vehicle

Abstract

According to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a vehicle including a frame, a battery pack including a housing spaced apart from the frame and a plurality of exhaust devices coupled to the housing, and a foam layer interposed between the frame and the battery pack and including a foamable fire-resistant material.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to vehicles. More specifically, the present invention relates to electric vehicles and hybrid electric vehicles powered by electricity. This application claims the benefit of Korean Application No. 10-2023-0071233, filed June 2, 2023, and Korean Application No. 10-2023-0149630, filed November 2, 2023, which are incorporated herein by reference in their entireties. [Background technology]

[0002] Unlike primary batteries, secondary batteries can be charged and discharged multiple times. Secondary batteries are widely used as energy sources for a variety of wireless devices, such as handsets, laptops, and wireless vacuum cleaners. In recent years, improvements in energy density and economies of scale have dramatically reduced the manufacturing cost per unit capacity of secondary batteries. As the driving range of battery electric vehicles (BEVs) has increased to the same level as fuel-powered vehicles, the primary use of secondary batteries has shifted from mobile devices to mobility.

[0003] Since the safety of secondary batteries is directly linked to the lives of vehicle occupants, the core issue in the technological development of vehicle secondary batteries is improving their safety. To improve the safety of secondary batteries, it is essential to design an efficient exhaust path for the high-temperature gas inside the secondary battery. Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0004] The problem to be solved by the technical idea of ​​the present invention is to provide a vehicle with improved safety. [Means for solving the problem]

[0005] According to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention to solve the above-mentioned problems, there is provided a vehicle including a frame, a battery pack including a housing spaced apart from the frame and a plurality of exhaust devices coupled to the housing, and a foam layer interposed between the frame and the battery pack and including a foamable fire-resistant material.

[0006] The foam layer contacts the frame.

[0007] The foam layer spaces the battery pack.

[0008] The foam layer contacts the battery pack.

[0009] The foam layer is spaced from the frame.

[0010] The foam layer contacts each of the battery pack and the frame.

[0011] The area of ​​the foam layer is substantially the same as the area of ​​the lead plate of the battery pack.

[0012] The area of ​​the foam layer is different from the area of ​​the lead plates of the battery pack.

[0013] The area of ​​the foam layer is smaller than the area of ​​the lead plate of the battery pack.

[0014] The area of ​​the foam layer is larger than the area of ​​the lead plate of the battery pack.

[0015] The intumescent fire-resistant material is configured to form an insulative charred layer in the event of a thermal runaway event in the battery pack.

[0016] The foamed layer is porous.

[0017] The volume of the foamed layer is greater than the volume of the foam layer.

[0018] According to an exemplary embodiment, a vehicle is provided, the vehicle including a frame, a battery pack including a housing spaced apart from the frame and a plurality of exhaust devices coupled to the housing, and a foam structure interposed between the frame and the battery pack, each of the foam structures including a capsule and a foam material embedded in the capsule.

[0019] Each of the foam structures overlaps a lead plate of the battery pack.

[0020] When a thermal runaway event occurs in the battery pack, the capsule breaks or disintegrates.

[0021] The foam material is configured to form a foamed layer when a thermal runaway event occurs in the battery pack.

[0022] Each of the foam structures is coupled to the frame.

[0023] Each of the foam structures is coupled to the battery pack. [Effects of the Invention]

[0024] According to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, a foam layer including a foamable fire-resistant material may be provided between the frame of the vehicle and the battery pack, which may improve the safety of the vehicle.

[0025] The effects that can be obtained from the exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited to the effects mentioned above, and other effects not mentioned can be clearly derived and understood from the following description by a person having ordinary skill in the art to which the exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure belong. In other words, unintended effects accompanying the implementation of the exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure can also be derived from the exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure by a person having ordinary skill in the art. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0026] [Figure 1] 1 illustrates a vehicle according to an exemplary embodiment. [Figure 2] The layout of the lead plates and foam layers of the battery pack is shown. [Figure 3] 1 is a diagram illustrating the effects of a vehicle according to an exemplary embodiment. [Figure 4] 1 illustrates a vehicle according to another exemplary embodiment. [Figure 5] 1 illustrates a vehicle according to another exemplary embodiment. [Figure 6] The layout of the lead plates and foam layers of the battery pack is shown. [Figure 7] 1 illustrates a vehicle according to another exemplary embodiment. [Figure 8] The layout of the lead plates and foam layers of the battery pack is shown. [Figure 9] 1 illustrates a vehicle according to another exemplary embodiment. [Figure 10] 1 is a cross-sectional view of a vehicle according to an exemplary embodiment; [Figure 11] The layout of the lead plates and foam structure of the battery pack is shown. [Figure 12] 1 is a cross-sectional view of a vehicle according to an exemplary embodiment; DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0027] Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. Before that, the terms and words used in the specification and claims should not be interpreted as being limited to their ordinary or dictionary meanings, but should be interpreted as meanings and concepts that are consistent with the technical idea of ​​the present invention, based on the principle that the inventor can appropriately define the concepts of the terms to best describe his own invention.

[0028] Therefore, the embodiments described in this specification and the configurations shown in the drawings are merely the most preferred embodiments of the present invention and do not represent the entire technical idea of ​​the present invention, and there may be various equivalents and modifications that can replace them at the time of this application.

[0029] Furthermore, in the description of the present invention, if it is determined that a detailed description of related publicly known structures or functions may obscure the gist of the present invention, the detailed description will be omitted.

[0030] Since the embodiments of the present invention are provided to more completely explain the present invention to those skilled in the art, the shapes and sizes of components in the drawings may be exaggerated, omitted, or shown in a schematic manner for clearer explanation. Therefore, the sizes and proportions of each component do not completely reflect the actual sizes and proportions.

[0031] (First embodiment) FIG. 1 illustrates a vehicle 10 in accordance with an exemplary embodiment.

[0032] FIG. 2 shows the layout of the lead plate 150 and the foam layer 230 of the battery pack 100.

[0033] FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating the effects of vehicle 10 according to an exemplary embodiment.

[0034] Referring to FIGS. 1 and 2, a vehicle 10 may include a battery pack 100, a bottom panel 210, a frame 220, and a foam layer 230.

[0035] According to an exemplary embodiment, vehicle 10 may be a battery electric vehicle (BEV) or a hybrid electric vehicle (HEV). Vehicle 10 may be powered by electric energy stored in battery pack 100. Vehicle 10 is not limited to a passenger car, but may also be, for example, a truck, an electric scooter, an electric wheelchair, an electric motorcycle, or the like.

[0036] The bottom panel 210 may be a battery tray that supports the battery pack 100. The battery pack 100 may be placed on the bottom channel. The frame 220 may provide the shape of the vehicle 10. The frame 220 may be a basic framework that supports mechanical components of the vehicle 10. The frame 220 may be spaced apart from the battery pack 100.

[0037] The battery pack 100 may include a housing 110, a plurality of battery cell assemblies 120, a cross beam 130, a plurality of exhaust devices 140, and a lead plate 150. The battery pack 100 is the final form of a battery system to be installed in a mobility device or the like.

[0038] The housing 110 may provide a space for disposing a plurality of battery cell assemblies 120. The housing 110 may include a base plate 111 and side walls 112, 113.

[0039] Two directions substantially parallel to the upper surface 111U of the base plate 111 are defined as the X direction and the Y direction, and a direction substantially perpendicular to the upper surface 111U of the base plate 111 is defined as the Z direction. The X direction, the Y direction, and the Z direction may be substantially perpendicular to each other. Unless otherwise specified, the definitions of the directions are the same for the following drawings.

[0040] The base plate 111 may include multiple plates joined together by friction stir welding. The base plate 111 may include multiple cooling channels through which a cooling fluid flows. The base plate 111 may include multiple cavities, which may reduce the weight of the base plate 111. Each of the multiple cooling channels and multiple cavities may extend in the X direction.

[0041] The side walls 112, 113 may be coupled to the base plate 111. The side walls 112, 113 may be welded to the base plate 111. The side walls 112, 113 may extend in the Z direction. The side walls 112, 113 may include an internal empty space, which may reduce the weight of the side walls 112, 113. The side walls 112, 113 may further include an exhaust hole connected to the exhaust device 140, which will be described later. The side walls 112, 113 may be substantially perpendicular to the X direction.

[0042] The plurality of battery cell assemblies 120 may be disposed on a base plate 111 of the housing 110. The base plate 111 may support the plurality of battery cell assemblies 120. The side walls 112, 113 may surround the plurality of battery cell assemblies 120 horizontally.

[0043] Each of the plurality of battery cell assemblies 120 may include a plurality of battery cells and a plurality of separators. Each of the plurality of battery cell assemblies 120 may be a modular type or a moduleless type. A modular type battery cell assembly 120 may also include a module frame that surrounds the plurality of battery cells and a plurality of separators. A moduleless type battery cell assembly 120 may not include a module frame.

[0044] Each of the battery cells includes an electrode assembly, an electrolyte, and a case that covers them. The case may be any one of a pouch case, a cylindrical case, and a prismatic case. The pouch case may include an aluminum laminate sheet. The prismatic case and the cylindrical case may include a metal material such as aluminum. The prismatic case may have a square pillar shape. The cylindrical case may have a square pillar shape.

[0045] The electrode assembly housed in the case includes a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a separator interposed between the positive and negative electrodes. The electrode assembly may be either a jelly roll type or a stack type depending on the assembly form. A jelly roll type electrode assembly may include a rolled structure of a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a separator interposed therebetween. A stack type electrode assembly includes multiple positive electrodes, multiple negative electrodes, and multiple separators interposed therebetween, stacked in sequence.

[0046] The battery cells may be configured into banks. The banks may include sets of battery cells connected in parallel. The banks may be connected in series. The current output by the cell stack 121 may be determined by the number of battery cells in each of the banks, and the voltage output by the cell stack 121 may be determined by the number of banks.

[0047] According to an exemplary embodiment, each of the battery cell assemblies 120 may further include separators interposed between the battery cells. The separators may prevent the battery cells from swelling by supporting the battery cells horizontally.

[0048] According to exemplary embodiments, the plurality of separators may be thermal barriers. According to exemplary embodiments, each of the plurality of separators may have a high melting temperature and a low thermal conductivity. According to exemplary embodiments, each of the plurality of separators may include a fire-retardant material, such as ceramic and coated fiberglass. According to exemplary embodiments, each of the plurality of separators may also be configured to release a fire retardant material and a fire extinguishing agent in the event of a thermal runaway event.

[0049] The cross beams 130 may be interposed between the battery cell assemblies 120. The cross beams 130 may separate adjacent battery cell assemblies 120 in the X direction.

[0050] According to an exemplary embodiment, the battery pack 100 may further include a center beam. The center beam may be substantially parallel in the X direction. The center beam may separate the battery cell assemblies 120 adjacent to the sidewalls 112 in the Y direction.

[0051] The plurality of exhaust devices 140 may be coupled to the housing 110. The plurality of exhaust devices 140 may be coupled to the side walls 112, 113 of the housing 110. The plurality of exhaust devices 140 may include a rupture disk or may be of the valve type. The plurality of exhaust devices 140 may be secured to the side walls 112, 113 by a bracket.

[0052] The multiple exhaust devices 140 may isolate the inside and outside of the battery pack 100 when the battery pack 100 is in a normal state. When a thermal runaway event occurs in the battery pack 100, the multiple exhaust devices 140 may provide a path for releasing high-temperature gas to the outside by opening the multiple exhaust holes.

[0053] Here, thermal runaway of the battery pack 100 is a state in which the temperature change of the battery cell assemblies 120 accelerates the temperature change, which is an uncontrollable positive feedback. The battery cell assemblies 120 in the thermal runaway state exhibit a rapid temperature rise and emit a large amount of high-pressure gas and combustion debris.

[0054] When a thermal runaway event occurs inside the battery pack 100, the pressure inside the battery pack 100 increases. The exhaust devices 140 may be opened by the increased pressure inside the battery pack 100, and the internal high-temperature gas may be exhausted to the outside of the battery pack 100 through the exhaust devices 140. This may delay thermal propagation and improve the stability of the battery pack 100.

[0055] The lead plate 150 may be coupled to the side walls 112, 113. The lead plate 150 may cover elements disposed inside the battery pack 100, such as the battery cell assembly 120 and electrical components. The lead plate 150 may be fixed to the side walls 112, 113 by mechanical means, such as bolts.

[0056] The battery pack 100 may further include interconnectors that connect adjacent battery cell assemblies 120. This allows a plurality of battery cell assemblies 120 to be connected in series, and the battery pack 100 may output a high voltage.

[0057] The battery pack 100 may further include electrical components, which may include any electronic elements necessary to operate the battery pack, and which may be disposed on an electrical component mounting region (EMR).

[0058] The electrical components may include, for example, a BMS (Battery Management System). The BMS may be configured to monitor, balance, and control the battery pack. Monitoring the battery pack 100 may include measuring the voltage and current of specific nodes within the multiple battery cell assemblies 120 and measuring the temperature at a set location within the battery pack 100. The battery pack 100 may include measuring instruments for measuring the voltage, current, and temperature described above.

[0059] Balancing the battery pack 100 is an operation to reduce the deviation between the multiple battery cell assemblies 120. Controlling the battery pack 100 includes preventing overcharging, over-discharging, and overcurrent. Through monitoring, balancing, and control, the battery pack 100 can operate under optimal conditions, thereby preventing a shortened lifespan of each of the multiple battery cell assemblies 120.

[0060] The electrical components may further include a cooling device, a power relay assembly (PRA), a safety plug, etc. The cooling device may include a cooling fan. The cooling fan may prevent overheating of each of the plurality of battery cell assemblies 120 by circulating air inside the battery pack 100. The PRA may be configured to supply or cut off power from the high-voltage battery to an external load (e.g., a vehicle motor). The PRA may protect the plurality of battery cell assemblies 120 and the external load (e.g., a vehicle motor) by cutting off the power supply to the external load (e.g., a vehicle motor) in the event of an abnormal voltage such as a voltage surge.

[0061] 1-3, foam layer 230 can include an intumescent refractory material, where the intumescent refractory material can be configured to foam when heated, which can include melting of a surface coating, bubbling, swelling, the creation of an insulating layer, and the creation of a ceramic layer.

[0062] 3, the foamed layer 230F may have a larger volume than the foamed layer 230. The foamed layer 230F may fill the space between the frame 220 and the battery pack 100. The foamed layer 230F may be an insulating carbonized layer. The foamed layer 230F may be porous. The foamed layer 230F may have a high ignition point, a high melting point, and low thermal conductivity. This may prevent high-temperature gases and flames discharged from the multiple exhaust devices 140 from reaching the frame 220 of the vehicle 10, thereby improving the safety of the vehicle 10.

[0063] According to an exemplary embodiment, vehicle 10 may further include an on-board charger (OBC), an electric power control unit (EPCU), a traction motor, and a reducer. The OBC may be configured to convert alternating current (AC) power input to vehicle 10 into direct current (DC). The traction motor may be configured to provide torque based on the electrical energy of battery pack 100. The reducer may be configured to adjust the torque by adjusting the rotation speed of the motor.

[0064] According to an exemplary embodiment, the foam layer 230 may be on the frame 220. The foam layer 230 may be provided by methods such as painting, coating, and spraying. The foam layer 230 may be interposed between the frame 220 and the battery pack 100. The foam layer 230 may contact the frame 220. The foam layer 230 may be spaced apart from the battery pack 100.

[0065] The area of ​​the foam layer 230 may be substantially the same as the area of ​​the lead plate 150. The length of the foam layer 230 in the X direction may be substantially the same as the length of the lead plate 150 in the X direction. The length of the foam layer 230 in the Y direction may be substantially the same as the length of the lead plate 150 in the Y direction.

[0066] (Second embodiment) FIG. 4 shows a vehicle 11 according to another exemplary embodiment.

[0067] Referring to FIG. 4 , the vehicle 11 may include a battery pack 100 , a bottom panel 210 , a frame 220 , and a foam layer 231 .

[0068] The battery pack 100, the bottom panel 210, and the frame 220 are substantially the same as those described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 3, and therefore a duplicated description thereof will be omitted.

[0069] According to an exemplary embodiment, foam layer 231 may include a foam fire-resistant material. Foam layer 231 may be interposed between frame 220 and battery pack 100. Foam layer 231 may contact each of frame 220 and battery pack 100. According to an exemplary embodiment, since a sufficient amount of foam fire-resistant material is interposed between frame 220 and battery pack 100, the safety of vehicle 11 may be improved.

[0070] (Third embodiment) FIG. 5 illustrates a vehicle 12 according to another exemplary embodiment.

[0071] FIG. 6 shows the layout of the lead plate 150 and the foam layer 232 of the battery pack 100.

[0072] 5 and 6, the vehicle 12 may include a battery pack 100, a bottom panel 210, a frame 220, and a foam layer 232.

[0073] The battery pack 100, the bottom panel 210, and the frame 220 are substantially the same as those described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 3, and therefore a duplicated description thereof will be omitted.

[0074] According to an exemplary embodiment, the foam layer 232 may be on the frame 220. The foam layer 232 may be interposed between the frame 220 and the battery pack 100. The foam layer 232 may contact the frame 220. The foam layer 232 may be spaced apart from the battery pack 100.

[0075] The area of ​​the foam layer 232 may be different from the area of ​​the lead plate 150. The area of ​​the foam layer 232 may be smaller than the area of ​​the lead plate 150. The length of the foam layer 232 in the X direction may be different from the length of the lead plate 150 in the X direction. The length of the foam layer 232 in the X direction may be smaller than the length of the lead plate 150 in the X direction. The length of the foam layer 232 in the Y direction may be different from the length of the lead plate 150 in the Y direction. The length of the foam layer 232 in the Y direction may be smaller than the length of the lead plate 150 in the Y direction.

[0076] According to an exemplary embodiment, providing foam layer 232 with an area smaller than the area of ​​lead plate 150 may reduce the weight of vehicle 12 and reduce the production costs of vehicle 12 .

[0077] (Fourth embodiment) FIG. 7 illustrates a vehicle 13 according to another exemplary embodiment.

[0078] FIG. 8 shows the layout of the lead plate 150 and the foam layer 233 of the battery pack 100.

[0079] 7 and 8, the vehicle 13 may include a battery pack 100, a bottom panel 210, a frame 220, and a foam layer 233.

[0080] The battery pack 100, the bottom panel 210, and the frame 220 are substantially the same as those described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 3, and therefore a duplicated description thereof will be omitted.

[0081] According to an exemplary embodiment, the foam layer 233 may be on the frame 220. The foam layer 233 may be interposed between the frame 220 and the battery pack 100. The foam layer 233 may contact the frame 220. The foam layer 233 may be spaced apart from the battery pack 100.

[0082] The area of ​​the foam layer 233 may be different from the area of ​​the lead plate 150. The area of ​​the foam layer 233 may be larger than the area of ​​the lead plate 150. The length of the foam layer 233 in the X direction may be different from the length of the lead plate 150 in the X direction. The length of the foam layer 233 in the X direction may be larger than the length of the lead plate 150 in the X direction. The length of the foam layer 233 in the Y direction may be different from the length of the lead plate 150 in the Y direction. The length of the foam layer 233 in the Y direction may be larger than the length of the lead plate 150 in the Y direction.

[0083] According to an exemplary embodiment, a sufficient amount of intumescent fire-resistant material is interposed between frame 220 and battery pack 100, which may improve the safety of vehicle 13.

[0084] (Fifth embodiment) FIG. 9 illustrates a vehicle 14 according to another exemplary embodiment.

[0085] Referring to FIG. 9, the vehicle 14 may include a battery pack 101, a bottom panel 210, and a frame 220.

[0086] The battery pack 100, the bottom panel 210, and the frame 220 are substantially the same as those described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 3, and therefore a duplicated description thereof will be omitted.

[0087] According to an exemplary embodiment, the battery pack 100 may include a housing 110, a plurality of battery cell assemblies 120, a cross beam 130, a plurality of exhaust devices 140, a lead plate 150, and a foam layer 160. The housing 110, the plurality of battery cell assemblies 120, the cross beam 130, the plurality of exhaust devices 140, and the lead plate 150 are substantially the same as those described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 3, and therefore, a repeated description thereof will be omitted.

[0088] According to an exemplary embodiment, the foam layer 160 may be on the battery pack 100. According to an exemplary embodiment, the foam layer 160 may be on the lead plate 150 of the battery pack 100. According to an exemplary embodiment, the foam layer 160 may contact the battery pack 100. According to an exemplary embodiment, the foam layer 160 may contact the lead plate 150 of the battery pack 100.

[0089] The foam layer 160 may be interposed between the frame 220 and the battery pack 100. The foam layer 160 may be spaced apart from the frame 220.

[0090] FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view of a vehicle 15 according to an exemplary embodiment.

[0091] FIG. 11 shows the layout of the lead plates 150 and the foam structure 234 of the battery pack 100.

[0092] 10 and 11, the vehicle 15 may include a battery pack 100, a bottom panel 210, a frame 220, and a foam structure 234.

[0093] The battery pack 100, the bottom panel 210, and the frame 220 are substantially the same as those described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 3, and therefore a duplicated description thereof will be omitted.

[0094] Each of the foam structures 234 may be interposed between the lead plate 150 of the battery pack 100 and the frame 220 of the vehicle 15. In this example, each of the foam structures 234 may be coupled to the frame 220 of the vehicle 15.

[0095] According to an exemplary embodiment, the foam structures 234 may overlap the lead plates 150 in the Z direction. According to an exemplary embodiment, the foam structures 234 may be arranged in a matrix along the X and Y directions. Although Fig. 11 shows the foam structures 234 arranged in five rows and six columns, this is for illustrative purposes only, and the number and arrangement of the foam structures 234 may be changed depending on the design of the battery pack 100 and the designs of the bottom panel 210 and the frame 220.

[0096] According to an exemplary embodiment, each of the foam structures 234 may include a foam material 234F and a capsule 234C. The foam material 234F may be contained within the capsule 234C. The foam material 234F may have fire resistance, a high specific heat, and low thermal conductivity. This allows the foam material 234F of each of the foam structures 234 to form a foamed layer when a thermal runaway event occurs in the battery pack 100. The formation of the foamed layer may cause the capsule 234C to break and / or decompose, filling the space between the battery pack 100 and the frame 220 with the foamed layer. The capsule 234C may be thermally decomposable, or may break due to the pressure of the foamed layer, for example.

[0097] According to exemplary embodiments, the height of the foamed layer may range from about 5 mm to about 50 mm. According to exemplary embodiments, the height of the foamed layer may be about 10 mm or more. According to exemplary embodiments, the height of the foamed layer may be about 15 mm or more. According to exemplary embodiments, the height of the foamed layer may be about 40 mm or less. According to exemplary embodiments, the height of the foamed layer may be about 30 mm or less. According to exemplary embodiments, the height of the foamed layer may be about 20 mm or less.

[0098] FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view of a vehicle 16 according to an exemplary embodiment.

[0099] Referring to FIG. 12, the vehicle 16 may include a battery pack 100, a bottom panel 210, a frame 220, and a foam structure 234.

[0100] The battery pack 100, the bottom panel 210, and the frame 220 are substantially the same as those described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 3, and therefore a duplicated description thereof will be omitted.

[0101] The exemplary vehicle 16 is the same as the vehicle 15 of FIG. 10, except that each of the foam structures 234 is coupled to a lead plate 150 of the battery pack 100.

[0102] The present invention has been described in more detail above through the drawings and embodiments, etc. However, the configurations shown in the drawings or embodiments in this specification are merely one embodiment of the present invention and do not represent all of the technical ideas of the present invention, and therefore, various equivalents and modifications may exist at the time of filing this application. [Explanation of symbols]

[0103] 10-16 cars 100, 101 Battery Pack 110 Housing 111 Base Plate 112, 113 side wall 120 Battery Cell Assembly 121 Cell Stack 130 Cross Beam 140 Exhaust system 150 Reed Plate 160 foam layer 210 bottom panel 220 frames 230~233 Foam layer 234 Foam structure 234C Capsule 234F Foam material

Claims

1. Frame, a battery pack including a housing spaced apart from the frame and a plurality of exhaust devices coupled to the housing; and The vehicle further includes a foam layer interposed between the frame and the battery pack, the foam layer including a foamable fire-resistant material.

2. The vehicle of claim 1 , wherein the foam layer contacts the frame.

3. The vehicle of claim 2 , wherein the foam layer is spaced apart from the battery pack.

4. The vehicle of claim 1 , wherein the foam layer contacts the battery pack.

5. The vehicle of claim 2 , wherein the foam layer is spaced from the frame.

6. The vehicle of claim 1 , wherein the foam layer contacts each of the battery pack and the frame.

7. 7. The vehicle according to claim 1, wherein the area of ​​the foam layer is substantially the same as the area of ​​the lead plate of the battery pack.

8. The vehicle according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein an area of ​​the foam layer is different from an area of ​​a lead plate of the battery pack.

9. 7. The vehicle according to claim 1, wherein the area of ​​the foam layer is smaller than the area of ​​the lead plate of the battery pack.

10. 7. The vehicle according to claim 1, wherein the foam layer has an area larger than an area of ​​the lead plate of the battery pack.

11. 7. The vehicle of claim 1, wherein the intumescent fire-resistant material is configured to form an insulated char layer in the event of a thermal runaway event in the battery pack.

12. 12. The vehicle of claim 11, wherein the foamed layer is porous.

13. 12. The vehicle of claim 11, wherein the volume of the foamed layer is greater than the volume of the foam layer.

14. Frame, a battery pack including a housing spaced apart from the frame and a plurality of exhaust devices coupled to the housing; and a foam structure interposed between the frame and the battery pack; Each of the foam structures includes a capsule and a foam material contained within the capsule.

15. The vehicle of claim 14 , wherein each of the foam structures overlaps a lead plate of the battery pack.

16. 16. The vehicle of claim 14 or 15, wherein the capsule breaks or disintegrates when the battery pack experiences a thermal runaway event.

17. 16. The vehicle of claim 14 or 15, wherein the foam material is configured to form a foamed layer when the battery pack experiences a thermal runaway event.

18. 16. A vehicle as claimed in claim 14 or 15, wherein each of the foam structures is connected to the frame.

19. 16. The vehicle of claim 14 or 15, wherein each of the foam structures is coupled to the battery pack.

Images