Triggering candidate cell CQI reporting

Abstract

The WTRU may receive configuration information associated with a neighboring cell, including an indication of a first type measurement, a second type measurement, and / or a reporting condition associated with the first type measurement. The first type measurement and the second type measurement may be L1 measurements. The WTRU may perform measurements associated with the first type measurement on the neighboring cell. The WTRU may determine, based on the measurements, that a reporting condition for the neighboring cell is met. The WTRU may send a request to activate a second type measurement on the neighboring cell. The WTRU may receive an activation command to report measurements associated with the second type of the neighboring cell. The WTRU may perform measurements associated with the second type on the neighboring cell and send a report indicating one or more measurements associated with the second type measurement.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] (CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS) This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 410,800, filed September 28, 2022, U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 421,780, filed November 2, 2022, and U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 445,526, filed February 14, 2023, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. [Background technology]

[0002] To perform fast switching between cells, especially between SpCells (e.g., PCells and / or PSCells), some pre-configuration of the candidate cell may be required at the RRC layer, so that the target SpCell configuration may be applied upon receiving an indication from L1 / 2. The candidate cell may have at least one of an SpCell configuration and an SCell configuration, which may be dynamically applied based on an indication at a lower layer, either MAC CE or DCI.

[0003] However, frequent CSI reporting, especially for multiple beams on multiple neighboring cells, can result in significant uplink signaling overhead. In addition, if many non-serving cells / beams need to be frequently measured and reported, the wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU) processing load may become large. Summary of the Invention

[0004] A wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU) may receive one or more measurement and reporting configurations of a first type and one or more measurement configurations of a second type. The WTRU may associate the first and second type measurements based on a condition. For example, when a condition based on the first type measurement is met, the second type measurement may be initiated. The WTRU may perform the first type measurement. The WTRU may evaluate a condition associated with the first type measurement. The WTRU may perform the second type measurement (e.g., when a condition associated with the first type measurement is met). Dynamic configuration of the QCL source and / or SSB resources of the CSI SSB resource set for the TCI state may be performed based on, for example, the WTRU autonomously detecting the best SSB resource.

[0005] The WTRU may receive configuration information associated with one or more neighboring cells from a serving cell (e.g., a network). The configuration information may include an indication of a first type of measurement, an indication of a second type of measurement, and / or an indication of a reporting condition associated with the first type of measurement. For example, the first type of measurement may be a synchronization signal block (SSB) measurement, and the reporting condition may be a Layer 1 (L1) measurement event trigger condition. The configuration information may include configuration information for the first type of measurement and the second type of measurement for each of a plurality of neighboring cells.

[0006] The WTRU may perform measurements associated with a first type of measurement on one of the one or more neighboring cells. The WTRU may determine, based on the measurements associated with the first type of measurement, that a reporting condition is met for the neighboring cell. The WTRU may send a request to the serving cell to activate a second type of measurement for the neighboring cell based on the determination that the reporting condition is met for the neighboring cell. This request may be included in a MAC CE and / or a scheduling request.

[0007] The WTRU may receive an activation command from the serving cell reporting measurements associated with a second type of measurement of a neighboring cell. The activation command may be received in one or more of a DCI or a MAC CE. The WTRU may perform measurements associated with the second type of measurement on the neighboring cell and send a report to the serving cell indicating one or more measurement values ​​associated with the second type of measurement. The second type of measurement may include a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS)-based measurement of one or more beams associated with the neighboring cell. The first type of measurement and the second type of measurement may be L1 measurements. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0008] [Figure 1A] FIG. 1 is a system diagram illustrating an example communication system in which one or more disclosed embodiments may be implemented.

[0009] [Figure 1B] 1B is a system diagram illustrating an exemplary wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU) that may be used within the communications system shown in FIG. 1A, according to one embodiment.

[0010] [Figure 1C] 1B is a system diagram illustrating an example radio access network (RAN) and an example core network (CN) that may be used within the communication system shown in FIG. 1A, according to one embodiment.

[0011] [Figure 1D] 1B is a system diagram illustrating a further example RAN and a further example CN that may be used within the communication system shown in FIG. 1A, according to one embodiment.

[0012] [Figure 2] FIG. 1 illustrates an example of a high-level measurement model.

[0013] [Figure 3] FIG. 1 illustrates an example of a handover scenario.

[0014] [Figure 4] FIG. 1 illustrates an example of the configuration and execution of a conditional handover.

[0015] [Figure 5] FIG. 1 illustrates an example of L1 / 2 inter-cell mobility operation using carrier aggregation, whereby candidate cell groups are configured by RRC and dynamic switching between PCell and SCell is achieved using L1 / 2 signaling.

[0016] [Figure 6] FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating an example of a CSI report.

[0017] [Figure 7] FIG. 10 illustrates an example of WTRU-controlled CSI reporting activation.

[0018] [Figure 8] FIG. 1 illustrates an example of network-controlled CSI reporting activation.

[0019] [Figure 9] FIG. 10 shows an example of WTRU autonomous CSI reporting in L1.

[0020] [Figure 10] FIG. 1 illustrates an example of network-controlled CSI reporting activation in L1. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0021] 1A illustrates an exemplary communication system 100 in which one or more disclosed embodiments may be implemented. The communication system 100 may be a multiple-access system that provides content, such as voice, data, video, messaging, broadcasts, etc., to multiple wireless users. The communication system 100 may enable the multiple wireless users to access such content through the sharing of system resources, including wireless bandwidth. For example, the communication system 100 may employ one or more channel access methods, such as code division multiple access (CDMA), time division multiple access (TDMA), frequency division multiple access (FDMA), orthogonal FDMA (OFDMA), single-carrier FDMA (SC-FDMA), zero-tailed unique word DFT spread OFDM (ZT UW DTS-s OFDM), unique word OFDM (UW-OFDM), resource block filtered OFDM, filter bank multicarrier (FBMC), etc.

[0022] 1A, communications system 100 may include wireless transmit / receive units (WTRUs) 102a, 102b, 102c, and 102d, RANs 104 / 113, CNs 106 / 115, public switched telephone networks (PSTNs) 108, the Internet 110, and other networks 112, although it will be understood that the disclosed embodiments contemplate any number of WTRUs, base stations, networks, and / or network elements. Each of WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, and 102d may be any type of device configured to operate and / or communicate in a wireless environment. For example, the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d, all of which may be referred to as “stations” and / or “STAs,” may be configured to transmit and / or receive wireless signals and may include user equipment (UE), mobile stations, fixed or mobile subscriber units, subscription-based units, pagers, cellular phones, personal digital assistants (PDAs), smartphones, laptops, notebooks, personal computers, wireless sensors, hotspot or Mi-Fi devices, IoT devices, watches or other wearables, head-mounted displays (HMDs), vehicles, drones, medical devices and applications (e.g., remote surgery), industrial devices and applications (e.g., robots and / or other wireless devices operating in the context of industrial and / or automated processing chains), consumer electronic devices, devices operating on commercial and / or industrial wireless networks, etc. The WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, and 102d may all be referred to interchangeably as UEs.

[0023] The communications system 100 may also include a base station 114a and / or a base station 114b. Each of the base stations 114a, 114b may be any type of device configured to wirelessly interface with at least one of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d to facilitate access to one or more communications networks, such as the CN 106 / 115, the Internet 110, and / or other networks 112. By way of example, the base stations 114a, 114b may be a base transceiver station (BTS), a NodeB, an eNodeB, a home NodeB, a home eNodeB, a gNB, an NR NodeB, a site controller, an access point (AP), a wireless router, etc. Although the base stations 114a, 114b are each depicted as a single element, it will be understood that the base stations 114a, 114b may include any number of interconnected base stations and / or network elements.

[0024] The base station 114a may be part of the RAN 104 / 113, which may also include other base stations and / or network elements (not shown), such as a base station controller (BSC), a radio network controller (RNC), relay nodes, etc. The base station 114a and / or base station 114b may be configured to transmit and / or receive wireless signals on one or more carrier frequencies, which may be referred to as a cell (not shown). These frequencies may be licensed spectrum, unlicensed spectrum, or a combination of licensed and unlicensed spectrum. A cell may provide coverage for wireless services in a particular geographic area, which may be relatively fixed or may change over time. A cell may be further divided into cell sectors. For example, the cell associated with the base station 114a may be divided into three sectors. Thus, in one embodiment, the base station 114a may include three transceivers, i.e., one transceiver for each sector of the cell. In one embodiment, the base station 114a may employ multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) technology and may utilize multiple transceivers per sector of the cell. For example, beamforming may be used to transmit and / or receive signals in desired spatial directions.

[0025] The base stations 114a, 114b may communicate with one or more of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d over an air interface 116, which may be any suitable wireless communication link (e.g., radio frequency (RF), microwave, centimeter wave, micrometer wave, infrared (IR), ultraviolet (UV), visible light, etc.). The air interface 116 may be established using any suitable radio access technology (RAT).

[0026] More particularly, as noted above, the communications system 100 may be a multiple-access system and may employ one or more channel access schemes, such as CDMA, TDMA, FDMA, OFDMA, SC-FDMA, etc. For example, the base stations 114a and WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c in the RANs 104 / 113 may implement a radio technology such as Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) Terrestrial Radio Access (UTRA), which may establish the air interface 115 / 116 / 117 using Wideband CDMA (WCDMA). WCDMA may include communications protocols such as High Speed ​​Packet Access (HSPA) and / or Evolved HSPA (HSPA+). HSPA may include High Speed ​​Downlink (DL) Packet Access (HSDPA) and / or High Speed ​​UL Packet Access (HSUPA).

[0027] In one embodiment, the base station 114a and the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement a radio technology such as Evolved UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA), which may establish the air interface 116 using Long Term Evolution (LTE) and / or LTE Advanced (LTE-A) and / or LTE Advanced Pro (LTE-A Pro).

[0028] In one embodiment, the base station 114a and the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement a radio technology such as New Radio (NR) radio access, which may establish the air interface 116 using NR.

[0029] In one embodiment, the base station 114a and the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement multiple radio access technologies. For example, the base station 114a and the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may jointly implement LTE and NR radio access, e.g., using a dual connectivity (DC) principle. Thus, the air interface utilized by the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may be characterized by multiple types of radio access technologies and / or transmissions sent to and from multiple types of base stations (e.g., eNBs and gNBs).

[0030] In other embodiments, the base station 114a and the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement a wireless technology such as IEEE 802.11 (i.e., Wireless Fidelity (WiFi)), IEEE 802.16 (i.e., Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX)), CDMA2000, CDMA2000 1X, CDMA2000 EV-DO, Interim Standard 2000 (IS-2000), Interim Standard 95 (IS-95), Interim Standard 856 (IS-856), Global System for Mobile communications (GSM), Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE), GSM EDGE (GERAN), or the like.

[0031] 1A may be, for example, a wireless router, a Home NodeB, a Home eNodeB, or an access point and may utilize any suitable RAT to facilitate wireless connectivity in a local area, such as a workplace, a home, a vehicle, a premises, an industrial facility, an air corridor (e.g., for use by drones), a road, etc. In one embodiment, the base station 114b and the WTRUs 102c, 102d may implement a radio technology such as IEEE 802.11 to establish a wireless local area network (WLAN). In one embodiment, the base station 114b and the WTRUs 102c, 102d may implement a radio technology such as IEEE 802.15 to establish a wireless personal area network (WPAN). In yet another embodiment, the base station 114b and the WTRUs 102c, 102d may utilize a cellular-based RAT (e.g., WCDMA, CDMA2000, GSM, LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, NR, etc.) to establish a picocell or femtocell. 1A, the base station 114b may have a direct connection to the Internet 110. Therefore, the base station 114b may not need to access the Internet 110 via the CN 106 / 115.

[0032] The RAN 104 / 113 may be in communication with the CN 106 / 115, which may be any type of network configured to provide voice, data, application, and / or VoIP services to one or more of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, and 102d. The data may have various quality of service (QoS) requirements, such as different throughput, latency, error resilience, reliability, data throughput, and mobility requirements. The CN 106 / 115 may provide call control, billing services, mobile location services, prepaid calling, Internet connectivity, video distribution, and / or perform high-level security functions such as user authentication. Although not shown in FIG. 1A , it will be understood that the RAN 104 / 113 and / or the CN 106 / 115 may be in direct or indirect communication with other RANs employing the same RAT as the RAN 104 / 113 or a different RAT. For example, in addition to being connected to the RAN 104 / 113, which may utilize NR radio technology, the CN 106 / 115 may also be in communication with another RAN (not shown) that employs GSM, UMTS, CDMA2000, WiMAX, E-UTRA, or WiFi radio technology.

[0033] The CNs 106 / 115 may also serve as gateways for the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d to access the PSTN 108, the Internet 110, and / or other networks 112. The PSTN 108 may include a circuit-switched telephone network providing plain old telephone service (POTS). The Internet 110 may include a global system of interconnected computer networks and devices that use common communication protocols, such as TCP, UDP, and / or IP in the TCP / IP Internet protocol suite. The networks 112 may include wired and / or wireless communication networks owned and / or operated by other service providers. For example, the network 112 may include another CN connected to one or more RANs, which may employ the same RAT as the RANs 104 / 113 or a different RAT.

[0034] Some or all of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d in the communications system 100 may include multi-mode capabilities (e.g., the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d may include multiple transceivers for communicating with different wireless networks over different wireless links). For example, the WTRU 102c shown in FIG. 1A may be configured to communicate with a base station 114a, which may employ a cellular-based wireless technology, and with a base station 114b, which may employ an IEEE 802.2 wireless technology.

[0035] 1B is a system diagram illustrating an example of a WTRU 102. As shown in FIG. 1B, the WTRU 102 may include, among other things, a processor 118, a transceiver 120, a transmit / receive element 122, a speaker / microphone 124, a keypad 126, a display / touchpad 128, non-removable memory 130, removable memory 132, a power source 134, a GPS chipset 136, and / or other peripherals 138. It will be understood that the WTRU 102 may include any subcombination of the foregoing elements while remaining consistent with an embodiment.

[0036] The processor 118 may be a general-purpose processor, a special-purpose processor, a conventional processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), multiple microprocessors, one or more microprocessors associated with a DSP core, a controller, a microcontroller, an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field programmable gate array (FPGA) circuit, other types of integrated circuits (ICs), a state machine, etc. The processor 118 may perform signal coding, data processing, power control, input / output processing, and / or any other functionality that enables the WTRU 102 to operate in a wireless environment. The processor 118 may be coupled to the transceiver 120, which may be coupled to the transmit / receive element 122. While FIG. 1B depicts the processor 118 and the transceiver 120 as separate components, it will be understood that the processor 118 and the transceiver 120 may be integrated together in an electronic package or chip.

[0037] The transmit / receive element 122 may be configured to transmit and receive signals to and from a base station (e.g., base station 114a) over the air interface 116. For example, in one embodiment, the transmit / receive element 122 may be an antenna configured to transmit and / or receive RF signals. In one embodiment, the transmit / receive element 122 may be an emitter / detector configured to transmit and / or receive IR, UV, or visible light signals, for example. In yet another embodiment, the transmit / receive element 122 may be configured to transmit and / or receive both RF and light signals. It will be understood that the transmit / receive element 122 may be configured to transmit and / or receive any combination of wireless signals.

[0038] 1B depicts the transmit / receive element 122 as a single element, the WTRU 102 may include any number of transmit / receive elements 122. More particularly, the WTRU 102 may employ MIMO technology. Thus, in one embodiment, the WTRU 102 may include two or more transmit / receive elements 122 (e.g., multiple antennas) for transmitting and receiving wireless signals over the air interface 116.

[0039] The transceiver 120 may be configured to modulate signals to be transmitted by the transmit / receive element 122 and to demodulate signals received by the transmit / receive element 122. As mentioned above, the WTRU 102 may have multi-mode capabilities. Thus, the transceiver 120 may include multiple transceivers to enable the WTRU 102 to communicate via multiple RATs, such as, for example, NR and IEEE 802.11.

[0040] The processor 118 of the WTRU 102 may be coupled to and may receive user input data from a speaker / microphone 124, a keypad 126, and / or a display / touchpad 128 (e.g., a liquid crystal display (LCD) display unit or an organic light emitting diode (OLED) display unit). The processor 118 may also output user data to the speaker / microphone 124, the keypad 126, and / or the display / touchpad 128. Furthermore, the processor 118 may access information and store data in any type of suitable memory, such as non-removable memory 130 and / or removable memory 132. The non-removable memory 130 may include RAM, ROM, a hard disk, or any other type of memory storage device. The removable memory 132 may include a SIM card, a memory stick, a secure digital (SD) memory card, etc. In other embodiments, the processor 118 may access information and store data in memory that is not physically located on the WTRU 102, such as on a server or home computer (not shown).

[0041] The processor 118 may receive power from the power source 134 and may be configured to distribute and / or control the power to other components in the WTRU 102. The power source 134 may be any suitable device for powering the WTRU 102. For example, the power source 134 may include one or more dry cell batteries (e.g., nickel-cadmium (NiCd), nickel-zinc (NiZn), nickel-metal hydride (NiMH), lithium-ion (Li-ion), etc.), solar cells, fuel cells, etc.

[0042] The processor 118 may also be coupled to a GPS chipset 136, which may be configured to provide location information (e.g., longitude and latitude) regarding the current location of the WTRU 102. In addition to, or instead of, information from the GPS chipset 136, the WTRU 102 may receive location information from base stations (e.g., base stations 114a, 114b) over the air interface 116 and / or determine its location based on the timing of signals received from two or more nearby base stations. It will be appreciated that the WTRU 102 may obtain location information by way of any suitable location-determination method while remaining consistent with an embodiment.

[0043] The processor 118 may also be coupled to other peripherals 138, which may include one or more software and / or hardware modules that provide additional features, functionality, and / or wired or wireless connectivity. For example, the peripherals 138 may include an accelerometer, an e-compass, a satellite transceiver, a digital camera (for photos and / or videos), a universal serial bus (USB) port, a vibration device, a television transceiver, a hands-free headset, a Bluetooth module, a frequency modulation (FM) radio unit, a digital music player, a media player, a video game player module, an internet browser, a virtual reality and / or augmented reality (VR / AR) device, an activity tracker, etc. The peripherals 138 may include one or more sensors. The sensors may be one or more of a gyroscope, an accelerometer, a Hall effect sensor, a magnetometer, an orientation sensor, a proximity sensor, a temperature sensor, a time sensor, a geolocation sensor, an altimeter, a light sensor, a touch sensor, a magnetometer, a barometer, a gesture sensor, a biometric sensor, and / or a humidity sensor.

[0044] The WTRU 102 may include a full-duplex radio where transmission and reception of some or all of the signals (e.g., associated with a particular subframe for both the UL (e.g., for transmission) and the downlink (e.g., for reception)) may be parallel and / or simultaneous. The full-duplex radio may include an interference management unit 139 to reduce and / or substantially eliminate self-interference through either hardware (e.g., chokes) or signal processing via a processor (e.g., a separate processor (not shown) or processor 118). In one embodiment, the WTRU 102 may include a half-duplex radio for transmission and reception of some or all of the signals (e.g., associated with a particular subframe for either the UL (e.g., for transmission) or the downlink (e.g., for reception)).

[0045] 1C is a system diagram illustrating the RAN 104 and the CN 106, according to one embodiment. As noted above, the RAN 104 may employ E-UTRA radio technology to communicate with the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c over the air interface 116. The RAN 104 may also be in communication with the CN 106.

[0046] The RAN 104 may include eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, and 160c, although it will be understood that the RAN 104 may include any number of eNode-Bs while remaining consistent with an embodiment. The eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, and 160c may each include one or more transceivers for communicating with the WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c over the air interface 116. In one embodiment, the eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, and 160c may implement MIMO technology. Thus, the eNode-B 160a, for example, may use multiple antennas to transmit wireless signals to and / or receive wireless signals from the WTRU 102a.

[0047] Each of the eNodeBs 160a, 160b, 160c may be associated with a particular cell (not shown) and may be configured to handle radio resource management decisions, handover decisions, scheduling of users in the UL and / or DL, etc. As shown in FIG. 1C, the eNodeBs 160a, 160b, 160c may communicate with each other via an X2 interface.

[0048] 1C may include a mobility management entity (MME) 162, a serving gateway (SGW) 164, and a packet data network (PDN) gateway (or PGW) 166. While each of the above elements is shown as part of the CN 106, it will be understood that any of these elements may be owned and / or operated by an entity other than the CN operator.

[0049] The MME 162 may be connected to each of the eNodeBs 160a, 160b, 160c in the RAN 104 via an S1 interface and may act as a control node. For example, the MME 162 may be responsible for authenticating users of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, activating / deactivating bearers, selecting a particular serving gateway during initial attach of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, etc. The MME 162 may provide a control plane function for switching between the RAN 104 and other RANs (not shown) that employ other radio technologies such as GSM and / or WCDMA.

[0050] The SGW 164 may be connected to each of the eNodeBs 160a, 160b, 160c in the RAN 104 via an S1 interface. The SGW 164 may generally route and forward user data packets to and from the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c. The SGW 164 may perform other functions such as anchoring the user plane during handovers between eNodeBs, triggering paging when DL data is available to the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, and managing and storing the context of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c.

[0051] The SGW 164 may be connected to a PGW 166 that may provide the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c with access to packet-switched networks, such as the Internet 110, to facilitate communications between the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c and IP-enabled devices.

[0052] The CN 106 may facilitate communications with other networks. For example, the CN 106 may provide the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c with access to circuit-switched networks, such as the PSTN 108, to facilitate communications between the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c and traditional fixed communication devices. For example, the CN 106 may include or communicate with an IP gateway (e.g., an IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) server) that acts as an interface between the CN 106 and the PSTN 108. Additionally, the CN 106 may provide the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c with access to other networks 112, which may include other wired and / or wireless networks owned and / or operated by other service providers.

[0053] Although the WTRU is depicted in FIGS. 1A-1D as a wireless terminal, it is contemplated that in some representative embodiments such a terminal may use a wired communication interface with the communication network (e.g., temporarily or permanently).

[0054] In an exemplary embodiment, the other network 112 may be a WLAN.

[0055] A WLAN in infrastructure basic service set (BSS) mode has an access point (AP) for the BSS and one or more stations (STAs) associated with the AP. The AP may have access or an interface to a distribution system (DS) or another type of wired / wireless network that carries traffic to and / or from the BSS. Traffic to a STA originating from outside the BSS may arrive through the AP and be sent to the STA. Traffic originating from a STA to a destination outside the BSS may be sent to the AP and delivered to the respective destination. Traffic between STAs within a BSS may be sent through the AP; for example, a source STA may send traffic to the AP, which then delivers the traffic to the destination STA. Traffic between STAs within a BSS may be considered or referred to as peer-to-peer traffic. Peer-to-peer traffic may be sent (e.g., directly) between a source STA and a destination STA using direct link setup (DLS). In certain representative embodiments, the DLS may use 802.11e DLS or 802.11z tunneled DLS (TDLS). A WLAN using an Independent BSS (IBSS) mode may not have an AP, and STAs within or using the IBSS (e.g., all STAs) may communicate directly with each other. The IBSS communication mode is sometimes referred to herein as an "ad hoc" communication mode.

[0056] When using 802.11ac infrastructure mode operation or a similar mode of operation, an AP may transmit beacons on a fixed channel, such as a primary channel. The primary channel may be a fixed width (e.g., a wide 20 MHz bandwidth) or a width dynamically set via signaling. The primary channel may be the operating channel of the BSS and may be used by STAs to establish a connection with the AP. In certain representative embodiments, carrier sense multiple access with collision avoidance (CSMA / CA) may be implemented, for example, in an 802.11 system. With CSMA / CA, STAs (e.g., all STAs), including the AP, may sense the primary channel. If the primary channel is sensed / detected by a particular STA and / or determined to be busy, the particular STA may back off. One STA (e.g., only one station) may transmit on a given BSS at any time.

[0057] High-throughput (HT) STAs may use 40 MHz wide channels for communication, for example, by combining a primary 20 MHz channel with adjacent or non-adjacent 20 MHz channels to form the 40 MHz wide channel.

[0058] A Very High Throughput (VHT) STA can support channels of 20 MHz, 40 MHz, 80 MHz, and / or 160 MHz width. A 40 MHz and / or 80 MHz channel can be formed by combining contiguous 20 MHz channels. A 160 MHz channel can be formed by combining eight contiguous 20 MHz channels or two non-contiguous 80 MHz channels, sometimes referred to as an 80+80 configuration. In the 80+80 configuration, the channel-encoded data passes through a segment parser, which splits the data into two streams. Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) processing and time-domain processing can be performed separately on each stream. The streams are mapped to two 80 MHz channels, and the data is transmitted by the transmitting STA. At the receiver of the receiving STA, the above operations for the 80+80 configuration can be reversed, and the combined data can be transmitted to the Medium Access Control (MAC).

[0059] Sub-1 GHz operating modes are supported by 802.11af and 802.11ah. The channel operating bandwidths and carriers are reduced in 802.11af and 802.11ah compared to those used in 802.11n and 802.11ac. 802.11af supports 5 MHz, 10 MHz, and 20 MHz bandwidths in the TV White Space (TVWS) spectrum, while 802.11ah supports 1 MHz, 2 MHz, 4 MHz, 8 MHz, and 16 MHz bandwidths using non-TVWS spectrum. According to representative embodiments, 802.11ah can support meter-type control / machine-type communications, such as MTC devices in macro coverage areas. MTC devices may have limited functionality, including specific features, such as support for (e.g., support only) specific and / or limited bandwidths. MTC devices may include batteries with above-threshold battery life (e.g., maintain very long battery life).

[0060] A WLAN system may support multiple channels and channel bandwidths, such as 802.11n, 802.11ac, 802.11af, and 802.11ah, and the WLAN system includes a channel that may be designated as a primary channel. The bandwidth of the primary channel may be equal to the largest common operating bandwidth supported by all STAs in a BSS. The bandwidth of the primary channel may be configured and / or limited by the STA from among all STAs operating in the BSS that support the smallest bandwidth operating mode. In an 802.11ah example, the primary channel of a STA (e.g., an MTC-type device) that supports (e.g., only supports) 1 MHz mode may be 1 MHz wide, even if the AP and other STAs in the BSS support 2 MHz, 4 MHz, 8 MHz, 16 MHz, and / or other channel bandwidth operating modes. Carrier sensing and / or network allocation vector (NAV) configuration may depend on the status of the primary channel. For example, if the primary channel is busy because a STA (that only supports a 1 MHz mode of operation) is transmitting to the AP, the entire available frequency band may be considered busy, even though most of the frequency band may remain idle and available for use.

[0061] In the United States, the available frequency bands available for 802.11ah are 902MHz to 928MHz. In South Korea, the available frequency bands are 917.5MHz to 923.5MHz. In Japan, the available frequency bands are 916.5MHz to 927.5MHz. The total available bandwidth for 802.11ah is 6MHz to 26MHz depending on the country code.

[0062] 1D is a system diagram illustrating the RAN 113 and the CN 115, according to one embodiment. As noted above, the RAN 113 may employ NR radio technology to communicate with the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c over the air interface 116. The RAN 113 may also be in communication with the CN 115.

[0063] While the RAN 113 may include gNBs 180a, 180b, and 180c, it will be understood that the RAN 113 may include any number of gNBs while remaining consistent with an embodiment. The gNBs 180a, 180b, and 180c may each include one or more transceivers for communicating with the WTRUs 102a, 102b, and 102c over the air interface 116. In one embodiment, the gNBs 180a, 180b, and 180c may implement MIMO technology. For example, the gNBs 180a, 180b may utilize beamforming to transmit and / or receive signals to and from the gNBs 180a, 180b, and 180c. Thus, for example, the gNB 180a may use multiple antennas to transmit and / or receive wireless signals to and from the WTRU 102a. In one embodiment, the gNBs 180a, 180b, and 180c may implement carrier aggregation technology. For example, the gNB 180a may transmit multiple component carriers to the WTRU 102a (not shown). A subset of these component carriers may be on the unlicensed spectrum, and the remaining component carriers may be on the licensed spectrum. In one embodiment, the gNBs 180a, 180b, and 180c may implement Coordinated Multi-Point (CoMP) technology. For example, the WTRU 102a may receive coordinated transmissions from the gNBs 180a and 180b (and / or 180c).

[0064] The WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may communicate with the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c using transmissions associated with scalable numerology. For example, the OFDM symbol spacing and / or OFDM subcarrier spacing may vary for different transmissions, different cells, and / or different portions of the wireless transmission spectrum. The WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may communicate with the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c using subframes or transmission time intervals (TTIs) of different or scalable lengths (e.g., including different numbers of OFDM symbols and / or different lengths of absolute time duration).

[0065] The gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c may be configured to communicate with the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c in a standalone configuration and / or a non-standalone configuration. In a standalone configuration, the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c can communicate with the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c without accessing another RAN (e.g., eNodeBs 160a, 160b, 160c, etc.). In a standalone configuration, the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c can utilize one or more gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c as mobility anchor points. In a standalone configuration, the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c can communicate with the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c using signals in unlicensed bands. In a non-standalone configuration, the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may communicate / connect with a gNB 180a, 180b, 180c while also communicating / connecting with another RAN, such as an eNode-B 160a, 160b, 160c. For example, the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement a DC principle to communicate with one or more gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c and one or more eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c at approximately the same time. In a non-standalone configuration, the eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c may act as mobility anchors for the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, and the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c may provide additional coverage and / or throughput for serving the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c.

[0066] Each of the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c may be associated with a particular cell (not shown) and may be configured to handle radio resource management decisions, handover decisions, scheduling of users in the UL and / or DL, support for network slicing, dual connectivity, interworking between NR and E-UTRA, routing of user plane data to User Plane Functions (UPFs) 184a, 184b, routing of control plane information to Access and Mobility Management Functions (AMFs) 182a, 182b, etc. As shown in FIG. 1D , the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c may communicate with each other via an Xn interface.

[0067] 1D may include at least one AMF 182a, 182b, at least one UPF 184a, 184b, at least one Session Management Function (SMF) 183a, 183b, and possibly a Data Network (DN) 185a, 185b. While each of the above elements is shown as part of the CN 115, it will be understood that any of these elements may be owned and / or operated by an entity other than the CN operator.

[0068] The AMF 182a, 182b may be connected to one or more gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c in the RAN 113 via an N2 interface and may function as a control node. For example, the AMF 182a, 182b may be responsible for authenticating users of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, supporting network slicing (e.g., handling different PDU sessions with different requirements), selecting a particular SMF 183a, 183b, managing registration areas, terminating NAS signaling, mobility management, etc. Network slicing may be used by the AMF 182a, 182b to customize CN support for the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c based on the type of service being utilized by the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c. Different network slices may be established for different use cases, for example, services relying on Ultra-Reliable Low-Latency (URLLC) access, services relying on enhanced Massive Mobile Broadband (eMBB) access, services for Machine Type Communications (MTC) access, etc. The AMF 162 may provide a control plane function for switching between the RAN 113 and other RANs (not shown) that use other radio technologies, such as LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, and / or non-3GPP access technologies, such as WiFi.

[0069] The SMFs 183a and 183b may be connected to the AMFs 182a and 182b in the CN 115 via an N11 interface. The SMFs 183a and 183b may also be connected to the UPFs 184a and 184b in the CN 115 via an N4 interface. The SMFs 183a and 183b may select and control the UPFs 184a and 184b and configure the routing of traffic through the UPFs 184a and 184b. The SMFs 183a and 183b may perform other functions such as managing and assigning UE IP addresses, managing PDU sessions, controlling policy enforcement and QoS, providing downlink data notification, etc. The PDU session type may be IP-based, non-IP-based, Ethernet-based, etc.

[0070] The UPFs 184a, 184b may be connected to one or more gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c in the RAN 113 via an N3 interface, which provides the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c with access to packet-switched networks such as the Internet 110 and facilitates communication between the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c and IP-enabled devices. The UPFs 184, 184b may perform other functions such as routing and forwarding packets, enforcing user plane policy, supporting multi-homed PDU sessions, handling user plane QoS, buffering downlink packets, providing a mobility anchor, etc.

[0071] The CN 115 may facilitate communication with other networks. For example, the CN 115 may include or communicate with an IP gateway (e.g., an IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) server) that acts as an interface between the CN 115 and the PSTN 108. Additionally, the CN 115 may provide the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c with access to other networks 112, which may include other wired and / or wireless networks owned and / or operated by other service providers. In one embodiment, the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may be connected to local data networks (DNs) 185a, 185b through the UPFs 184a, 184b via an N3 interface to the UPFs 184a, 184b and an N6 interface between the UPFs 184a, 184b and the DNs 185a, 185b.

[0072] 1A-1D and the corresponding description thereof, one or more, or all, of the functions described herein with respect to one or more of the WTRUs 102a-d, base stations 114a-b, eNodeBs 160a-c, MME 162, SGW 164, PGW 166, gNBs 180a-c, AMFs 182a-b, UPFs 184a-b, SMFs 183a-b, DNs 185a-b, and / or other devices described herein may be performed by one or more emulation devices (not shown). The emulation devices may be one or more devices configured to emulate one or more or all of the functions described herein. For example, the emulation devices may be used to test other devices and / or to simulate network and / or WTRU functionality.

[0073] The emulation device can be designed to implement one or more tests of other devices in a lab environment and / or an operator network environment. For example, one or more emulation devices can be fully or partially implemented and / or deployed as part of a wired and / or wireless communication network to perform one or more, or all, functions for testing other devices in the communication network. One or more emulation devices can be temporarily implemented / deployed as part of a wired and / or wireless communication network to perform one or more, or all, functions. The emulation device can be directly coupled to another device for testing purposes and / or can perform testing using wireless communication.

[0074] One or more emulation devices may also perform one or more functions (including all functions) without being implemented / deployed as part of a wired and / or wireless communication network. For example, the emulation devices may be utilized in test scenarios in a test lab and / or in test scenarios in non-deployed (e.g., test) wired and / or wireless communication networks to implement testing of one or more components. One or more emulation devices may be test equipment. Direct RF coupling and / or wireless communication via RF circuitry (which may, for example, include one or more antennas) may be used by the emulation devices to transmit and / or receive data.

[0075] A wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU) may perform one or more measurements. In the RRC_CONNECTED state, the WTRU may measure multiple (e.g., at least one) beams of a cell, and the measurement results (e.g., power values) may be averaged to derive cell quality. In doing so, the WTRU may be configured to consider a subset of detected beams. Filtering may be performed at one or more (e.g., two) different levels, e.g., at the physical layer to derive beam quality and at the RRC level to derive cell quality from multiple beams. Cell quality from beam measurements may be derived in the same way for serving and non-serving cells. The measurement report may include measurement results of the X best beams (e.g., if the WTRU is configured to do so by the gNB).

[0076] FIG. 2 shows an example of a high-level measurement model. As shown in FIG. 2, "K beam" may correspond to measurements of SS blocks (SSBs) or CSI-RS resources configured for L3 mobility by the gNB and detected by the WTRU at L1. "A" may refer to measurements internal to the physical layer (e.g., beam-specific samples). "Layer 1 filtering" may refer to internal Layer 1 filtering of the input measured at point A. The exact filtering may be implementation-dependent. How the measurements are actually performed at the physical layer by the implementation (e.g., input A and Layer 1 filtering) may not be constrained. "A" may refer to measurements internal to the physical layer (e.g., beam-specific samples). 1 " may refer to measurements reported by Layer 1 to Layer 3 after Layer 1 filtering (e.g., beam-specific measurements). "Beam integration / selection" may refer to the integration of beam-specific measurements to derive cell quality. The behavior of beam integration / selection may be standardized, and the configuration of this module may be provided by RRC signaling. The reporting period at B is 1 It may be equal to (for example, one) measurement period in

[0077] As shown in FIG. 2, "B" may indicate a measurement (e.g., cell quality) derived from beam-specific measurements reported to Layer 3 after beam aggregation / selection. "Layer 3 filtering for cell quality" may indicate filtering performed on measurements provided at point B. The behavior of the Layer 3 filter may be standardized, and the configuration of the Layer 3 filter may be provided by RRC signaling. The filtering reporting period at C may be equal to the (e.g., one) measurement period at B. "C" may indicate the measurement after processing at the Layer 3 filter. The reporting rate may be similar (e.g., identical) to the reporting rate at point B. This measurement may be used as input for one or more evaluations of reporting criteria. "Evaluation of reporting criteria" may indicate checking whether an actual measurement report is needed at point D. The evaluation may be performed, for example, based on inputs C and C. 1The WTRU may determine whether (e.g., at least) new measurement results are at points C, C 1 The reporting criteria may be evaluated each time a measurement is reported in . The reporting criteria may be standardized, and the configuration may be provided by RRC signaling (e.g., WTRU measurements). "D" may indicate measurement report information (e.g., a message) sent over the air interface.

[0078] As shown in Figure 2, "L3 beam filtering" is performed at point A. 1 The filtering reporting period in E may indicate filtering performed on measurements provided in E (e.g., beam-specific measurements). The behavior of the beam filters may be standardized, and the configuration of the beam filters may be provided by RRC signaling. The filtering reporting period in E may be 1 The reporting rate may be equal to the measurement period (e.g., one) at point A. The "E" may indicate a measurement after processing with a beam filter (e.g., a beam-specific measurement). 1 The reporting rate may be the same as that at point E. This measurement may be used as input to select the X measurements to be reported. "Beam selection for beam reporting" may indicate selecting X measurements from the measurements provided at point E. The behavior of beam selection may be standardized and the configuration of this module may be provided by RRC signaling. "F" may indicate beam measurement information to be included (e.g., transmitted) in the measurement report over the air interface.

[0079] Layer 1 filtering may introduce a level of measurement averaging. How and when the WTRU performs the necessary measurements may be implementation specific in that the output at B meets one or more performance requirements. Layer 3 filtering of the cell quality and related parameters used may be specified and may not introduce any delay in sample availability between B and C. 1may be inputs used in event evaluation. The L3 beam filtering and related parameters used may be specified and may not introduce any delay in sample availability between E and F.

[0080] A measurement report may be characterized by one or more of the following: The measurement report may include the measurement ID of the associated measurement configuration that triggered the report; The cell and beam measurements included in the measurement report may be configured by the network; The number of non-serving cells reported may be limited by configuration by the network; Cells belonging to an exclusion list configured by the network cannot be used for event evaluation and / or reporting; Conversely, if an allowed list is configured by the network, cells belonging to the allowed list (e.g., only those cells) may be used for event evaluation and / or reporting; The beam measurements included in the measurement report may be configured by the network (e.g., beam identifier only, measurement results and beam identifier, and / or no beam report).

[0081] Intra-frequency neighbor (e.g., cell) measurements and inter-frequency neighbor (e.g., cell) measurements may be defined as follows: If the center frequency of the SSB of the serving cell and the center frequency of the SSB of the neighboring cell are the same and the subcarrier spacing of the two SSBs is also the same, the measurement may be defined as an SSB-based intra-frequency measurement. If the center frequency of the SSB of the serving cell and the center frequency of the SSB of the neighboring cell are different or the subcarrier spacing of the two SSBs are different, the measurement may be defined as an SSB-based inter-frequency measurement.

[0082] For SSB-based measurements, a (eg, one) measurement object may correspond to a (eg, one) SSB, and the WTRU may consider different SSBs to be different cells.

[0083] A measurement may be defined as a CSI-RS-based intra-frequency measurement if it meets the following conditions: the subcarrier spacing of the CSI-RS resources of the neighboring cell configured for measurement is the same as the SCS of the CSI-RS resources of the serving cell indicated for measurement; the subcarrier spacing is 60 kHz; the cyclic prefix (CP) type of the CSI-RS resources of the neighboring cell configured for measurement is the same as the CP type of the CSI-RS resources of the serving cell indicated for measurement; and / or the center frequency of the CSI-RS resources of the neighboring cell configured for measurement is the same as the center frequency of the CSI-RS resources of the serving cell indicated for measurement. A measurement may be defined as a CSI-RS-based inter-frequency measurement if it is a CSI-RS-based measurement that is not an intra-frequency measurement. For example, a CSI-RS-based measurement may be defined as a CSI-RS-based inter-frequency measurement if one or more conditions are not met (e.g., if the subcarrier spacing is different) even if it is the same carrier. Extended CP for CSI-RS-based measurements may be supported.

[0084] Whether the measurement is gap-unassisted or gap-assisted depends on the WTRU's capability, its active BWP, and / or the current operating frequency. For SSB-based inter-frequency measurements, if measurement gap requirement information is reported by the WTRU, the measurement gap configuration may be provided according to the reported information. Otherwise, the measurement gap configuration may be provided (e.g., always) in the following cases: if the WTRU supports per-WTRU measurement gaps (e.g., only) and / or if the WTRU supports per-frequency range (FR) measurement gaps and any of the serving cells is within the same frequency range of the measurement object. For SSB-based intra-frequency measurements, if measurement gap requirement information is reported by the WTRU, the measurement gap configuration may be provided according to the reported information. Otherwise, if any of the BWPs in the WTRU configuration, other than the initial BWP, do not include frequency-domain resources of the SSB associated with the initial DL BWP, the measurement gap configuration may be provided (e.g., always).

[0085] In a non-gap-assisted scenario, the WTRU may be able to perform such measurements without a measurement gap. In a gap-assisted scenario, the WTRU may not be expected to be able to perform such measurements without a measurement gap.

[0086] CSI reporting may be performed. CSI (Channel State Information) can be used as an indicator from the WTRU to inform the network how good (e.g., or poor) the channel conditions are at any given time, which the gNB can use to make scheduling decisions such as modulation and coding scheme (MCS) selection and to assist in beamforming.

[0087] The time and frequency resources used by the WTRU to report CSI may be controlled by the gNB. The CSI may include a channel quality indicator (CQI), a precoding matrix indicator (PMI), a CSI-RS resource indicator (CRI), a SS / PBCH block resource indicator (SSBRI), a layer indicator (LI), a rank indicator (RI), an L1-RSRP, an L1-SINR, and / or a Capability[Set]Index.

[0088] For CQI, PMI, CRI, SSBRI, LI, RI, L1-RSRP, L1-SINR, Capability[Set]Index, etc., the WTRU may be configured by higher layers with N (e.g., ≧1) CSI-ReportConfig reporting settings, M (e.g., ≧1) CSI-ResourceConfig resource settings, and / or a list of several (e.g., one or two) trigger states (e.g., specified by higher layer parameters CSI-AperiodicTriggerStateList and / or CSI-SemiPersistentOnPUSCH-TriggerStateList). (E.g., each) trigger state in CSI-AperiodicTriggerStateList may include a list of associated CSI-ReportConfigs indicating resource set IDs for the channel and, optionally, for interference. (E.g., each) trigger state in CSI-SemiPersistentOnPUSCH-TriggerStateList may include (e.g., one) associated CSI-ReportConfig.

[0089] (E.g., each) reporting configuration CSI-ReportConfig is associated with a (e.g., single) downlink BWP specified in the associated CSI-ResourceConfig for channel measurements (e.g., indicated by the higher layer parameter BWP-Id) and may include parameters of a (e.g., one) CSI reporting band, such as: codebook configuration including codebook subset restrictions, time domain behavior, frequency granularity of CQI and PMI, measurement restriction configuration, and / or CSI-related quantities to be reported by the WTRU (e.g., Layer Indicator (L1), L1-RSRP, L1-SINR, CRI, SSBRI (SSB Resource Indicator), and / or Capability[Set]Index, etc.).

[0090] The time-domain behavior of CSI-ReportConfig is indicated by the higher layer parameter reportConfigType, which can be set to "aperiodic", "semiPersistentOnPUCCH", "semiPersistentOnPUSCH", or "periodic". For "periodic" and "semiPersistentOnPUCCH" / "semiPersistentOnPUSCH" CSI reporting, the configured periodicity and slot offset may be applied to the UL BWP value at which the CSI report is configured to be transmitted. The higher layer parameter reportQuantity can indicate the amount of CSI-related, L1-RSRP-related, L1-SINR-related, and / or Capability[Set]Index-related information to report. The reportFreqConfiguration can indicate the reporting granularity in the frequency domain, including the CSI reporting band and whether PMI / CQI reporting is wideband or subband. The timeRestrictionForChannelMeasurements parameter of CSI-ReportConfig can be configured to enable time-domain restrictions on channel measurements, and timeRestrictionForInterferenceMeasurements can be configured to enable time-domain restrictions on interference measurements. The CSI-ReportConfig can include a CodebookConfig, which can include configuration parameters for Type 1, Type 2, Extended Type 2 CSI, and / or further extended Type 2 port selection, including codebook subset restrictions, if applicable, and / or group-based reporting configuration.

[0091] (E.g., each) CSI resource configuration CSI-ResourceConfig may include a configuration of a list of S (e.g., ≧1) CSI resource sets (e.g., specified by a higher layer parameter csi-RS-ResourceSetList), where the list may include references to either or both of an NZP CSI-RS resource set and / or an SS / PBCH block set. Alternatively, the list may include references to a CSI-IM resource set. (E.g., each) CSI resource configuration may be located in a DL BWP identified by a higher layer parameter BWP-id, and one or more (e.g., all) CSI resource configurations linked to a CSI reporting configuration may have the same DL BWP.

[0092] The time domain behavior of the CSI-RS resources within a CSI resource configuration may be indicated by the higher layer parameter resourceType and may be configured as aperiodic, periodic, or semi-persistent. For periodic and / or semi-persistent CSI resource configurations, if the WTRU is configured with groupBasedBeamReporting-r17, the number of configured CSI resource sets may be a first value (e.g., S=2); otherwise, the number of configured CSI-RS resource sets may be limited to a second value (e.g., S=1). For periodic and / or semi-persistent CSI resource configurations, the configured periodicity and slot offset may be specified by the numeric value of the associated DL BWP, specified by the BWP-id. If the WTRU is configured with multiple CSI-ResourceConfigs configured with the same NZP CSI-RS resource ID, the same time domain behavior may be configured for the CSI-ResourceConfigs. If the WTRU is configured with multiple CSI-ResourceConfigs configured with the same CSI-IM resource ID, the same time domain behavior may be configured for the CSI-ResourceConfigs. One or more (eg, all) CSI resource configurations linked to a CSI reporting configuration may have the same time domain behavior.

[0093] One or more of the following may be configured via higher layer signaling for one or more CSI resource configurations for channel and interference measurements: CSI-IM resources for interference measurements, NZP CSI-RS resources for interference measurements, and / or NZP CSI-RS resources for channel measurements.

[0094] A handover can be performed. Figure 3 shows an example of a handover scenario. As shown in Figure 3, the WTRU context in the source gNB can include information about roaming and access restrictions provided at connection establishment or the last timing advance (TA) update. The source gNB configures the WTRU measurement procedure, and the WTRU can report according to the measurement configuration. Based on the received measurements, the source gNB can decide to hand over the WTRU to the target gNB. The source gNB can issue a handover request message to the target gNB, passing a transparent RRC container with information necessary to prepare the handover at the target side. This information can include, for example, at least the target cell ID, security key (e.g., KgNB*), the WTRU's C-RNTI at the source gNB, RRM configuration including WTRU inactivity time, basic AS configuration including antenna information and DL carrier frequency, current QoS flow to DRB mapping rule applied to the WTRU, SIB1 from the source gNB, WTRU capabilities for different RATs, PDU session-related information, and (if available) WTRU-reported measurement information including beam-related information.

[0095] As shown in FIG. 3, admission control may be performed by the target gNB. If the WTRU can be admitted, the target gNB may prepare the handover with L1 / L2 and send a HANDOVER REQUEST ACKNOWLEDGE to the source gNB, which may include a transparent container that is sent to the WTRU as an RRC message to perform the handover. The source gNB may trigger a Uu handover by sending an RRCReconfiguration message to the WTRU that includes information necessary to access the target cell, i.e., (e.g., at least) a target cell ID, a new C-RNTI, and / or a target gNB security algorithm identifier for the selected security algorithm. This may include a set of dedicated RACH resources, an association between the RACH resources and SSB, an association between the RACH resources and a WTRU-specific CSI-RS configuration, common RACH resources, and / or system information of the target cell. The source gNB may send an SN STATUS TRANSFER message to the target gNB to convey the uplink PDCP SN receiver status and downlink PDCP SN transmitter status of the DRBs to which PDCP status preservation applies (e.g., RLCAM).

[0096] As shown in Figure 3, the WTRU can complete the RRC handover procedure by synchronizing to the target cell and sending an RRCReconfigurationComplete message to the target gNB. The target gNB can send a PATH SWITCH REQUEST message to the AMF, triggering the 5GC to switch the DL data path to the target gNB and establish an NG-C interface instance to the target gNB. The 5GC can switch the DL data path to the target gNB. The UPF can send one or more "End Marker" packets to the source gNB on the old path per PDU session / tunnel and then release any U-plane / TNL resources toward the source gNB. The AMF can acknowledge the PATH SWITCH REQUEST message with a PATH SWITCH REQUEST ACKNOWLEDGE message. Upon receiving the PATH SWITCH REQUEST ACKNOWLEDGE message from the AMF, the target gNB can send a UE CONTEXT RELEASE message to notify the source gNB of the successful handover. The source gNB may release radio and C-plane related resources associated with the WTRU context. Ongoing data transfer may continue.

[0097] Conditional handover (CHO) and / or conditional PSCell addition / modification (which may be referred to as "CPA," "CPC," and / or "CPAC") may be performed in NR with the primary purpose of reducing the likelihood of radio link failure (RLF) and handover failure (HOF).

[0098] A handover (e.g., a legacy LTE / NR handover) can be triggered by a measurement report (e.g., even if there is nothing preventing the network from sending an HO command to the WTRU without receiving a measurement report). For example, the WTRU can be configured with an A3 event that triggers a measurement report to be sent when the radio signal level / quality (RSRP, RSRQ, etc.) of a neighboring cell becomes better than the primary serving cell (PCell) (e.g., or the primary secondary serving cell (PSCell) in the case of dual connectivity (DC)). The WTRU can monitor the serving and neighboring cells and send a measurement report when the condition is met. When such a report is received, the network (e.g., the current serving node / cell) can prepare an HO command (e.g., an RRC reconfiguration message including reconfigurationWithSync) and send it to the WTRU, which the WTRU can execute immediately, allowing the WTRU to connect to the target cell.

[0099] CHO may differ from other types of handover (e.g., legacy handover) in one or more (e.g., two) main aspects. For example, in CHO, multiple handover targets may be prepared (e.g., compared to only one target in the legacy case). In CHO, the WTRU may not immediately perform the CHO (e.g., as in legacy handover). Instead, the WTRU may be configured with trigger conditions (e.g., a set of radio conditions), and the WTRU may perform a handover towards one of the targets if (e.g., only if) the trigger conditions are met.

[0100] Because the CHO command is sent when radio conditions to the current serving cell are still good, two main points of failure in other types of handover (e.g., legacy handover) may be reduced. For example, the main points of failure may be the risk that the WTRU fails to send a measurement report (e.g., if the link quality to the current serving cell is below an acceptable level when the measurement report is triggered in a normal handover) and the risk of failing to receive the handover command (e.g., if the link quality to the current serving cell is below an acceptable level after the WTRU sends a measurement report but before receiving the HO command).

[0101] The triggering conditions for CHO may be based on the radio qualities of the serving cell and neighboring cells (e.g., similar to the conditions used to trigger measurement reports in legacy NR / LTE). For example, a WTRU may be configured with CHO with an A3-like triggering condition and an associated HO command. The WTRU may monitor the current cell and the serving cell, and when the A3 triggering condition is met, execute the associated HO command to switch its connection to the target cell (e.g., instead of sending a measurement report).

[0102] FIG. 4 shows an example of the configuration and execution of a conditional handover. CHO helps prevent unnecessary re-establishment in the event of a radio link failure. For example, a WTRU may be configured with multiple CHO targets. Before the trigger conditions for any of the targets are met, the WTRU may experience RLF. Depending on the type of operation (e.g., legacy operation), an RRC re-establishment procedure may be performed, causing significant disruption for the WTRU's bearers. However, in the case of CHO, if the WTRU is to select a cell with which the CHO is associated after detecting RLF (e.g., if the target cell is already prepared for it), the WTRU may directly execute an HO command associated with this target cell (e.g., instead of continuing with the full re-establishment procedure).

[0103] The CPC and CPA may be extensions of the CHO (e.g., in a DC scenario). The WTRU may be configured with trigger conditions for PSCell modification or addition, and may execute the associated PSCell modification or PSCell addition command when the trigger conditions are met.

[0104] Inter-cell L1 / 2 mobility may be used, for example, to manage beams in CA cases, and cell change / addition may be supported.

[0105] L1 / L2-based inter-cell mobility mechanisms and / or procedures for mobility latency reduction may be specified. Configuration and maintenance of multiple candidate cells may be performed to enable rapid application of candidate cell configurations (e.g., [RAN2, RAN3]). Dynamic switching mechanisms may be used between candidate serving cells (e.g., including SpCells and SCells) for potentially applicable scenarios based on L1 / L2 signaling (e.g., [RAN2, RAN1]). L1 extensions for inter-cell beam management, including L1 measurements and reporting and beam indication, may be used (e.g., [RAN1, RAN2]). Early involvement of RAN2 may be required, including the possibility of further clarifying the interaction between the L1 extensions for inter-cell beam management and the dynamic switching mechanism between candidate serving cells. Timing advance management may be used (e.g., [RAN1, RAN2]). CU-DU interface signaling supporting L1 / L2 mobility may be used (e.g., if needed) (e.g., [RAN3]).

[0106] FR2 specific extensions (e.g., if present) may not be excluded. L1 / L2 based inter-cell mobility procedures may be applicable to one or more of the following scenarios: standalone, CA and NR-DC cases with serving cell change within (e.g., one) CG; intra-DU and intra-CU, inter-DU cases (e.g., applicable to standalone and CA: no new RAN interface is expected); both intra-frequency and inter-frequency; both FR1 and FR2; source and target cells may or may not be synchronized; inter-CU cases may not be included.

[0107] Inter-cell beam management can address intra-DU and / or intra-frequency scenarios. In this case, the serving cell may remain unchanged (e.g., there is no possibility to change the serving cell using L1 / 2-based mobility). In FR2 deployments, CA may be used to exploit available bandwidth (e.g., to aggregate multiple CCs in one band). These CCs can be transmitted on the same analog beam pair (e.g., gNB beam and WTRU beam). The WTRU can be configured with TCI states (which can have a fairly large number, e.g., 64) for reception of PDCCH and PDSCH. (e.g., each) TCI state can include an RS or SSB that the WTRU can reference to configure its beam. The SSB may be associated with a non-serving PCI. MAC signaling (e.g., "TCI state indication for UE-specific PDCCH MAC CE") can activate the TCI state for the Coreset / PDCCH. Reception of PDCCH from non-serving cells may be supported by the MAC CE indicating the TCI state associated with the non-serving PCI. MAC signaling (e.g., "TCI States Activation / Deactivation for UE-specific PDSCH") can activate a subset of TCI states (e.g., up to eight) for PDSCH reception. The DCI can indicate any of the (e.g., eight) TCI states. A "unified TCI state" with a different update mechanism (e.g., a DCI-based mechanism) can be supported with or without multi-TRP. A unified TCI state with multi-TRP can be supported.

[0108] L1 / 2 inter-cell mobility can be used to improve handover latency. In a conventional L3 handover or conditional handover, the WTRU can (e.g., initially) send measurement reports using RRC signaling. In response, the network can provide additional measurement configurations and possibly conditional handover configurations. In a conventional handover, the network can provide the target cell configuration after the WTRU reports using RRC signaling that the cell meets the configured radio quality criteria. In a conditional handover, to reduce handover failure rates due to delays in sending measurement reports and receiving RRC reconfiguration, the network can (e.g., in advance) provide the target cell configuration and measurement criteria that determine when the WTRU should trigger CHO configuration. However, both of these L3 methods can incur some delay due to the sending of measurement reports and receiving the target configuration, especially in the case of a conventional (e.g., unconditional) handover.

[0109] L1 / 2-based inter-cell mobility allows for rapid application of candidate cell configurations, including dynamic inter-SCell switching and PCell switching (e.g., switching roles between SCell and PCell) without RRC signaling. The inter-CU case may not be included, as it may require PDCP anchor relocation. Therefore, an RRC-based approach may be required (e.g., at least) to support inter-CU handover.

[0110] With mechanisms (e.g., legacy L3 handover mechanisms), (e.g., any) currently active SCells may be released before the WTRU completes the handover to the target cell within the coverage area of ​​the new site and added (e.g., only after) the handover is successful, which may result in reduced throughput during the handover. Therefore, one purpose of L1 / 2 may be to allow CA operation to be enabled immediately upon a serving cell change.

[0111] Figure 5 shows an example of L1 / 2 inter-cell mobility operation using CA, where candidate cell groups are configured by RRC and dynamic switching of PCell and SCell can be achieved using L1 / 2 signaling.

[0112] Mobility decisions (e.g., SCell addition / removal, SCell change, SpCell change, HO / CHO configuration, etc.) can be made based on measurement report (e.g., event) configurations made at the RRC level. For example, the gNB can configure CHO when the WTRU triggers a measurement report based on event A2 (e.g., serving becomes worse than a threshold). An SpCell change (e.g., HO) can be initiated based on the WTRU transmitting a measurement report triggered by the realization of event A3 (e.g., neighbor offset becomes better than SpCell) or event A5 (e.g., SpCell becomes worse than a first threshold (e.g., threshold 1) and neighbor becomes better than a second threshold (e.g., threshold 2)). An SCell addition can be performed when the WTRU transmits a measurement report triggered due to the realization of event A4 (e.g., neighbor becomes better than a threshold). An SCell change may also be performed based on the realization of event A6 (e.g., neighbor offset becomes better than Scell), etc.

[0113] In operation (e.g., legacy NR operation), if a CU-DU split architecture is deployed, L1 measurements may be reported to the DU (e.g., CQI reports), which may be suitable for scheduling purposes. Because cell changes or reconfigurations may require a significant amount of processing, they may not be performed too frequently based on L1 signaling and may be performed (e.g., only) when stable measurements on which to base a reconfiguration decision can be determined. L3 measurements (e.g., measurements filtered at L3 to exclude short-term fluctuations) may be used to make mobility decisions, which may be sent to the CU, where RRC may be terminated. Based on these L3 measurements, the RRC of the CU may send a reconfiguration message that may instruct the WTRU to perform mobility (e.g., an HO command for immediate mobility, a CHO for mobility when certain conditions are met, etc.).

[0114] One way to perform mobility based on L1 / 2 indications may be for the WTRU to send an RRC measurement report and for the CU to make a mobility decision and notify the DU to send a corresponding L1 / 2 indication, however this method may not reduce latency.

[0115] Furthermore, latency extensions may be implemented, and L1 measurements may be used to at least trigger cell changes. This may result in increased ping-pong between cells (e.g., in traditional mobility, this is minimized by longer L3 filtering), but has the advantage of allowing cell switches to be performed more quickly, reducing the likelihood of RLF or handover failure. At least for intra-DUs, the amount of reconfiguration can be minimized compared to traditional handovers. For example, for cells belonging to the same DU, L2 configurations can be shared, eliminating the need to perform a MAC reset, which can reduce disruption times (e.g., the reason for the long filtering and triggering times).

[0116] However, frequent CSI reporting, especially for multiple beams on multiple neighboring cells, can result in significant uplink signaling overhead. In addition, the processing load on the WTRU may become large if many non-serving cells / beams need to be frequently measured and reported.

[0117] CSI reporting can be used for rapid evaluation of mobility decisions while minimizing the overhead of frequent CSI reporting. CSI reporting can be enabled when (e.g., only when) a candidate becomes more likely for handover.

[0118] In one example, a WTRU may be configured with CSI reporting configurations (e.g., L1 measurements per beam) for beams on multiple candidate target cells. The WTRU may be configured with one or more RRC measurement events (e.g., L3 measurements per cell) and / or L1 measurement events, such as event A4 (e.g., neighbor becomes better than a threshold), configured for candidate cells. An event may be associated with one or more CSI reporting configurations. If a cell meets an event criterion based on a cell-level (L3) measurement or a second L1 measurement type, beam (L1) measurements and CSI reporting associated with the candidate cell that triggered the RRC measurement event may be triggered. The WTRU may start reporting CSI when an event is triggered (e.g., autonomously). Alternatively, the WTRU may first report to the NW (e.g., using MAC CE or SR) and wait for an explicit CSI report activation / CSI request (e.g., via MAC CE or DCI), which may be referred to as an activation command. The measurement type evaluated to trigger CSI measurements may be L1 measurements.

[0119] FIG. 6 shows an example of CSI reporting. As shown in FIG. 6, the WTRU may receive one or more measurement and reporting configurations of a first type and one or more measurements of a second type for one or more neighboring cells. For example, the WTRU may receive configuration information associated with one or more neighboring cells (e.g., from a serving cell). The configuration may include an indication of a first type measurement, an indication of a second type measurement, and / or an indication of a reporting condition associated with the first type measurement. The first type measurement configuration (e.g., first type measurement) may be, for example, an L3 / RRC measurement object and reporting configuration (e.g., an event) performed at the cell level. The second type measurement may be an L1 / CSI measurement performed at the beam level. Alternatively, the first type measurement may be an L1 / CSI measurement. The first type measurement may use longer filtering / averaging than the second type measurement. The first type measurement may be a synchronization signal block (SSB) measurement, and the reporting condition associated with the first type measurement may be an L1 measurement event trigger condition. The configuration information may include configuration information for a first type of measurement and a second type of measurement for each of a plurality of neighboring cells.

[0120] The first type of measurements may be performed without reporting to the network or with reduced reporting to the network (e.g., longer reporting period) compared to the second type of measurements (e.g., if the first type of measurements are L1 / CSI measurements). The second type of measurements may be reported to the network (e.g., periodically) or may be reported more frequently than the first type of measurements.

[0121] The first type of measurement may be performed on a limited set of measurement resources compared to the second type of measurement. For example, the first type of measurement may measure SSB resources (e.g., wider beams), and the second type of measurement may measure CSI-RS resources (e.g., narrower beams). The first type of measurement may calculate an average (e.g., cell) measurement based on multiple beam measurements, and the second type of measurement may consider individual beam measurements. The first type of measurement may relate to a first cell (e.g., SpCell, SCell, etc.), and the second type of measurement may relate to a second cell (e.g., candidate cell). Alternatively, the first and second types of measurements may relate to the same cell (e.g., candidate cell and / or neighbor cell).

[0122] The WTRU may associate the first type and the second type measurements based on a condition (e.g., as part of a configuration). For example, the second type measurement may be initiated when a condition based on the first type measurement (e.g., a condition indicated in configuration information received from the network) is met. The WTRU may perform the first type measurement. For example, the WTRU may perform a measurement associated with the first type measurement on one neighboring cell of the one or more neighboring cells. The WTRU may evaluate a condition associated with the first type measurement. For example, the WTRU may determine that a condition (e.g., a reporting condition) is met for the neighboring cell based on the measurement associated with the first type measurement.

[0123] The condition may be, for example, a measurement event trigger condition (e.g., an L1 measurement event trigger condition). For example, if a measurement performed using a first measurement type is below a threshold (e.g., a threshold associated with a PCell), an associated measurement configuration of a second type (e.g., associated with a candidate cell) may be activated. The WTRU may automatically enable the second type of measurement based on satisfying a condition associated with the first type. Alternatively, the WTRU may provide an indication (e.g., MAC CE) to the network that the condition has been satisfied, and the network may explicitly enable the second type of measurement. For example, the WTRU may send a request to the network (e.g., serving cell) via a MAC CE and / or scheduling request (SR) to activate the second type of measurement for the neighbor cell based on determining that a reporting condition is satisfied for the neighbor cell. The WTRU may receive an activation command from the network (e.g., via a MAC CE or DCI) to report measurements associated with the second type of measurement on the neighbor cell.

[0124] The condition may be, for example, a measurement event trigger condition associated with the serving cell and the candidate cell (e.g., a neighbor cell). For example, the condition may be associated with an event such as A3, where the condition is met when the PCell falls below a certain threshold of the candidate cell. For example, the condition may be associated with an event such as A5, where the condition is met when the PCell falls below a certain threshold and the candidate cell becomes better than a certain threshold.

[0125] When a condition associated with the first type of measurement is met, the WTRU may perform a second type of measurement. The second type of measurement may be an L1 measurement. The second type of measurement may be, for example, a periodic CSI report of a beam measurement. The measured beam (e.g., a CSI reporting configuration) may be associated with a cell measured using the first type of measurement (e.g., the second type of measurement may depend on which cell meets a condition or which condition is met). The WTRU may perform the second type of measurement after receiving an activation command from the network.

[0126] 7 illustrates an example of WTRU-controlled CSI reporting activation. For example, as shown in FIG. 7, the WTRU may control the activation of a second type of measurement (e.g., CSI reporting). In the example shown in FIG. 7, there may be one or more (e.g., three) phases. These phases may be referred to as a first phase, a second phase, and a third phase, and / or as phase A, phase B, and phase C (e.g., as shown in FIGS. 7-10).

[0127] As shown in FIG. 7 (e.g., in a first phase), the configuration of the candidate cell and the measurement and / or reporting configurations of the serving cell and the candidate cell may be provided, thereby allowing RRC to configure the candidate serving cell. The candidate serving cell may be configured to be associated with a specific CSI reporting configuration corresponding to the resource and reporting configuration for the beam on that candidate cell. RRC measurements may be configured and associated with the configured CSI reporting configuration. An RRC measurement event configured for L3 (e.g., cell) measurements may be associated with one or more CSI reporting configurations. For example, an RRC measurement event may be configured such that if a particular cell meets the event criteria, a CSI reporting configuration corresponding to a beam on that particular cell is activated. If the measurement event criteria are met for a different cell, a different CSI reporting configuration, e.g., a configuration corresponding to a beam on a different cell, may be activated. The above may be performed in any order, together, or in multiple smaller steps.

[0128] As shown in FIG. 7 (e.g., in the second phase), the WTRU may perform configured measurements, apply L3 filtering, and / or evaluate measurement event criteria. The measurement event criteria may be met. Some specific examples of measurement event criteria include, but are not limited to, one or more of the following: Event A3 (the offset of the neighboring cell or candidate cell becomes better than the SpCell), Event A4 (the neighboring cell or candidate cell becomes better than a threshold), and / or Event A5 (the SpCell becomes worse than a first threshold (e.g., Threshold 1) and the neighboring cell or candidate cell becomes better than a second threshold (e.g., Threshold 2)). When the conditions for a measurement event are met, the WTRU may activate a CSI reporting configuration associated with the event. This may consist of an indication to Layer 1 that the WTRU should start performing CSI measurements on a specific resource or set of resources and report using the configured reporting parameters. The WTRU may start performing and / or reporting CSI measurements.

[0129] As shown in FIG. 7 (e.g., in the third phase), the network can utilize CSI reporting, e.g., using MAC CE or DCI, to determine when to trigger a cell change to the pre-configured target SpCell. In one example, the WTRU can perform periodic CSI reporting. The WTRU or NW can apply some filtering (e.g., averaging) to the CSI measurements. The network can determine when the target cell is better than the current cell and therefore when to issue a cell change command based on the periodically reported measurements. In another example, the CSI reporting can (e.g., also) be event-triggered. For example, a CSI report may be sent to the network when (e.g., only) one or more beams on the target cell become better than one or more beams on the current cell. Thus, there may be one or more (e.g., two) measurement events. The first measurement event may be based on RRC measurements and used to determine when to enable CSI measurements, and the second measurement event may be based on CSI measurements and may determine when to send a CSI report to the network.

[0130] Figure 8 shows an example of network-controlled CSI reporting activation. For example, as shown in Figure 8, the network can control the activation of a second type of measurement (e.g., CSI reporting). In the example shown in Figure 8, there may be one or more (e.g., three) phases. The first phase of Figure 8 may be similar (e.g., the same) as the first phase of Figure 7.

[0131] As shown in FIG. 8 (e.g., in the second phase), the WTRU can report the RRC measurement event to the network, e.g., using a MAC CE (e.g., rather than the WTRU enabling the CSI reporting configuration by itself when the RRC measurement event for a cell is met). The network can (e.g., explicitly) enable CSI reporting, e.g., using a DL MAC CE. The WTRU can not only decide to activate the CSI reporting configuration by itself, but also report this event to the network. This may, for example, change how the CSI report content is interpreted. For example, the CSI report may correspond to a beam for cell 1 if the measurement event report reports that cell 1 meets the criterion, while the CSI report may correspond to a beam for cell 2 if cell 2 reports that the criterion is met. The third phase of FIG. 8 may be similar (e.g., the same) as the third phase of FIG. 7.

[0132] 9 shows an example of WTRU autonomous CSI reporting in L1. As shown in FIG. 9, both the first and second types of measurements may be based on L1 measurements. In the example shown in FIG. 9, there may be one or more (e.g., three) phases.

[0133] As shown in FIG. 9 (e.g., in the first phase), the WTRU may perform a first type of measurements on L1. These may be, for example, CSI measurements (e.g., without performing any reporting to the network). These measurements may be performed less frequently than the second type of measurements, for example, to monitor beams on multiple cells. An event configuration may be provided on L1 such that the second type of measurements are activated when a condition associated with the first type of measurements is met. The WTRU may start performing more frequent CSI measurements and / or CSI reporting, for example, for one or more specific beams determined using the first type of measurements. The second and third phases of FIG. 9 may be similar to (e.g., the same as) the second and third phases of FIG. 7, respectively.

[0134] 10 shows an example of network-controlled CSI reporting activation at L1. In the example shown in FIG. 10, both the first type measurement and the second type measurement may be based on L1 measurements. The WTRU may indicate that the condition is met using a request (e.g., a scheduling request or a MAC CE), and the network may enable the CSI reporting configuration using a DCI or a MAC CE (e.g., via an activation command).

[0135] For example, as shown in FIG. 10, the WTRU may receive (e.g., from a serving cell) configuration information associated with one or more neighboring cells. The configuration information may include an indication of a first type of measurement, an indication of a second type of measurement, and / or an indication of a reporting condition associated with the first type of measurement. For example, the first type of measurement may be an SSB measurement, and the reporting condition may be an L1 measurement event trigger condition. The configuration information may include configuration information for the first type of measurement and the second type of measurement of one or more neighboring cells (e.g., each of a plurality of neighboring cells).

[0136] The WTRU may perform measurements associated with a first type of measurement on one neighboring cell (e.g., of one or more neighboring cells). The WTRU may determine, based on the measurements associated with the first type of measurement, that a reporting condition is met for the neighboring cell. The WTRU may send a request (e.g., to the serving cell) to activate a second type of measurement for the neighboring cell (e.g., in a MAC CE and / or scheduling request) based on the determination that the reporting condition is met for the neighboring cell.

[0137] The WTRU may receive (e.g., from the serving cell) an activation command to report measurements associated with a second type of measurement on a neighboring cell (e.g., in DCI and / or MAC CE). The WTRU may perform measurements associated with the second type of measurement on the neighboring cell and send a report (e.g., to the serving cell) indicating one or more measurement values ​​associated with the second type of measurement. The second type of measurement may include a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS)-based measurement of one or more beams associated with the neighboring cell. The first type of measurement and the second type of measurement may be L1 measurements.

[0138] Furthermore, while one or more of the methods disclosed herein are described from the perspective of a WTRU, it should be understood that a network (e.g., a base station) can perform corresponding actions. For example, the network (e.g., a base station) can send configuration information and / or activation commands as disclosed herein to the WTRU and / or receive requests and / or measurement reports as disclosed herein from the WTRU.

[0139] In one example, the first type of measurement may be an L3 measurement. This measurement may be configured to use, for example, SSB resources (e.g., always transmitted when they are used for initial access). These resources are provided via wider beams, and no additional overhead may be associated with using these resources for mobility measurements. The L3 measurement may determine cell quality based on an average of L1 measurements on one or more beams. The L3 measurement may use a longer filtering process and a longer time to trigger a measurement event. The L3 measurements may utilize measurement events and may consist of, for example, one or more of the following events: Event A1 (e.g., the serving cell becomes better than a threshold); Event A2 (e.g., the serving cell becomes worse than a threshold); Event A3 (e.g., the offset of the neighbor cell becomes better than the SpCell); Event A4 (e.g., the neighbor cell becomes better than a threshold), Event A5 (e.g., the SpCell becomes worse than a first threshold (e.g., Threshold 1) and the neighbor cell becomes better than a second threshold (e.g., Threshold 2)); Event A6 (e.g., the offset of the neighbor cell becomes better than the SCell); Event B1 (e.g., the inter-RAT neighbor cell becomes better than a threshold); Event B2 (e.g., the PCell is worse than a first threshold (e.g., Threshold 1) and the inter-RAT neighbor cell becomes better than a second threshold (e.g., Threshold 2)); Event I1 (e.g., the interference becomes higher than a threshold), Event D1 (e.g., a distance criterion between the WTRU and the reference location parameter); and / or a CondEvent. T1 (eg, the time measured at the WTRU is greater than the threshold and less than the threshold plus duration).

[0140] To support L1 / 2 mobility, additional measurement events can be introduced. For example, any of the above events can be updated to compare the serving cell, candidate cell, and / or neighbor cell, or a new event definition for comparing serving cells can be defined. Any type of measurement event can be configured to evaluate a first type of measurement to trigger a second type of measurement. For example, a new measurement event triggered when a candidate cell comes within X dB of the serving cell using the first type of measurement can be used to enable a second type of measurement.

[0141] In one example, the second type of measurement may be an L1 measurement. This measurement may be configured to use CSI-RS resources (e.g., resources that are not necessarily always transmitted). The use of these resources may be associated with additional overhead, but they are transmitted over narrower beams, allowing for more accurate measurements of the source and target beams.

[0142] In one example, both the first type and the second type of measurements may be L1 measurements. The first and second types of L1 measurements may be configured using different operation modes. For example, the first type may measure SSB resources, and the second type may measure CSI-RS resources. The first type of measurement may be configured such that the WTRU performs the first type of measurement at a lower rate than the second type. The second type of measurement may include reporting the measurement results to the network. To minimize the amount of reporting, the first type of measurement may be reported less frequently (e.g., or not at all).

[0143] In one example, a mapping may be provided between cells and / or measurement events and PUCCH resource configurations. When an event is triggered, a CSI report corresponding to the triggered event may be transmitted using some specific resources, which may (e.g., implicitly) inform the network which event was triggered and therefore which cell / beam / measurement resource the CSI report corresponds to. In one example, the resources may be (e.g., explicitly) enabled by the network, for example, following a WTRU report (e.g., using a MAC CE) that a measurement event has been triggered. The network (NW) may (e.g., explicitly) enable the PUCCH resources, for example, using downlink control signals (e.g., a MAC CE or DCI).

[0144] One or more of the embodiments described herein enable a WTRU to indicate with low latency when the network should configure appropriate L1 (e.g., CSI) measurements and reporting for purposes of L1 / 2 mobility, scheduling, and / or network energy savings.

[0145] One or more of the embodiments described herein enable the network to adjust the configuration of L3 measurements for more (e.g., or less) responsiveness as a function of measurements performed on L1.

[0146] As used herein, the term "carrier information" may be used to refer to one or more of the following: SSB frequency; SSB subcarrier spacing; and / or any other information element provided as part of an NR measurement object (MeasObcentNR), such as measurement timing configuration, reference frequency for mapping CSI-RS, SSB configuration for mobility, etc.

[0147] The carrier information may be signaled and / or represented by one or more of: an explicit indication of the carrier information (e.g., as defined herein); an identity of a measurement object that includes the carrier information; and / or an identity of a serving cell operating on the carrier.

[0148] The WTRU may perform an action when a condition for a CSI measurement is met (e.g., CSI prompting). For example, the WTRU may be configured to perform a set of channel state information (CSI) measurements for at least one type of CSI over at least one set of CSI resources and perform an action when (e.g., or depending on whether) a condition is met for at least one type of CSI. The WTRU may be configured to perform first and second sets of CSI measurements over first and second sets of CSI resources and perform an action when or depending on whether a condition associated with the first and second sets is met. The action may be, for example, sending an indication that a condition, such as a MAC CE or CSI prompt request, has been met, or activating / deactivating an associated CSI reporting configuration. This type of operation may be referred to as "CSI prompting." This may correspond to the "first type of L1 measurement" described herein.

[0149] One or more types of CSI may be utilized. For example, the types of CSI that may be utilized for a condition may include one or more of the following: L1-RSRP; L1-SINR, Channel Quality Indicator (CQI); Rank Indicator (RI); Precoding Matrix Indicator (PMI); CSI-RS Resource Indicator (CRI); and / or SS Block Resource Indicator (SSBRI).

[0150] One or more resources may be used for measurements and / or filtering. The WTRU may perform measurements on at least one set of SSB blocks, at least one set of non-zero-power CSI-RS (NZP CSI-RS) for channel or interference measurements, and / or at least one set of zero-power CSI-RS for interference measurements. (E.g., each) measurement resource may be configured periodically, semi-persistently, or aperiodically. The resource configuration may include carrier information.

[0151] The WTRU may be configured to perform filtering or averaging over multiple occasions of the measurement resource. The filtering may include, for example, an average or moving average of N occasions, or an infinite impulse response (IIR) filter with a forgetting factor F (e.g., or filter coefficient K). The averaging window may be specified in terms of duration, in which case the WTRU may perform averaging over the number of samples included in the time window.

[0152] The WTRU may be configured to perform filtering or averaging on a set of up to M resources, such as a set of NZP CSI-RS or SSBs, for which the measurement quantity is above a certain configured threshold (ATC). The set of up to M resources may be a subset of the NZP CSI-RS resource set.

[0153] The WTRU may be configured to measure on a subset of multiple opportunities for a measurement resource. Such a subset of multiple opportunities may be determined by configuring a set of periodically repeating measurement time windows. The WTRU may perform measurements on a measurement resource if (e.g., only if) the measurement resource overlaps in time with the measurement time window. The set of measurement time windows may be configured by (e.g., at least) a periodicity, an offset, and a window duration, where the units may be in terms of frames, slots, and / or symbols.

[0154] One or more conditions (e.g., reporting conditions) may be disclosed herein. The WTRU may determine whether a condition (e.g., at least one of the following conditions) is met. The conditions may be identified by a "type."

[0155] A first type of condition may be that the value of a CSI type of a set of resources is higher (e.g., or lower) than a threshold or becomes higher (e.g., or becomes lower) than a threshold. For example, the condition may be that the L1-RSRP, L1-SINR, CQI, or RI is higher or becomes higher than a threshold, or lower or becomes lower than a threshold. The threshold may be an absolute value.

[0156] A second type of condition may be that the value of the CSI type changes or changes by more than a threshold (e.g., positive or negative) with respect to a reference value of the CSI type. For example, the condition may be that the SSBRI and / or CRI change (e.g., by any value), that the RI increases (e.g., or decreases) by more than a value (e.g., 1), or that the L1-RSRP increases (e.g., or decreases) by more than a threshold.

[0157] A third type of condition may be that the value of the CSI type of the first set of resources is or becomes higher (e.g., or lower or becomes lower) than the value of the CSI type of the second set of resources plus an offset (e.g., or minus an offset).

[0158] A fourth type of condition may be that the value of the CSI type of a first set of resources is or becomes higher (e.g., or lower or becomes lower) than a threshold, which may depend on the value of the CSI type of a second set of resources. The second set of resources may be referred to as a "reference set," and the corresponding value may be referred to as a "reference value." For example, the threshold may correspond to the reference value minus or plus an offset. The WTRU may determine the reference set and / or the reference value based on one or more of the following:

[0159] In one example, the reference set may be configured or signaled (eg, explicitly) by RRC or in a MAC CE, such as a MAC CE that activates CSI-prompt measurements.

[0160] In one example, the WTRU may determine the reference set as the resources indicated as reference signals in quasi-colocation information configured for a configured control resource set or configured for an activated transmission configuration indication (TCI) state. If the WTRU is configured with more than one control resource set, the WTRU may determine the reference set as the reference set for which the reference value is maximized or minimized. Alternatively, the WTRU may receive a configuration indicating which control resource set is used to determine the reference set.

[0161] In one example, the WTRU may determine a reference CSI reporting configuration and may use the latest measurement or latest reported value of the corresponding CQI type as the reference value. The reference CSI reporting configuration may be signaled, for example, using a CSI-ReportConfigId by RRC or using a MAC CE, such as a MAC CE that activates CSI-prompt measurements.

[0162] A fifth type of condition may be that the ranking of the CSI type values ​​of a set of resources among the CSI type values ​​across multiple sets of resources changes. For example, the condition may be that the set of CSI resources with the highest value of the CSI type (e.g., L1-RSRP) has changed.

[0163] A sixth type of condition may be a change in the set of L resources for which the value of the CSI type is maximized (e.g., or minimized). For example, the condition may be that the set of resources is one of the sets of L resources with the highest L1-RSRP or L1-SINR.

[0164] To prevent the WTRU from repeatedly determining a condition due to small variations in the CSI type value, a hysteresis or additional offset may be applied to any of the conditions described herein. Additionally, a time-to-trigger (TTT) may be applied such that the WTRU determines that a condition is triggered if (e.g., only if) the condition is met for the duration of the TTT.

[0165] A CSI prompt configuration (e.g., L1 measurement first type) may be used.

[0166] The WTRU may receive a configuration for at least one resource and / or parameter described herein via RRC signaling. The configuration may include CSI measurement resources, filtering parameters, thresholds, reference values, reference sets, CSI types, condition types, offsets, rankings, hysteresis, and / or set size L, etc. Such a configuration may be referred to herein as a "CSI prompt configuration." The CSI prompt configuration may include an identifier parameter. The CSI prompt configuration may be configured as a CSI reporting configuration (CSI-ReportConfig) characterized by a (e.g., newly defined) type (reportConfigType) (e.g., "prompt"). The WTRU may receive a configuration for one or more such CSI prompt configurations.

[0167] The configuration of at least one CSI measurement resource set may be indicated by at least one identifier of a CSI resource configuration (e.g., CSI-ResourceConfigId) and / or by at least one identifier of an NZP CSI-RS resource set, a CSI-SSB resource set, and / or a CSI-IM resource set.

[0168] The WTRU may receive MAC or DCI signaling to activate or deactivate a CSI-prompted configuration, and possibly provide an indication of at least one resource or parameter of the configuration. For example, the WTRU may receive a set of thresholds via RRC signaling and then receive an indication of applicable thresholds within the set of applicable CSI-prompted configurations in a MAC CE. For example, the WTRU may receive an indication of a reference value of RI, CRI, or SSBRI via RRC or in a MAC CE. For example, the WTRU may receive MAC signaling to activate or deactivate a set of CSI resources within a CSI-prompted configuration. For example, the WTRU may receive an activation command (e.g., via a MAC CE or DCI) indicating a CSI type and / or a condition type and / or a threshold (e.g., L1-RSRP falling below a threshold) applicable to the CSI-prompted configuration.

[0169] Linked CSI reporting configurations may be used. For example, a CSI reporting configuration may be linked to (e.g., or combined with) a CSI prompting configuration. In one example, the WTRU may receive, as part of the CSI prompting configuration, an identifier (e.g., via CSI-ReportConfigId) of at least one other CSI reporting configuration that may be activated, deactivated (e.g., released), and / or triggered when a condition is met. Such a configuration may be referred to as a "linked CSI reporting configuration." Whether the at least one linked CSI reporting configuration is activated, deactivated, and / or triggered may be configured as part of the CSI prompting configuration and / or signaled by the MAC CE or DCI. Instead of or in addition to the at least one CSI reporting configuration, the linked CSI configuration may include at least one aperiodic or semi-persistent CSI trigger state.

[0170] If the WTRU does not receive a configuration for a linked CSI reporting configuration or trigger state, the WTRU may determine that any (e.g., or all other) configured CSI reporting configurations or trigger states are linked.

[0171] Alternatively, the CSI prompt and linked CSI reporting configuration may be included as part of the same CSI reporting configuration, in which case additional parameters and resources supporting the CSI prompt may be provided.

[0172] CSI reporting configurations may be linked to L3 measurements. In one example, a WTRU may receive (e.g., via CSI-ReportConfigId) as part of the configuration of an L3 measurement identifier (measid) an identifier of (e.g., at least one) CSI reporting configuration that may be activated, deactivated (e.g., released), and / or triggered according to an event configuration associated with the measurement identifier. The WTRU may transmit L3 measurement reports when such a linked CSI reporting configuration is not configured or when (e.g., only) indicated (e.g., explicitly) in the configuration. The WTRU may receive additional parameters that override parameters configured as part of the linked measurement object for L3 measurements. For example, the WTRU may receive an applicable filtering factor K and / or thresholds for averaging over M resources. The WTRU may possibly receive alternative reporting configuration parameters via reportConfigId. Such parameters may be signaled by RRC (e.g., as part of the L3 measurement configuration) and / or by the MAC CE. The RRC may configure multiple sets of candidate values ​​for the parameters and / or reporting configuration identifiers, and the MAC CE may indicate the set of possible values ​​together with the identifiers of the applicable L3 measurements.

[0173] The WTRU may autonomously activate a linked CSI reporting configuration. For example, when a condition of a CSI prompt configuration is met and / or when a trigger for an L3 measurement (measId) occurs, the WTRU may autonomously activate or deactivate at least one linked CSI reporting configuration.

[0174] In one example, the WTRU may transmit dummy bits instead of CSI information in resources configured for the linked CSI reporting configuration when the linked CSI reporting configuration is not activated, which may have the advantage of avoiding ambiguity about the multiplexing of the PUCCH and PUSCH from the network perspective.

[0175] The WTRU may send an indication (e.g., via a MAC CE) that the condition has been met. For example, the WTRU may start transmitting signaling such as a MAC CE when a condition of a CSI prompting configuration is met. The MAC CE may include one or more of the following: an identifier of the CSI prompting configuration for which the condition is met, a CSI type value for which the condition is met, an identifier of the linked CSI configuration or trigger state, an identifier of the set of CSI resources for which the condition is met, and / or an indication of whether the condition is met or whether the condition is no longer met.

[0176] The WTRU may start transmitting signaling such as a MAC CE when an L3 measurement trigger occurs. The MAC CE may include one or more of the following information: an identifier of the L3 measurement (measid) for which the condition is met, a MAC-level identifier of the L3 measurement for which the condition is met, and / or the measurement result.

[0177] The MAC CE may include MAC-level identifiers of the L3 measurements for which the condition is met. Such MAC-level identifiers may be signaled by the RRC, for example, as part of the configuration of the L3 measurements. Alternatively, the WTRU may receive a MAC CE indicating, for at least one L3 measurement identifier, a mapping between an L3 measurement identifier (measId) and a MAC-level identifier.

[0178] The WTRU may modify L3 measurement parameters if a condition is met. In one example, the WTRU may receive a configuration of at least one set of L3 measurement parameters, such as a filtering factor K, a number of SS blocks or CSI-RS resources to average, and / or an absolute threshold for aggregation of CSI-RS or SS blocks. The WTRU may further receive reporting configuration parameters, such as an offset, a threshold, a hysteresis, and / or at least one identifier of a reporting configuration (reportConfigId). The WTRU may further receive an identifier of at least one L3 measurement (measId). The WTRU may further receive a first (e.g., or second) indication of applicable L3 measurement parameters and / or a set of reporting configuration parameters for at least one L3 measurement if a condition configured as part of the CSI prompt configuration is met (e.g., not met). The WTRU may apply the first or second set of L3 measurement parameters and / or the first or second set of reporting configuration parameters to the at least one L3 measurement if the condition is met (e.g., not met).

[0179] The WTRU may transmit a CSI prompt request when a condition is met. In one example, the WTRU may trigger a request to activate, deactivate, and / or trigger at least one linked CSI reporting configuration or trigger state when a condition is met and / or an L3 measurement identifier is triggered. This request may be referred to as a “CSI prompt request” or a “CSI trigger request” or a “CSI scheduling request.” The WTRU may transmit one or more CSI prompt requests until it receives signaling for activation / deactivation or trigger of at least one linked CSI reporting configuration and / or trigger state (e.g., one or all of them). This signaling may be a “MAC CE to activate / deactivate SP-CSI on PUCCH,” a DCI to activate or release semi-persistent CSI on PUSCH (e.g., DCI scrambled with SP-CSI-RNTI), and / or a DCI to trigger aperiodic CSI associated with the linked CSI reporting configuration and / or trigger state.

[0180] The WTRU may follow the same procedure as for a "CSI Prompt Request" scheduling request. One or more of the following exceptions / additions may apply:

[0181] The CSI prompt request may be canceled by receiving signaling (e.g., as described herein). In the case of multiple linked CSI reporting configurations and / or trigger conditions, the condition for cancellation may be that signaling has been received for at least one of the linked reporting configurations and / or trigger conditions. Alternatively, the condition for cancellation may be that signaling has been received for multiple (e.g., all) linked reporting configurations and / or trigger conditions.

[0182] A CSI prompt request may not be canceled by the transmission of a MAC PDU containing a Buffer Status Report (BSR).

[0183] If the conditions associated with the CSI prompt configuration are no longer met, the CSI prompt request may be canceled.

[0184] The CSI prompting request may be canceled upon receiving signaling (e.g., from the MAC CE) indicating to cancel the CSI prompting request. The signaling may indicate an identifier of the CSI prompting configuration and / or the linked CSI reporting configuration.

[0185] Sending the maximum number of CSI prompt requests may not result in the initiation of the RACH procedure.

[0186] The WTRU may receive a configuration for transmitting a CSI prompt request as part of a CSI prompt configuration. Such a configuration may include, for example, an identifier of a scheduling request configured by a SchedulingRequestConfig. The associated scheduling request resources may be configured by a SchedulingRequestResourceConfig that includes the identifier of the scheduling request.

[0187] When a CSI configuration is linked to an L3 measurement, one or more configurations described herein may be included as part of a configuration that associates the L3 measurement with the linked CSI configuration.

[0188] The WTRU may perform one or more subsequent actions. The WTRU may deactivate the CSI prompting configuration when an event occurs. The event may be one or more of the following: sending a MAC CE notifying that a condition has been met; initiating a CSI prompting request procedure; sending a first CSI prompting request after a condition has been met; receiving signaling to activate / deactivate / trigger CSI for a linked CSI reporting or triggering condition; and / or canceling the CSI prompting request.

[0189] Alternatively, when an event occurs, the WTRU may continue measuring according to the CSI prompt configuration, but may change the condition to the opposite of the previously activated condition. For example, if the WTRU has an active CSI prompt configuration with a condition that the L1-RSRP of the set of resources is higher than a threshold (e.g., plus hysteresis), the WTRU may change the condition to that that the L1-RSRP of the set of resources is lower than that threshold (e.g., subtract hysteresis). The threshold may be the same or a different threshold. Alternatively, the WTRU may continue measuring and take action as described herein when the condition is no longer met.

[0190] Inter-frequency CSI reporting enhancements can be implemented.

[0191] A WTRU may be configured with a CSI measurement configuration that includes one or more resource sets for channel (e.g., SSB, NZP CSI-RS) and / or interference measurements (e.g., NZP CSI-RS, CSI-IM), where a resource set may include carrier information for measurements on a carrier (e.g., or bandwidth portion) different from the serving cell (e.g., or active bandwidth portion). Such resource sets may be referred to herein as “inter-frequency” resource sets, while a resource set that includes resources from the serving cell (e.g., the serving carrier) may be referred to herein as “intra-frequency” resource sets. Alternatively, a WTRU may be configured with a resource set, where one or more (e.g., each) elements of the set may be associated with different carriers. Such a resource set may be referred to herein as a “mixed-frequency” resource set. When multiple resource sets are configured for channel (e.g., or interference) measurements, each (e.g., each) resource set may be associated with a resource set indicator (RSI). Such RSI may be a new CSI reporting type.

[0192] The WTRU may further be configured with a CSI reporting configuration that may be a CSI aperiodic or semi-persistent trigger state, including both intra-frequency and inter-frequency resource sets, and / or inter-frequency resource sets of multiple carriers, or including mixed-frequency resource sets.

[0193] The WTRU may be configured to include CSI corresponding to resources of multiple carriers in a single CSI report. The WTRU may use a combination of RSI and CRI or SSBRI to indicate resources in multiple resource sets. Alternatively, the WTRU may report a new CSI type that extends (e.g., pre-pended or appended) the CRI or SSBRI with the RSI. This may be referred to herein as an extended CRI or SSBRI. Alternatively, the resource sets may be identified by the order of the CRI and L1-RSRP in the report (e.g., intra-frequency resource set first, inter-frequency resource set second, etc.). The WTRU may include at least one CRI or SSBRI (e.g., or extended CRI or SSBRI, or RSI) and / or L1-RSRP of the corresponding resources in the report. A CRI corresponding to a mixed-frequency resource set may have more bits than another CRI (e.g., legacy CRI).

[0194] The WTRU may report a full (e.g., 7-bit) L1-RSRP corresponding to a resource and a differential (e.g., 4-bit) L1-RSRP for the remaining resources. The resource for which the full L1-RSRP is reported may be the resource with the highest L1-RSRP in one or more (e.g., all) resource sets. Alternatively, the resource may be the resource with the highest L1-RSRP in a (e.g., the same) intra-frequency resource set. An additional bit may be added to the differential L1-RSRP to indicate whether the differential is positive or negative.

[0195] The combination of one or more of the RSI, CRI, SSBRI (eg, or extended CRI, SSBRI), and / or L1-RSRP for a resource may be referred to herein as the L1 result.

[0196] The WTRU may include the L1 results from one or more (eg, all) intra-frequency / inter-frequency resource sets ranked by decreasing L1-RSRP.

[0197] The WTRU may include the L1 result from the intra-frequency resource set and from one or more (e.g., each) inter-frequency resource sets. If the L1-RSRP is higher than a threshold, the WTRU may include the L1 result from the inter-frequency resource set. The threshold may be, for example, an absolute threshold, the maximum reported L1-RSRP (e.g., minus an offset), the maximum reported intra-frequency L1-RSRP (e.g., minus an offset), and / or the maximum reported intra- / inter-frequency L1-RSRP (e.g., minus an offset). The threshold may be configured separately for one or more (e.g., each) intra- / inter-frequency resource sets.

[0198] If the maximum L1-RSRP from the intra-frequency resource set is less than a threshold, the WTRU may include the L1 result from the inter-frequency resource set. The threshold may be set separately for one or more (e.g., each) inter-frequency resource sets.

[0199] The WTRU may be configured with a maximum number of total and / or intra / inter (eg, each) frequency L1 results.

[0200] The WTRU may include one or more of the following information in the report (e.g., in CSI Part 1) to help the network decode the report: whether L1 results are included for (e.g., each) inter-frequency in CSI Part 1 (e.g., using a bitmap indication); the total number of reported L1 results; and / or the number of reported L1 results for (e.g., each) intra- / inter-frequency.

[0201] As described herein, the WTRU may receive one or more thresholds, offsets, and / or maximum numbers via an RRC configuration (e.g., as part of a CSI reporting configuration, aperiodic / semi-persistent CSI state trigger configuration, or measurement configuration) and / or via a MAC CE.

[0202] The (e.g., each) configuration of the aperiodic CSI state trigger, the semi-persistent CSI state trigger, and / or the CSI reporting configuration may include an indication of whether inter-frequency L1 reports (e.g., or intra-frequency L1 reports) should be included in the CSI report. Such an indication may be configured separately for one or more (e.g., each) inter-frequency resource sets. Alternatively, the aperiodic CSI field may be extended to indicate this information.

[0203] The WTRU may transmit a binary indication indicating whether the condition is met. For example, the WTRU may be configured to transmit at least one CSI report including a binary indication indicating whether the condition is met for a CSI reporting instance. Resources (e.g., PUCCH resources) for transmission of the CSI report may be signaled as part of the CSI prompting configuration or within a MAC CE that activates the CSI prompting configuration.

[0204] TCI state groups may be provided. For example, the WTRU may receive signaling (e.g., by RRC) for at least one group of TCI state configurations. The WTRU may further receive signaling (e.g., by MAC CE or DCI) indicating an identifier of (e.g., one) such group for subsequent dynamic signaling and / or at least beam indication purposes related to an existing configuration. For example, the WTRU may receive a first MAC CE indicating a group of TCI states. The WTRU may receive a second MAC CE indicating a TCI state identifier for a PDSCH and / or a subset of TCI states for a PDCCH. The WTRU may receive a DCI indicating a TCI state identifier for downlink reception or uplink transmission. The WTRU may determine the applicable TCI state from the group received in the first MAC CE and / or the TCI state identifier received in the second MAC CE or DCI. Alternatively, the WTRU may receive a (e.g., single) MAC CE indicating both a group of TCI states and a subset of TCI state identifiers within that group.

[0205] The WTRU may receive signaling (e.g., via a MAC CE and / or a DCI) that indicates an identifier of a group of TCI state configurations applicable to at least one CSI reporting configuration, CSI resource configuration, CSI-related reporting configuration, and / or NZP CSI-RS resource configuration. Such signaling may also indicate, for at least one TCI state, an identifier of such TCI state.

[0206] The WTRU may perform SSB resource detection and / or reporting. The WTRU may detect and report up to K resources of a particular type, such as SSB resources and serving cell or carrier information for at least one bandwidth portion. Such a report may be referred to herein as an SSB report. The WTRU may indicate at least one of an SSB index, PCI, serving cell index, carrier information, and / or bandwidth portion index for (e.g., each) detected SSB resource. Such information may be referred to herein as parameters of an SSB resource. The same carrier information may be provided for a set of SSB resources. The WTRU may transmit corresponding measurement results, such as L1-RSRP or L1-SINR, for (e.g., each) resource. The WTRU may transmit such a report using MAC CE and may report up to K detected resources for which either measurement (e.g., L1-RSRP or L1-SINR) is highest. The WTRU may trigger the transmission of a report upon receiving signaling by the network requesting the report and / or if the measurement results meet certain criteria. For example, the WTRU may trigger a transmission when there is a change in the set of up to K detected resources. The WTRU may also trigger according to a specific reporting configuration, including (e.g., legacy) defined events such as A3 events. The value of K, bandwidth portion identifier, carrier information, serving cell identifier and / or PCI may be signaled by the network (e.g., using MAC CE and / or RRC). Alternatively, the WTRU may autonomously detect the applicable PCI.

[0207] Flexible TCI states may be provided. In one example, a WTRU may receive (e.g., first) signaling indicating, for at least one TCI state, a TCI state configuration including two or more candidate quasi-co-located (QCL) sources of the same type, such as Type D (e.g., spatial). One or more (e.g., each) of the at least one candidate QCL source may include a configuration for a serving cell, a bandwidth portion identifier, a physical cell identifier, a CSI-RS identifier, an SSB index, a QCL type, a path loss reference, carrier information, uplink power control parameters, etc. Such a configuration may be referred to as a flexible TCI state. The (e.g., each) candidate QCL source may include a configuration for a zone or group identifier, and the (e.g., each) flexible TCI state may also include a group identifier. The WTRU may further receive (e.g., second) signaling (e.g., via a MAC CE and / or DCI) for the at least one flexible TCI state indicating which candidate QCL sources are applicable to the flexible TCI state. Such candidate QCL sources may be referred to as “active” QCL sources. For example, the WTRU may receive a MAC CE indicating a zone identifier and possibly a set or group of TCI flexible states. If a set or group of TCI states is not indicated, the WTRU may determine that the signaling is applicable to one or more (e.g., all) TCI states or flexible TCI states that include candidate QCL sources with the indicated zone identifier. The WTRU may use the flexible TCI states for at least the purposes of CSI measurement and reporting, beam indication, and / or beam failure recovery. For example, the WTRU may receive the configuration of the flexible TCI states in the NZP CSI-RS resource configuration, CSI-RS resource set configuration, and / or CSI-related reporting configuration and may apply the QCL information accordingly. If the set of resources to measure needs to change as a result of mobility, the signaling required to change the CSI reporting configuration may be minimized.In one example, the WTRU may be notified of a set of flexible TCI states for beam failure recovery and may determine that the set of recovery resources includes a set of active QCL sources with flexible TCI states.

[0208] The WTRU may receive signaling indicating, for one or more TCI states, that one or more parameters identifying a QCL source configured for the TCI state are determined by a dynamic manner.

[0209] The WTRU may receive signaling (e.g., via a MAC CE and / or DCI) indicating at least one parameter of a candidate QCL source for a TCI state. For example, the WTRU may receive a MAC CE that includes an identifier of the TCI state, an SSB index, a PCI, and / or a serving cell index or carrier information. The WTRU may then determine the QCL source for this TCI state and serving cell based on the received SSB index, PCI, serving cell index, and / or carrier information.

[0210] In one example, the WTRU may receive a MAC CE that includes an identifier of a set of resources and a TCI state identifier for at least one TCI state. The WTRU may then determine that the QCL source for the Nth TCI state corresponds to the Nth resource of the set.

[0211] In one example, a WTRU may (e.g., initially) receive signaling such as a MAC CE that includes TCI state identifiers for K TCI states and requests the WTRU to detect and report resources, such as SSB resources, that are configured as QCL sources for the respective TCI states. The WTRU may then transmit an SSB report that includes parameters of the SSB resources as described herein. The WTRU may determine that the QCL source for the Nth TCI state corresponds to the Nth SSB resource included in the MAC CE.

[0212] In one example, the WTRU may transmit signaling such as a MAC CE including resources detected by the WTRU and / or corresponding measurement results, where the resources may be defined as one or more of a PCI, an SSB index, a serving cell index, and / or carrier information. A first resource of the MAC CE may identify a QCL source for a first TCI state, and a second resource may identify a QCL source for a second TCI state. The WTRU may apply association upon transmission of a PUSCH including the MAC CE or upon reception of a MAC CE from the network confirming receipt of the MAC CE transmitted by the WTRU.

[0213] In one example, the WTRU may receive signaling such as a MAC CE including resources, which may be defined as one or more of a PCI, an SSB index, a serving cell index, and / or carrier information. A first resource of the MAC CE may identify a QCL source for a first TCI state, and a second resource may identify a QCL source for a second TCI state. The WTRU may apply association after a period of time after successful reception of the MAC CE or after transmission of a HARQ-ACK for a PDSCH carrying the MAC CE.

[0214] A flexible CSI resource configuration for L1 measurements of a candidate cell may be provided. A WTRU may measure and / or report CSI information, such as RI, CQI, SSBRI, and / or CRI, based on one or more measurement resource sets, where one or more elements of the set may depend on a dynamic aspect. For example, the dynamic aspect may be reception / transmission of MAC CE signaling and / or received DCI signaling (e.g., the dynamic signaling may include MAC and / or DCI). Such a resource set may be referred to herein as a dynamic resource set. A dynamic resource set may autonomously and dynamically report the strongest resources (e.g., or beams) that the WTRU autonomously detects and may be used when it needs to perform L1 and / or CSI measurements on such resources (e.g., without RRC reconfiguration). Resources in a dynamic resource set may share common carrier information. The carrier information may be semi-statically configured (e.g., by RRC) for the dynamic resource set or signaled by the MAC CE. Alternatively, the carrier information may be indicated independently for (eg, each) resource of the dynamic resource set.

[0215] The WTRU may receive dynamic signaling indicating the resources included in the dynamic resource set. For example, the WTRU may receive a MAC CE that includes one or more of the following information: an identifier for the applicable CSI measurement configuration, CSI reporting configuration, and / or aperiodic CSI trigger state; a type of resource set, such as whether the resource is SSB (CSI-SSB-ResourceSet) or NZP CSI-RS (NZP-CSI-RS-ResourceSet); an identifier for the resource set, such as CSI-SSB-ResourceSetId; carrier information applicable to the resource set; and / or, for one or more resources, one or more parameters identifying the resource, such as an SSB index, PCI, and / or carrier information for SSB resources, or an NZP CSI-RS resource ID for NZP CSI-RS resources, or an index or order of the resource within the set, which is explicitly or implicitly indicated from the order of the resources in the MAC CE.

[0216] The WTRU may receive a request to detect and / or report resources included in a dynamic resource set. For example, the WTRU may (e.g., initially) receive signaling such as a MAC CE that includes an identifier of a resource set, such as a CSI SSB resource set, and requests the WTRU to detect and report up to K SSB resources included in the resource set. The WTRU may perform such detection for specific carrier information signaled or configured for the indicated resource set in the MAC CE. The WTRU may send an SSB report as described herein and may determine that the Nth resource of the resource set corresponds to the Nth SSB resource included in the MAC CE.

[0217] Dynamically associated CSI-RS may be provided. Dynamically associating a set of CSI-RS resources with an SSB allows CSI reporting of a narrower beam within a wider beam. One or more of the following procedures may be applied:

[0218] A configuration may be performed. The WTRU may be configured with a pool of CSI-RS resource sets per L1 / L2 triggered mobility (LTM) area. The WTRU may be indicated (e.g., by the serving cell) with an index to one or more CSI-RS resource sets (e.g., a resource set may include CSI-RS resources) in the configured pool, and the indicated resource set may be defined as being "activated."

[0219] L1 measurements may be performed. The WTRU may measure a set of configured SSBs within the LTM area, where the SSBs may be associated with cells other than the serving cell. The measurements may be RSRP. The WTRU may determine a first set of RSRP / SSB / PCI combinations to report to the serving cell (e.g., the WTRU may report the best N RSRP values ​​and / or corresponding SSB / PCI indices). The reported measurements may be L1 filtered measurements. The WTRU may determine a subset of SSB / PCI pairs from the first set. For example, the subset may include the SSB / PCI pair with the highest RSRP. The subset of SSB / PCI pairs may be indicated by the gNB (e.g., by MAC CE #1).

[0220] Association may occur. An SSB / PCI from a subset of activated CSI-RS resource sets and SSB / PCI pairs may be determined (e.g., by the WTRU) or indicated (e.g., by the gNB of MAC CE #1) as being "associated." As used herein, the term "associated" may mean that the SSB and CSI-RS resource set are assumed to have a QCL relationship, such as QCL-C and / or QCL-D. The QCL reference of the CSI-RS resource set may be set to the SSB / PCI. Association may be indicated by the gNB and / or achieved via an implicit method. For example, in an implicit method, an SSB / PCI pair in the subset may be associated with a CSI-RS resource set (e.g., if there is an available CSI-RS resource set). For example, an SSB / PCI pair may be associated with an available (e.g., currently unassociated) CSI-RS resource set, which may be the one with the lowest index. The association may follow one or more of the following rules: the association may be established / released / modified by the gNB (e.g., using MAC CE); the association may apply under certain conditions, e.g., certain SSB / PCI pairs may not be allowed for association (e.g., based on priority parameters); and / or a CSI-RS resource set may become available (e.g., the association is released) if the associated SSB / PCI pair drops out of the subset.

[0221] CSI-RS measurement reporting may be performed. The WTRU may measure the associated CSI-RS (e.g., RSRP measurements) and report (e.g., possibly filtered measurements) to the serving cell. CSI-RS reporting may be performed based on one or more of the following: the RSRP (e.g., average / best RSRP) of the CSI-RS resource set (which may be L1 filtered, for example) is greater than a threshold (e.g., above the RSRP of the associated SSB+offset); the CSI-RS resource set may be released if it does not meet RSRP conditions (e.g., for a certain period of time); and / or release of the association may be indicated to the gNB, or the gNB may determine it implicitly from the WTRU report.

[0222] One or more of the embodiments described herein can be extended to TCI states. A pool of TCI states can be configured, and a subset of the TCI states can be assigned to a WTRU. The signal serving as the QCL source for the TCI state can be dynamically updated and transmitted to the SSB / CSI-RS candidates.

[0223] The processes and methods described herein may be applied in any combination, may be applied to other wireless technologies, and may be applied to other services.

[0224] The WTRU may refer to a physical device identifier or a subscription-related identifier, e.g., a user's identifier such as MSISDN, SIP URI, etc. The WTRU may refer to an application-based identifier, e.g., a username that may be used per application.

[0225] The above processes may be implemented in a computer program, software, and / or firmware embodied in a computer-readable medium for execution by a computer and / or processor. Examples of computer-readable media include, but are not limited to, electronic signals (transmitted over wired and / or wireless connections) and / or computer-readable storage media. Examples of computer-readable storage media include, but are not limited to, read-only memory (ROM), random-access memory (RAM), registers, cache memory, semiconductor memory devices, magnetic media (such as, but not limited to, internal hard disks and removable disks), magneto-optical media, and / or optical media (such as, but not limited to, CD-ROM disks and / or digital versatile disks (DVDs)). A processor in combination with software may be used to implement a radio frequency transceiver for use in a WTRU, UE, terminal, base station, RNC, or any host computer.

Claims

1. 1. A wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU), comprising: receiving, from a serving cell, configuration information associated with one or more neighboring cells, the configuration information including an indication of a first type of measurement, an indication of a second type of measurement, and an indication of a reporting condition associated with the first type of measurement; performing the first type of measurements on neighboring cells of the one or more neighboring cells; determining that the reporting condition for the neighboring cell is met based on the first type of measurement; sending, to the serving cell, a request to activate the second type of measurements for the neighboring cell based on the determination that the reporting condition for the neighboring cell is met; and receiving an activation command from the serving cell to report the second type of measurements on the neighboring cells; 10. A WTRU comprising: a processor configured to execute:

2. The processor: performing the second type of measurements on the neighboring cells; and transmitting to the serving cell a report indicating one or more measurements associated with the second type of measurements; The WTRU of claim 1 , further configured to:

3. The WTRU of claim 1 , wherein the first type of measurement comprises a synchronization signal block (SSB) measurement, and the reporting condition comprises a Layer 1 (L1) measurement event trigger condition.

4. The WTRU of claim 1 , wherein the configuration information includes configuration information for the first type of measurements and the second type of measurements for each of a plurality of neighboring cells.

5. 10. The WTRU of claim 1, wherein the activation command is received in one or more of a downlink control information (DCI) or a medium access control (MAC) control element (CE).

6. The WTRU of claim 1 , wherein the request to activate the second type of measurement comprises one or more of a MAC CE or a scheduling request.

7. 10. The WTRU of claim 1, wherein the second type of measurement comprises a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) based measurement of one or more beams associated with the neighboring cell.

8. The WTRU of claim 1 , wherein the first type of measurement and the second type of measurement are L1 measurements.

9. 1. A method implemented in a wireless transmit / receive unit, the method comprising: receiving, from a serving cell, configuration information associated with one or more neighboring cells, the configuration information including an indication of a first type of measurement, an indication of a second type of measurement, and an indication of a reporting condition associated with the first type of measurement; performing the first type of measurements on neighboring cells of the one or more neighboring cells; determining that the reporting condition for the neighboring cell is met based on the first type of measurement; sending, to the serving cell, a request to activate the second type of measurements for the neighboring cell based on the determination that the reporting condition for the neighboring cell is met; and receiving an activation command from the serving cell to report the second type of measurements on the neighboring cells; A method comprising:

10. performing the second type of measurements on the neighboring cells; and transmitting to the serving cell a report indicating one or more measurements associated with the second type of measurements; 10. The method of claim 9, further comprising:

11. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the first type of measurement comprises a synchronization signal block (SSB) measurement and the reporting condition comprises a Layer 1 (L1) measurement event trigger condition.

12. The method of claim 9 , wherein the configuration information includes configuration information for the first type of measurements and the second type of measurements for each of a plurality of neighboring cells.

13. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the activation command is received in one or more of a downlink control information (DCI) or a medium access control (MAC) control element (CE).

14. The method of claim 9 , wherein the request to activate the second type of measurement comprises one or more of a MAC CE or a scheduling request.

15. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the second type of measurement comprises a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) based measurement of one or more beams associated with the neighboring cell.

16. The method of claim 9 , wherein the first type of measurement and the second type of measurement are L1 measurements.

17. A base station (BS), transmitting, to a wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU), configuration information associated with one or more neighboring cells, the configuration information including an indication of a first type of measurement, an indication of a second type of measurement, and an indication of a reporting condition associated with the first type of measurement; receiving a request from the WTRU to activate the second type of measurements for the neighboring cell based on a determination that the reporting condition for the neighboring cell is met; sending an activation command to the WTRU to report measurements associated with the second type of measurements on the neighboring cell; 2. A BS comprising a processor configured to execute:

18. 20. The BS of claim 17, wherein the processor is further configured to receive a report from the WTRU indicating one or more measurements associated with the second type of measurements.

19. 20. The BS of claim 17, wherein the activation command is transmitted in one or more of a downlink control information (DCI) or a medium access control (MAC) control element (CE).

20. 18. The BS of claim 17, wherein the request to activate the second type of measurement is received in one or more of a MAC CE or a scheduling request.

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