Feed composition, feed preparation method, and feed

Abstract

The present invention provides a feed composition for preparing a feed, comprising: a. A fatty acid mixture, i. 50 wt.% or more, preferably 50-80 wt.%, more preferably 55-65 wt.%, more preferably 57-63 wt.%, and even more preferably 58-63 wt.% of C16:0 fatty acids based on the total amount of the fatty acid mixture. ii. 40 wt.% or more, preferably 15-40 wt.%, more preferably 20-37 wt.%, more preferably 25-35 wt.%, even more preferably 26-30 wt.% of C18:1 fatty acid or a mixture thereof, based on the total amount of the fatty acid mixture. fatty acids, including b. 0.001-8 wt.% of alkali metals, alkaline metals, or mixtures thereof, based on the total weight of the feed composition; The present invention relates to a feed composition comprising:

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a feed composition for preparing feed, a feed prepared from such a feed composition, a feed preparation method, and a feed prepared from such a method. [Background technology]

[0002] Most dairy cows have very high levels of milk production, resulting in a large energy demand. During early lactation, most cows lose a significant amount of weight because their energy intake is lower than the nutritional requirements for milk production. As a result, cows mobilize their body's nutrient stores, especially body fat, to meet their energy demands. Therefore, providing dairy cows with an appropriate diet is very important.

[0003] Currently, there are a variety of rumen-bypassed fats available for animal feeds, particularly for cattle, which can be basically classified as Ca-soap, hydrogenated fat, and fractionated fat products.

[0004] Hydrogenated fat products inherently have a higher content of fatty acid C18:0 than Ca-soap or fractionated fat products, which results in lower fat digestibility compared to fats or products with a higher content of fatty acid C16:0.

[0005] Ca-soap products consist of fats esterified with alkaline earth ions and are intended to stabilize the rumen. However, known products in the prior art (e.g., Mega-Max (Volac Wilmar)) have a strong, pungent odor and taste, which can reduce animal feed intake. Ca-soap products have a low fat content (approximately 84%), an alkaline earth ion content of approximately 11%, and approximately 5% moisture and impurities. In addition, Ca-soap products exhibit relatively low stability at pH levels below 5.6. This is disadvantageous because, for example, during feeding of ruminants with a high starch content diet, the pH level in the rumen decreases, resulting in the degradation of the Ca-soap. Furthermore, corn silage, a major feed ingredient in most agricultural systems, has a pH of 4. Ca-soap can also be degraded in the feed before the animal consumes it.

[0006] Fractionated fats have a high fat content, rich in the fatty acids C16:0 and C18:1, but do not have a slip melting point high enough to be used in livestock feed in some regions. In particular, the C18:1 fatty acid, oleic acid, has a low melting point and is very "soft." This softness makes fractionated fat-based products unsuitable for handling, transport, and storage.

[0007] Therefore, there is a need for a feed composition and an animal feed that overcomes the drawbacks known in the prior art. Summary of the Invention

[0008] The present invention relates to a feed composition, a feed preparation method and the provision of feed, which overcome the above-mentioned drawbacks of the prior art and in particular make it possible to provide a feed (composition), in particular rumen-bypassed fat for cattle, with improved properties, in particular a high fat content, an optimal fatty acid composition and good stability at high temperatures.

[0009] This problem is solved by the features of the independent claims. Advantageous embodiments are defined in the dependent claims.

[0010] In particular, the present invention relates to a feed composition for preparing a feed, comprising: a. A fatty acid mixture, i. 50 wt.% or more, preferably 50-80 wt.%, more preferably 55-65 wt.%, more preferably 57-63 wt.%, and even more preferably 58-63 wt.% of C16:0 fatty acids based on the total amount of the fatty acid mixture. ii. 40 wt.% or less, preferably 15-40 wt.%, more preferably 20-37 wt.%, more preferably 25-35 wt.%, and even more preferably 26-30 wt.% of C18:1 fatty acid or a mixture thereof, based on the total amount of the fatty acid mixture. a fatty acid mixture comprising b. 0.001-8 wt.% of alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, or mixtures thereof, based on the total weight of the feed composition; The present invention relates to a feed composition comprising:

[0011] First, some terminology will be explained with respect to the present invention.

[0012] In the context of the present invention, the term "feed composition" is defined as a composition comprising or consisting of a certain fatty acid mixture (or fatty acid profile) and a certain amount of alkali ions and / or alkaline earth ions, preferably Ca ions, which is used as starting material for preparing feed, preferably for animals, more preferably for ruminants, i.e. from which the corresponding feed is obtained.

[0013] In the context of the present invention, the term "feed" also includes meals, nutrients, and supplemental feed products such as fat supplements, energy supplements, and rumen-stable supplements. Preferably, the feed according to the present invention is a supplemental feed, more preferably a supplemental fat feed, a supplemental energy feed, and / or a supplemental rumen-stable feed. In the context of the present invention, a "supplemental feed" is defined as a secondary feed source used to provide both essential and optional additional attributes that may be missing from the primary feed source. Supplemental feeds cannot be used as the main feed source.

[0014] In the context of the present invention, the term C16:0 fatty acid relates to saturated fatty acids with 16 carbon atoms (hexadecanoic acid), such as palmitic acid.

[0015] In the context of the present invention, the term C18:1 fatty acid relates to monounsaturated fatty acids with 18 carbon atoms (octadecenoic acid), such as oleic acid, vaccenic acid, elaidic acid, petroselinic acid, etc. Preferably, the C18:1 fatty acid is oleic acid (z-9-octadecenoic acid).

[0016] Preferably, the alkali metal and / or alkaline earth metal content of the feed composition is 0.001-5 wt.%, more preferably 0.01-3 wt.%, even more preferably 0.1-2 wt.%, based on the total weight of the feed composition.

[0017] In the context of the present invention, the alkali metals and / or alkaline earth metals are preferably selected from sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and mixtures thereof. In a preferred embodiment, the alkaline earth metal is calcium.

[0018] The fatty acid mixture of the feed composition comprises: iii.C18:0 fatty acids, iv.C8-C 14 a fatty acid or a mixture of fatty acids selected from fatty acids, v. It is preferred that the composition further comprises one or more fatty acids or mixtures of fatty acids selected from C18:2, C18:3, C20:0, and C20:1 fatty acids.

[0019] In the context of the present invention, the term C18:0 fatty acid relates to saturated fatty acids with 18 carbon atoms (octadecanoic acid), such as stearic acid.

[0020] In the present invention, C8-C 14 The term fatty acid refers to saturated and unsaturated fatty acids having 8 to 14 carbon atoms. Preferably, C8-C 14 The fatty acids are selected from C8, C10, C12, and C14 fatty acids. Preferred saturated fatty acids are caprylic acid, capric acid, lauric acid, and myristic acid. Preferred unsaturated fatty acids are monounsaturated fatty acids, more preferably myristoleic acid (C14:1). In a preferred embodiment, C8-C 14 The fatty acids are lauric acid and / or myristic acid.

[0021] In the context of the present invention, the term C18:2 fatty acid refers to an unsaturated fatty acid with 18 carbon atoms (octadecadienoic acid) containing two double bonds in its backbone. Examples of C18:2 fatty acids include linoleic acid and linolelaidic acid. Preferably, the C18:2 fatty acid is linoleic acid.

[0022] In the context of the present invention, the term C18:3 fatty acid refers to an unsaturated fatty acid with 18 carbon atoms and containing three double bonds in its backbone (octadecatrienoic acid). Examples of C18:3 fatty acids include α-linolenic acid, γ-linolenic acid, calendic acid, pucinic acid, α-eleostearic acid, and β-eleostearic acid. Preferably, the C18:3 fatty acid is α-linolenic acid.

[0023] In the context of the present invention, the term C20:0 fatty acid relates to a saturated fatty acid having 20 carbon atoms (e.g. icosanoic acid). Preferably, the C20:0 fatty acid is arachidic acid.

[0024] In the context of the present invention, the term C20:1 fatty acid refers to an unsaturated fatty acid (eicosenoic acid) having 20 carbon atoms and containing one double bond in its backbone. Examples of C20:1 fatty acids include gadoleic acid and gondocic acid. Preferably, the C20:1 fatty acid is gadoleic acid, gondocic acid, or a mixture thereof.

[0025] It is further contemplated that other fatty acids commonly used in animal feeds may be used in the fatty acid mixtures of the present invention, such as, for example, C4:0 (butyric acid), C6:0 (caproic acid), C22:1 (erucic acid), (20:4 arachidonic acid), 20:5 (eicosapentaenoic acid), C22:6 (docosahexaenoic acid), and mixtures thereof. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0026] In a preferred embodiment, the fatty acid mixture does not contain any other fatty acids than those defined in i. to v. above. In this case, the fatty acid mixture preferably contains i. C16:0 fatty acids, ii. C18:1 fatty acids, or mixtures thereof, optionally iii. C18:0 fatty acids, and optionally iv. C8-C 14 and optionally a fatty acid or mixture of fatty acids selected from v. C18:2, C18:3, C20:0, and C20:1 fatty acids.

[0027] Preferably, the fatty acid mixture contains one or more fatty acids in the following respective amounts, based on the total amount of the fatty acid mixture: iii. 4 wt.% or less, preferably 3 wt.% or less, more preferably 0.1-3 wt.%, even more preferably 1-3 wt.% C18:0 fatty acids; iv. 2 wt.% or less, preferably 0.1-2 wt.%, more preferably 1-2 wt.%, even more preferably 1.5-2 wt.% C8-C 14 a fatty acid or a mixture of fatty acids selected from fatty acids, v. Up to 10 wt.%, preferably 0.1-10 wt.%, more preferably 3-10 wt.%, even more preferably 5-10 wt.%, of a fatty acid or fatty acid mixture selected from C18:2, C18:3, C20:0, and C20:1 fatty acids.

[0028] Preferably, the amount of C18:2 fatty acid is less than 10 wt.%, more preferably 5-9 wt.%, even more preferably about 7 wt.%, based on the total amount of the fatty acid mixture.

[0029] Preferably, the amount of each of C18:3, C20:0 and C20:1 fatty acids is less than 0.5 wt.%, based on the total amount of the fatty acid mixture.

[0030] The present invention further provides a method for preparing a feed, comprising the steps of: a. providing a fatty acid mixture, i. 50 wt.% or more, preferably 50-80 wt.%, even more preferably 55-65 wt.%, even more preferably 57-63 wt.%, and even more preferably 58-63 wt.% of C16:0 fatty acids based on the total amount of the fatty acid mixture; ii. 40 wt.% or less, preferably 15-40 wt.%, more preferably 20-37 wt.%, more preferably 25-35 wt.%, even more preferably 26-30 wt.% of a C18:1 fatty acid or a mixture thereof, based on the total amount of the fatty acid mixture; Steps to provide b. adding 0.001-8 wt. % of an alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, or mixture thereof, based on the total weight of the feed composition, to the fatty acid mixture provided in step a; The present invention relates to a method for preparing a feed, comprising:

[0031] According to a preferred embodiment, an alkali metal, alkaline earth metal or mixture thereof is added to the fatty acid mixture provided in step a. The addition is preferably carried out with stirring.

[0032] Preferably, the alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, or mixture thereof is added in the form of an alkali metal soap, an alkaline earth metal soap, or a mixture thereof. More preferably, Ca-soap is added. In another preferred embodiment, the alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, or mixture thereof is added in the form of an oxide, more preferably Ca-oxide. In processes using oxides, water can be added to support the reaction.

[0033] Preferably, for the addition of an alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, or mixture thereof, the fatty acid mixture of step a. is heated to a temperature in the range of 50-140°C, more preferably 60-130°C, and even more preferably 65-120°C. When adding an alkali metal soap, alkaline earth metal soap, or mixture thereof, the fatty acid mixture is preferably heated to a temperature in the range of 60-130°C, and even more preferably 70-120°C. When adding an oxide, the fatty acid mixture of step a. is preferably heated to a temperature in the range of 60-80°C, and even more preferably 65-70°C.

[0034] Furthermore, the present invention relates to a feed prepared from the feed composition of the present invention, preferably from the feed composition according to any one of claims 1 to 6.

[0035] Furthermore, the present invention relates to a feed prepared according to the method of the present invention, preferably a feed prepared by the method according to any of claims 7 to 9.

[0036] Preferably, the feed has a fat content of greater than 85 wt.%, more preferably greater than 90 wt.%, even more preferably greater than 95 wt.%, and even more preferably greater than 97 wt.%, based on the total weight of the feed composition. The fat content is measured after fat extraction and determined by the Werner-Schmid method.

[0037] In a preferred embodiment, the feed has a slip melting point in the range of 60-90°C, preferably 65-80°C, more preferably 70-76°C, and even more preferably about 71°C, measured according to AOCS Official method Cc 3-25, Slip melting point AOCS Standard Open Tube Melting Point, 2009.

[0038] Preferably, the moisture content of the feed is less than 10 wt.%, more preferably less than 5 wt.%, even more preferably less than 4 wt.%, even more preferably less than 3 wt.%, based on the total weight of the feed composition. To determine the moisture content of the feed, a sample is weighed, dried at 105°C for 4 hours, and then weighed again.

[0039] In the context of the present invention, the feed is preferably an animal feed, more preferably a feed for ruminants, more preferably a feed for fattening cattle and / or lactating dairy cows.

[0040] In a preferred embodiment, the feed is in the form of beads, pellets, powder, or flakes, preferably in the form of beads.

[0041] The features described for the feed compositions according to the invention, in particular the ingredients and amounts used, also apply, where appropriate, to the methods and feeds according to the invention.

[0042] Furthermore, the present invention relates to the use of the feed of the present invention as a supplemental feed, preferably as a supplemental fat feed, a supplemental energy feed, and / or a supplemental rumen-stable feed.

[0043] The present inventors have surprisingly found that the feed (composition) of the present invention has improved properties such as high fat content, optimal fatty acid composition, and good stability at high temperatures and also at pH below 5.6 compared to other commercially available products, especially rumen-bypassed fat, because the feed (composition) of the present invention does not represent a Ca-soap or fractionated fat product, but rather a modified fractionated fat.

[0044] It has been surprisingly found that the alkali and alkaline earth ions used do not play a role in stabilizing the fat rumen. Because it is based on fractionated fat, it is already stable in the rumen. The alkali and / or alkaline earth ions, preferably Ca ions, used in the present invention endow the feed with the property of being more stable at high temperatures compared to typical fractionated fats.

[0045] Nevertheless, the amount of calcium ions used in the present invention is small enough to not adversely affect the feed. For example, calcium soap has a high calcium content, which can have a pungent odor and taste and reduce feed intake in livestock. This is not the case with the feed of the present invention.

[0046] Furthermore, the optimal fatty acid mixture (or profile) of the present invention has a significant impact on nutrient digestibility, energy partitioning, and production responses of cattle, particularly dairy cows. A high C16:0 fatty acid content of the feed increases milk production and milk fat yield, while a high C18:1 fatty acid content improves body condition. Therefore, the feed of the present invention, which has high levels of C16:0 and C18:1 fatty acids, increases milk fat and simultaneously improves fat digestibility and fecundity. This means that the feed of the present invention is not only more palatable, but also has a fatty acid composition that is favorable for bioavailability for cattle, particularly lactating dairy cows.

[0047] In the following, advantageous embodiments are explained by way of example. [Example]

[0048] Example a. Feed composition Table 1 below shows the feed composition and the resulting feed characteristics.

[0049] Example 1 shows a preferred embodiment of the feed composition of the present invention. Comparative Example 1 shows the composition of Mega-Max (Volac Wilmar), a prior art Ca-soap feed product.

[0050] [Table 1]

[0051] b. Comparison of different feed types In Table 2 below, the feed of the present invention and its properties are compared with different feeds currently on the market, in particular rumen-bypassed fat (Comparative Examples 1-3).

[0052] Example 2 relates to a feed according to the invention. Comparative Example 2 is a hydrogenated fat product. Comparative Example 3 is the Ca-soap product Mega-Max (Volac Wilmar) with the feed composition described above in Comparative Example 1. Comparative Example 4 relates to the fractionated fat product BergaFat F-100 (Berg+Schmidt).

[0053] [Table 2]

[0054] Measurement method a. Fat content Fat content was measured after fat extraction and determined by the Werner-Schmid method.

[0055] In this method, a sample (dry, 100 °C) is dissolved in concentrated hydrochloric acid and extracted with diethyl ether and petroleum ether (1:1). The solvent is then removed by distillation. The dry residue is weighed. The fat content is calculated from the difference in weight between the original flask and the flask with the extracted fat.

[0056] b. Slip melting point The slip melting point of the feed was measured according to AOCS Official method Cc 3-25, Slip melting point AOCS Standard Open Tube Melting Point, 2009.

[0057] According to this method, the sample is melted and filtered to ensure it is free of moisture or impurities. Three capillaries are immersed in the sample until the tube is 10 mm high and incubated at 4-10°C for 16 hours. The sample is then placed in a water bath at a temperature 10°C lower than the expected slip point. The temperature is increased in 1°C increments. The temperature rise of each sample column is monitored, and the average of the three samples is determined as the slip point.

Claims

1. A feed composition for preparing a feed, comprising: a. a fatty acid mixture, i. 50 wt. % or more, preferably 50-80 wt. %, more preferably 55-65 wt. %, more preferably 57-63 wt. %, and even more preferably 58-63 wt. % of C16:0 fatty acids, based on the total amount of the fatty acid mixture; ii. 40 wt. % or less, preferably 15-40 wt. %, more preferably 20-37 wt. %, more preferably 25-35 wt. %, and even more preferably 26-30 wt. % of a C18:1 fatty acid or a mixture thereof, based on the total amount of the fatty acid mixture; a fatty acid mixture comprising b. 0.001-8 wt. % of an alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, or mixture thereof, based on the total weight of the feed composition; A feed composition comprising:

2. 2. The feed composition according to claim 1, wherein the alkali metal and / or alkaline earth metal content of the feed composition is 0.001-5 wt.%, more preferably 0.01-3 wt.%, and even more preferably 0.1-2 wt.%, based on the total weight of the feed composition.

3. 3. A feed composition according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the alkali metals and / or alkaline earth metals are selected from sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium and mixtures thereof.

4. 4. The feed composition according to claim 3, wherein the alkaline earth metal is calcium.

5. 5. A feed composition according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the fatty acid mixture comprises: iii. C18:0 fatty acids, iv. C ８ -C １４ a fatty acid or a mixture of fatty acids selected from fatty acids, v. a fatty acid or mixture of fatty acids selected from C18:2, C18:3, C20:0, and C20:1 fatty acids; A feed composition further comprising one or more fatty acids or fatty acid mixtures selected from:

6. 6. The feed composition according to claim 5, A feed composition characterized in that one or more fatty acids are contained in a fatty acid mixture in the following respective proportions based on the total proportion of the fatty acid mixture: iii. 4 wt. % or less, preferably 3 wt. % or less, more preferably 0.1-3 wt. %, and even more preferably 1-3 wt. % C18:0 fatty acids; iv. 2 wt. % or less, preferably 0.1-2 wt. %, more preferably 1-2 wt. %, and even more preferably 1.5-2 wt. % C ８ -C １４ a fatty acid or a mixture of fatty acids selected from fatty acids, v. 10 wt.% or less, preferably 0.1-10 wt.%, more preferably 3-10 wt.%, even more preferably 5-10 wt.% of a fatty acid or fatty acid mixture selected from C18:2, C18:3, C20:0, and C21:1 fatty acids.

7. A method for preparing a feed, comprising: a. providing a fatty acid mixture, wherein the fatty acid mixture i. 50 wt. % or more, preferably 50-80 wt. %, more preferably 55-65 wt. %, more preferably 57-63 wt. %, and even more preferably 58-63 wt. % of C16:0 fatty acids, based on the total amount of the fatty acid mixture; ii. 40 wt. % or less, preferably 15-40 wt. %, more preferably 20-37 wt. %, more preferably 25-35 wt. %, and even more preferably 26-30 wt. % of a C18:1 fatty acid or a mixture thereof, based on the total amount of the fatty acid mixture; Steps to provide b. adding 0.001-8 wt. % of an alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, or mixture thereof, based on the total weight of the feed composition, to the fatty acid mixture provided in step a; A method for preparing feed, comprising:

8. 8. The method for preparing a feed according to claim 7, characterized in that an alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, or mixtures thereof is added to the fatty acid mixture provided in step a.

9. 9. A method for preparing a feed according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that the alkali metal, alkaline earth metal or mixture thereof is added in the form of an alkali metal soap, alkaline earth metal soap or mixture thereof, preferably Ca-soap, or in the form of an oxide, preferably Ca-oxide.

10. A feed prepared from the feed composition of any one of claims 1 to 6 or by the method of any one of claims 7 to 9.

11. 11. The feed according to claim 10, characterized in that the feed has a fat content of more than 85 wt.%, preferably more than 90 wt.%, more preferably more than 95 wt.%, even more preferably more than 97 wt.%, based on the total weight of the feed composition.

12. 12. A feed according to claim 10 or 11, characterized in that it has a slip melting point in the range of 60-90°C, preferably 65-80°C, more preferably 70-76°C, even more preferably about 71°C.

13. 13. Feedstuff according to any of claims 10 to 12, characterized in that it is an animal feedstuff, preferably a feedstuff for ruminants, more preferably a feedstuff for fattening cattle and / or lactating cattle.

14. 15. The feed according to any one of claims 10 to 14, in the form of beads, pellets, powder or flakes, preferably in the form of beads.

15. 15. Use of a feed according to any of claims 10 to 14 as a supplement, preferably a fat supplement, a fat, an energy supplement and / or a rumen stable supplement.

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