Filter equipment for communication

Abstract

The present invention relates to a filter system (100) for filtering air (101) within a space (151) of a building (150). The filter system (100) comprises a filter device (110) having a fan unit (111) and a filter element (112), the filter device being installable within the space (151), and the air (101) to be filtered being able to flow through the filter element (112) by means of the fan unit (111) for filtering. The filter device (110) has a sensor element (113) for determining at least one filter device parameter including at least one air parameter of the air (101) filtered by the filter device (110) or an operating parameter of the filter device (110). The filter system (100) has another sensor element (121), the other sensor element being installable at a distance from the filter device (110) and being designed to determine at least one further air parameter of the air (101) at the other sensor element (121). The filter device (110) is coupled to the filter device (110) and the other sensor element (121) and further has a control unit (130) configured to determine at least one space state or filter state based on the filter device parameter and the further air parameter.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a filter system for filtering air in a building space. The present invention further relates to a method for filtering air in a building space.

Background Art

[0002] The filter system of an indoor air system ensures ventilation and exhaust of a building space and filters harmful substances from the air. In that case, in a building, a primary filter facility including, for example, a central ventilation facility of the building and a controlled residential ventilation device is used. In that case, the primary filter facility can be connected to the outside air. In many cases, a secondary filter system is further used as a supplement to the primary filter facility. The secondary filter facility includes, for example, an air circulation system having a filter function and is intended to be installed in a space (for example, an in-space air purifier).

[0003] Since the secondary filter facility often operates independently of the primary filter facility in a building, the overall filter capacity either does not meet the requirements or is overly adjusted for the actual demand, resulting in wasted energy consumption.

Summary of the Invention

[0004] An object of the present invention is to optimally adjust the filter capacity in a building.

[0005] This object is solved by a filter system for filtering air in a building space and a method for filtering air in a building space according to the subject matter of the independent patent claims.

[0006] According to a first aspect, a filter system for filtering air in a space of a building is described. The filter system has a fan unit and a filter element, and comprises a filter device installable in the space. The air to be filtered can flow through the filter element by the fan unit for filtering, and the filter device has at least one sensor element for determining at least one filter device parameter consisting of at least one air parameter (e.g., CO content, CO2 content, relative humidity, air pressure, O2 content, foreign matter component) of the air filtered by the filter device and / or an operating parameter (e.g., power consumption, air throughput, volume, etc.) of the filter device.

[0007] The filter device further has another sensor element installable at a distance from the filter device (in the same space or another space of the building), and is designed to determine at least one other air parameter (e.g., CO content, CO2 content, relative humidity, air pressure, O2 content, foreign matter component) of the air by the other sensor element.

[0008] Furthermore, the filter device has a control unit, which is coupled to the filter device and the other sensor element, and is configured to determine at least one space state (e.g., CO2 space distribution, location-dependent foreign matter load, human occupancy (presence / absence of people, distribution of people in the space, noise level in the space, etc.), or filter state (e.g., filter clogging state, information on the need for filter replacement, information on the need for fan maintenance)) based on the filter device parameter and the other air parameter.

[0009] According to another aspect, a method for filtering air in a space of a building using the above-described filter system is described.

[0010] The filter system according to the present invention is typically also used for filtering and purifying air in a building or for purifying air in a production process of a factory.

[0011] The filter device has, for example, a housing, and one filter element is arranged in the housing, or a plurality of filter elements can be provided in an exchangeable manner in series along the air flow direction through the filter device, or in parallel with respect to the flow direction.

[0012] The filter element of the filter device has, for example, a flat filter material fixed to a surrounding support frame. The filter element can be designed as a pocket filter, and a plurality of pockets of the filter material are attached to the support frame, and the air flow is introduced into the pockets to filter the incoming air. The filter module can also be designed as a cartridge filter, a tube filter, a candle filter, a compact filter, and a HEPA filter.

[0013] The fan unit of the filter device particularly sucks the air to be filtered into the filter device, whereby the air flows through the filter element. The fan unit can have, for example, an axial compressor or a radial compressor, and accordingly, the air can flow linearly along the translational flow or at a right angle. The fan unit can be particularly controlled by a control unit, whereby the air throughput passing through the filter device can be adjusted.

[0014] The sensor element of the filter device is configured to determine at least one filter device parameter consisting of at least air parameters (such as CO content, CO2 content, relative humidity, air pressure, O2 content, foreign matter components) of the air filtered by the filter device, and / or operating parameters of the filter device (such as power consumption, air throughput, volume, etc.). In that case, the sensor element can be arranged upstream of the filter element to measure the air parameters before filtration. Additionally or alternatively, the sensor element can be arranged after the filter element to measure the air parameters after filtration. Thereby, for example, qualitative and further quantitative filter capabilities can be verified. The determined air parameters can provide information regarding the spatial state to be described later, for example, whether there is a person in the space, especially before filtration.

[0015] Accordingly, the sensor element measures air parameters such as, for example, the concentration of various airborne substances or foreign matter and / or the quality of the air. The sensor element can provide a direct measurement of foreign matter or a group of foreign matter in the air stream. This can influence, for example, the amount of fine dust of a specific diameter class. Further, for example, other foreign matter can be filtered out in advance, whereby a specific airborne substance hits the sensor. When vortices are generated by the turbulence of the air passing through the filter device, heavier substances (particles, molecules, aerosols, etc.) are separated radially from the fluid column by centrifugal force, which homogenizes the composition of the air stream. To reduce the influence of the vortices, the sensor element can be arranged at an appropriate distance from the wall of the flow path of the filter device.

[0016] The sensor element has, for example, a MEMS sensor. The sensor element can be further configured such that, in particular, the sensor element can be used for Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy FTIR and / or near-infrared spectroscopy. In that case, parameters such as particles per unit volume can be measured. The sensor element can further have a resistance sensor for measuring air entrained substances and / or air quality. In that case, in order to measure the presence of specific foreign substances in the air (e.g., measurement by the breath method), for example, a trigger substance can be additionally used.

[0017] Accordingly, another sensor element can be designed like the above-described sensor element. Another sensor element can be installed, in particular, at a distance from the filter device (in the same space or another space of the building) and is designed to determine at least one other air parameter of the air (e.g., CO content, CO2 content, relative air humidity, air pressure, O2 content, foreign component, etc.) with the other sensor element. Another sensor element can be a separate independent sensor element, as described in the exemplary embodiments below, and can be arranged at a distance from the filter device. Another sensor element can be further incorporated into a (e.g., secondary) filter device. Another sensor element can be further made part of the primary filter device. In particular, a plurality of (secondary) filter devices with corresponding additional sensor elements can be arranged, and further, additional sensor elements arranged in a plurality of independent and / or primary filter facilities can be provided.

[0018] The filter device further has a control unit, which is coupled to the filter device and another sensor element and is configured to determine at least one spatial state (e.g., CO2 spatial distribution, human occupancy status (presence / absence of people, distribution of people in the space, noise level in the space, etc.), or filter state (e.g., filter clogging state, information regarding the need for filter replacement, information regarding the need for fan maintenance)) based on filter device parameters (i.e., air parameters of the air filtered by the filter device or operating parameters of the filter device) and other air parameters.

[0019] By spatially separating a sensor element from another sensor element, for example, a local distribution of the concentration of an air parameter can be determined. Based on this, the control unit can create, for example, a statement about the spatial grouping of people or a statement about the presence and local presence of a source of danger. For example, if the soot load of another sensor element increases compared to the sensor element, it can be concluded that there is a local fire source in the vicinity of the other sensor element. Accordingly, since the CO2 concentration at the location of the sensor element, for example, is different compared to the location of another sensor element, it can be concluded that people are grouped at the location of the sensor element (in response to people's exhalation) or are grouped at the location of another sensor element. Furthermore, by comparing the quality of the air measured by the filter device with the quality of the air at another sensor element, the filter state (e.g., information regarding filter clogging state, the need for filter replacement, the need for fan maintenance) can be determined.

[0020] The control unit is arranged, for example, inside the filter device. For example, the control unit is designed to control the fan unit of the filter device. Additionally or alternatively, the control unit can be coupled to the primary filter installation of the building in order to control the ventilation capacity or the filter capacity of the primary filter installation. The control unit can be arranged at a central location in the building, at the primary filter installation, or at the filter device described above.

[0021] With the filter system according to the present invention and the separate sensor measurements of a sensor element and another sensor element, based on the filter device parameters of the filter device and other air parameters obtained thereby, the spatial state or the filter state can be determined, and thereby new information can be obtained for controlling the entire system including the primary filter installation or the filter device.

[0022] According to another exemplary embodiment, at least the air parameter or another air parameter is selected from the group consisting of CO content, CO2 content, relative air humidity, air pressure, oxygen content, air flow velocity, foreign components including foreign particles, in particular fine dust content, particle size of foreign particles, in particular diameter of foreign particles, type of foreign particles, dew point, and air temperature.

[0023] According to another exemplary embodiment, at least the operating parameters of the filter device are selected from the group consisting of power consumption of the filter device, air throughput passing through the filter element, volume of the fan unit, flow volume of the flowing air and temperature of the fan unit, and pressure drop of the air flowing through the filter element.

[0024] The gas components, liquid components, or solids in the air stream can also be detected by the sensor element, for example, their chemical / physical properties, in particular the quantity and / or (e.g., average) diameter can be detected. Based on these basic measurement values, subsequent calculations such as CO2 footprint, (energy) saving potential (e.g., depending on the pressure drop on the filter that may be affected by the filter material or filter replacement), or energy consumption can also be calculated. The measurement values can be adjusted, normalized, or adapted using algorithms. These measurement values can be transmitted wirelessly or wired to other systems.

[0025] According to another exemplary embodiment, the control unit is configured to determine at least the spatial state, and the spatial state is selected from the group consisting of CO2 distribution in the space, presence of people in the space, occupancy of people in the space, distribution of people in the space, noise level in the space, presence of danger sources, in particular the presence of a fire source, aerosol concentration, fine dust concentration, and / or virus concentration in the space.

[0026] According to another exemplary embodiment, the control unit is configured to determine at least a filter state selected from the group consisting of a filter clogging of a filter element, filter replacement information, and maintenance information of a fan. The control unit can determine the filter state, for example, based on filter device parameters, such as operating parameters of the air filtered by the filter device and air parameters. For example, the air throughput passing through the filter element can be determined, and the sensor element can determine, as air parameters, the concentration of, for example, fine dust before and after the filter element. If the filtration of fine dust related to the air throughput at the filter element does not correspond to a target value, filter clogging can be concluded, and filter replacement can be indicated by the control unit. Further, a failure of the fan unit can be concluded from the power consumption of the fan unit related to the air throughput passing through the filter element.

[0027] According to another exemplary embodiment, the control unit has a display element for displaying a space state and / or a filter state. The display element can consist of, for example, an optical display element such as an LED that displays the space state or the filter state in a specific color tone. For example, if the CO2 content in the space is too high and / or the oxygen content is too low, a red LED can be displayed, for example. If the CO2 content is below a limit value, a green LED can emit light, for example. Accordingly, for example, a non-clogged (freier), operable filter state can be displayed in green, and a clogged filter state, and thus a filter state in which filter element replacement is necessary, can be displayed in red. Further, the display element can form a graphic display, particularly a touch-sensitive display (touch display). Relatively complex information, such as an image of the space and corresponding areas where a specific space state or filter state exists, can be displayed on the graphic display. For example, areas with a high CO2 concentration and other areas with a lower CO2 concentration in the space can be graphically displayed.

[0028] According to another exemplary embodiment, another sensor element is arranged in the same space as the filter device. Thereby, corresponding air parameters can be measured at a plurality of locations in the space, particularly for including the entire space as a measurement area. Therefore, a more reliable statement regarding the exceeding of individual limit values of the air parameters in the space can be made.

[0029] According to another exemplary embodiment, another sensor element is arranged in a space different from the filter device. Accordingly, air parameters from a plurality of spaces in a building can be checked or measured. For example, if the CO2 content increases in a certain space compared to another space, for example, the occupancy of the space by people can be confirmed. Accordingly, for example, in order to create a desired space state in the space, the primary ventilation equipment (for example, central ventilation equipment) or individual filter devices in one of the spaces can be controlled. Based on knowing the occupancy of the space by comparing the CO2 values in the corresponding space, furthermore, the digital occupancy plan of the space can be controlled by the control unit. For example, if the CO2 content in the space increases and this corresponds to the occupancy by several people, it can be confirmed that this space is occupied by the occupancy planner. By measuring and evaluating the noise level in the space, the number and concentration of people speaking in the space can be concluded, and since the aerosol emission by people increases according to the speaking volume, the ventilation capacity can be adapted thereto.

[0030] According to another exemplary embodiment, the filter system has another filter device at a distance from the filter device in the space, and the other filter device has another sensor element. The other filter device having the other sensor element can be, for example, a ventilation outlet in the space, and the ventilation outlet can be part of a central ventilation facility. Thus, the other sensor element is part of another filter device arranged at a distance from the filter device in the space. The control unit can display the spatial state of the space according to location based on the measured parameters of the corresponding filter device and further air parameters. For example, a spatial map can be accurately created that displays the individual concentrations of the selected air parameters. Based on this, in another exemplary embodiment, the control unit can individually control the individual filter devices in order to adjust the desired concentration of the air parameters in the space based on the filter capacity.

[0031] According to another exemplary embodiment, the other filter device has another filter element, and the other filter device is in particular part of a central filter facility of a building. Based on the measured further air parameters, the control unit can control the central ventilation facility, for example, to set the desired air parameters together with local filter devices provided in the space.

[0032] According to another exemplary embodiment, the other filter device has another fan unit and is in particular designed to be movable (for example, as a mobile secondary filter device). By comparing the individual capacity data of the fan unit of the filter device and the other fan unit of the other filter device, it is further possible to conclude the corresponding filter state in the corresponding filter device, for example, to obtain information regarding the filter clogging of the corresponding filter element.

[0033] According to another exemplary embodiment, the control unit is configured to determine the position data of the filter device and / or another sensor element (or another filter device) (e.g., by means of an indoor positioning system, WLAN, or by identifying the connection points (outlets) of the corresponding filter devices in the space), and / or to take into account pre-configured position data.

[0034] According to another exemplary embodiment, the control unit is configured to create, based on the position data, a heat map (relating to the air parameter "temperature" or similarly to other measured values), a local distribution image of the gas concentration, in particular the CO2 concentration distribution (relating to the air parameter "CO2 concentration") or the O2 concentration distribution (relating to the air parameter "O2 concentration"), a distribution of people (e.g., an air parameter calculated based on the CO2 concentration), an aerosol distribution (relating to the air parameter "aerosol concentration"), a humidity distribution (relating to the air parameter "relative air humidity"), a virus distribution (e.g., by analyzing corresponding indicators and markers that can be arranged in the filter element), a concentration of foreign components, e.g., a fine dust concentration distribution (relating to the air parameter "fine dust concentration"). Thus, by knowing the position data of the sensor element and another sensor element, a graphic image of the space with the corresponding local concentrations of the desired air parameters can be displayed.

[0035] According to another exemplary embodiment, the control unit is configured to control a filter device, in particular a fan unit, based on a spatial state and / or a filter state. For example, the control unit can control the filter device and a plurality of other filter devices. For example, a number of local (mobile) secondary filter devices can be installed in a space, and a part of the primary central ventilation facility can also be provided in the space. Based on the corresponding measured position-related air parameters, the control unit can individually control all filter devices of both the secondary filter device and the primary filter device. In other words, by correlating the measured values of the air parameters with each other, actions (control actions) can be caused and / or information can be displayed. In particular, one of the filter devices, preferably a secondary filter device that was particularly active in island operation in the conventional method, can be controlled in open loop (gesteuert) and / or closed loop (geregelt).

[0036] According to another exemplary embodiment, the control unit is configured to variably control a filter device, in particular a fan unit, such that the suction area of the space moves due to the change, and in particular to determine the spatial state by including the influence of the change of the suction area in the determination. For example, the direction in which the air flow is sucked into the filter device can be controlled. For this purpose, the filter device can have, for example, an air inlet placed at a distance that can selectively suck in ambient air. Additionally or alternatively, the filter device can have a controllable air flap that precisely adjusts the suction direction. Accordingly, the control unit can control the suction area into which the air flow is sucked and take the suction area into account in order to analyze the spatial state and / or the filter state accordingly. Thus, without the filter device moving from its location, the measurement location or the suction area is changed. In the case of a primary filter device, the air flow can be set by controlling a flap or a valve at the air suction location in the space so that only a specific zone, in particular a space or a specific spatial region, sends the analyzed air to the sensor element. In contrast, a secondary filter device can change the direction in which the air is sucked by an internal mechanism (for example, by changing the capacity of individual fans or adjusting the suction flap to the "left" or "right"), which also enables measurements from different suction areas.

[0037] According to another exemplary embodiment, the control unit is configured to variably control a filter device, in particular a fan unit, such that it can take into account the future energy availability and / or the current and / or future energy consumption of the filter system and / or the building. The control unit is configured to perform open-loop control and / or closed-loop control of the filter device within a set range automatically or partially automatically using a consensus function, in particular based on the future energy availability and / or the current and / or future energy consumption of the filter system and / or the building.

[0038] For example, if it is known that energy will be required at a later point in time for other things (e.g., charging a vehicle), as a preventive measure, a part of the building (e.g., a meeting room depending on the reserved date) can be cooled. While energy is required for other operating states of the building, the cooled area is switched to recirculated air, and the air quality is monitored depending on the location, whereby, from a specific reduced air quality level (e.g., from a specific value of a specific air parameter within the space such as oxygen content), the charging power is reduced and the ventilation is strengthened again. The importance of different air parameters measured by the sensor element through parameterization can be determined and included in the determination of the energy consumption of the control unit. The control unit can, for example, automatically control the filter device fully automatically. Alternatively, the control unit can control the filter device partially automatically and present recommendations to the operator that require the operator's consent before making critical control decisions (corresponding to the above consent function).

[0039] According to another exemplary embodiment, the filter element is designed such that the pressure drop of the air flowing through the filter element is less than 450 Pa, particularly less than 250 Pa, and even more particularly less than 150 Pa. The filter module according to the invention, particularly the filtering capacity of the filter area, is measured, for example, in accordance with EN ISO16890 and is better than 50% for one of the classes of "ISO Coarse", "ISO ePM10", "ISO ePM2.5" or "ISO ePM1".

[0040] According to another exemplary embodiment, the filter device has an air volume per hour and per square meter of filter area of less than 600 m 3 / (m 2 xh), particularly less than 140 m 3 / (m 2 xh), less than 85 m 3 / (m 2 xh), or less than 50 m 3 / (m 2xh) is less than, and / or the velocity of the volumetric flow rate of air passing through the filter device is configured to be in the range of 0.1 to 5 m / s, particularly in the range of 0.2 m / s to 3.4 m / s, and even more particularly in the range of 0.3 m / s to 2.8 m / s.

[0041] The filter element according to the present invention, particularly the filter material, is designed such that when the velocity of the volumetric flow rate passing through the filter body is in the range of 0.1 m / s to 5 m / s, the pressure drop of the air passing through the filter body is less than 450 Pascals. Accordingly, the filter element is used to purify a large mass of air with a small pressure loss. These values can be adjusted structurally, particularly by the selection of the filter material and the corresponding pore size and tissue structure of the filter material. Regarding the incorporation of the sensor element into the filter device according to the present invention, the volumetric flow rate in the filter element is 0.1 to 5 m / s, particularly 0.2 to 3.4 m / s, preferably 0.3 to 2.8 m / s, and the pressure drop on the filter element is less than 450 Pa, particularly less than 250 Pa, preferably less than 150 Pa. It has been clarified that the operating data in this case is particularly suitable.

[0042] When the corresponding filter device is operated within these characteristic values, the measures (or combinations thereof) proposed by the present invention enable the sensor element to be almost undisturbed during installation, i.e., the sensor data conforms to the assigned local area throughout the entire range of variation of the operating data. The composition of the air flow in the sensor element also hardly changes with a change in the pressure drop of 50 Pa to 450 Pa. The solution according to the present invention is particularly suitable for filter devices in which the pressure drop on the filter device is less than 500 Pa, especially because the optimization of the flow resistance according to the present invention is effective. Particularly good results are achieved when the pressure drop on the filter element is less than 450 Pa, particularly less than 250 Pa, preferably less than 150 Pa, in one operating mode.

[0043] In addition, by limiting the pressure drop on the filter element by virtue of the extremely large filter surface area according to the present invention (for example, by incorporating the filter membrane in a corrugated shape between two nonwoven fabrics described later), it becomes possible to correspondingly reduce the volume flow rate per unit time and per unit area. During operation of the filter device, the volume of air per hour and per square meter of the filter area (i.e., the so-called filter surface load) is 600 m 3 less than, in particular 450 m 3 or 140 m 3 less than, preferably 85 m 3 less than, particularly preferably 50 m 3 less than. At the same time, this prevents the filter element from clogging so early, thereby reducing the differential pressure drop on the filter element.

[0044] According to another exemplary embodiment, the control unit is arranged separately from the filter device and another sensor element. The control unit can exchange signals, for example, wired or wirelessly, with the filter device and the corresponding sensor element. Furthermore, the control unit can exchange corresponding signals with the fan unit.

[0045] According to another exemplary embodiment, the control unit is configured to determine the energy consumption of the filter device based on a specific spatial state and / or a specific filter state. Additionally or alternatively, the control unit determines control data for the filter device, particularly for the fan unit, based on a specific spatial state and / or a specific filter state, displays this to the user, and / or is configured to automatically control at least one filter device, preferably a plurality, particularly all filter devices, using the control data.

[0046] Accordingly, the control unit can generate data regarding the energy consumption and / or CO2 footprint of the filter system and / or the filter device. The filter device, in particular its filter element, requires more energy for proper use as the blockage increases because the pressure difference across the filter increases due to filter clogging. The control unit can further receive data regarding the energy costs or CO2 footprint based on the manufacture of the filter element. The control unit is configured to detect and display a recommendation regarding the optimal filter replacement time (or cleaning time) of the filter element based thereon. In particular, the control unit can generate individual parameters such as energy costs, savings potential, CO2 reduction, CO2 certificate costs, etc.

[0047] According to another exemplary embodiment, the control unit is set to analyze the spatial state based on specific foreign components or fine dust as air parameters, in particular in real time, based on the occurrence frequency of fine dust, in particular the frequency of the diameter classes of fine dust and / or the composition of fine dust. For example, an additionally reduced flow rate (low pressure drop across the filter) also results in a uniform air flow and an air vortex with less turbulence (e.g., fine dust particles are pushed radially away). This enables measurements related to the composition of the fine dust (diameter, amount, substance analysis, etc.). The control unit is configured to perform a real-time analysis regarding the fine dust load.

[0048] According to another exemplary embodiment, the control unit is coupled to a filter device and / or another sensor element for wireless signal exchange of sensor signals or control commands, and the filter device makes filter-related data available to the control unit, in particular using the protocols of RFID, NFC, Bluetooth®, WLAN, or building management technology. The control unit is configured to be able to generate warning signals, in particular based on filter-related data, and / or to take measures regarding the throughput passing through the filter device. The filter device and the control unit can each have an antenna or a conductor-based system that informs that the filter system is ready for data exchange. Such data can include not only parameters regarding airborne substances in the air, but also information and details of the filter device. For example, the air volume can be adjusted by the filter device or the filter system according to the performance of the filter device used. Furthermore, when the service life or clogging density of the filter element is exceeded, not only can it be interpreted as a maintenance signal, but also a signal that can be used as a control signal for reducing the air throughput amount can be sent. One variant of the transmitting device in the filter device and / or the control unit can be an RFID transponder (which can also have filter data in encrypted form), for example. Furthermore, communication mechanisms such as NFC, Bluetooth®, WLAN, etc. can also be used. In addition to the proprietary protocol, the bus systems (such as LON, EIB, etc.) of the building management system can also be used for wired communication.

[0049] According to another exemplary embodiment, the control unit obtains a unique ID from the filter device, the unique ID has information regarding the location of use of the filter device, and the control device receives the unique ID via NFC, Bluetooth®, WLAN, a proprietary protocol, or a protocol of a building management system, in particular LON or EIB. Based on the unique ID, the operation and / or configuration of the filter device can be set. In an even more preferred embodiment, the unique ID has information regarding the installation location of the filter device in the filter system. This ID enables preselecting the operation parameters required for a specific operation from the preconfigured operation modes of the filter system or the filter device, or calling up the stored data of the system configuration. In particular when using an encrypted protocol, reconfiguration can be avoided during filter replacement, and "plug and play" can be realized. The corresponding data can be transmitted from the filter system or the filter device during replacement, or transferred via the cloud. The transmission of the unique ID to the filter system can be performed using mechanisms known to those skilled in the art, utilizing QR code®, barcode, OCR font (and its successor machine-readable fonts), RFID, NFC, Bluetooth®, WLAN, a proprietary protocol, or a protocol of a building management system (such as LON, EIB). This mechanism also enables shipping a filter system or a filter device whose function becomes effective only when a part of the unique ID is included in an agreed accessory. This mechanism also enables shipping a filter system whose function becomes effective only when a part of the unique ID is included in an agreed accessory.

[0050] According to another exemplary embodiment, the filter element has a filter material comprising a single layer of nonwoven fabric, particularly a plurality of layers of nonwoven fabric, and the filter element can be disposed in the filter device in a replaceable manner. The filter element is, for example, a disposable filter. The nonwoven fabric consists of fibers of limited length, endless fibers (filaments) or cut yarns, and is joined and bonded to form a nonwoven fabric (fiber layer, fiber web). By connecting the fibers, a breathable material with narrow and small-pored air passages is provided, thereby obtaining a particularly good filtering effect for air particles.

[0051] Since the replaceable filter element (particularly a disposable filter) does not need to be precisely adapted to the housing surrounding the filter device, it is further advantageous in preventing possible air resonance in the filter module. In a filter material consisting of regularly arranged filter media (such as woven fabric, punching, etching, or perforated filter, etc.), resonance and associated negative effects (such as noise, especially during startup and shutdown of the equipment, and re-emission of harmful substances during fluctuations in physical measurement values) may occur due to the self-organization effect of the air flow. In the solution according to the present invention, it has been shown that the use of nonwoven fabric layers attenuates this vibration effect. This attenuation occurs by depositing and adhering the fibers irregularly and randomly. This irregularity reduces the possibility of self-organization due to vibration. This attenuation can be enhanced when using a plurality of nonwoven fabric layers, particularly when they have at least slightly different nonwoven fabric materials or nonwoven fabric layers. The difference can occur during the manufacture of the nonwoven fabric material.

[0052] According to another exemplary embodiment, the filter element has at least two nonwoven fabric layers arranged in a layered manner as a layer composite, and a filter membrane disposed between the nonwoven fabric layers. In particular, the filter membrane in the middle of the layer composite has a larger surface area than the two outer nonwoven fabric layers.

[0053] According to another exemplary embodiment, the first direction and the second direction form a plane, and the intermediate filter membrane is formed in a corrugated shape such that the corrugated portions are arranged back and forth along the first direction. The corrugated portions extend irregularly and asymmetrically with respect to each other, particularly in the plane. The filter element is arranged such that air can flow along the first direction or the second direction over the filter element.

[0054] For example, the x-direction is the air flow direction, and the corrugated portions extend transversely to the first direction along the second direction. The corrugated arrangement and the asymmetry of the wave shape can be utilized for vibration attenuation. Alternatively, it is possible to allow air to flow in the Y-direction in the filter body as well, and thus parallel to the extension of the waves. Thus, the corrugated portions form a riblet structure, for example like shark skin, which reduces the flow resistance. Depending on the inlet situation to the filter element (inflow cross-sectional area, volume flow rate, depth of the filter material to be passed through), one or the other embodiment may be particularly advantageous. The asymmetry of the corrugated arrangement can be achieved by a self-organizing compression process in which the feed rate of the filter membrane is significantly higher than the feed rates of the two cover nonwovens. The asymmetry of the corrugated arrangement is obtained by thermally fixing the three layers at a predetermined point in time. In addition to the advantages already described, this asymmetry has the effect of stabilizing the deflection in the x-y plane.

[0055] The filter membrane is stacked in a corrugated shape, and cover nonwovens are connected above and below for stabilization (adhesion, welding, pinning, etc.). This ensures that the open areas of the membrane are fully available during the service life of the filter element and that the throughput is not reduced by turning it over if it becomes flat or blocked.

[0056] According to another exemplary embodiment, the filter element has a thickness of 2 mm to 10 mm, particularly 3 mm to 7 mm, and / or the number of corrugated portions is 0.5 to 3 waves per centimeter.

[0057] This enables a filter capacity similar to that of a HEPA filter, but with a pressure drop within the range of a normal F7 filter (i.e., within the operating parameters of the solution according to the invention).

[0058] According to another exemplary embodiment, the filter element has a filter material that is hydrophobic and / or contains natural fibers or polyolefins, in particular polypropylene, and in particular the filter contains cellulose, cotton and / or hemp. When the air flow to be filtered is loaded with a high aerosol load, known filters may tend to get wet immediately. This, on the one hand, can increase the pressure drop on the filter statically, but also dynamically, due to a very rapid change in the pressure situation, excessive demands can be imposed on the subsequent control of the volume flow by VAV with respect to its control speed. The solution according to the invention can solve this problem by an appropriate material selection of the filter material. That is, hydrophobic materials (e.g., polyolefins that substantially do not contain polar groups, in particular polypropylene) or absorbent materials that tend to swell particularly (e.g., deeply) (e.g., natural fibers, in particular cellulose fibers, cotton or hemp) are used. This reduces the tendency for the filter openings to be filled with water droplets on the microscale or nanoscale. The fungicidal, antiviral, and bactericidal properties of hemp are advantageous and have been shown to make it an ideal filter component. This reduction in pressure drop also results in a less locally unstable measurement (i.e., since more air is drawn in with a smaller pressure drop, a larger local image (Ortsabbild) than expected when evaluated as a composite is related to the measured value).

[0059] According to another exemplary embodiment, the filter device has a metering device which is set up to measure the filter clogging of the filter element, in particular such that distortions of the measured values due to the pressure of the air flowing through the filter device can be compensated. By means of a corresponding additional mechanism, it is possible to achieve compensation for the distortion of the measured values due to the air resistance pressure during the operation of the filter device. This also makes it possible to determine a high filter clogging of the filter element in the case of an operating mode of the filter device at a low volumetric flow rate which does not cause differential pressure monitoring of the filter element in normal filter monitoring. In particular, in secondary filter installations, efforts are made to operate with a small pressure difference in order to keep the noise level low. This detail enables reliable measurement of the filter clogging even when the pressure difference is very small. In particular, the metering device can be in contact with the ground with the filter element assembled in the housing of the filter device, and thus the force of the weight of the filter element can be introduced into the ground. Thereby, it is possible to carry out a weight measurement of the filter element.

[0060] According to another exemplary embodiment, the filter device has an electrical supply unit, which is configured to obtain the energy used, in particular, to operate the sensor device and / or the filter device, by using the air flow through the filter device and / or by electromagnetic waves. It may be significant that the sensor system is autonomously designed in terms of energy, so that the filter system can receive measurement data or the measurement data can be displayed during times when the secondary filter installation or the filter device is not operating. This can be achieved by using a lifetime battery or by supply through energy harvesting. In that case, it is meaningful to use sensor elements that are as energy-efficient as possible. Additionally, the energy consumption can be reduced by changing the duty cycle, i.e., the sensor element operates not permanently but periodically for only 1 / 10 or 1 / 100 of an hour (or even shorter measurement intervals). Even when the measurement speed of the sensor element is high (i.e., the measurement time is short), accurate or even highly accurate measurements are performed due to the inertia regarding changes in the air flow composition. The energy-efficient sensor elements are increasingly miniaturized, which also makes it difficult to install them in the air flow and ensure the precise surrounding flow. These increasingly miniaturized sensor elements make it possible to incorporate two, three, or more than three different sensor elements into the filter device.

[0061] In particular, it has been found to be particularly advantageous to use a combined sensor that detects multiple air parameters with one sensor element, since it is only necessary to ensure the continuity of the air flow at a specific location, in which case multiple air parameters become available with this effort. Such an autonomous solution is also advantageous, in particular, for the retrofit of existing filter devices or the complementation of filter systems of other companies.

[0062] The electrical supply unit can be configured to obtain energy using an air flow through the filter module and / or by means of electromagnetic waves utilized in particular for operating the sensor element. For example, the energy can be obtained by means of a pressure difference on the filter element, using, for example, a propeller, a galloping harvester, a piezoelectric flag (piezo element), etc., and / or by receiving and rectifying a high-frequency vibration (for example from a WLAN router). This energy is used to operate the sensor element.

[0063] According to another exemplary embodiment, the filter system has a data storage unit coupled to a control unit, a filter device, and another sensor element for exchanging data. In particular, the data can be protected by means of certificates and / or encryption. In particular, the data is a measured value selected from the group consisting of the air throughput passing through the filter device, the air temperature, the air pressure, in particular the absolute pressure and / or the differential pressure, the filter clogging of the filter element, the air humidity, the aerosol load, the PM content and / or the foreign matter components at the measurement location of the air measurement. In particular, under particularly demanding operating conditions, it may be of interest that the details of individual detections can be stored and parameterized. This relates on the one hand to the details of the measurement method and on the other hand also to the recorded air parameters or filter device parameters (for example, details regarding the air throughput, temperature, pressure (in particular the absolute pressure and / or the differential pressure), filter clogging, humidity, aerosol load, PM content [in particular which diameter classes there are and in what amounts]). Such a data set can then be transmitted by means of communication or can only be read when the filter life has ended.

[0064] According to another exemplary embodiment, the sensor element is a differential pressure gauge, and is designed in particular to be able to measure the static pressure upstream of the filter element and the static and dynamic pressures downstream of the filter element. When the air flow velocity is high enough, the differential pressure between the normal pressure tap upstream of the filter body and the dynamic pressure tube (or Pitot tube) downstream of the filter can be measured. Since the pressure of the Pitot tube is obtained by the sum of the static pressure and the dynamic pressure, it is higher than the normal pressure tap in front of the filter. With this configuration, a reverse or negative differential pressure occurs on the filter, and it becomes possible to detect a clogging in the supply line or a valve failure. This embodiment may be suitable for retrofitting relatively old facilities. By using a controller in the filter module or filter system, the response value and / or limit value of the filter system can be parameterized externally.

[0065] The sensor element can have, for example, a microphone and can detect the noise level in the space and in particular the location of the noise source. Since the release of aerosols by people increases with the speaking volume, by measuring and evaluating the noise level in the space, the number and concentration of people speaking in the space can be estimated, and the ventilation capacity of the fan unit can be adapted thereto via the control unit. In other words, the control of the ventilation capacity can thereby be adjusted according to the noise level in the space. The more people are speaking or the louder they are speaking, the more aerosols are released and the fan capacity may increase, in which case additional noise from equipment such as the fan unit, for example, is no longer perceived as disturbing. When one or more people are sitting quietly in the space, the ventilation capacity decreases because it needs to be quiet for concentrated work, but few aerosols are released.

[0066] According to another aspect, a building is described that includes a number of spaces and the filter system described above. The filter system includes at least one additional fan unit and a central ventilation facility (primary ventilation facility) having a ventilation outlet to a corresponding space, respectively. The unit is configured to control the other fan unit, and the control unit controls the filter device and / or the central ventilation facility based on the space state and / or the filter state.

[0067] In summary, interactions between secondary ventilation devices such as filter devices can be provided, particularly by the control unit, and can be provided to optimize energy consumption, aerosol depletion, operating costs, or the CO2 footprint of the filter system. Based on that

[0068] Instead of determining a recommendation for filter replacement based solely on filter clogging or operating time, taking environmental protection into account, the solution according to the present invention can provide this.

[0069] The control of the secondary ventilation or the filter device using the control unit can take into account local system loads and local noise emissions such that, despite a high level of air purification, the noise level is reduced by communication with other filter devices (e.g., another filter device or a primary filter unit) of the filter system. By the control unit and by the separate local arrangement with the sensor unit and another sensor element, visualization of the air load according to the location within the space can be made possible based on a combination of measured values of the air parameters of the secondary / primary ventilation device.

[0070] The present invention communicates, for example, with other filter devices (other primary and secondary filter facilities, display systems, control devices), provides information electronically or visually based on measurement data regarding air and filter loads, proposes measures, or automatically executes measures, for example, regarding secondary filter devices.

[0071] Typically, a secondary ventilation device only indicates air parameters or filter device parameters. When such a plurality of filter devices interact, according to the present invention, here, between the filter devices and / or connected to the primary filter device to form a network, whereby, in particular, automatic optimization can be performed. In other words, according to the present invention, a filter system is provided that open-loop controls (steuern), closed-loop controls (regeln), or visualizes distributed filter devices (secondary filter devices) in (especially in the interaction with the primary) filter devices (especially of different types) in mutual connection.

[0072] Therefore, according to the present invention, a plurality of filter devices for air purification are coordinated. These can be a primary filter device and a secondary filter device, and at least one (secondary) filter device can provide accurate measurement data regarding air parameters such as, for example, the quality of the air in a particular location area in space or one or more additional measurement values, especially accurately for one location area. This is particularly advantageous when it is necessary to determine which ventilation measures (possibly automatically) are preferred within a partitioned area. According to the present invention, various ventilation measures can be taken to achieve the following goals, which are, for example, - Depletion of aerosols to a certain level - CO2 reduction - Energy optimization of individual filter devices or the entire filter system - Reduction of the CO2 footprint of the filter system - Recommendation for filter replacement - Temporary energy optimization (e.g., in cooperation with demand-side management regarding electrical energy supply), especially for maximum load, maximum energy consumption, band energy, charging and recovery of e-mobiles in buildings, etc. - Reduction of interfering noise - Adjustment of the ventilation capacity according to the noise level in the space - Optimization of the operating parameters of the filter device considering the gray energy required or required for the installed hardware and consumables - In some cases, it is a weighting according to importance or a combination with prioritization of target values by setting one or more target ranges (recommendations for filter replacement based on details of exposure and CO footprint, minimum air quality, etc.).

[0073] The control unit can control the filter device so as to realize the following action options based on locally measured air parameters, that is,[[]] - Automatically "ventilate" more in the occupied conference room or space. If the filter device is installed as a secondary filter facility in the space, optimization can be optimized for a plurality of target values or air parameters.[[]] - The filter device as a primary filter system can be equipped with an integrated cooling facility (central air conditioning facility), and the capacity can be reduced by the control unit. On the other hand, another filter device is becoming increasingly active in the space as a secondary filter device. Thereby, energy is saved without degrading the air quality in the space (or vice versa if the secondary filter system is coolable).[[]] - When the outside air temperature is high, the room temperature can be made higher than the comfortable temperature in the space by supplying outside air to the filter device as a primary filter facility. This can be automatically addressed by throttling the primary filter device that supplies outside air, and the secondary filter device can be made increasingly active in the circulation mode in individual spaces (especially classrooms and / or conference rooms).[[]] - Realization of target setting (e.g., by a learning system) considering the stored historical measurement data of the sensor element (e.g., "when the first derivative of the CO2 level as an air parameter has a specific magnitude, immediately, an overly high CO2 level may be expected, whereby the control unit can start the preventive activation of the filter device, and in that case, while the load by CO2 in the space is high, an excessive maximum ventilation operation of the fan unit is not required, thus the noise level in the space is lowered).[[]] - When classrooms and / or meeting rooms are highly occupied, if the central ventilation facility is designed accordingly (with relatively large fans), it can operate with higher energy efficiency. Therefore, starting the primary filter device, such as the central filter facility (RLT), may be more energy-efficient than starting all secondary filter devices. - The control unit can permanently and continuously optimize the energy consumption and CO2 footprint, for example, in real time, by processing the data of the sensor elements. For example, due to the exponential increase in the pressure drop across the filter element caused by the clogging of the filter within the filter life range, it may be advantageous to replace the filter element before "end of life". Filter replacement before the rapid increase in differential pressure within the life period of the filter element, according to the requirements of energy cost or the CO2 footprint of the filter system, can include cost improvement or result improvement.

[0074] The filter system according to the present invention includes an embodiment where, for example, when the fan capacity is increased or decreased by the control unit by communicating the measured values of the air parameters or filter device parameters of these filter devices, only two secondary filter devices are arranged in a space (such as a meeting room). In particular, when there are multiple position-resolved measured values, the measurement display can be performed, for example, as a heat map. This also makes it possible to back-infer local emission sources such as fine dust.

[0075] It should be noted that the embodiments described herein merely show a limited selection of possible variant embodiments of the present invention. Therefore, it should be possible to combine the features of the individual embodiments in a suitable manner, and thereby a number of different embodiments should be considered to be clearly disclosed to those skilled in the art by the explicit variant embodiments herein. In particular, some embodiments of the present invention are described in apparatus claims, and other embodiments of the present invention are described in method claims. However, it will be immediately apparent to those skilled in the art that, upon reading this application, any combination of features belonging to different types of inventive subject matter is possible, in addition to combinations of features belonging to one type of inventive subject matter, unless otherwise specifically stated.

[0076] For a further description and better understanding of the present invention, exemplary embodiments will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Brief Description of the Drawings

[0077]

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

Figure 5

Figure 6

Modes for Carrying Out the Invention

[0078] The same or similar components in different figures are labeled with the same reference numerals. The illustrations in the figures are schematic.

[0079] Figure 1 shows a space 151 of a building 150 equipped with a filter system 100 for filtering air 101 within the space 151. The filter system 100 has a filter device 110 including a fan unit 111 and a filter element 112 that can be installed within the space 151, and the air 101 to be filtered can flow through the filter element 112 for filtration by the fan unit 111. The filter device 110 has a sensor element 113 for determining at least one filter device parameter including at least one air parameter of the air 101 filtered by the filter device 110 or an operating parameter of the filter device 110. Further, the filter system 100 has another sensor element 121 that can be installed at a distance from the filter device 110 and is designed to determine at least one other air parameter of the air 101 by this other sensor element 121. The filter device 110 further has a control unit 130 that is coupled to the filter device 110 and the other sensor element 121 and is configured to determine at least one space state or filter state based on the filter device parameter and the other air parameter.

[0080] In the exemplary embodiment shown in Figure 1, the filter system 100 has a filter device 110 that is designed in particular as a secondary filter facility and is arranged at a distance within the space 151. The filter device 110 is accordingly arranged at a specific location within the space 151 and is designed, for example, as a mobile filter device 110.

[0081] Each filter device (100) has, for example, a housing, and one filter element 112 is arranged within the housing, or a plurality of filter elements 112 are arranged in series along the flow direction of the air 101 passing through the filter device (100), or in parallel with respect to the flow direction. The filter element 112 can be designed to be replaceable.

[0082] The fan unit 111 of each filter device 110 sucks in the air 101 to be filtered, in particular, into the filter device 110, whereby the air 101 flows through the filter element 112.

[0083] The sensor element 113 of each filter device 100 is configured to determine at least one filter device parameter consisting of air parameters (e.g., CO content, CO2 content, relative humidity, air pressure, O2 content) of the air 101 filtered by the filter device and / or operating parameters (e.g., power consumption, air throughput, volume, etc.) of the filter device 110. In that case, the sensor element 113 can be arranged upstream of the filter element 112 to measure the air parameters before filtration. Additionally or alternatively, the sensor element 113 can be arranged downstream of the filter element 112 to measure the air parameters after filtration.

[0084] Thus, another sensor element 121 can be designed in the same way as the above-mentioned sensor element 113. The other sensor element 121 can be installed, in particular, at a distance from the secondary filter device 110 and is designed to determine at least one other air parameter (e.g., CO content, CO2 content, relative air humidity, air pressure, O2 content) of the air 101.

[0085] For example, the space 151 has an air inlet and / or an air outlet as part of a primary filter device, for example, a central filter facility. Another sensor element 121 can be arranged in the part 140 of the primary filter device or can be part of another secondary filter device, and accordingly, the air parameters are measured.

[0086] Furthermore, the filter device 110 or the filter system 100 has a control unit 130, which is coupled to the filter device 110 and another sensor element 121, and is configured to determine at least one spatial state (e.g., CO2 spatial distribution, foreign matter components, human occupancy (presence / absence of people, distribution of people in the space, noise level in the space, etc.), or filter state (e.g., filter clogging state, information regarding the need for filter replacement, information regarding the need for fan maintenance) and filter device parameters (i.e., air parameters of the air 101 filtered by the filter device 110 or operating parameters of the filter device 110).

[0087] Based on the spatial separation between the sensor element 113 and another sensor element 121, for example, the local distribution of the concentration of air parameters can be confirmed. Based on this, the control unit 130 can create, for example, a statement regarding the spatial grouping of people or a statement regarding the presence and local presence of a hazard source.

[0088] In the exemplary embodiment of FIG. 1, the control unit 130 is arranged at a central location in the building 150. The control unit 130 is designed to control each fan unit 111 of the filter device 110. Furthermore, the control unit 130 is coupled to the primary filter facility 140 of the building 150 and controls the ventilation capacity or filter capacity of the primary filter facility 140.

[0089] With the filter system 100 according to the present invention and the separate sensor measurements of the sensor element 113 and another sensor element 121, based on the filter device parameters of the filter device 110 and other air parameters obtained thereby, a spatial state or a filter state can be determined, whereby new information for controlling the entire system including the primary filter facility 140 and the filter device 110 is newly acquired.

[0090] These measured values of the sensor elements 113, 121 and the control signals of the filter devices 110, 140 can be transmitted wirelessly or by wire between the control units 130.

[0091] The control unit can use the sensor data of the sensor elements 113, 121 to determine a space state selected from the group consisting of the CO2 distribution or foreign matter distribution in the space 151, the presence of people in the space 151, and the occupancy of people in the space 151, the noise level in the space 151, the distribution of people in the space 151, a source of danger, in particular the presence and / or location of a fire, the aerosol concentration, the fine dust concentration and / or the virus concentration in the space 151.

[0092] The control unit 130 has a display element 131 for displaying the space state and / or the filter state. The display element 131 can consist of an optical display element, such as an LED, which displays the space state or the filter state, for example, by a specific color tone.

[0093] The control unit 130 can also control the central ventilation facility 140 to adjust the desired air parameters, for example, together with the local filter device 110 provided in the space, based on the measured air parameters. The corresponding air parameters can be measured at a plurality of locations in the space 151, especially to include the entire space 151 as the effective range of the measurement area. Therefore, a reliable statement regarding the exceedance of the individual limit values of the air parameters in the space 151 can be made.

[0094] The control unit 130 is correspondingly configured to determine the position data of the filter device 110 and / or another sensor element 121 (or the central ventilation device 140) (for example, by using a GPS sensor or by specifying the position of the corresponding connection point (socket) of the central ventilation facility 140 in the space 151), and / or to take into account pre-configured position data.

[0095] The control unit 130 can control the filter device 110 and the central ventilation facility 140. For example, a plurality of local (mobile) secondary filter devices 110 can be installed in the space 151, and additionally, another filter device can be provided in the space 151 as a part 140 of the primary central ventilation facility. Based on the corresponding measured position-related air parameters, the control unit 130 can control all filter devices, that is, both the secondary filter device 110 and the primary filter device 140.

[0096] The corresponding filter device 110 has a metering device 114 set to measure the filter clogging of the filter element 112 and, in particular, to compensate for the distortion of the measured value due to the pressure of the air flowing through the filter device 110. Using a corresponding additional mechanism, it is possible to achieve compensation for the distortion of the measured value due to the pressure of the air resistance during the operation of the filter device 110. This also enables the confirmation of a high filter clogging of the filter element 112 in the operating mode of the filter device at a low volume flow rate that does not cause differential pressure monitoring of the filter element 112 in normal filter monitoring.

[0097] The filter system 100 further has a data storage unit 132 coupled to exchange data with the control unit 130, each filter device 110, and another sensor element 121.

[0098] Figure 2 shows a schematic view of a building 150 having two spaces 151 and a filter system 100 according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. The filter system 100 in FIG. 2 has the same features as the filter system 100 in FIG. 1, and the control unit 130 receives measurement values from the sensor elements 113, 121 in the space 151 and corresponding measurement values from the sensor elements 113, 121 in another space 151. Therefore, air parameters from a plurality of spaces 151 in the building 150 can be checked or measured. For example, when the CO2 content in the space 151 increases compared to another space 151, for example, the occupancy of people in the space 151 can be confirmed. Therefore, for example, in order to generate a desired space state in the space 151, the primary ventilation system 140 (for example, central ventilation equipment) or the individual filter device 110 in one of the spaces 151 can be controlled. By knowing the occupancy of the space 151 by comparing the CO2 values of the corresponding space 151, furthermore, the digital occupancy plan of the space 151 can be controlled by the control unit 130.

[0099] Therefore, the building 150 can have a large number of spaces 151 and the filter system 100 described above. The filter system 100 has a central ventilation facility 140 (primary ventilation device) including at least one other fan unit and a ventilation outlet in the corresponding space 151. The control unit 130 is configured to control another fan unit, and the control unit 130 controls the filter device 110 and / or the central ventilation facility 140 based on the space state and / or the filter state.

[0100] Figure 3 shows a schematic view of the aerosol distribution in the space 151 of a building 150 equipped with a filter system 100 according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

[0101] Based on the spatial separation between the sensor element 113 and another sensor element 121, for example, the local distribution of the concentration of air parameters can be confirmed. Based on this, the control unit 130 can create, for example, a statement about the spatial grouping of people, or a statement about the presence and local presence of a hazard source. In the illustrated example, the aerosol concentration 302 is represented as an air parameter. In the first spatial region I where the conference table 301 is arranged, the density of people is relatively high, while there are no people in the second spatial region II. The density of people in the first spatial region I is confirmed by measuring the aerosol concentration using the sensor element 113 and another sensor element 121. In that case, the filter device 110 needs to be provided in the first spatial region I itself. Based on the position data of the filter device 110, it is known that this is closer to the first spatial region I than another sensor 121, for example, located in a part 140 of the central filter facility. Further, for example, it is known that the filter device 110 sucks in the air 101 from a specific suction direction facing the first spatial region I. Based on these parameters and data, the control unit 130 can confirm the corresponding distribution of the aerosol concentration 302 in the space 151.

[0102] Furthermore, the display element 131 can form a graphic display, especially a touch-sensitive display (touch display). An image of the space 151 is displayed on the graphic display, showing the corresponding spatial regions I, II where a specific spatial state or filter state exists. For example, the spatial region I with a high aerosol load and another spatial region II with a lower aerosol load can be graphically displayed.

[0103] Therefore, the control unit 130 can display the spatial state of the space 151 according to the location based on the measured air parameters of the corresponding filter devices 110, 140. For example, a spatial map that accurately creates the individual concentrations of the selected air parameters can be created. Based on this, the control unit 130 individually controls the individual filter devices 110, 140 to adjust the desired concentration of the air parameters in the space 151 based on the filter capacity.

[0104] In FIG. 3, by way of example, an aerosol distribution is used as the air parameter. According to the present invention, a number of other air parameters can be used, which can be graphically displayed according to the location by the control unit 130, and based on this, the filter devices 110, 140 can be controlled.

[0105] FIG. 4 shows a schematic view of a filter element 112 having a manometer 402 as sensor elements 113, 121 according to an exemplary embodiment. The manometer 402 is designed to be able to measure the upstream static pressure in front of the filter element 112 and the downstream static and dynamic pressures on the exhaust side behind the filter element 112. When the velocity of the air flow is high enough, the differential pressure p1 - p2 between the normal pressure tap (pressure p1) upstream of the filter element 112 and the downstream manometer tube (or Pitot tube) (pressure p2) behind the filter element 112 can be measured. Since the pressure in the Pitot tube is given by the sum of the static pressure and the dynamic pressure, it is higher than that at the normal pressure tap in front of the filter element 112. This configuration causes a reverse or negative differential pressure to occur on the filter element 112 and enables detection of clogging in the supply line or valve failure.

[0106] FIG. 5 shows a schematic view of a filter material for the filter element 112 according to an exemplary embodiment. The filter element 112 particularly has a plurality of filter layers arranged before and after in the flow direction of the air 101 passing through the filter element 112. In particular, the first filter layer facing the supply air side filters coarser than at least one of the second filter layers following the first filter layer in the flow direction. Thus, initially coarser particles can be filtered, while smaller particles can flow through the first layer and be filtered and separated by the finer layers only later.

[0107] The filter body 112 has at least two nonwoven layers 501, 503 and a filter membrane 502 arranged between the nonwoven layers 501, 503. These layers are stacked in the third direction z and arranged in layers as a layer composite. In particular, the filter membrane 502 in the middle of the layer composite has a larger surface area than the nonwoven layers 501, 503 on both outer sides. The middle filter membrane 502 has corrugated portions arranged before and after along the first direction x.

[0108] In other words, on the supply air side, a coarse cover nonwoven fabric particularly arranged in a corrugated shape on the supply air side of the filter membrane 502 can be provided as the outer nonwoven layer 503. On the exhaust side, a coarse cover nonwoven fabric can also be arranged as the nonwoven layer 501 on the exhaust side of the filter membrane 502. In that case, the outer nonwoven layer 503 on the supply air side has a more corrugated waveform than the outer nonwoven layer 501 on the exhaust side. In that case, the filter membrane 502 has a large corrugated waveform and is thus designed to filter strongly. The intermediate region between the outer nonwoven layers 501, 503 and the waves of the filter membrane 502 can be filled with a film material to achieve higher stability.

[0109] FIG. 6 shows a schematic view of the waveform of the filter element 112 according to an exemplary embodiment.

[0110] The waveform portions extend irregularly and asymmetrically with respect to each other, particularly in a plane. The filter element 112 is arranged such that air 101 can flow over the filter element 112 along a first direction x or along a second direction y. For example, the x - direction is the direction from which the air of the air 101 comes, and the wave portions extend along the second direction y transversely with respect to the first direction x. The waveform arrangement and the asymmetry of the wave shape can be utilized for vibration damping.

[0111] Supplementally, it is noted that "comprising" does not exclude other elements or steps, nor does the singular form exclude the plural. Further, it is noted that features or steps described with reference to one of the above - exemplified embodiments can also be used in combination with other features or steps of the other above - exemplified embodiments. The reference signs in the claims should not be regarded as limiting. (Other possible items) (Item 1) A filter system (100) for filtering air (101) in a space (151) of a building (150), wherein the filter system (100) has a fan unit (111) and a filter element (112), and is a filter device (110) installable in the space (151), the air (101) to be filtered can flow through the filter element (112) by the fan unit (111) for filtering, a filter device (110) having a sensor element (113) for determining at least one filter device parameter including at least one air parameter of the air (101) filtered by the filter device (110) or an operating parameter of the filter device (110), and another sensor element (121) installable at a distance from the filter device (110) and designed to determine at least one other air parameter. A control unit (130) coupled to the filter device (110) and the other sensor element (121) and configured to determine at least one spatial state or filter state based on the filter device parameters and the other air parameters. A filter system comprising. (Item 2) At least the air parameter or the other air parameter is selected from the group consisting of CO content, CO2 content, relative air humidity, atmospheric pressure, oxygen content, air flow rate, foreign component including foreign particles, especially fine dust content, particle size of foreign particles, especially diameter of foreign particles, type of foreign particles, dew point, and air temperature. The filter system (100) according to item 1. (Item 3) At least the operating parameters of the filter device (110) are selected from the group consisting of power consumption of the filter device (110), air throughput passing through the filter element (112), volume of the fan unit (111), flow volume of the flowing air (101) and temperature of the fan unit (111), and pressure drop of the air (101) flowing through the filter element (112). The filter system (100) according to item 1 or 2. (Item 4) The control unit (130) is configured to determine at least the spatial state, and the spatial state is selected from the group consisting of CO2 distribution in the space (151), presence of people in the space (151), occupancy of people in the space (151), distribution of people in the space (151), noise level in the space (151), source of danger in the space (151), especially presence and / or position of a fire source, aerosol concentration, fine dust concentration and / or virus concentration. The filter system (100) according to any one of items 1 to 3. (Item 5) The control unit (130) is configured to determine a filter state selected at least from the group consisting of filter clogging of the filter element (112), filter replacement information, and fan maintenance information. The filter system (100) according to any one of items 1 to 4. (Item 6) The control unit (130) has a display element (131) for displaying the spatial state and / or the filter state. The filter system (100) according to any one of items 1 to 5. (Item 7) The other additional sensor element (121) is arranged in the same space (151) as the filter device (110). The filter system (100) according to any one of items 1 to 6. (Item 8) The other sensor element (121) is arranged in a space (151) different from the filter device (110). The filter system (100) according to any one of items 1 to 7. (Item 9) It further includes another filter device (110) spaced apart from the filter device (110) within the space (151), and the other filter device (110) further has the other sensor element (121). The filter system (100) according to any one of items 1 to 8. (Item 10) The other filter device (110) has another filter element (112). The other filter device (110) is, in particular, part of the central filter facility of the housing (150), or The other filter device (110) has another fan unit (111) and is designed to be movable in particular. The filter system (100) according to item 9. (Item 11) The control unit (130) is configured to determine the position data of the filter device (110) and / or the other sensor element (121), and / or to take into account pre-configured position data. The filter system (100) according to any one of items 1 to 10. (Item 12) Based on the position data, the control unit (130) is designed to create local distribution images of a thermal image map, gas concentration, particularly CO2 concentration distribution or O2 concentration distribution, human distribution, change in noise level, aerosol distribution, humidity distribution, virus distribution, and fine dust concentration distribution. The filter system (100) according to item 11. (Item 13) Based on the spatial state and / or the filter state, the control unit (130) is configured to control the filter device (110), particularly the fan unit (111). The filter system (100) according to any one of items 1 to 12. (Item 14) The control unit (130) is configured to variably control the filter device (110), particularly the fan unit (111), so that the suction area of the space moves due to the change, and particularly to determine the spatial state including the influence of the change of the suction area in the determination. The filter system (100) according to item 13. (Item 15) The control unit (130) is configured to variably control the filter device (110), particularly the fan unit (111), so as to be able to consider future energy availability and / or the current and / or future energy consumption of the filter system (100) and / or the building (150). Based on future energy availability and / or the current and / or future energy consumption of the filter system and / or the building (150), the control unit (130) performs open-loop control and / or closed-loop control of the filter device (110) within a set range automatically or partially automatically using a consensus function. The filter system (100) according to any one of items 1 to 14. (Item 16) The filter element (112) is designed such that the pressure drop of the air (101) flowing through the filter element (112) is less than 450 Pa, particularly less than 250 Pa, and even more particularly less than 150 Pa. The filter system (100) according to any one of items 1 to 15. (Item 17) The filter device (110) has an air volume per hour and per square meter of filter area less than 600 m 3 / (m 2 xh), particularly less than 140 m 3 / (m 2 xh), less than 85 m 3 / (m 2 xh), or less than 50 m 3 / (m 2 xh) and / or is configured such that the volume flow rate of the air (101) passing through the filter device (110) is in the range of 0.1 to 5 m / s, particularly in the range of 0.2 m / s to 3.4 m / s, and even more particularly in the range of 0.3 m / s to 2.8 m / s. The filter system (100) according to any one of items 1 to 16. (Item 18) (Item 18) The control unit (130) is arranged separately from the filter device (110) and the other sensor element (121). The filter system (100) according to any one of items 1 to 17. (Item 19) The control unit (130) is configured to determine the energy consumption of the filter device (110) based on the determined spatial state and / or the determined filter state, and / or The control unit (130) is configured to determine the control data of the filter device (110), particularly the fan unit (111), based on the determined spatial state and / or the determined filter state, and display the control data to the user, and / or automatically control at least one filter device (110), preferably a plurality, particularly all filter devices (110), using the control data. The filter system (100) according to any one of items 1 to 18. (Item 20) The control unit (130) is configured to analyze the spatial state based on the determined fine dust as an air parameter, in particular based on the generation frequency of fine dust, in particular the diameter class of fine dust and / or the frequency of the composition of the fine dust, in particular in real time. The filter system (100) according to any one of items 1 to 19. (Item 21) The control unit (130) is coupled to the filter device (110) and / or the another sensor element (121) for wireless signal exchange of sensor signals or control commands. The filter device (110) makes filter - related data available to the control unit (130), in particular using the protocols of RFID, NFC, Bluetooth, WLAN or building management technology. The control unit (130) is configured to be able to generate warning signals based on filter - related data and / or to take measures regarding the throughput of the filter device (110). The filter system (100) according to any one of items 1 to 20. (Item 22) The control unit (130) obtains a unique ID from the filter device (110), and the unique ID has information regarding the usage location of the filter device (110). The control device receives the unique ID via NFC, Bluetooth, WLAN, a proprietary protocol, or the protocol of a building management system, in particular LON or EIB. Based on the unique ID, the operation and / or configuration of the filter device (110) can be adjusted. The filter system (100) according to any one of items 1 to 21. (Item 23) The filter element (112) has a filter material including a single layer of non - woven fabric, in particular a plurality of layers of non - woven fabric. The filter element (112) can be disposed replaceably within the filter device (110), in particular, the filter element (112) is a disposable filter. The filter system (100) according to any one of items 1 to 22. (Item 24) The filter element (112) has at least two nonwoven layers (151, 153) arranged in layers as a layer composite and a filter membrane (152) disposed between the nonwoven layers (151, 153), in particular, the filter membrane (152) in the middle of the layer composite has a larger surface area than the two outer nonwoven layers (151, 153). The filter system (100) according to item 23. (Item 25) The first direction (x) and the second direction (y) form a plane, the filter membrane (152) in the middle is formed in a wave shape such that the wave portions are arranged back and forth along the first direction (x), the wave portions extend irregularly and asymmetrically with respect to each other, particularly within the plane, the filter element (112) is arranged such that air (101) can flow along the first direction (x) or the second direction (y) over the filter element (112). The filter system (100) according to item 24. (Item 26) The filter element (112) has a thickness of 2 mm to 10 mm, particularly 3 mm to 7 mm, and / or the number of the wave portions is 0.5 to 3 waves per centimeter. The filter system (100) according to item 25. (Item 27) The filter element (112) has a filter material that is hydrophobic and / or contains natural fibers or polyolefins, particularly polypropylene, and in particular, the filter contains cellulose, cotton, and / or hemp. The filter system (100) according to any one of items 1 to 26. (Item 28) The filter device (110) has a measuring device (114) configured to measure the filter clogging of the filter element (111), and in particular to compensate for the distortion of the measured value due to the pressure of the air (101) flowing through the filter device (110). The filter system (100) according to any one of items 1 to 27. (Item 29) The filter device (110) has an electrical supply unit, and the electrical supply unit is configured to obtain the energy used to operate the sensor element (113, 121) and / or the filter device (110) by using the air flow through the filter device (110) and / or by electromagnetic waves. The filter system (100) according to any one of items 1 to 28. (Item 30) Furthermore, a data storage unit (132) coupled to the control unit (130), the filter device (110), and another sensor element (121) is provided for exchanging data. In particular, the data can be protected by a certificate and / or encryption. In particular, the data is a measured value selected from the group consisting of the air throughput passing through the filter device (110), the air temperature, the air pressure, in particular the absolute pressure and / or the differential pressure, the filter clogging of the filter element (112), the air humidity, the aerosol load, the PM content and / or the foreign component of the air, and the measurement location of the air measurement. The filter system (100) according to any one of items 1 to 29. (Item 31) The sensor element (113) is a dynamic pressure gauge (402), and in particular is designed to measure the static pressure upstream of the filter element (112) and the static and dynamic pressures downstream of the filter element (112), and / or The sensor element (113) has a microphone, and the microphone is configured to detect the noise level in the space (151) so that the number and concentration of people speaking in the space can be determined by measuring and evaluating the noise level in the space (151). The filter system (100) according to any one of items 1 to 30. (Item 32) A building (150), a plurality of spaces (151), and the filter system (100) according to any one of items 1 to 31, wherein the filter system (100) includes at least one other fan unit (111) and a central ventilation facility having a ventilation outlet to a corresponding space (151) respectively, the control unit (130) is configured to control the other fan unit (111), and the control unit (130) controls the filter device (110) and / or the central ventilation facility based on the space state and / or the filter state. A building. (Item 33) A method for filtering the air (101) in a space (151) of a building (150) using the filter system (100) according to any one of items 1 to 31.

Description of symbols

[0112] 100 Filter system 101 Air 110 Secondary filter device 111 Fan unit 112 Filter element 113 Sensor element 114 Measuring device 121 Another sensor element 130 Control unit 131 Display element 132 Data storage unit 140 Primary filter device 150 Building 151 Space 301 Conference Table 302 Aerosol Concentration 402 Dynamic Pressure Gauge 501 Outer Nonwoven Fabric Layer 502 Filter Membrane 503 Outer Nonwoven Fabric Layer x First Direction y Second Direction z Third Direction I First Spatial Region II Second Spatial Region

Claims

1. A filter system for filtering air within a space of a building, wherein the filter system comprises a fan unit and a filter element, and is a filter device installable within the space, the air to be filtered can flow through the filter element by the fan unit for filtering, a filter device having a sensor element for determining at least one filter device parameter including at least one air parameter of the air filtered by the filter device or an operating parameter of the filter device; another sensor element installable at a distance from the filter device and designed to determine at least one other air parameter; a control unit coupled to the filter device and the another sensor element and configured to determine at least one space state or filter state based on the filter device parameter and the another air parameter; A filter system comprising the above.

2. At least the air parameter or the another air parameter is selected from the group consisting of CO content, CO2 content, relative air humidity, air pressure, oxygen content, air flow velocity, foreign component including foreign particles, particularly fine dust content, particle size of foreign particles, particularly diameter of foreign particles, type of foreign particles, dew point, and air temperature. The filter system according to Claim 1.

3. At least the operating parameter of the filter device is selected from the group consisting of power consumption of the filter device, air throughput passing through the filter element, volume of the fan unit, flow volume of the flowing air and temperature of the fan unit, and pressure drop of the air flowing through the filter element. The filter system according to Claim 1.

4. The control unit is configured to determine at least the space state, and the space state is selected from the group consisting of CO2 distribution within the space, presence of people within the space, occupancy of people within the space, distribution of people within the space, noise level within the space, source of danger within the space, particularly presence and / or position of a fire source, aerosol concentration, fine dust concentration and / or virus concentration. The filter system according to Claim 1.

5. The control unit is configured to determine at least a filter state selected from the group consisting of filter clogging of the filter element, filter replacement information, and maintenance information of the fan. The filter system according to claim 1.

6. The control unit has a display element for displaying the spatial state and / or the filter state. The filter system according to claim 1.

7. The another further sensor element is arranged in the same space as the filter device. The filter system according to claim 1.

8. The another sensor element is arranged in a space different from the filter device. The filter system according to claim 1.

9. The filter system further includes another filter device spaced from the filter device in the space, and the another filter device further has the another sensor element. The filter system according to claim 1.

10. The another filter device has another filter element. The another filter device is, in particular, part of a central filter facility of the housing, or The another filter device has another fan unit and is designed to be movable in particular. The filter system according to claim 9.

11. The control unit is configured to determine the position data of the filter device and / or the another sensor element and / or to take into account preconfigured position data. The filter system according to claim 1.

12. The control unit is designed to create a local distribution image of a thermal image map, gas concentration, in particular CO2 concentration distribution or O2 concentration distribution, human distribution, change in noise level, aerosol distribution, humidity distribution, virus distribution, fine dust concentration distribution based on the position data. The filter system according to claim 11.

13. The control unit is configured to control the filter device, in particular the fan unit, based on the spatial state and / or the filter state. The filter system according to claim 1.

14. The control unit is configured to variably control the filter device, in particular the fan unit, such that the suction area of the space moves due to the change, and in particular to determine the spatial state including the influence of the change in the suction area in the determination. The filter system according to claim 13.

15. The control unit is configured to variably control the filter device, in particular the fan unit, so as to be able to take into account future energy availability and / or the filter system and / or the current and / or future energy consumption of the building. The control unit performs open-loop control and / or closed-loop control within a set range automatically or partly automatically using a consensus function for the filter device based on future energy availability and / or the filter system and / or the current and / or future energy consumption of the building. The filter system according to claim 1.

16. The filter element is designed such that the pressure drop of the air flowing through the filter element is less than 450 Pa, particularly less than 250 Pa, and more particularly less than 150 Pa. The filter system according to claim 1.

17. The filter device is configured such that the air volume per hour and per square meter of the filter area is less than 600 m ３ / (m ２ ×h), particularly less than 140 m ３ / (m ２ ×h), less than 85 m ３ / (m ２ ×h), or less than 50 m ３ / (m ２ ×h), and / or The velocity of the volumetric flow of the air through the filter device is in the range of 0.1 to 5 m / s, particularly in the range of 0.2 m / s to 3.4 m / s, and more particularly in the range of 0.3 m / s to 2.8 m / s. The filter system according to claim 1.

18. The control unit is arranged separately from the filter device and the other sensor elements. The filter system according to claim 1.

19. The control unit is configured to determine the energy consumption of the filter device based on the determined spatial state and / or the determined filter state, and / or The control unit is configured to determine the control data of the filter device, particularly the fan unit, based on the determined spatial state and / or the determined filter state, and to display the control data to the user, and / or to automatically control at least one filter device, preferably a plurality of, particularly all filter devices using the control data. The filter system according to claim 1.

20. The control unit is configured to analyze the spatial state, in particular in real time, based on the determined fine dust as an air parameter, particularly based on the frequency of occurrence of fine dust, particularly the diameter class of the fine dust and / or the frequency of the composition of the fine dust. The filter system according to claim 1.

21. The control unit is coupled to the filter device and / or the other sensor element for wireless signal exchange of sensor signals or control commands. The filter device makes filter-related data available to the control unit, in particular using protocols of RFID, NFC, Bluetooth, WLAN or building management technology, and the control unit is configured to be able to generate warning signals based on the filter-related data and / or to take measures regarding the throughput of the filter device. The filter system according to claim 1.

22. The control unit obtains a unique ID from the filter device, and the unique ID has information regarding the location where the filter device is used. The control unit receives the unique ID via NFC, Bluetooth, WLAN, a proprietary protocol, or a protocol of a building management system, in particular LON or EIB. Based on the unique ID, the operation and / or configuration of the filter device can be adjusted. The filter system according to claim 1.

23. The filter element has a filter material including a single layer of non-woven fabric, in particular a multi-layer non-woven fabric. The filter element can be arranged replaceably within the filter device. In particular, the filter element is a disposable filter. The filter system according to claim 1.

24. The filter element has at least two non-woven fabric layers arranged in a layered manner as a layer composite and a filter membrane arranged between the non-woven fabric layers. In particular, the filter membrane in the middle of the layer composite has a larger surface area than the two outer non-woven fabric layers. The filter system according to claim 23.

25. A first direction and a second direction form a plane. The filter membrane in the middle is formed in a waveform such that the waveform portions are arranged back and forth along the first direction. The waveform portions extend irregularly and asymmetrically with respect to each other, in particular within the plane. The filter element is arranged such that air can flow along the first direction or the second direction over the filter element. The filter system according to claim 24.

26. The filter element has a thickness of 2 mm to 10 mm, in particular 3 mm to 7 mm, and / or The number of the waveform parts is 0.5 to 3 waves per centimeter. The filter system according to claim 25. **Claim 27** The filter element has a filter material that is hydrophobic and / or contains natural fibers or polyolefins, in particular polypropylene. In particular, the filter material contains cellulose, cotton, and / or hemp. The filter system according to claim 1. **Claim 28** The filter device has a measuring device that is set to measure the filter clogging of the filter element, in particular so that distortion of the measured value due to the pressure of the air flowing through the filter device can be compensated. The filter system according to claim 1. **Claim 29** The filter device has an electrical supply unit that is configured to obtain the energy used to operate the sensor element and / or the filter device, in particular by using the air flow through the filter device and / or by electromagnetic waves. The filter system according to claim 1. **Claim 30** Furthermore, a data storage unit coupled to a control unit, a filter device, and another sensor element is provided for exchanging data. In particular, the data can be protected by a certificate and / or encryption. In particular, the data is a measured value selected from the group consisting of the air throughput passing through the filter device, the air temperature, the air pressure, in particular the absolute pressure and / or the differential pressure, the filter clogging of the filter element, the air humidity, the aerosol load, the PM content of the air and / or the foreign matter components, and the measurement location of the air measurement. The filter system according to claim 1. **Claim 31** The sensor element is a dynamic pressure gauge, and is designed to be able to measure the static pressure upstream of the filter element and the static and dynamic pressures downstream of the filter element, and / or The sensor element has a microphone that is configured to detect the noise level in the space so that the number and concentration of people speaking in the space can be determined by measuring and evaluating the noise level in the space. The filter system according to claim 1. **Claim 32** A building, having a plurality of spaces, and the filter system according to any one of claims 1 to 31, wherein the filter system includes at least one other fan unit and a central ventilation facility having a ventilation outlet to a corresponding space respectively. The control unit is configured to control the other fan unit. The building, wherein the control unit controls the filter device and / or the central ventilation facility based on a space state and / or a filter state. **Claim 33** A method for filtering air in a space of a building using the filter system according to any one of claims 1 to 31.

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