System for continuous demand-based energy supply to a building, method for controlling a system for continuous demand-based energy supply to a building, control unit for controlling a system for continuous demand-based energy supply to a building, and computer program product

Abstract

The present disclosure relates to a system 1000 for continuous demand-based energy supply to a building 2000, the system 1000 comprising: a first energy supply module 100 for providing an energy amount of a first form of energy; a first energy converter module 200 having a primary load dependent first energy converter 210 for converting a part of the energy amount of the first form of energy into a second form of energy different from the first form of energy in a primary load dependent manner, and a first energy storage 220 / 230 for storing an energy amount of the second form of energy; a consumer module 600 / 800 having at least one consumer of the building 2000 for consuming a demand-dependent energy amount of the first form of energy and / or a demand-dependent energy amount of the second form of energy; and a control unit 900 for controlling each module of the system 1000, the system 1000 being configured to convert a part of the energy amount of the second form of energy into a second form of energy different from the first form of energy in a primary load dependent manner, and a first energy storage 220 / 230 for storing an energy amount of the second form of energy. the second energy converter module 300 having a second energy converter 310 for converting another portion of the energy quantity of the energy of the first form into energy of a third form different from the energy of the first form and the energy of the second form, wherein when converting the other portion of the energy quantity of the energy of the first form into energy of the third form, a portion of the other portion of the energy quantity of the energy of the first form is simultaneously converted into energy of the second form; a second energy storage unit 320 for storing an energy quantity of the energy of the third form; and a third energy converter 330 / 340 for converting the stored amount of the energy of the third form into energy of the first form, wherein when converting the stored amount of the energy of the third form into energy of the first form, a portion of the energy quantity of the energy of the third form is simultaneously converted into energy of the second form.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present disclosure relates to a system for continuous demand-based energy supply to a building, a method for controlling a system for continuous demand-based energy supply to a building, a control unit for controlling a system for continuous demand-based energy supply to a building, and a computer program product.

[0002] background With regard to the optimal use of available energy, in particular with regard to the potential impact of often unnecessary excessive energy consumption, which for example leads to an increase in CO2 emissions in energy production and thus for example contributes to climate change, it is becoming ever more of a goal to use systems and machines whose main task is, for example, the production of components or the provision of IT services (such as computer operations and / or storage options), also for the generation of heat and therefore for the heating of other areas, for example for the heating of residential and office buildings and even for the heating of barns.

[0003] Typically, these machines and equipment are operated using electrical energy, most of which is converted into thermal energy (heat) by drives or large processor units. This thermal energy is primarily supplied to the environment, in particular to the outside air, as waste heat via the respective cooling systems. This means that a significant portion of the energy supplied to the systems is released into the environment unused, meaning that more resources must be used to generate electrical energy and heat the building than are needed.

[0004] For example, it is known from the prior art to use the waste heat from a server for other purposes by means of appropriately modelled water cooling, rather than simply feeding it into the environment.

[0005] In the context of the idea of ​​using the waste heat from these machines and equipment for other purposes, the problem often arises that these machines or equipment do not operate continuously at the same load (such as a main load producing components or a main load performing computer operations) and therefore cannot perform continuous generation of thermal energy (as a kind of secondary load).

[0006] In some cases, the primary load of machinery or equipment may be subject to such large fluctuations that it becomes impossible to continuously provide heat to supply a building, and therefore a system is needed to take advantage of the fluctuations in over- and under-production of electrical and thermal energy to ensure a continuous supply of electrical and thermal energy to a building.

[0007] In view of the above-mentioned drawbacks and based on the prior art described above, it is an object of the present application to provide an improved system for continuous demand-based energy supply to buildings, which avoids the problems and drawbacks of known solutions and instead makes the amount of energy produced continuously usable and storable, and a correspondingly improved method for controlling the system for continuous demand-based energy supply to buildings.

[0008] overview The present disclosure relates to a system for continuous demand-based energy supply to a building, a method for controlling a system for continuous demand-based energy supply to a building, a control unit for controlling a system for continuous demand-based energy supply to a building, and a computer program product.

[0009] In particular, to solve the above-mentioned problems, a system for a continuous demand-based energy supply to a building is proposed according to claim 1, a method for controlling a system for a continuous demand-based energy supply to a building according to claim 24, a control unit for controlling a system for a continuous demand-based energy supply to a building according to claim 33, and a computer program product according to claim 34. The dependent claims relate to some exemplary preferred embodiments.

[0010] According to one aspect, an exemplary system for continuous demand-based energy supply to a building includes a first energy supply module for providing an energy amount of a first form of energy, a first energy converter module having a primary load dependent first energy converter for converting a portion of the energy amount of the first form of energy into a second form of energy different from the first form of energy in a primary load dependent manner, and a first energy storage for storing the energy amount of the second form of energy, a consumer module having at least one consumer of the building for consuming a demand-dependent energy amount of the first form of energy and / or a demand-dependent energy amount of the second form of energy, and a control unit for controlling each module of the system, wherein the system includes a first energy converter module for converting a portion of the energy amount of the first form of energy into a second form of energy different from the first form of energy in a primary load dependent manner, and a first energy storage for storing the energy amount of the second form of energy, The system further includes: a second energy converter module having a second energy converter for converting another portion of the energy quantity of the energy of the first form into energy of a third form different from the energy of the first form and the energy of the second form, wherein when converting the other portion of the energy quantity of the energy of the first form into energy of the third form, a portion of the other portion of the energy quantity of the energy of the first form is simultaneously converted into energy of the second form; a second energy storage unit for storing an energy quantity of the energy of the third form; and a third energy converter for converting the stored amount of the energy of the third form into energy of the first form, wherein when converting the stored amount of the energy of the third form into energy of the first form, a portion of the energy quantity of the energy of the third form is simultaneously converted into energy of the second form.

[0011] In particular, the control unit may control each module of the system such that, when the energy amount of the energy in the first form produced or provided by the first energy supply module is greater than the energy amounts of the energy in the first form and the energy in the second form consumed by the consumer module, the excess amount of energy is stored, with a delay or simultaneously, in the first energy storage unit for storing energy in the second form and the second energy storage unit for storing energy in the third form, and when the energy amount of the energy in the first form produced or provided by the first energy supply module is less than the energy amounts of the energy in the first form and the energy in the second form consumed by the consumer module, the energy amount stored in the first energy storage unit for storing energy in the second form and the energy amount stored in the second energy storage unit for storing energy in the third form after being converted into the energy amounts of the energy in the first form and / or the energy in the second form are dissipated for consumption in the consumer module.

[0012] The control unit of the exemplary system can advantageously control the storage and discharge processes of the energy stores such that the storage process of the energy store of the second form of energy is carried out simultaneously with the storage process of the energy store of the third form of energy. Both delayed and sequential storage of different forms of energy are possible. The same applies to the discharge process of the stores, which can also be timed. Different conditions can be used as criteria / dependencies for when and how which stores are filled or discharged (due, for example, to differences in the efficiency of individual forms of energy compared to other forms of energy during conversion, or to the demand for corresponding forms of energy for consumption in the building, etc.).

[0013] According to the exemplary system, it is possible to ensure a continuous supply of electrical and thermal energy to the building, even though the conversion of, for example, electrical energy (e.g., a first form of energy) into, for example, thermal energy (e.g., a second form of energy) is dependent on the main load, which in some cases leads to significant fluctuations in production and therefore in the provision of thermal energy (heat) to supply the building.

[0014] The use of a third form of energy (e.g., chemical energy) as a kind of compensatory energy form for the demand for a first form of energy (e.g., electrical energy) and / or a second form of energy (e.g., thermal energy) for continuous supply has a surprisingly positive effect on this system of machines and systems, buildings, and their technological units / modules.

[0015] In the event of an energy surplus (more energy available than is consumed), especially an excess of electrical energy, this excess energy can be converted into chemical energy and stored for a later time when there is a shortage of electrical or thermal energy, for example, to supply machines and systems and buildings. If necessary, electrical and thermal energy can be recovered from this stored chemical energy and advantageously used to continuously supply machines and systems and buildings and / or their technical units / modules.

[0016] A significant advantage of this method is that it allows relatively large amounts of chemical energy to be stored in a relatively small space, especially since chemical energy (e.g., gases such as hydrogen, methane, etc.) can be easily compressed to moderate pressures (e.g., in the range of 30-40 bar) and the amount of energy required to compress the gas to reach these pressure levels (e.g., the amount of electrical energy used for this) is relatively modest.

[0017] Another advantage of this method is that gases such as hydrogen can be used in several ways to recover thermal or electrical energy: one variant would be, for example, the combustion of hydrogen in a corresponding device, for example a combined heat and power plant, another variant would be, for example, the use of hydrogen in a fuel cell.

[0018] So-called low-temperature combustion in fuel cells also produces waste heat at about 55°C. In combined heat and power plants, the exhaust gas temperature is typically between 300°C and 400°C. In both cases, waste heat in the low-medium temperature range on the one hand and the high temperature range on the other hand, and electrical energy can be provided for further use in the exemplary system.

[0019] Despite fluctuations in the provision or generation of thermal energy (due to the first energy converter's dependence on the main load), a continuous supply of electrical and thermal energy to the building can be ensured in different ways, in particular with regard to which form (thermal or electrical) energy and what quality is additionally required, thereby ensuring or supporting the operation of the building and thus of the machines / equipment (e.g., machine tools, computing units, etc.) and technical units / modules (e.g., heat pumps) of the exemplary system.

[0020] The exemplary system makes it possible to advantageously use the respective advantages and disadvantages of different forms of energy, such as electrical energy (e.g., first form of energy), thermal energy (e.g., second form of energy), and chemical energy (e.g., third form of energy), for the continuous supply of a building. For example, while the conversion of electrical energy to thermal energy is associated with very high efficiency levels, storing very large amounts of electrical energy or heat can be problematic because such storage requires a lot of space or investing in such storage leads to wastefulness of the overall system. In contrast, the conversion of electrical energy to chemical energy is performed with somewhat lower efficiency, but the storage of chemical energy (e.g., in the form of gas / fuel gas) offers the possibility of achieving higher energy density compared to the storage of electrical or thermal energy, thanks to the compression that occurs when the chemical energy is stored. Depending on the energy surplus or shortage or the demand for a particular form of energy, the system can be used advantageously.

[0021] The exemplary system can advantageously be further developed in that the first energy supply module comprises a first energy generator for generating an energy quantity of the first form of energy, the energy production quantity of the first form of energy being dependent on at least a first discontinuous energy source, in particular a renewable energy source such as solar energy and / or wind energy.

[0022] When the electrical energy (e.g. the first form of energy) is provided by renewable energies, the problem of continuous energy supply to buildings becomes even more complex and therefore even clearer. With regard to the generation of electrical energy using renewable energies, photovoltaic systems installed on the roofs of buildings or related properties are particularly popular. Small wind turbine solutions (e.g. wind turbines, vertical wind turbines, etc.) are also available on the market today and are becoming increasingly popular.

[0023] The problem with these energy sources, especially energy from solar radiation (solar energy) and energy from air currents (wind energy), is their availability. At night, when there is no sunlight, solar energy cannot be generated. The same happens when there is no wind, in which case the wind turbines cannot generate electrical energy for use. When both of these occur together, this is referred to as "Dunkelflaute."

[0024] Another problem is that there is often a lack of suitable consumers, especially in ordinary homes, during the day when, for example, the sun is shining and can be used to produce energy, since most people work outside their homes during the day and are therefore often unable to fully use the energy generated in their homes for their devices and auxiliaries (e.g., lighting, computing technology, printers, etc.) A similar problem exists with wind energy, which can essentially be produced at any time during the day or night, but only when the wind is blowing, and the generated energy is ideally also consumed at this time.

[0025] An exemplary system allows the amount of energy generated from non-continuous energy sources, such as solar radiation (using photovoltaic or solar systems) or airflow (using wind turbines), to be available day and night to power a building.

[0026] The excess energy is used to charge the energy storage to compensate for energy shortfalls during times of low energy production by the photovoltaic power generation units and / or wind turbines, in particular during times when less energy is produced than is consumed by the building's consumers.

[0027] Even when discontinuous energy sources such as solar and wind energy are used to provide electrical energy, the use of chemical energy as a form of compensation energy has proven to be very positive, since fluctuations in the supply of electrical energy can also be used very advantageously or balanced by the systems already described above to ensure a continuous supply of electrical and thermal energy to the building.

[0028] The exemplary system can advantageously be further developed in that the first energy supply module comprises a third energy store for storing an energy quantity of the first form of energy.

[0029] In particular, the control unit is configured to, when an energy amount of the energy in the first form generated or provided by the first energy supply module is greater than an energy amount of the energy in the first form and an energy in the second form consumed by the consumer module, store the excess amount of energy in the first energy storage unit for storing the energy in the second form, the second energy storage unit for storing the energy in the third form, and the third energy storage unit for storing the energy in the first form, substantially with a delay or simultaneously, and to control the energy amount of the energy in the first form generated or provided by the first energy supply module to be greater than an energy amount of the energy in the first form and an energy amount of the energy in the second form consumed by the consumer module. When the amount of energy stored in the first energy storage unit for storing energy in the second form, the amount of energy stored in the second energy storage unit for storing energy in the third form after being converted into the amount of energy in the first form and / or the amount of energy in the second form, and the amount of energy stored in the third energy storage unit for storing energy in the first form can be controlled to be re-released for consumption in the consumer module, substantially, with a delay or simultaneously, if the amount of energy stored in the first energy storage unit for storing energy in the second form is less than the amount of energy in the first form and the amount of energy in the second form consumed by the consumer module.

[0030] Exemplary developments allow advantageously to store an amount of energy of the first form of energy (e.g., electrical energy), e.g., in case of a very high surplus of electrical energy, at least temporarily storing / buffering the amount of energy of the first form of energy and using it, e.g., to convert it into chemical energy for longer-term storage, or conversely, to store additional electrical energy resulting from the conversion of chemical energy, e.g., into thermal energy, and making this additional electrical energy available again on demand to the exemplary system. Here again, the control unit can control the storage and discharge processes of the electrical storage device in accordance with the storage and discharge processes already described.

[0031] The stored and re-supplied energy can be supplied not only to the consumer modules of the building, but also to machines and systems as primary load-dependent heat generators and to the technological units / modules of the building and thus to the entire exemplary system itself.

[0032] The exemplary system may advantageously be further developed in that the first energy converter module has a fifth energy storage unit configured to convert and store an energy quantity of energy in the second form into an energy quantity of energy in the third form, and the fifth energy storage unit configured to convert the stored energy quantity of energy in the third form back into an energy quantity of energy in the second form.

[0033] The fifth energy store may advantageously convert an amount of energy in the second form (e.g., thermal energy) directly into an amount of energy in the third form (e.g., chemical energy) ready for storage in the fifth energy store. Additionally, the fifth energy store may be configured to perform this process reversibly, such that a stored amount of energy in the third form may be converted back into an amount of energy in the second form, which may be made available for delivery to the exemplary system by the fifth energy store.

[0034] In the described system, it may be advantageous to use a fifth energy store because, in addition to an excess of electrical energy, an excess of thermal energy may also exist in the exemplary system. For example, such excess heat may exist when the main load-dependent heat generator is fully utilized and all other heat stores are fully charged, but less heat is consumed in the building's consumer modules than is produced, and therefore it may be advantageous to use a chemical heat store here. A further example of the advantageous use of a chemical heat store may be to store the thermal energy generated by the third energy converter when the chemical energy stored in the third energy store is reconverted.

[0035] The exemplary system can advantageously be further developed in that the storing of the energy surplus amounts of the different forms of energy in the energy storage unit, the releasing of the energy amounts of the different forms of energy stored in the energy storage unit and the converting of the energy surplus amounts or the released energy amounts of the different forms of energy are performed in a sequence controlled by a control unit, the control unit being configured to control the sequence depending on the main load of the main load-dependent first energy converter and the demand of the consumer module for the energy amount of the first form of energy and the energy amount of the second form of energy.

[0036] In particular, the factor of the capacity utilization of the main load of the first energy converter can be a relevant parameter for controlling the system not only for determining, and thus for "planning", the amount of thermal energy to be generated on the one hand, but also for always keeping the thermal energy that can be generated in line with the demand of the consumer modules of the building and for initiating appropriate storage of the excess thermal energy, for example in the event of an overproduction / overgeneration of thermal energy. Of course, the same applies in the case of an excess of electrical energy, which can advantageously be stored directly or can first be converted into another form of energy, for example thermal energy and / or chemical energy, and stored accordingly.

[0037] However, other parameters, such as the availability of storage capacities for individual forms of energy or the short-term provision of relatively large amounts of energy, e.g., large amounts of electrical energy, for example in energy-intensive manufacturing processes, can also be advantageously taken into account when controlling the system.

[0038] The exemplary system may advantageously be further developed in that the first energy storage unit includes a short-term storage unit for storing an amount of energy of the second form of energy in the short term, and a long-term storage unit for storing an amount of energy of the second form of energy in the medium to long term.

[0039] It is particularly advantageous to provide a short-term storage (e.g., a so-called layered storage, a buffer storage, or a heat buffer filled with, for example, water) in combination with a long-term storage (e.g., a so-called seasonal storage) for storing thermal energy. Even relatively small amounts of thermal energy (e.g., the thermal energy content of the main load-dependent heat generators, as well as the thermal energy content during the conversion of electrical energy to chemical energy and its reconversion in the second or third energy converter) can be very well stored in the short-term storage and released for use in the building over a period of one to several days, while relatively large amounts of thermal energy (such as the thermal energy content of the main load-dependent heat generators) can be stored in the long-term storage and released over a period of weeks to several months. The thermal content in the short-term and long-term storage can be used not only to heat the building but also, of course, to heat drinking water.

[0040] The exemplary system can advantageously be further developed in that the short-term storage and the long-term storage are directly operatively connected to one another such that energy quantities of the second form of energy can be exchanged between the short-term storage and the long-term storage.

[0041] A direct operational connection allows the heat exchange to be carried out directly between the two reservoirs, without the need to first feed a heating network, which results in an easier transfer of heat. A direct operational connection can be achieved, for example, by directly connecting the two reservoirs (short-term reservoir and long-term reservoir) to a water-carrying pipe or the like. Furthermore, the heat exchange can also be carried out, for example, via a plate heat exchanger.

[0042] The exemplary system may advantageously be further developed in that the control unit is further configured to control the storage of the energy quantity of the second form of energy in the first energy storage such that primarily the energy quantity is stored in the short-term storage and secondarily the energy quantity of the second form of energy is stored in the long-term storage.

[0043] As mentioned above, it may make sense to first store heat in short-term storage (and then release it again during the rest of the day or at night, for example, to heat a building or provide hot water), while being able to store excess heat in long-term storage, for example, after the short-term storage is filled or at least partially filled. However, other boundary conditions may come into play to determine the order in which the heat is stored.

[0044] The exemplary system can advantageously be further developed in that the second energy converter module for converting energy of the first form into energy of the third form and the third energy converter for converting energy of the third form into energy of the first form are one assembly configured to perform a process of converting energy of the third form into energy of the first form as a reversible process of the process of converting energy of the first form into energy of the third form.

[0045] This advantageous embodiment of the exemplary system allows for a somewhat smaller total number of individual components in the system, thereby simplifying control of the components by the control unit. In particular, the exemplary system can be advantageously designed where the conversion of the energy in the first form to the energy in the third form and the conversion of the energy in the third form back to the energy in the first form involve a direct or single-step conversion of the energy in the original form to the energy in the target form.

[0046] The exemplary system can advantageously be further developed by a second energy supply module having a second energy generator for generating energy of a third form, the generation of the energy quantity of the third form of energy by the second energy generator being dependent on at least one second energy source different from the first energy source, and the second energy supply module further having a fourth energy converter for converting the energy of the third form into energy of the second form.

[0047] The exemplary system can be advantageously expanded with additional energy supply modules because, in addition to traditional regenerative or renewable energy sources such as the sun and wind, wood can now also be used as a renewable raw material. This second energy generator is switched on on a demand basis, thus first supporting the system by generating gas as a third form of energy, and then supplying heat to the system by converting chemical energy into thermal energy, thereby enabling, for example, supplying or charging short-term and / or long-term storage. Furthermore, a fifth energy store can also be charged with thermal energy. For example, the advantage is that heat from the fifth store (chemical heat store) can be released on demand while the second energy generator, designed, for example, as a log gasifier, burns all of its wood and necessarily provides energy for several hours.

[0048] The exemplary system can advantageously be further developed in that the second energy supply module has a fourth energy storage unit for storing energy in the second form, the fourth energy storage unit for storing energy in the second form being in no direct operative connection or in a direct operative connection with the first energy storage unit for storing energy in the second form for exchanging energy quantities of the second form of energy.

[0049] In particular, it is of course advantageous if the second energy supply module also has its own energy store for storing heat energy, which is selectively connected to the short-term store, so that heat energy can be transferred from the energy store of the second energy supply module to the first energy store.

[0050] The exemplary system may advantageously have additional consumers different from at least one consumer of the building consumer module for consuming an energy amount of the second form of energy, and the control unit is configured to control the additional consumers so that when the energy storage units (e.g., short-term heat storage unit and long-term heat storage unit or chemical heat storage unit) used to store the second form of energy substantially no longer have any capacity for the additional energy amount of the second form of energy, an excess energy amount of the second form of energy (e.g., due to the capacity utilization rate of the main load-dependent heat generator and / or the conversion of electrical energy to chemical energy and back) is supplied to the additional consumers for consumption in order to reduce the total amount of energy in the system, and in particular the energy amount of the second form of energy.

[0051] This additional consumer can remove a large amount of thermal energy (a second form of energy) from the system, for example, when there is already a large excess of thermal energy in the system and a kind of "emergency cooling" of the system is required, and / or when, for example, all reservoirs are already completely filled. For example, a heatable outdoor pool can be used for this purpose, and a large amount of water in this outdoor pool can be heated to release the potential excess heat to the surroundings.

[0052] The exemplary system can advantageously be further developed in that the first form of energy is electrical energy, the second form of energy is thermal energy, and the third form of energy is chemical energy.

[0053] The exemplary system is particularly suitable for using a combination of electrical, thermal, and chemical energy. As noted above, each form of energy has advantages and disadvantages in terms of production, conversion, and storage. Depending on the status or availability of energy sources (such as solar and wind energy, or energy from renewable raw materials like wood or plant materials in general), or depending on the building's energy requirements (e.g., differences in building energy requirements between summer and winter and / or demands from primary load-dependent heat generators like servers / computing units, machine tools, packaging systems, etc.), it may be advantageous to prefer one form of energy over another.

[0054] The advantages of each individual form of energy in the exemplary system can be used to control energy management more efficiently and in a more demand-oriented manner.

[0055] The exemplary system can be advantageously further developed in that the assembly is a reversible fuel cell capable of converting electrical energy quantities into chemical energy quantities in one process and performing the process in reverse from chemical energy to electrical energy.

[0056] A reversible fuel cell can be advantageously provided as one component of an exemplary system capable of converting electrical energy into chemical energy (e.g., into a fuel gas such as hydrogen, ammonia, or methane), and also reversing this process. This allows for advantageous switching between two forms of energy, and depending on the demand (e.g., a demand for a certain form of energy, or a demand for special properties such as better storability), the appropriate (better) form of energy can be selected and converted or reconverted accordingly.

[0057] The exemplary system can advantageously be further developed in that the system also has a connection to a public power grid, and the control unit is configured to allow or stop the supply of electrical energy from the public power grid to the system, and to allow or stop the delivery of electrical energy from the system to the public power grid.

[0058] Connection to the public power grid allows the system to fall back to an external energy supply when its own energy production (such as from the sun and wind) is not possible (e.g., during so-called "Dunkelflaute") or is insufficient, and / or when the storage of the exemplary system is substantially empty. In addition, such a connection can be used to deliver additional amounts of energy to the system and to store additional amounts of energy if needed, which can be particularly advantageous, for example, when the cost for energy amounts is relatively low (e.g., when comparing the price of nighttime electricity with the price of daytime electricity, or when particularly large amounts of green electricity from the wind or sun are available, or when demand for electricity is low).

[0059] The exemplary system is controlled by a control unit so that the electrical energy producers always generate as much electricity as the electrical energy consumers consume. The producers can be, for example, wind turbines / photovoltaic power generation units. The consumers can be, for example, technical systems (such as a primary load-dependent first or second energy converter) and household electronic devices. The electrical storage (such as a third energy storage) can be adjusted by the control unit to absorb power as a current power surplus and to release power at different times, and can therefore belong to the consumer. At different times when there is a power shortage, i.e., when the power / energy consumed by the consumers is greater than the electrical energy generated by the producers, the electrical storage can be adjusted by the control unit to release power up to the level at which there is a power shortage. This means that in the second exemplary case described, the electrical storage can belong to the electricity generator. In both cases, the transmission of power to the public power grid is zero. The internal power grid continues to oscillate at 50Hz in sync with the public power grid, but does not transmit power (also known as parallel operation).

[0060] The exemplary system can be advantageously further developed in that the system has a heat pump that increases the amount of thermal energy in the system by reversing the heat-to-power process, and the heat pump uses thermal energy stored in a long-term storage unit in the first energy storage unit.

[0061] The use of a heat pump as an additional advantageous component in the exemplary system can further increase the amount of energy (e.g., per liter of water or per cubic meter of air) because the heat pump reverses the heat-to-power process, increasing the amount of heat by performing additional work, which can advantageously be supplied to the exemplary system, particularly advantageously to a storage for a second form of energy. For example, the heat pump can use electrical energy and thermal energy generated by the conversion of chemical energy to further increase the amount of heat in the exemplary system.

[0062] The exemplary system can advantageously be further developed in that the long-term storage of the first energy storage is a seasonal thermal storage, in particular a soil basin type thermal storage.

[0063] By using so-called seasonal heat storage, the amount of energy generated or converted into a second form of energy (heat) can be stored and made available to consumers for a relatively long period of time. The use of soil-type heat storage can be particularly advantageous because it can be placed, for example, in the foundation of a building, eliminating the need for additional, larger space requirements within or near the building for this form of seasonal heat storage. Furthermore, the seasonal heat storage can also be formed as a multi-level, stacked, geothermally efficient geothermal collector with hydraulic heat energy delivery and extraction capabilities and top and side insulation.

[0064] The exemplary system can advantageously be further developed in that the first energy converter is a computing unit, which performs computer operations as a primary load and converts primary load dependent electrical energy into thermal energy by performing the computer operations.

[0065] A particularly advantageous embodiment of an exemplary system is to use a computing unit, such as a server structure or an entire data center, to generate or convert heat (e.g., a second form of energy) from electrical energy (e.g., a first form of energy), the primary load of which is computer operation, but which generates thermal energy from the electrical energy as a kind of secondary load, and which can be made available to the system for use, in particular to supply a building.

[0066] Since these computing systems require significant amounts of electrical energy, which is primarily converted into heat by the computing process itself, it would be advantageous to use this generated heat to, for example, heat a building and / or to prepare hot water instead of releasing this generated heat into the environment by a cooling system.

[0067] Using computing units to generate heat is advantageous because society will continue to become more digital and therefore more computing power will be needed to cover the need for servers and storage space.

[0068] Other devices such as machine tools, manufacturing plants, logistics systems, etc., which have corresponding energy-intensive drives, hydraulic units, and / or control devices that also produce large amounts of waste heat, can also be used as mains-dependent energy converters for the mains-dependent conversion of electrical energy to thermal energy.

[0069] The exemplary system can advantageously be further developed in that the second energy generator of the second energy supply module is a wood gasification boiler and the fourth energy converter is a wood gas burner, and the wood gasification boiler and the wood gas burner are an assembly.

[0070] It may be reasonable to extend the exemplary system with a wood gasification boiler to provide additional energy. The wood gasification boiler gasifies wood through an autothermal reaction, thereby producing combustible gases that are used to generate heat in a wood gas burner associated with the wood gasification boiler. Wood is one of the renewable, and therefore "green," raw materials for energy production, even though it produces climate-harmful CO2 and fine dust, compared to, for example, the operation of wind turbines or solar systems. Compared to other solid fuel boilers, today's modern wood gasification boilers with wood gas burners can achieve very low pollutant emissions and very high levels of efficiency thanks to automatically controlled combustion and an electric fine dust separator.

[0071] The exemplary system can advantageously be further developed in that the third energy store for storing electrical energy is a vanadium redox flow battery or a lithium ion battery.

[0072] Various types of batteries can be advantageously used to store electrical energy (e.g., energy in the first form), with vanadium redox flow batteries having significantly higher operational reliability than lithium-ion batteries. This is because the electrolyte of vanadium redox flow batteries, which has a high water content, is neither flammable nor explosive, and therefore vanadium redox flow batteries can withstand short circuits without damage. Vanadium redox flow batteries also offer the advantage of being permanently stable, which theoretically allows an infinite number of charge cycles without a decrease in charge capacity with respect to the electrolyte. However, other solid-state batteries, such as lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4) batteries, can also be used.

[0073] According to a further aspect, an exemplary method for controlling the aforementioned system for continuous demand-based energy supply to a building using a control unit includes: providing an energy amount of energy in a first form by a first energy supply module; converting a part of the energy amount of the first form of energy into a second form of energy different from the first form of energy in a primary-load-dependent manner by a primary-load-dependent first energy converter of a first energy converter module; consuming a demand-based energy amount of the first form of energy and / or a demand-based energy amount of the second form of energy by at least one consumer of a consumer module of the building; and if the energy amount of the first form of energy provided by the first energy supply module is greater than the demand-based energy amounts of the first form of energy and the second form of energy consumed by the consumer module, storing, with a delay or simultaneously, a substantial excess amount of the energy in the second form in a first energy storage of the first energy converter module; converting a substantial excess amount of the energy in the first form by a second energy converter of a second energy converter module into energy in a third form different from the energy in the first form and the energy in the second form, wherein while converting the substantial excess amount of the energy in the first form into energy in the third form, a portion of the substantial excess amount of the energy in the first form is simultaneously converted into energy in the second form and provided to the first energy storage for storage; storing an energy amount of the energy in the third form in a second energy storage of the second energy converter module; and / or releasing an energy amount stored in the first energy storage for storing the energy in the second form for consumption by the consumer module when the energy amount of the energy in the first form provided by the first energy supply module is less than a demand-based energy amount of the energy in the first form and the energy in the second form consumed by the consumer module;a third energy converter; and converting by the third energy converter an amount of energy released by the second energy store for storing energy in the third form into an amount of energy in the first form for consumption in a consumer module, wherein when converting the amount of energy in the third form released by the second energy store into energy in the first form, a part of the energy release amount of energy in the third form is simultaneously converted into energy in the second form and delivered to the consumer module for consumption.

[0074] The advantages already discussed with respect to the exemplary system naturally apply equally to the exemplary method, and therefore will not be repeated here.

[0075] The exemplary method can advantageously be further developed by generating an energy quantity of a first form of energy by a first energy generator of a first energy supply module, wherein the energy production quantity of the first form of energy is dependent on at least a first discontinuous energy source, in particular a renewable energy source such as solar energy and / or wind energy.

[0076] The exemplary method advantageously includes, when an energy amount of the energy in the first form provided by the first energy supply module is greater than an energy amount of the energy in the first form and the energy in the second form consumed by the consumer module, storing, with a delay or simultaneously, a portion of the substantial excess energy amount of the energy in the first form in a third energy storage unit of the first energy supply module, storing a substantial excess energy amount of the energy in the second form in a first energy storage unit of the first energy converter module, converting another portion of the substantial excess energy amount of the energy in the first form into energy in the third form by the second energy converter module, wherein, upon converting the another portion of the substantial excess energy amount of the energy in the first form into energy in the third form, a portion of the another portion of the substantial excess energy amount of the energy in the first form is simultaneously converted into energy in the second form and delivered to the first energy storage unit for storage, and storing the energy amount of the energy in the third form in a second energy storage unit of the second energy converter module. and / or if the amount of energy of the energy in the first form provided by the first energy supply module is less than the amount of energy of the energy in the first form and the energy in the second form consumed by the consumer module, with a delay or simultaneously releasing an amount of energy stored in a third energy storage device for storing energy in the first form for consumption by the consumer module, releasing an amount of energy stored in a first energy storage device for storing energy in the second form for consumption by the consumer module, releasing an amount of energy stored in a second energy storage device for storing energy in the third form to a third energy converter, and converting the amount of energy released by the second energy storage device for storing energy in the third form into an amount of energy of the first form by the third energy converter for consumption by the consumer module,It can be further developed in that the generated energy is simultaneously converted into a second form of energy and delivered to a consumer module for consumption.

[0077] The exemplary method can advantageously be further developed in that the storing of the energy excess amounts of the different forms of energy in the energy storage unit, the releasing of the energy amounts of the different forms of energy stored in the energy storage unit and the converting of the energy excess amounts or the released energy amounts of the different forms of energy are performed in a sequence controlled by a control unit, the control unit being configured to control the sequence depending on the main load of the main load-dependent first energy converter and the demand of the consumer module for the energy amount of the first form of energy and the energy amount of the second form of energy.

[0078] The exemplary method may advantageously be further developed in that the first energy storage comprises a short-term storage for storing the energy quantity of the energy in the second form in the short term and a long-term storage for storing the energy quantity of the energy in the second form in the medium to long term, and the control unit is further configured to control the storage of the energy quantity of the energy in the second form in the first energy storage such that primarily the energy quantity is stored in the short-term storage and secondarily the energy quantity of the energy in the second form is stored in the long-term storage.

[0079] The exemplary method may advantageously be further developed by generating an energy quantity of energy in a third form by a second energy generator of the second energy supply module, wherein the generating of the energy quantity of energy in the third form by the second energy generator is dependent on at least one second energy source different from the first energy source; converting the generated energy quantity of energy in the third form into energy in the second form by a fourth energy converter of the second energy supply module; and storing the energy quantity of energy in the second form in a fourth energy storage of the second energy supply module, wherein the control unit is configured to generate, convert and store the energy quantity by the second energy supply module depending on the energy demand of the consumer module and the availability of the second energy source.

[0080] The exemplary method can advantageously be further developed by consuming an excess amount of energy of the second form of energy by an additional consumer different from at least one consumer of the building consumer module in order to reduce the total amount of energy in the system, in particular the amount of energy of the second form of energy, when the energy storage unit for storing energy in the second form substantially no longer has any capacity for the additional amount of energy of the second form of energy.

[0081] The exemplary method may advantageously be further developed in that the first form of energy is electrical energy, the second form of energy is thermal energy, and the third form of energy is chemical energy.

[0082] The exemplary method may advantageously be further developed by allowing or halting the supply of electrical energy from the public power grid to the system via a connection from the system to the public power grid, or allowing or halting the delivery of electrical energy from the system to the public power grid via a connection from the system to the public power grid.

[0083] According to a further aspect, an exemplary control unit for controlling the above-mentioned system for continuous demand-based energy supply to a building is proposed, wherein the control unit is further configured to implement a method of the above-mentioned type for controlling a system for continuous demand-based energy supply to a building.

[0084] According to a further aspect, an exemplary computer program product is proposed having a computer program stored on a computer-readable data storage medium, the computer program being executable on a control unit as described above or in a computer connected to the control unit and configured to control a method of the type described above.

[0085] According to a further example, an exemplary system for continuous energy supply to a building, the system includes: a first energy supply module having a first energy generator for generating an amount of energy of a first form of energy, the amount of energy generated of the first form of energy being dependent on at least a first energy source; a first energy converter module having a first energy converter for converting a portion of the amount of energy provided of the first form of energy into a second form of energy different from the first form of energy, and a first energy storage for storing the amount of energy of the second form of energy; and a second energy converter module having a first energy converter for converting a portion of the amount of energy provided of the first form of energy into a second form of energy different from the first form of energy, and a first energy storage for storing the amount of energy of the second form of energy. A system is proposed, the system comprising: a second energy converter module having a second energy converter for converting another portion of the energy quantity of the first form of energy into energy of a third form different from the first form of energy and the second form of energy, a second energy storage for storing the energy quantity of the third form of energy, and a third energy converter for converting the stored amount of energy of the third form of energy into energy of the first form; a consumer module having at least one consumer of the building for consuming the energy quantity of the first form of energy and / or the energy quantity of the second form of energy; and a control unit for controlling each module of the system, wherein the first energy source for generating the first form of energy is a discontinuous energy source.

[0086] In particular, the control unit may control each module of the system such that, when an energy amount of the energy in the first form produced or provided by the first energy supply module is greater than an energy amount of the energy in the first form and an energy in the second form consumed by the consumer module, an excess amount of energy is stored in the first energy storage unit for storing energy in the second form and in the second energy storage unit for storing energy in the third form, substantially with a delay or simultaneously; and, when an energy amount of the energy in the first form produced or provided by the first energy supply module is less than an energy amount of the energy in the first form and an energy in the second form consumed by the consumer module, an energy amount stored in the first energy storage unit for storing energy in the second form and in the second energy storage unit for storing energy in the third form are re-released for consumption by the consumer module, substantially with a delay or simultaneously.

[0087] An exemplary system allows for the storage (e.g., via conversion or direct storage) of relatively large amounts of excess-produced electrical energy, thereby preventing this excess energy from being fed into the public power grid, which in turn contributes to network stability. If the reservoirs of different forms of energy (e.g., electrical, thermal, and chemical energy) are substantially fully utilized (fully charged), the system can release large amounts of energy into the environment through additional consumers (e.g., a heated outdoor pool, etc.), thereby removing the excess energy from the system without feeding into the public power grid and potentially contributing to instability on the grid.

[0088] The control unit of the exemplary system can also advantageously control the storage and discharge processes of the energy stores so that the storage process of the energy store of the second form of energy (electrical energy) is carried out simultaneously with the storage process of the energy store of the third form of energy (chemical energy). Both delayed and sequential storage of different forms of energy is possible. The same applies to the discharge process of the stores, which can also be controlled in time. Different conditions can be used as criteria / dependencies for when and how stores are filled or discharged (due, for example, to differences in the efficiency of individual forms of energy compared to other forms of energy during conversion, or to the demand for corresponding forms of energy for consumption in the building, etc.).

[0089] The exemplary system can advantageously be further developed in that the first energy supply module comprises a third energy store for storing an energy quantity of the first form of energy.

[0090] In particular, the control unit may control each module of the system such that, when an energy amount of the energy in the first form produced or provided by the first energy supply module is greater than an energy amount of the energy in the first form and an energy in the second form consumed by the consumer module, an excess amount of energy is stored in the first energy storage unit for storing energy in the second form, the second energy storage unit for storing energy in the third form, and the third energy storage unit for storing energy in the first form, substantially with a delay or simultaneously; and, when an energy amount of the energy in the first form produced or provided by the first energy supply module is less than an energy amount of the energy in the first form and an energy in the second form consumed by the consumer module, substantially with a delay or simultaneously, an energy amount stored in the first energy storage unit for storing energy in the second form, the second energy storage unit for storing energy in the third form, and the third energy storage unit for storing energy in the first form are re-released for consumption by the consumer module.

[0091] The exemplary system can advantageously be further developed by storing excess amounts of energy of the different forms of energy generated by the first energy supply module in the energy storage unit, releasing the amounts of energy of the different forms of energy stored in the energy storage unit, and converting the released amounts of energy of the different forms of energy in a sequence controlled by the control unit, with the sequence being determined depending on the efficiency between the amounts of energy generated, stored, and converted, with higher efficiency being preferred over lower efficiency.

[0092] In particular, taking into account efficiency differences to control when and how production or excess amounts of energy (e.g., electrical energy or one of the other two forms of energy) are converted into which form of energy contributes to optimal utilization of energy generated by discontinuous energy sources such as the sun and wind.

[0093] For example, if the amount of excess energy is relatively very large, it may make sense to convert the excess energy at a lower level of efficiency but with a larger storage capacity, whereas if the amount of excess energy is relatively small, it may be more useful to convert the excess energy at the highest possible efficiency but at the same time with a smaller storage capacity.

[0094] Additionally, parameters such as availability may be taken into account in terms of the storage capacity of individual forms of energy (e.g., if the storage for chemical energy is already 80% full, while the storage for electrical energy is only 20% full, then preferably the electrical storage should continue to be filled, etc.), or future changes in energy demand may be taken into account, for example, in relatively warm seasons (late spring to early autumn) less thermal energy (heat energy) is needed than in relatively cool seasons, and therefore the thermal storage of the system should be filled, for example, from the end of summer each year. This may also be decisive, or additionally, for the control of the system and the handling of excess energy.

[0095] For further advantageous further exemplary developments of the exemplary embodiment of the exemplary system, reference is made to the above-mentioned further developments of the exemplary system.

[0096] According to a further example, an exemplary method for controlling the aforementioned system for continuous energy supply to a building using a control unit includes: generating an amount of energy of a first form of energy by a first energy generator of a first energy supply module, the amount of energy generated being dependent on the first form of energy of at least one first discontinuous energy source; converting a part of the amount of energy of the first form of energy by a first energy converter of a first energy converter module into energy of a second form different from the energy of the first form; and consuming the amount of energy of the first form of energy and / or the amount of energy of the second form of energy by at least one consumer of a consumer module of the building, wherein, if the amount of energy of the first form of energy generated by the first energy supply module is greater than the amount of energy of the first form of energy and the second form of energy consumed by the consumer module, with a delay or simultaneously, converting a substantial excess amount of energy of the second form of energy to the first energy converter. and storing a substantial excess amount of the energy in the first form in a first energy storage unit of the second energy converter module, converting a substantial excess amount of the energy in the first form into energy in a third form different from the energy in the first form and the energy in the second form by a second energy converter of the second energy converter module, and storing an amount of the energy in the third form in a second energy storage unit of the second energy converter module; and if the amount of the energy in the first form produced by the first energy supply module is less than the amount of the energy in the first form and the energy in the second form consumed by the consumer module, releasing, with a delay or simultaneously, the amount of energy stored in the first energy storage unit for storing the energy in the second form for consumption by the consumer module, releasing the amount of energy stored in the second energy storage unit for storing the energy in the third form to the third energy converter, and releasing the amount of energy released by the second energy storage unit for storing the energy in the third form for consumption by the consumer module.and converting the energy in the first form into an energy quantity by a third energy converter.

[0097] The advantages already mentioned with respect to the exemplary system example naturally apply equally to the exemplary embodiment of the exemplary method, and therefore will not be repeated here.

[0098] An exemplary method may include, when an energy amount of the energy in the first form produced by the first energy supply module is greater than an energy amount of the energy in the first form and the energy in the second form consumed by the consumer module, delayed or simultaneously storing a portion of the substantial excess energy amount of the energy in the first form in a third energy storage unit of the first energy supply module, storing a substantial excess energy amount of the energy in the second form in a first energy storage unit of the first energy converter module, converting another portion of the substantial excess energy amount of the energy in the first form into energy in a third form by a second energy converter of the second energy converter module, and storing the energy amount of the energy in the third form in a second energy storage unit of the second energy converter module, and converting the amount of energy released by the second energy storage unit for storing the energy in the third form into an amount of energy of the first form by the third energy converter for consumption by the consumer module.

[0099] In an exemplary method, the storing of excess amounts of energy in the different forms of energy generated by the first energy supply module in the energy storage unit, the releasing of the amounts of energy stored in the energy storage unit, and the conversion of the released amounts of energy in the different forms of energy can be performed in a sequence controlled by the control unit, where the sequence is determined, for example, depending on the efficiency between the amounts of energy generated, stored, and converted, with higher efficiency being prioritized over lower efficiency. Alternatively or additionally, the sequence can be determined, for example, depending on a cost model between the amounts of energy generated, stored, and converted. The cost model is influenced by production costs, operating costs, and efficiency. Lower production costs and operating costs are prioritized over higher production costs and operating costs. Higher efficiency is prioritized over lower efficiency.

[0100] In an exemplary method, the first energy storage may include a short-term storage for short-term storing of the energy quantity of the second form of energy and a long-term storage for medium to long-term storing of the energy quantity of the second form of energy, the short-term storage and the long-term storage being directly operatively connected to each other such that the control unit can control the exchange of the energy quantity of the second form of energy between the short-term storage and the long-term storage.

[0101] In an exemplary method, the control unit can control the storage of the energy quantity of the second form of energy in the first energy storage such that primarily the energy quantity is stored in the short-term storage and secondarily the energy quantity of the second form of energy is stored in the long-term storage.

[0102] An exemplary method may include generating an energy amount of energy in a third form by a second energy generator of a second energy supply module, wherein the generating of the energy amount of energy in the third form by the second energy generator is dependent on at least one second energy source different from the first energy source; converting the generated amount of energy in the third form into energy in a second form by a fourth energy converter of the second energy supply module; and storing the energy amount of energy in the second form in a fourth energy storage of the second energy supply module, wherein a control unit controls the generation, conversion, and storage of the energy amount by the second energy supply module depending on energy demands of the system and availability of the second energy source.

[0103] An exemplary method may include, when an energy storage unit for storing energy in the second form substantially no longer has any capacity for the additional amount of energy of the second form of energy, consuming an excess amount of energy of the second form of energy by an additional consumer different from at least one consumer of the building consumer module to reduce the total amount of energy in the system.

[0104] In an exemplary method, the first form of energy can be electrical energy, the second form of energy can be thermal energy, and the third form of energy can be chemical energy.

[0105] An example method may include allowing or halting the supply of electrical energy from the public power grid to the system via a connection from the system to the public power grid, or allowing or halting the supply of electrical energy from the system to the public power grid via a connection from the system to the public power grid.

[0106] According to a further example, an exemplary control unit for controlling the aforementioned system for continuous energy supply to a building is proposed, wherein the control unit is further configured to implement the aforementioned method for controlling the aforementioned system for continuous energy supply to a building.

[0107] According to a further example, a computer program product is proposed having a computer program stored on a computer-readable data storage medium, the computer program being executable on the control unit as described above or executable in a computer connected to the control unit and configured to control the method as described above.

[0108] Further aspects and advantages thereof, as well as advantages and more specific implementation options of the above-described aspects and features, are set forth in the following specification and accompanying drawing description, which are in no way limiting. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0109] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 shows an overview of a systematic classification of exemplary systems in the supply structure of a building or in the systems and machines of a building with energy suppliers. [Figure 2] 1 illustrates an exemplary embodiment of an exemplary system for continuous demand-based energy supply to a building using a primary load-dependent first energy converter of a first energy converter module; [Figure 3] 1 is an exploded view of an exemplary building with an outbuilding in which an exemplary system is implemented. [Figure 4a] This figure shows a diagram of the heat absorption and heat dissipation, in kW, of each module of an exemplary system, calculated as an example in a model calculation, over a time range starting in January and ending in the first quarter of a certain year (here, as an example, 2022). [Figure 4b]FIG. 4B shows a continuation of the diagram of FIG. 4A over a time range for the second quarter of the exemplary year starting in April. [Figure 4c] FIG. 4B shows a continuation of the diagram of FIG. 4B over a time range starting in July of the third quarter of the exemplary year. [Figure 4d] FIG. 4B shows a continuation of the diagram of FIG. 4C over a time range of the fourth quarter starting in October of an exemplary year. [Figure 5a] FIG. 1 shows a diagram of the charging power and the extraction power, in kW, of a second energy storage device formed as a hydrogen storage device of an exemplary system, calculated as an example in a model calculation over a time range of one year (here, as an example, the year 2022). [Figure 5b] FIG. 1 shows a diagram of the filling level, in %, of a second energy store (e.g., a hydrogen store) of an exemplary system, calculated as an example in a model calculation, over a time range of one year (here, as an example, the year 2022). [Figure 6a] FIG. 10 shows a diagram of the charge power and the extracted power in kW of a third energy storage device formed as a vanadium redox flow battery of an exemplary system, calculated as an example in a model calculation, over a time range of one year (here, as an example, the year 2022). [Figure 6b] FIG. 10 shows a diagram of the fill level, in %, of a third energy storage device (e.g., a vanadium redox flow battery) of an exemplary system, calculated as an example in a model calculation, over a time span of one year (here, as an example, the year 2022). [Figure 7a] FIG. 1 shows a diagram of the long-term thermal storage charge power and extraction power, in kW, of an exemplary system, calculated as an example in a model calculation, over a time range of one year (here, 2022 as an example). [Figure 7b]FIG. 1 shows a diagram of the fill level of the long-term thermal storage (formed as a soil-bound thermal storage) of an exemplary system, calculated as an example in a model calculation, over a time range of one year (here, as an example, the year 2022), in %. [Figure 8a] FIG. 1 illustrates an exemplary method for controlling an exemplary system for continuous demand-based energy supply to a building using a control unit. [Figure 8b] 8a-8c show an example method for controlling an example system for continuous demand-based energy supply to a building using a control unit, which method can be used in addition to or instead of the example method as shown and described in FIG. 8a.

[0110] Detailed Description of the Drawings and Preferred Embodiments Examples or embodiments of the present disclosure will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which the same or similar elements in the various figures may be labeled with the same or, in some cases, different reference numerals.

[0111] It should be emphasized that the subject matter of the present disclosure is in no way limited to the exemplary embodiments and features of those embodiments described below, but on the contrary includes modifications of the exemplary embodiments, and in particular modifications that are achieved by modifying the features of the described examples or by combining one or more features of the described examples fall within the scope of protection of the independent claims.

[0112] FIG. 1 shows an overview of the systematic classification of exemplary systems 1000 and energy suppliers 40 / 45 in the supply structure of a building 2000 / 2100 or in the systems and machines of a building 2000 / 2100.

[0113] The diagram in a) shows, generally speaking, how a building 2000 / 2100 as a consumer is substantially connected to a supply of electrical energy E from an electricity supplier (public power grid 40) and to a supply of chemical energy C from, for example, a natural gas supplier 45.

[0114] The exemplary system 1000 is connected between an energy supplier 40 / 45 and a building 2000 / 2100 as a consumer, as shown in diagram b).

[0115] When there is a demand for a primary load (represented here as a demand for computing power 50), a primary load-dependent energy converter, such as a computing unit or data center in exemplary system 1000, can be used to generate heat in building 2000 / 2100 (by converting electrical energy E into consumption / thermal energy T via a computer process), in which case it is possible, for example, to omit the supply of natural gas to building 2000 / 2100 by natural gas supplier 45 (typically, natural gas is used to heat building 2000 / 2100 and possibly also for cooking in building 2000 / 2100). Additionally, the burning of fossil fuels can be largely avoided.

[0116] However, since the dependency on the main load may result in fluctuations in the production of heat, for example, for the building 2000 / 2100, it is advantageous to take measures to ensure a continuous energy supply of electrical energy E and thermal energy T to the building 2000 / 2100. To this end, in the following the exemplary system 1000 is described in more detail in FIG.

[0117] FIG. 2 shows an exemplary embodiment of an exemplary system 1000 for continuous demand-based energy supply to a building 2000 (see FIG. 3 for a more detailed view of the building) using a primary load-dependent first energy converter 210 of a first energy converter module 200.

[0118] In the technical teachings of this specification, a primary load is understood to be a value-adding activity of an apparatus (machine, equipment, system, etc.), such as machining components with a machine tool, performing computer operations and / or storage processes in a computing unit, etc.

[0119] These devices convert at least some forms of energy (first, second, third forms of energy) required to add value into another form of energy (first, second, third forms of energy) depending on the amount / load of value-adding activity (amount of main load). A part of the electrical energy E (e.g., first form of energy) required by the device for example to machine a workpiece or to perform a computer operation can be converted into e.g. thermal energy T (e.g., second form of energy). This amount of energy converted into heat (thermal energy T) can be advantageously used for other purposes (such as heating of private and / or office buildings, heating of agricultural facilities such as barns, etc.).

[0120] Such production processes or use of server / computing units are often subject to corresponding fluctuations, sometimes significant: for example, a machine tool that is not machining components due to maintenance / setup work may not be able to generate any usable waste heat, or a computing unit may be difficult to use to generate waste heat if it is not being used much.

[0121] This form of production / conversion of thermal energy T is therefore subject to fluctuations in the utilization / degree of the main load of the device and therefore can hardly guarantee a continuous supply of thermal energy T to the building / facility.

[0122] In the following, the interaction between the various components of the exemplary system 1000, and possibly between differently formed components (units, modules) thereof, will be explained using the exemplary system 1000, where further positive effects will be explained depending on the combinations and extensions of the exemplary system 1000.

[0123] When electrical energy E (e.g., energy in a first form) is provided, this electrical energy E or at least a portion of this electrical energy E (or the energy amount of the electrical energy E) can be converted, for example, into thermal energy T (e.g., energy in a second form), advantageously by the primary load-dependent first energy converter 210 of the first energy converter module 200. In particular, initially, the high level of efficiency, comparable to that of power-to-heat systems, can be advantageous over other conversions (e.g., power-to-gas).

[0124] For this purpose, it may be particularly advantageous to provide, for example in the first energy converter module 200, a computing unit 210 / computing center 210 as the first energy converter 210, which uses the provided electrical energy E to perform computer operations and / or storage processes, thereby converting part or most of the electrical energy E into thermal energy T and making this thermal energy T available to the system 1000, for example by feeding the thermal energy T to the heat supply of the building 2000, which would otherwise normally be released to the environment as waste heat or via a cooling system.

[0125] In this way, on the one hand, the electrical energy E supplied to the exemplary system 1000 can be converted very effectively into thermal energy T, and at the same time the computing unit 210 / data center 210 can provide computing and storage capacities, which will become increasingly important in the course of the digitalization of society and a wide variety of processes and therefore will be in demand in the coming years or decades.

[0126] The computing unit 210 / data center 210 may be designed as a server structure, for example, with access options worldwide, and / or may be used as an intranet, for example, within a large company / group, thereby bringing benefits to the company.

[0127] In addition, other devices such as machine tools or large-scale systems (e.g., packaging systems, sorting systems, etc.) can also be used as the first energy converter 210, since these devices often have numerous drives and / or hydraulic units, some of which need to be cooled. Another example is the friction of the tools of the machine tool when machining a workpiece, which also generates heat, which is often carried away from the workpiece by so-called cooling lubricants. Chemical systems, which for example "incidentally" generate heat during the chemical transformation of a substance, can also be used as the first energy converter 210.

[0128] However, the production of heat (conversion of electrical energy E or chemical energy C to thermal energy T) is not the only component that may be advantageous in the exemplary system 1000; storage of thermal energy T (or amounts of thermal energy) may also be advantageously considered in a variety of ways.

[0129] For example, it may be advantageous to provide a short-term storage unit 220 (or day storage unit) as the first energy storage unit 220 / 230 for storing thermal energy T for a short period of time (e.g., a few hours to a few days), thereby providing the amount of thermal energy T required during the day and night in the consumer modules 600 (heat consumer modules 600) of the building 2000, which may be particularly sensitive to fluctuations in the amount of energy per unit time depending on the demand, to meet an increase in demand in the short term, or conversely, to meet a decrease in demand.

[0130] For example, so-called buffer stores 220 (e.g. in the form of layered stores that store thermal energy in layers depending on the temperature level) have proven to be very advantageous, since such buffer stores 220 are relatively limited in terms of the amount of thermal energy T that they can store and are therefore depleted very quickly, but at the same time they can also be quickly and relatively quickly recharged with thermal energy T. As a result, day / night fluctuations in the consumption of thermal energy T in the consumer modules 600 of the building 2000 can be advantageously handled.

[0131] Another component of the system 1000 may also be a storage unit for thermal energy T, capable of storing relatively large amounts of thermal energy T for the medium term (days to weeks) or long term (weeks to months) and, in part, capable of providing the amount of heat needed in the building 2000 to the consumer module 600 over an extended period (possibly more than several months).

[0132] Such heat storage units, also referred to as seasonal storage units 230 / long-term storage units 230 (or seasonal or interseasonal storage units), of the first energy storage units 220 / 230 can be configured, for example, as container heat storage units, earth basin heat storage units, geothermal probe heat storage units, or aquifer heat storage units, and have advantages and disadvantages depending on demand and geological environmental or initial infrastructure conditions.

[0133] Additionally, it may be advantageous, for example, for the short-term storage 220 and the long-term storage 230 of the first energy storage 220 / 230 to have a direct connection / working connection for exchanging heat quantities, so that, for example, when the amount of thermal energy T provided or converted by the exemplary data center 210 is no longer able to cover the thermal energy T consumption of the building 2000, the heat quantity (or a portion thereof) long-term stored in the long-term storage 230 can be made available to the short-term storage 220 via a short and therefore rapid route.

[0134] Additionally, heat can be advantageously exchanged (e.g., from short-term storage 220 to long-term storage 230) via a heat exchanger, which may result in a decrease in temperature level. Conversely, a heat pump (see, e.g., heat pump 510) and the provision of electrical energy E (as an exemplary first form of energy) can transfer heat from long-term storage 230 back to short-term storage 220 with an increase in temperature level.

[0135] Another advantageous component of the exemplary system 1000, and in particular of the first energy converter module 200, can be the fifth energy store 240 formed as a thermochemical heat store 240. For example, excess heat can be coupled to an endothermic chemical reaction (converting thermal energy T into storable chemical energy C) without loss over an extended period of time as stored chemical energy C using silica gel, metal hydrides, zeolites, or metal oxides, such as hygroscopic oxides like boron oxide, in an oil suspension. The heat (thermal energy T) can be released, when needed, via a controlled exothermic chemical reaction (conversion of stored chemical energy C to thermal energy T) and made available for use in the building 2000 or outbuilding 2100. The reaction products of the exothermic reaction correspond to the reaction starting materials of the endothermic reaction, thereby creating an overall reversible process for the storage and release of thermal energy.

[0136] Additionally, for example, to store thermal energy T in a space-saving manner compared to a soil-tank-type thermal storage unit, the long-term storage unit 230 can also be formed as a thermochemical storage unit 240 (fifth energy storage unit 240).

[0137] Since not all buildings have seasonal / long-term storage 230 / 230 for long-term storage of thermal energy T and / or some long-term thermal storage is never filled, it may be highly advantageous to provide an additional module in the exemplary system 1000 for continuous demand-based energy supply to the building 2000.

[0138] For this purpose, a second energy converter module 300 may be an advantageous component, which, in contrast to the first energy converter module 200, is then able to convert electrical energy E into chemical energy C (e.g., a third form of energy) (power-to-gas) and also to convert chemical energy C back into electrical energy E and / or thermal energy T.

[0139] In particular, the second energy converter module 300 can for example comprise a second energy converter 310, for example an electrolysis unit 310, which converts electrical energy E into chemical energy C via a redox reaction with water (water electrolysis) to produce thermal energy T, in which water is split into oxygen (O2) and hydrogen (H2). Advantageously, the latter of these two can be used for example to carry out a conversion in a third energy converter 330 (for example a combined heat and power plant 330 burning hydrogen H2 or a fuel cell 330 converting hydrogen H2 into electricity by supplying oxygen O2, in both cases producing waste heat), thereby generating demand-based electrical energy E (electricity) and / or thermal energy T (heat) for the consumer modules 600 (thermal consumer modules 600) and / or 800 (electricity consumer modules 800) of the building 2000.

[0140] In addition, it may be advantageous if the second energy converter module 300 comprises a second energy store 320 for storing the chemical energy C (such as hydrogen H) formed / produced in the second energy converter 310 (e.g. the electrolysis unit 310). The advantage of this energy storage method is that a relatively large amount of energy can be stored in a relatively small space, since gaseous substances, in particular as carriers of chemical energy E (e.g. hydrogen), are very highly compressible and storable under appropriate pressure. This means that a store for a large amount of chemical energy C can be advantageously provided in or on a building, even if a relatively small space is required.

[0141] Furthermore, the second energy converter 310 and the third energy converter 330 can be designed as an assembly 340, in particular as a reversible fuel cell 340, which can convert an amount of energy of electrical energy E into an amount of energy of chemical energy C in a process, in which case the chemical energy C can be stored in the second energy store 320, and this process can be carried out in the reverse direction from chemical energy C to electrical energy E.

[0142] In both processes (electrical energy E to chemical energy C and chemical energy C to electrical energy E), additional thermal energy T is generated, which can be stored in the first energy storage 220 / 230 of the first energy converter module 200, similar to the resulting thermal energy T in the electrolysis unit 310 and / or fuel cell 330 / combined heat and power plant 330.

[0143] The use of a reversible fuel cell 340 as the second energy converter 310 not only advantageously reduces the number of individual components in the exemplary system 1000, but also allows for efficient temporary storage of excess energy, e.g., generated by the wind turbine 110 or the solar power unit 120, in the second energy storage 320 (e.g., as a gas bottle or, due to the relatively low pressure of 30-40 bar, as a large-capacity plastic tank or the like). (Furthermore, in addition to storing it in gaseous form, it is also possible to chemically bind H as a liquid to ammonia, e.g., if a pressure of at least 9 bar can be applied in the storage process.) In particular, in addition to storing the excess energy as thermal energy T in the corresponding short-term or long-term storage 220 or 230, the operator of the exemplary system 1000 can be provided with the additional option of storing the excess energy as chemical energy C, whereby aspects such as the efficiency of the conversion of electrical energy E to thermal energy T or chemical energy C, respectively, and / or the demand for thermal energy T and / or electrical energy E can be taken into account again.

[0144] An advantageous reversible fuel cell 310 can be, for example, a polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEM) or a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC), the latter of which can achieve power-to-power efficiencies of up to 70%. Because this efficiency is significantly lower than for power-to-heat applications, it can be particularly advantageous to use power-to-gas systems, particularly when a significant excess of electrical energy E is present in the exemplary system 1000 and the thermal storage devices 220, 230 are, for example, already very fully charged or completely depleted, or when the thermal storage devices 220, 230 are too small or unavailable, thereby using the power-to-gas system as a supplement or replacement for these thermal storage devices 220, 230.

[0145] By the exemplary combination of the main load dependent first energy converter 210 (e.g. in the form of a machine tool, computing unit, etc.) for converting electrical energy E into thermal energy T, storage options for the thermal energy T via the short term storage 220 and the long term storage 230, the conversion option from electrical energy E to chemical energy C via the second energy converter 310 (e.g. as an electrolysis unit 310) and the corresponding storage options (second energy storage 320 for storing chemical energy C), and by being able to convert chemical energy C into electrical energy E and / or thermal energy T, both electrical energy E and thermal energy T are advantageously made available to the consumer modules 600, 800 of the building 2000 (thermal consumer modules 600 / electrical consumer modules 800) continuously on demand basis.

[0146] Additional challenges may be posed if only discontinuous energy sources such as wind 10 and solar radiation 20 are to be used to provide the electrical energy E, or if only discontinuous energy sources are available.

[0147] Discontinuous energy sources such as wind 10 and solar radiation 20 can have very different intensities depending on the weather, time of day or night, season, and location (e.g., the equator or a pole, as extreme cases), or can, for example, be completely absent or unavailable. Thus, the energy supply based on these discontinuous energy sources 10, 20 in the exemplary system 1000 can range from the maximum possible (e.g., a cloudless summer midday when solar radiation 20 is strongest and, at the same time, for example, a corresponding strong wind 10 is blowing) to a complete collapse (e.g., during the night, when there is no wind at all, also known as "Dunkelflaute").

[0148] Because the discontinuous energy sources 10, 20 are highly dependent on the environment and cannot provide continuous energy (a continuous amount of energy), it may be appropriate to use the corresponding exemplary system 1000. By utilizing this exemplary system 1000 and using different forms of energy, such as electrical energy E as a first form of energy, thermal energy T as a second form of energy, and chemical energy C as a third form of energy, and by utilizing the ability to convert and store these different forms of energy into each other form of energy, the storage option can be recharged when the energy supply from the discontinuous energy sources 10, 20 is in excess of the energy consumption in the building 2000, or the energy storage can be consumed when the energy supply from the discontinuous energy sources 10, 20 is insufficient to the energy consumption of the building 2000.

[0149] In contrast, there are continuous energy sources, such as the public power grid 40 for the exemplary system 1000, which are essentially a wide variety of traditional energy sources for producing electrical energy, ranging from the combustion of fossil fuels such as coal or gas, to the use of hydropower (e.g., pumped storage hydroelectric plants) or nuclear energy.

[0150] Depending on which of these traditional energy sources is being considered, some of these energy sources are relatively easy to control (in the sense of switching on and off), while others are less easily controlled or must be kept running continuously (e.g., coal-fired power plants). All of these different continuous energy sources feed into the public power grid 40 and also contribute to the maintenance or stability of the public power grid 40.

[0151] For example, the first energy supply module 100 can provide electrical energy E (a first form of energy) as a continuous energy source via the public power grid 40 and as a discontinuous energy source such as wind 10 and / or solar radiation 20, for example, the wind 10 and / or solar radiation 20 can be converted into electrical energy E by the wind turbine 110 and / or solar power generation unit 120 of the first energy supply module 100 and supplied to the first energy converter module 200, the second energy converter module 300, and / or the electrical consumer module 800 of the building 2000 for further use.

[0152] In particular, when the electrical energy E is provided exclusively by discontinuous energy sources such as wind 10 and / or solar radiation 20 using wind turbines 110 or photovoltaic power generation units 120, it may be advantageous to store the electrical energy E in a third energy store 130 of the first energy supply module 100. For example, the third energy store 130 can be formed as a vanadium redox flow battery or as a lithium-ion battery or a lithium iron phosphate battery.

[0153] To store the electrical energy E (the first form of energy), various types of batteries can be advantageously used, with vanadium redox flow batteries having significantly higher operational reliability than lithium-ion batteries. This is because the electrolyte of vanadium redox flow batteries is neither flammable nor explosive due to its high water content, which means that vanadium redox flow batteries can withstand short circuits without damage. In addition, vanadium redox flow batteries are more permanently stable than lithium-ion batteries. Lithium iron phosphate batteries have higher cycling stability than lithium-ion batteries, but do not achieve the long-term stability of vanadium redox flow batteries.

[0154] It has been found advantageous that even in the case of discontinuous provision of electrical energy E via the discontinuous energy sources wind 10 and solar radiation 20, the exemplary system 1000 can be used to overcome fluctuations in the amount of electrical energy E provided, through an advantageous combination with the second energy converter module 300 (power-to-gas system).

[0155] As mentioned above, if there is an excess of electrical energy E (if the amount of energy E provided by the wind turbines 110 and / or solar power generation units 120 based on the discontinuous energy sources wind 10 and solar radiation 20 is greater than the total amount of electrical energy and thermal energy consumed by the consumer modules 600, 800 of the building 2000), the excess electrical energy E is stored directly in the third energy storage unit 130 and / or converted into a storable gas, for example by the electrolysis unit 310 / reversible fuel cell 310.

[0156] Only when there is a shortage of electric energy E (when the amount of electric energy E provided by the wind turbines 110 and / or solar power generation units 120 based on the discontinuous energy sources wind 10 and solar radiation 20 is less than the total amount of electric energy and thermal energy consumed by the consumer modules 600, 800 of the building 2000), can the electric energy E be converted back into a stored form of energy, such as electric energy E (e.g., stored in the third energy storage unit 130) or chemical energy C (e.g., stored in the second energy storage unit 320 and then converted into electric energy E to a third energy converter 330 such as a combined heat and power plant 330 or a reversible fuel cell 310), in order to continuously supply electric energy E to the building 2000 on a demand-based basis.

[0157] Furthermore, the exemplary system 1000 can include a second energy supply module 400, which generates chemical energy C based on a second energy source 30 by a second energy generator 410. The second energy source 30 can be biomass 30, in particular as a renewable raw material. For example, wood 30 in the form of logs, pellets, etc. is particularly suitable for the biomass 30. However, other types of biomass (e.g., other plant components) can also be used to produce chemical energy C (e.g., by fermenting biomass such as plant components to produce biogas, in particular methane CH4). For example, the generated chemical energy C can be re-stored in a corresponding storage unit comparable to the second energy storage unit 320 of the second energy converter module 300.

[0158] Furthermore, the second energy supply module 400 may include a fourth energy converter 420, which converts the chemical energy C generated by the second energy generator 410 into thermal energy T. For this purpose, it may be advantageous if the chemical energy C is converted into thermal energy T by combustion and made available to the exemplary system 1000 for use, for example in the form of heating a hot water circuit / hot water network of the building 2000, and further if this thermal energy T can be used (at least in part) to generate the chemical energy C in the second energy generator 410.

[0159] For example, for this purpose, a wood gasification boiler can be advantageously used, in which the wood gasification by the second energy generator 410 (wood gasifier 410) is carried out spatially separated from the combustion of wood gas by the fourth energy converter 420 (wood gas burner 420), but the wood gasification boiler (including the second energy generator 410 and the fourth energy converter 420) is essentially one assembly.

[0160] Furthermore, the second energy supply module 400 can include a fourth energy storage 430 for storing thermal energy T (e.g., energy in a second form), in which case the fourth energy storage 430 may, for example, not be operatively connected to the first energy storage 220 / 230 for storing thermal energy T, or may, for example, be operatively connected directly to the first energy storage 220 / 230 for storing thermal energy T, in order to make the amounts of thermal energy T mutually exchangeable.

[0161] Another exemplary aspect of exemplary system 1000 may be additional heat-generating devices, which may potentially not always be able to generate the required amount of heat, especially in view of the fact that, for example, computing units 210 / computing centers 210 generate a corresponding amount of heat only when a significant amount of computing and / or storage operations are performed by these computing units 210 / computing centers 210 (the conversion of electrical energy E into thermal energy T is dependent on the main load).

[0162] The exemplary system 1000 may advantageously include a heat pump 510 in an additional heating module 500 that increases the amount of thermal energy T in the system 1000 by reversing a heat-to-power process that may require additional electrical energy E. Additionally, it may be advantageous for the heat pump 510 to use thermal energy T stored in the long-term storage 230 of the first energy storage 220 / 230, further increase the amount of this thermal energy through a reversed heat-to-power process, and then deliver this increased amount of thermal energy to the system 1000.

[0163] Additional heat contribution in exemplary system 1000 can be provided, for example, by a heat cartridge 520 (or modulated instantaneous water heater 520) of an additional heating module 500 in exemplary system 1000, which generates thermal energy T using supplied electrical energy E (power-to-heat). In particular, when electrical energy E is in excess and the computing unit 210 / data center 210 (or another device such as a machine tool, sorting system, etc.) is underutilized, and / or when electrical storage 130 is nearly completely depleted, or when electrical storage 130 or chemical storage 320 has already reached its maximum power wattage, the use of heat cartridge 520 / modulated instantaneous water heater 520 can contribute additional watts and thus provide support in providing thermal energy T to building 2000.

[0164] The building itself may include multiple consumers 610, 620, 650, for example within a consumer module 600, and for example some consumers 610, 620 may be located inside the building 2000 and some consumers 650 may be located outside the building 2000 or in an outbuilding 2100 of the building.

[0165] For example, the building consumer module 600 (heat consumer module 600) may also include, as consumers for thermal energy T, a potable water consumer 610 using heated water, and one or more radiators 620 (or surface heating systems 620; see below) for heating the indoor air of the building 2000. The provision of potable water (including heated potable water) and the heating of the air in the building 2000 are typically basic requirements for any residential or office building.

[0166] Additionally, building 2000 may have a thermal network 640 that is separate from the generation of thermal energy T and the transportation of thermal energy T from the generation or storage location to the consumption location, and may interact with heat exchanger 630, for example, for use by consumers 610, 620, or may interact as a linked hydraulic system to exchange thermal energy T.

[0167] In addition, the building 2000 may have an outbuilding 2100 (e.g., a workshop, barn, stable, etc.) that has at least one or more radiators 650 or surface heating systems 650 (such as underfloor heating, wall panel heating, or ceiling heating) for heating the indoor air of the outbuilding 2100. These differ, among other things, in the flow temperature required by each heating system. For example, a radiator 650 typically requires a flow temperature of about 55°C, while a panel heating system 650 typically requires a flow temperature of only 35°C.

[0168] Another exemplary embodiment of the exemplary system 1000 may be an outdoor swimming pool 700, whose heat needs are also supplied by the building's thermal network 640. A particular feature of such an outdoor swimming pool 700 (additional consumer 700) may be its large volume of water and its exchange with outside air at a suitable ambient temperature, both of which result in large power losses from evaporative cooling (depending on the size of the water surface of the outdoor swimming pool 700) and heat losses to the environment (depending on the outside air temperature).

[0169] In particular, the outdoor swimming pool, in addition to its capacity as a place of entertainment for people, can also be a technically advantageous component in the exemplary system 1000. This is especially true when a very large amount of thermal energy T is already present in the exemplary system 1000, e.g. when all thermal reservoirs 220 / 230 are already filled, and when the value-adding activity (primary load) of the first energy converter module 200 (e.g. processing a workpiece in the case of a machine tool or performing computing operations or storage processes in the case of a computing unit / server) is currently performed, e.g. at full load, and therefore the additional heat production by the primary-load-dependent first energy converter 210 cannot be reduced.

[0170] In that case, it may be highly advantageous to be able to remove thermal energy T from the exemplary system 1000. Here, the large amount of water in the outdoor pool 700 (additional consumer 700) may play an advantageous role, since a corresponding amount of thermal energy T is "consumed" to (additionally) heat the pool, and this large amount of thermal energy T can thereby be extracted from the exemplary system 1000.

[0171] It may also be advantageous to have the outdoor pool 700 exchange heat with the outside air, which not only removes a large amount of heat energy T from the exemplary system 1000 already by (additionally) heating the outdoor pool 700, but also allows a large amount of heat energy T from the exemplary system 1000 to be continuously released into the outside air.

[0172] In this way, for example, the outdoor pool 700 (additional consumer 700) allows a kind of emergency cooling of the exemplary system 1000, but this is only performed when, for example, further use or storage of the thermal energy T in the exemplary system 1000 is not possible.

[0173] Of course, the same can be done, for example, if there is too much electrical energy E in the exemplary system 1000 and the electrical energy E cannot be converted into thermal energy T by the first energy converter module 200 having the primary load-dependent first energy converter 210, and it is desired to intentionally release this electrical energy E from the exemplary system 1000.

[0174] In that case, the electrical energy E can be converted into chemical energy C, for example by conversion by the second energy converter module 300, which already generates thermal energy T, which can be supplied to the outdoor pool 700. Furthermore, the chemical energy C, besides being stored in the second energy store 320, can in particular be converted into thermal energy T (for example in the third energy converter 330 or the combined heat and power plant 330), supplied to the outdoor pool 700 and released into the outside air. Alternatively or additionally, the electrical energy E can of course be released from the exemplary system 1000, for example by the heat pump 510 and / or the heat cartridges 520, and converted into thermal energy T, which can be re-released into the outside / ambient air via the outdoor pool 700.

[0175] Furthermore, the corresponding control unit 900 of the exemplary system 1000 can be used to appropriately control the amount of electrical energy E provided by the wind turbine 110, the solar power generating unit 120, or the public power grid 40, thereby reducing or completely stopping the additional provision of electrical energy E. The exemplary system 1000 is controlled so that the electricity generators (e.g., wind turbine 110 / solar power generating unit 120) always produce as much electricity as the consumers of electrical energy E consume, and in particular, the electrical storage devices (such as the third energy storage device 130) have the ability to both function as electricity consumers (when they absorb electrical energy E, thus reducing the current amount of electrical energy E in the exemplary system 1000) and as electricity producers (when they release stored electrical energy E), so that, for example, on a smart meter with a digital counter and a digital HAN interface to the exemplary system 1000, the amount of power can be adjusted by the controller so that no power is transferred from or to the public power grid 40.

[0176] The electricity consumer modules 800 of the building 2000 can also contribute to the extraction of electric energy E from the exemplary system 1000. On the one hand, the completely normal electricity demands 810 of the building 2000 and / or outbuildings 2100 (e.g., operating refrigerators, lights, operating computer technology, etc.) can be used as consumers of electric energy E, but also additional installations 820, 830, such as corresponding charging stations / wallboxes 820, 830 for charging electrically powered vehicles, such as electric cars, electric scooters, and / or e-scooters, as consumers of electric energy E, can significantly reduce the amount of electric energy E in the exemplary system 1000.

[0177] In addition, a control unit 900 for controlling the modules (e.g., the first energy supply module 100, the first energy converter module 200, the second energy converter module 300, the second energy supply module 400, the additional heating module 500, the heat consumer module 600, the outdoor pool 700, the electricity consumer module 800) may be advantageous for the exemplary system 1000.

[0178] For example, it may be advantageous that storing excess amounts of different forms of energy (first, second, and third forms of energy such as electrical energy, thermal energy, and chemical energy) in the respective energy storage units (first energy storage unit 220 / 230, second energy storage unit 320, third energy storage unit 130, fourth energy storage unit 430, and fifth energy storage unit 240), releasing the amounts of energy of the different forms of energy stored in the energy storage units, and converting the excess amounts of energy or the released amounts of energy of the different forms of energy are performed in a sequence controlled by the control unit 900.

[0179] In addition, the control unit 900 can be configured to determine the order, for example, depending on the value-adding activity of the device (main load of the main load-dependent first energy converter 210) and / or depending on the demand of the consumer modules 600, 800 for an amount of energy in a first form of energy (e.g., in the form of electrical energy E) and an amount of energy in a second form of energy (e.g., thermal energy T).

[0180] Alternatively or additionally, differences in efficiency, for example, when converting from one form of energy to another different form of energy, can be taken into account by the control unit 900, and the sequence of conversion, storage, and generation behavior of each form of energy of the exemplary system 1000 can be changed / controlled accordingly, for example, with higher efficiency being preferred over lower efficiency.

[0181] In particular, taking efficiency differences into account when controlling when and how production or excess amounts of energy (e.g., electrical energy or one of the other two forms of energy) are converted into which form of energy contributes to optimal utilization of the energy provided and continuous demand-based supply to building 2000.

[0182] For example, if the amount of excess energy is relatively very large, it may make sense to convert the excess energy at a lower level of efficiency but with a larger storage capacity, whereas if the amount of excess energy is relatively small, it may be more useful to convert the excess energy at the highest possible efficiency but at the same time with a smaller storage capacity.

[0183] Alternatively or additionally, a cost model between the amount of energy generated, stored, and converted can be used to determine the sequence by the control unit 900. The cost model is influenced by production costs, operating costs, and efficiency. Lower production and operating costs are preferred over higher production and operating costs. Higher efficiency is preferred over lower efficiency.

[0184] Further, the control unit 900 can be configured to control the storage of an amount of energy of the second form of energy (e.g., thermal energy T) in, for example, the first energy storage unit 220 / 230 such that primarily the amount of energy is stored in the short-term storage unit 220 and secondarily the amount of energy of the second form of energy is stored in the long-term storage unit 230.

[0185] Additionally, for example, the control unit 900 can be configured to control the outdoor pool 700 (additional consumer 700) such that an excess amount of the second form of energy is supplied to the outdoor pool 700 (additional consumer 700) for consumption in order to reduce the total amount of energy in the exemplary system 1000, in particular the amount of energy in the second form, when the energy storage device for storing the second form of energy (e.g., thermal energy T) substantially no longer has any capacity for the additional amount of energy in the second form of energy.

[0186] As a result, a type of "emergency cooling" of the exemplary system 1000 can be implemented if necessary, for example, significantly reducing the amount of energy in the system 1000.

[0187] Further, the control unit 900 can be configured to allow or stop the supply of electrical energy E from the public power grid 40 to the exemplary system 1000, for example, to provide electrical energy E, and / or to allow or stop the supply of electrical energy E from the exemplary system 1000 to the public power grid 40, for example, in the event that there is an excess of self-produced electrical energy E (e.g., by the wind turbines 110 and / or the solar power generation units 120).

[0188] In particular, with regard to the feeding of electrical energy E into the public power grid 40, care can advantageously be taken not to jeopardize the so-called grid stability.

[0189] For example, if all photovoltaic power systems in Germany were to feed into the public power grid 40 in addition to all traditional energy sources, the amount of electrical energy E in the grid could become very excessive, which in the worst case scenario would lead to a power grid collapse, a so-called blackout.

[0190] However, even much smaller amounts of energy can cause problems with the public grid, and therefore there is a requirement, for example, when building new solar PV systems, that these systems must be able to be reduced from their 100 kW peak output remotely by the network operator in the presence of potential grid overload or grid instability.

[0191] At this point, it should be noted that in the exemplary system 1000, electrical energy E has been selected as the first form of energy, thermal energy T has been selected as the second form of energy, and chemical energy C has been selected as the third form of energy. The system 1000 described herein is in no way limited thereto, but rather the first form of energy could be one of two other forms of energy (thermal energy or chemical energy), the second form of energy could be one of the other two forms of energy (electrical energy or chemical energy), and the third form of energy could be one of the other two forms of energy (electrical energy or thermal energy).

[0192] At this point, it should be noted that exemplary system 1000 includes lines (E, T, C) configured for the respective energy transfers (electrical energy E, thermal energy T, chemical energy C) from one module and / or converter and / or storage unit to another module and / or converter and / or storage unit and / or consumer. For the transmission of electrical energy E, different current-carrying lines / materials can be used, such as lines made of steel, aluminum, copper, etc. For the energy transfer of thermal energy T, fluid-carrying lines (e.g., pipes) can be used, such as water-carrying lines, brine-carrying lines, or air-carrying lines. Brine-carrying lines can contain, for example, aqueous solutions of salts or refrigerants such as glycols or halogenated hydrocarbons from plant products and fossil petroleum, as well as other fluids for heat transfer. For the energy transfer of chemical energy C, for example, fluid transport lines (e.g., pipes) or fluid transport containers (e.g., tanks) can be used, which are configured to transport hydrogen and / or methane, or suspensions of silica gel, metal hydrides, zeolites, or metal oxides, such as boron oxide in an oily suspension.

[0193] FIG. 3 shows an exploded view of an exemplary building 2000 having an outbuilding 2100 in which the exemplary system 1000 is implemented.

[0194] For example, on the roof of building 2000 and / or its outbuilding 2100, photovoltaic power generation units 120 are used to provide electrical energy E, which can be stored in a third energy storage device 130, here exemplarily formed as a vanadium redox flow battery, and used for consumption in building 2000 or outbuilding 2100. For example, third energy storage device 130 can be built some distance from outbuilding 2100 and on a separate foundation (see the right side of Figure 3).

[0195] The electrical energy E provided by the photovoltaic power generation unit 120 or the electrical energy E released by the third energy storage device 130 can be advantageously converted into thermal energy T in the mains-dependent first energy converter 210. As an example, a server / computer unit with a corresponding server rack with water cooling is shown, in which case heated water depending on the utilization rate of the computing unit can be used, for example, to heat the building 2000 or the outbuilding 2100 in the exemplary system 1000. The computing unit can be arranged as the mains-dependent first energy converter 210, for example, on the second floor of the outbuilding 2100. Of course, the computing unit can also be arranged anywhere else in the building 2000 or the outbuilding 2100. It would be advantageous to create a structurally suitable room or installation site with thermal insulation, soundproofing, and electromagnetic shielding.

[0196] Furthermore, a second energy converter 310 is provided in the outbuilding 2100, for example, for converting electrical energy E into chemical energy C, in order to perform a corresponding conversion in case of an excess of electrical energy E and store the chemical energy C in one of the second energy storage devices 320. When electrical energy E and / or thermal energy T are needed, the stored chemical energy C can be recovered again and, for example, by suitable conversion or reconversion in a fuel cell 330 or a combined heat and power plant 330, electrical energy E and / or thermal energy T can be produced and made available for consumption in the building 2000 or the outbuilding 2100.

[0197] Additionally, the exemplary building 2000 or outbuilding 2100 may also use a heat pump 510 to provide additional thermal energy to the exemplary system 1000, and the heat pump 510 may advantageously be located in spatial proximity to the short-term thermal storage unit 220 and / or the long-term thermal storage unit 230.

[0198] The generated heat (thermal energy T) can be stored, for example, in short-term heat storage 220 for short-term resupply, or in long-term heat storage 230, such as seasonal heat storage, for long-term resupply. This seasonal heat storage (long-term heat storage 230) can be provided, for example, by a brine pipe looped between the strip foundations of outbuilding 2100, and the heat (thermal energy T) can be released into surrounding materials for long-term storage.

[0199] Additionally, a fifth energy storage device 240 configured as a thermochemical heat storage device 240 can be provided within the building 2000 or the outbuilding 2100 for long-term storage of generated heat. For example, if the interior or upper space of the building 2000 or the outbuilding 2100 does not allow for a “traditional” long-term heat storage device 230, such as a soil basin-type heat storage device or a container-type heat storage device, the long-term heat storage device 230 can also be configured as a thermochemical heat storage device 240. In the case where there is an excess of heat in the exemplary system 1000, and all of the heat or thermochemical storage devices are already filled, and a type of emergency cooling is required to reduce the total amount of energy (particularly total heat energy) from the exemplary system 1000, an outdoor pool 700 can be provided as an exemplary additional heat consumer 700. Heating the outdoor pool 700 using the heat in the system 1000, along with the large amount of heat loss from evaporative cooling depending on the size of the water surface and heat loss to the environment depending on the outside temperature, can significantly reduce the overall heat amount in the exemplary system 1000.

[0200] In addition to typical consumers such as the radiators and / or surface heating systems 620 of the building 2000 and the radiators and / or surface heating systems 650 of the outbuilding 2100 in the heat consumer module 600, and the general electrical consumers / power demands 810 of the building 2000 or the outbuilding 2100 in the electrical consumer module 800, charging stations / wallboxes 820, 830 for charging electric vehicles with electrical energy E may also be provided in the exemplary building 2000 or the outbuilding 2100, for example in particular in the exemplary garage.

[0201] At this point, it should be noted that the exemplary building 2000 or outbuilding 2100 shown and described here by way of example may also include further modules or parts of modules of the exemplary system 1000 described in FIG. 2, for example a second energy supply module 400 formed as a wood gasification boiler (including a second energy generator 410 and a fourth energy converter 420).

[0202] 4a to 7b, described below, each representing a diagram, specifically address the topic of the energy balance of chemical energy C, electrical energy E, and thermal energy T, with respect to the production, consumption, and storage by each module or unit, and these diagrams show energy as power P (y-axis) in kW over time t (x-axis) and as the area under the respective curve (integral).

[0203] FIG. 4a shows a diagram of the heat absorption (values ​​in the negative area of ​​the power axis represent heat consumption) and heat dissipation (values ​​in the positive area of ​​the power axis represent heat generation) in kW for each module 200, 300, 500, 600, and 700 of an exemplary system 1000, calculated as an example in a model calculation, over a time range starting from January to the first quarter of a given year (here, as an example, 2022).

[0204] It can be seen that the thermal output of the main load-dependent first energy converter 210, here formed for example as a server, has two thermal quantities 210Ta and 210Tb. The server has a thermal quantity 210Ta due to the base load of the server and a load-dependent thermal quantity 210Tb due to the specific load on the server resulting from computing and / or storage processes. It can also be seen that the base load of the server dissipates a continuous thermal quantity 210Ta over the quarter, while the load-dependent thermal quantity 210Tb shows individual smaller fluctuations (for example due to isolated, significantly lower server utilization).

[0205] These fluctuations are compensated for, for example, by the amount of heat 510Ta released by use of the heat pump 510, which uses the amount of heat stored in the seasonal / long-term heat storage 230 during the previous year to provide the amount of heat needed in the exemplary system 1000.

[0206] In addition to the amount of heat dissipated by the first energy converter 210, which is dependent on the main load, it is also possible to see in the diagram of Fig. 4a the amount of heat 310Ta released by the electrolysis unit 310 and the amount of heat 330Ta released by the fuel cell 330. Both of these amounts of released heat 310Ta, 330Ta are produced more in the first quarter of the year, especially at the beginning of the year, and then decrease towards March.

[0207] In contrast to this, there is heat absorbed 620Ta and 650Ta by the heating systems for heating the building 2000 / 2100 (e.g., radiators and / or surface heating systems 620, 650 of the building 2000 / 2100) and heat absorbed constantly 610Ta to continuously provide hot water.

[0208] However, the sum of the released and absorbed amounts of heat over a given time range (e.g., one day) results in a relative balance, so that, for example, only exceptionally large amounts of electrical energy E are produced (see, for example, the resulting large amount of electricity generated from wind and solar energy on January 22, 2022 on the time axis of the diagram in FIG. 4a, caused by strong winds on a sunny day in the model calculations), and a large amount of heat 310Ta is generated by conversion using the electrolysis unit 310. The resulting low outside temperatures and thus the demand for heating, especially on cloudy days or at night and when the wind is decreasing, can directly result in the fuel cell 330 having to provide electricity and heat again for the exemplary system 1000 in order to cover the demand for electrical energy and heat (absorbed heat) for heating the building 2000 / 2100 and for preparing hot water.

[0209] Below we describe the period from April onwards, where the amount of heat 700Ta absorbed by the outdoor pool 700 is also shown.

[0210] FIG. 4b shows a continuation of the diagram of FIG. 4a over a time range for the second quarter starting in April of the exemplary year.

[0211] Since sufficient thermal energy is available throughout the summer and the heating season for building 2000 / 2100 ends, thermal energy E can already be captured in April of the year to generate a relatively large amount of heat 700Ta for heating outdoor pool 700 and maintaining the desired temperature of outdoor pool 700. To this end, available electrical energy E in model calculations based on weather data from the exemplary location (Thuringia, Thuringian Basin region) is available to generate heat 310Ta, which is converted in electrolysis unit 310 and thus released due to an excess in exemplary system 1000. Since daylight in April is still relatively short compared to summer, solar power generation is only available for a limited time, and therefore hydrogen storage 320 is re-discharged during the night to make electrical energy E available to the technical system. Thus, fuel cell 330 provides heat 330Ta for generating the required electricity, which also contributes to the required heat 700Ta.

[0212] During the next few months when the outside temperature is higher, less heat (700 Ta) must be absorbed by the outdoor pool to maintain the temperature. This means that the base load and main load of the servers (heat dissipated 210 Ta, 210 Tb) and possibly short-term use of the electrolysis unit 310 and fuel cell 330 (heat dissipated 310 Ta, 330 Ta) at different times can be used to cover the heat absorbed by the consumers 610 Ta, 620 Ta, 650 Ta and 700 Ta, filling the long-term / seasonal heat store 230 with heat that can later be used by delivery via the heat pump 510 during the months when the temperature is relatively low with respect to the outside temperature.

[0213] FIG. 4c shows a continuation of the diagram of FIG. 4b over a time range for the third quarter of the exemplary year, starting in July.

[0214] Of particular note is that in August, the amount of heat absorbed by outdoor pool 700 increased 700 Ta, without a significant increase in the amount of heat released by the heat generators (such as server 210, electrolysis unit 310, or fuel cell 330). This may be due, for example, to the fact that there was an excess amount of energy in exemplary system 1000 and that outdoor pool 700 was used to provide targeted additional energy consumption in order to reduce the total amount of energy in exemplary system 1000. This may be possible, for example, by additionally heating outdoor pool 700. Depending on heat production and consumption, there may be cases where an increase in the amount of heat absorbed by outdoor pool 700 700 Tb is not necessary, and outdoor pool 700 may be heated at a more or less constant heat absorption rate.

[0215] This may also be necessary if, from the end of July, the seasonal / long-term thermal storage 230 is completely filled and can no longer absorb any additional heat, and therefore the excess heat must be released to the environment via the outdoor pool 700.

[0216] FIG. 4d shows a continuation of the diagram of FIG. 4c over a time range for the fourth quarter starting in October of the exemplary year.

[0217] From October onwards, we can see a slight increase in the amount of heat absorbed for heating buildings 2000 / 2100, 620Ta and 650Ta, but this is substantially related to the drop in outside temperatures that occurs at the end of each year, at least in Northern Hemisphere countries, where as time progresses towards the winter months of December-February, the outside temperatures continue to drop and the heat absorption of 620Ta and 650Ta increases significantly.

[0218] As can be seen in FIG. 4d, heat from the seasonal / long-term heat storage 230 is also increasingly being used, and this heat is delivered to the exemplary system 1000 as heat 510Ta that is released via the heat pump 510 and used by the respective consumers 610, 620, 650, and 700, although the outdoor pool 700 is still heated in October.

[0219] Thus, in the model calculations herein, it can still be seen that outdoor pool 700 is heated in October, because the generation of electrical energy from renewable energy sources (e.g., wind 10 or solar energy 20) has already significantly decreased in October, and therefore more electricity is being generated from hydrogen. However, much more heat is emitted in October than is consumed by the entire system 1000, because the outside temperature is not yet low enough that heating buildings 2000 / 2100 results in a corresponding consumption of thermal energy. Therefore, in the model calculations, it is necessary to continue heating outdoor pool 700 to prevent the entire system from overheating.

[0220] In a real-world situation, system 1000 would rely on continuously available temperature measurements, and would heat outdoor pool 700 only while there is actual excess heat in the exemplary system 1000. Only when the excess heat no longer exists, or when a heat deficit occurs in system 1000, would the exemplary system 1000 switch on heat pump 510 to generate additional amounts of thermal energy 510Ta.

[0221] It is only in November that heat demand exceeds heat production and therefore heating of outdoor pool 700 can be abandoned. The additional heat demand is increasingly supplied via heat pump 510, thereby reducing the heat energy in seasonal storage 230.

[0222] As shown by way of example in the diagram of FIG. 4d, if there is a significant decrease in server utilization, a corresponding large amount of heat 510Ta can be transferred to the exemplary system 1000 to release heat in the short term from the seasonal / long-term heat storage 230 to compensate for the "loss" of heat production due to the underutilization of the servers using the heat pump 510.

[0223] Additionally, towards the end of the year, the increased heat 310Ta and 330Ta from the electrolysis unit 310 and fuel cell 330 can be used to provide heat for building 2000 / 2100.

[0224] FIG. 5 a shows a diagram of the charging power (values ​​in the positive area of ​​the power axis represent the absorption of chemical energy C) and the extracted power (values ​​in the negative area of ​​the power axis represent the release of chemical energy C) of the second energy storage unit 320 formed as a hydrogen storage unit 320 of the exemplary system 1000, calculated as an example in a model calculation, over a time range of one year (here, as an example, the year 2022), in kW.

[0225] In particular, it is clear that the charging power and extraction power of the chemical energy content 320Ca of the second energy storage unit 320 decrease during the first two months (January and February) and the last two months (November and December) of the year.

[0226] The reduction in charging and extracting power of chemical energy amount 320Ca occurs especially during the cooler months of the year due to the fact that, especially during the warmer and therefore more intense months of the year, significantly more excess electrical energy E is generated by the renewable energy sources, in particular by the solar energy 20 or the photovoltaic power generation unit 120, which is converted into chemical energy C for advantageous storage, for example by the electrolysis unit 310, and delivered to the second energy store 320 for storage. In addition, cheaper electricity available from the public grid 40 can also be used to charge the second energy store 320.

[0227] In total, this partly led to a storage or charging power of more than 30 kW in the second energy store 320, and an increase in the charging level of the second store 320, especially from July onwards (see also FIG. 5b), since during this period the peak power output of the chemical energy amount 320Ca from the second energy store 320 was always higher (possibly up to 24 kW), but still significantly lower than the charging power mentioned above. This always high extraction performance can be attributed to the fact that, for example, the conversion of chemical energy C to thermal energy T by the fuel cell 330 was additionally used during this period to heat the outdoor pool 700.

[0228] The filling power will fall below the extracted power of the second energy store 320 only from about September onwards, which leads to a decrease in the filling level of the second energy store 320 from September onwards (see also Figure 5b). The decrease in the filling power in this period can be due to the fact that, for example, electric energy E has to be increasingly used to additionally provide / generate thermal energy T for heating the building 2000 / 2100, for example by operating servers / value-adding machines and systems as mains-load-dependent heat generators (mains-load-dependent first energy converter 210) or by switching on the heat pump 510 (see also Figure 4d, from about September onwards).

[0229] Since November of this year, the extraction rate of chemical energy 320Ca has also decreased significantly, which can be attributed to the fact that there is less electricity, for example from renewable sources, and therefore less chemical energy C (here hydrogen) produced in the electrolyzer 310 and stored in the second energy store 320. Therefore, the store 320 is often empty (without the absorption of electricity from the public power grid) (see also Figure 5b, from November). Only when the store 320 is not empty, it may be possible to make electricity available on demand by using waste heat.

[0230] FIG. 5b shows a diagram of the fill level, in %, of the second energy storage unit 320 (the exemplary hydrogen storage unit 320) of the exemplary system 1000 calculated in a model calculation over a time range of one year (here, as an example, the year 2022).

[0231] As already partially described in Figure 5a, a significant increase in the filling level of the second storage 320 (hydrogen storage 320) has occurred since July, as the charging power has consistently exceeded the extraction power of the second storage 320, as also shown in Figure 5a.

[0232] From about September onwards, the charging power falls below the extracted power of the second energy store 320, which therefore causes the charging level of the second energy store 320 to drop significantly, possibly within a short period of time (see also Figure 5a).

[0233] FIG. 6 a shows a diagram of the charging power (values ​​in the positive area of ​​the power axis represent the amount of electrical energy E taken in) and the extracted power (values ​​in the negative area of ​​the power axis represent the amount of electrical energy E released) in kW of the third energy storage unit 130, illustratively formed as a vanadium redox flow battery 130, of the exemplary system 1000, calculated as an example in a model calculation over a time range of one year (here, the year 2022 as an example).

[0234] When observed in particular in conjunction with Figure 6b, it becomes clear that the third energy store 130 is primarily used as a kind of compensation store for short-term storage and short-term delivery / provision of an amount of electrical energy 130Ea, which results in a highly variable fill level (see Figure 6b), with the same amount of energy 130Ea being stored and also re-released in the third energy store 130 within a short period of time (e.g., several days). "Storing" electrical energy E for a relatively long period of time is, for example, only a secondary objective here.

[0235] It can also be seen that, especially in the colder months of the year (January and February, and November and December), significantly less energy quantity 130Ea is stored in and re-released from the third energy store 130. This is due to increased use of the available electrical energy E, for example for heating the buildings 2000 / 2100, and therefore, as is very often the case during this time range, there is hardly any available excess electrical energy E that can be directly stored as electrical energy quantity 130Ea.

[0236] The absence of storage (filling) and extraction (removal) processes and the drop in the filling level of the third storage unit 130 to essentially 0% within the mid-April time frame of this year can be attributed to, for example, the fact that, with the utilization of the server (the main load-dependent first energy converter 210) always high to generate thermal energy amount 210Ta / b within this time frame of FIG. 4a, the use of the electrolyzer 310 to generate thermal energy T (thermal energy amount 310Ta) has significantly increased, and therefore, any excess electrical energy E to be stored in the third energy storage unit 130 is not or hardly available within this time frame.

[0237] FIG. 6b shows a diagram of the filling level in % of the third energy storage unit 130 (the exemplary vanadium redox flow battery 130) of the exemplary system 1000 over a time range of one year (here, as an example, the year 2022), where the filling level was correlated with the filling and extraction processes according to FIG. 6a.

[0238] FIG. 7a shows a diagram of the charge power (values ​​in the positive area of ​​the power axis represent the absorption of thermal energy T) and the extracted power (values ​​in the negative area of ​​the power axis represent the release of thermal energy T) of the long-term thermal storage unit 230 of the exemplary system 1000, calculated as an example in a model calculation, over a time range of one year (here, 2022 as an example).

[0239] In particular, during the cooler months (January and February, and October through December), substantially 230Ta of thermal energy is simply removed from the long-term thermal storage section 230, and as the warmer months begin (from about June through mid / end September), this reverses and substantially 230Ta of thermal energy is simply charged / stored within the long-term thermal storage section 230.

[0240] Specifically, a heat pump 510 is used to extract thermal energy T from long-term thermal storage 230, and by consuming additional electrical energy E, a quantity of thermal energy 510Ta is generated based on the thermal energy T provided by the storage, and this quantity of thermal energy 510Ta is delivered to exemplary system 1000. Thus, the extraction process from long-term thermal storage 230 correlates with the heat dissipation of the quantity of thermal energy 510Ta that occurs in Figures 4a-4d.

[0241] The excess thermal energy T in the exemplary system 1000 is used to charge / store the long-term thermal storage 230, as can be seen particularly in the period from June to mid-September in FIGS. 4a-4d. Because no removal / extraction of thermal energy T from the long-term thermal storage 230 is occurring, the fill level of the long-term thermal storage 230 increases correspondingly quickly (see FIG. 7b). The fill level of the long-term thermal storage 230 can exceed 100% (e.g., about 110%), which can occur, for example, when the long-term thermal storage 230 is designed as an earth-coupled heat storage and has a temperature above 25° C., which is considered a 100% fill level. However, if, for example, the long-term thermal storage unit 230 is significantly overheated, it is generally recommended to cool the storage unit 230 or the system 1000 by charging the fifth energy storage unit 240 (chemical thermal storage unit 240) with thermal energy T or by emergency cooling via the outdoor pool 700.

[0242] Only with the onset of the colder months does the fill level of the long-term thermal store 230 decrease, possibly rapidly (compare FIG. 7b).

[0243] During the period from about March to the end of May, only one-off charging and extracting processes of thermal energy T are carried out in the long-term thermal storage 230. This is due to the fact that, for example, during this time range, initially there is no excess heat (thermal energy T) in the exemplary system 1000, and if there is a slight shortage, waste heat from the electrolyzer 310 or fuel cell 330 is first used to generate additional heat (see, for example, Figures 4a and 4b).

[0244] Figure 7b shows a diagram of the filling level in % of the long-term thermal storage 230 (exemplarily designed as a soil-bound thermal storage) of the exemplary system 1000 over a time range of one year (here, as an example, the year 2022), where the filling level is correlated with the filling and extraction processes according to Figure 7a.

[0245] As already mentioned in FIG. 7a, especially during the warmer months (June to mid-September), an amount of thermal energy 230Ta is stored in the long-term thermal storage unit 230, and therefore the filling level increases continuously, while during the cooler months (January and February, and October to December), the filling level decreases, sometimes rapidly.

[0246] FIG. 8 a illustrates an exemplary method for controlling an exemplary system 1000 for continuous demand-based energy supply to a building 2000 / 2100 using a control unit 900 .

[0247] At this point, it should be noted that the steps of the exemplary methods described below, and in particular the reference numbers used herein with respect to the individual steps, are not intended to suggest or represent any ordering of the individual steps. Rather, by way of example, in the exemplary methods, steps having lower reference numbers may be performed after steps having higher reference numbers, and vice versa.

[0248] In the method described as an example, step S101 first includes providing an amount of energy of a first form of energy by the first energy supply module 100, and step S102 includes converting a portion of the amount of energy of the first form of energy into a second form of energy different from the first form of energy, depending on the primary load, by a primary load-dependent first energy converter 210 (e.g., a server, a machine tool, etc.) of the first energy converter module 200.

[0249] In step S103, a demand-based energy amount of a first form of energy (e.g., electrical energy E) and / or a demand-based energy amount of a second form of energy (e.g., thermal energy T) is consumed by at least one consumer of the consumer modules 600, 800 of the building 2000 / 2100, and if the energy amount of the first form of energy provided by the first energy supply module 100 is greater than the demand-based energy amounts of the first form of energy and the second form of energy consumed by the consumer modules 600, 800, a substantial excess energy amount of the second form of energy is stored in the first energy storage unit 220 / 230 of the first energy converter module 200 with a delay or simultaneously. In step S104, A substantial excess amount of energy is stored, and in step S105, the substantial excess amount of the first form of energy is converted by the second energy converter 310 of the second energy converter module 300 into a third form of energy (e.g., chemical energy C) different from the first form of energy and the second form of energy, wherein while converting the substantial excess amount of the first form of energy into energy of the third form, a portion of the substantial excess amount of the first form of energy is simultaneously converted into energy of the second form and supplied to the first energy storage unit 220 / 230 for storage, and in step S106, the amount of the third form of energy is stored in the second energy storage unit 320 of the second energy converter module 300.

[0250] Additionally or alternatively, if the amount of energy of the first form of energy provided by the first energy supply module 100 is less than the demand-based amounts of energy of the first form and energy of the second form consumed by the consumer modules 600, 800, then, in step S107, with a delay or simultaneously, release the amount of energy stored in the first energy storage 220 / 230 for storing energy of the second form for consumption by the consumer modules 600 / 800, and in step S108, release the amount of energy stored in the second energy storage 320 for storing energy of the third form. and in step S109, converting the amount of energy released by the second energy storage unit 320 for storing energy in the third form into an energy amount of energy in the first form by the third energy converter 330 for consumption in the consumer module 600 / 800, wherein when converting the energy amount of energy in the third form released by the second energy storage unit 320 into energy in the first form, a part of the energy release amount of energy in the third form is simultaneously converted into energy in the second form and delivered to the consumer module 600 / 800 for consumption.

[0251] FIG. 8b illustrates an exemplary method for controlling the exemplary system 1000 for continuous demand-based energy supply to a building 2000 / 2100 using a control unit 900, which may be used in addition to or instead of the exemplary method as shown and described in FIG. 8a.

[0252] Further, the exemplary method may have a step S110 comprising generating an energy amount of a first form of energy by a first energy generator 110 / 120 of the first energy supply module 100, the energy amount of the first form of energy being dependent on at least a first discontinuous energy source 10 / 20, in particular a renewable energy source such as solar energy 20 and / or wind energy 10.

[0253] Additionally, the exemplary method may include, if the amount of energy of the first form of energy provided by the first energy supply module 100 is greater than the amount of energy of the first form and the second form of energy consumed by the consumer module 600 / 800, delaying or simultaneously storing a portion of the substantial excess amount of the first form of energy in the third energy storage 130 of the first energy supply module 100 in step S111, storing a substantial excess amount of the second form of energy in the first energy storage 220 / 230 of the first energy converter module 200 in step S112, and It is possible to convert another portion of the substantial excess energy amount of the first form of energy into energy of a third form by the second energy converter 310 of the second energy converter module 300, wherein when converting the other portion of the substantial excess energy amount of the first form of energy into energy of the third form, a portion of the other portion of the substantial excess energy amount of the first form of energy is simultaneously converted into energy of a second form and supplied to the first energy storage unit 220 / 230 for storage, and in step S114, store the amount of the energy of the third form of energy in the second energy storage unit 320 of the second energy converter module 300.

[0254] Additionally or alternatively, if the amount of energy of the first form of energy provided by the first energy supply module 100 is less than the amount of energy of the first form and the energy of the second form consumed by the consumer module 600 / 800, then, with a delay or simultaneously, in step S115, releasing the amount of energy stored in the third energy storage unit 130 for storing the energy of the first form for consumption by the consumer module 600 / 800, in step S116, releasing the amount of energy stored in the first energy storage unit 220 / 230 for storing the energy of the second form for consumption by the consumer module 600 / 800, and in step S117, The method can include discharging the amount of energy stored in the second energy storage unit 320 for storing energy in a third form to the third energy converter 330, and converting, in step S118, the amount of energy discharged by the second energy storage unit 320 for storing energy in the third form into an amount of energy in the first form by the third energy converter 330 for consumption in the consumer module 600 / 800, wherein when converting the amount of energy in the third form discharged by the second energy storage unit 320 into energy in the first form, a portion of the energy discharged amount of energy in the third form is simultaneously converted into energy in the second form and supplied to the consumer module 600 / 800 for consumption.

[0255] Furthermore, the exemplary method can be modified so that the storing of the excess amounts of energy of different forms of energy in the energy storage unit, the releasing of the amounts of energy of different forms of energy stored in the energy storage unit, and the converting of the excess amounts or released amounts of energy of different forms of energy are performed in a sequence controlled by the control unit 900, wherein the control unit 900 is configured to determine the sequence depending on the primary load of the primary load-dependent first energy converter 210 (e.g., performing arithmetic operations on a server / computing unit, machining a workpiece on a machine tool, etc.) and the demand of the consumer module 600 / 800 to control the amount of energy of the first form of energy and the amount of energy of the second form of energy.

[0256] Additionally, the exemplary method can be modified so that the first energy storage unit 220 / 230 includes a short-term storage unit 220 for storing an amount of energy of the second form of energy in the short term and a long-term storage unit 230 for storing an amount of energy of the second form of energy in the medium to long term, in which case the control unit 900 is configured to control the storage of the amount of energy of the second form of energy in the first energy storage unit 220 / 230 such that primarily the amount of energy is stored in the short-term storage unit 220 and secondarily the amount of energy of the second form of energy is stored in the long-term storage unit 230.

[0257] Additionally, the exemplary method may include, in step S119, generating an energy amount of energy in a third form by a second energy generator 410 of the second energy supply module 400, wherein the generation of the energy amount of energy in the third form by the second energy generator 410 is dependent on a second energy source 30 different from at least one of the first energy sources 10, 20, 40; in step S120, converting the energy generation amount of the third form of energy by a fourth energy converter 420 of the second energy supply module 400 into energy in a second form; and in step S121, storing the energy amount of energy in the second form in a fourth energy storage 430 of the second energy supply module 400, wherein the control unit 900 is configured to control the generation, conversion, and storage of the energy amount by the second energy supply module 400 depending on the energy demand of the consumer module 600 / 800 and the availability of the second energy source 30.

[0258] Additionally, the exemplary method may include, in step S122, when the energy storage unit for storing the second form of energy does not substantially have the capacity for the additional amount of energy of the second form of energy, consuming the excess amount of energy of the second form of energy by an additional consumer 700 different from at least one consumer of the consumer modules 600 / 800 of the building 2000 / 2100 in order to reduce the total amount of energy in the exemplary system 1000, in particular the amount of energy of the second form of energy.

[0259] Similar to the exemplary system 1000, the exemplary method can be modified such that the first form of energy is electrical energy E, the second form of energy is thermal energy T, and the third form of energy is chemical energy C.

[0260] Further, the exemplary method may include, in step S123, allowing or stopping the supply of electrical energy from the public power grid 40 to the exemplary system 1000 via a connection from the exemplary system 1000 to the public power grid 40, or, in step S124, allowing or stopping the transmission of electrical energy from the exemplary system 1000 to the public power grid 40 via a connection from the exemplary system 1000 to the public power grid 40.

[0261] It should be noted that above, examples or exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure and technical advantages are only described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. The present disclosure is in no way limited or restricted to the exemplary embodiments and their features or described combinations described above, and further includes modifications of the exemplary embodiments, in particular those achieved by modifying the features of the described examples or by combining or partially combining one or more of the features of the described examples, within the scope of protection of the independent claims. [Explanation of symbols]

[0262] 10 Primary Energy Source / Wind 20 Primary Energy Source / Solar Radiation / Solar Energy 30 Secondary Energy Sources / Wood / Biomass 40 Energy Suppliers / Public Power Grid 45 Energy Suppliers / Natural Gas Suppliers 50 Computing Power Demand 100 first energy supply module 110 First Energy Generator / Wind Turbine 120 Primary Energy Generator / Solar Power Unit 130 Third energy storage unit / electrical energy storage unit 200 First energy converter module 210 First (primary load dependent) energy converter / computing unit 220 First Energy Storage Unit / Short-Term Heat Storage Unit 230 Primary Energy Storage / Long-Term Heat Storage 240 5th Energy Storage Unit / Chemical Heat Storage Unit 300 Second Energy Converter Module 310 Second Energy Converter / Electrolysis Unit 320 Secondary Energy Storage Unit / Chemical Storage Unit / Hydrogen Storage Unit 330 Third Energy Converter / Fuel Cell / Combined Heat and Power Plant 340 Reversible fuel cell 400 Second Energy Supply Module 410 Secondary Energy Generator / Wood Gasifier 420 Fourth Energy Converter / Wood Gas Burner 430 Fourth Energy Storage Unit 500 additional heating modules 510 Heat Pump 520 Heat Cartridge 600 (heat) consumer module 610 Consumers / Drinking water consumers 620 Consumers / Radiators / Surface Heating Systems 630 Heat exchanger 640 Thermal Network 650 Consumer / Surface Heating System 700 additional consumers / outdoor pool 800 (electricity) consumer module 810 Normal power demand 820 Wallbox 830 Wallbox 900 Control Unit 1000 systems 2000 buildings 2100 Annex E Electrical energy T heat energy C. Chemical Energy

Claims

1. 1. A system for continuous demand-based energy supply to a building, comprising: The system comprises: a first energy supply module for providing an amount of energy of a first form of energy; a first energy converter module comprising a primary load dependent first energy converter for converting a portion of an energy supply quantity of the first form of energy into a second form of energy different from the energy of the first form in dependence on the primary load, and a first energy store for storing an energy quantity of the energy of the second form; a consumer module comprising at least one consumer of the building for consuming a demand-dependent amount of energy of the first form of energy and / or a demand-dependent amount of energy of the second form of energy; a control unit for controlling each module of the system; wherein the system comprises: a second energy converter module having a second energy converter for converting another portion of the amount of energy of the first form into energy of a third form different from the energy of the first form and the energy of the second form, wherein when converting the another portion of the amount of energy of the first form into energy of the third form, a portion of the another portion of the amount of energy of the first form is simultaneously converted into energy of the second form; a second energy store for storing an energy quantity of said third form of energy; a third energy converter for converting an energy store of energy in the third form into energy in the first form, wherein when converting the energy store of energy in the third form into energy in the first form, a portion of the energy store of energy in the third form is simultaneously converted into energy in the second form; The system further includes:

2. the first energy supply module comprises a first energy generator for generating an amount of energy of the first form of energy, the amount of energy generated of the first form of energy being dependent on at least a first discontinuous energy source, in particular a renewable energy source such as solar energy and / or wind energy; The system of claim 1 .

3. the first energy supply module having a third energy store for storing an amount of energy of the first form of energy; 3. The system according to claim 1 or 2.

4. the first energy converter module has a fifth energy storage unit configured to convert an amount of energy of the second form into an amount of energy of the third form and store the converted amount of energy, and the fifth energy storage unit is configured to convert the stored amount of energy of the third form back into an amount of energy of the second form. A system according to any one of claims 1 to 3.

5. storing an excess amount of energy in different forms of energy in an energy storage unit, discharging the amount of energy in different forms of energy stored in the energy storage unit, and converting the excess amount of energy or the discharged amount of energy in different forms of energy in a sequence controlled by the control unit; the control unit is configured to control the sequence depending on a primary load of the primary load-dependent first energy converter and a demand of the consumer module for an amount of energy of the first form of energy and an amount of energy of the second form of energy. A system according to any one of claims 1 to 4.

6. the first energy storage unit includes a short-term storage unit for storing an amount of the energy in the second form in the short term, and a long-term storage unit for storing an amount of the energy in the second form in the medium to long term; A system according to any one of claims 1 to 5.

7. the short-term storage and the long-term storage are directly operatively connected to one another such that an amount of energy of the second form of energy can be exchanged between the short-term storage and the long-term storage. The system of claim 6.

8. the control unit is further configured to control the storage of the energy quantity of the second form of energy in the first energy storage such that the energy quantity is stored primarily in the short-term storage and secondarily in the long-term storage.

8. The system according to claim 6 or 7.

9. the second energy converter for converting the energy of the first form into the energy of the third form and the third energy converter for converting the energy of the third form into the energy of the first form of energy of the second energy converter module are an assembly configured to perform a process of converting the energy of the third form into the energy of the first form as a reversible process of the process of converting the energy of the first form into the energy of the third form; A system according to any one of claims 1 to 8.

10. the system further includes a second energy supply module having a second energy generator for generating the third form of energy, wherein generation of an amount of the third form of energy by the second energy generator is dependent on at least one second energy source different from the first energy source; the second energy supply module further comprising a fourth energy converter for converting the third form of energy into the second form of energy; A system according to any one of claims 1 to 9.

11. the second energy supply module having a fourth energy store for storing the second form of energy; the fourth energy store for storing the energy in the second form is not in any direct operative connection or is directly operatively connected to the first energy store for storing the energy in the second form for exchanging energy quantities of the energy in the second form; The system of claim 10.

12. the system further includes an additional consumer different from the at least one consumer of the consumer module of the building for consuming an amount of energy of the second form of energy; the control unit is configured to control the additional consumer such that an excess amount of energy of the second form of energy is supplied to the additional consumer for consumption in order to reduce the total amount of energy in the system, in particular the amount of energy of the second form of energy, when the energy store used for storing the energy of the second form substantially no longer has any capacity for an additional amount of energy of the second form of energy. A system according to any one of claims 1 to 11.

13. the first form of energy is electrical energy; the second form of energy is thermal energy; the third form of energy is chemical energy; A system according to any one of claims 1 to 12.

14. the second energy converter is an electrolytic cell configured to convert an amount of electrical energy into an amount of chemical energy; 14. The system of claims 1 and 13.

15. the third energy converter is a fuel cell configured to convert an amount of chemical energy into an amount of electrical energy; 14. The system of claims 1 and 13.

16. the third energy converter is a combined heat and power plant configured to convert a quantity of chemical energy into a quantity of electrical energy and / or a quantity of thermal energy; 14. The system of claims 1 and 13.

17. The assembly comprises: A reversible fuel cell is capable of converting an amount of electrical energy into an amount of chemical energy in a process, and of carrying out the process in reverse from chemical energy to electrical energy.

14. The system of claims 9 and 13.

18. the system also has a connection to a public power grid; the control unit is configured to allow or stop the supply of electrical energy from the public power grid to the system, and to allow or stop the delivery of electrical energy from the system to the public power grid. The system of claim 13.

19. the system includes a heat pump that increases the amount of thermal energy in the system by reversing a heat-to-power process, the heat pump using thermal energy stored in the long-term storage of the first energy storage. The system of claims 6 and 13.

20. the long-term storage of the first energy storage unit is a seasonal heat storage unit, in particular a soil tank type heat storage unit; The system of claims 6 and 13.

21. the first energy converter is a computing unit, the computing unit performs a computer operation as a primary load, and converts primary load-dependent electrical energy into thermal energy by performing the computer operation; The system of claim 1 .

22. the second energy generator of the second energy supply module is a wood gasification boiler and the fourth energy converter is a wood gas burner; The wood gasification boiler and the wood gas burner are an assembly. The system of claims 10 and 13.

23. The third energy storage unit for storing the electrical energy is a vanadium redox flow battery or a lithium ion battery. The system of claims 3 and 13.

24. 24. A method for controlling a system for continuous demand-based energy supply to a building using a control unit, in particular a system according to any one of claims 1 to 23, said method comprising: - providing an amount of energy of a first form of energy by a first energy supply module; - converting a portion of the energy amount of the first form of energy by a primary load dependent first energy converter of a first energy converter module into a second form of energy different from the first form of energy in a primary load dependent manner; - consuming a demand-based amount of the first form of energy and / or a demand-based amount of the second form of energy by at least one consumer of a consumer module of the building; Including, if the amount of energy of the first form of energy provided by the first energy supply module is greater than the demand-based amount of energy of the first form and the second form of energy consumed by the consumer module, with a delay or simultaneously; storing a substantial excess of the second form of energy in a first energy storage of the first energy converter module; converting a substantial excess amount of the first form of energy by a second energy converter of a second energy converter module into a third form of energy different from the first form of energy and the second form of energy, wherein while converting the substantial excess amount of the first form of energy into the third form of energy, a portion of the substantial excess amount of the first form of energy is simultaneously converted into the second form of energy and provided to the first energy store for storage; storing an amount of energy of the third form in a second energy storage of the second energy converter module; is carried out and / or if the amount of energy of the first form of energy provided by the first energy supply module is less than the demand-based amount of energy of the first form and the second form of energy consumed by the consumer module, with a delay or simultaneously; - releasing an amount of energy stored in the first energy store for storing energy in the second form for consumption in the consumer module; - discharging the amount of energy stored in the second energy store for storing the third form of energy to a third energy converter; converting by the third energy converter an amount of energy released by the second energy store for storing the energy in the third form into an amount of energy in the first form for consumption in the consumer module, wherein when converting the amount of energy in the third form released by the second energy store into energy in the first form, a part of the amount of energy released in the third form is simultaneously converted into energy in the second form and delivered to the consumer module for consumption; The method is carried out.

25. The method comprises: generating an amount of energy of a first form of energy by a first energy generator of the first energy supply module, the amount of energy generated of the first form of energy being dependent on at least a first discontinuous energy source, in particular a renewable energy source such as solar energy and / or wind energy; Including, 25. The method of claim 24.

26. with a delay or simultaneously if the amount of energy of the first form of energy provided by the first energy supply module is greater than the amount of energy of the first form and the second form of energy consumed by the consumer module; storing a portion of the substantial energy surplus of the first form of energy in a third energy store of the first energy supply module; storing a substantial excess of the second form of energy in the first energy storage of the first energy converter module; converting another portion of the substantial energy excess of the first form of energy by the second energy converter module into the third form of energy, wherein in converting the other portion of the substantial energy excess of the first form of energy into the third form of energy, a portion of the other portion of the substantial energy excess of the first form of energy is simultaneously converted into the second form of energy and delivered to the first energy storage for storage; storing an amount of energy of the third form in the second energy storage of the second energy converter module; is carried out and / or with a delay or simultaneously if the amount of energy of the first form of energy provided by the first energy supply module is less than the amount of energy of the first form of energy and the amount of energy of the second form of energy consumed by the consumer module; - releasing the amount of energy stored in the third energy store for storing energy in the first form for consumption in the consumer module; - releasing an amount of energy stored in the first energy store for storing energy in the second form for consumption in the consumer module; - releasing an amount of energy stored in the second energy store for storing energy in the third form to the third energy converter; converting by the third energy converter an amount of energy released by the second energy storage device for storing the energy in the third form into an amount of energy in the first form for consumption in the consumer module, wherein when converting the amount of energy in the third form released by the second energy storage device into energy in the first form, a portion of the energy release amount of energy in the third form is simultaneously converted into energy in the second form and delivered to the consumer module for consumption; will be carried out, 26. The method of claim 24 or 25.

27. storing the excess amount of energy in the different forms of energy in the energy storage unit, discharging the amount of energy in the different forms of energy stored in the energy storage unit, and converting the excess amount of energy or the discharged amount of energy in the different forms of energy in a sequence controlled by a control unit; the control unit is configured to control the sequence depending on a primary load of the primary load-dependent first energy converter and a demand of the consumer module for an amount of energy of the first form of energy and an amount of energy of the second form of energy.

27. The method of any one of claims 24 to 26.

28. the first energy storage unit includes a short-term storage unit for storing an amount of the energy in the second form in the short term, and a long-term storage unit for storing an amount of the energy in the second form in the medium to long term; the control unit is further configured to control the storage of the energy quantity of the second form of energy in the first energy storage such that the energy quantity is stored primarily in the short-term storage and secondarily in the long-term storage.

28. The method of any one of claims 24 to 27.

29. The method comprises: generating the amount of energy of the third form of energy by a second energy generator of a second energy supply module, wherein the generating of the amount of energy of the third form of energy by the second energy generator is dependent on at least one second energy source different from the first energy source; - converting the energy output of the third form of energy into the second form of energy by a fourth energy converter of the second energy supply module; storing an amount of energy of the second form of energy in a fourth energy store of the second energy supply module; Including, the control unit is configured to generate, convert and store an amount of energy by the second energy supply module depending on the energy demand of the consumer module and the availability of the second energy source; 29. The method of any one of claims 24 to 28.

30. The method comprises: Consuming an excess amount of energy of the second form of energy by an additional consumer different from the at least one consumer of the consumer module of the building in order to reduce the total amount of energy in the system, in particular the amount of energy of the second form of energy, when the energy store for storing the energy of the second form substantially no longer has any capacity for the additional amount of energy of the second form of energy. Including, 30. The method of any one of claims 24 to 29.

31. the first form of energy is electrical energy; the second form of energy is thermal energy; the third form of energy is chemical energy; 31. The method of any one of claims 24 to 30.

32. The method comprises: - allowing or suspending the supply of electrical energy from the public power grid to the system via a connection from the system to the public power grid; or Allowing or suspending the delivery of electrical energy from the system to the public power grid via a connection from the system to the public power grid. Including, 32. The method of claim 31.

33. 34. A control unit for controlling a system for a continuous demand-based energy supply to a building according to any one of claims 1 to 23, said control unit being further configured to implement a method for controlling a system for a continuous demand-based energy supply to a building according to any one of claims 24 to 32.

34. 34. A computer program product having a computer program stored on a computer-readable data storage medium, the computer program being executable on a control unit according to claim 33 or in a computer connected to a control unit and configured to control a method according to any one of claims 24 to 32.

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