Integration of Frequency Domain Spectrum Shaping, Spectrum Spreading, and Tone Reservation

Abstract

The present disclosure provides a communication apparatus and a communication method for integrating frequency domain spectrum shaping (FDSS), spectrum spreading, and tone reservation. The communication apparatus, during operation, determines one or more frequency components of the SE part and one or more other frequency components of the non-SE part based on control information related to the spectrum spreading (SE) part and the non-SE part of a signal, generates a compensation signal based on the one or more frequency components of the SE part, and generates a signal with reduced peaks based on the compensation signal, and includes a circuit, and a transmission unit that transmits the signal with reduced peaks during operation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present disclosure relates to a communication apparatus and a communication method that integrate frequency domain spectral shaping (FDSS), spectrum spreading, and tone reservation.

Background Art

[0002] In Release 15 of the technical specifications of the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP), NR supports frequency domain spectral shaping (FDSS) without spectrum spreading for π / 2 binary phase-shift keying (BPSK), and reduces maximum power reduction (MPR) and peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR). Specifically, FDSS uses an FDSS filter (for example, a shaping function) to form a pulse that decays faster than a pulse such as a basic periodic sinc function, and reduces the peak of the side lobe (of the pulse), thereby realizing the reduction of MPR and PAPR. For example, the uplink (UL) transmitter 600 of the New Radio (NR) in FIG. 6 includes an FDSS module 602 for shaping the output from the discrete Fourier transform (DFT) module 604.

[0003] MPR / PAPR is OBO = P sat -P out (where P sat is the saturated output power, and P outIt can be measured as the output back-off (OBO) value of a power amplifier (PA) defined as (where is the actual average output power). When a low OBO value is achieved, a higher output power can be obtained from a given PA system under given radiation constraints and transmission signal passband quality requirements. Therefore, the coverage performance can be improved using a high output power. In Rel. 16, in order to reduce the MPR / PAPR to the same level as the data symbol, the study of FDSS continues for designing a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) with reduced PAPR in the case of a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) using π / 2 BPSK.

[0004] However, there is still no discussion on communication devices and methods for integrating FDSS with spectrum spreading and tone reservation.

[0005] Therefore, there is a need for communication devices and methods that provide a feasible technical solution for integrating FDSS with spectrum spreading and tone reservation. Further, other desirable features and characteristics will become apparent from the following detailed description and the appended claims in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and the background of the present disclosure.

Prior Art Documents

Non-Patent Documents

[0006]

Non-Patent Document ①

Non-Patent Document ②

Non-Patent Document ③

Non-Patent Document ④

Non-Patent Document ⑤

Non-Patent Document ⑥

Non-Patent Document 7

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

PROBLEMS TO BE SOLVED BY THE INVENTION

[0007] Non-limiting and exemplary embodiments facilitate providing a communication device and method that integrate FDSS with spectrum expansion and tone reservation.

MEANS FOR SOLVING THE PROBLEMS

[0008] According to a first embodiment of the present disclosure, during operation, based on control information related to a spectrum expansion (SE) part and a non-SE part of a signal, one or more frequency components of the SE part and one or more other frequency components of the non-SE part are determined, a compensation signal is generated based on the one or more frequency components of the SE part, and a signal with reduced peaks is generated based on the compensation signal, a circuit, and during operation, a transmission unit that transmits the signal with reduced peaks is provided.

[0009] According to a second embodiment of the present disclosure, during operation, a circuit that generates control information related to a spectrum expansion (SE) part and a non-SE part of a signal and indicates resource allocation of the SE part and the non-SE part in the frequency domain, and during operation, a base station including a transmission unit that transmits the control information to a communication device is provided.

[0010] According to a third embodiment of the present disclosure, based on control information related to a spectrum expansion (SE) part and a non-SE part of a signal, determining one or more frequency components of the SE part and one or more other frequency components of the non-SE part, generating a compensation signal based on the one or more frequency components of the SE part, generating a signal with reduced peaks based on the compensation signal, and transmitting the signal with reduced peaks, a communication method is provided.

[0011] Note that general or specific embodiments can be implemented as a system, method, integrated circuit, computer program, storage medium, or any optional combination thereof.

[0012] Further advantages and effects in an embodiment of the present disclosure will be clarified from the specification and drawings. Such advantages and / or effects are provided by some embodiments and the features described in the specification and drawings respectively, but not all of them are necessarily provided to obtain one or more identical features.

[0013] The embodiments of the present disclosure are merely examples and will be better understood and readily apparent to those skilled in the art from the following description in connection with the drawings.

Brief Description of the Drawings

[0014]

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Mode for Carrying Out the Invention

[0015] Those skilled in the art can understand that the elements in the figures are explained simply and clearly and are not necessarily drawn to a certain scale. For example, for better understanding of the present embodiment, the dimensions of some of the elements in the figures, block diagrams, or flowcharts may be exaggerated with respect to other elements.

[0016] Some embodiments of the present disclosure will be described by way of example with reference to the drawings. Like reference numerals and letters in the drawings refer to like or equivalent elements.

[0017] In particular, the overall system architecture assumes an NG-RAN (Next Generation - Radio Access Network) having gNBs, and these gNBs terminate the NG radio access user plane (SDAP / PDCP / RLC / MAC / PHY) protocol and the control plane (RRC) protocol for user equipment (UE).

[0018] gNBs are interconnected with each other via the Xn interface. Also, the gNB is connected to the NGC (Next Generation Core) via the Next Generation (NG) interface, more specifically, to the AMF (Access and Mobility Management Function) (e.g., a specific core entity that executes the AMF) via the NG-C interface, and also to the UPF (User Plane Function) (e.g., a specific core entity that executes the UPF) via the NG-U interface. The NG-RAN architecture 100 is shown in FIG. 1 (see, for example, Section 4 of Non-Patent Document 1).

[0019] The user plane protocol stack in NR (see, for example, Section 4.4.1 of Non-Patent Document 1) includes a PDCP (Packet Data Convergence Protocol, see Section 6.4 of Non-Patent Document 1) sublayer, an RLC (Radio Link Control, see Section 6.3 of Non-Patent Document 1) sublayer, and a MAC (Medium Access Control, see Section 6.2 of Non-Patent Document 1) sublayer, and these sublayers are terminated at the gNB on the network side. In addition to this, a new sublayer of the access stratum (AS: Service Data Adaptation Protocol (SDAP)) is introduced on top of PDCP (see, for example, Section 6.5 of Non-Patent Document 1). A control plane protocol stack is also defined in NR (see, for example, Section 4.4.2 of Non-Patent Document 1). An overview of the functions of Layer 2 is described in Section 6 of Non-Patent Document 1. The functions of the PDCP, RLC, and MAC sublayers are described in Sections 6.4, 6.3, and 6.2 of Non-Patent Document 1, respectively. The functions of the RRC layer are described in Section 7 of Non-Patent Document 1. Furthermore, sidelink communication is introduced in Non-Patent Document 1. The sidelink supports direct communication between UEs using a sidelink resource allocation mode, physical layer signals / physical layer channels, and physical layer procedures (see, for example, Section 5.7 of Non-Patent Document 1).

[0020] For example, the Medium-Access-Control (MAC) layer handles scheduling and scheduling-related functions, including multiplexing of logical channels and processing of various numerologies.

[0021] The physical layer (PHY) is responsible for, for example, encoding, PHY HARQ processing, modulation, multi-antenna processing, and mapping of signals to appropriate physical time-frequency resources. The physical layer also processes the mapping of transport channels to physical channels. The physical layer provides services to the MAC layer in the form of transport channels. A physical channel corresponds to a set of time-frequency resources used for the transmission of a specific transport channel, and each transport channel is mapped to a corresponding physical channel. For example, the physical channels are the PRACH (Physical Random Access Channel) for the uplink, PUSCH (Physical Uplink Shared Channel), and PUCCH (Physical Uplink Control Channel), and for the downlink, the PDSCH (Physical Downlink Shared Channel), PDCCH (Physical Downlink Control Channel), and PBCH (Physical Broadcast Channel). Furthermore, the physical sidelink channels include the Physical Sidelink Control Channel (PSCCH), Physical Sidelink Shared Channel (PSSCH), Physical Sidelink Feedback Channel (PSFCH), and Physical Sidelink Broadcast Channel (PSBCH).

[0022] The use cases / deployment scenarios of NR include enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), ultra-reliable and low-latency communication (URLLC), and massive machine type communication (mMTC). These services have diverse requirements regarding data rate, latency, and coverage. For example, eMBB is expected to support peak data rates on the order of three times that provided by IMT-Advanced (20 Gbps for the downlink and 10 Gbps for the uplink) and user-perceived data rates. In contrast, for URLLC, more stringent requirements are imposed, namely, extremely low latency (0.5 ms for the user plane latency for both UL and DL) and high reliability (1 to 10 -5 ) within 1 ms. Furthermore, for mMTC, high connection density (1,000,000 devices per km 2 in an urban environment), wide coverage in harsh environments, and extremely long-lived batteries (15 years) to reduce device cost may preferably be required.

[0023] Therefore, an OFDM numerology (e.g., subcarrier spacing, OFDM symbol duration, cyclic prefix (CP) duration, number of symbols per scheduling interval) suitable for one use case may not function well in another use case. For example, for low-latency services, preferably, the symbol length should be shorter (and thus the subcarrier spacing should be larger) and / or the number of symbols per scheduling interval (also referred to as the transmission time interval (TTI)) should be fewer than that for mMTC services. Furthermore, in deployment scenarios with a large channel delay spread, a longer CP duration may preferably be required compared to scenarios with a short delay spread. To maintain the same level of CP overhead, the subcarrier spacing should be optimized according to the delay spread. In NR, more than two values of subcarrier spacing can be supported. Therefore, currently, subcarrier spacings of 15 kHz, 30 kHz, 60 kHz, … are being considered. The symbol duration T uand the subcarrier spacing Δf is directly related by the formula (Δf = 1 / T u ) as in the case of the LTE system, the term "resource element" can be used to represent the smallest resource unit composed of one subcarrier with respect to the length of one OFDM / SC-FDMA symbol.

[0024] In the new radio system 5G-NR, for each numerology and carrier, a resource grid of subcarriers and OFDM symbols is defined for both the uplink and the downlink respectively. Each element of the resource grid is called a resource element and is identified based on the frequency index in the frequency domain and the symbol position in the time domain (see Non-Patent Document 2).

[0025] The schematic diagram 200 in FIG. 2 shows the functional split between the NG-RAN and the 5GC. The logical nodes of the NG-RAN are the gNB or the ng-eNB (next generation eNB). The logical nodes of the 5GC are the Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF), the User Plane Function (UPF), and the Session Management Function (SMF).

[0026] In particular, the gNB and the ng-eNB handle the following main functions. - Functions of radio resource management such as radio bearer control, radio admission control, connection mobility control, and dynamic resource allocation (scheduling) to the UE in both the uplink and the downlink - IP header compression, encryption, and integrity protection of data Selection of the AMF at UE attachment when the routing from the information provided by the UE to the AMF cannot be determined - Routing of user plane data to the UPF - Routing of control plane information to the AMF - Establishment and release of connections - Scheduling and transmission of paging messages - Scheduling and transmission of system broadcast information (sent from the AMF or OAM) - Configuration of measurements and measurement reports for mobility and scheduling - Transport level packet marking on the uplink - Session management - Support for network slicing - QoS flow management and mapping to data radio bearers - Support for UEs in the RRC_INACTIVE state - Delivery function for non-access stratum (NAS) messages - Radio access network sharing - Dual connectivity - Tight interworking between NR and E-UTRA

[0027] The Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) processes the following main functions. - Function to terminate non-access stratum (NAS) signaling; - Security of NAS signaling; - Access stratum (AS) security control - Core network (CN) node-to-node signaling for mobility between 3GPP access networks; - Reachability of idle mode UEs (including control and execution of paging retransmission) - Registration Area Management - Support for in-system mobility and inter-system mobility - Access Authentication - Access authentication including roaming right check - Mobility management control (subscription and policy) - Support for network slicing - Selection of Session Management Function (SMF)

[0028] Furthermore, the User Plane Function (UPF) processes the following main functions. - Anchor point for RAT-in / RAT-inter mobility (when applicable) - External PDU session point of interconnection with the data network - Packet routing and forwarding - User plane part of packet inspection and policy rule enforcement - Traffic usage reporting - Uplink classifier for supporting routing of traffic flows to the data network - Branching point for supporting multi-home PDU sessions - User plane QoS handling (e.g., packet filtering, gating, UL / DL rate enforcement) - Verification of uplink traffic (mapping from SDF to QoS flow) - Downlink packet buffering and triggering of downlink data notification

[0029] Finally, the Session Management Function (SMF) processes the following main functions. - Session management - Allocation and management of UE IP addresses - Selection and control of the UP function - Configuration of traffic steering in the user plane function (UPF) for routing traffic to the correct destination - Policy enforcement and QoS control part - Downlink data notification

[0030] Sequence diagram 300 of FIG. 3 shows some of the interactions between the UE, gNB, and AMF (5GC entity) in the NAS part when the UE transitions from RRC_IDLE to RRC_CONNECTED (see Non-Patent Document 1).

[0031] The transition steps are as follows. 1. The UE requests to set up a new connection from the RRC_IDLE state. 2 / 2a. The gNB completes the RRC setup procedure. Note: The scenario where the gNB rejects the request is described below. 3. The first NAS message from the UE sent in piggyback fashion in RRCSetupComplete is sent to the AMF.) 4 / 4a / 5 / 5a. Additional NAS messages can be exchanged between the UE and the AMF. See Reference

[22] of Non-Patent Document 3 (3GPP TS 23.122: "Non-Access Stratum (NAS) Functions Related to Mobile Stations in Idle Mode"). 6. The AMF prepares UE context data (including PDU session context, security keys, UE radio capabilities, and UE security capabilities, etc.) and sends it to the gNB. 7 / 7a. The gNB activates the AS security with the UE. 8 / 8a. The gNB performs a reconfiguration to set up SRB2 and DRB. 9. The gNB notifies the AMF that the setup procedure is complete.

[0032] RRC is the upper layer signaling (protocol) used for the configuration of the UE and gNB. In particular, in this transition, the AMF creates UE context data (including, for example, PDU session context, security keys, UE radio capabilities, UE security capabilities, etc.), and sends it to the gNB by means of an INITIAL CONTEXT SETUP REQUEST. Next, the gNB activates the AS security with the UE, which is executed by the gNB sending a SecurityModeCommand message to the UE and the UE responding to the gNB with a SecurityModeComplete message. Thereafter, the gNB executes a reconfiguration to establish the signaling radio bearer 2 (SRB2) and the data radio bearer (DRB), which is by the gNB sending an RRCReconfiguration message to the UE and the gNB receiving an RRCReconfigurationComplete from the UE in response. For a connection with signaling only, since the SRB2 and DRB are not set up, the steps regarding RRCReconfiguration are omitted. Finally, the gNB notifies the AMF by means of an INITIAL CONTEXT SETUP RESPONSE that the establishment procedure has been completed.

[0033] The schematic diagram 400 of FIG. 4 shows several use cases for 5G NR. In the New Radio (NR) of the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP NR), three use cases assumed to support a variety of services and applications by IMT-2020 are considered. The technical specifications for Phase 1 of enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB) have been determined. Current and future work includes, in addition to further expanding eMBB support, standardization for Ultra-Reliable Low-Latency Communication (URLLC) and Massive Machine Type Communication (mMTC). FIG. 4 shows some examples of IMT usage scenarios assumed after 2020 (see, for example, FIG. 2 of Non-Patent Document 4).

[0034] The URLLC use case has strict requirements regarding capabilities such as throughput, latency, and availability, and is assumed as one of the means to realize future vertical applications such as wireless control of industrial manufacturing or production processes, remote medical surgery, power distribution automation in smart grids, and transportation safety. The ultra-reliability of URLLC is supported by identifying technologies to meet the requirements set by Non-Patent Document 5. In the case of NR URLLC in Release 15, important requirements include that the target latency of the user plane is 0.5 ms for the UL (uplink) and 0.5 ms for the DL (downlink). The general URLLC requirement for one transmission of a packet is a Block Error Rate (BLER) of 1E-5 for a packet size of 32 bytes with a user plane latency of 1 ms.

[0035] From the perspective of the physical layer, several methods for improving reliability can be considered. The current room for reliability improvement includes defining a separate CQI table for URLLC, a more compact DCI format, repeated transmission of PDCCH, etc. However, as NR becomes more stable and development progresses (regarding the important requirements of NR URLC), the scope for achieving ultra-high reliability can expand. Specific use cases of NR URLLC in Release 15 include extended reality / virtual reality (AR / VR), e-health, e-safety, and mission-critical applications.

[0036] Furthermore, the technical enhancements targeted by NR URLLC aim to improve latency and reliability. Technical extensions for latency improvement include configurable numerology, mini-slot-based scheduling with flexible mapping, grant-free uplink (for a configured grant), repetition at the mini-slot level in the data channel, and pre-emption in the downlink. Pre-emption means that a transmission for which resources have already been allocated is aborted, and the already allocated resources are used for another transmission that is requested later and has lower latency / higher priority requirements. Therefore, an already permitted transmission is pre-empted by a later transmission. Pre-emption is applied regardless of the specific service type. For example, a transmission of service type A (URLLC) can be pre-empted by a transmission of service type B (such as eMBB). Technical enhancements for reliability improvement include a dedicated channel quality indicator (CQI) / modulation and coding scheme (MCS) table for a target BLER of 1E-5.

[0037] The use cases of mMTC (Massive Machine Type Communication) are characterized by a very large number of connected devices generally transmitting relatively small amounts of data with little impact of latency. The devices need to be low-cost and have an extremely long battery life. From the perspective of NR, utilizing a very narrow bandwidth portion is one possible solution to achieve power saving from the UE's perspective and enable a long battery life.

[0038] As described above, it is predicted that the range of reliability in NR will expand. One important requirement necessary in all cases, especially in the cases of URLLC and mMTC, is high reliability or ultra-high reliability. From the wireless perspective and the network perspective, several mechanisms for improving reliability can be considered. Generally, there are several important areas that may help improve reliability. These areas include compact control channel information, repetition of data channels / control channels, and diversity related to the frequency domain, time domain, and / or spatial domain. These areas are generally applicable to reliability regardless of the specific communication scenario.

[0039] In the case of NR URLLC, for example, additional use cases with more stringent requirements have been identified, such as factory automation, transportation industry, power supply, etc. The more stringent requirements are, depending on the use case, higher reliability (up to 10 -6 levels), higher availability, a packet size of up to 256 bytes, time synchronization on the order of several μs (the value is 1 to several μs depending on the frequency range), and a short latency on the order of 0.5 to 1 ms (especially the target latency of the user plane is 0.5 ms).

[0040] Furthermore, for NR URLLC, several technical enhancements may be possible from the perspective of the physical layer. In particular, enhancements related to the PDCCH (Physical Downlink Control Channel) include compact DCI, repetition of the PDCCH, and increased PDCCH monitoring. Also, enhancements related to UCI (Uplink Control Information) include enhancements to HARQ (Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request) and CSI feedback. Additionally, enhancements to the PUSCH related to mini-slot level hopping and retransmission / repetition have also been recognized. The term "mini-slot" means a transmission time interval (TTI: Transmission Time Interval) that contains a smaller number of symbols than a slot (a slot contains, for example, 14 symbols).

[0041] The 5G QoS (Quality of Service) model is based on QoS flows and supports both QoS flows that require a guaranteed flow bit rate (GBR QoS flows) and QoS flows that do not require a guaranteed flow bit rate (non-GBR QoS flows). Therefore, at the NAS level, a QoS flow is the finest granularity for QoS differentiation in a PDU session. A QoS flow is identified within a PDU session by a QoS flow ID (QFI) that is conveyed within the encapsulation header through the NG-U interface.

[0042] For each UE, 5GC establishes one or more PDU sessions. For each UE, the NG-RAN establishes at least one Data Radio Bearer (DRB) according to the PDU session, as shown above with reference to, for example, Figure 3. Additionally, additional DRBs for the QoS flows of that PDU session can be set later (it depends on the NG-RAN when to set them). The NG-RAN maps packets belonging to different PDU sessions to different DRBs. UL and DL packets are associated with QoS flows by NAS-level packet filters in the UE and 5GC, and UL and DL QoS flows are associated with DRBs by AS-level mapping rules in the UE and NG-RAN.

[0043] Block diagram 500 of Figure 5 shows the 5G NR non-roaming reference architecture (see Section 4.2.1.1 of Non-Patent Document 6). The Application Function (AF) (for example, an external application server hosting 5G services illustrated in Figure 4) interacts with the 3GPP core network to support providing services, for example, influencing the routing of traffic by the application, accessing the Network Exposure Function (NEF), or interacting with the policy framework for policy control (for example, QoS control) (see Policy Control Function (PCF)). Based on the operator's deployment, the application function (AF) considered trusted by the operator can be made to directly interact with the relevant network function. An application function (AF) that is not permitted by the operator to directly access the network function interacts with the relevant network function using an external exposure framework via the NEF.

[0044] Figure 5 further shows further functional units of the 5G architecture for V2X communication, namely, Unified Data Management (UDM), Policy Control Function (PCF), Network Exposure Function (NEF), Application Function (AF), Unified Data Repository (UDR), Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF), Session Management Function (SMF), and User Plane Function (UPF) in 5GC, as well as V2X Application Server (V2AS) and Data Network (DN; e.g., operator services, Internet access, or third-party services). All or part of the core network functions and application services may be deployed and executed in a cloud computing environment.

[0045] In the Rel.15 / 16 FDSS framework, the receiving part of the gNB does not need to know the shaping function (e.g., FDSS filter) used in the UE. With this approach, while UE vendors can pursue specific shaping implementations, the system performance is guaranteed by meeting the minimum RF requirements defined in the specification (e.g., adjacent channel leakage ratio (ACLR), in-band emission (IBE), occupied bandwidth (OBW), error vector magnitude (EVM)). IBE measures the ratio of the power of the allocated physical resource blocks (PRBs) within the channel bandwidth to the power of the unallocated PRBs. EVM measures the distance between the received symbol (using a test receiver) and the original symbol. OBW measures the spectral content of the transmitted signal and is defined as the bandwidth that includes 99% of the total integrated average power. ACLR is another measure of the spectral content of the transmitted signal, especially from the perspective of adjacent channels. This can be defined as the ratio of the filtered average power centered on the considered channel to the corresponding average power in the adjacent channel. The minimum RF requirements create the boundary conditions for the shaping function implemented in the UE. By defining the minimum RF requirements, the gNB does not need to know the exact FDSS filter or shaping function used in the UE. The minimum RF requirements may vary depending on the modulation order.

[0046] In Non-Patent Document 7, where one of the goals is to reduce MPR / PAPR and improve coverage in the power domain, a new work item (WI) for NR coverage enhancement (CovEnh) in Rel.18 was approved. The new WI includes the following.

[0047] Consider and specify, if necessary, the following enhancements in the power domain (Non-Patent Document 7) · In accordance with the relevant regulations, based on the Rel-17 RAN4 work "Increase in UE Power Cap for CA and DC", enhancements are made to realize an increase in the UE power cap for carrier aggregation (CA) and dual connectivity (DC) (This study is started after the completion of the RAN4 work "Increase in UE Power Cap for CA and DC" and is carried out according to the conclusions from RAN4. This goal will be reexamined and further clarified at the RAN plenary meeting after the completion of the RAN4 work "Increase in UE Power Cap for CA and DC". And the discussions in the WG will not be started until the goal is revised in a clearer scope. Furthermore, both RAN1 and RAN4 are expected to be involved, and the order of "RAN4, RAN1" or "RAN1, RAN4" will be determined later.) · Enhancements for reducing MPR / PAPR. This includes frequency domain spectrum shaping (with and without spectrum spreading) for direct Fourier transform spread OFDM (DFT-S-OFDM), and tone reservation (RAN4, RAN1).

[0048] The FDSS filter (shaping function) used in the UE strongly depends on the resource allocation in the frequency domain. When the size of the resource allocation in the frequency domain increases, the OBO value may increase, which may reduce the reduction value of MPR / PAPR. Therefore, in order to effectively reduce MPR / PAPR, the FDSS filter should be adapted to the EVM spectrum flatness requirement. These observations apply to the FDSS framework regardless of the presence or absence of spectrum spreading. Tone reservation is to reserve tones (sub-carriers or resource allocations in the frequency domain) for the UE to generate compensation signals added to the original signal to achieve a signal with reduced MPR / PAPR. The size of the reserved tones may affect the reduction of MPR / PAPR. In summary, the above methods require dedicated resource allocations in the frequency domain to operate. However, the problem is that it has not been specified how tone reservation and FDSS with spectrum expansion (SE) for improving coverage performance can be realized in NR.

[0049] Existing solutions to address the above problems include using FDSS with SE or tone reservation separately (e.g., these two methods are not used simultaneously). Limited reduction of MPR / PAPR can be achieved, but only separately from each method.

[0050] A possible solution is to use a simple combination of FDSS with SE and tone reservation, where each component functions independently (e.g., for using both methods simultaneously).

[0051] However, it may cause additional problems. For example, the first problem is that the radio resources in the frequency domain are not fully utilized for data, resulting in a decrease in spectral efficiency. Referring to FIG. 7, for example, example 700 shows the radio resource allocation in the frequency domain for UE1, and example 712 shows the radio resource allocation in the frequency domain for UE2. In example 700, SE portions 702 and 704 are added by FDSS with SE, and peak reserved tones (PRTs) 706 and 708 are the reserved tones for UE1. However, it can be seen that only a few tones (e.g., data tone 710) from the legacy resource allocation in the frequency domain in Rel. 15 / 16 FDSS are used for data. Similarly, in example 712, SE portions 714 and 716 are added by FDSS with SE, PRTs 718 and 720 are the reserved tones for UE2, and only the remaining data tone 722 is used for data.

[0052] A second problem is that achievable MPR / PAPR reduction may decrease if the resource allocation in the frequency domain is not properly configured. Referring to FIG. 8, example 800 shows the radio resource allocation in the frequency domain for UE1 and UE2. In example 800, SE portions 802 and 804 and a shared SE portion 806 (e.g., shared by both UE1 and UE2) are added by FDSS with SE, PRTs 808 and 810 are reservation tones for UE1, and PRTs 812 and 814 are reservation tones for UE2. As can be seen in FIG. 8, due to improper configuration of the resource allocation, a part of the reservation tone PRT810 of UE1 overlaps with a part of the data tone of UE2, so FDSS with spectrum expansion and / or tone reservation do not function well. Therefore, tone reservation may affect the effect of FDSS with SE for reducing achievable MPR / PAPR reduction.

[0053] FIG. 9 shows an exemplary diagram of an NR UL transmitter using FDSS with SE and tone reservation according to various embodiments of the present disclosure. The SE portions 914 and 916 of the output signal from the DFT process (or FFT process) (e.g., the output signal of the DFT module 902) are formed by replicating or adding the upper part of the non-SE portion 912 to the lower end of the non-SE portion 912 (e.g., to form the SE portion 916), and replicating or adding the lower part of the non-SE portion 912 to the upper end of the non-SE portion 912 (e.g., to form the SE portion 914). Alternatively, the SE portions 914 and 916 of the output signal from the DFT process (or FFT process) are formed by adding two additional portions to the upper and lower parts of the non-SE portion, respectively, and these two additional portions are set by the gNB or pre-set (or pre-defined) in the technical specifications. After forming the SE portions 914 and 916 (e.g., after passing through the SE process of the SE module 904), the output signal from the SE module 904 undergoes the FDSS processing of the FDSS module 906, and the output signal is multiplied by a weight (e.g., the FDSS filter coefficients of the shaping function of the FDSS module 906) to obtain a first signal 918 mapped to the non-SE portion 912. In other words, to obtain the first signal 918 mapped to the non-SE portion 912, the output signal passes through the FDSS filter. Further, a second signal 919 is obtained by multiplying a part of the output signal by another weight and is mapped to the SE portions 914 and 916. Similarly, in other words, to obtain the second signal 919 mapped to the SE portions 914 and 916, a part of the output signal passes through the FDSS filter. The plurality of subcarriers includes a set of subcarriers for the SE portions 914 and 916 and the remaining subcarriers for the non-SE portion 912.

[0054] After the FDSS process in the FDSS module 906, the signal undergoes an element mapping in module 908 that generates a compensation signal 922 in the frequency domain (e.g., based on SE portions 914 and 916). The first signal 918 and the second signal 919 are used to create a composite signal in the frequency domain (e.g., composite signal 920 in the frequency domain before the inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) process). After the IFFT process, the composite signal 920 is converted to the time domain (e.g., converted to composite signal 921 in the time domain after the IFFT process). Further, the compensation signal 922 in the frequency domain is created by including several values for the SE portion and zero values for the non-SE portion. After the IFFT process, the compensation signal 922 is converted to a compensation signal 923 in the time domain and is used by a peak control algorithm such as a control unit to control the peak of the composite signal 921 in the time domain (e.g., for the process of tone reservation), thereby obtaining a composite signal 924 with a small MPR / PAPR. Alternatively, the composite signal 920 and the compensation signal 922 may be combined before the inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) process, and then the composite signal may be converted to the time domain.

[0055] In principle, in FIG. 9, the process of the method of FDSS with SE includes the SE process of the SE module 904 and the FDSS process of the FDSS module 906. The purpose of FDSS is to reduce the peak of the (pulse) side lobe, and the purpose of the SE part is to provide a longer time separation between adjacent pulses to further reduce the peak. Basically, in the process of the method of FDSS with SE, when the SE part is large, a short pulse tail of the side lobe and a small pulse amplitude of the side lobe can be achieved. Therefore, the achievable MPR / PAPR value can be small. On the other hand, when the SE part is small, the pulse tail of the side lobe becomes long and the pulse amplitude of the side lobe becomes large. Therefore, the achievable MPR / PAPR value can still remain high. Furthermore, in the process of the tone reservation method, the purpose is to further reduce the peak of the composite signal by solving an optimization problem (e.g., a convex problem) based on the compensation signal 922. Since it is an optimization problem, it can be solved using an iterative algorithm.

[0056] Advantageously, by using both the method of FDSS with SE and the tone reservation method so that the coverage performance can be improved using high output power, it is possible to enjoy the reduction of MPR / PAPR. This advantage is important. Because considering the spectral efficiency, the SE part can actually be set to a size that can only slightly reduce the MPR / PAPR by the process of the method of FDSS with SE. In this case, the process of the tone reservation method can contribute to further reducing the MPR / PAPR. Furthermore, in this solution, since the compensation signal of the tone reservation process is mapped only to the SE part to address the first and second problems, the above-mentioned first and second problems are also solved. Generally, compared with the possible solutions described above, when a simple combination of FDSS with SE and tone reservation is used, this solution can provide better performance in terms of MPR / PAPR and spectral efficiency. That is, there is a possibility of achieving a low value of MPR / PAPR and a higher spectral efficiency.

[0057] In the above solution, the weight may be a coefficient of a shaping function (e.g., FDSS filter). The plurality of sub-carriers can be replaced with a physical resource block (PRB), or a resource block (RB), or a resource element (RE), or a bandwidth part (BWP) in the frequency domain. One PRB / RB contains 12 sub-carriers, or can be replaced with non-overlapping sub-band full duplex (SBFD) / cross-division duplex (XDD). The non-SE part can be used for both data and DMRS, while the SE part can only be used for DMRS. Therefore, the DMRS in both the SE part and the non-SE part can be used for channel estimation to achieve diversity gain.

[0058] It is possible to have the same or different settings of resource allocation between two or more different UEs where the SE parts overlap. FIG. 10 shows an example of the settings of resource allocation in the frequency domain for different UEs (e.g., resource allocation 1000 for UE#1 and resource allocation 1002 for UE#2). Here, there is a non-overlapping part of SE between UE#1 and UE#2, and there are different settings for the SE part and the non-SE part for each UE. Example 1100 in FIG. 11 shows another example of the settings of resource allocation in the frequency domain for different UEs (e.g., UE#1 and UE#2). Here, there is an overlapping part of SE (e.g., overlapping part 1102) between the resource allocations of UE#1 and UE#2, and there are the same settings for the SE part and the non-SE part for both UEs.

[0059] In one embodiment, the UE may receive a notification (e.g., control information) related to the SE part and the non-SE part. After receiving the notification, the UE may determine the SE part and the non-SE part according to three options. - Option 1: The SE part may be deterministic (e.g., predefined based on the number of physical resource blocks, modulation order, and other factors further described below), and the non-SE part is determined based on the conventional frequency domain resource allocation (FDRA) specified in the current technical specification (e.g., BW legacy is used as a parameter describing the UE's legacy FDRA). - Option 2: The SE part is configurable based on the legacy FDRA (BW legacy ) and the notification (α). - The SE part can be expressed as α×BW legacy . If the SE part is an additional part with respect to BW legacy , multiple subcarriers of the non-SE and SE parts can be expressed as (1 + α)×BW legacy , and BW legacy is the non-SE part (as shown in FIGS. 10 and 11, for example). - If both the non-SE part and the SE part are restricted within BW legacy , the non-SE part can be expressed as (1 - α)×BW legacy . Referring to FIG. 12, for example, the non-SE part 1202 of UE#1 (e.g., expressed as (1 - α)×BW legacy 1) and the SE part 1204 (e.g., expressed as α×BW legacy 1) are both restricted within BW legacy 1 in the resource allocation 1200, and the non-SE part 1208 of UE#2 (e.g., expressed as (1 - α)×BW legacy 2) and the SE part 1210 (e.g., expressed as α×BW legacy 2) are restricted within BW legacy 2 in the resource allocation 1206. - If α is a constant value or specified in the specification, Option 2 can be regarded as a variation of Option 1. - Alternatively, α may be small when the non-SE part is large, and α may be large when the non-SE part is small. In other words, the SE part may be small when the non-SE part is large, and the SE part may be large when the non-SE part is small. - Alternatively, the ratio of the SE part to the non-SE part may be small when the non-SE part is large, and the ratio of the SE part to the non-SE part may be large when the non-SE part is small. - Option 3: The SE part and the non-SE part can each be set based on a notification including a parameter pair such as, for example, (α, β).

[0060] Regarding Options 1 to 3 above, since the SE part of the UE may affect the reduction of MPR / PAPR, it should not overlap with the non-SE part of other UEs. The same DMRS density can be applied to both the SE part and the non-SE part. The UE may determine the transport block size (TBS) of the PUSCH based on the total number of subcarriers in the non-SE part. In Option 2, when the SE part is an additional part of the non-SE part (for example, an additional part for BW legacy ), the wider the non-SE part, the wider the SE part can be. When the non-SE part is wide, a narrow SE part may be sufficient.

[0061] In Option 1, after receiving the control information, the UE understands that the integration of FDSS, SE, and tone reservation has been triggered. The SE part can be determined as the number of physical resource blocks (PRBs) (e.g., 1 PRB, 2 PRBs, etc.) in a decisive (e.g., pre-defined) manner. Also, the SE part can be determined based on the modulation order (e.g., the SE part may contain fewer sub-carriers for a low modulation order and more sub-carriers for a high modulation order. This is because a high modulation order generates a high PAPR, and more sub-carriers are required in the SE part to reduce this high PAPR. For example, the SE part may contain 2 PRBs for π / 2 BPSK / QPSK and 4 PRBs for a higher modulation order). Alternatively, the SE part can depend on the size of the legacy FDRA (e.g., the SE part may contain fewer sub-carriers for a small legacy FDRA and more sub-carriers for a wide legacy FDRA. For example, if the legacy FDRA contains 4 PRBs, the SE part may contain 2 PRBs, and if the legacy FDRA contains 20 PRBs, it may contain 4 PRBs). The control information can be signaled by a notification within the downlink control information (DCI) (e.g., spare bits can be used. If the value of the spare bit is "1", it means that the integration has been "triggered". Otherwise, the integration has not been "triggered"). Alternatively, the notification can be indicated by a MAC control element (MAC CE) or radio resource control (RRC) (e.g., a new entry is proposed in PUSCH-Config, such as FDSSwSEnTR = ENUMERATED{triggered, not_triggered}), or by an implicit notification based on other signaling or configuration from the base station (gNB) (e.g., a new entry is proposed in PUSCH-Config, such as FDSSwSEnTR = ENUMERATED{triggered, not_triggered}). By using the notification within the MAC CE / RCC or other signaling or implicit notification by combination, it is possible to save signaling overhead.Note that the dependency between the modulation order and the SE part can be considered when calculating the candidate values of α by the gNB in Option 2 and when calculating the candidate values (α, β) in Option 3 for the purpose of defining the SE part with these options.

[0062] In Option 2, when receiving control information, the UE understands that the integration of FDSS with SE and tone reservation has been triggered, and uses that notification to determine the SE part and the non-SE part of the signal. The notification (α) can be signaled by a notification within the DCI (e.g., a list of candidate values of α, e.g., {0.1, 0.2}, set by the MAC-CE / RRC and the spare bits of the DCI can be used to indicate one of the values used for α), a notification within the MAC CE or RRC, or an implicit notification based on other signaling or configuration from the gNB.

[0063] The notification within the MAC CE / RRC of Option 2 can be based on a bitmap-based approach (e.g., when the size of the legacy FDRA (BW legacy ) is N subcarriers (or PRBs), the length of the bitmap is N bits. When the bit value in the bitmap is "0", this subcarrier (or PRB) is used for the SE part. When the bit value is "1", this subcarrier (or PRB) is used for the non-SE part. For example, if the legacy FDRA has 4 consecutive PRBs and the bitmap is notified as 0110, the UE can determine that the first and fourth PRBs correspond to the SE part and the second and third PRBs correspond to the non-SE part. Alternatively, the notification within the MAC CE / RRC of Option 2 can be a value-based approach. For example, α is signaled as a value from a list of candidate values such as {0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9}. For example, if the legacy FDRA has 10 consecutive PRBs and α is notified as 0.2, the UE can determine that the first and last PRBs correspond to the SE part and the remaining PRBs correspond to the non-SE part. It will be understood that there are other possibilities for the list of candidate values of α.

[0064] In the signaling of Option 2, to trigger the integration of FDSS with SE and tone reservation, a notification such as an Alpha information element (IE) may be proposed in the PUSCH-Config IE, and the UE may use the IE to determine the SE part and the non-SE part. For example, FIG. 13 shows an example of a PUSCH-Config IE 1300 according to Option 2, where the candidate values of Alpha are listed as {0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9}, and one of the candidate values of Alpha is notified (see reference 1302). Currently, for type 1 uplink resource allocation, the legacy FDRA is based on the resource indication value (RIV) corresponding to the starting virtual resource block RB start and the length L of the continuously allocated resource blocks RBs shown by the FDRA bit field in the DCI. To integrate FDSS with SE and tone reservation, the FDRA bit field can be reused to indicate the RIVs of the SE part and the non-SE part according to the following formula and the following operations. Here, RIV SE_1 and RIV SE_2 are the RIVs of the upper and lower sub-parts of the SE part respectively, and RIV non-SE is the RIV of the non-SE part.

[0065] (L RBs -1) ≤ [N BWP size / 2], if RIV = N BWP size (L RBs -1) + RB start and RIV SE_1 = RIV SE_2 = [Alpha × RIV / 2], RIV non-SE = RIV - RIV SE_1 - RIV SE_2 and (L RBs -1) ≤ [N BWPsize If it is not / 2, RIV = N BWP size (N BWP size -L RBs +1)+(N BWP size -1-RB start ) and RIV SE_1 = RIV SE_2 =[Alpha × RIV / 2] and RIV non-SE = RIV - RIV SE_1 -RIV SE_2 is.

[0066] (In the formula, L RBs is ≧ 1 and (N BWP size -RB start ) is not exceeded.)

[0067] Furthermore, an implicit notification based on other signaling or settings from the gNB can be provided based on a table of candidate values of α set by MAC-CE / RRC. The MCS bit field (or other existing bit field) is reused, for example, to indicate the row index of a table containing the value of α as shown in Table 1 below. This notification can also be used to jointly indicate the non-SE part and the SE part in Option 2.

Table 1

[0068] In Option 3, upon receiving control information, the UE understands that the integration of FDSS, SE, and tone reservation is triggered, and uses the pair parameter (α,β) as a notification for separately determining the SE part and the non-SE part. α indicates the set of subcarriers of the SE part, and β indicates the set of other subcarriers of the non-SE part. The signaling approach of Option 2 can also be used to indicate the pair parameter (α,β) of Option 3. For example, based on the value-based approach of Option 2, (α,β) can be signaled as a pair from a list of candidate pairs such as {(2,2),(2,4), etc.} for Option 3. Here, the units of α and β are PRBs. Among Options 1 to 3, in Option 1, there is no explicit notification for determining the SE part, while in Option 2 (e.g., α) and Option 3 (e.g., (α,β)), there is an explicit notification for determining the SE part.

[0069] In one embodiment, the SE part can be set to a specific size or less of PRBs. The specific size can be set small in Frequency Range 1 (FR1) and large in Frequency Range 2 (FR2). Here, the frequency band of FR2 is higher than that of FR1. This can result in reducing the OBO value of the power amplifier. If a low OBO value is achieved, a larger output power can be obtained while meeting the minimum RF requirements. For example, the SE part can be set or pre-set to 2 PRBs or less and 6 PRBs or less in FR1 and FR2 respectively.

[0070] In one embodiment, different DMRS densities can be applied to the SE part and the non-SE part. For example, referring to Example 1400 in FIG. 14A, a set of subcarriers (e.g., SE / 2 subcarriers) from above and below the non-SE part 1406 (e.g., reference 1404) are replicated to the lower and upper sides of the DFT output respectively to form the SE part 1402, and a higher DMRS density (from DMRS density #1 to DMRS density #2) is set in the FDSS with SE (e.g., DMRS density #2 is set for the SE part 1402, and DMRS density #1 is set for the non-SE part 1406). This operation is performed on both sides of the DFT. This advantageously improves channel estimation.

[0071] In one embodiment, as shown in Example 1408 of FIG. 14B, different DMRS densities can be applied to the SE part and the non-SE part. A set of subcarriers (e.g., SE / 2 subcarriers) from the upper / lower side (e.g., reference number 1410) of the DFT output in the non-SE part 1414 is set with a higher DMRS density (from DMRS density #1 to DMRS density #2), and then replicated to the other side of the DFT output of the FDSS with SE and arranged as the SE part 1412 (e.g., DMRS density #1 (e.g., reference 1416) is set for the middle sub-part of the non-SE part, and the same DMRS density #2 as the SE part is set for the upper and lower sub-parts of the non-SE part (e.g., reference 1418)). This operation is performed on both sides of the DFT output. Thereby, channel estimation is advantageously improved.

[0072] In one embodiment, the size of the SE part can be determined based on one or a combination of the spectral efficiency and / or the value of MPR / PAPR (for example, the optimal value of MPR / PAPR reduction is set and used to determine the size of the SE part). The SE part may be a UE-specific value, or a UE type-specific value, or a serving cell-specific value based on the control information received from the gNB, and may depend on the value permitted by the gNB. In Options 2 and 3, when α = 0, there is only the non-SE part, and the high-level solution becomes FDSS without SE or tone reservation, corresponding to the fallback solution specified in Rel.15 / 16. It will be understood that all the above-described embodiments and options are applicable to all uplink channels and signals.

[0073] Figure 15 shows a flowchart 1500 for a UE according to various embodiments. In step 1502, the UE receives a notification (control information) related to the SE part and the non-SE part from the gNB. In step 1504, the UE determines the SE part and the non-SE part according to Option 1 (for example, the SE part is decisive and the non-SE part is a legacy FDRA), Option 2 (for example, the SE part can be set based on the legacy FDRA and α from the notification), or Option 3 (for example, the SE part and the non-SE part can be set based on (α,β) from the notification). In step 1506, the UE reduces the peak of the pulse side lobe by obtaining the first signal of the non-SE part and the second signal of the SE part. In step 1508, the UE generates a compensation signal. In step 1510, the UE further controls the peak of the composite signal including the first and second signals in the time domain using the compensation signal. In step 1512, the UE transmits the composite signal.

[0074] Based on the above embodiments and examples and different criteria described in FIGS. 1 to 15, the base station or gNB prepares resource allocations for the SE part and the non-SE part, generates corresponding control information related to the SE part and the non-SE part, and transmits it to the UE to perform FDSS with spectrum expansion and tone reservation to reduce the peak of uplink transmission. Therefore, the UE can transmit an uplink channel or an uplink signal with a higher output power to improve the coverage performance while meeting the minimum RF requirements. Further, the base station or gNB may be configured to receive an uplink channel or an uplink signal generated based on the above examples and embodiments in the UE and transmitted from the UE. Further, the base station or gNB may be configured to demodulate the received uplink channel or uplink signal using only the non-SE part or using both the non-SE part and the SE part. FIG. 16 shows a flowchart 1600 for a base station (e.g., gNB) according to various embodiments. In step 1602, the gNB prepares resource allocations for the SE part and the non-SE part in the frequency domain. In step 1604, the gNB generates a notification (e.g., control information) related to the SE part and the non-SE part. In step 1606, the gNB transmits the notification to the UE.

[0075] FIG. 17 shows a flowchart 1700 showing a communication method according to various embodiments. In step 1702, one or more frequency components of the spectral expansion (SE) part of the signal and one or more other frequency components of the non-SE part are determined based on control information related to the SE part and the non-SE part. In step 1704, a compensation signal is generated based on one or more frequency components of the SE part. In step 1706, a signal with a reduced peak is generated based on the compensation signal. In step 1708, the signal with a reduced peak is transmitted.

[0076] FIG. 18 shows a schematic partial cross-sectional view of a communication device 1800 that can be implemented according to the various embodiments and examples shown in FIGS. 1 to 17. The communication device 1800 can be implemented as a UE or a base station according to various embodiments.

[0077] The various functions and operations of the communication device 1800 are arranged in each layer according to a hierarchical model. In this model, the lower layer reports to the upper layer and receives commands from the upper layer according to 3GPP technical specifications. For the sake of simplicity, the details of the hierarchical model are not described in the present disclosure.

[0078] As shown in FIG. 18, the communication device 1800 may include a circuit 1814, at least one wireless transmission unit 1802, at least one wireless reception unit 1804, and at least one antenna 1812 (for simplicity, only one antenna is shown in FIG. 18 for illustrative purposes). The circuit 1814 may include at least one control unit 1806. The control unit 1806 is used to execute tasks designed to be executed by at least one control unit 1806 with the assistance of software and hardware. The tasks include controlling communication with one or more other communication devices in a wireless network. The circuit 1814 may further include at least one transmission signal generation unit 1808 and at least one reception signal processing unit 1810. The at least one control unit 1806 controls at least one transmission signal generation unit 1808 for generating signals (e.g., signals indicating a geographical area) to be transmitted to one or more other communication devices via at least one wireless transmission unit 1802, and at least one reception signal processing unit 1810 for processing signals (e.g., signals indicating a geographical area) received from one or more other communication devices via at least one wireless reception unit 1804 under the control of the at least one control unit 1806. The at least one transmission signal generation unit 1808 and the at least one reception signal processing unit 1810 may be stand-alone modules of the communication device 1800 that communicate with at least one control unit 1806 for the above-described functions, as shown in FIG. 18. Alternatively, the at least one transmission signal generation unit 1808 and the at least one reception signal processing unit 1810 may be included in the at least one control unit 1806. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the arrangement of these functional modules is flexible and may vary according to actual needs and / or requirements. Data processing, storage devices, and other related control devices can be provided on a suitable circuit board and / or within a chipset. In various embodiments, during operation, at least one wireless transmission unit 1802, at least one wireless reception unit 1804, and at least one antenna 1812 may be controlled by at least one control unit 1806.

[0079] The communication device 1800 provides functions necessary for integrating FDSS, spectrum expansion, and tone reservation during operation. For example, the communication device 1800 is a UE, and during operation, circuit 1814 determines one or more frequency components of the spectrum expansion (SE) portion of a signal and one or more other frequency components of the non-SE portion based on control information related to the SE portion and the non-SE portion, generates a compensation signal based on one or more frequency components of the SE portion, and may generate a signal with reduced peaks based on the compensation signal. The wireless transmission unit 1802 may transmit a signal with reduced peaks during operation.

[0080] The signal with reduced peaks may be generated by adding a compensation signal to a signal shaped by a frequency domain spectrum shaping (FDSS) filter. Determining one or more other frequency components of the non-SE portion may further include multiplying output information from a discrete Fourier transform (DFT) process (or a fast Fourier transform (FFT) process) by the coefficients of a frequency domain spectrum shaping (FDSS) filter. The SE portion and the non-SE portion may each include one or more subcarriers in the frequency domain. Circuit 1814 may be further configured to determine a transport block size (TBS) for uplink transmission based on the total number of subcarriers in the non-SE portion. The non-SE portion may include more subcarriers than the SE portion.

[0081] The wireless reception unit 1804 may receive control information during operation via downlink control information (DCI), a media access control control element (MAC CE), or radio resource control (RRC), or via an implicit notification based on other signaling or configuration from a base station.

[0082] Circuit 1814 may be set to determine the SE portion based on the non-SE portion. The control information is that the non-SE portion is a legacy frequency domain resource allocation (FDRA) (BW legacy) may well indicate that, in accordance with the notification of control information, circuit 1814 may be further configured to determine the SE portion as the number of a plurality of subcarriers or physical resource blocks (PRBs), or based on the modulation order or size of a legacy FDRA. Circuit 1814 may be configured to determine the SE portion based on the legacy FDRA (BW legacy ) and the parameter α indicated in the control information, and the SE portion is αBW legacy . The control information may indicate a parameter pair (α, β), where α indicates one or more subcarriers of the SE portion and β indicates one or more other subcarriers of the non-SE portion, and circuit 1814 may be configured to determine the SE portion and the non-SE portion based on α and β respectively. Circuit 1814 may be configured to determine the size of the SE portion based on the frequency range (FR) of the SE portion in accordance with the control information. Circuit 1814 may be configured to determine the size of the SE portion based on one or a combination of values of spectral efficiency or maximum power reduction / peak-to-average power ratio (MPR / PAPR).

[0083] Furthermore, communication device 1800 is a base station or gNB, and circuit 1814, during operation, generates control information related to the signal spectral expansion (SE) portion and the non-SE portion, and the control information may indicate the resource allocation of the SE portion and the non-SE portion in the frequency domain. Radio transmission unit 1802 may transmit the control information to the communication device during operation.

[0084] (Control signal) In the present disclosure, the downlink control signal (information) according to the present disclosure may be a signal (information) transmitted via the PDCCH of the physical layer, or may be a signal (information) transmitted via the MAC Control Element (CE) of the upper layer or RRC. The downlink control signal may be a predefined signal (information).

[0085] The uplink control signal (information) according to the present disclosure may be a signal (information) transmitted via the PUCCH of the physical layer, or may be a signal (information) transmitted via the MAC CE of the upper layer or RRC. Also, the uplink control signal may be a predefined signal (information). The uplink control signal may be uplink control information (UCI), first-stage sidelink control information (SCI), or second-stage SCI.

[0086] (Base station) In the present disclosure, the base station may be, for example, a transmission reception point (TRP), a cluster head, an access point, a remote radio head (RRH), an eNodeB (eNB), a gNodeB (gNB), a base station (BS), a base transceiver station (BTS), a base unit, or a gateway. Also, in sidelink communication, a terminal may be used instead of the base station. The base station may be a repeater that relays communication between the upper node and the terminal. The base station may be a roadside unit.

[0087] (Uplink / Downlink / Sidelink) The present disclosure may be applied to any of uplink, downlink, and sidelink.

[0088] For example, the present disclosure may be applied to PUSCH, PUCCH, PRACH in the uplink, PDSCH, PDCCH, PBCH in the downlink, PSSCH (Physical Sidelink Shared Channel), PSCCH (Physical Sidelink Control Channel), PSBCH (Physical Sidelink Broadcast Channel) in the sidelink.

[0089] PDCCH, PDSCH, PUSCH, and PUCCH are examples of a downlink control channel, a downlink data channel, an uplink data channel, and an uplink control channel, respectively. PSCCH and PSSCH are examples of a sidelink control channel and a sidelink data channel, respectively. PBCH and PSBCH are examples of a broadcast channel, and PRACH is an example of a random access channel.

[0090] (Data Channel / Control Channel) This disclosure may be applied to either a data channel or a control channel. For example, the channels of this disclosure may be replaced with PDSCH, PUSCH, PSSCH of a data channel, and PDCCH, PUCCH, PBCH, PSCCH, PSBCH of a control channel.

[0091] (Reference Signal) In this disclosure, a reference signal is a signal known to both a base station and a mobile station, and each reference signal may be referred to as a reference signal (RS) or a pilot signal. The reference signal may be any one of DMRS, Channel State Information - Reference Signal (CSI-RS), Tracking Reference Signal (TRS), Phase Tracking Reference Signal (PTRS), Cell-specific Reference Signal (CRS), and Sounding Reference Signal (SRS).

[0092] (Time Interval) In the present disclosure, the time resource unit is not limited to one or a combination of a slot and a symbol, and may be a time resource unit such as a frame, a superframe, a subframe, a slot, a sub-slot of a time slot, a mini-slot, or a symbol, an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbol, a single carrier-frequency division multiplexing access (SC-FDMA) symbol, or other time resource units. The number of symbols included in one slot is not limited to the number of symbols exemplified in the above-described embodiments, and may be the number of other symbols.

[0093] (Frequency band) The present disclosure may be applied to either a licensed band or an unlicensed band.

[0094] (Communication) The present disclosure may be applied to any of communication between a base station and a terminal (Uu link communication), communication between terminals (side link communication), and vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication. The channels in the present disclosure may also be referred to as a physical sidelink control channel (PSCCH), a physical sidelink shared channel (PSSCH), a physical sidelink feedback channel (PSFCH), a physical sidelink broadcast channel (PSBCH), a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH), a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH), a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH), a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH), and a physical broadcast channel (PBCH).

[0095] Further, the present disclosure can be applied to either a terrestrial network or a non-terrestrial network (NTN) using a satellite or a high altitude pseudo satellite (HAPS) other than the terrestrial network. Further, the present disclosure can also be applied to a terrestrial network having a large cell size or a large delay compared to the symbol length or slot length, such as an ultra-wideband transmission network.

[0096] (Antenna port) An antenna port refers to a logical antenna (antenna group) formed from one or more physical antennas. That is, an antenna port does not necessarily refer to a single physical antenna, and may refer to an array antenna composed of multiple antennas, etc. For example, the number of physical antennas for setting an antenna port is not defined. Instead, an antenna port is defined as the minimum unit that permits a terminal to transmit a reference signal. Also, an antenna port can be defined as the minimum unit for multiplying the weights of a precoding vector.

[0097] As described above, embodiments of the present disclosure provide an advanced communication system, communication method, and communication device that advantageously integrate FDSS, spectrum expansion, and tone reservation.

[0098] The present disclosure can be implemented by software, by hardware, or by software cooperating with hardware. Each functional block used in the description of the above embodiments can be realized, in part or in whole, as an LSI (Large Scale Integration) which is an integrated circuit, and each process described in the above embodiments can be controlled, in part or in whole, by one LSI or a combination of LSIs. The LSI can be formed individually as a chip, or one chip can be formed so as to include some or all of the functional blocks. The LSI can include a data input / output section coupled to itself. Depending on the degree of integration, the LSI is also referred to as an IC (Integrated Circuit), a system LSI, a super LSI, or an ultra LSI. However, the technology for implementing the integrated circuit is not limited to the LSI, and can be implemented by using a dedicated circuit, a general-purpose processor, or a dedicated processor. Furthermore, an FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) that can be programmed after the manufacture of the LSI, or a reconfigurable processor that can reconfigure the connection and setting of circuit cells arranged inside the LSI can also be used. The present disclosure can be implemented as digital processing or analog processing. As a result of the progress of semiconductor technology or another derivative technology, when the LSI is replaced by future integrated circuit technology, the functional blocks can be integrated using the future integrated circuit technology. Biotechnology can also be applied.

[0099] The present disclosure can be implemented by any type of apparatus, device, system having a communication function (collectively referred to as a communication device).

[0100] Non-limiting examples of such communication devices include telephones (e.g., mobile phones, smartphones), tablets, personal computers (PCs) (e.g., laptops, desktops, netbooks), cameras (e.g., digital still cameras / video cameras), digital players (e.g., digital audio players / video players), wearable devices (e.g., wearable cameras, smartwatches, tracking devices), game consoles, digital book readers, telehealth / telemedicine (remote healthcare / medical prescription) devices, and vehicles that provide communication capabilities (e.g., automobiles, airplanes, ships), among various combinations.

[0101] The communication device is not limited to being portable or movable, and includes any type of device, apparatus, system that is not portable or is fixed, such as smart home devices (home appliances, lighting devices, smart meters or measuring devices, control panels, etc.), vending machines, and any "Things" that may exist on other IoT (Internet of Things) networks.

[0102] Communication may include, for example, the step of exchanging data through a cellular system, a wireless LAN system, a satellite system, among others, and various combinations thereof.

[0103] The communication device may include devices such as a control unit or a sensor connected to a communication device that executes the communication function described in the present disclosure. For example, the communication device may include a control unit or a sensor that generates a control signal or a data signal used by the communication device that executes the communication function of the communication device.

[0104] In addition, the communication device may include infrastructure facilities such as base stations, access points, and other devices, apparatuses, systems that communicate or control with devices such as those in the above non-limiting examples.

[0105] Although some characteristics of various embodiments have been described with reference to the apparatus, it is understood that the corresponding characteristics also apply to the methods of the various embodiments, and vice versa.

[0106] Furthermore, statements applicable to various embodiments of the present invention are described below.

[0107] Statement 1 During operation, based on control information related to the spectral expansion (SE) part and the non-SE part of a signal, one or more frequency components of the SE part and one or more other frequency components of the non-SE part are determined, a compensation signal is generated based on the one or more frequency components of the SE part, and a signal with reduced peaks is generated based on the compensation signal, a circuit; and during operation, a transmission unit that transmits the signal with reduced peaks. A communication device comprising.

[0108] Statement 2 In the communication device of Statement 1, the signal with reduced peaks is generated by adding a compensation signal to the signal shaped by a frequency domain spectral shaping (FDSS) filter.

[0109] Statement 3 In the communication device of Statement 2, the compensation signal is set from the zero value components of the non-SE part.

[0110] Statement 4 In the communication device of Statement 1, determining the one or more other frequency components of the non-SE part includes multiplying output information from a discrete Fourier transform (DFT) process by the coefficients of a frequency domain spectral shaping (FDSS) filter.

[0111] Statement 5 In the communication device of Statement 4, determining one or more frequency components of the SE part includes replicating the upper part of the output information to the lower end of the non-SE part, replicating the lower part of the output information to the upper end of the non-SE part, and multiplying the upper and lower parts of the replicated output information using the coefficients of the FDSS filter to form the SE part.

[0112] Statement 6 In the communication device of Statement 1, the SE part and the non-SE part each include one or more sub-carriers in the frequency domain.

[0113] Statement 7 In the communication device of Statement 1, the circuit is further set to determine the transport block size (TBS) for uplink transmission based on the total number of sub-carriers of the non-SE part.

[0114] Statement 8 In the communication device of Statement 6, the non-SE part includes more sub-carriers than the SE part.

[0115] Statement 9 In the communication device of Statement 6, the SE part is less than the size of a plurality of sub-carriers.

[0116] Statement 10 In the communication device of Statement 6, the SE part includes more sub-carriers for a higher modulation order than for a lower modulation order.

[0117] Statement 11 In the communication device of Statement 5, the circuit is further set to apply a DMRS density size higher than the DMRS density size of the non-SE part to the upper and lower parts before duplicating the upper and lower parts of the output information.

[0118] Statement 12 In the communication device of Statement 5, the circuit is further set to apply a DMRS density size different from the DMRS density size of the non-SE part to the formed SE part.

[0119] Statement 13 The communication device of Statement 1 further includes a receiving unit that, during operation, receives control information via downlink control information (DCI), a media access control control element (MAC CE), or radio resource control (RRC), or via an implicit notification based on other signaling or configuration from a base station.

[0120] Statement 14 In the communication device of Statement 1, the circuit is configured to determine the SE part based on the non-SE part.

[0121] Statement 15 In the communication device of Statement 14, the size of the determined SE part is smaller as the size of the non-SE part is larger.

[0122] Statement 16 In the communication device of Statement 14, the ratio of the size of the determined SE part to the size of the non-SE part is smaller as the size of the non-SE part is larger.

[0123] Statement 17 In the communication device of Statement 1, the control information indicates that the non-SE part is a legacy frequency domain resource allocation (FDRA) (BW legacy ) specified in the technical specification, and the circuit is further configured to determine the SE part as the number of a plurality of subcarriers or physical resource blocks (PRBs) in response to the notification of the control information, or to determine the SE part based on the modulation order or size of the legacy FDRA.

[0124] Statement 18 In the communication device of Statement 1, the circuit is configured to determine the SE part based on a legacy FDRA (BW legacy ) and a parameter (α) indicated by the control information, and the SE part is αBW legacy is Statement 19 In the communication device of Statement 18, the bandwidth of the determined SE part is wider as the bandwidth of the non-SE part is wider.

[0125] Statement 20 In the communication device of Statement 18, when the circuit is an additional part with respect to the SE part being BW legacy determines the non-SE part as BW legacy or, when the SE part and the non-SE part are limited within BW legacy the non-SE part is determined as (1-α)BW legacy and is configured to be so determined.

[0126] Statement 21 In the communication device of Statement 1, the control information indicates a parameter pair (α,β), α indicates one or more subcarriers of the SE part, β indicates one or more other subcarriers of the non-SE part, and the circuit is configured to determine the SE part and the non-SE part respectively based on α and β.

[0127] Statement 22 In the communication device of Statement 1, the circuit is set to determine the size of the SE part based on the frequency range (FR) of the SE part according to the control information.

[0128] Statement 23 In the communication device of Statement 1, the circuit is configured to determine the size of the SE part based on one or a combination of the values of spectral efficiency and maximum power reduction / peak-to-average power ratio (MPR / PAPR).

[0129] Statement 24 In the communication device of Statement 1, the circuit is further configured to determine the SE part as a UE-specific value, or a UE type-specific value, or a serving cell-specific value based on the control information.

[0130] Statement 25 A base station comprising, in operation, a circuit that generates control information indicating resource allocation of the SE part and the non-SE part in the frequency domain, which is related to the SE part and the non-SE part of a signal, and a transmitter that transmits the control information to a communication device in operation.

[0131] Statement 26 Based on control information related to the spectrum spreading (SE) part and the non-SE part of a signal, determining one or more frequency components of the SE part and one or more other frequency components of the non-SE part; generating a compensation signal based on the one or more frequency components of the SE part; generating a signal with reduced peaks based on the compensation signal; and transmitting the signal with reduced peaks. A communication method comprising the above steps.

[0132] Those skilled in the art will understand that, without departing from the spirit or scope of the present disclosure widely described, a number of variations and / or modifications can be made to the present disclosure as shown in specific embodiments. Therefore, the present embodiment should be considered exemplary in all respects and not limiting.

Claims

1. During operation, based on control information related to the spectrum expansion (SE) part and the non-SE part of the signal, determine one or more frequency components of the SE part and one or more other frequency components of the non-SE part, generate a compensation signal based on the one or more frequency components of the SE part, generate a signal with reduced peaks based on the compensation signal, a circuit, a transmission unit that transmits the signal with reduced peaks during operation, A communication device comprising:

2. The signal with reduced peaks is generated by adding the compensation signal to a signal shaped by a frequency domain spectrum shaping (FDSS) filter, The communication device according to claim 1.

3. Determining the one or more other frequency components of the non-SE part includes multiplying output information from a discrete Fourier transform (DFT) process by the coefficients of a frequency domain spectrum shaping (FDSS) filter, The communication device according to claim 1.

4. The SE part and the non-SE part each include one or more subcarriers in the frequency domain, The communication device according to claim 1.

5. The circuit is further configured to determine a transport block size (TBS) for uplink transmission based on the total number of subcarriers of the non-SE part, The communication device according to claim 1.

6. The non-SE part includes more subcarriers than the SE part, The communication device according to claim 1.

7. During operation, further comprising a receiving unit that receives control information via downlink control information (DCI), a control element of media access control (MAC CE), or radio resource control (RRC), or via an implicit notification based on other signaling or settings from a base station, The communication device according to claim 1.

8. The circuit is configured to determine the SE part based on the non-SE part, The communication device according to claim 1.

9. The control information indicates that the non-SE part is a legacy frequency domain resource allocation (FDRA) (BW ｌｅｇａｃｙ ) specified by the technical specification, and the circuit is further configured to determine the SE part as the number of a plurality of sub-carriers or physical resource blocks (PRBs) in response to notification of the control information, or to determine the SE part based on the modulation order or size of the legacy FDRA. The communication device according to claim 1.

10. The circuit is configured to determine the SE portion based on the legacy FDRAs (BW ｌｅｇａｃｙ ) and the parameter (α) indicated by the control information, and the SE portion is αBW ｌｅｇａｃｙ . The communication device according to claim 1.

11. The control information indicates a parameter pair (α, β), where α indicates one or more subcarriers of the SE part, β indicates one or more other subcarriers of the non-SE part, and the circuit is configured to determine the SE part and the non-SE part based on α and β, respectively. The communication device according to claim 1.

12. The circuit is configured to determine the size of the SE part based on the frequency range (FR) of the SE part according to the control information. The communication device according to claim 1.

13. The circuit is configured to determine the size of the SE part based on one or a combination of the values of spectral efficiency and maximum power reduction / peak-to-average power ratio (MPR / PAPR). The communication device according to claim 1.

14. A circuit that generates control information related to the signal spectrum expansion (SE) part and the non-SE part during operation, indicating the resource allocation of the SE part and the non-SE part in the frequency domain; A transmission unit that transmits the control information to a communication device during operation; A base station comprising the above.

15. Determining one or more frequency components of the SE part and one or more other frequency components of the non-SE part based on control information related to the signal spectrum expansion (SE) part and the non-SE part; Generating a compensation signal based on the one or more frequency components of the SE part; Generating a signal with reduced peak based on the compensation signal; Transmitting the signal with reduced peak; A communication method including the above.

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