protective clothing

Abstract

One embodiment provides a protective clothing system configured to protect an occupant in an extreme environment. The system may include a base layer configured for regulating the occupant's temperature and worn by the occupant, the base layer including a biomarker sensor network for monitoring one or more biomarkers of the occupant. The system may also include an outer layer worn over the base layer, the outer layer including an exoskeleton structure sized such that the occupant fits within the exoskeleton structure and an exoskeleton cover secured to the exoskeleton structure. The system may also include a data storage system capable of storing data generated by the biomarker sensor network.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present disclosure relates to protective clothing systems used to protect crew members in extreme environments such as outer space. [Background technology]

[0002] Protective systems are used to enable humans to operate in increasingly hostile environments, such as on land and in space, against competing chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear (CBRN) threats. When individuals are required to operate in these CBRN environments, protective clothing is used to protect the crew.

[0003] The type of environment and the tasks that need to be performed in those environments can determine the type of clothing. For physically demanding tasks, the clothing often limits the crew's ability to perform those tasks. For example, clothing that allows the crew great mobility tends to be large and cumbersome, or may only offer limited protection, which is not ideal.

[0004] Spacesuit requirements often present special problems. The space environment requires life support systems as well as protection from extreme temperatures and radiation. These factors tend to result in large, bulky suits, which require excessive energy expenditure by the crew when in use. This energy expenditure limits the use of these suits to shorter activities.

[0005] Furthermore, to date, spacesuits are custom-made to accommodate the crew's requirements and are designed based on crew feedback regarding overall fit and feel. This process limits mass production of spacesuits and results in suits that do not always fit precisely. Because the number of people traveling to space and requiring spacesuits is projected to increase dramatically over the next decade, spacesuit development requires a new approach. Summary of the Invention

[0006] One embodiment provides a protective clothing system configured to protect an occupant in an extreme environment, the system comprising: a base layer configured for regulating the temperature of an occupant and worn by the occupant, the base layer including a biomarker sensor network for monitoring one or more biomarkers of the occupant; an outer layer worn over the base layer, the outer layer including an exoskeleton structure sized to allow an occupant to fit within the exoskeleton structure and an exoskeleton cover covering and secured to the exoskeleton structure; and a data storage system capable of storing data generated by the biomarker sensor network.

[0007] The occupant's biomarkers may include musculoskeletal biomarkers. The biomarker sensor network may include one or more biomarker sensors positioned near or on locations related to the occupant's synovial joints, heart, and / or forearms. During use, the one or more sensors may non-invasively monitor the biomarkers. The protective clothing system may include multiple biomarker sensors distributed on a base layer such that the biomarker sensors monitor one or more of the occupant's shoulders, elbows, knees, ankles, heart, and forearms during use.

[0008] The protective clothing system may further include a life support system. The life support system may include a temperature regulation system operable with the base layer to regulate the temperature of the occupant. The temperature regulation system may include a temperature regulation fluid, a heat exchanger in thermal communication with the temperature regulation fluid, and a pump for pumping the temperature regulation fluid. The base layer may include a network of fluid channels through which the temperature regulation fluid may pass to regulate the temperature of the occupant. The base layer may include a first layer and a second layer. The network of fluid channels may be disposed between the first layer and the second layer.

[0009] The life support system may include an air management system that, in use, manages an air environment located within an outer layer in which the occupant is located when using the protective suit system. The air management system may be configured to maintain oxygen and carbon dioxide levels within the air environment within predetermined conditions. The life support system may include a vent for venting the air environment located within the outer layer. The life support system may include a battery pack for powering at least the life support system and a battery management interface for managing the battery pack. The battery pack may be replaceable. The battery management interface may include physical and / or digital inputs and a controller.

[0010] The base layer may be formed from a breathable material having four-way stretch properties. The biomarker sensor network may wirelessly connect to an Internet of Things network. The Internet of Things network may store or rely on the data in a data storage system. The base layer may include a pressure layer configured to apply pressure to the occupant. The pressure layer may be formed from a stretchable material covering an outer surface of the base layer. The pressure layer may cover the entire outer surface of the base layer. The pressure layer may be secured to the base layer.

[0011] The exoskeleton cover may include multiple layers of fabric. The multiple layers of fabric may include one or more fabrics that are flame resistant, fire retardant, impact resistant, self-healing, and / or radiation resistant. The exoskeleton cover may be configured to function at temperatures ranging from -270°C to 1,260°C. The exoskeleton cover may be flame retardant and impact resistant. The exoskeleton cover may have an elastic accordion-like structure or material near or at the occupant's shoulders, elbows, hips, knees, and ankles.

[0012] The exoskeleton structure may include a torso section pivotally connected to the leg sections. The torso section may extend from the occupant's shoulders to their waist during use. The leg sections may extend downward from their waist during use. The torso section may include a flexible spine that branches into wishbones at a lower portion of the flexible spine. The wishbones may be curved to extend downward and around to attach to opposite sides of the leg sections. The flexible spine may also branch into shoulder platforms at an upper portion of the spine. The shoulder platforms may extend laterally over the back of the occupant's shoulders during use to fit over the occupant's shoulders. The leg sections may include a waist section that extends around the waist and includes two leg holes that can receive each of the occupant's legs, and limbs that extend downward on each side of the waist. Each limb may include a joint located in the occupant's knee region. The limbs may include one or more circular leg guards that can receive the occupant's legs.

[0013] The outer layer may include a biomechanical sensor network configured to record data related to movement of the outer layer to monitor occupant energy use and wear of the outer layer. Data generated by the biomechanical sensor network may be received by and stored in a data storage system.

[0014] The protective clothing system may further include a helmet connectable to the outer layer and the data storage system. The helmet may include cognitive tracking sensors capable of tracking the occupant's cognitive functions. The helmet may include a display that provides a means for communicating information related to the protective clothing system to the occupant, including information from the biomarker sensor network and the data storage system.

[0015] The protective clothing system may further include a boot. The boot may include a boot temperature sensor for measuring the temperature of an occupant's foot contained in the boot during use and / or the temperature of the environment outside the boot. The boot may include a boot pressure sensor for measuring the pressure being exerted by the occupant and / or the protective clothing on a surface on which the occupant is standing. Data generated by the boot temperature sensor and the boot pressure sensor may be received by and stored in a data storage system.

[0016] In one embodiment, the protective clothing system may be a space suit.

[0017] Embodiments will now be described, by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying non-limiting drawings. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0018] [Figure 1] FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a base layer. [Figure 2] FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a base layer. [Figure 3] 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of one embodiment of a base layer. [Figure 4] 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of one embodiment of a base layer. [Figure 5] 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of one embodiment of a base layer. [Figure 6] 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of one embodiment of a base layer. [Figure 7a] FIG. 1 shows a front perspective view of the exoskeleton structure attached to an occupant wearing the base layer. [Figure 7b] FIG. 7b is a rear perspective view of the exoskeleton structure of FIG. 7a. [Figure 8] FIG. 1 is a front view of one embodiment of an outer layer. [Figure 9] 1 is an embodiment of the construction of a protective clothing system. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0019] One embodiment relates to a protective clothing system configured to protect a crew member in an extreme environment. In the following description, the protective clothing system is embodied as a space suit. However, the present disclosure is not limited to space suits, and the protective clothing system can be used on land or in water for activities related to chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear (CBRN) environments, and can be used in actual situations or in training or simulations.

[0020] Referring now to FIG. 1 , the protective clothing system is in the form of a spacesuit 10. The spacesuit 10 has a base layer in the form of a sensor suit 11. The sensor suit 11 is worn by a crew member 13 and is sized to fit snugly around the crew member 13. The sensor suit 11 includes a garment 12 having arm sections 14, a torso section 15, and leg sections 16. The functions of the sensor suit 11 include temperature regulation and biomarker monitoring of the crew member. Temperature regulation is achieved by incorporating a network of fluid channels into the sensor suit 11. In use, a temperature regulation fluid can be passed through the fluid channels to regulate the temperature of the crew member 13.

[0021] As shown in FIG. 3, the fluid channel may be in the form of tubes 30 arranged to form a pipe network covering an area of ​​the sensor suit 11. In one embodiment, the tubes 30 are disposed or sandwiched between the first and second clothing layers 12a, 12b of the garment 12. In one embodiment, the tubes 30 are sewn into the garment 12 by sewing the first and second clothing layers 12a, 12b together. In one embodiment, as shown in FIG. 4, the first and second clothing layers 12a, 12b are sewn together to form a hollow passage 32 through which the tubes 30 are disposed. In one embodiment, as shown in FIG. 5, the first and second clothing layers 12a, 12b are joined together by contact points or welds 34, forming a hollow section 30a through which the temperature regulating fluid can pass. Alternatively, the tubes can be threaded through the hollow section 30a (not shown). While the welds 34 are shown as small contact points in FIG. 5, the welds 34 may be wider areas similar to the arrangement shown in FIG. 4. In one embodiment, the fluid channels, such as tubes 30, are disposed on the outer surface of the garment 12. Whatever form the fluid channels take, the fluid channels are capable of circulating a temperature regulating fluid through the garment 12 to regulate the temperature of the occupant 13. In one embodiment, the tubes 30 are attached to one side of the garment 12, such as the inside or outside. This arrangement can be used in addition to or instead of being disposed between garment layers.

[0022] In one embodiment, the pipe network is positioned to cover the entire garment 12. In one embodiment, the pipe network covers selected areas of the garment 12. For example, the pipe network may be positioned over an area of ​​the occupant that has the greatest impact on temperature regulation. The location of the pipe network and the orientation of the tubes 30 within the pipe network may be positioned to maximize flexibility and movement of the garment 12.

[0023] The sensor suit 11 also has a biomarker sensor network integrated into the garment 12. The biomarker sensor network is configured to monitor one or more biomarkers of the occupant 13 during use of the spacesuit 10. The biomarker sensor network includes one or more biomarker sensors disposed near, on, or at locations related to the occupant's 13 synovial joints, heart, and / or forearms. For example, as shown in FIG. 1 , the biomarker sensor network includes shoulder sensor 18, upper arm sensor 22, chest and heart sensor 20, abdomen sensor 24, upper thigh sensor 26, and knee sensor 28. The biomarker sensor network may also include ankle sensors. In one embodiment, one or more of sensors 18, 20, 22, 24, 26, and 28 noninvasively monitor the occupant's 13 biomarkers. For example, sensors 18, 20, 22, 24, 26, and 28 may be positioned in contact with or near the occupant's 13 skin. Sensors 18, 20, 22, 24, 26, and 28 are shown in FIG. 1 as occupying different regions of garment 12. One large sensor may occupy each region, or multiple sensors may cooperate to form each sensor region or sensor array. For example, shoulder sensor 18 may include individual sensors that monitor specific muscles of the shoulder, such as the trapezius, pectoralis major, deltoid, and the upper regions of the long and short biceps.

[0024] In one embodiment, the biomarkers include musculoskeletal biomarkers. For example, monitoring musculoskeletal biomarkers can help monitor the amount of energy the occupant's 13 muscles are using and where that energy is being used, e.g., the abdomen versus the arms. Biomarkers may also include physiological biomarkers such as blood O2 levels, blood pressure, and heart rate. Biomarkers may also include excretory products present in sweat.

[0025] The garment 12 may also include pressure sensors to monitor the pressure exerted on the skin of the occupant 13. For example, when the occupant 13 moves and pushes against an object, such as a component of the exoskeleton structure 102 (referred to herein as "exoskeleton 102"), the pressure sensors can detect the pressure exerted by the object on the occupant 13. The pressure sensors can form part of a biomarker sensor network.

[0026] The sensors of the biomarker sensor network may be located on the skin side of the garment 12. Additionally or alternatively, the sensors of the biomarker sensor network may be embedded within the garment 12, such as located between the first layer 12 and the second layer 12b, similar to the tube 30. The biomarker sensors of the biomarker sensor network may also be located on an outer surface of the garment 12.

[0027] One embodiment of the sensor suit 11a is shown in FIG. 6, illustrating the area associated with the shoulders of the occupant 13. The sensor suit 11a includes a garment 12 having a tube 30 disposed between a first layer 12a and a second layer 12b. A first shoulder sensor 18a is also disposed between the first layer 12a and the second layer 12b, while a second shoulder sensor 18b is disposed on the skin side of the second layer 12b so as to directly contact the skin 15 of the occupant 13 when the garment 12 is in use. The arrangement of the sensor suit 11a shown in FIG. 6 is exemplary only, and the relative positions of the sensors 18a and 18b and the tubes are merely for purposes of illustrating the concepts of the present disclosure and may be applied to other sensors. One of the first shoulder sensor 18a and the second shoulder sensor 18b may be omitted from the sensor suit 11a.

[0028] The garment 12 is made from a four-way stretch material to avoid restricting the movement of the occupant 13. In one embodiment, the garment 12 is made from or includes a breathable material to provide comfort to the occupant 13 when the garment 12 is in use.

[0029] In one embodiment, the sensor suit 11 / 11a includes a pressure layer 50, which can be best seen in FIG. 2. The pressure layer 50 is formed from a stretchable material having arms 52, a torso 54, legs 56, and feet 58 and is positioned over the garment 12. In one embodiment, the arms 52, torso 54, legs 56, and feet 58 are integrated. The pressure layer 50 is configured to apply pressure to the occupant 13 to help counteract the effects of microgravity. As shown in FIG. 2, in one embodiment, the pressure layer 50 covers the entire exterior surface of the sensor suit 11. However, the pressure layer 50 may instead cover only a portion of the garment 12 (not shown). In one embodiment, the pressure layer 50 is secured or attached to the garment 12 by welding and / or sewing, for example, using an adhesive. The pressure layer 50 may also be integrated with the garment 12. Having the pressure layer 50 integrated with or attached to the garment 12 can make it easier for the occupant to don the pressure layer 50. The inside of the pressure layer 50 and / or the sensor suit 11 / 11a may be provided with a reduced friction coating to aid the occupant 13 in donning and doffing the pressure layer 50 and / or the sensor suit 11 / 11a. In applications where the effects of microgravity do not need to be considered, the pressure layer 50 may not be necessary. Thus, the pressure layer is not required in all embodiments. In one embodiment, the pressure layer 50 is a separate item from the sensor suit 11 and is worn over the sensor suit 11.

[0030] The spacesuit 10 also includes an outer layer 100 worn over the sensor suit 11. The outer layer 100 includes an exoskeleton 102, as shown in FIGS. 7a and 7b. The outer layer 100 is sized to allow the occupant 13 to fit inside the exoskeleton 102. The exoskeleton 102 includes a torso portion 110 extending from the shoulders to the hip region of the occupant 13. The torso portion 110 includes a flexible spine 112 that, in use, is positioned adjacent to the upper spinal region of the occupant 13. The flexible spine 112 is articulated to allow the occupant 13 unhindered movement during twisting movements about the spine and lateral and front-to-back arcing movements of the spine. The flexible spine 112 is configured to support weight transmitted down the flexible spine 112.

[0031] A shoulder platform 114 extends from the upper portion of the flexible spine 112. The shoulder platform 114 extends laterally to rest against the back or rear (dorsal) side of the occupant 13. In one embodiment, the shoulder platform 114 extends laterally over the trapezius region of the occupant 13. In one embodiment, the shoulder platform 114 includes a deltoid protector 115 and has an arm guard 116 that terminates in a cuff 118 extending from the deltoid protector 115. The deltoid protector 115 is articulated to allow unhindered movement of the arms of the occupant 13. The arm guard 116 is also articulated around the elbow region of the occupant 13 to allow the arms to bend at the elbow. The cuff 118 may include a coupling mechanism that can engage with a glove 300 (see FIG. 8 ). Torso section 110 also has wishbones 117 branching off from lower sections 121 of flexible spine 112. Wishbones 117 are curved to extend below and around occupant 13 to connect to opposite sides of leg sections 120 so that the ends of the wishbones are positioned in the lumbar region of occupant 13.

[0032] Each of the flexion spine 112, shoulder platform 114, deltoid protector 115, arm guards 116, and cuffs 118 may be separate, interchangeable components. This may be useful when sizing the torso section 110 for occupants of different sizes. In this manner, the torso section 110 is a modular design in which subcomponents such as the flexion spine 112, shoulder platform 114, deltoid protector 115, arm guards 116, and cuffs 118 are replaced as needed.

[0033] The exoskeleton 102 also includes leg sections 120 extending from the occupant's 13 waist region to a lower leg region 132. The lower leg region 132 may be located above the occupant's 13 shins. The upper portions of the leg sections include a waist region 124. The waist region 124 includes two leg holes 126 that can accommodate each leg of the occupant 13. Respective limb sections 128 extend from either side of the waist region 124. The limb sections 128 extend downward to the lower leg region 132. The limb sections 128 include flexible sections or articulation points 130 that correspond to the knee regions of the occupant 13. The flexible or articulated sections 130 allow the occupant to bend their knees during use of the spacesuit 10. The limb sections 128 are also provided with leg guards 134. In the embodiment shown in FIGS. 7a and 7b, the leg guards 134 extend completely around the legs of the occupant 13 when in use. In other words, leg guards 134 are circular. However, in one embodiment, leg guards 134 extend only partially around the legs of occupant 13.

[0034] The torso section 110 and the leg sections 120 are pivotally connected to one another via a pivot joint 119. The pivot joint 119 allows the occupant to pivot forward and backward about the waist. The pivot joint 119 may have limit stops to limit the range of motion, for example, to prevent hyperextension of the occupant 13. To aid in the mobility of the occupant 13, the wishbone 117 may be formed from an elastically deformable material. For example, the wishbone 117 may have a degree of flexibility to allow the occupant to twist in the lower waist region.

[0035] The torso section 110 and leg sections 120 are covered with an exoskeleton cover 136. The exoskeleton cover 136 may be formed from multiple layers of fabric. The type of fabric used for the exoskeleton cover 136 typically depends on the intended use of the protective clothing system, but in the case of the spacesuit 10, includes materials compatible with the space environment. For example, the multiple layers of fabric may include one or more fabrics that are flame-resistant, fire-retardant, impact-resistant, self-healing, and / or radiation-resistant. The multiple layers can be arranged in any order. However, more abrasion- and tear-resistant materials are generally provided as outer layers. The purpose of the exoskeleton cover 143 is to provide a barrier between the occupant and the external environment. In the case of the spacesuit 10, the exoskeleton cover 136 protects the occupant 13 from the extreme heat and cold of outer space, fast-moving micrometeoroids, and, if necessary, space radiation. In one embodiment, the exoskeleton cover 136 is configured to function in temperatures ranging from -270°C to 1,260°C.

[0036] To accommodate movement of occupant 13, in one embodiment, exoskeleton covering 136 has stretchable materials, concertina materials, and / or bellows formed in exoskeleton covering 136 in areas that experience movement, such as the shoulders, elbows, and knees. Because these areas are more prone to wear and tear, these stretchable materials, concertina materials, and / or bellows formed in exoskeleton covering 136 may be provided with protective coverings, such as replaceable wear plates.

[0037] The outer layer 100 includes a biomechanical sensor network configured to record data related to the movement of the outer layer to monitor occupant energy usage and outer layer wear. For example, any movement of the limbs of the occupant 13 can be recorded by a biomechanical sensor network, such as one located in or on the exoskeleton 102, to monitor the energy expenditure of such movement. The outer layer 100 may also include sensors to monitor radiation and temperature.

[0038] The spacesuit 10 also includes a boot 150 for each foot. As best shown in FIG. 7b, each boot 150 includes a boot frame 152 that engages with the lower leg region 132. For example, the lower leg region 132 may include a coupling mechanism that is engageable with an upper portion of the boot frame 152. The boot locking mechanism may allow the boots 150 to be interchanged as needed, such as when larger boots are needed to accommodate the larger feet of various occupants.

[0039] The spacesuit 10 also includes a helmet 200, as shown in FIG. 8 . During use, the helmet 200 connects or engages with the outer layer 100. For example, a lower edge of the helmet 200 can be secured to a helmet locking mechanism located on the torso portion 110 and / or the exoskeleton cover 136 at the occupant's neck region. The helmet includes a visor 210 through which the occupant 13 can see. The helmet 200 includes a display capable of displaying information about the spacesuit 10. The display may be integrated into the visor 210. The helmet 200 is also provided with a cognitive tracking sensor capable of tracking the cognitive functions of the occupant 13 while the spacesuit 10 is in use. The cognitive tracking sensor may include one or more cognitive tracking sensors.

[0040] The boot 150 may have one or more boot pressure sensors for monitoring the pressure being exerted by the crew member 13 and / or the spacesuit 10 on the surface on which the crew member 13 is standing. The boot may also have one or more boot temperature sensors for monitoring the temperature of the crew member's feet and / or the temperature of the environment outside the boot 150. Data generated by the boot temperature and / or boot pressure sensors may be received by and stored in a data storage system.

[0041] The spacesuit 10 also includes a life support system 400. The life support system is generally shown in FIG. 8 as an external unit located in the chest position of the spacesuit 10. This location is merely exemplary, and the life support system 400 may be located on the dorsal side of the spacesuit 10 and / or integrated into the outer layer 100. The life support system may also include features such as sensors separate from the external unit. The life support system 400 is configured to provide the appropriate conditions for the crew member 13 to perform their mission.

[0042] In one embodiment, the life support system 400 includes a temperature regulator 412 (see FIG. 9 ), such as a temperature regulation system. In one form, the temperature regulator 412 includes an air circulator that can circulate heated or cooled air around the interior of the space suit 10 in which the crew member 13 resides. In one embodiment, the temperature regulator 412 can operate in conjunction with the sensor suit 11 to regulate the temperature of the crew member 13. In such an embodiment, the temperature regulator 412 includes a temperature regulation fluid, a heat exchanger in thermal communication with the temperature regulation fluid, and a pump for pumping the temperature regulation fluid.

[0043] The thermoregulator fluid may be pumped through tubing 30 within the garment 12. For example, a fluid channel in the form of tubing 30 may have input and output lines to allow the thermoregulator fluid to pass continuously through and around the garment 12. The crew member 13 typically connects the input and output lines to the thermoregulator 412 when donning the spacesuit 10.

[0044] The life support system 400 also includes an air management system, described as being in the form of an O2 / CO2 regulator 410. While the air management system is described specifically with respect to O2 and CO2, it may also include other gases and compounds that may be present and generated during the crew member's 13 presence in the enclosed environment. For example, the air management system may also monitor and remove gases such as carbon monoxide and maintain an appropriate humidity level within the spacesuit 10. The O2 / CO2 regulator 410 may have a supply of oxygen and an oxygen regeneration unit, which may include a scrubber to remove carbon dioxide. The O2 / CO2 regulator 410 functions to maintain an appropriate level of oxygen in the environment within the spacesuit 10 based on predetermined conditions. The air management system may also include fans and / or pumps for moving air around the interior of the spacesuit 10 in use while the crew member 13 is present. The fans and pumps may help distribute air evenly within the spacesuit 10, for example, to prevent localized carbon dioxide buildup.

[0045] Life support system 400 may also include a vent 416 that allows the environment within spacesuit 10 to vent to the external environment. For example, if the humidity level or internal pressure exceeds a predetermined threshold, the vent may open to reduce the humidity or internal pressure level to within the predetermined threshold.

[0046] Life support system 400 may also include an external tracking device 418. The purpose of external tracking device 418 is to track parameters external to spacesuit 10. For example, the external parameters may include the temperature and pressure of the external environment, the rate of change of the external temperature and pressure, the position of spacesuit 10, etc.

[0047] The life support system 400 includes batteries or battery packs used to power components of the life support system 400 and the spacesuit 10. The term "batteries" includes related components and functions, such as battery management interfaces and systems for managing the battery pack. The batteries may be replaceable or may be fixed in or on the life support system 400 and recharged by an external power source.

[0048] The interoperability of the various components of the spacesuit 10 will now be described with reference to Figure 9. The base layer (i.e., sensor suit 11), outer layer 100, boots 150, and helmet 200 all have sensors capable of monitoring a range of markers and functions of the occupant 13 and the spacesuit 10. These sensors provide information that can be utilized by the life support system 400.

[0049] Starting with the sensor suit 11, the shoulder sensors 18, upper arm sensors 22, chest and heart sensors 20, abdominal sensors 24, upper thigh sensors 26, and knee sensors 28 all provide a stream of biomarker information about the occupant 13. These biomarkers include the occupant's O2 level, the occupant's temperature, and the amount of energy the occupant 13 is using at any given time and location. The sensor suit 11 may also include air sensors, such as O2 / CO2 sensors, for detecting O2 / CO2 levels in the environment within the spacesuit 10. This information generated by the various sensors in the sensor suit 11 is used by the life support system 400 to control, for example, the O2 / CO2 regulator 410 and the temperature regulator 412. For example, if the carbon dioxide level in the environment within the spacesuit 10 exceeds a predetermined threshold, a scrubber or the like can be activated to reduce the concentration of carbon dioxide. Similarly, if the temperature of the occupant 13 is outside the predetermined temperature threshold, the temperature regulator 412 is activated to heat or cool the temperature regulating fluid and then pumps the heated or cooled temperature regulating fluid through fluid channels (e.g., tubes 30) within the garment 12 to bring the temperature of the occupant 13 back within the predetermined temperature threshold.

[0050] The outer layer 100 has biomechanical sensors associated with the exoskeleton 110. Movements by the occupant 13 move the exoskeleton 110, which can be recorded by the biomechanical sensors. The outer layer 100 may also have sensors capable of detecting radiation and temperature. This information may be provided to a data storage system and / or used by the life support system 400 to respond in a proactive or reactive manner to maintain the occupant within predetermined operational conditions (e.g., temperature, O2 levels, etc.).

[0051] The boot 150 has a temperature sensor that monitors the temperature of the occupant's 13 feet. Similar to the temperature sensors used with the sensor suit 11, if the boot temperature sensor detects that the occupant's foot temperature is outside a predetermined temperature threshold, the temperature regulator 412 is activated to heat or cool a temperature-regulating fluid, which is then pumped through the boot 150 to return the occupant's foot temperature to within the predetermined temperature threshold. The predetermined temperature threshold may vary depending on the occupant's location. However, the predetermined temperature threshold is associated with maintaining the occupant's temperature at an appropriate physiological condition, such as body temperature of 37°C.

[0052] The helmet 200 is equipped with sensors for monitoring cognitive function. Such sensors may monitor the eye movements, pupil characteristics, and voice or speech patterns of the crew member 13. If the cognitive tracking sensors detect that the crew member's 13 cognitive function is outside of predetermined parameters, an alert or the like may be provided to the helmet display 212. Data generated by the sensors for monitoring cognitive function may also be used by the life support system 400. For example, drowsiness detected by the sensors for monitoring cognitive function can be corrected by activating the O2 / CO2 regulator to increase the oxygen concentration within the spacesuit 10.

[0053] The sensors in each spacesuit 10 component, such as the sensor suit 11, outer layer 100, boots 150, and helmet 200, may be controlled and operated independently of one another, such that control of the sensors in each component is managed in a distributed manner across the spacesuit 10 components. The various sensors used in the sensor suit 11 may connect wirelessly to an Internet of Things (IoT) network. The IoT network may also encompass electromechanical sensors, such as those associated with the exoskeleton 102, as well as medical sensors for capturing biomarkers, such as those provided in the sensor suit 11. The battery 414 may be used to power the Internet of Things network and may also be used to power the control or operation of the various sensor networks in the various components of the spacesuit 10.

[0054] The spacesuit 10 also includes a data storage system 500 that can store data generated by sensors in the spacesuit components, such as the biomarker sensor network in the sensor suit 11 and the cognitive tracking sensors in the helmet 200. An Internet of Things network is connected to the data storage system 500. During use of the spacesuit 10, various sensors generate data related to various tasks. For example, movement of the occupant 13 requires muscle contraction in the occupant, which can be detected, for example, by the biomarker sensor network. The same movement can also move the exoskeleton 102, which can be detected using the biomechanical sensor network. Data generated by such movement is stored in the data storage system 500 for later analysis. For example, movement of the exoskeleton 102 can be correlated with the muscles used by the occupant 13 for that movement, and analysis of the muscles used can help determine whether the occupant 13 is moving most efficiently. Similarly, monitoring muscle activation and correlating this with movement of the exoskeleton 102 can be used to train the occupant to move correctly within the spacesuit 10. Data stored in data storage system 500 may be accessible in real time via a wireless connection or may be downloaded and analyzed offline.

[0055] The spacesuit system 10 may also include a central control system 600. The central control system 600 may control the life support system 400 using information stored in the data storage system 500 and / or data generated directly by the various sensors. In this manner, the control system 600 plays a role in the telemetry of the spacesuit system 10, with the various sensors of the spacesuit system 10, such as the biomarker sensor network and biomechanical sensors, functioning as individual telemetry devices. While the control system 600 is shown as a standalone component of the spacesuit system 10, it may also be distributed throughout the components of the spacesuit system 10. For example, computing units associated with the sensor suit 11, exoskeleton 102, helmet 200, etc., may collectively form the control system 600. The control system 600 may be associated with or integrated with the life support system 400. The control system 600 may also receive user inputs, such as user interface buttons on the outer cover 136 or voice commands that may be detected by the helmet 200, and process these user inputs to control the spacesuit system 10.

[0056] The data stored in the data storage system may be used to track and monitor the use of the spacesuit 10 by the crew member 13. Machine learning, artificial intelligence, predictive analytics, and the like may be used to process the data in the data storage system. For example, if the temperature of the environment external to the spacesuit 10 changes rapidly, the life support system 400 may proactively adjust to ensure the crew member is operating efficiently. The data stored in the data storage system 500 may also be used to build a digital twin of the suit and training simulations.

[0057] In one embodiment, the spacesuit 10 provides a platform to help manage the human spaceflight lifecycle through energy management, the benefits of low torque operation, and biointelligence generation, resulting in astronaut performance intelligence.

[0058] In the following claims and the foregoing description, unless the context dictates otherwise by express words or necessary implication, the word "comprise" or variations such as "comprises" or "comprising" are used in an inclusive sense, i.e., to specify the presence of stated features but not to exclude the presence or addition of further features in various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0059] Where a prior art publication is referred to herein, it will be understood that such reference does not constitute an acknowledgement that the publication forms part of the common general knowledge in the art in Australia or any other country.

[0060] Such modifications and variations as would be apparent to one skilled in the art are deemed to be within the scope of this disclosure.

Claims

1. 1. A protective clothing system configured to protect an occupant in an extreme environment, the system comprising: a base layer configured for temperature regulation of the occupant and worn by the occupant, the base layer including a biomarker sensor network for monitoring one or more biomarkers of the occupant; an outer layer worn over the base layer, the outer layer including an exoskeleton structure sized to allow the occupant to fit within the exoskeleton structure and an exoskeleton cover covering and secured to the exoskeleton structure; and a data storage system capable of storing data generated by the biomarker sensor network.

2. The protective clothing system of claim 1 , wherein the biomarkers of the occupant include musculoskeletal biomarkers.

3. 3. The protective clothing system of claim 1 or 2, wherein the biomarker sensor network includes one or more biomarker sensors positioned near or on locations associated with the occupant's synovial joints, heart, and / or forearm, and wherein the one or more biomarker sensors non-invasively monitor the one or more biomarkers of the occupant during use.

4. 4. The protective clothing system of claim 3, wherein the one or more biomarker sensors comprise a plurality of biomarker sensors distributed on the base layer to monitor one or more of the occupant's shoulders, elbows, knees, ankles, heart, and forearms during use.

5. The protective clothing system of claim 1 , further comprising a life support system.

6. The protective clothing system of claim 5 , wherein the life support system comprises a temperature regulation system operable with the base layer to regulate the temperature of the occupant.

7. a temperature regulating system including a temperature regulating fluid, a heat exchanger in thermal communication with the temperature regulating fluid, and a pump for delivering the temperature regulating fluid; the base layer including a network of fluid channels through which the temperature regulating fluid can pass to regulate the temperature of the occupant; 7. The protective clothing system of claim 6.

8. the base layer comprises a first layer and a second layer; the network of fluid channels is disposed between the first layer and the second layer.

8. The protective clothing system of claim 7.

9. 9. The protective clothing system of claim 5, wherein the life support system comprises an air management system that, in use, manages an atmospheric environment located within the outer layer in which the occupant is located when the protective clothing system is in use, the air management system being configured to maintain oxygen and carbon dioxide levels within the atmospheric environment within predetermined conditions.

10. 10. The protective clothing system of claim 5, wherein the life support system comprises a vent for venting the air environment located within the outer layer.

11. 11. The protective clothing system of claim 5, wherein the life support system comprises at least a battery pack for powering the life support system, and a battery management interface for managing the battery pack.

12. The protective garment system of claim 11 , wherein the battery pack is replaceable.

13. 13. The protective clothing system of claim 1, wherein the base layer is formed from a breathable material having four-way stretch properties.

14. 14. The protective clothing system of claim 1, wherein the biomarker sensor network is wirelessly connected to an Internet of Things network.

15. 15. The protective clothing system of claim 1, wherein the base layer includes a pressure layer configured to apply pressure to the occupant, the pressure layer being formed from a stretchable material covering an outer surface of the base layer.

16. 16. The protective clothing system of claim 15, wherein the compression layer covers the entire outer surface of the base layer.

17. 17. The protective clothing system of claim 15 or 16, wherein the pressure layer is secured to the base layer.

18. 18. The protective clothing system of any one of claims 1 to 17, wherein the exoskeleton cover comprises a plurality of fabric layers, the plurality of fabric layers including one or more fabrics that are flame resistant, fire retardant, impact resistant, self-healing, and / or radiation resistant.

19. 19. The protective clothing system of any one of claims 1 to 18, wherein the exoskeleton cover is configured to function at temperatures ranging from -270°C to 1,260°C.

20. 20. The protective clothing system of any one of claims 1 to 19, wherein the exoskeleton cover is flame retardant and impact resistant.

21. 21. The protective clothing system of claim 1, wherein the exoskeleton cover has elastic accordion-like structures or materials at the occupant's shoulders, elbows, hips, knees, and ankles.

22. 22. The protective clothing system of any one of claims 1 to 21, wherein the exoskeleton structure includes a torso portion pivotally connected to leg portions, the torso portion extending from the shoulders to the waist of the occupant in use, and the leg portions extending downwardly from the waist in use.

23. 23. The protective clothing system of claim 22, wherein the torso portion includes a flexible spine that branches into wishbones at a lower portion of the flexible spine, the wishbones curving to extend downward and around and attach to opposite sides of the leg portions.

24. 24. The protective clothing system of claim 22 or 23, wherein the flexion spine also branches at an upper portion of the flexion spine into a shoulder platform, the shoulder platform extending laterally to fit over the dorsum of the occupant's shoulder in use.

25. The leg portions include a waist portion extending around the waist, the waist portion comprising: two leg holes capable of receiving respective legs of the occupant; limbs extending downwardly on each outer side of the waist region, the limbs including joints located in the knee region of the occupant; 25. The protective clothing system of any one of claims 22 to 24, comprising:

26. 26. The protective clothing system of claim 25, wherein the limb sections include one or more circular leg guards capable of receiving the occupant's legs.

27. 27. The protective clothing system of any one of claims 1 to 26, wherein the outer layer includes a biomechanical sensor network configured to record data related to movement of the outer layer to monitor occupant energy usage and wear of the outer layer, and wherein data generated by the biomechanical sensor network can be received and stored by the data storage system.

28. 28. The protective clothing system of any one of claims 1 to 27, further comprising a helmet connectable to the outer layer and the data storage system.

29. The helmet, a cognitive tracking sensor capable of tracking the cognitive function of the occupant; and a display that provides a means for communicating information related to the protective garment system to the occupant, including information from the biomarker sensor network and the data storage system; 30. The protective clothing system of claim 28, comprising:

30. 30. The protective clothing system of any one of claims 1 to 29, further comprising a boot.

31. The boots are a boot temperature sensor for measuring the temperature of the occupant's foot contained in the boot in use and / or the temperature of the environment external to the boot; and a boot pressure sensor for measuring the pressure exerted by the occupant and / or the protective suit on a surface on which the occupant is standing; and 31. The protective clothing system of claim 30, wherein data generated by the boot temperature sensor and boot pressure sensor can be received by and stored in the data storage system.

32. 32. The protective clothing system of any one of claims 1 to 31, wherein the protective clothing system is a space suit.

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