Roll cage kit for a vehicle with a chassis, and a vehicle incorporating this kit

Abstract

The present invention relates to a roll cage kit for automobiles with chassis, both freestanding and with longitudinal and transverse members, which comprises four closed parallel arches, a lower longitudinal member, an upper longitudinal member, a crossbar, and a middle section, whereby some of the middle sections form supports for rows of seats, forming a strong and easily adaptable structure. Automobiles with chassis, both freestanding and with longitudinal and transverse members, include the kit, thereby forming various spaces for occupancy and transport of objects.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to devices or equipment for vehicles designed to protect occupants or to prevent them from injury in accidents or other traffic hazards. In particular, the present invention relates to devices in kit form or in the form of separate components that can be installed in existing vehicles. [Background technology]

[0002] Two types of chassis are commonly used in automobiles: the self-supporting or monocoque chassis, and the ladder type. In the former, the body is made of a series of differently shaped metal sections, forming a closed structure that contains the chassis. Thus, there is no chassis other than the outer shell, or hull, which forms both the vehicle structure and the vehicle body except for the final panels. In the ladder type, however, there is a chassis on which the body structure, engine, and other elements are mounted. Whether self-supporting or ladder type, the chassis is made of a pair of beams that run longitudinally along the vehicle and are joined by one or more crossbars, forming the vehicle's main structural element.

[0003] Cars with ladder-type chassis are generally used for industrial, off-road and racing purposes, as well as for any other activity that requires a very rigid chassis that can be separated from the body structure. Passenger cars, on the other hand, have a free-standing chassis.

[0004] Thus, a vehicle with a ladder-type chassis can use a common initial configuration to include various body structures according to specific needs, such as an enclosed interior with seats for transporting people forming the entire body, an enclosed interior for people and a refrigerated box section for transporting raw products, an enclosed interior for people and an open box section for transporting objects of various sizes, etc.

[0005] Considering the above configuration, a vehicle with a ladder-type chassis can also be reused for another use with a different configuration after being constructed in a particular way by simply removing the body structure and replacing it with a new one, generally leaving the interior space for people and replacing the box section.

[0006] Currently known roll cages adapted for this type of vehicle, capable of transporting people and objects in the cargo area, generally include two arches for each row of seats, creating an aisle between the rows. Thus, for two rows of seats, two aisles are created, which results in relatively large longitudinal dimensions, while safety requirements for the occupants require that the rows of seats be positioned in the direction of travel to provide a safety space in case of an impact, as required by current regulations.

[0007] There is a need for a roll cage kit for existing automobiles with chassis, both freestanding and ladder type, that requires less space than existing chassis kits and also allows for the addition of other features, such as space for various objects once fitted to the vehicle. Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0008] The present invention is defined and characterized by the independent claims, while the dependent claims describe other features of the invention.

[0009] The object of the present invention is an automobile roll cage kit with both a freestanding chassis and a ladder-type chassis, and a vehicle including this roll cage kit. The technical problem to be solved is to configure the elements that make up the kit and their arrangement in the vehicle to create a variety of useful spaces for installing different objects. [Means for solving the problem]

[0010] In view of the above, the present invention relates to a roll cage kit for a motor vehicle with a chassis, both freestanding and ladder type, with four arches, namely a first, second, third and fourth arches arranged in succession; - the first arch has: a first side portion followed by a first top portion followed by a second side portion; the second arch has: a third side portion followed by a second top portion followed by a fourth side portion; the third arch has: a fifth side portion followed by a third top portion followed by a sixth side portion; the fourth arch has: a seventh side portion followed by a fourth top portion followed by an eighth side portion; a first upper longitudinal crossbar connecting the first upper section and the second upper section; a second upper longitudinal crossbar connecting the second upper section and the third upper section; a third upper longitudinal crossbar connecting the third upper section and the fourth upper section; - a first horizontal crossbar connecting the first side portion and the third side portion; a second horizontal crossbar connecting the first side portion and the third side portion; a third horizontal crossbar connecting the second side portion and the fourth side portion; and a fourth horizontal crossbar connecting the second side portion and the fourth side portion; - a fifth horizontal crossbar connecting the fifth side portion and the seventh side portion; a sixth horizontal crossbar connecting the fifth side portion and the seventh side portion; a seventh horizontal crossbar connecting the sixth side portion and the eighth side portion; an eighth horizontal crossbar connecting the sixth side portion and the eighth side portion; - a first intermediate portion connecting the first side portion and the second side portion, and a second intermediate portion connecting the third side portion and the fourth side portion; The third intermediate portion connects the fifth and sixth side portions, and the fourth intermediate portion connects the seventh and eighth side portions.

[0011] These are the minimum elements required to create a sufficiently strong roll cage kit. This arrangement has the advantage of providing seating for occupants and aisles between the seats, as will be explained later in this specification. Similarly, the layout of these elements allows for the configuration of specific spaces or gaps for different functions, as will be explained below.

[0012] The spatial terms "side," "upper," "lower," "longitudinal," "transverse," and similar terms are added for better understanding and to distinguish the terms associated therewith. They relate to the arrangement of some elements relative to other elements when the kit is in its final position of use, and do not limit the characteristics of the elements associated therewith.

[0013] One advantage of this kit is that it uses simple structural elements to create a very strong structure that can be easily adapted to any space requirement by simply installing the elements that make up the kit where needed, creating two spaces for seats and space for an aisle between the seats, shortening the distance required along the length of the vehicle compared to conventional layouts.

[0014] Similarly, the present invention relates to a motor vehicle with either a freestanding or ladder-type chassis, comprising a chassis in which a first crossbar extends parallel to a second crossbar, both of which extend longitudinally along the vehicle and are joined by a first transverse bar, the present invention being characterized in that it comprises a roll cage kit as described, fixed to the first and second crossbars.

[0015] A ladder-type chassis typically consists of two crossbars or beams, but there may be more if the vehicle is large or has very high resistance requirements. Similarly, between the crossbars there is at least one transverse beam, but typically there are two or three, and more if necessary.

[0016] One advantage of this vehicle is that it can be easily constructed by simply attaching a roll cage kit to the chassis, providing a sufficiently rigid structure to accommodate two rows of seats and an aisle between them, while creating a total longitudinal dimension that can be shorter than when using a conventional kit.

[0017] This description is supplemented with a set of figures showing one particular example, without any limitation. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0018] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 is a top view of the completed roll cage kit. [Figure 2] 2 is a bottom perspective view of a vehicle with another embodiment of a roll cage kit having an additional arch compared to that of FIG. 1; FIG. [Figure 3] FIG. 3 is a top view of the vehicle of FIG. 2, including various objects inside the vehicle. [Figure 4] 10 is a top view of another embodiment of a roll cage kit having two additional arches compared to that of FIG. 1 or one additional arch compared to that of FIG. 2. FIG. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0019] FIG. 1 shows a roll cage kit, for a motor vehicle with a ladder-type chassis in the embodiment shown, but which can also be freestanding: it comprises four closed arches, namely a first (1), a second (2), a third (3) and a fourth (4) arches arranged in succession, specifically parallel to each other in the embodiment; - the first arch (1) comprises: a first side portion (1.1), followed by a first upper portion (1.2), followed by a second side portion (1.3); the second arch (2) comprises: a third side portion (2.1), followed by a second upper portion (2.2), followed by a fourth side portion (2.3); the third arch (3) comprises: a fifth side portion (3.1), followed by a third upper portion (3.2), followed by a sixth side portion (3.3); the fourth arch (4) comprises: a seventh side portion (4.1), followed by a fourth upper portion (4.2), followed by an eighth side portion (4.3).

[0020] The embodiment of Figure 1 also shows that a first upper longitudinal crossbar (7) connects the first upper portion (1.2) and the second upper portion (2.2); a second upper longitudinal crossbar (8) connects the second upper portion (2.2) and the third upper portion (3.2); and a third upper longitudinal crossbar (9) connects the third upper portion (3.2) and the fourth upper portion (4.2).

[0021] When the first upper longitudinal crossbar (7) connects the first upper section (1.2) and the second upper section (2.2), it can be at any point along them. Typically, it is located at one of the upper corners of the first arch (1), i.e., at the intersection between the first side section (1.1) and the first upper section (1.2), or at the intersection between the second side section (1.3) and the first upper section (1.2), but it can also be located up to 10 cm from these intersections or corners. The same applies to the second upper longitudinal crossbar (8) and the third upper longitudinal crossbar (9). In the embodiment shown, the first three upper longitudinal crossbars (7), i.e., one at each upper corner and one in the middle of the first arch (1), connect with their corresponding second upper longitudinal crossbar (8) and with their corresponding third upper longitudinal crossbar (9) to form a continuous crossbar along the kit.

[0022] Similarly, in the embodiment of FIG. 1, a first horizontal crossbar (12) connects the first side portion (1.1) with the third side portion (2.1); a second horizontal crossbar (13), which in the embodiment shown is parallel to the first horizontal crossbar (12), connects the first side portion (1.1) with the third side portion (2.1); a third horizontal crossbar (14) connects the second side portion (1.3) with the fourth side portion (2.3); and a fourth horizontal crossbar (15), which in the embodiment shown is parallel to the third horizontal crossbar (14), connects the second side portion (1.3) with the fourth side portion (2.3); - the fifth lateral crossbar (16) connects the fifth side portion (3.1) with the seventh side portion (4.1); the sixth lateral crossbar (17), which in the embodiment shown is parallel to the fifth lateral crossbar (16), connects the fifth side portion (3.1) with the seventh side portion (4.1); the seventh lateral crossbar (18) connects the sixth side portion (3.3) with the eighth side portion (4.3); and the eighth lateral crossbar (19), which in the embodiment shown is parallel to the seventh lateral crossbar (18), connects the sixth side portion (3.3) with the eighth side portion (4.3). These elements reinforce the kit and create space that can be used in a practical way, such as to allow for the preparation of an opening or window for an occupant, when the kit is placed in the vehicle, as described below.

[0023] Additionally, the embodiment of Figure 1 shows a first intermediate portion (20) connecting the first side portion (1.1) and the second side portion (1.3); a second intermediate portion (21) connecting the third side portion (2.1) and the fourth side portion (2.3); a third intermediate portion (22) connecting the fifth side portion (3.1) and the sixth side portion (3.3); and a fourth intermediate portion (23) connecting the seventh side portion (4.1) and the eighth side portion (4.3).

[0024] In the example shown, the four archways (1, 2, 3, 4) are closed, each comprising a first lower portion (1.4), a second lower portion (2.4), a third lower portion (3.4), and a fourth lower portion (4.4), which has the advantage of forming a closed structure that tends to be robust. Similarly, the example shows the option of the third arch (3) having a first connecting portion (3.5) and a second connecting portion (3.6), both of which extend from the third intermediate portion (22) to the third lower portion (3.4), so as not to interfere with the rear wheels of the vehicle. These options reflect that the lower portions of the four archways (1, 2, 3, 4) are of secondary importance and are configured according to the needs of each specific application.

[0025] Similarly, the embodiment of Figure 1 shows that a first lower longitudinal crossbar (5) at the bottom of the kit connects the second lower section (2.4), the third lower section (3.4), and the fourth lower section (4.4); in the embodiment shown, a second lower longitudinal crossbar (6), parallel to the first lower longitudinal crossbar (5), connects the second lower section (2.4), the third lower section (3.4), and the fourth lower section (4.4). These are not strictly necessary, but may be useful depending on the particular application.

[0026] Another useful option shown in the figures, which provides excellent structural reinforcement, is a fourth upper longitudinal beam (10), which runs parallel to the second upper longitudinal beam (8) and connects the second upper section (2.2) with the third upper section (3.2). Similarly, a fifth upper longitudinal beam (11) can be added, which runs parallel to the third upper longitudinal beam (9) and is shown connecting the third upper section (3.2) with the fourth upper section (4.2). In the embodiment shown, there are two fourth upper longitudinal crossbars (10) and two fifth upper longitudinal crossbars (11).

[0027] Another option shown in Figure 1 is that when a fourth upper longitudinal crossbar (10) and a fifth upper longitudinal crossbar (11) are present, they are aligned together. Furthermore, the fourth upper longitudinal crossbar (10) and the fifth upper longitudinal crossbar (11) can be hollow and accessible from the fourth upper part (4.2), so that they can be used to accommodate elongated elements such as a shovel handle (700) or similar in vehicles designed to transport firefighting services, as can be seen in Figure 3.

[0028] Similarly, other useful options for the structural reinforcement of the lower parts are mentioned below. The minimum elements for this reinforcement, already mentioned above for the closed arches, are listed individually: the second arch (2) also comprises a second lower part (2.4) connecting the third side part (2.1) with the fourth side part (2.3); the fourth arch (4) also comprises a fourth lower part (4.4) connecting the seventh side part (4.1) with the eighth side part (4.3); a first lower longitudinal crossbar (5) connecting the second lower part (2.4) with the fourth lower part (4.4); a second lower longitudinal crossbar (6) connecting the second lower part (2.4) with the fourth lower part (4.4) (Fig. 1). In addition, the first lower longitudinal crossbar (5) and / or the second lower longitudinal crossbar (6) are hollow and accessible from the fourth upper part (4.2), so that they can also be used to accommodate elongated elements (not shown). In fact, the first lower longitudinal crossbar (5) and / or the second lower longitudinal crossbar (6) can extend up to the fifth arch (24), as shown below; if the sixth arch (25) is the last arch towards the rear of the vehicle, it is not common for the first lower longitudinal crossbar (5) and / or the second lower longitudinal crossbar (6) to extend up to the sixth arch (25), because the objects that could be held would extend beyond the rear, which would be against normal traffic regulations.

[0029] Optionally, the kit also includes a fifth arch (24) (Figures 2 and 3) or even a sixth arch (25) (Figure 4). These additional arches (24) and (25) can either be connected to the other arches by crossbars or similar, forming a structural part of the kit, or be separate in terms of their structural configuration, providing storage and transport space as required by the application. The fifth arch (24) and the sixth arch (25) will be mentioned later in the vehicle description; the fifth arch (24) includes a ninth side section (24.1), followed by a fifth upper section (24.2), followed by a tenth side section (24.3), and in the shown option, it is closed, thus including a fifth lower section (24.4) (Figure 2). This is appropriate when the overall length of the vehicle, after accommodating the minimum necessary roll cage kit as described above, leaves space for storage or other functions. In the arrangement of Figures 2 and 3, the fifth arch (24) is separated from the previous arch, thereby creating an open space between them, but the third upper longitudinal crossbar (9) can extend to the fifth arch (24) as shown in Figure 3 to create a sturdy structure.

[0030] Some measurements that are particularly useful are: height of the first (1), second (2), third (3) and fourth (4) arches: 1200-1600mm, width of 1600-2200mm, distance between the first arch (1) and second arch (2): 200-600mm, distance between the second arch (2) and third arch (3): 450-800mm, distance between the third arch (3) and fourth arch (4): 200-600mm.

[0031] Figures 2 to 4 partially show a motor vehicle with a ladder-type chassis, which comprises a chassis (100) and a first crossbar (101) extending parallel to a second crossbar (102), both of which run the length of the vehicle and are joined by a first transverse beam (103) (Figure 2), although it can include more transverse beams, such as the second transverse beam (104) shown, with a roll cage kit, as mentioned, fixed to the first crossbar (101) and second crossbar (102).

[0032] This kit can be fixed directly to the chassis or using the bracket (105) shown in Figure 2 as well as some other elements adapted for "Silent Block" type shock absorbers.

[0033] As can be seen in Figures 2 and 3, the first row of seats (200) is arranged facing in the opposite direction to the direction of travel of the vehicle and is fixed to or supported by the first crossbar (101) and the second crossbar (102) and / or the first intermediate section (20) and the second intermediate section (21). To this can be added the second row of seats (300) facing in the direction of travel of the vehicle and is also fixed to or supported by the first crossbar (101) and the second crossbar (102) and / or the third intermediate section (22) and the fourth intermediate section (23).

[0034] As can be seen in Figures 2 and 3, the first panel (110) is installed between the first arch (1) and the second arch (2) and is fixed or supported by the first crossbar (101) and the second crossbar (102), thereby creating a cavity for storing objects. In Figure 3, it can be seen that a fuel tank (400) is installed, and the created cavity can be closed and made watertight, which is advantageous for storing hazardous materials.

[0035] Additional panels may be added (FIG. 2), such as a second panel (120) extending between the second arch (2) and the third arch (3) and secured to or supported by the first crossbar (101) and the second crossbar (102), and a third panel (130) extending between the third arch (3) and the fourth arch (4) and secured to or supported by the first crossbar (101) and the second crossbar (102), to form the floor of the passenger compartment of the vehicle.

[0036] Another option is to include in the kit a fifth arch (24) (Figs. 2-4), which has a ninth side section (24.1), followed by a fifth upper section (24.2) and a tenth side section (24.3). Closing options include a fifth lower section (24.4), as shown here (Figs. 2 and 4); this allows for the installation of a fourth panel (140) extending between the fourth arch (4) and the fifth arch (24) and secured or supported by the first crossbar (101) and the second crossbar (102), as well as the installation of a vertically hinged door (170) (Figs. 2 and 3). That is, the horizontal hinges are either rotatably secured to the ninth and tenth side sections (24.1) and (24.3) or to the fifth lower section (24.4). The vertical folding door (170) is very practical because it can be used as a horizontal work surface with the option to fasten a screw-in desktop and as a setup platform.

[0037] As can be seen in Figure 3, the space created between the fourth arch (4) and the fifth arch (24) is a storage space suitable for various objects such as tools or tanks (600) or sprayers (800) containing agricultural or fire protection materials. At the bottom, as a safety measure, another panel, the sixth panel (160), can be added to the fourth panel (140), which faces outwards from the vehicle and holds dangerous materials such as explosives (500).

[0038] Another option shown in Figure 4 is that in addition to the fifth arch (24), the chassis kit also includes a sixth arch (25), which includes an eleventh side section (25.1), followed by a sixth upper section (25.2) and a twelfth side section (25.3), optionally followed in the drawing by a sixth lower section (25.4); this allows for the installation of a fifth plate (150) (Figure 4) extending between the fifth arch (24) and the sixth arch (25) and fixed or supported on the first crossbar (101) and the second crossbar (102), and a vertically hinged door (not shown); the hinged door can be pivotally mounted on the seventh side section (25.1) and the twelfth side section (25.3) or on the sixth lower section (25.4), with the aforementioned high practical use. This is because it can be used as a horizontal work surface with a screw-in desktop and as a setup platform.

Claims

1. A roll cage kit for a vehicle with a chassis, characterized in that it comprises four arches, namely a first (1), a second (2), a third (3) and a fourth arch arranged in succession, The first arch (1) comprises a first side portion (1.1), followed by a first top portion (1.2), followed by a second side portion (1.3); the second arch (2) comprises a third side portion (2.1), followed by a second top portion (2.2), followed by a fourth side portion (2.3); the third arch (3) comprises a fifth side portion (3.1), followed by a third top portion (3.2), followed by a sixth side portion (3.3); the fourth arch (4) comprises a seventh side portion (4.1), followed by a fourth top portion (4.2), followed by an eighth side portion (4.3); a first upper longitudinal crossbar (7) connecting the first upper part (1.2) and the second upper part (2.2), a second upper longitudinal crossbar (8) connecting the second upper part (2.2) and the third upper part (3.2), and a third upper longitudinal crossbar (9) connecting the third upper part (3.2) and the fourth upper part (4.2); a first lateral crossbar (12) connecting the first side portion (1.1) and the third side portion (2.1), a second lateral crossbar (13) connecting the first side portion (1.1) and the third side portion (2.1), a third lateral crossbar (14) connecting the second side portion (1.3) and the fourth side portion (2.3), and a fourth lateral crossbar (15) connecting the second side portion (1.3) and the fourth side portion (2.3); a fifth lateral crossbar (16) connecting the fifth side portion (3.1) and the seventh side portion (4.1); a sixth lateral crossbar (17) connecting the fifth side portion (3.1) and the seventh side portion (4.1); a seventh lateral crossbar (18) connecting the sixth side portion (3.3) and the eighth side portion (4.3); and an eighth lateral crossbar (19) connecting the sixth side portion (3.3) and the eighth side portion (4.3); a first intermediate portion (20) connecting the first side portion (1.1) and the second side portion (1.3), and a second intermediate portion (21) connecting the third side portion (2.1) and the fourth side portion (2.3); a third intermediate portion (22) connecting the fifth side portion (3.1) and the sixth side portion (3.3), and a fourth intermediate portion (23) connecting the seventh side portion (4.1) and the eighth side portion (4.3); Roll cage kit for vehicle with chassis.

2. 2. A roll cage kit for a vehicle with a chassis according to claim 1, wherein a fourth upper longitudinal crossbar (10) connects the second upper part (2.2) and the third upper part (3.2) and / or a fifth upper longitudinal crossbar (11) connects the third upper part (3.2) and the fourth upper part (4.2).

3. 3. The roll cage kit for a vehicle with a chassis according to claim 2, wherein when the fourth upper longitudinal crossbar (10) and the fifth upper longitudinal crossbar (11) are present, they are aligned together.

4. 3. A roll cage kit for a vehicle with a chassis according to claim 2, wherein the fourth upper longitudinal crossbar (10) and the fifth upper longitudinal crossbar (11) are hollow and accessible from the fourth upper part (4.2).

5. 2. A roll cage kit for a vehicle with a chassis according to claim 1, wherein the second arch (2) also comprises a second lower portion (2.4) which connects the third side portion (2.1) and the fourth side portion (2.3), the fourth arch (4) also comprises a fourth lower portion (4.4) which connects the seventh side portion (4.1) and the eighth side portion (4.3), a first lower longitudinal crossbar (5) which connects the second lower portion (2.4) and the fourth lower portion (4.4), and a second lower longitudinal crossbar (6) which connects the second lower portion (2.4) and the fourth lower portion (4.4).

6. 6. A roll cage kit for a vehicle with a chassis according to claim 5, wherein the first lower longitudinal crossbar (5) and / or the second lower longitudinal crossbar (6) are hollow and accessible from the fourth upper part (4.2).

7. 2. The roll cage kit for a vehicle with chassis according to claim 1, wherein the height of the first (1), second (2), third (3) and fourth (4) arches is 1200-1600mm, the width is 1600-2200mm, the distance between the first arch (1) and the second arch (2) is 200-600mm, the distance between the second arch (2) and the third arch (3) is 450-800mm, and the distance between the third arch (3) and the fourth arch (4) is 200-600mm.

8. 10. A vehicle with a chassis, characterized in that it comprises a chassis (100) with a first crossbar (101) extending parallel to a second crossbar (102), said crossbars extending longitudinally along the vehicle and being joined by a first transverse beam (103), wherein the motor vehicle is fixed to the first crossbar (101) and the second crossbar (102), and further characterized in that it comprises a roll cage kit according to claim 1.

9. 9. A vehicle with a chassis according to claim 8, wherein there is a first row of seats (200) facing in the opposite direction to the direction of movement of the vehicle and fixed or supported on the first crossbar (101) and the second crossbar (102) and / or on the first intermediate portion (20) and the second intermediate portion (21).

10. 10. A vehicle with a chassis according to claim 9, wherein there is a second row of seats (300) facing the direction of movement of the vehicle and fixed or supported on the first crossbar (101) and the second crossbar (102) and / or on the third intermediate portion (22) and the fourth intermediate portion (23).

11. 9. A vehicle with a chassis according to claim 8, wherein there is a first panel (110) extending between the first arch (1) and the second arch (2) and fixed or supported by the first crossbar (101) and the second crossbar (102), a second panel (120) extending between the second arch (2) and the third arch (3) and fixed or supported by the first crossbar (101) and the second crossbar (102), and a third panel (130) extending between the third arch (3) and the fourth arch (4) and fixed or supported by the first crossbar (101) and the second crossbar (102).

12. 12. A vehicle with a chassis according to claim 11, wherein the chassis kit also comprises a fifth arch (24) including a ninth side portion (24.1), followed by a fifth upper portion (24.2) and a tenth side portion (24.3).

13. 13. A vehicle with a chassis according to claim 12, also comprising a fourth panel (140) extending between the fourth arch (4) and the fifth arch (24) and fixed to or supported by the first crossbar (101) and the second crossbar (102).

14. 13. A vehicle with a chassis according to claim 12, wherein a vertically hinged door (170) is fixed to rotate to the ninth and tenth side portions (24.1) and (24.3), or fixed to rotate to the fifth lower portion (24.4) when the fifth lower portion (24.4) is connected to the ninth and tenth side portions (24.1) and (24.3).

15. 13. A vehicle with a chassis according to claim 12, wherein the chassis kit also comprises a sixth arch (25) including an eleventh side portion (25.1), followed by a sixth upper portion (25.2) and a twelfth side portion (25.3).

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