheryl acetate, succinate, nicotinate and polyoxyethylene succinate ("tocol solarate"), 【0303】 Hydroxylated diphenyl thioethers, such as 2,2'-thiobis(6-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol), 2,2'-thiobis(4-octylphenol), 4,4'-thiobis(6-tert-butyl-3-methylphenol), 4,4'-thiobis(6-tert-butyl-2-methylphenol), 4,4'-thiobis(3,6-di-sec-amylphenol) and 4,4'-bis(2,6-dimethyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) disulfide, 【0304】 Alkylidene bisphenols, such as 2,2'-methylenebis(6-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol), 2,2'-methylenebis(6-tert-butyl-4-ethylphenol), 2,2'-methylenebis[4-methyl-6-(α-methylcyclohexyl)phenol], 2,2'-methylenebis(4-methyl-6-cyclohexylphenol), 2,2'-methylenebis(6-nonyl-4-methylphenol), 2,2'-methylenebis(4,6-di-tert-butylphenol), 2,2-ethylidenebis(4,6-di-tert-butylphenol), 2,2'-ethylidenebis(6-tert-butyl-4-isobutylphenol), 2,2'-methylenebis[6-(α-methylbenzyl)-4-nonylphenol], 2,2'-methylenebis[6-(α,α-dimethylbenzyl)-4-nonylphenol], 4,4'-methylenebis(2,6-di-tert-butylphenol), 4,4'-methylenebis(6-tert-butyl-2-methylphenol), 1,1-bis(5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-2-methylphenyl)butane, 2,6-bis(3-tert-butyl-5-methyl-2-hydroxybenzyl)-4-methylphenol, 1,1,3-tris(5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-2-methylphenyl)butane, 1,1-bis(5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-2-methylphenyl)-3-n-dodecyl-mercaptobutane, ethylene glycol bis[3,3-bis(3'-tert-butyl-4'-hydroxyphenyl)butyrate], bis(3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)dicyclopentadiene, bis[2-(3'-tert-butyl-2'-hydroxy-5'-methylbenzyl)-6-tert-butyl-4-methylphenyl]terephthalate, 1,1-bis(3,5-dimethyl-2-hydroxyphenyl)butane, 2,2-bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propane, 2,2-bis(5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-2-methylphenyl)-4-n-dodecyl-mercaptobutane and 1,1,5,5-tetrakis(5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-2-methylphenyl)pentane, 【0305】 O-, N- and S-benzyl compounds, such as 3,5,3’,5’-tetra-tert-butyl-4,4’-dihydroxydibenzyl ether, octadecyl 4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethylbenzyl mercaptoacetate, tridecyl 4-hydroxy-3,5-di-tert-butylbenzyl mercaptoacetate, tris(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)amine, bis(4-tert-butyl-3-hydroxy-2,6-dimethylbenzyl) dithiophthalate, bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl) sulfide and isooctyl 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl mercaptoacetate, 【0306】 Aromatic hydroxybenzyl compounds, such as 1,3,5-tris(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)-2,4,6-trimethylbenzene, 1,4-bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)-2,3,5,6-tetramethyl-benzene and 2,4,6-tris(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)phenol, 【0307】 Triazine compounds, such as 2,4-bis(octylmercapto)-6-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanilino)-1,3,5-triazine, 2-octylmercapto-4,6-bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanilino)-1,3,5-triazine, 2-octylmercapto-4,6-bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenoxy)-1,3,5-triazine, 2,4,6-tris(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenoxy)-1,2,3-triazine, 1,3,5-tris(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)isocyanurate, 1,3,5-tris(4-tert-butyl-3-hydroxy-2,6-dimethylbenzyl)isocyanurate, 2,4,6-tris(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenylethyl)-1,3,5-triazine, 1,3,5-tris-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenylpropionyl)hexahydro-1,3,5-triazine, 1,3,5-tris(3,5-dicyclohexyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)isocyanurate and 1,3,5-tris(2-hydroxyethyl)isocyanurate, 【0308】 Benzyl phosphonates, such as dimethyl 2,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzylphosphonate, diethyl 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzylphosphonate, dioctadecyl 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzylphosphonate and dioctadecyl 5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-3-methylbenzylphosphonate, 【0309】 Acylaminophenols, such as 4-hydroxylauroylanilide, 4-hydroxystearoylanilide and octyl N-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)carbamate, 【0310】 Propionic acid and acetic acid esters, for example, of monohydric or polyhydric alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, n-octanol, i-octanol, octadecanol, 1,6-hexanediol, 1,9-nonanediol, ethylene glycol, 1,2-propanediol, neopentyl glycol, thiodiethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, pentaerythritol, tris(hydroxyethyl)isocyanurate, N,N'-bis(hydroxyethyl)oxalamide, 3-thiaundecanol, 3-thiapentadecanol, trimethylhexanediol, trimethylolpropane and propionic acid and acetic acid esters of 4-hydroxymethyl-1-phospha-2,6,7-trioxabicyclo[2.2.2]-octane, 【0311】 Propionamides based on amine derivatives, for example, N,N'-bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenylpropionyl)hexamethylenediamine, N,N'-bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenylpropionyl)trimethylenediamine and N,N'-bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenylpropionyl)hydrazine, 【0312】 Ascorbic acid (vitamin C) and ascorbic acid derivatives, for example, ascorbyl palmitate, laurate and stearate, and ascorbyl sulfate and phosphate, 【0313】 Antioxidants based on amine compounds, such as N,N'-diisopropyl-p-phenylenediamine, N,N'-di-sec-butyl-p-phenylenediamine, N,N'-bis(1,4-dimethylpentyl)-p-phenylenediamine, N,N'-bis(1-ethyl-3-methylpentyl)-p-phenylenediamine, N,N'-bis(1-methylheptyl)-p-phenylenediamine, N,N'-dicyclohexyl-p-phenylenediamine, N,N'-diphenyl-p-phenylenediamine, N,N'-bis(2-naphthyl)-p-phenylenediamine, N-isopropyl-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine, N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine, N-(1-methylheptyl)-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine, N-cyclohexyl-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine, 4-(p-toluenesulfamoyl)diphenylamine, N,N'-dimethyl-N,N'-di-sec-butyl-p-phenylenediamine, diphenylamine, N-allyldiphenylamine, 4-isopropoxydiphenylamine, N-phenyl-1-naphthylamine, N-(4-tert-octylphenyl)-1-naphthylamine, N-phenyl-2-naphthylamine, octyl-substituted diphenylamine, such as p,p'-di-tert-octyldiphenylamine, 4-n-butylaminophenol, 4-butyrylaminophenol, 4-nonanoylaminophenol, 4-dodecanoylaminophenol, 4-octadecanoylaminophenol, bis[4-methoxyphenyl)amine, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-dimethylaminomethylphenol, 2,4-diaminodiphenylmethane, 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane, N,N,N',N'-tetramethyl-4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane, 1,2-bis[(2-methylphenyl)amino]ethane, 1,2-bis(phenylamino)propane, (o-tolyl)biguanide, bis[4-(1',3'-dimethylbutyl)phenyl]amine, tert-octyl-substituted N-phenyl-1-naphthylamine, a mixture of monoalkylated and dialkylated tert-butyl / tert-octyldiphenylamine, a mixture of monoalkylated and dialkylated nonyldiphenylamine, a mixture of monoalkylated and dialkylated dodecyldiphenylamine, a mixture of monoalkylated and dialkylated isopropyl / isohexyldiphenylamine, a mixture of monoalkylated and dialkylated tert-butyldiphenylamine, 2,3-dihydro-3,3-dimethyl-4H-1,4-benzothiazine, phenothiazine, a mixture of monoalkylated and dialkylated tert-butyl / tert-octylphenothiazine, a mixture of monoalkylated and dialkylated tert-octylphenothiazine, N-allylphenothiazine, N,N,N',N'-tetraphenyl-1,4-diaminobuta-2-ene, N,N-bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)hexamethylenediamine, bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)sebacate, 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-one and 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-ol, 【0314】 Phosphines, phosphites and phosphonites, such as triphenylphosphine, triphenylphosphite, diphenylalkylphosphite, phenyldialkylphosphite, tris(nonylphenyl)phosphite, trilaurylphosphite, trioctadecylphosphite, distearylpentaerythritol diphosphite, tris(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl)phosphite, diisodecylpentaerythritol diphosphite, bis(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl)pentaerythritol diphosphite, bis(2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenyl)pentaerythritol diphosphite, diisodecyloxypentaerythritol diphosphite, bis(2,4-di-tert-butyl-6-methylphenyl)pentaerythritol diphosphite, bis(2,4,6-tris(tert-butylphenyl))pentaerythritol diphosphite, tristearyl sorbitol triphosphite, tetrakis(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl) 4,4'-biphenylenediphosphonite, 6-isooctyloxy-2,4,8,10-tetra-tert-butyl-12H-dibenzo[d,g]-1,3,2-dioxaphosphocin, 6-fluoro-2,4,8,10-tetra-tert-butyl-12-methyl-dibenzo[d,g]-1,3,2-dioxaphosphocin, bis(2,4-di-tert-butyl-6-methylphenyl)methylphosphite and bis(2,4-di-tert-butyl-6-methylphenyl)ethylphosphite, 【0315】 2-(2'-Hydroxyphenyl)benzotriazoles, such as 2-(2'-hydroxy-5'-methylphenyl)benzotriazole, 2-(3',5'-di-tert-butyl-2'-hydroxyphenyl)benzotriazole, 2-(5'-tert-butyl-2'-hydroxyphenyl)benzotriazole, 2-(2'-hydroxy-5'-(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)phenyl)benzotriazole, 2-(3',5'-di-tert-butyl-2'-hydroxyphenyl)-5-chlorobenzotriazole, 2-(3'-tert-butyl-2'-hydroxy-5'-methylphenyl)-5-chlorobenzotriazole, 2-(3'-sec-butyl-5'-tert-butyl-2'-hydroxyphenyl)benzotriazole, 2-(2'-hydroxy-4'-octyloxyphenyl)benzotriazole, 2-(3',5'-di-tert-amyl-2'-hydroxyphenyl)benzotriazole, 2-(3,5'-bis-(α,α-dimethylbenzyl)-2'-hydroxyphenyl)benzotriazole, a mixture of 2-(3'-tert-butyl-2'-hydroxy-5'-(2-octyloxycarbonylethyl)phenyl)-5-chlorobenzotriazole, 2-(3'-tert-butyl-5'-[2-(2-ethylhexyloxy)carbonylethyl]-2'-hydroxyphenyl)-5-chlorobenzotriazole, 2-(3'-tert-butyl-2'-hydroxy-5'-(2-methoxycarbonylethyl)phenyl)-5-chlorobenzotriazole, 2-(3'-tert-butyl-2'-hydroxy-5'-(2-methoxycarbonylethyl)phenyl)benzotriazole, 2-(3'-tert-butyl-2'-hydroxy-5'-(2-octyloxycarbonylethyl)phenyl)benzotriazole, 2-(3'-tert-butyl-5'-[2-(2-ethylhexyloxy)carbonylethyl]-2'-hydroxyphenyl)benzotriazole, 2-(3'-dodecyl-2'-hydroxy-5'-methylphenyl)benzotriazole and 2-(3'-tert-butyl-2'-hydroxy-5'-(2-isooctyloxycarbonylethyl)phenylbenzotriazole, 2,2'-methylenebis[4-(1,1,3,3-(Tetramethylbutyl)-6-benzotriazol-2-ylphenol]; Product of the complete esterification of 2-[3'-tert-butyl-5'-(2-methoxycarbonylethyl)-2'-hydroxyphenyl]-2H-benzotriazole with polyethylene glycol 300, 【0316】 Sulfur-containing peroxide scavengers and sulfur-containing antioxidants, such as esters of 3,3'-thiodipropionic acid, such as lauryl, stearyl, myristyl and tridecyl esters, mercaptobenzimidazole, and 2-mercaptobenzimidazole, dibutyl zinc dithiocarbamate, dioctadecyl disulfide and zinc salt of pentaerythritol tetrakis(β-dodecylmercapto)propionate, 【0317】 2-Hydroxybenzophenones, such as 4-hydroxy, 4-methoxy, 4-octyloxy, 4-decyloxy, 4-dodecyloxy, 4-benzyloxy, 4,2',4'-trihydroxy, 2'-hydroxy-4,4'-dimethoxy derivatives, 【0318】 Esters of unsubstituted and substituted benzoic acids, such as 4-tert-butylphenyl salicylate, phenyl salicylate, octylphenyl salicylate, dibenzoyl resorcinol, bis(4-tert-butylbenzoyl) resorcinol, benzoyl resorcinol, 2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzoate, hexadecyl 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzoate, octadecyl 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzoate and 2-methyl-4,6-di-tert-butylphenyl-3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzoate, 【0319】 Acrylates, for example, ethyl α-cyano-β,β-diphenylacrylate, isooctyl α-cyano-β,β-diphenylacrylate, methyl α-methoxycarbonylcinnamate, methyl α-cyano-β-methyl-p-methoxycinnamate, butyl-α- Cyano-β-methyl-p-methoxycinnamate and methyl-α-methoxycarbonyl-p-methoxycinnamate, hindered amines such as bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl) sebacate, bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl) succinate, bis(1,2,2,6,6-pentamethylpiperidin-4-yl) sebacate, bis(1-octyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl) sebacate, bis(1,2,2,6,6-pentamethylpiperidin-4-yl)-n-butyl-3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl malonate, the condensation product of 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-hydroxypiperidine and succinic acid, the condensation product of N,N'-bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)hexamethylenediamine and 4-tert-octylamino-2,6-dichloro-1,3,5-triazine, tris(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl) nitrilotriacetate, tetrakis(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl) 1,2,3,4-butanetetracarboxylate, 1,1'-(1,2-ethylene)bis(3,3,5,5-tetramethylpiperazinone), 4-benzoyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine, 4-stearyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine, bis(1,2,2,6,6-pentamethylpiperidin-4-yl) 2-n-butyl-2-(2-hydroxy-3,5-di-tert-butylbenzyl) malonate, 3-n-octyl-7,7,9,9-tetramethyl-1,3,8-triazaspiro[4.5] Decane-2,4-dione, bis(1-octyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl) sebacate, bis(1-octyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl) succinate, condensation product of N,N'-bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)hexamethylenediamine and 4-morpholino-2,6-dichloro-1,3,5-triazine, condensation product of 2-chloro-4,6-bis(4-n-butylamino-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)-1,3,5-triazine and 1,2-bis(3-aminopropylamino)ethane, condensation product of 2-chloro-4,6-di(4-n-butylamino-1,2,2,6,6-pentamethylpiperidin-4-yl)-1,3,5-triazine and 1,2-bis(3-aminopropylamino)ethane, 8-acetyl-3-dodecyl-7,7,9,9-tetramethyl-1,3,8-triazaspiro[4.5]-decane-2,4-dione, 3-dodecyl-1-(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)pyrrolidine-2,5-dione, 3-dodecyl-1-(1,2,2,6,6-pentamethylpiperidin-4-yl)pyrrolidine-2,5-dione, mixture of 4-hexadecyloxy- and 4-stearyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine, condensation product of N,N'-bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)hexamethylenediamine and 4-cyclohexylamino-2,6-dichloro-1,3,5-triazine, condensation product of 1,2-bis(3-aminopropylamino)ethane and 2,4,6-trichloro-1,3,5-triazine, 4-butylamino-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine, N-(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)-n-dodecylsuccinimide, N-(1,2,2,6,6-pentamethylpiperidin-4-yl)-n-dodecylsuccinimide, 2-undecyl-7,7,9,9-tetramethyl-1-oxa-3,8-diaza-4-oxospiro[4.5]-decane, 7,7,9,9-tetramethyl-2-cycloundecyl-1-oxa-3,8-diaza-4-oxospiro-[4.5] The condensation product of decane and epichlorohydrin, the condensation product of 4-amino-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine with tetramethylolacetylene diurea and poly(methoxypropyl-3-oxy)-[4(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl)piperidinyl]-siloxane, 【0320】 Oxalamide, for example, 4,4'-dioctyloxyoxanilide, 2,2'-diethoxyoxanilide, 2,2'-dioctyloxy-5,5'-di-tert-butoxyoxanilide, 2,2'-didodecyloxy-5,5'-di-tert-butoxyoxanilide, 2-ethoxy-2'-ethyloxanilide, N,N'-bis(3-dimethylaminopropyl)oxalamide, 2-ethoxy-5-tert-butyl-2'-ethoxyoxanilide and 2-ethoxy-2'-ethyl-5,4'-di-tert-butoxyoxanilide and mixtures thereof, and mixtures of ortho-, para-methoxy-disubstituted oxanilides, and mixtures of ortho- and para-ethoxy-disubstituted oxanilides, and 【0321】 2-(2-Hydroxyphenyl)-1,3,5-triazine, such as 2,4,6-tris-(2-hydroxy-4-octyloxyphenyl)-1,3,5-triazine, 2-(2-hydroxy-4-octyloxyphenyl)-4,6-bis(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-1,3,5-triazine, 2-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-4,6-bis(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-1,3,5-triazine, 2,4-bis(2-hydroxy-4-propyloxyphenyl)-6-(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-1,3,5-triazine, 2-(2-hydroxy-4-octyloxyphenyl)-4,6-bis(4-methylphenyl)-1,3,5-triazine, 2-(2-hydroxy-4-dodecyloxyphenyl)-4,6-bis(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-1,3,5-triazine, 2-(2-hydroxy-4-tridecyloxyphenyl)-4,6-bis(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-1,3,5-triazine, 2-[2-hydroxy-4-(2-hydroxy-3-butyloxypropoxy)phenyl]-4,6-bis(2,4-dimethyl)-1,3,5-triazine, 2-[2-hydroxy-4-(2-hydroxy-3-octyloxypropoxy)phenyl]-4,6-bis(2,4-dimethyl)-1,3,5-triazine, 2-[4-(dodecyloxy / tridecyloxy-2-hydroxypropoxy)-2-hydroxyphenyl]-4,6-bis(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-1,3,5-triazine, 2-[2-hydroxy-4-(2-hydroxy-3-dodecyloxypropoxy)phenyl]-4,6-bis-(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-1,3,5-triazine, 2-(2-hydroxy-4-hexyloxyphenyl)-4,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-triazine, 2-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-4,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-triazine, 2,4,6-tris[2-hydroxy-4-(3-butoxy-2-hydroxypropoxy)phenyl]-1,3,5-triazine and 2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-4-(4-methoxyphenyl)-6-phenyl-1,3,5-triazine. 【0322】 In another preferred embodiment, the polymerizable LC medium preferably contains one or more specific antioxidants selected from the Irganox® series, for example, the antioxidants Irganox® 1076 and Irganox® 1010 commercially available from Ciba, Switzerland. 【0323】 In another preferred embodiment, the polymerizable LC medium contains one or more, more preferably two or more photoinitiators, for example, selected from the commercially available Irgacure® or Darocure® (Ciba) series, and in particular, selected from Irgacure 127, Irgacure 184, Irgacure 369, Irgacure 651, Irgacure 817, Irgacure 907, Irgacure 1300, Irgacure, Irgacure 2022, Irgacure 2100, Irgacure 2959 or Darcure TPO. In particular, the polymerizable LC medium preferably contains one or more oxime ester photoinitiators preferably selected from commercially available OXE02 (Ciba), NCI930, N1919T (Adeka), SPI-03 or SPI-04 (Samyang). 【0324】 The concentration of the polymerization initiator(s) (one or more types) as a whole in the polymerizable LC medium is preferably 0.5 to 10%, very preferably 0.8 to 8%, and more preferably 1 to 6%. 【0325】 Preferably, the polymerizable LC medium contains a predetermined ratio between the concentration of the photoinitiator and the concentration of all chiral compounds, and this ratio is within the range of 1:1 to 1:5, more preferably within the range of 1:1 to 1:4, and even more preferably within the range of 1:1 to 1:3. 【0326】 In a preferred embodiment, the polymerizable LC medium is preferably dissolved in a suitable solvent selected from organic solvents. 【0327】 The solvent is preferably a ketone such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl propyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone or cyclohexanone; an acetate such as methyl, ethyl or butyl acetate or methyl acetoacetate; an alcohol such as methanol, ethanol or isopropyl alcohol; an aromatic solvent such as toluene or xylene; an alicyclic hydrocarbon such as cyclopentane or cyclohexane; a halogenated hydrocarbon such as dichloromethane or trichloromethane; a glycol or its ester such as PGMEA (propyl glycol monomethyl ether acetate), γ-butyrolactone. It is also possible to use a binary, ternary or higher mixture of the above solvents. 【0328】 When the polymerizable LC medium contains one or more solvents, the total concentration of the solid content including RM in the solvent (one or more types) is preferably 10 to 60%. 【0329】 Preferably, the polymerizable LC medium a) one or more di-reactive or multi-reactive polymerizable mesogenic compounds, b) optionally preferably one or more mono-reactive polymerizable mesogenic compounds selected from compounds of formula MRM1, MRM7, MRM9 and / or MRM10 and their corresponding sub-formulas, c) preferably one or more chiral mesogenic compounds in the (S) configuration selected from compounds of formula CRMa, CRMb or CRMc, more preferably compounds of formula CRMaa and its sub-formulas, d) preferably one or more photo-reactive chiral mesogenic compounds in the (R) configuration selected from compounds of formula I, very preferably from formula Ia, e) optionally one or more antioxidant additives, f) optionally one or more adhesion promoters, g) optionally one or more surfactants, h) optionally one or more mono-reactive, di-reactive or multi-reactive polymerizable non-mesogenic compounds, i) optionally one or more dyes showing an absorption maximum at a wavelength used to initiate photopolymerization, j) Optionally, one or more chain transfer agents, k) Optionally, one or more additional stabilizers, l) Optionally, one or more lubricants and flow aids, and m) Optionally, one or more diluents, n) Optionally, a non-polymerizable nematic component, o) Optionally, one or more organic solvents are included. 【0330】 Alternatively, the polymerizable LC medium is a) One or more di- or poly-reactive polymerizable mesogenic compounds, b) Optionally, preferably one or more mono-reactive polymerizable mesogenic compounds selected from compounds of the formulas MRM1, MRM7, MRM9 and / or MRM10 and their corresponding sub-formulas, c) Preferably, one or more chiral mesogenic compounds in the (R) configuration selected from compounds of the formulas CRMa, CRMb or CRMc, more preferably of the formula CRMaa and its sub-formulas, d) Preferably, one or more photo-reactive chiral mesogenic compounds in the (S) configuration selected from compounds of the formula I, very preferably of the formula Ia, e) Optionally, one or more antioxidant additives, f) Optionally, one or more adhesion promoters, g) Optionally, one or more surfactants, h) Optionally, one or more mono-reactive, di- or poly-reactive polymerizable non-mesogenic compounds, i) Optionally, one or more dyes showing an absorption maximum at a wavelength used to initiate photopolymerization, j) Optionally, one or more chain transfer agents, k) Optionally, one or more additional stabilizers, l) Optionally, one or more lubricants and flow aids, and m) Optionally, one or more diluents, n) Optionally, a non-polymerizable nematic component, o) Optionally, one or more organic solvents are included. 【0331】 The polymerizable LC medium according to the invention is prepared, for example, by mixing one or more of the above-described photoreactive chiral compounds with one or more of the di-reactive LC compounds and one or more chiral compounds as defined above and optionally further additives, and is itself prepared by conventional methods. 【0332】 The invention further relates to a method for preparing a polymer film, · providing a layer of the polymerizable LC medium as described above and below on a substrate, optionally provided with an alignment layer capable of inducing planar alignment with respect to an adjacent layer of the polymerizable LC medium, · a first step of irradiating the layer stack with actinic radiation, preferably UV radiation, in air (the first UV step), and · a second step of irradiating the layer stack with actinic radiation, preferably UV radiation, in an inert gas atmosphere (the second UV step). The invention relates to a method which comprises or preferably consists of the above steps. 【0333】 The invention further relates to a polymer film obtainable by this method. 【0334】 More preferably, the method for preparing the polymer film according to the invention comprises the following steps: · providing a layer or a solution of the polymerizable LC medium as described above and below on a substrate, for example by spin coating or printing (the substrate preferably comprises an alignment layer inducing planar alignment, for example a rubbed polyimide layer or a photoalignment layer), and removing any solvent present, · exposing the layer of the polymerizable LC medium to UV light (the UV light causes photo-isomerization of the chiral compound containing a photo-isomerizable group and provides a chiral structure with a biased helical pitch), preferably to non-polarized UV light, very preferably to non-polarized UVA light, for example at a dose of 40 - 500 mJ / cm 2 preferably in an air environment at ambient temperature ("the first UV step"), · exposing the layer of the polymerizable LC medium to UV light (the UV light causes photopolymerization of the polymerizable mesogenic compound), preferably to non-polarized UV light, very preferably to non-polarized UVA light, for example at a dose of 200 - 2000 mJ / cm 2It is preferably exposed at ambient temperature in an inert gas atmosphere, for example nitrogen, at a dose of (the "second UV step"). 【0335】 Preferably, in the method according to the invention, all irradiation or UV exposure steps are carried out at room temperature, and the layer of the polymerizable LC medium is not subjected to heat treatment during or between the irradiation or UV exposure steps. 【0336】 The first irradiation or the first UV step causes the photoisomerization of a chiral compound containing a photo-isomerizable group, providing a chiral structure with a biased helical pitch. The second irradiation or the second UV step causes the photopolymerization of a polymerizable mesogenic compound, thereby fixing the chiral structure. 【0337】 This polymerizable LC medium can be applied or printed on a substrate by known techniques such as spin coating or printing, and the solvent is evaporated before polymerization. In many cases, it is suitable to heat the coated solution to promote the evaporation of the solvent. 【0338】 The polymerizable LC medium can be applied onto a substrate by conventional coating techniques such as spin coating or blade coating. It can also be applied to the substrate by conventional printing techniques known to experts, such as screen printing, offset printing, reel-to-reel printing, letterpress printing, gravure printing, rotogravure printing, flexographic printing, intaglio printing, pad printing, heat seal printing, inkjet printing, printing by stamp or printing plate. 【0339】 Suitable substrate media and substrates are known to experts and described in the literature as conventional substrates used in the optical film industry, such as glass or plastic. Preferred substrates particularly suitable for polymerization are polyesters such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET) or polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polycarbonate (PC), triacetyl cellulose (TAC), or cyclo olefin polymer (COP), or commonly known color filter materials, preferably triacetyl cellulose (TAC), cyclo olefin polymer (COP) or commonly known color filter materials. 【0340】 The Friedel-Creagh-Kmetz rule can be used to predict whether the mixture will take a planar or homeotropic orientation by comparing the surface energies of the RM layer (γ RM ) and the substrate (γ s ). 【0341】 γ RM >γ s In the case of, the reactive mesogen compound shows a homeotropic orientation, and γ RM <γ s In the case of, the reactive mesogen compound shows a homogeneous orientation. 【0342】 Without being bound by theory, when the surface energy of the substrate is relatively low, the intermolecular forces between the reactive mesogens become stronger than the forces across the RM-substrate interface, and as a result, the reactive mesogens align perpendicular to the substrate (homeotropic orientation) in order to maximize the intermolecular forces. Therefore, an additional alignment layer is required to induce a planar orientation with respect to the adjacent polymerizable LC medium. 【0343】 When the surface tension of the substrate is greater than that of the reference substance, the force across the interface becomes dominant. If the reactive mesogens are aligned parallel to the substrate, the interfacial energy is minimized and the long axis of the reference substance can interact with the substrate. There is a method of promoting parallel alignment by coating the substrate with a polyimide layer and rubbing it with a velvet cloth. 【0344】 Other suitable planar alignment layers are known in the art, such as alignment layers prepared by rubbing polyimide or photoalignment, as described, for example, in U.S. Patent No. 5,602,661, U.S. Patent No. 5,389,698, or U.S. Patent No. 6,717,644. 【0345】 A general overview of alignment techniques is given, for example, in "Thermotropic Liquid Crystals" edited by G.W. Gray, John Wiley & Sons, 1987, pages 75 - 77, by I. Sage, and in "Liquid Crystals - Applications and Uses Vol.3" edited by B. Bahadur, World Scientific Publishing, Singapore 1992, pages 1 - 63, by T. Uchida and H. Seki. An overview of alignment materials and techniques is given in Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. Vol. 78, Supplement 1 (1981), pages 1 - 77, by J. Cognard. 【0346】 In a preferred embodiment, the method according to the invention comprises a process step (hereinafter referred to as "annealing") of leaving the polymerizable LC medium for a certain period of time in order to redistribute the polymerizable LC medium uniformly on the substrate. 【0347】 In a preferred embodiment, after the polymerizable LC medium is provided on the substrate, the layer stack is annealed for between 10 seconds and 1 hour, preferably between 20 seconds and 10 minutes, and most preferably between 30 seconds and 2 minutes. The annealing is preferably carried out at room temperature. 【0348】 The coincidence LC medium preferably consists of a compound that spontaneously aligns when deposited on a substrate as a mixture. Therefore, preferably the LC medium does not undergo a heat treatment to align the mesogen or liquid crystal compound before UV exposure. 【0349】 Optionally, after annealing at a high temperature, the layer stack can be cooled to room temperature. The cooling can be performed actively using a cooling aid or passively by simply leaving the layer stack for a given time. 【0350】 In a preferred embodiment, in the first UV step, the polymerizable LC medium is exposed to actinic radiation as described, for example, in WO 01 / 20394, GB 2,315,072 or WO 98 / 04651. 【0351】 Actinic radiation means irradiation with light such as UV light, IR light or visible light, irradiation with X-rays and gamma rays or irradiation with high-energy particles such as ions or electrons. Preferably the first UV step is performed with light irradiation, in particular UV light, especially UVA light. 【0352】 As a source for actinic radiation, for example, a single UV lamp or a set of UV lamps can be used. Using a high-power lamp can shorten the curing time. Another possible source for light radiation is a laser such as a UV laser, an IR laser or a visible laser. 【0353】 The curing time depends inter alia on the reactivity of the photo-reactive compound, the thickness of the coating layer and the intensity and the selected wavelength of the UV lamp. The curing time is preferably 5 minutes or less, very preferably 3 minutes or less, most preferably 1 minute or less. For mass production, a short curing time of 30 seconds or less is preferred. 【0354】 The appropriate UV radiation output in the first UV step is preferably in the range of 5 - 300 mW / cm -2 more preferably in the range of 50 - 250 mW / cm -2 most preferably in the range of 100 - 180 mW / cm-2 is within the range of. 【0355】 As a function of time in relation to the applied UV radiation, the appropriate amount of UV is preferably 20 - 1000 mJ / cm -2 within the range of, more preferably 30 - 800 mJ / cm -2 within the range of, very preferably 40 - 500 mJ / cm -2 within the range of, most preferably 40 - 200 mJ / cm -2 is within the range of. 【0356】 The first irradiation step or the first UV step is preferably carried out in air. 【0357】 The first irradiation step or the first UV step is preferably carried out at room temperature. 【0358】 Photopolymerization in the second irradiation of the polymerizable LC medium is preferably achieved by exposure to actinic radiation. Actinic radiation means irradiation by light such as ultraviolet rays, infrared rays, visible light, irradiation by X - rays or gamma rays, or irradiation by high - energy particles such as ions or electrons. Preferably, the polymerization is carried out by light irradiation, particularly irradiation by UV light. As a light source for actinic radiation, for example, a single UV lamp or a set of UV lamps can be used. When using a high lamp power, the curing time can be shortened. Another possible light source for light radiation is a laser such as a UV laser, an IR laser or a visible laser. 【0359】 The curing time for photopolymerization depends particularly on the reactivity of the polymerizable LC medium, the thickness of the coating layer, the type of polymerization initiator and the output of the UV lamp. The curing time is preferably 5 minutes or less, very preferably 3 minutes or less, and most preferably 1 minute or less. For mass production, a short curing time of 30 seconds or less is preferred. 【0360】 The suitable UV radiation power for photopolymerization is preferably 100 - 1000 mW / cm -2 within the range of, more preferably 200 - 800 mW / cm -2within the range, most preferably 300 to 600 mW / cm -2 within the range. 【0361】 As a function of time related to the UV radiation applied, a suitable UV dose is preferably 25 to 16500 mJ / cm -2 within the range, more preferably 50 to 7200 mJ / cm -2 within the range, very preferably 100 to 3500 mJ / cm -2 within the range, most preferably 200 to 2000 mJ / cm -2 within the range. 【0362】 Photopolymerization (the second irradiation step or the second UV step) is preferably carried out under an inert gas atmosphere, preferably under a nitrogen atmosphere. 【0363】 Photopolymerization (the second irradiation step or the second UV step) is preferably carried out at room temperature. 【0364】 The preferred thickness of the polymerized LC film according to the present invention is determined by the optical properties required for the film or the final product. 【0365】 For optical applications of the polymer film, it preferably has a thickness of 0.5 to 10 μm, very preferably 0.5 to 5 μm, particularly 0.5 to 3 μm. 【0366】 After photopolymerization, the obtained polymer film can be removed from the substrate and combined with other substrates or optical films by a lamination process known to those skilled in the art. Suitable substrates and optical films are given above, particularly polarizers, particularly linear polarizers. 【0367】 Without being bound by theory, the inventors of the present application believe that oxygen present in the air during the first UV step inhibits free radical polymerization. This effect is advantageous for gradiently polymerizing the film partially in the depth of the film. The uppermost part of the film exposed to oxygen has a slow polymerization rate. The lower part of the film at the substrate interface is less hindered by oxygen, so polymerization occurs more easily. 【0368】 Since there is at least one type of photoreactive chiral compound, photoisomerization occurs during the first UV process, and when exposed to UV light, the helical twist power (HTP) of the photoreactive chiral compound is reduced. The change in the chiral structure is physically resisted in regions with a high polymer density. Since the polymer density is low at the top or surface of the film, the chiral structure can be changed more freely. However, since the polymer density is high in the lower part of the film adjacent to the substrate where more photopolymerization occurs, the change in the chiral structure is hindered. As a result, a chiral pitch gradient exists within the film. Therefore, after performing the above method, the polymerized LC medium exhibits an accelerated chiral rotation in the main plane of the polymer film or in the direction of the film thickness. Preferably, the polymerized LC medium exhibits a biased pitch such that the chiral rotation angle gradually increases or decreases through the thickness of the film. 【0369】 In the polymer film according to the present invention, preferably, the minimum twist angle is 0°. The maximum twist angle is more preferably in the range of 70 to 150°, very preferably in the range of 80 to 120°, and most preferably in the range of 90 to 110°. The twist angle changes in the thickness direction of the film, preferably from 0° to 150°, very preferably from 0° to 120°, and most preferably from 0° to 100°. A lower twist value is preferably on the side adjacent to the substrate on which the polymer film is prepared. The average twist angle in the polymer film is preferably in the range of 10 to 40°, very preferably in the range of 15 to 35°, and most preferably in the range of 20 to 30°. 【0370】 Preferably, the polymer film according to the present invention has negative optical dispersion. The polymer film according to the present invention preferably has an optical retardation in the range of 110 nm to 170 nm, very preferably 130 nm to 150 nm, at 550 nm, and in the range of 90 nm to 140 nm, very preferably 110 nm to 120 nm, at 450 nm. 【0371】 In short, the polymerized LC film and the polymerizable LC medium according to the present invention are useful for optical components or elements. 【0372】 The polymerized LC film and the polymerizable LC medium according to the present invention can be used in transmissive or reflective displays, and they can be used particularly in conventional OLED displays or LCDs, especially OLED displays. 【0373】 The present invention is described above and below with particular reference to preferred embodiments. It should be understood that various changes and modifications can be made thereto without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. 【0374】 Many of the compounds or their mixtures described above and below are commercially available. All of these compounds are either known or can be prepared by methods known per se described in the literature (for example, standard works such as Houben-Weyl, Methoden der Organischen Chemie [Methods of Organic Chemistry], Georg-Thieme-Verlag, Stuttgart, etc.) under reaction conditions that are precisely known and suitable for the said reaction. Also, modifications that are known per se but not mentioned here can be used. 【0375】 It will be understood that modifications falling within the scope of the present invention are possible for the foregoing embodiments of the present invention. Alternative features that serve the same, equivalent, or similar purposes can replace each feature disclosed herein, unless otherwise specified. Therefore, unless otherwise specified, each disclosed feature is only an example of a general series of equivalent or similar features. 【0376】 All features disclosed in this specification, except in combinations where at least some of such features and / or steps are mutually exclusive, can be combined in any combination. In particular, the preferred features of the present invention are applicable to all aspects of the present invention and can be used in any combination. Similarly, features described in non-essential combinations may be used separately (without combination). 【0377】 It will be understood that many of the features described above, particularly those of the preferred embodiments, are inventive not only as part of embodiments of the present invention, but also in themselves. For these features, independent protection can be sought in addition to or instead of the currently claimed invention. 【0378】 Next, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to the following examples, which are illustrative and do not limit the scope of the present invention. 【Example】 【0379】 <Example 1> According to the following table, the mixture RMM1 is prepared. 【0380】 【Table 1】 【0381】 Irganox® 1076 is a stabilizer and is commercially available (Ciba, Basel, Switzerland). NCI® - 930 is a photoinitiator and is commercially available (ADEKA, Japan). BYK® - 310 is a surfactant and is commercially available (BYK, Germany). 【0382】 <Polymer film forming process> Mixture RMM-1 is dissolved in a solvent blend of toluene:cyclohexanone (7:3) at a ratio of 36% by weight of solids to 64% by weight of solvent and converted into a formulation. PAL HSPA-152 manufactured by Nissan is bar-coated with an MB#3 bar on a 60 μm TAC substrate. The substrate is then baked at 110 °C for 60 seconds and exposed to polarized light using a wire grid polarizer and a high-pressure mercury lamp (LH6 fusion) at 67 mW / cm 2 and 12 mJ / m 2 UVA. The formulation is bar-coated with MB#6 on the alignment layer obtained from PAL HSPA-152 manufactured by Nissan, annealed at 60 °C for 60 seconds, and then exposed to UV light using a high-pressure mercury lamp (LH6 fusion) at 180 mW / m 2 and 40 mJ / cm 2 UVA. After the first UV process, the sample is purged with nitrogen for 60 seconds and finally exposed to UV light using a high-pressure mercury lamp (LH6 fusion) at 520 mW / cm 2 and 220 mJ / cm 2 UVA. 【0383】 <Optical Results> The polymer film is measured with an Axometrics Axostep, and each polymer film is measured twice, once with the film on top (light source, substrate, polymer film, detector) and once with the film on the bottom (light source, polymer film, substrate, detector). The spectral polarization state is plotted on a Poincare sphere. The polarization ellipse changes at each wavelength, each having a left-handed rotation. Since the twist in the z-direction is asymmetric, the film does not operate reversibly. 【0384】 To produce an achromatic circular polarizer, the back side (the side with lower twist) of the polymer film is laminated with a linear polarizer, whereby the transmission axis of the polarizer is 45° with respect to the initial direction of the aligned LC medium. 【0385】 When light is incident from the bottom of the polymer film, it first passes through the low-twist region. In this configuration, the input light of horizontal linear polarization is converted into right-handed circularly polarized (RHCP) light, which occurs efficiently for all visible wavelengths in the same manner. 【0386】 When light is incident from the top of the polymer film, it first passes through the high-twist region. In this configuration, the right-handed circularly polarized input light is converted into horizontal linear polarization, which occurs efficiently for all visible wavelengths in the same manner. 【0387】 Ray tracing is used to simulate the output polarization state for a selected input polarization state. For the film in the upper measurement, ray tracing shows how the horizontal input light is converted into RHCP output and how all spectral polarization states are closely grouped around the +S3 pole (S = [1,0,0,1]) of the Poincaré sphere. For the film in the lower measurement, ray tracing shows how the RHCP input light is converted into horizontal linear polarization output and how the spectral polarization states are closely grouped around the +S1 (S = [1,1,0,0]) pole of the Poincaré sphere. 【0388】 To model the progression of the director orientation throughout the film, Mueller matrix data measured with Axometrics Axoscan was used. The accelerated twist characteristics are shown in Figure 2. 【0389】 <Anti-reflection visual performance> The anti-reflection stack S1 is created by placing the polymer film of Example 1 between a reflective surface such as the metal cathode of an OLED display and a linear polarizer. 【0390】 For comparison, reference antireflection stacks R1 and R2 are created as described above. In reference stack R1, the polymer film of Example 1 is replaced with a polymer film having a quarter-wave retardation and negative dispersion made from an H-shaped compound, and in reference stack R2, the polymer film of Example 1 is replaced with a polymer film having a quarter-wave retardation and positive dispersion. 【0391】 The antireflection performance of the three stacks is measured using DMS and shown in FIG. 1. It can be seen that stack S1 containing the polymer film of Example 1 exhibits the lowest reflectance compared to reference stacks R1 and R2. 【0392】 <Example 2> According to the following table, mixtures RMM2 to RMM7 are prepared. 【0393】 【Table 2】 【0394】 SPI03 is a photoinitiator and is commercially available (Samyang, Korea). TR-PBG-304 is a photoinitiator and is commercially available (Tronly, China). N1919-T is a photoinitiator and is commercially available (Adeka, Japan). Irgacure® 651 is a photoinitiator and is commercially available (Ciba, Basel, Switzerland). 【0395】 Each polymer film of RMM2 to RMM7 is prepared and optical results are measured as described in Example 1. All polymer films exhibit a desirable chiral structure and have similar optical properties when measured with Axoscan. 【0396】 This indicates that the type of photoinitiator is not important for the mechanism that generates the desirable chiral structure, and a wide variety of photoinitiators can be used.

Claims

[Claim 1] A polymerizable LC medium comprising one or more direactive or polyreactive mesogenic compounds, one or more chiral compounds having an (S) configuration, and one or more chiral compounds having an (R) configuration, wherein at least one of the chiral compounds having either an (S) configuration or an (R) configuration is selected from photoreactive chiral compounds. [Claim 2] The polymerizable LC medium according to claim 1, wherein at least one of the chiral compounds having either an (S) configuration or an (R) configuration is selected from polymerizable photoreactive chiral compounds. [Claim 3] Media | HTTP Δ | represents 0.1 μm －１ ~100 μm －１ A polymerizable LC medium according to claim 1, which is within the range. [Claim 4] The polymerizable LC medium according to claim 1, further comprising a photoinitiator. [Claim 5] The polymerizable LC medium according to claim 4, wherein the ratio of the concentration of the photoinitiator to the total concentration of all chiral compounds is in the range of 1:1 to 1:

5. [Claim 6] The polymerizable LC medium according to claim 1, wherein one or more bireactive or polyreactive mesogen compounds are selected from formula DRM. 【Chemistry 1】 (In the formula, P １ and P ２ Each of these independently represents a polymerizable group, Sp １ and Sp ２ These are each independently of each other, either a spacer group or a single bond. MG is a rod-shaped mesogenic group, and this group is selected from formula MG. 【Chemistry 2】 During the ceremony, A １ and A ２ When there are a plurality of them, they each independently represent an aromatic or alicyclic group, which may contain one or more heteroatoms selected from N, O and S, and may be mono- or polysubstituted by L. L is P-Sp-, F, Cl, Br, I, -CN, -NO ２ , -NCO, -NCS, -OCN, -SCN, -C(=O)NR ｘ R ｙ , -C (=O) OR ｘ , -C(=O)R ｘ , -NR ｘ R ｙ -OH, -SF ５ , which may be substituted, silyl, aryl or heteroaryl having 1 to 12 C atoms, and linear or branched alkyl, alkoxy, alkylcarbonyl, alkoxycarbonyl, alkylcarbonyloxy or alkoxycarbonyloxy having 1 to 12 C atoms, wherein one or more H atoms may be replaced with F or Cl. R ｘ and R ｙ Each of these represents an alkyl group having either H or 1 to 12 C atoms independently of each other. Z １ If there are multiple instances, they are treated independently of each other as -O-, -S-, -CO-, -COO-, -OCO-, -S-CO-, -CO-S-, -O-COO-, -CO-NR ｘ -, -NR ｘ -CO-, -NR ｘ -CO-NR ｙ , -NR ｘ -CO-O-, -O-CO-NR ｘ -, -OCH ２ -ien-CH ２ O-, -SCH ２ -ien-CH ２ S-, -CF ２ O-, -OCF ２ -, -CF ２ S-, -SCF ２ -ien-CH ２ CH ２ -, - (CH ２ ) ｎ１ , -CF ２ CH ２ -ien-CH ２ CF ２ -, -CF ２ CF ２ -, -CH=N-, -N=CH-, -N=N-, -CH=CR ｘ -, -CY １ =CY ２ -, -C≡C-, -CH=CH-COO-, -OCO-CH=CH-, or single bond are represented. Y １ and Y ２ Each of these independently represents H, F, Cl, or CN. n is 1, 2, 3, or 4. n1 is an integer between 1 and 10. [Claim 7] The polymerizable LC medium according to claim 1, wherein the concentration of the bireactive or polyreactive mesogenic compound is 5 to 70%. [Claim 8] The polymerizable LC medium according to claim 1, comprising one or more monoreactive mesogenic compounds selected from the compounds of formula MRM. 【Transformation 3】 (In the formula, P1 represents a polymerizable group, Sp 1 is a spacer group or a single bond. MG is a rod-shaped mesogenic group, and this group is selected from formula MG. 【Chemistry 4】 During the ceremony, If multiple A1 and A2 exist, they independently represent aromatic or alicyclic groups, and these groups may contain one or more heteroatoms selected from N, O, and S, and may be monosubstituted or polysubstituted with L. L is P-Sp-, F, Cl, Br, I, -CN, -NO₂, -NCO, -NCS, -OCN, -SCN, -C(=O)NRxRy, -C(=O)ORx, -C(=O)Rx, -NRxRy, -OH, -SF₅, substituted silyl, aryl or heteroaryl having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, and linear or branched alkyl, alkoxy, alkylcarbonyl, alkoxycarbonyl, alkylcarbonyloxy or alkoxycarbonyloxy having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, wherein one or more H atoms may be replaced with F or Cl. R x and R y each independently represent an alkyl group having H or 1 to 12 C atoms. If there are multiple Z1s, they are independent of each other: -O-, -S-, -CO-, -COO-, -OCO-, -S-CO-, -CO-S-, -O-COO-, -CO-NR x-, -NR x-CO-, -NR x-CO-NR y, -NR x-CO-O-, -O-CO-NR x-, -OCH2-, -CH2O-, -SCH2-, -CH2S-, -CF2O-, -OCF2-, -CF2S-, -SCF2-, -CH2CH2-, -(CH2)n1, -CF2CH2-, -CH2CF2-, -CF2CF2 -, -CH=N-, -N=CH-, -N=N-, -CH=CRx -, -CY1 =CY2 -, -C≡C-, -CH=CH-COO-, -OCO-CH=CH- or represents a single bond, Y1 and Y2 each independently represent H, F, Cl, or CN. n is 1, 2, 3, or 4. n1 is an integer between 1 and 10. R is P-Sp-, F, Cl, Br, I, -CN, -NO ２ , -NCO, -NCS, -OCN, -SCN, -C(=O)NR ｘ R ｙ , -C(=O)X, -C(=O)OR ｘ , -C(=O)R ｙ , -NR ｘ R ｙ -OH, -SF ５ , represents a linear or branched alkyl, alkoxy, alkylcarbonyl, alkoxycarbonyl, alkylcarbonyloxy or alkoxycarbonyloxy having 1 to 12 C atoms, wherein one or more H atoms may be replaced with F or Cl. X is a halogen, and R ｘ and R ｙ Each of these is an alkyl group that independently has either H or 1 to 12 C atoms. [Claim 9] The polymerizable LC medium according to claim 1, wherein the photoreactive chiral compound is selected from polymerizable photoreactive chiral compounds of formula I. 【Transformation 5】 (In the formula, P is CH ２ =CW-COO-, WCH=CH-O- or CH ２ =CH-phenyl-(O) ｋ - and W is H, CH ３ Alternatively, F and Cl, where k is 0 or 1. Sp is a spacer group having 1 to 20 C atoms. X is a group or single bond selected from -O-, -S-, -CO-, -COO-, -OCO-, -OCO-O-, -S-CO-, -CO-S-, n is either 0 or 1, Z １ and Z ２ These are independently -COO-, -OCO-, and -CH ２ CH ２ -, -OCH ２ -ien-CH ２ O-, -CH=CH-, -CH=CH-COO-, -OCO-CH=CH-, -C≡C- or single bond, A １ and A ２ These are independently 1,4-phenylene (in which one or more CH groups may be replaced by N), and 1,4-cyclohexylene (in which one or two non-adjacent CH groups may be replaced by N), respectively. ２ The groups may be replaced with O and / or S.) 1,4-cyclohexenylene, 1,4-bicyclo(2,2,2)octylene, piperidine-1,4-diyl, naphthalene-2,6-diyl, decahydronaphthalene-2,6-diyl, or 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene-2,6-diyl, all of which are unsubstituted or monosubstituted or polysubstituted with a halogen, cyano or nitro group or an alkyl, alkoxy or acyl group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms, with one or more H atoms substituted with F or Cl. m and l are independently 0, 1, or 2. G is the following structural element: 【Transformation 6】 However, q is 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4, and L is independently in each case a halogen, cyano or nitro group or an alkyl, alkoxy or acyl group having 1 to 7 C atoms, wherein one or more H atoms may be substituted with F or Cl, and X is a photoreactive group, and R may be unsubstituted, monosubstituted or polysubstituted with halogens or CN, and may be an alkyl group having up to 25 carbon atoms, and may also have one or more non-adjacent CH groups. ２ The bases are -O-, -S-, -NH-, and -N(CH) in each case, independently of each other. ３ )-, -CO-, -COO-, -OCO-, -OCO-O-, -S-CO-, -CO-S- or -C≡C- may be substituted so that the oxygen atoms are not directly bonded to each other, or instead R is a halogen, cyano or independently P-(Sp-X) ｎ (It has one of the meanings that can be given to it.) [Claim 10] The polymerizable LC medium according to claim 9, wherein the photoreactive chiral compound is selected from polymerizable photoreactive chiral compounds of formula Ia. 【Transformation 7】 (In the formula, P, Sp, X, n, L, q, and R have the meanings given in claim 9.) [Claim 11] A polymerizable LC medium according to claim 1, comprising one or more monoreactive mesogenic compounds in a concentration of 1 to 80%. [Claim 12] A method for producing a polymerizable LC medium according to claim 1, comprising at least one step of mixing one or more direactive or polyreactive mesogenic compounds with one or more chiral compounds having an (S) configuration and one or more chiral compounds having an (R) configuration, wherein at least one of the chiral compounds contains a photoisomerizable group. [Claim 13] Use of a polymerizable LC medium according to claim 1 for producing a polymer film exhibiting a biased pitch such that the chiral rotation angle gradually increases or decreases over the thickness of the film. [Claim 14] A method for preparing a polymer film, - A step of providing a polymerizable LC medium layer according to claim 1 on a substrate on which an orientation layer capable of inducing planar orientation in an adjacent layer of the polymerizable LC medium may be provided. - A first step of irradiating the layer stack with chemical radiation in air, and - Second step: Irradiating the layer stack with chemical radiation in an inert gas atmosphere. A method that includes this. [Claim 15] The method according to claim 14, characterized in that the first and second steps of irradiation by chemical radiation are performed by exposure to UV radiation. [Claim 16] The method according to claim 14, characterized in that the first and second irradiation steps are carried out at room temperature, and the polymerizable LC medium layer is not subjected to heat treatment during or between the first and second irradiation steps. [Claim 17] A polymer film which is a polymer of the polymerizable LC medium described in Claim 1. [Claim 18] The polymer film according to claim 17, characterized in that the chiral rotation angle exhibits a biased pitch that gradually increases or decreases over the thickness of the film. [Claim 19] Use of the polymer film in an optical component according to claim 17. [Claim 20] A method for manufacturing an optical component, comprising the step of laminating the polymer film described in claim 17 onto a substrate or another polymer film. [Claim 21] An optical component comprising the polymer film described in claim 17. [Claim 22] The optical component according to claim 21, further comprising an A plate. [Claim 23] The optical component according to claim 21, characterized in that it is a QWP or an anti-reflective component. [Claim 24] Use of the polymer film according to claim 17 or an optical component containing the polymer film according to claim 17 in an optical or electro-optical device. [Claim 25] An optical or electro-optical device comprising the polymer film according to claim 17 or an optical component comprising the polymer film according to claim 17.

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