Battery management device and method

Abstract

A battery management device according to one embodiment of the present invention includes: a profile acquisition unit configured to acquire a battery profile and a differential profile based on the voltage and capacity of the battery; and a control unit configured to generate a comparative full-cell profile and a comparative differential profile based on a preset reference positive electrode profile and a preset reference negative electrode profile, adjust the reference positive electrode profile and the reference negative electrode profile so that the comparative full-cell profile and the comparative differential profile correspond to the battery profile and the differential profile, respectively, and determine the adjusted positive electrode profile and adjusted negative electrode profile as the positive electrode profile and the negative electrode profile of the battery, respectively.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] This application claims priority based on Korean Patent Application No. 10-2022-0185082 filed on December 26, 2022, and Korean Patent Application No. 10-2023-0191447 filed on December 26, 2023, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety in their specifications and drawings.

[0002] The present invention relates to a battery management device and method, and more particularly to a battery management device and method for estimating positive and negative electrode profiles that indicate the current state of a battery. [Background technology]

[0003] In recent years, the demand for portable electronic products such as laptops, video cameras, and mobile phones has grown rapidly, and as the development of electric vehicles, energy storage batteries, robots, and artificial satellites has gained momentum, research into high-performance batteries that can be repeatedly charged and discharged is being actively conducted.

[0004] Currently, commercially available batteries include nickel-cadmium batteries, nickel-metal hydride batteries, nickel-zinc batteries, and lithium batteries. Among these, lithium batteries are attracting attention due to their advantages of being able to be freely charged and discharged since they have almost no memory effect compared to nickel-based batteries, a very low self-discharge rate, and a high energy density.

[0005] While various research efforts are being conducted to increase the capacity and density of such batteries, improving their lifespan and safety is also important. To improve battery safety, a technology is needed to accurately diagnose the current state of the battery.

[0006] In general, since it is difficult to disassemble and assemble a manufactured battery, it is very difficult to accurately measure the state of the positive and negative electrodes of the battery. Therefore, there is a need for a technology that estimates the current state of the battery by estimating a positive electrode profile indicating the state of the positive electrode of the battery and a negative electrode profile indicating the state of the negative electrode of the battery. Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0007] The present invention has been made to solve the above-mentioned problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a battery management device and method that more accurately estimates the positive electrode profile and the negative electrode profile of a battery.

[0008] Other objects and advantages of the present invention can be understood from the following description and will become more apparent from the embodiments of the present invention, and the objects and advantages of the present invention can be realized by the means and combinations thereof as claimed. [Means for solving the problem]

[0009] A battery management device according to one aspect of the present invention includes a profile acquisition unit configured to acquire a battery profile and a differential profile based on the voltage and capacity of the battery; and a control unit configured to generate a comparative full-cell profile and a comparative differential profile based on a preset reference positive electrode profile and a preset reference negative electrode profile, adjust the reference positive electrode profile and the reference negative electrode profile so that the comparative full-cell profile and the comparative differential profile correspond to the battery profile and the differential profile, respectively, and determine the adjusted positive electrode profile and adjusted negative electrode profile as the positive electrode profile and the negative electrode profile of the battery, respectively.

[0010] The controller can be configured to generate a comparative derivative profile based on the comparative full-cell profile.

[0011] The controller can be configured to adjust the reference positive electrode profile and the reference negative electrode profile based on a first error between the battery profile and the comparison full-cell profile and a second error between the derivative profile and the comparison derivative profile.

[0012] The profile acquisition unit may be configured to acquire at least one of a first differential profile indicating a correspondence relationship between the capacity of the battery and a differential voltage, and a second differential profile indicating a correspondence relationship between the voltage of the battery and a differential capacity.

[0013] The profile acquisition unit may be configured to acquire a first derivative profile and a second derivative profile.

[0014] The controller may be configured to generate, based on the comparative full-cell profile, a first comparative derivative profile corresponding to the first derivative profile and a second comparative derivative profile corresponding to the second derivative profile.

[0015] The controller may be configured to differentiate the comparative full-cell profile with respect to capacity to generate a first comparative derivative profile, and to differentiate the comparative full-cell profile with respect to voltage to generate a second comparative derivative profile.

[0016] The controller may be configured to adjust the reference positive electrode profile and the reference negative electrode profile based on a first error between the battery profile and the comparison full-cell profile, a second error between the first derivative profile and the first comparison derivative profile, and a third error between the second derivative profile and the second comparison derivative profile.

[0017] The control unit may be configured to adjust the reference positive electrode profile and the reference negative electrode profile until the total error of the first error, the second error, and the third error is minimized.

[0018] A battery pack according to another aspect of the present invention includes a battery management device according to an aspect of the present invention.

[0019] A motor vehicle according to yet another aspect of the present invention includes a battery management device according to an aspect of the present invention.

[0020] A battery management method according to yet another aspect of the present invention includes a profile acquisition step of acquiring a battery profile and a differential profile based on the voltage and capacity of the battery; a profile generation step of generating a comparative full-cell profile and a comparative differential profile based on a preset reference positive electrode profile and a preset reference negative electrode profile; a profile adjustment step of adjusting the reference positive electrode profile and the reference negative electrode profile so that the comparative full-cell profile and the comparative differential profile correspond to the battery profile and the differential profile, respectively; and a profile determination step of determining the adjusted positive electrode profile and the adjusted negative electrode profile obtained as a result of the adjustment in the profile adjustment step as the positive electrode profile and the negative electrode profile of the battery, respectively. [Effects of the Invention]

[0021] According to one aspect of the present invention, the positive and negative electrode profiles that reflect the current state of the battery can be estimated in a non-destructive manner.

[0022] The effects of the present invention are not limited to the effects described above, and other effects of the present invention not mentioned will be clearly understood by those skilled in the art from the description of the claims.

[0023] The drawings attached to this specification, together with the detailed description of the invention described below, serve to facilitate a better understanding of the technical concepts of the present invention, and the present invention should not be interpreted as being limited to the matters depicted in the drawings. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0024] [Figure 1] 1 is a diagram illustrating a battery management device according to an embodiment of the present invention; [Figure 2] FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a battery profile according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 3] FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a first derivative profile according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 4] FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating a second derivative profile according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 5] 1A and 1B are diagrams illustrating a reference positive electrode profile and a reference negative electrode profile according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 6] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating a battery profile according to an embodiment of the present invention and a comparative full cell profile. [Figure 7] FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a first derivative profile and a first comparative derivative profile according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 8] 10A and 10B are diagrams illustrating an example of a process for adjusting a reference positive electrode profile and a reference negative electrode profile according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 9] 10A and 10B are diagrams illustrating an example of a process for adjusting a reference positive electrode profile and a reference negative electrode profile according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 10] 10A and 10B are diagrams illustrating an example of a process for adjusting a reference positive electrode profile and a reference negative electrode profile according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 11] 10A and 10B are diagrams illustrating another example of a process for adjusting a reference positive electrode profile and a reference negative electrode profile according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 12] 10A and 10B are diagrams illustrating another example of a process for adjusting a reference positive electrode profile and a reference negative electrode profile according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 13] 10A and 10B are diagrams illustrating another example of a process for adjusting a reference positive electrode profile and a reference negative electrode profile according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 14]FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating a second derivative profile and a second comparative derivative profile according to an embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 15] FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of a battery pack according to another embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 16] FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of a vehicle according to yet another embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 17] FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating a battery management method according to another embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0025] The terms and words used in this specification and claims are not to be interpreted in a limited way to their general or dictionary meanings, but rather to be interpreted in a way that corresponds to the technical idea of ​​the present invention, in accordance with the principle that the inventor himself can appropriately define the concept of terms in order to best describe the invention.

[0026] Therefore, it should be understood that the embodiments described in this specification and the configurations shown in the drawings are merely the most preferred embodiments of the present invention and do not represent the entire technical idea of ​​the present invention, and that there may be various equivalents and modifications that can replace them at the time of this application.

[0027] Furthermore, in the description of the present invention, if it is determined that a detailed description of related known structures or functions may obscure the gist of the present invention, the detailed description will be omitted.

[0028] Terms including ordinal numbers such as "first," "second," etc. are used to distinguish one of various components from other components, and do not limit the components.

[0029] Throughout this specification, when a part "comprises" or "includes" a certain element, this does not mean that other elements are excluded, and that other elements may also be included, unless otherwise specified.

[0030] Furthermore, throughout this specification, when a part is said to be "connected" to another part, this includes not only a "direct connection" but also an "indirect connection" through other elements.

[0031] DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0032] FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a battery management system 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0033] Referring to FIG. 1, a battery management device 100 includes a profile acquisition unit 110 and a control unit 120.

[0034] Here, a battery refers to a single independent cell that has a negative terminal and a positive terminal and can be physically separated. For example, a lithium ion battery or a lithium polymer battery may be considered a battery. The battery may be cylindrical, prismatic, or pouch-shaped. A battery may also refer to a battery bank, a battery module, or a battery pack in which multiple cells are connected in series and / or parallel. Hereinafter, for convenience of explanation, a battery will be described as meaning a single independent cell.

[0035] The profile acquisition unit 110 may be configured to acquire a battery profile and a differential profile based on the voltage and capacity of the battery.

[0036] For example, the battery profile is a profile that indicates the correspondence between voltage (V) and capacity (Q) when the battery's SOC (State of charge) is charged from a preset charging start SOC or 0% to a preset charging end SOC or 100%. As another example, the battery profile may indicate the correspondence between voltage (V) and capacity (Q) when the battery's SOC is discharged from a preset discharging start SOC or 100% to a preset discharging end SOC or 0%.

[0037] Then, by differentiating the battery profile with respect to capacity, a capacity-differential voltage profile (hereinafter referred to as a first differential profile D1) showing the correspondence between the differential voltage (dV / dQ) and the capacity (Q) can be generated. Conversely, by differentiating the battery profile with respect to voltage, a voltage-differential capacity profile (hereinafter referred to as a second differential profile D2) showing the correspondence between the differential capacity (dQ / dV) and the voltage (V) can be generated.

[0038] For example, the C rate for charging or discharging to generate a battery profile is not particularly limited. However, to obtain a more accurate battery profile and differential profile, it is preferable to charge or discharge the battery at a low rate. For example, a battery profile can be generated in the process of charging or discharging the battery at 0.05C.

[0039] For example, the profile acquisition unit 110 may directly receive the battery profile and the differential profile from an external device. That is, the profile acquisition unit 110 may acquire the battery profile and the differential profile by being connected to an external device via a wire and / or a wireless connection and receiving the battery profile and the differential profile.

[0040] As another example, the profile acquisition unit 110 may receive battery information regarding the voltage and capacity of a battery. Then, the profile acquisition unit 110 may generate a battery profile based on the received battery information and generate a differential profile based on the generated battery profile. That is, the profile acquisition unit 110 may acquire the battery profile and the differential profile by directly generating the battery profile and the differential profile based on the battery information.

[0041] The profile acquisition unit 110 may be communicatively connected to the control unit 120. For example, the profile acquisition unit 110 may be connected to the control unit 120 via a wire and / or wireless connection. The profile acquisition unit 110 may transmit the acquired differential profile to the control unit 120.

[0042] Specifically, the profile acquisition unit 110 may be configured to acquire at least one of a first differential profile D1 indicating the correspondence between the capacity of the battery and the differential voltage and a second differential profile D2 indicating the correspondence between the voltage of the battery and the differential capacity.

[0043] 2 is a diagram illustrating a battery profile M according to an embodiment of the present invention. For example, in the embodiment of FIG. 2, the battery profile M may be represented as an XY graph with the X axis representing capacity (Q) and the Y axis representing voltage (V).

[0044] 3 is a diagram illustrating a first differential profile D1 according to an embodiment of the present invention. For example, in the embodiment of FIG. 3, the first differential profile D1 can be represented as an XY graph with the X axis representing capacitance (Q) and the Y axis representing differential voltage (dV / dQ).

[0045] 4 is a diagram schematically illustrating a second differential profile D2 according to an embodiment of the present invention. For example, in the embodiment of FIG. 4, the second differential profile D2 can be represented as an XY graph with the X axis representing voltage (V) and the Y axis representing differential capacitance (dQ / dV).

[0046] The control unit 120 may be configured to generate a comparative full-cell profile and a comparative differential profile based on a preset reference positive electrode profile and a preset reference negative electrode profile.

[0047] First, the control unit 120 can be configured to generate a comparative full-cell profile based on a reference positive electrode profile and a reference negative electrode profile.

[0048] Specifically, the reference positive electrode profile may be a profile showing the correspondence between the capacity and voltage of a reference positive electrode cell that is preset to correspond to the positive electrode of a battery. For example, the reference positive electrode cell may be the positive electrode of a positive electrode coin-type half cell or a three-electrode cell. And the reference negative electrode profile may be a profile showing the correspondence between the capacity and voltage of a reference negative electrode cell that is preset to correspond to the negative electrode of a battery. For example, the reference negative electrode cell may be the negative electrode of a negative electrode coin-type half cell or a three-electrode cell.

[0049] The control unit 120 can generate a comparative full-cell profile that indicates the voltage difference for each capacity between the reference positive electrode profile and the reference negative electrode profile. For example, the control unit 120 can calculate the difference between the positive electrode potential of the reference positive electrode profile and the negative electrode potential of the reference negative electrode profile for each capacity, and generate a comparative full-cell profile based on the calculated result.

[0050] FIG. 5 is a diagram schematically illustrating a reference positive electrode profile Rp and a reference negative electrode profile Rn according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0051] 5, the control unit 120 can calculate the voltage difference between the reference positive electrode profile Rp and the reference negative electrode profile Rn in the capacity range from 5 Ah to 50 Ah, and use the calculated voltage difference to generate the comparative full-cell profile R. The capacity range of the comparative full-cell profile R is 5 Ah to 50 Ah, and the voltage range is 3.0 V to 4.0 V.

[0052] The control unit 120 may be configured to generate a comparative derivative profile based on the generated comparative full-cell profile R.

[0053] Specifically, the control unit 120 may generate a comparative differential profile by differentiating the comparative full-cell profile R with respect to voltage or capacity. Preferably, the control unit 120 may generate the comparative differential profile so as to correspond to the differential profile acquired by the profile acquisition unit 110.

[0054] For example, when the profile acquisition unit 110 acquires the first differential profile D1, the control unit 120 can generate a first comparative differential profile DR1 that indicates the correspondence between the capacitance (Q) and the differential voltage (dV / dQ) by differentiating the comparative full cell profile R with respect to the capacitance.

[0055] As another example, when the profile acquisition unit 110 acquires the second differential profile D2, the control unit 120 can generate a second comparative differential profile DR2 that shows the correspondence between voltage (V) and differential capacity (dQ / dV) by differentiating the comparative full cell profile R with respect to voltage.

[0056] 6 is a diagram illustrating a battery profile M according to an embodiment of the present invention and a comparative full-cell profile R. FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating a first differential profile D1 according to an embodiment of the present invention and a first comparative differential profile DR1.

[0057] In the embodiments of FIGS. 6 and 7, the result of differentiating the battery profile M with respect to capacity is the first derivative profile D1, and the result of differentiating the comparative full-cell profile R with respect to capacity is the first comparative derivative profile DR1.

[0058] In the embodiment of FIG. 7, the control unit 120 can generate a first comparative derivative profile DR1 by differentiating the comparative full-cell profile R with respect to volume so as to correspond to the first derivative profile D1.

[0059] The controller 120 can be configured to adjust the reference positive electrode profile Rp and the reference negative electrode profile Rn so that the comparative full-cell profile and the comparative differential profile correspond to the battery profile and the differential profile, respectively.

[0060] Specifically, the control unit 120 may calculate a first error between the comparison full-cell profile R and the battery profile M. Then, the control unit 120 may be configured to calculate a second error between the comparison derivative profile and the derivative profile.

[0061] For example, in the embodiment of FIG. 6, the control unit 120 may calculate the root mean squared error (RMSE) between the battery profile M and the comparison full-cell profile R. As another example, in the embodiment of FIG. 6, the control unit 120 may calculate a voltage difference d1 between the battery profile M and the comparison full-cell profile R for each capacity. Then, the control unit 120 may calculate the error between the battery profile M and the comparison full-cell profile R by summing up a plurality of calculated voltage differences d1. Here, the voltage difference d1 is a unit error between the battery profile M and the comparison full-cell profile R at the corresponding capacity, and the sum of the voltage differences d1 is the error between the battery profile M and the comparison full-cell profile R.

[0062] For example, in the embodiment of FIG. 7, the control unit 120 may calculate the root mean square error (RMSE) between the first derivative profile D1 and the first comparative derivative profile DR1. As another example, in the embodiment of FIG. 7, the control unit 120 may calculate a derivative voltage difference d2 between the first derivative profile D1 and the first comparative derivative profile DR1 for each capacitance. The control unit 120 may then sum up the calculated derivative voltage differences d2 to calculate the error between the first derivative profile D1 and the first comparative derivative profile DR1. Here, the derivative voltage difference d2 is the unit error between the first derivative profile D1 and the first comparative derivative profile DR1 at the corresponding capacitance, and the sum of the derivative voltage differences d2 is the error between the first derivative profile D1 and the first comparative derivative profile DR1.

[0063] The control unit 120 can be configured to adjust the reference positive electrode profile Rp and the reference negative electrode profile Rn until the calculated error is minimized.

[0064] Specifically, the control unit 120 may calculate a total error including a first error between the battery profile M and the comparative full-cell profile R and a second error between the comparative differential profile DR1 and the differential profile D1. Then, the control unit 120 may adjust the reference positive electrode profile Rp and the reference negative electrode profile Rn by shifting or capacity scaling the profiles so as to minimize the calculated total error.

[0065] Specific examples of adjusting the reference positive electrode profile Rp and the reference negative electrode profile Rn will be described later with reference to FIGS.

[0066] The control unit 120 may be configured to determine an adjusted positive electrode profile and an adjusted negative electrode profile resulting from the adjustment as the positive electrode profile and the negative electrode profile of the battery, respectively.

[0067] Specifically, the control unit 120 may adjust the reference positive electrode profile Rp and the reference negative electrode profile Rn to generate multiple comparative full-cell profiles R. Then, the control unit 120 may generate multiple comparative differential profiles based on the multiple comparative full-cell profiles R. The control unit 120 may identify a comparative full-cell profile that minimizes the total error (the sum of the first error and the second error) from among the multiple comparative full-cell profiles. Then, the control unit 120 may determine the adjusted positive electrode profile and adjusted negative electrode profile corresponding to the identified comparative full-cell profile as the positive electrode profile and negative electrode profile of the battery, respectively.

[0068] The battery management device 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention can determine more accurate positive and negative electrode profiles of a battery by considering both the first error between the battery profile M and the comparison full cell profile R and the second error between the differential profile and the comparison differential profile.

[0069] Meanwhile, the control unit 120 included in the battery management device 100 may selectively include a processor, an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), other chipsets, logic circuits, registers, a communication modem, a data processing device, etc., known in the art, to execute various control logics performed in the present invention. Furthermore, when the control logic is implemented as software, the control unit 120 may be implemented as a collection of program modules. In this case, the program modules may be recorded in memory and executed by the control unit 120. The memory may be provided inside or outside the control unit 120, and may be connected to the control unit 120 by various well-known means.

[0070] The battery management system 100 may further include a recording unit 130. The recording unit 130 may store data and programs necessary for each component of the battery management system 100 to operate and function, or data generated during the operation and function. The recording unit 130 may be any known information recording means capable of recording, erasing, updating, and reading data. For example, the information recording means may include a random access memory (RAM), a flash memory, a read-only memory (ROM), an electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), a register, etc. The recording unit 130 may also store program code that defines processes executable by the control unit 120.

[0071] For example, the recording unit 130 may store the battery profile M and the derivative profiles (first derivative profile D1 and second derivative profile D2) acquired by the profile acquisition unit 110. The recording unit 130 may also store a preset reference positive electrode profile Rp and a preset reference negative electrode profile Rn. The control unit 120 may access the recording unit 130 and acquire the stored profiles.

[0072] Hereinafter, an embodiment in which the control unit 120 adjusts the reference positive electrode profile Rp and the reference negative electrode profile Rn will be described in more detail.

[0073] 8 to 10 are diagrams showing an example of a process for adjusting the reference positive electrode profile Rp and the reference negative electrode profile Rn according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0074] The procedure for generating the comparative full-cell profile S, which will be described with reference to FIGS. 8 to 10, includes a first routine (see FIG. 8) for setting four points (positive electrode participation start point, positive electrode participation end point, negative electrode participation start point, and negative electrode participation end point) corresponding to the target voltage range, a second routine (see FIG. 9) for performing profile shifting, and a third routine (see FIG. 10) for performing capacity scaling. That is, the procedure for generating the comparative full-cell profile S according to one embodiment of the present invention includes the first to third routines.

[0075] First, referring to FIG. 8, the reference positive electrode profile Rp and the reference negative electrode profile Rn are as shown in FIG.

[0076] The control unit 120 determines a positive electrode involvement start point pi, a positive electrode involvement end point pf, a negative electrode involvement start point ni, and a negative electrode involvement end point nf from the reference positive electrode profile Rp and the reference negative electrode profile Rn.

[0077] One of the positive electrode involvement starting point pi and the negative electrode involvement starting point ni depends on the other.

[0078] As an example, the control unit 120 may divide the positive electrode voltage range from the start point to the end point of the reference positive electrode profile Rp into a plurality of minute voltage sections, and then set the boundary point between two adjacent minute voltage sections among the plurality of minute voltage sections as the positive electrode involvement start point pi. Each minute voltage section may have a predetermined size (e.g., 0.01 V). Then, the control unit 120 may set the negative electrode involvement start point ni to a point on the reference negative electrode profile Rn that is lower than the positive electrode involvement start point pi by a first set voltage (e.g., 3 V).

[0079] As another example, the control unit 120 may divide the negative electrode voltage range from the start point to the end point of the reference negative electrode profile Rn into a plurality of minute voltage sections of a predetermined size, and then set the boundary point between two adjacent minute voltage sections among the plurality of minute voltage sections as the negative electrode involvement start point ni. Thereafter, the control unit 120 may search for a point in the reference positive electrode profile Rp that is higher than the negative electrode involvement start point ni by a first set voltage, and set the searched point as the positive electrode involvement start point pi.

[0080] One of the positive and negative engagement end points pf and nf depends on the other.

[0081] For example, the control unit 120 may divide the voltage range from the second set voltage to the end point of the reference positive electrode profile Rp into a plurality of minute voltage sections of a predetermined size, and then set the boundary point between two adjacent minute voltage sections among the plurality of minute voltage sections as the positive electrode involvement end point pf. Thereafter, the control unit 120 may set the negative electrode involvement end point nf to a point on the reference negative electrode profile Rn that is lower than the positive electrode involvement end point pf by the second set voltage (e.g., 4 V).

[0082] As another example, the control unit 120 may divide the negative electrode voltage range from the start point to the end point of the reference negative electrode profile Rn into a plurality of minute voltage sections of a predetermined size, and then set the boundary point between two adjacent minute voltage sections among the plurality of minute voltage sections as the negative electrode involvement end point nf. Thereafter, the control unit 120 may search for a point in the reference positive electrode profile Rp that is higher than the negative electrode involvement end point nf by a second set voltage, and set the searched point as the positive electrode involvement end point pf.

[0083] Once the positive electrode involvement start point pi, the positive electrode involvement end point pf, the negative electrode involvement start point ni, and the negative electrode involvement end point nf have been determined, the control unit 120 shifts at least one of the reference positive electrode profile Rp and the reference negative electrode profile Rn to the left or right along the horizontal axis.

[0084] Referring to FIG. 9, the control unit 120 can shift the reference positive electrode profile Rp and / or the reference negative electrode profile Rn so that the capacitance value at the positive electrode involvement starting point pi and the capacitance value at the negative electrode involvement starting point ni match.

[0085] Alternatively, the control unit 120 may shift the reference positive electrode profile Rp and / or the reference negative electrode profile Rn so that the voltage of the positive electrode engagement end point pf and the voltage of the negative electrode engagement end point nf coincide with each other.

[0086] FIG. 9 illustrates a situation in which an adjusted reference positive electrode profile Rp' is generated by shifting only the reference positive electrode profile Rp to the left, resulting in the voltage at the positive electrode engagement start point pi' matching the voltage at the negative electrode engagement start point ni. The adjusted reference positive electrode profile Rp' is the result of applying an adjustment procedure to the reference positive electrode profile Rp, shifting it to the left by the voltage difference between the positive electrode engagement start point pi and the negative electrode engagement start point ni. Therefore, the two points (pi, pi') differ only in capacitance value and have equal voltages. The two points (pf, pf') differ only in capacitance value and have equal voltages.

[0087] When an adjusted profile (adjusted reference positive electrode profile Rp', reference negative electrode profile Rn) in which at least one of the reference positive electrode profile Rp and the reference negative electrode profile Rn is shifted is obtained, the control unit 120 scales the capacity range of at least one of the adjusted profiles (adjusted reference positive electrode profile Rp', reference negative electrode profile Rn).

[0088] According to the embodiment of FIG. 9, the control unit 120 performs an additional adjustment procedure to contract or expand at least one of the adjusted reference positive electrode profile Rp′ and the reference negative electrode profile Rn along the horizontal axis.

[0089] Referring to FIG. 10 , the control unit 120 may generate the adjusted reference positive electrode profile Rp″ by contracting or expanding the adjusted reference positive electrode profile Rp′ so that the size of the capacity range between the two points (pi′, pf′) of the adjusted reference positive electrode profile Rp′ matches the size of the capacity range of the battery profile M. In this case, one of the two points (pi′, pf′) may be fixed. As a result, the capacity difference between the two points (pi′, pf″) of the adjusted reference positive electrode profile Rp″ may match the capacity range of the battery profile M.

[0090] In addition, the control unit 120 may generate an adjusted reference anode profile Rn' by shrinking or expanding the reference anode profile Rn so that the size of the capacity range between two points (n i, n f ) of the reference anode profile Rn also matches the size of the capacity range of the battery profile M. In this case, one of the two points (n i, n f ) may be fixed. As a result, the capacity difference between the two points (n i, n f ) of the adjusted reference anode profile Rn' may match the capacity range of the battery profile M.

[0091] In FIG. 10, the adjusted reference positive electrode profile Rp'' is the result of contracting the adjusted reference positive electrode profile Rp' shown in FIG. 9, and the adjusted reference negative electrode profile Rn' is the result of expanding the reference negative electrode profile Rn shown in FIG. 9.

[0092] The positive electrode engagement end point pf'' on the adjusted reference positive electrode profile Rp'' corresponds to the positive electrode engagement end point pf on the adjusted reference positive electrode profile Rp'. The negative electrode engagement end point nf' on the adjusted reference negative electrode profile Rn' corresponds to the negative electrode engagement end point nf on the reference negative electrode profile Rn.

[0093] The capacity difference between the positive electrode engagement start point pi' and the positive electrode engagement end point pf'' of the adjusted reference positive electrode profile Rp'' matches the size of the capacity range of the battery profile M. Similarly, the capacity difference between the negative electrode engagement start point ni and the negative electrode engagement end point nf' of the adjusted reference negative electrode profile Rn' matches the size of the capacity range of the battery profile M.

[0094] Furthermore, the capacity range between the two points (pi', pf') of the adjusted reference positive electrode profile Rp'' matches the capacity range between the two points (ni, nf') of the adjusted reference negative electrode profile Rn'. The control unit 120 can generate the comparative full-cell profile S by subtracting the profile between the two points (pi, pf') of the adjusted reference positive electrode profile Rp'' from the profile between the two points (ni, nf') of the adjusted reference negative electrode profile Rn'.

[0095] The control unit 120 may calculate a first error between the comparative full-cell profile S and the battery profile. The control unit 120 may generate a comparative differential profile from the comparative full-cell profile S and calculate a second error between the comparative differential profile and the differential profile. When the total error of the first error and the second error is minimized, the adjusted reference positive electrode profile Rp'' corresponding to the comparative full-cell profile S may be determined as the adjusted positive electrode profile, and the adjusted reference negative electrode profile Rn' may be determined as the adjusted negative electrode profile.

[0096] The control unit 120 can map at least two of the adjusted reference positive electrode profile Rp'', the adjusted reference negative electrode profile Rn', the positive electrode involvement start point pi', the positive electrode involvement end point pf'', the negative electrode involvement start point ni, the negative electrode involvement end point nf', the positive electrode change ratio ps, the negative electrode change ratio ns, the comparative full-cell profile S, and the profile error to each other, and record them in the recording unit 130. Here, the control unit 120 can calculate the ratio of change of the adjusted reference positive electrode profile Rp'' relative to the reference positive electrode profile Rp as the positive electrode change ratio ps. The control unit 120 can then calculate the ratio of change of the adjusted reference negative electrode profile Rn' relative to the reference negative electrode profile Rn as the negative electrode change ratio ns.

[0097] On the other hand, as described above, when the positive electrode voltage range of the reference positive electrode profile Rp is divided into a plurality of minute voltage sections, the boundary point between two adjacent minute voltage sections among the plurality of minute voltage sections can be set as the positive electrode involvement start point pi.

[0098] For example, if the positive electrode voltage range of the reference positive electrode profile Rp is divided into 100 small voltage ranges, the number of boundary points that can be set as the positive electrode involvement start point pf can be 100. Also, if the voltage range equal to or higher than the second set voltage in the reference positive electrode profile Rp is divided into 40 small voltage ranges, the number of boundary points that can be set as the positive electrode involvement end point pf can be 40. In this case, up to 4,000 different comparative full-cell profiles can be generated.

[0099] Of course, it will be readily understood by those skilled in the art that as the size of the minute voltage section decreases, the maximum number of comparative full cell profiles that can be generated increases, and conversely, as the size of the minute voltage section increases, the maximum number of comparative full cell profiles that can be generated decreases.

[0100] 11 to 13 are diagrams showing another example of the process of adjusting the reference positive electrode profile Rp and the reference negative electrode profile Rn according to one embodiment of the present invention. Specifically, FIGS. 11 to 13 are referred to in order to explain another example of the procedure for generating a comparative full-cell profile U. For reference, the embodiment shown in FIGS. 11 to 13 is independent of the embodiment shown in FIGS. 8 to 10. Therefore, terms and reference symbols commonly used in the description of the embodiment shown in FIGS. 8 to 10 and the embodiment shown in FIGS. 11 to 13 should be understood as being limited to each embodiment.

[0101] 11 to 13, the procedure for generating the comparative full-cell profile U is performed in the following order: a fourth routine (see FIG. 11) for capacity scaling, a fifth routine (see FIG. 12) for setting four points (positive electrode contribution start point, positive electrode contribution end point, negative electrode contribution start point, and negative electrode contribution end point), and a sixth routine (see FIG. 13) for profile shifting. That is, the procedure for generating the comparative full-cell profile U according to another embodiment of the present invention includes the fourth to sixth routines.

[0102] Referring to FIG. 11, the reference positive electrode profile Rp and the reference negative electrode profile Rn are the same as those shown in FIG.

[0103] The control unit 120 applies the first scale factor and the second scale factor selected from the scaling numerical range to the reference positive electrode profile Rp and the reference negative electrode profile Rn, respectively, to generate an adjusted reference positive electrode profile Rp' and an adjusted reference negative electrode profile Rn'.

[0104] The scaling value range may be predetermined or may vary depending on the ratio of the size of the capacity range of the battery profile M to the size of the capacity range of the reference full-cell profile R. As an example, if the first and second scale factors can be selected from values ​​in 0.1% intervals (i.e., 90%, 90.1%, 90.2%, ..., 98.9%, 99%) within the scaling value range (e.g., 90% to 99%), 91 values ​​can be selected as the first and second scale factors. In this case, up to 8,281 adjusted profile pairs can be generated according to 91 × 91 = 8,281 adjustment levels (combinations of the first and second scale factors). An adjusted profile pair refers to a combination of an adjusted reference positive electrode profile and an adjusted reference negative electrode profile.

[0105] The adjusted reference positive electrode profile Rp' and the adjusted reference negative electrode profile Rn' shown in Figure 11 illustrate the results of applying a first scale factor and a second scale factor less than 100% to the reference positive electrode profile Rp and the reference negative electrode profile Rn, respectively.

[0106] Because the first scale factor and the second scale factor are less than 100%, the adjusted reference positive electrode profile Rp' is obtained by shrinking the reference positive electrode profile Rp along the horizontal axis, and the adjusted reference negative electrode profile Rn' is obtained by shrinking the reference negative electrode profile Rn along the horizontal axis. To facilitate understanding, the reference positive electrode profile Rp and the reference negative electrode profile Rn are illustrated in outline form, with their respective starting points fixed and only the remaining portions shrinking to the left along the horizontal axis.

[0107] Referring to FIG. 12, the control unit 120 determines the positive electrode involvement start point pi', the positive electrode involvement end point pf', the negative electrode involvement start point ni', and the negative electrode involvement end point nf' from the adjusted reference positive electrode profile Rp' and the adjusted reference negative electrode profile Rn'.

[0108] One of the positive electrode engagement start point pi' and the negative electrode engagement start point ni' may depend on the other. Also, one of the positive electrode engagement end point pf' and the negative electrode engagement end point nf' may depend on the other. Also, one of the positive electrode engagement start point pi' and the positive electrode engagement end point pf' may be set based on the other.

[0109] That is, if any one of the positive electrode involvement start point pi', the positive electrode involvement end point pf', the negative electrode involvement start point ni', and the negative electrode involvement end point nf' is set, the remaining three points can be automatically set according to the first set voltage, the second set voltage, and / or the size of the capacity range of the battery profile M (e.g., the charge capacity from 0% to 100% SOC).

[0110] As an example, the control unit 120 may divide the positive electrode voltage range from the start point to the end point (or the second set voltage) of the adjusted reference positive electrode profile Rp' into a plurality of minute voltage sections, and then set the boundary point between two adjacent minute voltage sections among the plurality of minute voltage sections as the positive electrode involvement start point pi'. Thereafter, the control unit 120 may set the negative electrode involvement start point ni' to a point on the adjusted reference negative electrode profile Rn that is lower than the positive electrode involvement start point pi' by a first set voltage (e.g., 3 V).

[0111] As another example, the control unit 120 may divide the negative electrode voltage range from the start point to the end point of the adjusted reference negative electrode profile Rn' into a plurality of minute voltage sections of a predetermined size, and then set the boundary point between two adjacent minute voltage sections among the plurality of minute voltage sections as the negative electrode involvement start point ni'. Thereafter, the control unit 120 may search for a point in the reference positive electrode profile Rp that is higher than the negative electrode involvement start point ni' by a first set voltage, and set the searched point as the positive electrode involvement start point pi'.

[0112] As yet another example, the control unit 120 may divide the voltage range from the second set voltage to the end point of the adjusted reference positive electrode profile Rp' into a plurality of minute voltage sections of a predetermined size, and then set the boundary point between two adjacent minute voltage sections among the plurality of minute voltage sections as the positive electrode involvement end point pf'. Thereafter, the control unit 120 may search for a point in the adjusted reference negative electrode profile Rn' that is lower than the positive electrode involvement end point pf' by the second set voltage (e.g., 4 V), and set the searched point as the negative electrode involvement end point nf'.

[0113] As yet another example, the control unit 120 may divide the negative electrode voltage range from the start point to the end point of the adjusted reference negative electrode profile Rn' into a plurality of minute voltage sections of a predetermined size, and then set the boundary point between two adjacent minute voltage sections among the plurality of minute voltage sections as the negative electrode involvement end point nf'. Thereafter, the control unit 120 may search for a point in the adjusted reference positive electrode profile Rp' that is higher than the negative electrode involvement end point nf' by a second set voltage, and set the searched point as the positive electrode involvement end point pf'.

[0114] When any one of the positive electrode involvement start point pi', the positive electrode involvement end point pf', the negative electrode involvement start point ni', and the negative electrode involvement end point nf' is determined, the control unit 120 can additionally determine the remaining three points based on the determined points.

[0115] As an example, if the control unit 120 first determines the positive electrode involvement start point pi', the control unit 120 may set a point on the adjusted reference positive electrode profile Rp' having a capacity value larger than the capacity value of the positive electrode involvement start point pi' by the size of the capacity range of the battery profile M as the positive electrode involvement end point pf'. In addition, the control unit 120 may search for a point on the adjusted reference negative electrode profile Rn' that is lower than the positive electrode involvement start point pi' by a first set voltage and set the found point as the negative electrode involvement start point ni'. In addition, the control unit 120 may set a point on the adjusted reference negative electrode profile Rn' having a capacity value larger than the capacity value of the negative electrode involvement start point ni' by the size of the capacity range of the battery profile M as the negative electrode involvement end point nf'.

[0116] As another example, if the positive electrode involvement end point pf' is first determined, the control unit 120 may set a point on the adjusted reference positive electrode profile Rp' having a capacity value smaller than the capacity value of the positive electrode involvement end point pf' by the size of the capacity range of the battery profile M as the positive electrode involvement start point pi'. In addition, the control unit 120 may search for a point on the adjusted reference negative electrode profile Rn' that is lower than the capacity value of the positive electrode involvement end point pf' by a second set voltage and set the found point as the negative electrode involvement end point nf'. In addition, the control unit 120 may set a point on the adjusted reference negative electrode profile Rn' having a capacity value smaller than the capacity value of the negative electrode involvement end point nf' by the size of the capacity range of the battery profile M as the negative electrode involvement start point ni'.

[0117] As yet another example, once the negative electrode involvement start point n i ′ is determined, the control unit 120 may set a point on the adjusted reference negative electrode profile Rn′ having a capacity value greater than the capacity value of the negative electrode involvement start point n i ′ by the size of the capacity range of the battery profile M as the negative electrode involvement end point n f ′. Furthermore, the control unit 120 may search for a point on the adjusted reference positive electrode profile Rp′ that is higher than the negative electrode involvement start point n i ′ by a first set voltage, and set the found point as the positive electrode involvement start point p i ′. Furthermore, the control unit 120 may set a point on the adjusted reference positive electrode profile Rp′ having a capacity value greater than the capacity value of the positive electrode involvement start point p i ′ by the size of the capacity range of the battery profile M as the positive electrode involvement end point p f ′.

[0118] As yet another example, once the negative electrode involvement end point nf′ is determined, the control unit 120 may set a point on the adjusted reference negative electrode profile Rn′ having a capacity value smaller than the capacity value of the negative electrode involvement end point nf′ by the size of the capacity range of the battery profile M as the negative electrode involvement start point n i′. Furthermore, the control unit 120 may search for a point on the adjusted reference positive electrode profile Rp′ that is higher than the negative electrode involvement end point nf′ by a second set voltage, and set the searched point as the positive electrode involvement end point pf′. Furthermore, the control unit 120 may set a point on the adjusted reference positive electrode profile Rp′ having a capacity value smaller than the capacity value of the positive electrode involvement end point pf′ by the size of the capacity range of the battery profile M as the positive electrode involvement start point p i′.

[0119] Once the positive electrode involvement start point pi', positive electrode involvement end point pf', negative electrode involvement start point ni', and negative electrode involvement end point nf' have been determined based on the pair of the first scale factor and the second scale factor, the control unit 120 can shift at least one of the adjusted reference positive electrode profile Rp' and the adjusted reference negative electrode profile Rn' along the horizontal axis so that the capacitance value of the positive electrode involvement start point pi' matches the capacitance value of the negative electrode involvement start point ni', or so that the capacitance value of the positive electrode involvement end point pf' matches the capacitance value of the negative electrode involvement end point nf'.

[0120] The adjusted reference negative electrode profile Rn'' shown in Figure 13 is obtained by shifting only the adjusted reference negative electrode profile Rn' shown in Figure 12 to the right. As a result, the capacitance value at the positive electrode involvement start point pi' and the capacitance value at the negative electrode involvement start point ni'' match. In relation to this, the capacitance difference between the positive electrode involvement start point pi' and the positive electrode involvement end point pf' is the same as the capacitance difference between the negative electrode involvement start point ni' and the negative electrode involvement end point nf'. Therefore, if the capacitance value at the positive electrode involvement start point pi' and the capacitance value at the negative electrode involvement start point ni'' match, the capacitance value at the positive electrode involvement end point pf' and the capacitance value at the negative electrode involvement end point nf'' also match.

[0121] Referring to FIG. 13, the control unit 120 can generate a comparative full-cell profile U by subtracting the partial profile between two points (pi', pf') of the adjusted reference positive electrode profile Rp' from the partial profile between two points (ni'', nf'') of the adjusted reference negative electrode profile Rn''.

[0122] The control unit 120 may calculate a first error between the comparative full-cell profile U and the battery profile. The control unit 120 may generate a comparative differential profile from the comparative full-cell profile U and calculate a second error between the comparative differential profile and the differential profile. When the total error of the first error and the second error is minimized, the adjusted reference positive electrode profile Rp′ corresponding to the comparative full-cell profile U may be determined as the adjusted positive electrode profile, and the adjusted reference negative electrode profile Rn″ may be determined as the adjusted negative electrode profile.

[0123] The control unit 120 may map at least two of the adjusted reference positive electrode profile Rp', the adjusted reference negative electrode profile Rn'', the positive electrode engagement start point pi', the positive electrode engagement end point pf', the negative electrode engagement start point ni'', the negative electrode engagement end point nf'', the positive electrode change ratio ps, the negative electrode change ratio ns, the comparative full-cell profile U, and the profile error to each other and record them in the recording unit 130. For example, the control unit 120 may determine the first scale factor as the positive electrode change ratio ps and the second scale factor as the negative electrode change ratio ns.

[0124] Hereinafter, an embodiment will be described in which the control unit 120 determines the positive electrode profile and the negative electrode profile of the battery by taking into consideration all of the battery profile M, the first differential profile D1, and the second differential profile D2.

[0125] The profile acquisition unit 110 may be configured to acquire a first derivative profile D1 and a second derivative profile D2.

[0126] For example, in the embodiment of FIGS. 3 and 4, the profile acquisition unit 110 may acquire both the first derivative profile D1 and the second derivative profile D2.

[0127] The control unit 120 can be configured to generate a first comparative differential profile DR1 corresponding to the first differential profile D1 and a second comparative differential profile DR2 corresponding to the second differential profile D2 based on the reference positive electrode profile Rp and the reference negative electrode profile Rn.

[0128] Specifically, the control unit 120 can generate a comparative full-cell profile R based on the reference positive electrode profile Rp and the reference negative electrode profile Rn. The control unit 120 can then generate a first comparative derivative profile DR1 by differentiating the comparative full-cell profile R with respect to capacity. The control unit 120 can also generate a second comparative derivative profile DR2 by differentiating the comparative full-cell profile R with respect to voltage.

[0129] The control unit 120 may be configured to adjust the reference positive electrode profile Rp and the reference negative electrode profile Rn based on a first error between the battery profile M and the comparison full cell profile R, a second error between the first derivative profile D1 and the first comparison derivative profile DR1, and a third error between the second derivative profile D2 and the second comparison derivative profile DR2.

[0130] For example, in the embodiment of FIG. 6, the controller 120 may calculate the root mean square error between the battery profile M and the comparison full cell profile R.

[0131] For example, in the embodiment of FIG. 7, the control unit 120 can calculate the root mean square error between the first derivative profile D1 and the first comparison derivative profile DR1.

[0132] FIG. 14 is a diagram schematically illustrating a second derivative profile D2 and a second comparative derivative profile DR2 according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0133] In the embodiments of FIGS. 6 and 14, the result of differentiating the battery profile with respect to voltage is the second derivative profile D2, and the result of differentiating the comparative full-cell profile R with respect to capacity is the second comparative derivative profile DR2.

[0134] For example, in the embodiment of FIG. 14, the control unit 120 may calculate the root mean square error (RMSE) between the second derivative profile D2 and the second comparison derivative profile DR2. As another example, in the embodiment of FIG. 14, the control unit 120 may calculate a differential capacitance difference d3 between the second derivative profile D2 and the second comparison derivative profile DR2 for each voltage. The control unit 120 may then sum up the calculated differential capacitance differences d3 to calculate a second error between the second derivative profile D2 and the second comparison derivative profile DR2. Here, the differential capacitance difference d3 is the unit error between the second derivative profile D2 and the second comparison derivative profile DR2 at the corresponding voltage, and the sum of the differential capacitance differences d3 is the error between the second derivative profile D2 and the second comparison derivative profile DR2.

[0135] The control unit 120 can be configured to adjust the reference positive electrode profile Rp and the reference negative electrode profile Rn until the total error of the first error, the second error, and the third error is minimized.

[0136] Specifically, the control unit 120 may adjust the reference positive electrode profile Rp and the reference negative electrode profile Rn to generate a plurality of comparative full-cell profiles R. The control unit 120 may then identify the comparative full-cell profile R that minimizes the total error of the first error between the battery profile M and the comparative full-cell profile R, the second error between the first derivative profile D1 and the first comparative derivative profile DR1, and the third error between the second derivative profile D2 and the second comparative derivative profile DR2. The control unit 120 may then determine the adjusted positive electrode profile and adjusted negative electrode profile corresponding to the identified comparative full-cell profile R as the positive electrode profile and negative electrode profile of the battery, respectively.

[0137] The battery management device 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention can determine the positive and negative electrode profiles of the battery according to the total error, thereby determining more accurate positive and negative electrode profiles corresponding to the current state of the battery.

[0138] A battery management system 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention may be applied to a battery management system (BMS). That is, a BMS according to the present invention may include the above-described battery management system 100. In this configuration, at least some of the components of the battery management system 100 may be implemented by complementing or adding functions of components included in a conventional BMS. For example, the profile acquisition unit 110, the control unit 120, and the recording unit 130 of the battery management system 100 may be implemented as components of a BMS.

[0139] The battery management system 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention may be included in a battery pack. That is, the battery pack according to the present invention may include the above-described battery management system 100 and one or more battery cells. The battery pack may further include electrical components (relays, fuses, etc.), a case, etc.

[0140] FIG. 15 is a diagram schematically illustrating a battery pack according to another embodiment of the present invention.

[0141] The positive terminal of the battery 10 may be connected to the positive terminal P+ of the battery pack 1, and the negative terminal of the battery 10 may be connected to the negative terminal P- of the battery pack 1.

[0142] The measurement unit 20 may be connected to a first sensing line SL1, a second sensing line SL2, and a third sensing line SL3. Specifically, the measurement unit 20 may be connected to the positive terminal of the battery 10 via the first sensing line SL1 and to the negative terminal of the battery 10 via the second sensing line SL2. The measurement unit 20 may measure the voltage of the battery 10 based on the voltages measured on the first sensing line SL1 and the second sensing line SL2, respectively.

[0143] The measuring unit 20 may also be connected to a current measuring unit A through a third sensing line SL3. For example, the current measuring unit A may be an ammeter or a shunt resistor capable of measuring the charging current and discharging current of the battery 10. The measuring unit 20 may measure the charging current of the battery 10 through the third sensing line SL3 to calculate the charged amount. The measuring unit 20 may also measure the discharging current of the battery 10 through the third sensing line SL3 to calculate the discharged amount.

[0144] An external device may be connected to the positive terminal P+ and the negative terminal P- of the battery pack 1. For example, the external device may be a charging device or a load. The positive terminal of the battery 10, the positive terminal P+ of the battery pack 1, the external device, the negative terminal P- of the battery pack 1, and the negative terminal of the battery 10 may be electrically connected.

[0145] FIG. 16 is a schematic diagram of a vehicle 1500 according to yet another embodiment of the present invention.

[0146] 16 , a battery pack according to an embodiment of the present invention may be mounted on a vehicle 1500 such as an electric vehicle (EV) or a hybrid vehicle (HV). The battery pack 1510 may drive the vehicle 1500 by supplying power to a motor through an inverter provided in the vehicle 1500. Here, the battery pack 1510 may include the battery management device 100. That is, the vehicle 1500 may include the battery management device 100. In this case, the battery management device 100 may be an on-board device included in the vehicle 1500.

[0147] FIG. 17 is a diagram illustrating a battery management method according to yet another embodiment of the present invention.

[0148] Referring to FIG. 17, the battery management method includes a profile acquisition step S100, a comparison profile generation step S200, a profile adjustment step S300, and a profile determination step S400.

[0149] Preferably, each step of the battery management method may be performed by the battery management device 100. In the following, for convenience of explanation, the contents overlapping with the above explanation will be omitted or will be briefly explained.

[0150] The profile acquisition step S100 is a step of acquiring a battery profile M and derivative profiles (first derivative profile D1, second derivative profile D2) based on the voltage and capacity of the battery, and can be executed by the profile acquisition unit 110.

[0151] For example, the profile acquisition unit 110 may be configured to acquire a battery profile M indicating the correspondence between the voltage and capacity of the battery, a first differential profile D1 indicating the correspondence between the voltage and differential capacity of the battery, and a second differential profile D2 indicating the correspondence between the capacity and differential voltage of the battery.

[0152] The profile generation step S200 is a step of generating a comparative full-cell profile R and comparative differential profiles (first comparative differential profile DR1, second comparative differential profile DR2) based on a preset reference positive electrode profile Rp and a preset reference negative electrode profile Rn, and can be executed by the control unit 120.

[0153] Specifically, the control unit 120 can generate a comparative full-cell profile R based on the reference positive electrode profile Rp and the reference negative electrode profile Rn. Then, the control unit 120 can generate comparative derivative profiles (first comparative derivative profile DR1, second comparative derivative profile DR2) by differentiating the comparative full-cell profile R with respect to voltage or capacity. Preferably, the control unit 120 can generate the comparative derivative profiles (first comparative derivative profile DR1, second comparative derivative profile DR2) so as to correspond to the derivative profiles (first comparative derivative profile D1, second comparative derivative profile D2) acquired by the profile acquisition unit 110.

[0154] The profile adjustment step S300 is a step of adjusting the reference positive electrode profile Rp and the reference negative electrode profile Rn so that the comparison full cell profile R and the comparison differential profile (first comparison differential profile DR1, second comparison differential profile DR2) correspond to the battery profile M and the differential profile (first differential profile D1, second differential profile D2), respectively, and can be executed by the control unit 120.

[0155] For example, the control unit 120 may calculate a first error between the battery profile M and the comparative full-cell profile R. Then, the control unit 120 may be configured to calculate a second error between the first derivative profile D1 and the first comparative derivative profile DR1. Then, the control unit 120 may be configured to calculate a third error between the second derivative profile D2 and the second comparative derivative profile DR2. Then, the control unit 120 may be configured to adjust the reference positive electrode profile Rp and the reference negative electrode profile Rn until the total error of the first error, the second error, and the third error is minimized.

[0156] The profile determination step (S400) is a step of determining an adjusted positive electrode profile and an adjusted negative electrode profile according to the adjustment results of the profile adjustment step (S300) as the positive electrode profile and the negative electrode profile of the battery, respectively, and may be performed by the control unit 120.

[0157] Specifically, the control unit 120 may adjust the reference positive electrode profile and the reference negative electrode profile to generate a plurality of comparative full-cell profiles. Then, the control unit 120 may generate a plurality of comparative differential profiles based on the plurality of comparative full-cell profiles. The control unit 120 may identify, from the plurality of comparative differential profiles, a comparative differential profile that minimizes the error from the differential profile. Then, the control unit 120 may determine, as the positive electrode profile and the negative electrode profile of the battery, the adjusted positive electrode profile and the adjusted negative electrode profile corresponding to the identified comparative differential profile.

[0158] The above-described embodiments of the present invention may be implemented not only by the apparatus and method but also by a program that realizes functions corresponding to the configurations of the embodiments of the present invention or a recording medium on which the program is recorded. Such a program or recording medium can be easily implemented by a person skilled in the art from the description of the above-described embodiments.

[0159] As described above, the present invention has been described using limited embodiments and drawings, but the present invention is not limited to these, and it goes without saying that various changes and modifications can be made by a person having ordinary knowledge in the technical field to which the present invention belongs within the technical spirit of the present invention and the equivalent scope of the claims.

[0160] Furthermore, the present invention described above can be variously replaced, modified, and changed by a person having ordinary knowledge in the technical field to which the present invention belongs, within the scope that does not deviate from the technical concept of the present invention, and is not limited to the above-described embodiments and the accompanying drawings, but can be configured by selectively combining all or part of each embodiment for various modifications. [Explanation of symbols]

[0161] 10: Battery pack 11: Battery 12: Measuring part 100: Battery management device 110: Profile acquisition unit 120: Control unit 130: Recording section 1600: Automobiles 1610: Battery pack

Claims

1. a profile acquisition unit configured to acquire a battery profile and a differential profile based on the voltage and capacity of the battery; A control unit, a control unit configured to generate a comparative full-cell profile and a comparative differential profile based on a preset reference positive electrode profile and a preset reference negative electrode profile, adjust the reference positive electrode profile and the reference negative electrode profile so that the comparative full-cell profile and the comparative differential profile correspond to the battery profile and the differential profile, respectively, and determine the adjusted positive electrode profile and adjusted negative electrode profile as the positive electrode profile and the negative electrode profile of the battery, respectively.

2. The battery management device of claim 1 , wherein the control unit is configured to generate the comparative differential profile based on the comparative full-cell profile.

3. 3. The battery management device of claim 1, wherein the control unit is configured to adjust the reference positive electrode profile and the reference negative electrode profile based on a first error between the battery profile and the comparative full-cell profile and a second error between the derivative profile and the comparative derivative profile.

4. 3. The battery management device according to claim 1, wherein the profile acquisition unit is configured to acquire at least one of a first differential profile indicating a correspondence relationship between a capacity of the battery and a differential voltage, and a second differential profile indicating a correspondence relationship between a voltage of the battery and a differential capacity.

5. the profile acquisition unit is configured to acquire the first derivative profile and the second derivative profile; 5. The battery management device of claim 4, wherein the control unit is configured to generate a first comparative derivative profile corresponding to the first derivative profile and a second comparative derivative profile corresponding to the second derivative profile based on the comparative full-cell profile.

6. 6. The battery management device of claim 5, wherein the control unit is configured to differentiate the comparative full cell profile with respect to capacity to generate the first comparative differential profile, and to differentiate the comparative full cell profile with respect to voltage to generate the second comparative differential profile.

7. 6. The battery management device of claim 5, wherein the control unit is configured to adjust the reference positive electrode profile and the reference negative electrode profile based on a first error between the battery profile and the comparative full-cell profile, a second error between the first derivative profile and the first comparative derivative profile, and a third error between the second derivative profile and the second comparative derivative profile.

8. 8. The battery management device of claim 7, wherein the control unit is configured to adjust the reference positive electrode profile and the reference negative electrode profile until a total error of the first error, the second error, and the third error is minimized.

9. A battery pack comprising the battery management device according to claim 1 or 2.

10. A vehicle comprising the battery management device according to claim 1 or 2.

11. a profile acquisition step of acquiring a battery profile and a differential profile based on the voltage and capacity of the battery; a profile generating step of generating a comparative full-cell profile and a comparative differential profile based on a preset reference positive electrode profile and a preset reference negative electrode profile; a profile adjusting step of adjusting the reference positive electrode profile and the reference negative electrode profile so that the comparative full cell profile and the comparative differential profile correspond to the battery profile and the differential profile, respectively; a profile determining step of determining an adjusted positive electrode profile and an adjusted negative electrode profile resulting from the adjustment in the profile adjusting step as a positive electrode profile and a negative electrode profile of the battery, respectively.

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