Method and system for monitoring the performance of a winding spool in a reel section of a paper machine

Abstract

The present invention relates to a system (200) and a computer-implemented method for monitoring the performance of at least one winding spool (120) within a reel section (100) of a paper machine, by detecting a unique identification code ID associated with the winding spool (120) from a marker (130) on the winding spool (120), identifying the winding spool (120) based on the unique identification code ID, determining at least one winding spool performance parameter of the identified winding spool (120) based on measurements from at least one sensor (160), and determining whether there is a performance impairment of the identified winding spool (120) based on whether the determined at least one winding spool performance parameter meets a requirement indicating a performance impairment of the winding spool (120). The present invention further includes a computer program comprising software for executing the method, a non-volatile data carrier, and a paper machine comprising the system.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a method and system for monitoring the performance of at least one winding spool in a winding system in a part of a papermaking machine such as a reel section. Monitoring the performance of at least one winding spool similar to the present invention presented herein is also applicable when the winding spool is conveyed to a subsequent machine such as a winder, rewinder, or converter after the reel section, and may continue thereafter.

[0002] The term papermaking machine includes machines for manufacturing paper, paperboard, tissue, non-woven products, textiles, or any other suitable web material.

Background Art

[0003] A papermaking machine (or paper machine) is an industrial machine used in the pulp and paper industry for continuously manufacturing paper, paperboard, tissue, non-woven products, textiles, etc. in large quantities and at high speeds. A papermaking machine typically has several separate operating parts that may include a forming section, a press section, a drying section, a size press section, a sheet conveying section, and a reel section. They may also include, for example, a coating section for modifying surface properties by coating.

[0004] The present disclosure relates to a reel section where paper products exiting the sheet conveying section of a machine are wound onto individual rolls (parent rolls, master rolls) for further processing. The paper products are generally in a reel section wound onto a winding spool, such as a metal spool, a reel spool, a core shaft with a core attached, etc., using either a large cylinder generally called a reel drum or a reel belt. A constant nip pressure is maintained between the reel drum or reel belt and the winding spool, and the resulting friction can rotate the winding spool. The paper products travel over the upper surface of the reel drum or along the reel belt and are wound onto the core of the winding spool to create a parent roll or master roll.

[0005] Removing, adjusting, or maintaining a faulty or damaged take-up spool is important to avoid the take-up spool causing significant problems in the process, resulting in a reduced yield due to sub-optimal winding, the operator's time required to remove the take-up spool for maintenance, and / or costly downtime required to stop the process to identify and correct the problem.

[0006] The main way today to ensure that the removal, adjustment, or maintenance of a faulty or damaged take-up spool is performed in a timely manner is for the operator to stop the operation of the reel section when manufacturing problems are noticed, or to remove the take-up spool from the reel section during operation and manually evaluate the components of the reel section including the take-up spool by visual inspection. If the operator determines that there is a problem with the inspected take-up spool, the operator can initiate appropriate maintenance work. Of course, such costly process stops are not desirable. Furthermore, when the operator manually evaluates the take-up spool, the risk of error is high and the need for maintenance or replacement may be missed. There is also always a risk of injury associated with the operator manually interacting with the papermaking machine.

[0007] To assist the operator's visual inspection work, the take-up spools may be marked so that they can be distinguished from each other, for example, by using various symbols and colors on the brake drums of the take-up spools. However, to enable each of the markings, each of the identifications, and each of the maintenance operations, manufacturing must be stopped, which again leads to significant cost and time losses.

[0008] There is a need to improve the maintenance of the take-up spools in the reel section of the papermaking machine, reduce downtime, reduce the need for manual work, thus improving operator safety, improve the maintenance accuracy and extend the life of the reel take-up spools, and thus improve the performance of the reel section. Summary of the Invention

[0009] The object of the present invention is to solve or at least minimize the above-mentioned problems. This is achieved by a system and method for monitoring the performance of at least one take-up spool 120 within the reel section (100) of a paper machine according to the appended independent claims, a paper machine comprising this system, a computer program for executing this method, and a non-volatile data carrier containing this computer program.

[0010] As described herein, When an operator manually evaluates the take-up spool of the reel section, there is a high risk of error and the need for maintenance or replacement is lost. One cause of the error is that the operator makes an evaluation at a certain point in time without considering the change over time of the take-up spool. Thereby, the monitoring of the take-up spool in the reel section is greatly improved. Specifically, since both the need for manual work and the downtime of the paper machine are reduced, the embodiments herein lead to a reduction in the time and cost of maintenance of the take-up spool, the reel section, and thus the entire paper machine and paper mill. Advantageously, by reducing or eliminating manual monitoring using the embodiments described herein and replacing this with automatic monitoring, the accuracy of maintenance of the take-up spool of the reel section is further improved, thereby further improving the entire manufacturing process of the paper machine and paper mill. Due to the reduction in downtime due to both the reduction of manual operation and more accurate maintenance, the yield resulting from the manufacturing process becomes higher, contributing to the maximization of the utilization rate of the take-up spool, and also contributing to extending the lifespan of other machine parts that may be worn by a faulty take-up spool.

[0011] In a first aspect of the present invention, a system for monitoring the performance of at least one take-up spool in a reel section of a paper-making machine is provided. The system includes at least one take-up spool each having a respective marker comprising information regarding a unique identification code ID associated with the take-up spool, at least one detector configured to detect the respective marker on each take-up spool, the at least one detector being operably connected to the reel section and positioned during a take-up cycle of the at least one take-up spool, at least one sensor configured to determine a parameter indicative of the performance of the take-up spool, a memory, and a processing circuit communicably connected to the at least one detector, the at least one sensor, and the memory. Each of the at least one detector is configured to detect, for each of the at least one take-up spool, the unique identification code ID associated with the take-up spool from the respective marker on the take-up spool. The processing circuit is configured to identify, for each of the at least one take-up spool, the take-up spool based on the unique identification code ID, determine at least one take-up spool performance parameter of the take-up spool identified based on measurements from one or more of the at least one sensor, and determine whether there is a performance failure of the identified take-up spool based on whether the determined at least one take-up spool performance parameter meets a requirement indicating a performance failure of the take-up spool.

[0012] In a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a computer-implemented method for monitoring the performance of at least one take-up spool of a reel section of a papermaking machine, the reel section being operably connected to at least one detector configured to detect respective markers on each take-up spool, the at least one detector being positioned during a take-up cycle of the at least one take-up spool. The method includes, for each take-up spool, using at least one of the at least one detector to detect a unique identification code ID associated with the take-up spool from a marker on the take-up spool, using a processing circuit communicatively connected to the detector to identify the take-up spool based on the unique identification code ID, using the processing circuit to determine at least one take-up spool performance parameter of the identified take-up spool based on measurements from at least one sensor, and using the processing circuit to determine whether there is a performance fault of the identified take-up spool based on whether the determined at least one take-up spool performance parameter meets a requirement indicating a performance fault of the take-up spool.

[0013] The present invention further includes a papermaking machine comprising a monitoring system according to any of the embodiments described herein.

[0014] The present invention is further realized by a computer program loadable on a non-volatile data carrier communicatively connected to a processor, the computer program comprising software for executing a method according to any of the embodiments presented herein when the computer program is executed on the processor, and is further realized by a non-volatile data carrier including the computer program.

[0015] Accordingly, in all aspects of the present invention, the take-up spools are tracked for the purpose of evaluating the characteristics of each identified take-up spool itself without the need for additional work from the operator, and further, an automated solution is provided for using the knowledge obtained to draw conclusions regarding failed spools, necessary maintenance work, etc. Tracking of the indicators, as further described herein, improves the overall performance of the machine by identifying failed take-up spools and specifying the root causes, leading to better maintenance operations.

[0016] Further embodiments of the present invention are described in the detailed description related to the appended dependent claims and drawings. The advantages described in connection with the embodiments of one aspect of the present invention apply also to corresponding embodiments of any other aspect of the present invention described herein.

[0017] Many further benefits and advantages of the present invention will be readily understood by those skilled in the art upon consideration of the appended claims, drawings, and the following detailed description.

[0018] Reference is now made to the accompanying drawings to describe the present invention in more detail.

Brief Description of the Drawings

[0019]

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[0020] All figures are schematic and not necessarily to scale. Generally, only the parts necessary to clarify each embodiment are shown, and other parts may be omitted or merely suggested. Any reference numbers that appear in multiple drawings refer to the same object or feature throughout the drawings unless otherwise indicated.

[0021] Introduction The present invention evaluates at least one characteristic of each identified take-up spool and further uses the knowledge obtained to draw conclusions based on the at least one characteristic to detect a failed take-up spool and determine whether maintenance work is required, etc., for the purpose of tracking the take-up spools (which may also be called reel spools, core shafts, take-up shafts, spindles, etc.) in the reel section of a paper-making machine. Similar to the present invention presented herein, the monitoring of the performance of at least one take-up spool is also applicable or may continue in one or more subsequent machines such as a winder, a rewinder, and / or a converter when the take-up spool is conveyed to such a machine after the reel section. Also, in these subsequent machines, the individual take-up spools can be identified using the embodiments presented herein, conclusions can be drawn regarding the causes of deviations in the processing of the subsequent machines using the information stored regarding the performance parameters of the take-up spools, additional performance parameters can be determined by the processing circuits of the subsequent machines using a decision-making method similar to the embodiments described herein regarding the reel section, and when it is determined that the take-up spool has failed in any of the ways described herein, an alarm or notification to the operator can be generated, and / or automatic maintenance or removal of the take-up spool may be initiated.

[0022] The embodiments described herein enable the automatic tracking of key performance evaluation indicators without the need for additional work from the operator. The tracking of said indicators can improve the overall performance of the machine by identifying failed take-up spools and specifying the root causes, as described herein, leading to better maintenance operations.

[0023] One problem identified by the inventors using conventional solutions for identification using both automated and visual marking is that they are primarily connected to asset monitoring and management. An example of such related art can be found in U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 20210261374, which discloses a method for predicting the presence of product defects during an intermediate processing step of a thin product wound on a roll. According to U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 20210261374, a unique identification code is used for each roll of thin paper product and process and / or product parameters detected in the manufacturing step of the thin product wound on the roll upstream of the intermediate processing step related to the unique identification code. The stored product parameters are used to generate predictive diagnostic information for thin product defects based on the results of the comparison. U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 20210261374 does not disclose anything regarding identifying individual winding spools or evaluating the characteristics of individual winding spools for improving paper manufacturing.

[0024] Conventional solutions do not automatically identify individual winding spools in the winding cycle of the reel section. Further, there is no recording or monitoring of the key performance indicators of individual winding spools. Thus, in order to identify a failed winding spool or to detect that maintenance of an individual winding spool is required, an operator has to perform a manual evaluation. Another option is to perform maintenance or replacement of the winding spool at a predetermined time or interval. Of course, this results in maintenance or replacement being carried out on some winding spools that are still functioning properly, leading to waste of time, materials, and money, while other winding spools risk remaining in the winding cycle despite being faulty, leading to a decrease in yield and potentially damage to the reel section or other parts of the paper machine. Of course, each manual inspection also results in additional downtime.

[0025] As another specific example, conventional solutions cannot use and do not use information regarding the exact weight of individual take-up spools during winding in order to identify the individual take-up spools during operation. Instead, the average weight is used both during nip control in winding and during paper weighing. This results in sub-optimal winding performance and potential losses due to underestimation of the paper weight.

[0026] As realized by the inventors, there are several controls and measurements performed in the winding process that are related to the characteristics of the take-up spool and are improved when monitoring the characteristics of individual take-up spools using the embodiments described herein.

[0027] For example, in order to optimize the nip load control during winding, the weight of the take-up spool may be used in the calculation. Additionally or alternatively, the weight may also be used when calculating the weight of the paper on the parent roll. Thus, the actual weight of the individual take-up spools is used to optimize the winding performance and ensure that the paper weight is accurately calculated. Accordingly, the proposed system enables, in some embodiments, the use of the actual predetermined weight of the take-up spool in nip load control and paper weight calculation. This leads to an improvement in winding performance and a reduction in losses due to underestimation of the paper weight.

[0028] Definition As used herein, when two components are said to be operatively connected to each other, it is to be understood that the components are connected to each other such that a signal, movement, or force can be transmitted from one to the other. For example, the fact that a vibration sensor is operatively connected to a component of the reel section is to be understood as the component of the reel section being able to vibrate the vibration sensor and thus record the vibration of the component.

[0029] The terms "upstream" and "downstream" are used herein with respect to the direction of travel of a fabric or paper web in a paper machine. Thus, a location upstream of another location is a location through which any given point on the fabric or paper web passes before reaching the other. The terms "front" and "back" are used to indicate that any given point on the paper web passes through a position "front" of another before the other's position "back" at an earlier time.

[0030] A reel section, or simply a reel, is defined herein as the part of a paper machine that winds (takes up, winds onto) a paper product onto a winding spool to create a parent roll for later use in the paper product manufacturing process. A reel is typically used under high-speed conditions, for example, where the paper product comes from a paper machine or coater.

[0031] Winding is defined herein as taking up a sheet of a paper product onto a winding spool.

[0032] A winding spool is a metal roll onto which the web is wound during the winding operation. Herein, a winding spool may also be referred to as a reel spool, winding shaft, core shaft, spindle, etc.

[0033] A parent roll or master roll is defined herein as the product of a reel in the form of a roll of a paper product tightly wound around a cylindrical core on a winding spool. A parent roll undergoes additional processes or rewinding in a later stage of manufacturing.

[0034] A core is a cylindrical core around which a paper product is wound to manufacture a parent roll. The core is removed from the winding spool together with the paper product finished with the wound parent roll after winding or after take-up.

[0035] A core shaft is an expandable winding spool. This is expanded / contracted in an expansion / contraction station to hold or release the core of a paper product roll.

[0036] The terms "web" and "sheet" may be used interchangeably to refer to a continuous sheet of paper product coming from a paper machine or a parent roll.

[0037] Turn-up, as defined herein, is the process of switching the web from a substantially completed build parent roll to an empty take-up spool, or the first time the web is attached to the core of the take-up shaft at startup. A turn-up failure is understood to occur when the web breaks during the turn-up process.

[0038] System Architecture In a first aspect of the present invention, a system is provided for monitoring the performance of each of at least one take-up spool within the reel section of a paper machine, which will be described below in connection with FIGS. 1 and 2, and further FIGS. 5 and 6.

[0039] To enable the continuous operation of the paper machine, the reel section must be able to quickly switch from winding the completed parent roll to the empty take-up spool without stopping the flow of the paper product. To achieve this, each reel section has two or more take-up spools that rotate through the process in a so-called take-up cycle. In the context of the present disclosure, the take-up cycle of the take-up spool 120 starts when the take-up spool 120 is identified within the primary arm 102 and ends when the same take-up spool 120 is identified within the spool storage unit 101, or starts when the take-up spool 120 is identified within the spool storage unit 101 and ends when the take-up spool 120 is an expandable spool and, therefore, when passing through this station, the same take-up spool 120 is identified within the metering station 104 or the expansion / contraction station 105, whichever is the case. Typically, the expandable take-up spool 120 is returned to the spool storage unit 101, which is the end of the take-up cycle of this type of take-up spool 120, after contraction, removal of the parent roll, and expansion. Other types of take-up spools 120 are usually transported from the reel section 100 after the metering station 104, together with the parent roll wound thereon, to a subsequent machine such as a winder, rewinder, or converter for further processing. The take-up spool 120 transported to the subsequent machine may enter the spool storage unit of the reel section of the same or another paper machine again later. As described herein with reference to the drawings, the processing circuit 110 may be connected to the take-up spools described herein for a plurality of reel sections and may perform monitoring of the take-up spools. Accordingly, the processing circuit 110 may be configured to identify individual take-up spools 120 within the plurality of reel sections 100 in any of the ways described herein and update the number of take-up cycles each time the identified take-up spool 120 ends a take-up cycle in any of the plurality of reel sections 100 to which the processing circuit 110 is connected.

[0040] However, the winding cycle is, by definition, a cycle and can thus be said to start and end at any point along the cycle.

[0041] The update of the number of winding cycles according to an embodiment of the present specification, i.e., adding 1 to the registered number of winding cycles of the identified winding spool 120, is preferably performed at the end of the winding cycle. This means that, for the winding cycle according to this context, the update of the number of winding cycles of the reel section is preferably performed at the metering station 104, the expansion / contraction station 105, or the spool storage section 101.

[0042] Referring first to FIG. 2, a system 200 for monitoring the performance of at least one winding spool 120 within a reel section 100 of a papermaking machine according to one or more embodiments of the present invention is schematically disclosed.

[0043] System 200 includes at least one winding spool 120, and each of the at least one winding spool 120 has a respective marker 130 that includes information regarding a unique identification code ID associated with the winding spool 120. System 200 further includes a memory 150 accessible to a processing circuit 110. The memory 150 can also be referred to as, for example, a storage or a database. The fact that the memory 150 is accessible to the processing circuit means that it can be integrated into the system 200 including the processing circuit 110, or can be communicatively connected to the system 200, more specifically the processing circuit 110, using any suitable wired or wireless communication method. The memory 150 is configured to receive and store at least one winding spool performance parameter and other related information, such as the position / portion within the winding spool at which the winding spool performance parameter was determined, in association with the unique identification code ID of the identified winding spool 120.

[0044] System 200 further comprises at least one detector 140 configured to detect respective markers 130 on each take-up spool 120. The at least one detector 140 is operably connected to the reel unit 100 and is positioned during the take-up cycle of at least one take-up spool 120. Each detector 140 is typically directed towards the portion of the take-up cycle through which at least one take-up spool 120 passes and is positioned such that the marker 130 of each take-up spool 120 enters the detection range DR of the detector 140 as it passes. Depending on the type of marker, each detector may comprise, for example, a QR code scanner, a barcode scanner, an RFID reader, an image sensor, a sensor within any other suitable optical spectrum, and / or any other suitable type of detector or detection device configured to detect the marker in question.

[0045] System 200 further comprises at least one sensor 160, exemplified by two sensors 160' and 160'' in FIG. 2, configured to determine parameters indicative of the performance of the take-up spool 120, a processing circuit 110 communicably connected to the at least one detector 140 and the at least one sensor 160, and a memory 150 accessible to the processing circuit 110. The memory 150 may also be referred to as a storage or a database. The fact that the memory 150 is accessible to the processing circuit may mean that it is integrated into the system 200 comprising the processing circuit 110 or that it is communicably connected to the system 200, more specifically to the processing circuit 110, using any suitable wired or wireless communication method.

[0046] Each of the at least one detector 140 is configured to detect a unique identification code ID associated with the take-up spool 120 from each respective marker 130 on the take-up spool 120 for each of the at least one take-up spool 120. The processing circuit 110 is then configured to identify the take-up spool 120 based on the unique identification code ID for each of the at least one take-up spool 120. The processing circuit 110 determines at least one take-up spool performance parameter of the identified take-up spool 120 based on measurements from one or more of the at least one sensor 160, and for each of the at least one take-up spool 120, based on whether the determined at least one take-up spool performance parameter meets the requirement indicating a malfunction of the performance of the take-up spool 120, further configured to determine whether there is a malfunction in the performance of the identified take-up spool 120. Determining whether there is a malfunction in the performance of the identified take-up spool 120 may also be referred to as determining that the take-up spool 120 is malfunctioning and needs to be replaced or maintained.

[0047] Suitably, the described system 200 thereby provides an automated solution for tracking the take-up spools for the purpose of evaluating the characteristics of each identified take-up spool itself and further using the knowledge obtained to draw conclusions regarding failed spools, required maintenance operations, etc. This achieves a reduction in both the need for manual labor and the downtime of the paper machine compared to previous solutions, so the embodiments herein lead to a reduction in the maintenance time and cost of the take-up spools, reel sections, and thus the entire paper machine and paper mill. Advantageously, by reducing or eliminating manual monitoring and replacing it with automated monitoring using the embodiments described herein, the maintenance accuracy of the take-up spools in the reel section is further improved, thereby improving the entire manufacturing process of the paper machine and paper mill. Due to the reduction in downtime due to both reduced manual operation and more accurate maintenance, the yield resulting from the manufacturing process is higher, contributing to maximizing the utilization rate of the take-up spools and also contributing to extending the lifespan of other machine components that may be subject to wear by failed take-up spools.

[0048] At least one performance parameter may comprise a combination of both the measured information and the previously stored and retrieved information. The processing circuit 110 may retrieve at least one performance parameter from the memory 150 and, for each of the at least one take-up spools 120, determine at least one take-up spool performance parameter of the identified take-up spool 120 based also on the retrieved at least one performance parameter. Suitably, this may thereby take into account the historical data of the identified take-up spool 120 that was previously determined and stored in relation to the take-up spool 120. Thereby, advantageously, it is also possible to identify changes over time and use this information to determine whether there is a fault in the performance of the identified take-up spool 120. Embodiments of the present invention may store information regarding each measured take-up spool performance parameter in relation to each identified take-up spool and perform an analysis regarding the take-up spool performance at a single point in time in a timely manner to find the need for immediate maintenance and, thus, it is also possible to find changes and deterioration, trends over time, and further to predict the need for future maintenance and the time when maintenance will be required.

[0049] The requirements indicating a fault, comprising at least one criterion (logical rule) to be met, are stored in the memory 150 or another memory accessible to the processing circuit 110 and can be received or retrieved therefrom by the processing circuit 110. The requirements indicating a fault may be preset during the manufacture or startup of the system 100 and / or may be set or updated during operation based on an input from a user interacting with a user interface connected to an input / output device 115 integrated in or communicatively coupled to the system 100.

[0050] The processing circuit 110 may be configured to identify the take-up spool 120 for each of at least one take-up spool 120 based on a unique identification code ID by first receiving detection signals S, S', S'' from one of at least one detector 140. The detection signals S, S', S'' indicate the detected unique identification code ID. Next, the processing circuit 110 is configured to compare the unique identification code ID with the set of unique identification codes ID 1...n stored in the memory 150, and each unique identification code in the set is stored in association with a respective unique take-up spool 120. If a match is found between the detected unique identification code ID and the unique identification codes in the set stored in the database, the processing circuit 110 is further configured to identify the take-up spool 120 as the take-up spool associated with the matching unique identification code ID n .

[0051] The parameters indicating the performance of the take-up spool 120 may also be referred to as take-up spool performance parameters or important performance indicators of the take-up spool, and may include the selection of the number of cycles executed by the take-up spool 120, the vibration of the components or parts of the reel section caused by the take-up spool 120, the pressure of the take-up spool 120 if the take-up spool is an expandable core shaft, and / or the number or ratio of turn-up failures associated with the take-up spool 120.

[0052] In one or more embodiments, the processing circuit 110 may be configured to determine that there is a fault in the identified take-up spool 120 when the determined number of cycles performed by the take-up spool 120 in the reel unit 100 exceeds a preset maximum number of cycles. In other words, when the determined number of cycles performed by the take-up spool 120 exceeds the preset maximum number of cycles, the identified take-up spool 120 is determined to be faulty. Advantageously, a take-up spool 120 that is worn and introduces errors into the process or is immediately at risk is thereby automatically identified by the system 200 and can be manually or automatically maintained, replaced, or removed from the reel unit 100. The preset maximum number of cycles is appropriately set to the maximum number of cycles that the take-up spool 120 can perform before the take-up spool 120 undergoes maintenance, i.e., before it needs to be removed, replaced, and / or manually checked for wear and damage to ensure the continuous proper performance of the reel unit. The preset maximum number of cycles is preset in the system during the setup or startup of the monitoring system and is automatically set, for example, according to the standard settings of the type of take-up spool 120, or is manually input by a user interacting with the input device 115 via the user interface. The number of take-up cycles of the reel unit increases by one each time a particular take-up spool 120 is identified by a particular one of the at least one detector 140, indicating that the take-up spool 120 has performed another take-up cycle. The number of cycles performed by a particular take-up spool 120 may be incremented each time the particular take-up spool falls within the range of a detector 140 located, for example, at the primary arm 102, the secondary arm 103, or the metering station 104 of the reel unit 100, or any other selected appropriate position during the take-up cycle.

[0053] Alternatively or additionally, the processing circuit 110 may be configured to determine that there is an impairment in the performance of the identified take-up spool 120 when vibrations caused by the take-up spool 120 of a particular portion of the reel unit 100 exceed a vibration threshold indicative of the maximum allowable vibration value of the take-up spool 120 in an equilibrium state for each portion of the reel unit 100. In these embodiments, at least one sensor 160 comprises at least one vibration sensor or acoustic sensor, and the processing circuit 110 is configured to determine at least one vibration value indicative of vibrations of a component or portion of the reel unit 100 caused by the take-up spool 120 based on one or more measurements from the at least one vibration sensor. In these embodiments, the processing circuit 110 is further configured to determine that there is an impairment in the performance of the identified take-up spool 120 by comparing each of the at least one vibration value for a part or parts of the reel unit 100 with their respective vibration thresholds. The vibrations may be measured directly using a vibration sensor or indirectly by measuring the noise level using an acoustic sensor, in which case the threshold is defined in Db. The vibrations caused by a particular take-up spool 120 on one or more portions of the reel unit 100 may be monitored at one time instance and compared with a fixed vibration threshold. Alternatively, the vibrations caused by a particular take-up spool 120 on one or more portions of the reel unit 100 may be monitored over time, typically once per winding cycle, and the vibration threshold may be relative and may also depend on the maximum allowable vibration value of the take-up spool 120 in an equilibrium state for each portion of the reel unit 100, or in some cases the number of winding cycles performed by the take-up spool 120, or the maximum allowable vibration increase rate of the take-up spool 120 in an equilibrium state. Advantageously, a take-up spool 120 that becomes non-equilibrium and introduces an error into the process or is immediately put at risk is thereby automatically identified by the system 200 and can be manually or automatically maintained, replaced, or removed from the reel unit 100.

[0054] In one or more embodiments, the primary arm 102 may include first and second loading arms (not shown) configured to hold the take-up spool 120 and press it against the web on the reel drum 122 or reel belt for turn-up. If the pressure differs beyond an allowable amount (threshold), this is an indication that the take-up spool 120 is unbalanced. In these embodiments, the first loading arm is arranged to hold the take-up spool 120 at or near a first end of the take-up spool 120 facing the drive side (back side) of the reel portion 100, and the second loading arm is arranged to hold the take-up spool 120 at or near a second opposite end of the take-up spool 120 facing the control side (operator side) of the reel portion 100. The loading arms are pressurized by first and second cylinders, for example hydraulic cylinders (not shown), also provided in the primary arm 102. As an alternative to, or in addition to, the above method of detecting an unbalanced take-up spool 120, in these embodiments, an unbalanced take-up spool 120 may be identified by measuring and comparing the respective pressures in the first and second cylinders. In the case of a balanced take-up spool 120, the pressures applied to pressurize the first and second loading arms must be the same. In these embodiments, the processing circuit 110 may be configured to determine that there is an impairment in the performance of the identified take-up spool 120 if the difference in the pressures applied by the first and second cylinders to pressurize the respective first and second loading arms exceeds a pressure difference threshold indicative of the maximum allowable pressure difference for a balanced take-up spool 120. In these embodiments, at least one sensor 160 comprises at least one first pressure sensor connected and configured to measure the pressure in the first cylinder or the pressure applied by the first cylinder, and at least one second pressure sensor connected and configured to measure the pressure in the second cylinder or the pressure applied by the second cylinder.Next, the processing circuit 110 receives pressure measurement values from at least one first pressure sensor and at least one second pressure sensor, and is configured to determine a pressure difference within or applied by the first cylinder and the second cylinder based on the received measurement values. In these embodiments, the processing circuit 110 is further configured to determine that there is a malfunction in the performance of the identified take-up spool 120 if the determined pressure difference exceeds a pressure difference threshold value.

[0055] Advantageously, the take-up spool 120 that becomes non-equilibrium and introduces an error into the process or is immediately at risk is thereby automatically identified by the system 200 and can be manually or automatically maintained, replaced, or removed from the reel unit 100.

[0056] When the identified take-up spool 120 is an expandable core shaft, at least one sensor 160 may comprise at least one pressure sensor configured to measure the pressure within the expandable core shaft using any pressure sensing technology including, but not limited to, ultrasonic technology, acoustic imaging technology, electromagnetic technology, optical technology, or strain gauge technology. The at least one pressure sensor is configured to send the measured pressure value to the processing circuit 110. In these embodiments, the requirement indicating a performance impairment comprises, as an alternative or addition to the other embodiments described herein, the take-up spool 120 having a valve leak. The processing circuit 110 is configured in these embodiments to determine that there is a performance impairment of the identified take-up spool 120 when the measured pressure value deviates from the reference pressure value of the expandable core shaft by more than an acceptable tolerance. In this embodiment, the take-up spool 120 is an expandable core shaft. Advantageously, the take-up spool 120 having a valve leak and the risk of introducing an error into the process is thereby automatically identified by the system 200 and can be manually or automatically maintained, replaced, or removed from the reel unit 100. Using at least one pressure sensor, preferably all pressure values measured at the expansion / contraction station of the reel unit are stored in the memory 150 in relation to the identified core shaft. Of course, any combination of at least one stored pressure value of the core shaft at the current position of the take-up spool in the take-up cycle, including the change in pressure derived from the pressure values measured over time, and the currently measured pressure value of the core shaft may be used as a basis for determining whether the core shaft has a valve leak. When one or more of the determined pressure values deviate from the reference pressure value by more than an acceptable tolerance, it is determined that the core shaft has a valve leak. The reference pressure value may be set to the previously measured pressure of the core shaft, indicating that the pressure has decreased since the last measurement, or may be a preset reference value for the type of core shaft used. The reference pressure value is stored in and retrieved from the memory 150.

[0057] In some embodiments, the pressure in the expandable core shaft may be checked once per winding cycle by measuring the pressure at the expansion / contraction station 105 immediately before contraction, after which the expandable core shaft contracts and then expands with a new core mounted thereon. In this embodiment, a second pressure measurement is taken immediately after expansion, and this pressure measured immediately after expansion is set as a reference value. Thereby, advantageously, it is possible to determine whether the pressure in the expandable core shaft decreases more than expected during the winding cycle, which indicates valve leakage.

[0058] Alternatively or additionally, the requirement indicating an impairment of the performance of the take-up spool 120 may comprise that the ratio of turn-up failures of the take-up spool 120 is equal to or greater than a preset maximum ratio of turn-up failures. In these embodiments, the processing circuit 110 is configured to determine the number of turn-up failures associated with the take-up spool 120 and compare it with the total amount of take-up cycles executed by the take-up spool 120 to determine the ratio of turn-up failures of the take-up spool 120. The processing circuit 110 is further configured to determine that there is an identified impairment of the performance of the take-up spool 120 if the ratio of turn-up failures of the take-up spool 120 is equal to or greater than the preset maximum ratio of turn-up failures. Advantageously, the take-up spool 120, which is the cause of turn-up failures that result in costly and time-consuming stops and reduced yields of the process for some reason, is automatically identified by the system 200 and can be manually or automatically maintained, replaced or removed from the reel unit 100. As is known in the art, turn-up failures can be very high due to a faulty core shaft. In this embodiment, the number or ratio of turn-up failures, calculated as the ratio of the number of turn-up failures to the total amount of take-up cycles executed by the take-up spool 120 based on measurements from at least one sensor 160, is included in at least one take-up spool performance parameter of the identified take-up spool 120. One or more sensors 160 in this case comprise sensors configured to detect sheet breakage in any known manner. The number of take-up cycles executed by the take-up spool 120 is incremented by one each time the take-up spool is detected by one selected detector 140 in a take-up cycle and identified by the processing circuit 110, and then the current number of take-up cycles is stored in the memory 150 in relation to the identified take-up spool 120.Accordingly, the number of winding cycles of each identified take-up spool 120 can be retrieved by the processing circuit 110 from the memory 150 in order for the processing circuit 110 to determine the ratio of turn-up failures associated with the take-up spool 120. The memory is further configured to store a preset maximum ratio of turn-up failures for comparison, and the processing circuit 110 is configured to retrieve from the memory 150. The preset maximum ratio of turn-up failures may be set once, for example, during manufacturing or startup, or the update of the maximum ratio of turn-up failures may be enabled via a user interface connected to an input / output device 115 communicatively coupled to the processing circuit 110.

[0059] According to any embodiment of the present invention described herein, if it is determined that there is a malfunction in the performance of the take-up spool 120 of the reel section, the take-up spool may be manually or automatically further removed or replaced. Accordingly, suitably, an improved maintenance scheme is provided. Information regarding the malfunction is presented to the operator via a user interface connected to the input / output device 115, optionally together with information regarding the predicted maintenance requirements, thereby prompting the operator to initiate manual or automatic maintenance, replacement or removal of the failed take-up spool 120. Thereby, the operator of the system 200 can be advantageously warned regarding the maintenance actions to be taken in the form of removal or replacement of the take-up spool 120, and / or the system 200 can automatically perform these actions after repeatedly tracking through the winding cycles determined to have failed due to, for example, being out of balance (causing vibrations measured and information stored by the system), being near its maximum cycle amount (iteratively updating the cycle count based on the identification of the take-up spool at a particular position in the winding cycle), and / or having valve leakage (measured at the expansion / contraction section).

[0060] Advantageously, this information enables the operator to easily perform necessary maintenance, replacement, removal, etc. based on timely and accurate information. As shown in FIG. 2, if it is determined that there is a problem with the performance of the take-up spool 120, the processing circuit 110 may be configured to generate a first control signal C1 that causes the actuator 170 of the reel unit 100 to remove the take-up spool 120 from the reel unit. As further shown in FIG. 2, in these embodiments, the processing circuit 110 may be further configured to generate a second control signal C2 that causes the same or another actuator 170, 190 of the reel unit to replace the removed take-up spool with a new take-up spool from the take-up spool storage unit or spool storage unit 101. The take-up spool storage unit 101 includes take-up spools 120 that are known to be operating, i.e., not faulty. The take-up spools 120 within the spool storage unit 101 may be free of faults with respect to all take-up spool performance parameters evaluated in different embodiments of this specification, or may not be completely fault-free but may be considered to have acceptable operation. The storage of operating and optionally non-faulty take-up spools is appropriately located in relation to the reel unit 100 and is accessible to the actuators 170, 190 configured to replace the removed faulty take-up shaft 120.

[0061] In some embodiments, the weight value of each unique take-up spool 120 has been previously measured and stored in the memory 150 in relation to each respective unique take-up spool. The weight of the unique take-up spool has been determined in these cases before the take-up spool enters the take-up cycle or before it is attached to the reel section. Thus, the memory 150 is configured to store the weight value of each unique take-up spool 120 in relation to each respective unique take-up spool 120. In these embodiments, the processing circuit 110 may be configured to retrieve the weight of the identified take-up spool 120 from the memory 150, determine the desired nip load of (a part of) the reel section 100 based on the weight of the identified take-up spool 120, and control the nip load of (a part of) the reel section 100 based on the desired nip load. Advantageously, the actual measured weight of the identified take-up spool 120 can be used to provide a more accurate determination of the optimal nip load compared to known solutions. Alternatively or additionally, the system 200 according to these embodiments further comprises a weighing device (not shown), such as a scale, disposed at the weighing station 104 and communicatively connected to the processing circuit 110. The weighing device is configured to determine the total weight of the take-up spool 120 around which the paper product P has been wound when the take-up spool 120 is at the weighing station 104 of the reel section 100. The processing circuit is in this case further configured to receive, or retrieve, the determined total weight from the weighing device into the processing circuit 110, receive, or retrieve, the weight of the take-up spool 120 from the memory 150, and determine the accurate weight of the paper product P wound around the take-up spool 120 by subtracting the retrieved weight of the take-up spool 120 from the determined total weight. This results in a more accurate determination of the weight of the paper product compared to the case where a standard weight is assumed for the take-up spool, leading to a more accurate determination when the target weight or target amount of the paper product is to be wound onto the parent roll and it is time to perform a turn-up.

[0062] When the take-up spool performance parameters are measured by the sensor 160 at the position where the take-up spool 120 is currently identified, the determined identification information of the take-up spool 120, i.e., the detected ID or the identification information derived based on the ID, and the at least one determined and measured take-up spool performance parameter, if related to at least one performance parameter, are sent to the memory 150 together with the information regarding the position where the take-up spool 120 is identified for storage and further processing.

[0063] The step of assigning a unique identification code ID to the take-up spool 120 may include providing or applying a marker 130 to the take-up spool 120 in the form of graphic information (such as QR code, barcode, unique set of alphanumeric symbols, unique pattern, symbol(s) and / or color or combination of colors, etc.), electronic information in the form of an active or passive transmitter such as an RFID tag, and / or magnetic band information, and storing the unique identification code ID in the memory 150 in relation to each unique take-up spool 120 to which the ID is assigned. In other words, each take-up spool 120 may be electronically marked by applying a first electronic label or tag, such as an RFID medium or tag, or another type of marker detectable by the detectors described herein. In the case of an electronic or magnetic medium, the assignment may include a programming step for assigning the ID of the marker medium, such as an RFID tag, prior to applying the marker to the at least one take-up spool 120.

[0064] Each marker 130 may be applied, for example, to the outer edge of each take-up spool 120 or to any other suitable location that enables it to be seen, sensed, read, or detected by at least one detector 140, i.e., any location on the take-up spool 120 that allows it to enter the detection range of a detector arranged to detect it during the take-up cycle. The marker may be applied in any suitable manner depending on the type of marker. In some embodiments, the system 200 further comprises a marking device configured to apply a marker to the take-up spool before detecting a unique identification code associated with the take-up spool from the marker.

[0065] In some embodiments, system 200 is configured to monitor the performance of at least one take-up spool 120 for each take-up spool 120 that enters the detection range DR of one of the at least one detector 140. Specifically, for a take-up spool 120 to enter the detection range DR of detector 140 means that a marker 130 on the take-up spool 120 appears in the detection range DR, and the detection range DR may also be referred to as a detection area, a sensing area, or a sensing range. In any embodiment herein, for a detector 140 to be positioned and arranged to detect a take-up spool 120 present at a particular location, such as any of the reel subsections including the spool storage unit 101, the primary arm 102, the secondary arm 103, the metering station 104, or the inflation / shrinkage station 105, means that the portion of the take-up spool 120 with the marker 130 is positioned such that it enters the detection range DR of the detector when it enters, is present at, or exits the particular location. In FIG. 2, this is shown by a detector 140 having a detection range DR in which the marker 130'' of the take-up spool 120'' is present, and thus the detector 140 can detect the take-up spool 120'' from the marker 130''. Similarly, for a take-up spool 120 to be identified as being, for example, within the primary arm 102 means that it is detected by a detector 140 positioned in the primary arm 102, i.e., within the detection range. The positions, shapes, and sizes of the markers 130', 130'', and 130''' on each of the take-up spools 120', 120'', and 120''' in FIG. 2 are non-limiting examples shown for illustrative purposes only.

[0066] In some embodiments, at least one of the at least one detector 140 is configured to detect, instead of or in addition to, the ID of the take-up spool 120, a unique core identification code ID associated with a core attached to the take-up spool 120 CORE from a core marker on the core. The core marker may be any kind of marker described herein in connection with the marker 130. FIG. 7a shows a schematic perspective view of separate portions of a take-up spool 120, a core 701, and a roll 702 of a paper product P, and FIG. 7b shows a schematic side view of an assembly comprising the take-up spool 120, the core 701, and the roll 702 of the paper product P. Although the core marker is not shown in the figures, one of ordinary skill in the art will understand that the core marker may be applied to the core 701 in any suitable manner and at any suitable location. The processing circuit 110, in these embodiments, the unique core identification code ID COREBased on this, the core 701 is identified and further configured to determine whether there is a failure in the performance of the identified take-up spool 120 based also on stored or measured information regarding the performance of the core. By including information regarding the performance of the core, any failure related to the core rather than the take-up spool 120 can be determined, and false negatives that would otherwise lead to a determination that there is a failure in the performance of the identified take-up spool 120 can be advantageously avoided. For example, if it is determined that at least one take-up spool performance parameter meets the requirement indicating a failure in the performance of the take-up spool 120, or according to the embodiments herein, if it is also determined that the core attached to the take-up spool 120 is faulty, this may indicate that it is the core, rather than the take-up spool 120, that is actually causing the problem. Similarly, if a problem that seems to be related to the performance of the take-up spool 120 is detected during one take-up cycle but the same problem is not detected for the same take-up spool 120 during the next take-up cycle, that is, after the core and paper roll thereon have been changed, it may be determined that the problem is due to the previous core rather than the take-up spool 120. Thereby, it is more reliably determined whether there is a failure in the performance of the identified take-up spool 120.

[0067] Referring to FIGS. 1, 5, and 6, how each take-up spool moves during the take-up cycle of the reel part will be described. The direction of the take-up cycle is indicated by arrows such as 101 - 102, 102 - 103 in FIG. 6. In FIGS. 1 and 6, the take-up spool 120 is shown in a state where no paper product is being wound. This is for illustrative purposes only to more easily explain how the take-up spool moves during the take-up cycle.

[0068] As shown in FIGS. 1 and 6, the reel section 100 includes several subsections including a spool storage section 101, a primary arm 102, a secondary arm 103, a metering station 104, and, if used, an expansion / shrinkage station 105 in the case of a core shaft / expandable take-up spool being used.

[0069] Using a lowering arm or any other suitable actuator, an empty take-up spool 120 from the spool storage unit 101 may be loaded onto the primary arm 102 above the reel drum 122 or onto the reel belt, as shown in the examples of FIGS. 1 and 6. When the take-up spool 120 is completed (e.g., determined by reaching its maximum diameter) on the take-up spool 120 before the parent roll is positioned on the secondary arm 103, the primary arm 102 lowers a new empty take-up spool 120 into contact with the reel drum 122 or the reel belt, and a machine (not shown) operably connected to the reel drum 122 or the reel belt runs the tape, applies an adhesive or the like along the moving sheet of the paper product, quickly tears it, and attaches the incoming paper product to the new take-up spool 120. Then, the new take-up spool is lowered onto the secondary arm 103. After the turn-up, as the paper product is wound onto the core of the take-up spool 120 and the diameter of the paper product on the take-up spool 120 increases, the secondary arm 103 gently guides the take-up spool 120 away from the reel drum 122 or the reel belt. When the parent roll on the main take-up spool 120 of the secondary arm is finished, the turn-up is performed again, and the finished parent roll wound on the take-up spool 120 is kicked out and conveyed to the weighing station 104. After weighing at the weighing station 104, the take-up spool 120 may proceed to an expansion / shrinkage station 105 downstream of the weighing station 104 if expansion and / or shrinkage is to be performed. Thereafter, the take-up spool 120 may be returned from the expansion / shrinkage station 105 to the spool storage device 101 using, for example, an overhead crane or any other suitable actuator. From the spool storage unit 101, the take-up spool 120 can be returned to the primary arm 102, thereby entering a new take-up cycle.Alternatively, if the take-up spool 120 is not expandable, the take-up spool 120 is conveyed from an end station, such as a metering station 104 or another station after the metering station 104, to a subsequent machine, such as a winder, a rewinder and / or a converter for further processing the wound parent roll. Alternatively, if at any point during the take-up cycle it is determined that there is an impairment to the performance of the present take-up spool 120, the take-up spool 120 may be removed from the reel for adjustment, maintenance, or disposal. The conveyance of the take-up spool 120 to a subsequent machine for further processing of the parent roll or removal of the take-up spool 120 is shown by arrow 106 in FIG. 6. Preferably, the take-up spool 120 is removed manually or automatically by sending a control signal to a removal actuator from the expansion / shrinkage station 105 or the spool storage 101, or somewhere between them, i.e., after the parent roll has been removed from the take-up spool 120 and before the take-up spool 120 re-enters the primary arm 102 of the same or a different reel section 100.

[0070] Referring now to FIG. 1, as described in connection with FIG. 2, two detectors 140', 140'' are shown that are configured to detect a unique identification code ID associated with the take-up spool 120 from a marker 130 on the take-up spool 120. The detectors 140', 140'' generate respective detection signals S', S'' and are configured to send these to the processing circuit 110 for interpretation and further processing. The detectors 140', 140'' in FIG. 1 are shown as only two for ease of explanation and are shown as being positioned at the spool storage unit 101 and the inflation / deflation station 105. However, in any embodiment of the present specification, there may be at least one detector 140 positioned at one or more of the spool storage unit 101, the primary arm 102, the secondary arm 103, the metering station 104, and optionally the inflation / deflation station 105.

[0071] FIG. 5 is a process flow showing how at least one take-up spool moves during the take-up cycle of the reel unit and how information is sent between system components. Depending on how many detectors are arranged at different positions within the reel unit, the confirmation or detection selections, steps 502, 506, 510, 514, and 522 may be executed. The process flow comprises: In step 502, a first detector positioned at the primary arm 102 is used to confirm whether the take-up spool 120 is present at the primary arm 102.

[0072] The confirmation in step 502 is performed using a first detector (not shown) positioned at the primary arm 102, which is positioned and arranged to detect the take-up spool 120 present within the primary arm 102 by detecting a unique identification code ID associated with the take-up spool 120 from a marker 130 on the take-up spool 120 within the primary arm 102.

[0073] When the first detector detects the take-up spool 120 with the primary arm 102, information indicating the unique identification code ID associated with the take-up spool 120 is sent from the first detector to the processing circuit 110 in the form of a first detection signal indicating the unique identification code ID.

[0074] As described herein, the processing circuit 110 is configured to identify the take-up spool 120 based on the first detection signal. Based on further information provided in the first detection signal indicating the position of the take-up spool 120, or information regarding the identification of the first detector and its position within the reel unit, the processing circuit 110 may be further configured to determine that the identified take-up spool is in the primary arm 102. If it is thus determined that the take-up spool 120 is present within the primary arm 102, when the time for the next turn-up arrives, the process continues to step 504.

[0075] In step 504, the take-up spool 120 is transported from the primary arm 102 to the secondary arm 103.

[0076] In step 506, it is confirmed whether the take-up spool 120 is present within the secondary arm 103.

[0077] The confirmation in step 506 is performed using a second detector 140 (not shown) positioned and arranged within the secondary arm 103 to detect the take-up spool 120 present within the secondary arm 103 by detecting the unique identification code ID associated with the take-up spool 120 from a marker 130 on the take-up spool 120. Information regarding the unique identification code ID associated with the take-up spool 120 is sent from the second detector 140 to the processing circuit 110 together with information regarding the position where the take-up spool 120 is detected in any of the methods described in relation to step 502.

[0078] In the secondary arm, the paper product is wound onto the take-up spool 120, thereby creating the parent roll. The take-up spool 120 is present on the secondary arm 103, and when the winding is complete, the process continues to step 508.

[0079] In step 508, the take-up spool 120 is transported from the secondary arm 103 to the weighing station 104.

[0080] In step 510, it is checked whether the take-up spool 120 is present at the weighing station 104.

[0081] The check in step 510 may be performed using a third detector 140 (not shown) positioned at the weighing station 104 and arranged to detect the take-up spool 120 present at the weighing station 104 by detecting the unique identification code ID associated with the take-up spool 120 from the marker 130 on the take-up spool 120. Information regarding the unique identification code ID associated with the take-up spool 120 is sent from the third detector 140 to the processing circuit 110 together with information regarding the position where the take-up spool 120 was detected in any of the ways described in relation to step 502.

[0082] After the weighing station 104, if the take-up spool 120 is optionally the expandable take-up spool 120 confirmed in step 511, the process continues to optional step 512. Alternatively, if the take-up spool 120 is not the expandable take-up spool 120, the process continues to optional step 515.

[0083] In optional step 512, the take-up spool 120 is transported from the weighing station 104 to the expansion / contraction station 105.

[0084] This step is executed when the take-up spool 120 is an expandable take-up spool.

[0085] In optional step 514, check whether the take-up spool 120 is present within the expansion / contraction station 105.

[0086] The check in step 514 may be performed using the detector 140’ of FIG. 1 positioned and arranged to detect the take-up spool 120 present in the expansion / contraction station 105 by detecting a unique identification code ID related to the take-up spool 120 from a marker 130 on the take-up spool 120 by the fourth detector 140, for example, positioned in the expansion / contraction station 105. Information regarding the unique identification code ID related to the take-up spool 120 is sent from the second detector 140 to the processing circuit 110 together with information regarding the position where the take-up spool 120 is detected in any of the ways described in relation to step 502.

[0087] In the example shown in FIG. 1, the marker 130 is attached to, or integrated within or near, the end of the take-up spool 120 facing the fourth detector 140’. As shown in FIG. 1 and applicable to any or all of the detectors 140 in embodiments of the present invention, the fourth detector is configured to generate a detection signal comprising information regarding the unique identification code ID and information regarding the position of the detected take-up spool 120 and / or the fourth detector. In other words, the signal indicates the identification and position (”within the expansion / contraction station”) of the detected take-up spool 120. In FIG. 1, the fourth detection signal is illustrated as detection signal S’.

[0088] In optional step 515, convey the take-up spool 120 from the reel section 100 to a subsequent machine for further processing.

[0089] This step is performed when the take-up spool 120 is not an expandable take-up spool, i.e., when the paper product of the parent roll is wound directly onto the take-up spool 120 rather than on a removable core.

[0090] Subsequent machinery may be, for example, a winder, a rewinder, or a converter.

[0091] Unless it is determined that the take-up spool 120 has failed at any point after step 515, it may be re-introduced later into a new take-up cycle at step 520 in the same or a different reel section 100.

[0092] At step 516, the processing circuit 110 is used to determine whether there is an impairment in the performance of the identified take-up spool 120.

[0093] Step 516 does not need to be performed in sequence after step 514. Rather, the check as to whether the identified take-up spool 120 has failed or requires maintenance may be performed at any step of the process flow or between steps. As shown in the figure, information collected between any or all of the check steps 502, 506, 510, 514, and / or 522 may be used as a basis for the determination at step 516 as to whether there is an impairment in the performance of the identified take-up spool 120.

[0094] If it is determined that there is an impairment in the performance of the identified take-up spool 120, the process flow continues to step 518.

[0095] At step 518, the identified take-up spool 120 is removed from the reel section.

[0096] In response to determining that there is a problem with the performance of the identified take-up spool 120, step 518 of removing the take-up spool 120 from the reel section may be performed between any two steps in the process flow of FIG. 5. However, it is preferably performed when there is no paper product wound on the take-up spool. The identified faulty take-up spool 120 is preferably removed from the inflation / deflation station 105 or from the spool storage unit 101 after removing the completed parent roll from the take-up spool 120 or before the take-up spool 120 enters a new take-up cycle.

[0097] The removal of the take-up spool 120 may be automatic and may be performed using any suitable actuator controlled in response to a control signal generated by the processing circuit 110, such as an overhead crane. Alternatively, the removal of the take-up spool 120 may be performed manually or by manually controlling an actuator such as an overhead crane.

[0098] In step 520, the take-up spool 120 is conveyed from the inflation / deflation station 105 to the spool storage unit 101.

[0099] In step 522, it is checked whether the take-up spool 120 is present in the spool storage unit 101.

[0100] The confirmation in step 522 is located at the expansion / contraction station 105 and uses the fifth detector 140, such as the detector 140'' in FIG. 1, positioned and arranged to detect the take-up spool 120 present at the expansion / contraction station 105 by detecting the unique identification code ID related to the take-up spool 120 from the marker 130 on the take-up spool 120. Information regarding the unique identification code ID related to the take-up spool 120 is sent from the second detector 140 to the processing circuit 110 together with information regarding the position where the take-up spool 120 is detected in any of the ways described in relation to step 502.

[0101] In the example shown in FIG. 1, the marker 130 is attached on or near, or integrated in or near, the end of the take-up spool 120 facing the fifth detector 140''. As shown in FIG. 1 and applicable to any or all of the detectors 140 in embodiments of the present invention, the fifth detector is configured to generate a detection signal comprising information regarding the unique identification code ID and, optionally, information regarding the position of the detected take-up spool 120 and / or the fourth detector. In other words, the signal indicates the identification and optionally the position (within the "spool storage section") of the detected take-up spool 120. In FIG. 1, the fifth detection signal is illustrated as the detection signal S''.

[0102] In step 524, the take-up spool 120 is conveyed from the spool storage section 101 to the primary arm 102.

[0103] Thereby, the take-up cycle is completed and the process flow starts over from step 502.

[0104] Alternatively, or in addition, the position information is included in the detection signal of any of the detectors described in connection with FIGS. 1, 2, 5 or 6, and the position of the take-up spool 120 may be obtained via a signal sent from one or more proximity switches or proximity sensors (not shown) positioned across the reel section to the processing circuit 110.

[0105] Method embodiments In a second aspect shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, the present invention is implemented by a computer-implemented method for monitoring the performance of at least one take-up spool 120 in the reel section 100 of a paper machine, the reel section 100 being operably connected to at least one detector 140 configured to detect respective markers 130 on each take-up spool 120, and at least one detector 140 being positioned during the take-up cycle of at least one take-up spool 120.

[0106] The method shown in FIG. 3 for each take-up spool 120 comprises: In step 300, using at least one of at least one detector 140, a unique identification code ID associated with the take-up spool 120 is detected from a marker 130 on the take-up spool 120.

[0107] In step 310, using a processing circuit 110 communicably connected to the detector 140, the take-up spool 120 is identified based on the unique identification code ID.

[0108] The step of identifying the take-up spool 120 based on the unique identification code ID using the processing circuit 110 is a step of receiving detection signals S, S', S'' from the detector 140 in the processing circuit 110, the detection signals S, S', S'' indicating the detected unique identification code ID, and using the processing circuit 110 to compare the unique identification code ID with the unique identification code ID stored in the memory 150 1...nA step of comparing with a set, wherein each unique identification code in the set is stored in relation to a respective unique take-up spool 120, and when a match is found between the detected unique identification code ID and the unique identification codes in the set stored in the database, using the processing circuit 110, the matching unique identification code ID n may include a step of identifying the take-up spool 120 as the take-up spool associated with the n .

[0109] In step 320, using the processing circuit 110, based on the measurement values from at least one sensor 160, determine at least one take-up spool performance parameter of the identified take-up spool 120.

[0110] The step of determining at least one take-up spool performance parameter of the identified take-up spool 120 may include using at least one sensor 160 configured to determine a parameter indicating the performance of the identified take-up spool 120. Alternatively or additionally, the step of determining at least one take-up spool performance parameter of the identified take-up spool 120 may include receiving or retrieving, by the processing circuit 110, from the memory 150, at least one previously measured and stored performance parameter indicating the performance of the identified take-up spool 120. Thus, the at least one performance parameter may comprise a combination of both measured information and previously stored and retrieved information.

[0111] In an optional step 330, in relation to the unique identification code ID of the identified take-up spool 120, store the determined at least one take-up spool performance parameter in a memory 150 accessible to the processing circuit 110.

[0112] In step 340, check whether at least one take-up spool performance parameter meets the requirement indicating a malfunction of the performance of the take-up spool 120.

[0113] The requirement indicating a malfunction of the performance of the take-up spool 120 may include that the number of cycles executed by the take-up spool 120 is greater than or equal to a preset maximum number of cycles. In these embodiments, the determined at least one take-up spool performance parameter includes the number of cycles executed by the take-up spool 120, and when the determined number of cycles executed by the take-up spool 120 exceeds the preset maximum number of cycles, the processing circuit 110 is used to determine that there is a malfunction in the identified performance of the take-up spool 120.

[0114] Alternatively or additionally, the requirement indicating a malfunction of the performance of the take-up spool 120 may include that the take-up spool 120 is in an unbalanced state. In these embodiments, the step of using the processing circuit 110 to determine at least one take-up spool performance parameter of the identified take-up spool 120 based on measurements from at least one sensor 160 includes the step of determining at least one vibration value indicating the vibration of a component or part of the reel section caused by the take-up spool 120 based on one or more measurements from at least one vibration sensor, and the step of using the processing circuit 110 to determine that there is a malfunction in the identified performance of the take-up spool 120 includes the step of comparing each of the at least one vibration values with the respective vibration threshold indicating the maximum allowable vibration value of the take-up spool 120 in the balanced state.

[0115] In an embodiment where the take-up spool 120 is an expandable core shaft, the requirement indicating an impairment of the performance of the take-up spool 120 may alternatively or additionally comprise that the take-up spool 120 has a valve leak. In these embodiments, the step of using the processing circuit 110 to determine at least one take-up spool performance parameter of the identified take-up spool 120 based on measurements from at least one sensor 160 comprises the step of using at least one pressure sensor to determine the pressure within the expandable core shaft, and the step of using the processing circuit 110 to determine that there is an impairment in the performance of the identified take-up spool 120 comprises the step of comparing the determined pressure with a preset reference pressure value of the take-up spool 120.

[0116] Alternatively or additionally, the requirement indicating an impairment of the performance of the take-up spool 120 may comprise that the ratio of turn-up failures of the take-up spool 120 is equal to or greater than a preset maximum ratio of turn-up failures. In these embodiments, the step of using the processing circuit 110 to determine at least one take-up spool performance parameter of the identified take-up spool 120 based on measurements from at least one sensor 160 comprises the step of determining the number of turn-up failures associated with the take-up spool 120, comparing it with the total amount of take-up cycles performed by the take-up spool 120 to determine the ratio of turn-up failures of the take-up spool 120, and the step of using the processing circuit 110 to determine that there is an impairment in the performance of the identified take-up spool 120 comprises the step of comparing the ratio of turn-up failures of the take-up spool 120 with a preset maximum ratio of turn-up failures.

[0117] If at least one take-up spool performance parameter meets the requirement indicating an impairment of the performance of the take-up spool 120, the method continues to step 350.

[0118] In step 350, use the processing circuit 110 to determine that there is a fault in the performance of the identified take-up spool 120.

[0119] If it is determined that there is a fault in the performance of the take-up spool 120, the method may further comprise the step of using the processing circuit 110 to generate a first control signal C1 configured to cause the actuator 170 of the reel unit 100 to remove the take-up spool 120 from the reel unit. In some of these embodiments, the method may further comprise the step of generating a second control signal C2 configured to cause the same or another actuator 170, 190 of the reel unit to replace the removed take-up spool with a new take-up spool from the take-up spool storage unit 101.

[0120] If it is found that the take-up spool performance parameter does not meet the requirement indicating a fault in the performance of the take-up spool 120, the method may return from step 350 to step 300 and also return from step 340, and may be repeatedly executed as indicated by the dashed return arrow. The method may be executed for each take-up spool 120 that enters the detection range DR of one of the at least one detector 140.

[0121] The method may further comprise the step of applying a marker to the take-up spool before detecting a unique identification code associated with the take-up spool from the marker.

[0122] In one or more embodiments, the weight value of each unique take-up spool 120 is determined and stored in the memory 150 in relation to each respective unique take-up spool. In these embodiments, the method may further comprise, for each of at least one take-up spool 120, within the processing circuit 110, retrieving the measured weight value of the identified take-up spool 120 from the memory 150, using the processing circuit 110 to determine a desired nip load of the reel section 100 based on the weight of the identified take-up spool 120, and using the processing circuit 110 to control the nip load of the reel section 100 based on the desired nip load. Thereby, the nip load is controlled to be adjusted to each unique take-up spool 120, and the nip control in the reel section 100 is further improved. The step of controlling the nip load of the reel section based on the determined optimal nip load may, in this embodiment, comprise using the processing circuit 110 to generate a nip load control signal and controlling the nip load of one or more portions of the reel section in response to the nip load control signal. Thereby, one or more optimal nip loads are obtained when using the identified take-up spool 120 in the winding cycle. In embodiments where the weight value of each unique take-up spool 120 is determined and stored in the memory 150 in relation to each respective unique take-up spool, the method may alternatively or additionally comprise, for each unique take-up spool 120 entering the weighing station 104 of the reel section 100, using a weighing device disposed at the weighing station 104 and communicatively connected to the processing circuit 110 to determine the total weight of the take-up spool 120 and the paper product P wound thereon.The method further comprises the steps of receiving or extracting the total weight determined by a weighing device within the processing circuit 110, receiving or extracting, in the processing circuit 110, the weight of the take-up spool 120 from the memory 150, and using the processing circuit 110 to determine the exact weight of the paper product P wound on the take-up spool 120 by subtracting the extracted weight of the take-up spool 120 from the determined total weight. Thereby, the weight of the paper product P wound on the take-up spool 120 can be determined with high precision.

[0123] To further improve the monitoring of the performance of the take-up spool 120 by removing the incorrect determination of the take-up spool failure caused by the failed core 701, the method uses at least one of the at least one detector 140 to obtain a unique core identification code ID related to the core attached to the take-up spool 120 from a core marker on the core CORE and using the processing circuit 110 communicatively connected to the detector 140 to identify the core based on the unique core identification code ID CORE The method may further comprise using the processing circuit 110 to determine whether there is a failure in the performance of the identified take-up spool 120 based also on the stored or measured information regarding the performance of the core.

[0124] Further embodiments In a third aspect, the invention is also implemented by a paper machine comprising a monitoring system 200 according to any of the embodiments disclosed herein. It should be noted that the invention can be used with any type of paper machine including, but not limited to, a machine for manufacturing tissue paper.

[0125] In a fourth aspect, the invention is further realized by a computer program 227 loadable onto a non-volatile data carrier 225 communicatively connected to the processor 223, and the non-volatile data carrier 225 containing the computer program 227, the computer program 227 comprising software for performing a method according to any of the embodiments presented herein when the computer program 227 is executed on the processor 223.

[0126] Note that features from the various embodiments described herein can be freely combined as long as such a combination is not explicitly stated to be inappropriate.

Claims

1. 1. A computer-implemented method for monitoring performance of at least one take-up spool (120) in a reel section (100) of a paper machine, the reel section (100) being operatively connected to at least one detector (140) configured to detect a respective marker (130) on each take-up spool (120), the at least one detector (140) being positioned during a reeling cycle of the at least one take-up spool (120); For each take-up spool (120), detecting a unique identification code ID associated with the take-up spool (120) from a marker (130) on the take-up spool (120) using at least one of the at least one detector (140); identifying the take-up spool (120) based on the unique identification code (ID) using a processing circuit (110) communicatively connected to the detector (140); determining, using the processing circuitry (110), at least one take-up spool performance parameter for the identified take-up spool (120) based on measurements from at least one sensor (160); using the processing circuitry (110) to determine whether there is a performance fault in the identified take-up spool (120) based on whether the determined at least one take-up spool performance parameter meets requirements indicative of a performance fault in the take-up spool (120); A method comprising:

2. The step of identifying the take-up spool (120) based on the unique identification code (ID) using the processing circuit (110) comprises: receiving, in said processing circuit (110), detection signals (S, S', S'') from said detector (140), said detection signals (S, S', S'') indicating said detected unique identification code ID; The processing circuit (110) is used to convert the unique identification code ID into a unique identification code ID stored in memory (150). 1...n wherein each unique identification code in the set is stored in association with a respective unique take-up spool (120); If a match is found between the detected unique identification code ID and a unique identification code in the set stored in a database, the processing circuit (110) is used to identify the matching unique identification code ID. n identifying the take-up spool (120) as the take-up spool associated with The method of claim 1 , comprising:

3. determining at least one take-up spool performance parameter of the identified take-up spool (120) using at least one sensor (160) configured to determine a parameter indicative of the performance of the take-up spool (120); The method of claim 1 , comprising:

4. Determining at least one take-up spool performance parameter for the identified take-up spool (120) includes retrieving, by the processing circuit (110), at least one performance parameter from a memory (150); The method of claim 3 further comprising:

5. the condition indicating a fault in the performance of the take-up spool (120) comprises a number of cycles performed by the take-up spool (120) equal to or greater than a predetermined maximum number of cycles; the determined at least one take-up spool performance parameter comprises a number of cycles performed by the take-up spool (120); using the processing circuitry (110) to determine that there is a performance fault in the identified take-up spool (120) if the determined number of cycles performed by the take-up spool (120) exceeds the preset maximum number of cycles; The method of claim 1.

6. the condition indicating a performance impairment of the take-up spool (120) comprises the take-up spool (120) being out of balance; determining, using the processing circuitry (110), at least one take-up spool performance parameter for the identified take-up spool (120) based on measurements from at least one sensor (160) comprises determining, based on one or more measurements from at least one vibration sensor, at least one vibration value indicative of vibrations of a component or portion of the reel section caused by the take-up spool (120); determining, using the processing circuitry (110), that the performance of the identified take-up spool (120) is impaired comprises comparing each of the at least one vibration value to a respective vibration threshold value indicative of a maximum allowable vibration value for the take-up spool (120) in an equilibrium state. The method of claim 1.

7. the take-up spool (120) is an inflatable core shaft, and the requirement indicating a performance impairment comprises the take-up spool (120) having a valve leak; determining, using the processing circuitry (110), at least one take-up spool performance parameter for the identified take-up spool (120) based on measurements from at least one sensor (160) comprises determining a pressure within the inflatable core shaft using at least one pressure sensor; determining, using the processing circuitry (110), that there is a performance fault in the identified take-up spool (120) comprises comparing the determined pressure with a preset reference pressure value for the take-up spool (120); The method of claim 1.

8. the condition indicating a performance failure of the take-up spool (120) comprises a turn-up failure rate of the take-up spool (120) equal to or greater than a predetermined maximum turn-up failure rate; Determining, using the processing circuitry (110), at least one take-up spool performance parameter of the take-up spool (120) identified based on measurements from at least one sensor (160) comprises: determining a number of turn-up failures associated with the take-up spool (120); comparing it to the total number of winding cycles performed by the take-up spool (120) to determine the turn-up failure rate of the take-up spool (120); Equipped with determining, using the processing circuitry (110), that there is a performance fault in the identified take-up spool (120) comprises comparing the turn-up failure rate of the take-up spool (120) to the preset maximum turn-up failure rate; The method of claim 1.

9. If it is determined that there is a performance impairment of the take-up spool (120), using the processing circuit (110) to generate a first control signal (C1) configured to cause an actuator (170) of the reel portion (100) to remove the take-up spool (120) from the reel portion; The method of claim 1.

10. generating a second control signal (C2) configured to cause the same or another actuator (170, 190) of the reel unit to replace the removed take-up spool with a new take-up spool from a take-up spool storage unit (101), The method of claim 9.

11. applying the marker to the take-up spool prior to detecting the unique identification code associated with the take-up spool from the marker; The method of claim 1.

12. For each unique take-up spool (120), a value of the weight of said unique take-up spool is measured and stored in memory (150) in association with each unique take-up spool; For each of said at least one take-up spool (120): retrieving, in the processing circuit (110), the measured weight value of the identified take-up spool (120) from the memory (150); using the processing circuitry (110) to determine a desired nip load for the reel portion (100) based on the weight of the identified take-up spool (120); using the processing circuitry (110) to control the nip load of the reel portion (100) based on the desired nip load; Further provided with The method of claim 1.

13. For each unique take-up spool (120), a weight value of said unique take-up spool is measured and stored in memory (150) in association with each unique take-up spool; For each of the at least one take-up spool (120) entering the weighing station (104) of the reel section (100): determining a total weight of the take-up spool (120) and the paper products (P) wound thereon using a weighing device located at the weighing station (104) and communicatively connected to the processing circuit (110); receiving or retrieving the total weight determined by the weighing device in the processing circuit (110); receiving or retrieving the weight of the take-up spool (120) from the memory (150) in the processing circuit (110); determining, using a processing circuit (110), the exact weight of the paper product (P) wound on the take-up spool (120) by subtracting the removed weight of the take-up spool (120) from the determined total weight; Further provided with The method of claim 1.

14. At least one of the at least one detector (140) is used to determine a unique core identification code ID associated with the core attached to the take-up spool (120). CORE from a core marker on the core; The unique core identification code ID is detected using a processing circuit (110) communicatively connected to the detector (140). CORE identifying the core based on Furthermore, using the processing circuitry (110) to determine whether there is a performance impairment of the identified take-up spool (120) based also on stored or measured information regarding the performance of the core; The method of claim 1.

15. 1. A system for monitoring the performance of at least one take-up spool in a reel section (100) of a paper machine, comprising: at least one take-up spool (120) each having a respective marker (130) carrying information relating to a unique identification code ID associated with said take-up spool (120); at least one detector (140) configured to detect the respective marker (130) on each take-up spool (120), the at least one detector (140) being operably connected to the reel section (100) and positioned during a take-up cycle of the at least one take-up spool (120); at least one sensor (160) configured to determine a parameter indicative of the performance of the take-up spool (120); Memory (150) and a processing circuit (110) communicatively connected to the at least one detector (140), the at least one sensor (160), and the memory (150); Equipped with each of the at least one detector (140) is configured to detect, for each of the at least one take-up spool (120), a unique identification code ID associated with the take-up spool (120) from the respective marker (130) on the take-up spool (120); The processing circuit (110) calculates, for each of the at least one take-up spool (120): Identifying the take-up spool (120) based on the unique identification code ID; determining at least one take-up spool performance parameter for the identified take-up spool (120) based on measurements from one or more of the at least one sensor (160); determining whether there is a performance impairment of the identified take-up spool (120) based on whether the determined at least one take-up spool performance parameter satisfies requirements indicative of an impairment of the performance of the take-up spool (120); It is configured as follows: system.

16. The processing circuit (110) calculates, for each of the at least one take-up spool (120): receiving a detection signal (S, S', S'') from one of said at least one detector (140), said detection signal (S, S', S'') being indicative of said detected unique identification code ID; The unique identification code ID is stored in the memory (150). 1...n wherein each unique identification code in the set is stored in association with a respective unique take-up spool (120); If a match is found between the detected unique identification code ID and a unique identification code in the set stored in a database, the matching unique identification code ID n identifying the take-up spool (120) as the take-up spool associated with and identifying the take-up spool (120) based on the unique identification code ID by 16. The system of claim 15.

17. the processing circuitry (110) is further configured to retrieve at least one performance parameter from the memory (150) and to determine, for each of the at least one take-up spool (120), at least one take-up spool performance parameter of the identified take-up spool (120) also based on the retrieved at least one performance parameter.

16. The system of claim 15.

18. the processing circuit (110) is configured to determine that there is a performance fault in the identified take-up spool (120) if the determined number of cycles performed by the take-up spool (120) in the reel section (100) exceeds a preset maximum number of cycles.

16. The system of claim 15.

19. the at least one sensor (160) comprises at least one vibration sensor; the processing circuit (110) is configured to determine, based on one or more measurements from the at least one vibration sensor, at least one vibration value indicative of vibrations of a component or portion of the reel portion (100) caused by the take-up spool (120); the processing circuit (110) is further configured to determine that there is a performance impairment of the identified take-up spool (120) by comparing each of the at least one vibration value to a respective vibration threshold value indicative of a maximum allowable vibration value for a take-up spool (120) in equilibrium.

16. The system of claim 15.

20. The take-up spool (120) is an expandable core shaft; the at least one sensor (160) measures pressure within the expandable core shaft; at least one pressure sensor configured to send the measured pressure value to the processing circuit (110); the condition indicating a performance impairment comprises the take-up spool (120) having a valve leak; The processing circuit (110) is configured to determine that there is a performance fault in the identified take-up spool (120) when the measured pressure value deviates from a reference pressure value of the inflatable core shaft by more than an allowable tolerance.

16. The system of claim 15.

21. the condition indicating a performance failure of the take-up spool (120) comprises a turn-up failure rate of the take-up spool (120) equal to or greater than a predetermined maximum turn-up failure rate; The processing circuit (110) determining a number of turn-up failures associated with said take-up spool (120); comparing the number of failures to turn up the take-up spool (120) with the total number of winding cycles performed by the take-up spool (120) to determine a percentage of failures to turn up the take-up spool (120); It is configured as follows: The processing circuit (110) is further configured to determine that there is a performance fault in the identified take-up spool (120) if the turn-up failure rate of the take-up spool (120) is equal to or greater than the preset maximum turn-up failure rate.

16. The system of claim 15.

22. If the performance of the take-up spool (120) is determined to be impaired, the processing circuit (110) is configured to generate a first control signal (C1) configured to cause an actuator (170) of the reel portion (100) to remove the take-up spool (120) from the reel portion.

16. The system of claim 15.

23. the processing circuit (110) is configured to generate a second control signal (C2) configured to cause the same or another actuator (170, 190) of the reel unit to replace the removed take-up spool with a new take-up spool from a take-up spool storage unit (101).

23. The system of claim 22.

24. For each unique take-up spool (120), a value of the weight of the unique take-up spool is measured and stored in the memory (150) in association with each unique take-up spool; The processing circuit (110) Retrieving the weight of the identified take-up spool (120) from the memory (150); determining a desired nip load in the reel portion (100) based on the identified weight of the take-up spool (120); controlling the nip load of the reel portion (100) based on the desired nip load; further configured as follows:

16. The system of claim 15.

25. For each unique take-up spool (120), a value of the weight of the unique take-up spool is measured and stored in the memory (150) in association with each unique take-up spool; a weighing device disposed at a weighing station (104), communicatively connected to the processing circuit (110), and configured to determine a total weight of the take-up spool (120) and the paper products (P) wound onto the take-up spool when the take-up spool (120) is at the weighing station (104) in the reel section (100); The processing circuit (110) receiving or retrieving the determined total weight in the processing circuit (110) from the weighing device; receiving or removing the weight of the take-up spool (120) from the memory (150); determining the exact weight of the paper product (P) wound on the take-up spool (120) by subtracting the unwound weight of the take-up spool (120) from the determined total weight; further configured as follows:

16. The system of claim 15.

26. and performing the monitoring of the performance of the at least one take-up spool (120) for each take-up spool (120) that falls within a detection range (DR) of one of the at least one detector (140).

16. The system of claim 15.

27. At least one of the at least one detector (140) detects a unique core identification code ID associated with a core attached to the take-up spool (120). CORE from a core marker on the core, The processing circuit (110) The unique core identification code ID CORE identifying the core based on determining whether there is a performance impairment of the identified take-up spool (120) based also on stored or measured information regarding the performance of the core; further configured as follows:

16. The system of claim 15.

28. A paper machine comprising a system according to any one of claims 15 to 27 as a monitoring system.

29. a computer program loadable onto a non-volatile data carrier (225) communicatively connected to the processor (223), The computer program comprises software for performing the method according to any one of claims 1 to 14 when executed on the processor (223), Computer program.

30. 30. The computer program of claim 29, Non-volatile data carrier.

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