Secure cryptocurrency server card

Abstract

The expansion card for cryptocurrency is a computer interface and a smart contract A secure computer having a secure microcontroller unit running The computer interface includes a computer expansion card. Secure computing allows you to connect your computer to a device. The enclave can be coupled to a computer interface. The computing enclave contains a secure microcontroller unit and It receives requests through its computer interface and verifies that the requests are properly signed. Smart Contact by verifying that the request is valid and processing the verified request. The processing of validated requests involves private security Includes the use of a security key. Verified in a secure microcontroller unit. The request is processed using a private security key and a multi-signature address. This involves generating a digital signature that is part of the cryptocurrency system. The configuration of the controller unit is immutable or can be updated with digitally signed updates. do.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001]

[0001] The present disclosure relates to virtual currencies (cryptoassets). Server security, including physical hardware to protect transaction signing keys It is about quality. [Background technology]

[0002] Background of the Invention

[0002] Blockchain users want to easily make transactions in markets and other places. The funds are then deposited with a third-party custodian, such as a trading venue, to be used for trading. Third-party custodians like The losses are estimated to be in the billions.

[0003] For the servers in use today, holding funds, keeping internal ledgers accurate, There is a need to increase confidence in the faithful execution of user-requested transactions. It is unfortunate that this is necessary.

[0004] Currency transactions and transaction platforms are based on blockchain technology. These services are designed to allow users to execute order matching faster than the bank itself. After accepting custody of the funds, the transaction is executed in a separate off-chain system. These services use cryptographically protected databases to track customer balances. They lack the ability to be independently audited, and clients have no custody of their funds. Because you entrust your coins (which are the currency of virtual currency) to a service, you are at risk of theft or loss. can be.

[0005] Unlike legacy fiat currencies, cryptocurrencies can be lost or stolen, and are vulnerable to insider attacks. It is usually impossible to distinguish between internal and external crimes. This ambiguity is routinely exploited. It could also be said that.

[0006] Unlike traditional fiat currencies, cryptocurrencies are Even transactions outside of the blockchain can be cryptographically secured. Cryptographically secure processes that provide assured auditing and tracking are, for example, open Some protocols, such as the On Transaction (OT) protocol, are already being developed.

[0007] What is needed now is security features for sensitive cryptocurrencies (e.g. gold). A more secure approach to processing financial transactions (financial transactions) in hardware and software It is a platform that aims to improve the security of all servers that operate cryptocurrency transactions. while improving end-user experience and speed. The key is not to lower it too much. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The expansion card for cryptocurrency is a computer interface and a smart contract A secure microcontroller unit running The computer interface includes a separate computing enclave. Connect expansion cards to computer devices. Secure computing environment The enclave is coupled to a computer interface. The enclave receives requests through a computer interface and By verifying that the request is properly signed and processing the verified request. A secure microcontroller configured to run smart contacts -Includes unit. Processing authenticated requests involves the use of a private security key. Validated requests are processed in the secure microcontroller unit using a platform A private security key is used to generate the digital signatures that are part of a multisig address. The expansion card for virtual currency includes the configuration of a microcontroller unit. The configuration is immutable or updatable with digitally signed updates. Private security keys can be sent via an auxiliary data connector or via a cryptocurrency It can be accessed from the secure memory in the expansion card. The cryptocurrency expansion card will have a secure computing enclave in a single centralized location. It is located on an integrated circuit (IC) chip. The cryptocurrency expansion card that makes cryptocurrency requests sends cryptocurrency, This includes on-blockchain or off-chain accounts. The method also involves using an open transaction protocol. A cryptocurrency transaction processing system will have two or more physical computers and each of the computers is provided with the expansion card. generates the same private key and signature as the multisig blockchain address. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0004]

[0008] The reference numerals use the same numbers for corresponding similar or identical parts. As shown below.

[0009] FIG. 1 is an illustration of a transaction processing system having a network of servers. is.

[0010] FIG. 2 is a block diagram of an expansion card with a seed input device.

[0011] Figure 3A shows the seed input device being used as a seed backup wallet. , here connected to an expansion card in the server computer.

[0012] Figure 3B shows the seed's input device, which is connected to an expansion card in the server computer. Continuing

[0013] Figure 4 shows a secure transaction between an expansion card and a server computer. This is a flowchart. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0005] Details of the invention

[0014] To fully understand the present disclosure, a specific example is provided here. understand that you can practice a function or capability without the specific details presented here. In other instances, well-known methods, procedures, components, units, and circuits may be incorporated into the present disclosure. The details are not given to avoid obscuring the argument.

[0015] Figure 1 shows the transaction flow used to manage secure cryptocurrency transactions. FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an image processing system 100.

[0016] The transaction processing system 100 includes multiple nodes 111, 112, 113, 114, and 115 ( For example, 111 on node 1, 112 on node 2, 113 on node 3, 114 on node 4, and 11 on node 5. 5) and a mesh network including a physical storage area116 for seed backup wallets. The seed backup wall of node 2 is shown as network 10 and is connected to node 2's network 112. Each node can include an authentication server. Each node can include an audit server. The transaction processing system 100 may include a set of audit servers. Votes may be pooled.

[0017] The authentication server receives the signed transaction and records its arrival. , requesting the audit server to execute an on-blockchain transaction. and other bookkeeping tasks, including checking and managing accounts.

[0018] Node communication between nodes 111, 112, 113, 114, and 115 is performed using, for example, open transactions. This can be done over any number of communication protocols, such as the Node communication from the authentication server to the audit server uses a broadcast protocol. All authentication messages can be broadcast and all audit messages can be The server can receive messages from authentication and encrypted messages. Distributed, which can also use node communication to send to multiple subscribers. It can have an encrypted, peer-to-peer, trustless communication protocol. Node communication is , may use broadcast on a specific communication channel. Node communication is Bitmessage The identity of the communication channel may be determined by the smart controller. the hash of the contract (e.g., the hash of the voting pool smart contract), and can use smart properties in smart contracts. The address can be used as a broadcast address. See U.S. Provisional Application No. 63 / 140,270. The contents of the patent application filed on January 22, 2003 are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.

[0019] Once the validating server receives a properly signed transaction, it The blockchain address is used to process requests for on-blockchain transactions. To perform on-blockchain transactions, a blockchain address is required. The signature is a set of multiple endorsement signatures (i.e., multi-signatures) signed by different private keys. A unique blockchain address may be required.

[0020] On-blockchain refers to the use of blockchain and other distributed ledger technologies, such as DA It refers to a distributed ledger technology that uses G (Directed Acyclic Graph).

[0021] Multi-sig votes are required to move crypto assets on a blockchain address. If necessary, individual servers can simply distribute crypto assets on multi-signature addresses within the voting pool. Since it cannot be moved independently, the server cannot steal cryptocurrency from the voting pool. Furthermore, the authentication server cannot have a private key, and the vote is sent to the audit server. Because it is under your control, the authentication server cannot act maliciously.

[0022] The audit server with the private key will then use the multi-signature while processing the signed request. The audit server approves the creation of blockchain transactions. Based on the audit, a signature is issued to approve the transaction using the private key of each audit server. The name of the person who created the token will be sent to the blockchain. Once enough signatures are received for a blockchain address, the transaction is accepted. It is recognized that malicious individuals may attempt to subvert the transaction processing system 100 in order to steal funds. One possible way to do this is to steal the private key from the audit server. It is desirable to ensure that malicious actors do not have access to the private keys of any audit servers. This can be achieved by increasing the barriers that attackers must overcome.

[0023] The cryptocurrency expansion card can store cryptocurrency private keys and The cryptographic security functions and processes are transmitted to the server via a computer interface. It can be used as a convenient expansion card that can be connected to commercially available computers.

[0024] A voting pool is a platform where customers' cryptocurrency (e.g., virtual currency) deposits are securely stored and accounted for. and deploy authentication and auditing servers to process valid withdrawal requests. An authentication server is a person or organization running a node on a network 10. The voting pool may include: No single individual or entity can take unilateral action against the deposited crypto assets. This reduces the risk of loss or theft and custody responsibility. This is to reduce the

[0025] Each authentication server in the voting pool runs an audit server, and each audit server has a corresponding block. You can have a server wallet for your backchain private key. It is a wallet for transactions and is required to approve the creation of multi-signature transactions. The server wallet generates the necessary signatures. It may have a hierarchical and deterministic list of addresses on a blockchain like .

[0026] When customers deposit crypto assets (such as virtual currencies) into the voting pool, in return The customer will receive the corresponding amount of cryptocurrency in the account of the selected authentication server. will receive crypto assets (virtual currencies, such as Bitcoin or colored coins) from the voting pool. It monitors the incoming stream for requests to deposit or withdraw funds and then It can communicate with the blockchain wallet accordingly.

[0027] The audit server monitors the operation of all authentication servers in the voting pool and whether the voting pool is blocked. The audit server independently verifies the crypto assets held on the blockchain itself. data to tell the wallet when to approve the creation of a withdrawal transaction. The audit server also shares information between members of the voting pool and As a result of these, each audit server receives all the votes in the voting pool. Persistent real-time margin auditing of all authentication servers and simultaneously The audit server wallet receives a request with a proper digital signature. Creates a blockchain transaction at the user's request when The audit server uses the private key in its wallet to To act by the sass and create multi-signature blockchain transactions Send a signed request for

[0028] Each voting pool is determined by how many servers (also known as authentication servers) it contains. Regardless, it supports on-chain multi-signatures (multi-signatures) It can be implemented as a single node with a BIP-47 ID of

[0029] Transaction processing systems with voting pools, for example, audit server voting pools In the case of the transaction processing system 100, a malicious actor may attack the transaction processing system 100. To be able to audit a system, you must have physical access to a majority of the audit servers with at least one vote. Servers can be located in different locations, providing a higher barrier to system security. However, it is not effective in reading keys from cryptocurrency expansion cards. If you are using a cryptocurrency expansion card, you may want to add additional security to protect your private keys stored on the card. Physical access to the server is likely not sufficient, as it must be unlocked .

[0030] To perform cryptographic operations (e.g., signing) to protect private keys in a cryptosystem. Servers using virtual currency expansion cards can minimize throughput degradation. This allows for increased security while minimizing overhead. Examples of such servers include: Authentication servers, off-chain servers, servers that perform cryptographic processing using private keys, etc. There is.

[0031] Cryptocurrency expansion cards can provide functionality that requires high security. This involves all the hardware handling security-sensitive functions within a single integrated circuit die. This includes security-critical functionality that may be implemented in hardware and software. Storing private encryption keys on cryptocurrency expansion cards allows for the secure exchange of cryptocurrencies without requiring a standard computer server. You can easily add crypto security transactions to your account.

[0032] Figure 2 shows a virtual communication system for a computer device such as a computer server. The expansion card 202 for the virtual currency and the seed input device attached to the expansion card 202 for the virtual currency 1 is a block diagram 200 of the chair 118.

[0033] The seed input device 118 receives a private cryptographic key that is provided to the cryptocurrency expansion card 202. The seed input device 118 provides access to the private key. Before providing it, the virtual currency expansion card 202 is required to certify that it is in a trusted environment. You can also request it.

[0034] The seed input device 118 is used to ensure that the software upgrade process is tamper-proof. Software upgrades may be possible provided the software is cryptographically secure. The input device 118 may be hardware, software, or a combination of hardware and software. It can be implemented by a combination of

[0035] The input device 105 of the seed includes an input device such as a keyboard or a touchpad. It may be possible.

[0036] The seed input device 105 is a "mnemonic codeword" as defined in BIP-39. It is possible to use a deterministic key generation algorithm that relies on a human-friendly ID, such as can.

[0037] FIG. 2 shows an expansion card 202 for virtual currency with an auxiliary data connector 204. Here, the computer interface 206, the secure microcontroller RA unit 2068, virtual currency coprocessor 210, hardware encryption / decryption unit 212, security It is equipped with a cure memory 214.

[0038] Expansion Card 202 for Cryptocurrency Secure Computing Enclave · Architecture can be adopted. Secure Microcontroller Unit 2068, Virtual The currency co-processor 210, the hardware encryption / decryption unit 212, and the secure memory 214 are It may be part of a secure computing enclave architecture. The computing enclave may be connected to a computer interface 206. stomach.

[0039] Secure Microcontroller Unit 2068 is a coprocessor for cryptocurrency 21 0 and the hardware encryption / decryption unit 212 may be implemented in the secure enclave.

[0040] The expansion card 202 for virtual currency is a secure microcontroller unit 2068 , a coprocessor 210 for virtual currency, a secure memory 214, and a hardware encryption / decryption 2. The digital signal processing circuit 200 may include a single IC (integrated circuit) die implementation that includes the decoder 212.

[0041] Regarding how to implement security in the expansion card 202 for virtual currency, See U.S. Provisional Application No. 63 / 125,947 (filed December 15, 2020). is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

[0042] The expansion card 202 for virtual currency is a PCI (Peripheral Component Interconnect) card. Although shown as a Component Interconnect card, it may also be used with USB, PCMICA, or other industry standard You can also use other interfaces, such as standard or other proprietary interfaces. The computer interface 206 allows the virtual currency expansion card 202 to be connected to the computer device. The computer interface 206 is an industry standard interface. If you are implementing a computer-based interface, it may make changes to the end user experience. This is achieved without any disruption and with little or no degradation in processing throughput. The performance described here can be achieved.

[0043] The auxiliary data connector 204 may be a USB connector, a serial (e.g., RS-232), or Short-range wireless such as Bluetooth, or other industry standard or customized data A connection that provides secure or insecure communication.

[0044] The auxiliary data connector 204 may be used, for example, if necessary for processing a request or for security reasons. To restrict access to the private security key, such as when copying it to hard disk drive 214, can be provided.

[0045] The auxiliary data connector 204 retrieves the private encryption key loaded on the expansion card for virtual currency. This is the only way to get the cryptographic key from the cryptocurrency expansion card 202. A computer equipped with an expansion card 202 for virtual currency has network access. However, they cannot possibly gain access to your private security keys.

[0046] The data from the auxiliary data connector 204 is transmitted to the expansion card 202 for virtual currency, particularly to the with a dedicated microcontroller unit 2068 and a cryptocurrency coprocessor 210 The virtual currency expansion card 202 can be connected to the auxiliary data connector 204. If the only way to access the auxiliary data is through physical access to the auxiliary data connector 204, All input from connectors 204 can be considered trusted. The card 202 considers all input from the auxiliary data connector 204 to be untrusted and Additional security measures, such as a code (e.g., a four-digit code), password, or other form of authentication The virtual currency expansion card 202 can be connected to an auxiliary data connector 204. If is wireless, consider all input from the auxiliary data connector 204 untrusted. This sometimes happens.

[0047] The Secure Microcontroller Unit 2068 is a The secure microphone may be connected to a computer via a computer interface 206. The microcontroller unit 2068 can implement smart contacts. The controller unit 2068 is a secure microcontroller unit 2068. This means that the program cannot be changed or updated. It may be immutable. For example, , physically unupdateable single-ban PROM or ROM or other technology, or cryptographic by a software content update that is certified by the software (e.g., signed by a software update private key). The public key corresponding to the software update private key can be restricted to be updated only by It may be stored in secure memory 214.

[0048] The Secure Microcontroller Unit 2068 is a Software upgradeable as long as the loading process is tamper-proof and cryptographically secure For example, it can be cryptographically signed with a trusted private key. The functionality of the Microcontroller Unit 2068 can be hardware, software, or It can be implemented by any combination of hardware and software.

[0049] The cryptocurrency coprocessor 210 implements cryptographic functions. are well established or are not expected to change significantly over time. The virtual currency coprocessor 210 is expected to speed up transaction processing. It can be made into

[0050] The hardware encryption / decryption device 212 may use an internal private key pair. A secret key pair can be generated from hardware-derived entropy. Software-derived entropy may also be generated by minute radioactive sources. may be set uniquely to

[0051] The hardware encryption / decryption device 212 is configured to encrypt and decrypt virtual currency when the expansion card 202 for virtual currency is damaged or If tampered with, the symmetric key or other encryption key used to decrypt secure memory 214 can be destroyed.

[0052] The secure memory 214 includes a seed input device connected to the auxiliary data connector 204. 118. The secure cryptographic private key may be stored in the secure cryptographic private key storage unit.

[0053] The secure memory 214 can be addressed from the computer interface 206 or the like. In some cases, the virtual currency expansion card 202 may not be able to directly access the data in the secure memory 214. Restrict access. This restriction can be implemented through software, firmware, or hardware. What limitations may there be?

[0054] The secure memory 214 stores the encrypted data after the hardware encryption / decryption unit 212 has encrypted it. The secure memory 214 may store private encryption security keys. In that data stored in memory is encrypted, for example, by the encryptor / decryptor 212 , can be distinguished from plain memory.

[0055] Secure memory 214 and secure microcontroller unit 2068 may be on a single integrated circuit.

[0056] Information stored in secure memory 214 may be stored in encrypted form. This is because it passes through the Encryptor / Decryptor 212. The Encryptor / Decryptor 212 is a secure memory Hardware Encryptor is software that encrypts information before it is written to the library 214. The cryptocurrency coprocessor 210 and the encryptor / decryptor 212 are integrated into a single-die IC. (integrated circuit) Tampering may be difficult or impossible, e.g., there are no exposed electrical connections.

[0057] The data stored in the secure memory 214 is stored in a resting state within the secure memory 214. This is primarily because it is safer and also because the only way to decrypt it is to One way is to use the hardware symmetric key while it remains in the hardware encryption / decryption device 212. ,hardware that operates as part of a program (i.e., a smart contract) This is because the only option is to use the encryption / decryption unit 212 .

[0058] FIG. 3A is a block diagram 300A in which a crypto expansion card 202A is installed in a computer. The wired seed backup wallet 118B is also shown in the shard server 2061. The display 202 and the seed's input device 118 are also shown as USB memory sticks.

[0059] The expansion card 202A for virtual currency is connected to the wired display 202. The wired display will be green when the private key is updated successfully. The wired display 204 has black and white blocks and alphanumeric characters. It may be an LCD display capable of displaying the above.

[0060] FIG. 3B is a block diagram 300B in which the virtual currency expansion card 202B is connected to the server 206. 1 (Translator's note: original text). Also, the seed input device is 118 priority seed input. 118C, which is shown as an auxiliary data connector 204 and is used to connect an expansion card for virtual currency. connected to 202B

[0061] The seed input device 118C has a Universal Serial Bus (USB) interface 302, a processor 304, a memory 306, a keyboard 308, a display 310, etc. .

[0062] The USB interface 302 is configured to transfer the secure private key to the memory 214. It is done.

[0063] Keyboard 308 allows for direct input or recovery using a 12-word backup phrase. The display 310 allows the user to input the private key in a simple manner. It can instruct the user on how to proceed and provide feedback on their input. The card 308 and display 310 may be incorporated into a touch screen.

[0064] The input device 118c of the seed may be a smartphone or a short-range wireless interface. A wired or physical connection is preferred. There are cases like this.

[0065] FIG. 4 is a flowchart illustrating an implementation of a process for using the enhanced card 202 for virtual currency. It is Chart 400.

[0066] Flowchart 400 begins with step 402, in which virtual currency expansion card 202 is connected to an auxiliary data connector. The process begins with receiving a private signing key from the seed input device 118 via connector 204.

[0067] Next, flowchart 400 proceeds to step 404, where the secure microcontroller unit The unit 2068 stores the private signing key in secure memory 214.

[0068] Next, flowchart 400 proceeds to step 406, where computer interface 206 A request is received from

[0069] Secure Microcontroller Unit 2068, Coprocessor for Cryptocurrency 210 , secure memory 214, and an expansion card for virtual currency via a hardware encryption / decryption device 212. The node 202 can support the processing of requests. The transaction is a standard protocol transaction, e.g. It may be a standard transaction of the kes and Open Transactions protocols.

[0070] The program on the secure microcontroller unit 2068 (i.e., smart The client contract receives the request through the computer interface 206. It may be performed by

[0071] The process then proceeds to step 408, where the request is validated. is used to verify that the request is sent using a specific cryptographic key (e.g., an off-blockchain token with the corresponding public key). Verify that the transaction is signed by the customer's private key corresponding to the customer account. Verify that the request is to move cryptocurrency from account 123 and that the cryptocurrency is The request is signed by the private key of the customer who put the asset into account 123. If the request is validated, it becomes a validated request. , the verified request is processed using the secure microcontroller unit 2068 can be.

[0072] Flowchart 400 continues with step 410, where a secure microcontroller unit The request is processed using a smart contract programmed into the unit 2068. can be.

[0073] Processing of cryptographic requests is performed using private security keys (e.g., multi-sig The private key of the audit server of the blockchain address may be used. The security key is stored in the secure memory 214 or is connected to the auxiliary data connector 204. It is accessed when needed via

[0074] Once the request is verified, it is processed using cryptocurrency and on-blockchain addresses. Validated requests are sent to off-blockchain accounts and other devices. , transfer crypto assets between on-blockchain addresses and off-blockchain accounts A validated request transaction can be used to send crypto assets to an off-blockchain It is also possible to send from a blockchain account to a second off-blockchain account.

[0075] Processing a verified request requires on-chain ownership. Transfer from a customer address on the blockchain to a blockchain address in an off-chain system Off-chain systems involve the transfer of crypto assets to off-chain accounts. can be traced to the private key associated with the blockchain address of the customer wallet. With a signed request, crypto assets can be transferred.

[0076] Validated cryptographic request processing is done using, for example, the private key of a blockchain address. This involves using private security keys, such as The processing of a verified request is performed by an open Transactions can also be on-blockchain. This includes moving crypto assets between addresses and off-blockchain accounts. Additionally, crypto assets can be transferred from off-blockchain accounts. For example, , move from off-blockchain account A to off-blockchain account B It is possible.

[0077] Flowchart 400 ends after step 410.

[0078] The above examples are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to be limiting. Therefore, even if one does not follow the embodiments and applications shown here, the spirit of the present invention as defined above is not achieved. Various modifications and changes may be made to the described embodiments without departing from the scope of the present invention. This can be done.

Claims

1. A graphics server card for virtual currencies consisting of: A computer interface configured to couple to a computer device Secure computing enclosure coupled to a computer interface In the following way, the smart computer is secured by the secure microcontroller unit. The one that runs the tract. Receives encryption requests through a computer interface Secures requests by verifying that the request is signed with a specific cryptographic key The data is processed by a microcontroller unit.

2. The cryptocurrency expansion card according to claim 1, wherein the processing of the verified request is performed by a private A secure security key is used.

3. The expansion card for virtual currency according to claim 2 further includes a support for the private security key. Those accessed through a data connector.

4. The cryptocurrency expansion card according to claim 2 is a secure computing encryption The library contains a secure memory that stores private cryptographic security keys. 。

5. 3. The cryptocurrency expansion card of claim 2, wherein the processing of the verified cryptographic request involves electronic Involves using a private security key to generate the signature.

6. The cryptocurrency expansion card according to claim 5, wherein the processing of the verified request is performed using multi-signature. Anything that involves on-blockchain transactions with addresses.

7. The expansion card for virtual currency according to claim 1, wherein the microcontroller unit is configured Something that cannot be changed.

8. The cryptocurrency expansion card according to claim 1 is a secure computing encryption The probe is on a single integrated circuit chip.

9. The expansion card for virtual currency according to claim 1, wherein the secure microcontroller unit can be updated with cryptographically signed updates.

10. 10. The cryptocurrency expansion card according to claim 1, wherein the cryptocurrency request is a cryptocurrency asset. Something sent to.

11. 11. The virtual currency expansion card according to claim 10, wherein a request to transfer virtual currency is made on-line. Includes a backchain address.

12. The cryptocurrency expansion card according to claim 11, wherein the on-blockchain address and the off-blockchain address are A cryptographic request to transfer crypto assets between blockchain accounts.

13. 12. The virtual currency expansion card according to claim 11, wherein a request to transfer virtual currency is Including lockchain accounts.

14. The virtual currency expansion card according to claim 11, wherein the virtual currency sending request is opened. Transaction protocol transactions.

15. An expansion card for virtual currency, consisting of: A computer interface configured to couple an expansion card to a computer device -face Memory for storing encrypted private keys Smart contracts can be executed on an immutable microcontroller unit in the following ways: Something that performs the following. A request for encryption is received through the computer interface. Verify that a request is signed with a particular cryptographic key. It processes the validated request and uses the private cryptographic security key stored in memory. Use the

16. 16. The cryptocurrency extension card of claim 15, wherein the processing of the verified request includes a private This involves generating a digital signature using a secure security key.

17. The virtual currency expansion card according to claim 16, wherein the processing of the verified request is performed by on-board Contains the backchain address.

18. 16. The cryptocurrency expansion card of claim 15, wherein the processing of the verified request includes an open Transactions that include the Transaction Transaction Protocol.

19. The expansion card for virtual currency according to claim 15, wherein the memory and the unalterable memory are stored on a single integrated circuit. One in which a microcontroller unit is present.

20. 16. The cryptocurrency expansion card according to claim 15, wherein the processing of the verified request is performed by an on-board Move crypto assets between blockchain addresses and off-blockchain accounts This includes:

21. 16. The enhanced card for virtual currency according to claim 15, wherein processing of the verified request allows the The transfer of crypto assets from a blockchain account.

22. A cryptocurrency transaction processing system consisting of the following: There are two or more physical computers, and each physical computer has a computer expansion card. Each computer expansion card has a secret key for the same multi-signature blockchain address. Generates a signature with a key.

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