Performance and prescription of standardized isovelocity strength training

Abstract

An embodiment of the present disclosure relates to an exercise machine computer system for maximizing muscle recruitment through performance-based concentric and eccentric training, the system including a communications interface, at least one processor operably coupled to the communications interface, and at least one computer-readable memory having a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium configured to store instructions that, when executed by the processor, are configured to: establish a machine setup on the exercise machine consistent with joint angle criteria for dynamic isokinetic resistance exercises on the exercise machine; establish machine positions on the exercise machine for predetermined joint angle positions during isometric force production assessment exercises performed on the exercise machine; calculate maximum isometric efforts at predetermined joint angles for one or more exercises performed on the exercise machine; and calculate a baseline resistance level for at least one protocol.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] Priority claim This application claims priority to and the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 407,691, entitled "NORMALIZED ISOKINETIC STRENGTH TRAINING PERFORMANCE AND PRESCRIPTION," filed with the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office on September 18, 2022, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference for all applicable purposes as if fully set forth in their entirety below.

[0002] The present invention relates to measuring strength performance, including the strength and endurance produced during the completion of exercise sets that maximize muscle recruitment through performance-based concentric and eccentric training. [Background technology]

[0003] In the fitness industry, isometric assessment refers to the evaluation of strength and endurance through isometric exercise. Isometric exercise is a type of strength training in which muscles contract without changing length, resulting in no visible movement of the joints. Instead, muscles exert force against an immovable object or resist an opposing force.

[0004] To assess an individual's isometric strength and endurance, a specific exercise or set of exercises is selected for each muscle group being evaluated. Common isometric exercises include wall sits, planks, and static holds using resistance bands or machines. In an isometric exercise, participants exert maximal force against an immovable object, such as pushing against a wall or holding a position against resistance. The amount of force produced by muscles is measured using specialized equipment such as a dynamometer or force plate. Alternatively, trainers can measure perceived effort and fatigue using subjective measures such as the Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE).

[0005] Typically, individuals hold isometric positions for a specific amount of time (often measured in seconds or minutes). Duration varies depending on the purpose of the assessment, with longer holds assessing endurance and shorter holds assessing maximal strength. Multiple repetitions of an isometric exercise may be performed with short rest intervals between them to assess muscular endurance. Total time under tension may also be recorded.

[0006] Data collected during an isometric assessment includes maximal force, duration, and subjective assessment of discomfort and fatigue. This information helps trainers and fitness professionals tailor exercise programs to individual needs. The collected data is analyzed to assess the participant's strength and endurance. Comparison with normative data and previous assessments can track progress over time. Based on the assessment results, fitness professionals can design an individualized workout program to target specific muscle groups or weaknesses. If necessary, isometric exercises can be incorporated into training to improve strength and endurance.

[0007] Isometric assessment has several benefits: It provides objective data on an individual's strength and endurance, allowing for a more accurate understanding of fitness level. The results of an isometric assessment can help design a customized training program to address specific weaknesses or imbalances in muscle groups. Regular assessments allow you to track your progress over time, motivating you to continue your fitness journey. Identifying muscle weaknesses and imbalances allows you to address potential problem areas through targeted exercises and prevent injury.

[0008] Overall, isometric assessment is a valuable tool in the fitness industry for assessing and improving strength and endurance, ultimately helping individuals achieve their fitness goals in a safe and effective way. Summary of the Invention

[0009] The following presents a simplified summary of one or more aspects of the present disclosure to provide a basic understanding of such aspects. This summary is not an exhaustive overview of all possible features of the present disclosure. It is not intended to identify key elements of all aspects of the present disclosure or to delineate the scope of any or all aspects of the present disclosure. Its sole purpose is to present some concepts of one or more aspects of the present disclosure in a simplified form as a prelude to the more detailed description that is presented below.

[0010] As an example, a computer system for an exercise machine for maximizing muscle recruitment through performance-based concentric and eccentric training is provided. The computer system includes a communications interface, at least one processor operably connected to the communications interface, and at least one computer-readable memory configured to communicate with the at least one processor, the computer-readable memory having a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium configured to store instructions. When executed by the at least one processor, the stored instructions are configured to: establish a machine setup on the exercise machine that matches joint angle criteria for dynamic constant velocity resistance exercises on the exercise machine; establish machine positions on the exercise machine for predetermined joint angle positions during isometric force production assessment exercises performed on the exercise machine; calculate maximum isometric efforts at predetermined joint angles for one or more exercises performed on the exercise machine; and calculate a baseline resistance level for at least one protocol.

[0011] According to one aspect, the baseline resistance level is calculated using a combination of data obtained from an isometric assessment and the user's performance of an exercise set on an exercise machine.

[0012] According to another aspect, the data includes exercises performed, range of motion, repetition duration, set duration, number of repetitions, number of sets, repetition tempo, total effort, average effort, peak centripetal force, average centripetal force, peak eccentric force, average eccentric force.

[0013] According to yet another aspect, at least one protocol includes one or more well-defined defined variables.

[0014] According to yet another embodiment, the one or more defined variables include load time, exercise velocity, concentric load, and eccentric load.

[0015] According to yet another aspect, the at least one processor is further configured to normalize the user performance data to provide an accurate analysis of the user's current intensity level so that user performance can be compared between different protocols.

[0016] According to yet another aspect, the at least one processor is further configured to display a visual target on the display screen, the visual target providing real-time feedback to the user.

[0017] According to yet another aspect, the visual target is a resistance curve that biomechanically matches each of the user's movements based on a standardized range of motion used to maximize the safety and effectiveness of each movement.

[0018] According to yet another aspect, the at least one processor is further configured to convert the total effort recorded for the baseline dynamic exercise set performed on the exercise machine into a value that is a predicted isometric maximum test value.

[0019] According to yet another aspect, the at least one processor is further configured to normalize the total effort recorded for the at least one protocol performed on the exercise machine using the predicted isometric maximum test value.

[0020] According to yet another aspect, the at least one processor is further configured to display a normalized total effort recorded for the at least one protocol performed on the exercise machine.

[0021] According to another embodiment, a method for maximizing muscle recruitment through performance-based concentric and eccentric training is provided, comprising the steps of establishing a machine setup on an exercise machine consistent with joint angle criteria for dynamic isokinetic resistance exercises on the exercise machine, establishing machine positions on the exercise machine for predetermined joint angle locations during isometric force production assessment exercises performed on the exercise machine, calculating maximum isometric efforts at the predetermined joint angles for one or more exercises performed on the exercise machine, and calculating a baseline resistance level for at least one protocol.

[0022] According to one aspect, the baseline resistance level is calculated using a combination of data obtained from an isometric assessment and the user's performance of an exercise set on an exercise machine.

[0023] According to another embodiment, at least one protocol includes one or more different prescribed variables, the one or more different prescribed variables including load time, exercise velocity, concentric load, and efferent load.

[0024] According to yet another aspect, the method further includes normalizing the user performance data to accurately analyze the user's current strength level and allow comparison of user performance across different protocols; displaying visual targets on the display screen that provide real-time feedback to the user; and converting the total effort recorded for the baseline dynamic exercise set performed on the exercise machine into a value that is a predicted isometric maximum test value. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0025] The features, nature, and advantages of the present embodiments will become more apparent from the detailed description set forth below when considered in conjunction with the drawings in which like characters identify correspondingly throughout. [Figure 1]FIG. 1 illustrates a plurality of exercise machines connected to a server via a communications network. [Figure 2] FIG. 2 illustrates an individual utilizing a leg press machine according to one embodiment. [Figure 3] FIG. 3 illustrates a display screen showing the force being applied by an individual in real time compared to a visual target. [Figure 4] FIG. 4 is a display screen showing different protocols that can be selected for any movement or exercise, according to one embodiment. [Figure 5] FIG. 5 is a display screen showing an exercise performance review for exercise-based targeting when an exercise set is completed, according to one embodiment. [Figure 6] FIG. 6 is a display screen showing how a user / individual performed on various protocols in terms of common metrics, common analysis, according to one embodiment. [Figure 7] FIG. 7 is a block diagram of an exemplary hardware implementation of an exercise machine that includes embodiments of the disclosed systems and methods. [Figure 8] FIG. 8 is a flow diagram for implementing normalized constant velocity strength training performance and prescription, according to one embodiment. [Figure 9] FIG. 9 is a flow diagram for implementing normalized constant velocity strength training performance and prescription, according to one embodiment. [Figure 10] 10A and 10B are flow diagrams for implementing normalized constant velocity strength training performance and prescription according to one embodiment. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0026] In the following description, specific details are provided to provide a thorough understanding of the embodiments, but it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the embodiments may be practiced without these specific details.

[0027] term Variations of terms such as "comprise," "comprising," and "comprises" do not exclude other addenda, components, integers, or steps. The terms "a," "an," "the," and similar referents used herein should be construed to include both the singular and the plural, unless the context requires otherwise. The word "exemplary" used herein means "serving as an example, instance, or illustration." Any embodiment or aspect described herein as "exemplary" is not necessarily to be construed as preferred or advantageous over other embodiments or aspects of the present disclosure. Likewise, the term "aspects" does not require that all aspects of the disclosure include the discussed feature, advantage, or mode of operation.

[0028] The terms "user" and "individual" are sometimes used interchangeably.

[0029] The term "iso-velocity technology," developed by the applicant, refers to a multi-joint technology that achieves concentric and eccentric muscle contractions at a constant velocity and increases resistance when it senses that muscle contractions are becoming stronger and faster. Iso-velocity technology increases muscle strength more quickly and uniformly throughout the entire range of motion than traditional methods. Iso-velocity technology measures accurate force output for users ranging from elite athletes to those with partial paralysis who have lost motor control. Custom training protocols can be controlled and documented based on each user's customized strength profile. Because training is tailored to individual ability, it engages the central nervous system more effectively than traditional training.

[0030] The terms "concentric" and "concentric loading" refer to the phase of muscle contraction in which a muscle shortens while generating force against resistance. This is the most common and well-known phase of resistance exercise and is also known as the "lifting" or "positive" phase. In concentric loading, the muscle overcomes resistance, causing joint movement and muscle contraction.

[0031] The terms "eccentric" and "eccentric loading" refer to the phase of muscle contraction in which the muscle is lengthened under tension. This phase is often called the "negative" phase and is the opposite of concentric loading, which produces force while contracting the muscle.

[0032] "Dynamic isokinetic resistance exercise" is a generic description of the type of dynamic (movement-involving) exercise that is performed. Isometric force production assessment exercises involve the same exercise "movement," but are performed while the machine is stationary, so no actual movement occurs; instead, the user pushes against the machine's stationary work arm (held in place by the motor). This is an isometric procedure; there is no movement, and the force the user generates against the machine is recorded.

[0033] "Strength level" refers to a person's ability to generate force against resistance. It is a measure of how much weight or resistance a person can lift, push, or pull relative to their body weight or other factors.

[0034] "Protocol" refers to coded parameters that determine prescribed variables to be applied to an exercise, such as speed of movement in each direction and number of repetitions.

[0035] "Exerbotics(TM)," developed by the applicant, refers to providing exercise equipment and other tools to maximize muscle recruitment through ability-based concentric and eccentric training. Exerbotics(TM) scientifically assesses and trains the human body with exercise equipment that responds to the individual, regardless of the individual's limitations or abilities.

[0036] Exerbotics™ strength assessment tests measure the force or effort delivered by the user, significantly improving safety during maximum exertion. Using isokinetic technology, which allows for the measurement of multi-joint, complex movements, tests are conducted and recorded in a computer-controlled environment, eliminating external factors that can distort results, such as technique, inertia, speed, and range of motion. As part of its isokinetic technology, Exerbotics™ incorporates a precision load cell to measure an individual's force output throughout the entire range of motion. The computer and load cell can perform 514 measurements per direction, for example, to accurately record an individual's concentric and eccentric strength curves. This translates to 1,028 data points per repetition. Exerbotics™ fitness testing equipment provides strength assessment and training benefits needed in many applications, including corporate wellness, athletics, rehabilitation, active aging, and general fitness.

[0037] Information and data collected using the isokinetic software may include, but are not limited to, exercises performed, range of motion, repetition time, set time, number of repetitions, number of sets, repetition tempo, total effort, average effort, peak centripetal force, average centripetal force, peak eccentric force, and average eccentric force.

[0038] "Strength index" refers to the measurement of muscle performance (strength and endurance) generated at the end of an Exerbotics™ exercise protocol (an exercise set using Exerbotics™). This measurement is used to provide performance comparisons between different protocols and to assess progress over time relative to a baseline measurement or baseline resistance level. The strength index can be used to develop age-adapted benchmarks and reference ranges for healthy muscle function.

[0039] Utilizing the strength index requires the use of normalized data and optimized coaching. Data normalization is the process of adjusting values ​​measured on different scales to a theoretically common scale. Multiple protocols are used to perform exercise sets. Each protocol consists of clearly defined variables, such as load time, movement velocity, and emphasis on eccentric load over concentric load. Each protocol is different and unique. Data normalization standardizes measurements across distinct protocols, making it possible to compare user / individual performance across any protocol. Data normalization allows for a quick and accurate analysis of current strength levels.

[0040] Data normalization begins with obtaining a baseline for the user / individual. This baseline ensures optimal immediate muscle stimulation and that the exercise performed by the user / individual is effective from the start. This leads to better strength gains and long-term strength improvement through smart, informed coaching and refinement, and consistent performance evaluation across various protocols. The result is an easy-to-understand progress analysis based on performance across all protocols.

[0041] The process of establishing a new baseline begins with a rotational speed (RPM) process combined with a strength index. Range of motion setting and isometric assessment are used. Then, isometric assessment (or max test) is followed by exercise sets. Unlike conventional techniques, isometric assessment does not rely solely on creating a baseline. By combining the information or data obtained from the isometric assessment with what the user / individual can perform in the first exercise set based on that isometric assessment (i.e., the user's performance), a more personalized and accurate baseline is obtained. After the isometric assessment, a performance type is selected. The performance type is selected from standard performance and adaptive performance, and the first exercise set is performed.

[0042] Upon completion of a standard or adaptive performance set, the disclosed systems and methods calculate a user / individual baseline, where the baseline may differ from the isometric value. Minor adjustments based on data may be necessary to provide the most accurate and appropriate baseline. Thus, for some users, the baseline may be slightly higher or lower than the isometric value, which becomes the baseline going forward. Consequently, once the baseline is determined, the user does not need to undergo additional isometric assessments to update progress or adjust targeting for new protocols.

[0043] Referring to FIG. 1 , a plurality of exercise machines (or exercise devices) 102-112 are shown connected to a server 116 via a communications network 114. The plurality of machines (or exercise devices) 102-112 includes, but is not limited to, a back machine 102, a contralateral hamstring machine 104, a shoulder press / pulldown machine 106, a chest press / row machine 108, a leg press machine 110, and a squat machine 112. As described in more detail below, each of the exercise machines (or exercise devices) may include a communications interface, such as a transceiver, and at least one processor operably coupled to the communications interface. Each exercise machine may further include a computer system having at least one computer-readable memory, having a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium configured to store instructions, and configured to communicate with the at least one processor. The communications interfaces of the exercise machines are configured to communicate with the server and / or other exercise machines in the plurality of exercise machines.

[0044] FIG. 2 illustrates an individual utilizing a leg press machine 200 according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. As described above with reference to FIG. 1, the leg press machine 200 can communicate with a server and / or other exercise machines. As shown, a 90-degree joint angle is obtained during isometric force production assessment. The leg press machine utilizes a motor attached to and in electrical communication with a linear actuator having a cylinder 208b and a piston 208a axially engaged with the cylinder 208b. The leg press machine 200 may include a display 218 for displaying various information to the individual and / or the individual's coach / trainer. This information may include, but is not limited to, the protocol selected / used, the exercise performed, the range of motion, repetition time, set time, number of repetitions, number of sets, repetition tempo, total effort, average effort, peak concentric force, average concentric force, peak eccentric force, and average eccentric force.

[0045] FIG. 3 illustrates an exercise machine display screen that displays the force being applied by an individual in real time relative to a visual target. The display shows the force being applied to an exercise machine, such as the leg press machine of FIG. 3. Visual targets 302 are displayed on the monitor, providing real-time feedback to guide and motivate the individual's exercise effort. Each visual target 302 contains a unique resistance curve that biomechanically matches each movement based on a standardized range of motion used to maximize the safety and effectiveness of each movement. This is only possible through an algorithm that requires data from isometric tests performed at predetermined joint angles.

[0046] FIG. 4 illustrates another example of a display screen showing different protocols that can be selected for any movement or exercise using an exercise machine or device. This display screen allows a user / individual or coach / trainer to determine how to provide a target or goal effort for any target-based movement or exercise using two different methods: a protocol-based method and a movement-based method. Protocol-based targeting refers to focusing solely on the performance or protocol being performed. Protocols can be selected that are well known in the art. According to one embodiment, protocols include, but are not limited to, standard, build, shift, REV (i.e., heart rate), release, focus, DIG, peak, reach, adapt, utility, and custom.

[0047] Using this display screen, the user / individual or coach / trainer can select the protocol 402 to utilize. For example, if the REV protocol is selected for the chest press, protocol-based targeting is utilized. After selecting the REV protocol, the best or last target base can be selected for performance of the REV protocol only. That is, either the best target base or the last performed target base is selected. Once a protocol is selected, the target can be increased, increasing the strength index target for the particular exercise. Alternatively, the target can be decreased, lowering the strength index goal for the particular exercise.

[0048] If movement-based targeting is selected, the best or last performance across any protocol performed by the user / individual throughout the movement will be selected. So if the user / individual performed five, six, or seven different protocols, from all those protocols, the highest strength index generated by the user / individual and the protocol performed, or the last protocol performed by the user / individual for that movement, will be selected. Once the exercise set is completed, a results screen will be generated for the user / individual. Figures 5 and 6 show example results screens generated after completing an exercise set.

[0049] 5 is a display screen showing an exercise performance review for exercise-based targeting when an exercise set is completed, according to one embodiment. In this example, the chest press-wide grip exercise is selected. This screen displays the strength index compared to baseline and the percentage increase or change across all different protocols for a given movement, and all protocols performed are displayed, regardless of whether different protocols are performed; the strength index is a normalized metric.

[0050] 6 is a display screen showing how a user / individual performed on various protocols in terms of a common metric and common analysis, according to one embodiment. In this example, the Chest Press-Wide Grip exercise is selected. This shows meaningful progress for the user / individual even though different protocols were used, and the Strength Index achieves this through normalized data. In this example, the force average is also shown, along with the total effort for the Chest Press-Wide Grip on different days.

[0051] 7 is a block diagram 702 of an exemplary hardware implementation of an exercise machine that includes embodiments of the disclosed systems and methods. The exercise machine with a computer system includes a communications interface 703 connected to a bus interface 718 using a bus architecture generally represented by bus 716. The bus 716 may communicatively couple various circuits including one or more processors (generally represented by processing circuits 701), memory devices 710, a controller 706, and a computer-readable medium 708. The bus 716 may also link various other circuits and devices, such as timing sources, peripherals, voltage regulators, and power management circuits and devices, which are well known in the art and will not be described further.

[0052] The communication interface 703 provides a means for communicating with other devices over a transmission medium. In some implementations, the communication interface 703 includes circuitry and / or programming adapted to facilitate bidirectional communication of information to one or more communication devices in a network. In some implementations, the communication interface 703 is adapted to facilitate wireless communication of the exercise machine 702. In these implementations, the communication interface 703 may be coupled to one or more antennas (not shown) for wireless communication within a wireless communication system. In some implementations, the communication interface 703 may be configured for wire-based communication. For example, the communication interface 703 may be a bus interface, a transmit / receive interface, or other type of signal interface including drivers, buffers, or other circuitry for outputting and / or acquiring signals (e.g., outputting signals from an integrated circuit and / or receiving signals to an integrated circuit). The communication interface 703 may be configured with one or more stand-alone receivers and / or transmitters, and one or more transceivers. The communication interface 703 serves as an example of a receiving means and / or a transmitting means.

[0053] The processing circuitry 701 may be responsible for general processing, including managing the bus 716 and executing software stored on the computer-readable medium 708. The software, when executed by the processing circuitry 701, may cause the processing circuitry 701 to perform various functions described below for any particular device or module. The computer-readable medium 708 and memory device 710 may also be used to store user data 712 and owner permissions 714 that are manipulated by the processing circuitry 701 when executing software.

[0054] One or more processors, such as processing circuitry 701 of exercise machine 702, may execute software. Software may be construed broadly to mean instructions, instruction sets, code, code segments, program code, programs, subprograms, software modules, applications, software applications, software packages, routines, subroutines, objects, executable files, threads of execution, procedures, functions, etc., whether referred to as software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description language, or otherwise. Software may reside on a non-transitory computer-readable medium, such as computer-readable medium 708. Non-transitory computer-readable medium 708 may include, for example, magnetic storage devices (e.g., hard disks, floppy disks, magnetic tapes, magnetic strips), optical disks (e.g., compact disks (CDs), digital versatile disks (DVDs)), smart cards, flash memory devices (e.g., cards, sticks, key drives), random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), programmable ROM (PROM), erasable PROM (EPROM) including electrically erasable PROM (EEPROM), registers, removable disks, and any other suitable non-transitory medium for storing software, dates, and / or instructions that can be accessed and read by computer or processing circuitry 701. Computer-readable medium may also include, for example, carrier waves, transmission lines, and any other suitable medium for transmitting software and / or instructions that can be accessed and read by computer or processing circuitry 701. Computer-readable medium 708 may reside within exercise machine 702, external to exercise machine 702, or distributed across multiple entities, including exercise machine 702.

[0055] The processing circuitry 702 is arranged to acquire, process, and / or transmit data, control data access and storage, issue commands, and control other desired operations. The processing circuitry 702 may, in at least one example, include circuitry configured to implement desired programming provided by a suitable medium.

[0056] The computer-readable medium 708 may be embodied as a computer program product. As an example, the computer program product may include the computer-readable medium in packaging materials. Those skilled in the art will recognize how best to implement the described functionality presented throughout this disclosure depending on the particular application and the overall design constraints imposed on the overall system.

[0057] In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the processor circuitry 702 may include a controller 706 having circuits configured for various functions. For example, the controller 706 may be configured to manage the operation of sensors and displays, perform input / output operations related to accessing the Internet web, and perform methods, such as those described herein. For example, the controller 706 may include a circuit / module for communicating and processing data 740 configured to control how data is stored and retrieved in local and / or remote data storage. For example, the controller 706 may include a machine setup system / function / module / device 741 configured to control how data is stored and retrieved in local and / or remote data storage. For example, the controller 708 may include a machine configuration system / function / module / device 741 configured to control an exercise machine. For example, the controller 706 may include a machine configuration system / function / module / device 742 configured to uniquely adjust / configure the settings of the exercise machine for each user / individual. For example, the controller 706 may include an isometric effort system / function / module / device 743 configured for isometric exercise performed on the exercise machine. For example, controller 706 may include a resistance level system / feature / module / device 744 configured to adjust the resistance level of an exercise machine. For example, controller 706 may include a visual target system / feature / module / device 745 configured to identify and adjust visual targets for a user / individual.

[0058] In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the non-transitory computer-readable medium 708 of the exercise machine 702 may include instructions that cause various systems / functions / modules / devices of the controller 706 to perform methods described herein. For example, the non-transitory computer-readable medium 708 may include communication and processing instructions or code 750 for the communication and processing circuitry / module 740. For example, the non-transitory computer-readable medium 708 may include machine setup instructions 751 corresponding to the machine setup system / function / module / device 741. For example, the non-transitory computer-readable medium 708 may include machine positioning instructions 752 corresponding to the machine positioning system / function / module / device 742. For example, the non-transitory computer-readable medium 708 may include isometric effort instructions 753 corresponding to the isometric effort system / function / module / device 743. For example, the non-transitory computer-readable medium 708 may include resistance level instructions 754 corresponding to the resistance level system / function / module / device 744. For example, the non-transitory computer-readable medium 708 may include visual targeting instructions 755 corresponding to the visual targeting system / function / module / device 745 .

[0059] Additionally, the exercise machine utilizes a motor 722 secured to and in electrical communication with a linear actuator 720 having a cylinder and a piston axially engaged with the cylinder, as described above with reference to Figure 2. Optionally, the exercise machine 702 may include one or more sensors 724 for monitoring various data during an exercise set.

[0060] FIG. 8 is a flow diagram for implementing normalized isokinetic strength training performance and prescription according to one embodiment. First, a machine setup that meets joint angle criteria for dynamic isokinetic resistance exercises on a given exercise machine is established (802). Next, machine positions at given joint angle positions during isometric force production assessment exercises performed on the given machine are established (804). Next, maximum isometric effort at given joint angles is determined for each exercise (isometric force production assessment exercise) performed on the given machine (806). This results in a "baseline" resistance level. The "baseline" resistance level can be obtained or calculated for each "baseline" protocol exercise based on the maximum isometric effort achieved (808) or based on a compilation of anthropometric and demographic criteria (810).

[0061] The baseline resistance level (e.g., updated and normalized for "predetermined joint angle position") then provides the user with a visual target to guide effort during baseline dynamic exercise performance (812). The baseline exercise performance is then algorithmically evaluated to generate a predicted isometric maximum. This predicted isometric maximum can be greater or less than the isometric maximum test value. The target exercise effort, after accounting for this baseline predicted isometric maximum and this baseline value, is used as the pre-test value for progress analysis. For example, if the baseline predicted isometric maximum is 100 and an exercise set produces a strength index value of 150 after one session, a 50% gain over baseline has been achieved. The strength index normalizes performance across exercise protocols used for a given exercise movement, allowing for longitudinal (over time) progress analysis, even when different prescribed variables (i.e., different protocols) are used over time.

[0062] A visual target is then displayed on a monitor or screen associated with the given exercise machine based on the magnitude of effort indicated in the isometric maximum text and an adaptive algorithm utilizing biomechanical factors related to standard range of motion requirements and typical leverage changes that occur throughout this range of motion. The visual target is a predetermined magnitude of visually varying effort levels throughout the range of motion, such that the visual effort target remains consistent with the natural changes in intensity that occur throughout the range of motion (814).

[0063] Figure 9 is a flow diagram for implementing normalized isokinetic strength training performance and prescription according to one embodiment. First, the total effort recorded during a "baseline" dynamic exercise set performed on a first exercise machine is converted to a predicted isometric maximum test value (902). Total effort is the pounds (lbs) sensed by the machine multiplied by the time the pounds are sensed by the machine. Since there is no acceleration, it is not technically a measure of work. The exercise machine's working arm can move at a predetermined fixed speed or be stationary, in which case the force (lbs) on the working arm is measured and multiplied by the time the pounds are applied to the working arm.

[0064] The predicted isometric maximum test value is then used to normalize (904) each total effort recorded for each protocol performed on each exercise machine other than the first exercise machine. That is, each total effort for each protocol performed is normalized for the specific movement performed. Each machine is capable of one or more exercise movements. To compare the performance of protocols for a given movement, a performance normalization is calculated. Data is not normalized to compare different movements or different machines.

[0065] For each performance of the individual protocol, a normalized total effort is displayed by calculating the predicted isometric maximum.

[0066] The normalized total effort recorded for each protocol performed on each individual exercise machine, including the first exercise machine, is then displayed (906) on a display or monitor associated with the first exercise machine.

[0067] 10A and 10B are flow diagrams for implementing normalized isokinetic strength training performance and prescription according to one embodiment. First, establish a machine setup consistent with the joint angle criteria for dynamic isokinetic resistance exercise (1002). Next, establish machine positions at predetermined joint angle locations during isometric force production assessment (1004). Next, perform maximum effort isometric movements at the joint angles established and recorded through fine motor control for each exercise (1006).

[0068] A proprietary algorithm then determines the appropriate "baseline" resistance level for each appropriate "baseline" exercise protocol based on maximum isometric effort (1008). Baseline resistance values ​​can then also be established by compiling anthropometric and demographic norms using the procedures described herein (1010). Visual targets are then displayed on the monitor, providing real-time feedback to guide and motivate the individual's exercise effort. Each visual target contains a unique resistance curve that biomechanically matches each movement based on a standardized range of motion used to maximize the safety and effectiveness of each movement. This is only possible with an algorithm that requires data from isometric tests performed at defined joint angles (1012).

[0069] Each exercise involves a different "protocol," defined by the speed of movement in each direction of muscle action (concentric and eccentric), the number of repetitions, the duration of load during each muscle action, the total duration of load, and a visual effort target (digital resistance curve) (1014). After a "baseline" dynamic exercise set is performed, an algorithm is used to convert the total effort recorded in that set (measured in lb / s and a function of force x time) into a predicted isometric maximum test value (1016).

[0070] Predicted isometric strength test values ​​are used as a standardization metric between various "protocols." Each protocol is assigned an algorithm that converts total effort values ​​into normalized predicted maximum isometric values ​​(1018). This predicted maximum test value allows for comparative progress analysis of different protocols with different time and force prescription characteristics. In other words, it allows for performance comparisons that would otherwise be apples and oranges (1020). This predicted maximum test value also allows for the generation of protocol prescriptions based on the performance of other protocols. This improves operational efficiency when implementing new protocols or switching between protocols, shortening the time lapse for establishing effective training loads (1022).

[0071] According to one embodiment, the results of the isometric procedure are required to predict appropriate effort targets for the baseline protocol exercise, or alternatively, aggregate criteria (i.e., based on the user's height, weight, age, sex, lean body mass, etc.) may be used.

[0072] According to one aspect, exercise "sets" are always performed using pre-designed protocols. These protocols are various combinations of prescribed variables. Data normalization is performed across all protocols performed for a given movement. This is possible for all movements on all machines.

[0073] According to one aspect, exercising with the exercise machine of the present disclosure produces a movement, which is a movement of the exercise machine at a programmed speed, by applying a force or effort to a lever, which moves at the programmed speed.

[0074] According to one embodiment, isometric force production exercises are performed, the sequence and values ​​of which measure maximum isometric effort.

[0075] According to one aspect, during an isometric procedure, there is no movement: the exercise machine is at a fixed angle and does not move when the user applies force to the lever.

[0076] According to one embodiment, resistance level refers to the amount of effort required at any point on the resistance curve, which refers to the changes in the exercise range of motion represented by the shape of the resistance curve (on-screen targets).

[0077] According to one aspect, a user performs exercise sets at a baseline resistance level, performance is recorded, and an estimated maximum test value is calculated and reported. This is the in situ strength index. A strength index / estimated maximum test value is generated for every subsequent exercise set performed in any protocol.

[0078] According to one aspect, "collecting anthropometric and demographic metrics using the procedures described herein" refers to studying men and women of different ages and heights. A baseline is created using values ​​generated during an initial isometric routine or baseline exercise set, and these values ​​are then used across populations for age ranges and height parameters.

[0079] According to one aspect, training load refers to the demands placed on an individual's physiology such that sufficient demand stimulates muscle and systemic adaptations.

[0080] In this disclosure, the word "exemplary" is used to mean "serving as an example, instance, or illustration." Any embodiment or aspect described herein as "exemplary" is not necessarily to be construed as preferred or advantageous over other embodiments or aspects of the present disclosure. Likewise, the term "aspects" does not require that all aspects of the present disclosure include the discussed feature, advantage, or mode of operation. As used herein, the term "coupled" refers to a direct or indirect coupling between two objects. For example, if object A physically contacts object B, and object B contacts object C, objects A and C are considered to be coupled to each other even though they are not in direct physical contact. For example, a first object may be coupled to a second object even though the first object is not in direct physical contact with the second object. The terms "circuit" and "circuitry" are used broadly and are not limited to types of electronic circuitry, but are intended to include both hardware implementations of electrical devices and conductors that, when connected and configured, enable the performance of the functions described in this disclosure, and software implementations of information and instructions that, when executed by a processor, enable the performance of the functions described in this disclosure. As used herein, the terms "at least one" and "one or more" may be used interchangeably.

[0081] Within this disclosure, the use of components "A and / or B" means "A or B or A and B," and may alternatively be expressed as "A, B, or a combination thereof" or "A, B, or both." Within this disclosure, the use of components "A, B, and / or C" means "A or B or C, or any combination thereof," and may alternatively be expressed as "A, B, C, or any combination thereof."

[0082] One or more of the components, steps, features, and / or functions illustrated herein may be rearranged and / or combined into a single component, step, feature, or function, or embodied in multiple components, steps, or functions. Additionally, additional elements, components, steps, and / or functions may be added without departing from the novel features disclosed herein. The devices, apparatus, and / or components illustrated herein may be configured to perform one or more of the methods, features, or steps described herein. Additionally, the novel algorithms described herein may be efficiently implemented in software or incorporated into hardware.

[0083] It is understood that the specific order or hierarchy of steps in the disclosed methods is an illustration of example processes. Based upon design preferences, it is understood that the specific order or hierarchy of steps in the methods may be rearranged. The accompanying method claims present elements of the various steps in a sample order, and are not intended to be limited to the specific order or hierarchy presented, unless specifically stated.

[0084] The foregoing description is provided to enable those skilled in the art to practice the various embodiments described herein. Various modifications to these embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments. Therefore, the claims are not intended to be limited to the embodiments set forth herein but are to be accorded the full scope consistent with the language of the claims. References to elements in the singular shall mean "one or more" and not "only one," unless expressly stated otherwise. The term "some" refers to one or more. A phrase referring to "at least one" of a list of items refers to any combination of those items, including single members. For example, "at least one of a, b, and c" covers a, b, c, a and b, a and c, b and c, a, b, and c. All structural and functional equivalents to the elements of the various embodiments described throughout this disclosure that are known, or later become known, to those skilled in the art are expressly incorporated herein by reference and are intended to be encompassed by the claims. Moreover, nothing disclosed herein is intended to be dedicated to the public, regardless of whether such disclosure is expressly recited in the claims. No claim element is to be construed under 35 U.S.C. § 112(f) unless the element is expressly recited by the phrase "means for" or, in the case of a method claim, by the phrase "step for."

[0085] As used herein, the term "determining" encompasses a wide variety of actions. For example, "determining" can include calculating, computing, processing, deriving, investigating, retrieving (e.g., looking up in a table, database, or other data structure), ascertaining, etc. Also, "determining" can include receiving (e.g., receiving information), accessing (e.g., accessing data in a memory), etc. Also, "determining" can include resolving, selecting, choosing, establishing, etc.

[0086] While the foregoing disclosure sets forth exemplary embodiments, it should be noted that various changes and modifications can be made herein without departing from the scope of the appended claims. The functions, steps, or actions of the method claims in accordance with the embodiments described herein do not have to be performed in any particular order unless expressly stated otherwise. Furthermore, although elements may be described or claimed in the singular, the plural is contemplated unless limitation to the singular is explicitly stated.

Claims

1. 1. An exercise machine computer system for maximizing muscle recruitment through performance-based concentric and eccentric training, comprising: a communication interface; at least one processor operably coupled to the communication interface; and at least one computer-readable memory configured to communicate with the at least one processor, the computer-readable memory having a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium configured to store instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, establishing a set-up for the exercise machine to match a joint angle criterion for dynamic constant velocity resistance exercise on the exercise machine; establishing machine positions at defined joint angle positions on the exercise machine during an isometric force production assessment exercise performed on the exercise machine; calculating maximum isometric effort at a specified joint angle for one or more exercises performed on the exercise machine; A system that calculates a baseline resistance level for at least one protocol.

2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the baseline resistance level is calculated using a combination of data obtained from an isometric assessment and a user's performance of a set of exercises on the exercise machine.

3. 3. The system of claim 2, wherein the data includes exercises performed, range of motion, repetition duration, set duration, number of repetitions, number of sets, repetition tempo, total effort, average effort, peak centripetal force, average centripetal force, peak eccentric force, and average eccentric force.

4. The system of claim 1 , wherein the at least one protocol includes one or more well-defined defined variables.

5. The system of claim 4 , wherein the one or more distinct prescribed variables include load time, exercise velocity, concentric load, and eccentric load.

6. 3. The system of claim 2, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to normalize user performance data to provide an accurate analysis of a user's current intensity level so that user performance can be compared across different protocols.

7. The system of claim 1 , wherein the at least one processor is further configured to display a visual target on a display screen, the visual target providing real-time feedback to the user.

8. 8. The system of claim 7, wherein the visual target is a resistance curve that biomechanically matches each of the user's movements based on a standardized range of motion used to maximize the safety and effectiveness of each movement.

9. 10. The system of claim 1, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to convert a total effort recorded for a baseline dynamic exercise set performed on the exercise machine into a value that is a predicted isometric maximum test value.

10. 10. The system of claim 9, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to normalize a total effort recorded for at least one protocol performed on the exercise machine using the predicted isometric maximum test value.

11. 11. The system of claim 10, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to display a normalized total effort recorded for at least one protocol performed on the exercise machine.

12. 1. A method for maximizing muscle recruitment through performance-based concentric and eccentric training, comprising: establishing a set-up of the exercise machine to match joint angle criteria for dynamic constant velocity resistance exercise on the exercise machine; establishing machine positions at defined joint angle positions on the exercise machine during an isometric force production assessment exercise performed on the exercise machine; calculating maximum isometric effort at a specified joint angle for one or more exercises performed on the exercise machine; and calculating a baseline resistance level for at least one protocol.

13. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the baseline resistance level is calculated using a combination of data obtained from an isometric assessment and a user's performance of a set of exercises on the exercise machine.

14. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the at least one protocol includes one or more distinct prescribed variables, the one or more distinct prescribed variables including load time, exercise velocity, concentric load, and efferent load.

15. 13. The method of claim 12, further comprising normalizing user performance data to provide an accurate analysis of a user's current intensity level so that user performance can be compared across different protocols.

16. 16. The method of claim 15, further comprising displaying a visual target on a display screen, the visual target providing real-time feedback to the user.

17. 17. The system of claim 16, further comprising converting a total effort recorded for a baseline dynamic exercise set performed on the exercise machine into a value that is a predicted isometric maximum test value.

Images