Electrolytes, battery cells, batteries and electrical devices

Abstract

The present application provides electrolytes, battery cells, batteries, and electrical devices, the electrolytes comprising a first anion shown in formula (I), wherein X, a, b, R 1 , R 2 are each as defined herein. [Formula 1] JPEG2025542398000026.jpg8170

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present application relates to electrolytes, battery cells, batteries and electrical devices. [Background technology]

[0002] In recent years, batteries have been widely applied in energy storage power systems such as hydroelectric, thermal, wind, and solar power plants, as well as in various fields such as power tools, electric bicycles, electric motorcycles, electric vehicles, military equipment, and aerospace. As the applications and popularity of batteries increase, the energy density of batteries using conventional carbon-based materials as anodes has become insufficient to meet demand, resulting in a demand for battery systems with higher energy densities. While batteries using materials such as lithium metal as anodes have high energy densities, the cycle life of such batteries is short. The above discussion does not necessarily constitute prior art, but is intended merely to provide background information relevant to the present application. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The present application provides an electrolyte, a battery cell, a battery, and an electrical device that can improve the cycle performance of a battery.

[0004] In a first aspect of the present application, a compound comprising a first anion shown in formula (I): [ka] X includes one or more elements selected from N, B, P, Al, Si, S, Cl, As, and Se; a represents an integer of 1 or more; b represents an integer of 1 or more; R 1 each independently contains one or more of a halogen atom, a halosulfonyl, a haloalkylsulfonyl, an ester group -O-(C=O)-, and two adjacent R 1 may form a ring with X, and R 2each independently comprise one or more of a C1-C10 linear alkyl, a C1-C10 oxa linear alkyl, a C3-C10 cyclic alkyl, a C1-C10 oxa cyclic alkyl, a C1-C10 halogenated linear alkyl, a C1-C10 oxa halogenated linear alkyl, a C3-C10 halogenated cyclic alkyl, and a C1-C10 oxa halogenated cyclic alkyl, and optionally two adjacent R 2 may form a ring with X, providing an electrolyte.

[0005] The first anion can form a high-quality SEI film on the negative electrode surface, induce dense metal deposition, and improve the battery cycling stability. Meanwhile, it can also reduce its own decomposition consumption and delay the occurrence of the electrolyte drying phenomenon. As a result, the electrolyte provided in the examples of this application can have high reduction resistance and low consumption rate, thereby improving the battery cycling performance.

[0006] In any embodiment of the present application, R 1 each independently contains one or more of a fluorine atom, a fluorosulfonyl, a fluoroalkylsulfonyl, an ester group -O-(C=O)-, and two adjacent R 1 may form a ring with X.

[0007] In any embodiment of the present application, R 1 is a fluorine atom, [ka] and # indicates the linking position.

[0008] R 1 When contains the above group, it forms a higher quality SEI film on the negative electrode surface, induces dense metal deposition, and contributes to further extending the battery cycle life.

[0009] In any embodiment of the present application, R 2each independently include one or more of a C1-C10 oxa chain alkyl, a C1-C10 oxa cyclic alkyl, a C1-C10 oxa halogenated chain alkyl, and a C1-C10 oxa halogenated cyclic alkyl, and optionally two adjacent R 2 may form a ring with X. Oxygen atoms and metal ions have a better bonding effect. Therefore, R 2 If R contains an oxygen heteroatom, 2 provides a second reactive site for complexing with the metal ion, which can improve the reaction rate of the metal ion, further improve the overall stability and reduction resistance of the first anion, further reduce the decomposition consumption of the first anion, delay the occurrence of the drying phenomenon of the electrolyte, and thereby further extend the cycle life of the battery.

[0010] In any embodiment of the present application, R 2 each independently includes one or more of a C1-C10 oxacyclic alkyl and a C1-C10 oxacyclic alkyl, and two adjacent R 2 may form a ring with X. Halogen atoms may be present in R to a certain extent. 2 Therefore, R 2 When the first anion does not contain a halogen atom, the stability and reduction resistance of the first anion as a whole can be further improved, the decomposition consumption of the first anion can be further reduced, and the drying phenomenon of the electrolyte can be delayed, thereby further extending the cycle life of the battery.

[0011] In any embodiment of the present application, R 2 are each independently [ka] [ka] and # indicates the linking position.

[0012] In any embodiment of the present application, R 2each independently contains one or more of B-31, B-32, B-40, B-41, B-60, and B-61, where R 2 contains two oxygen atoms with an appropriate spacing between them, which contributes to better bonding with metallic lithium ions and can further extend the cycle life of the battery.

[0013] In any embodiment of the present application, X comprises one or more elements of N, B, P, and optionally one or more elements of N, B.

[0014] In any embodiment of the present application, X comprises N, a is 1, b is 1, and R 1 includes halosulfonyl or haloalkylsulfonyl, and optionally includes fluorosulfonyl or fluoroalkylsulfonyl; R 2 includes one or more of C1-C10 linear alkyl, C1-C10 oxa linear alkyl, C3-C10 cyclic alkyl, C1-C10 oxa cyclic alkyl, C1-C10 halogenated linear alkyl, C1-C10 oxa halogenated linear alkyl, C3-C10 halogenated cyclic alkyl, C1-C10 oxa halogenated cyclic alkyl, and optionally includes one or more of C1-C10 oxa linear alkyl, C1-C10 oxa cyclic alkyl, C1-C10 oxa halogenated linear alkyl, and C1-C10 oxa halogenated cyclic alkyl, and more optionally includes one or more of C1-C10 oxa linear alkyl, C1-C10 oxa cyclic alkyl.

[0015] In any embodiment of the present application, X comprises B, a represents an integer greater than or equal to 1, b represents an integer greater than or equal to 1, and a+b is 4, and optionally, a is 2 and b is 2. R 1 each independently contains one or more of a halogen atom, an ester group -O-(C=O)-, and two adjacent R 1 may form a ring with X, and optionally, R 1 each independently contains one or more of a fluorine atom and an ester group, and two adjacent R1 may form a ring with X. 2 each independently comprise one or more of a C1-C10 linear alkyl, a C1-C10 oxa linear alkyl, a C3-C10 cyclic alkyl, a C1-C10 oxa cyclic alkyl, a C1-C10 halogenated linear alkyl, a C1-C10 oxa halogenated linear alkyl, a C3-C10 halogenated cyclic alkyl, and a C1-C10 oxa halogenated cyclic alkyl, and optionally two adjacent R 2 may form a ring with X, and optionally, R 2 each independently comprises one or more of a C1-C10 oxa chain alkyl, a C1-C10 oxa cyclic alkyl, a C1-C10 oxa halogenated chain alkyl, and a C1-C10 oxa halogenated cyclic alkyl; R 2 The oxygen atom in the 2 each independently comprises one or more of a C1-C10 oxacyclic alkyl and a C1-C10 oxacyclic alkyl; R 2 The oxygen atom in is directly connected to X.

[0016] In any embodiment of the present application, X comprises P, a represents an integer greater than or equal to 1, b represents an integer greater than or equal to 1, and a+b is 6, optionally, a is 4 or 5, and b is 1 or 2. 1 each independently contains one or more of a halogen atom, an ester group -O-(C=O)-, and two adjacent R 1 may form a ring with X, and optionally, R 1 each independently contains one or more of a fluorine atom, an ester group -O-(C=O)-, and two adjacent R 1 may form a ring with X. 2each independently comprise one or more of a C1-C10 linear alkyl, a C1-C10 oxa linear alkyl, a C3-C10 cyclic alkyl, a C1-C10 oxa cyclic alkyl, a C1-C10 halogenated linear alkyl, a C1-C10 oxa halogenated linear alkyl, a C3-C10 halogenated cyclic alkyl, and a C1-C10 oxa halogenated cyclic alkyl, and optionally two adjacent R 2 may form a ring with X, and optionally, R 2 each independently comprises one or more of a C1-C10 oxa chain alkyl, a C1-C10 oxa cyclic alkyl, a C1-C10 oxa halogenated chain alkyl, and a C1-C10 oxa halogenated cyclic alkyl; R 2 The oxygen atom in the 2 each independently comprises one or more of a C1-C10 oxacyclic alkyl and a C1-C10 oxacyclic alkyl; R 2 The oxygen atom in is directly connected to X.

[0017] In any embodiment of the present application, the first anion is [ka] It includes one or more of the following.

[0018] In any embodiment of the present application, the first anion comprises one or more of I-3, I-4, I-8, I-9, where the group R in the first anion 2 contains two oxygen atoms with an appropriate spacing between them, which contributes to better bonding with metallic lithium ions and can further improve the overall stability and reduction resistance of the first anion, thereby further reducing the decomposition consumption of the first anion, delaying the occurrence of electrolyte drying, and further extending the cycle life of the battery.

[0019] In any embodiment of the present application, the molar concentration of the first anion in the electrolyte is 0.5 to 4 mol / L, preferably 1 to 3.5 mol / L, and more preferably 1.5 to 3 mol / L, thereby improving the reduction resistance of the electrolyte and slowing down the consumption rate of the electrolyte, thereby further extending the cycle life of the battery.

[0020] In any embodiment of the present application, the electrolyte solution further comprises a second anion, wherein the second anion comprises one or more of a bisfluorosulfonylimide anion, a bistrifluoromethanesulfonylimide anion, a bisoxalatoborate anion, a difluorooxalatoborate anion, a difluorobisoxalatophosphate anion, a tetrafluorooxalatophosphate anion, a difluorophosphate anion, a hexafluorophosphate anion, a tetrafluoroborate anion, a hexafluoroarsenate anion, and a trifluoromethanesulfonate anion; optionally, the second anion comprises one or more of a bisfluorosulfonylimide anion, a bistrifluoromethanesulfonylimide anion, a difluorooxalatoborate anion, and a tetrafluorooxalatophosphate anion. These second anions are highly compatible with the first anions and can promote metal ion transport. They also decompose on the surface of the negative electrode to form an SEI film containing a large amount of inorganic fluorine components, promoting dense metal deposition and thereby contributing to longer battery cycle life.

[0021] In any embodiment of the present application, the molar concentration of the second anion in the electrolyte is 4 mol / L or less, optionally 2 mol / L or less, more preferably 1 mol / L or less. By adjusting the concentration of the second anion within the above range, the ion transport performance of the electrolyte and the stability of the electrolyte to the positive and negative electrodes are not affected, thereby contributing to a longer cycle life of the battery.

[0022] In any embodiment of the present application, the electrolyte solution comprises a first cation, and the first cation comprises one or more of an alkali metal ion, an alkaline earth metal ion, a zinc ion, an aluminum ion, and optionally one or more of a lithium ion, a sodium ion, a potassium ion, a magnesium ion, and more optionally lithium ion.

[0023] In any embodiment of the present application, the electrolytic solution includes a solvent, and the solvent includes a first solvent, which includes one or more of an ester-based solvent, a halogenated ester-based solvent, a sulfone-based solvent, a nitrile-based solvent, an ether-based solvent, and an ionic liquid. The first solvent can increase the ionic conductivity and reduction resistance of the electrolytic solution and has high compatibility with the first anion.

[0024] In any embodiment of the present application, the first solvent may be dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, fluoroethylene carbonate, difluoroethylene carbonate, methyl trifluoroethyl carbonate, ethyl trifluoroethyl carbonate, bis(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl) carbonate, methyl formate, ethyl formate, propyl formate, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, propyl acetate, methyl propionate, ethyl propionate, propyl propionate, methyl 2,2,2-trifluoroacetate, ethyl 2,2,2-trifluoroacetate, methyl ether, ethyl ether, propyl ether, butyl ether, methyl ethyl ether, methyl propyl ether, methyl butyl ether, ethyl propyl ether, ethyl butyl ether, propyl butyl ether, dimethoxymethane, diethoxymethane, dipropoxymethane, 1,2-dimethicone,

[0033] The alkoxyethane, dimethoxypropane, 1,2-diethoxyethane, ethylene glycol methyl ethyl ether, diethylene glycol dimethyl ether, triethylene glycol dimethyl ether, tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, 1,3-dioxolane, tetrahydropyran, 1,3-dioxane, 1,4-dioxane, dimethyl sulfone, dimethyl sulfoxide, sulfolane, ethyl methyl sulfone, tetramethylene sulfoxide, ethyl methyl sulfoxide, diethyl sulfone, diethyl sulfoxide, methyl phenyl sulfone, methyl phenyl sulfoxide, ethyl phenyl sulfone, ethyl phenyl sulfoxide, vinyl phenyl sulfone, vinyl phenyl sulfoxide, acetonitrile, propionitrile, butyronitrile, succinonitrile, 2-butenenitrile.

[0025] In any embodiment of the present application, the first solvent comprises one or more of dimethoxymethane, diethoxymethane, dipropoxymethane, 1,2-dimethoxyethane, dimethoxypropane, 1,2-diethoxyethane, ethylene glycol methyl ethyl ether, diethylene glycol dimethyl ether, triethylene glycol dimethyl ether, tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether.

[0026] In any embodiment of the present application, the solvent further comprises a second solvent, and the second solvent comprises one or more of hydrocarbon and halogenated hydrocarbon solvents and fluoroether solvents, which have a wide potential window, are highly compatible with the first solvent, can reduce the viscosity of the electrolyte, and can also facilitate the transport of metal ions.

[0027] In any embodiment of the present application, the second solvent may be cyclohexane, benzene, toluene, p-xylene, m-xylene, o-xylene, fluorobenzene, p-difluorobenzene, m-difluorobenzene, o-difluorobenzene, trifluorotoluene, trifluoromethoxybenzene, decafluoropentane, perfluoropentanone, 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl-2,2,3,3-tetrafluoropropyl ether, 1,2-bis(1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy)ethane, bis(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)ether, 1,1,2,3,3,3-hexafluoropropyl ethyl ether, 1H,1H,5H-octafluoropropyl ... and one or more of 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl ether, ethyl trifluoromethyl ether, difluoromethyl-2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropyl ether, heptafluoropropyl-1,2,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl ether, difluoromethyl-2,2,3,3-tetrafluoropropyl ether, perfluoroisopropyl methyl ether, 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl-2,2,2-trifluoroethyl ether, ethyl-1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl ether, ethyl-2,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl ether, and bis(1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl)ether.

[0028] In any embodiment of the present application, the second solvent comprises one or more of trifluoromethoxybenzene, 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl-2,2,3,3-tetrafluoropropyl ether, 1,2-bis(1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy)ethane.

[0029] In any embodiment of the present application, the solvent includes a first solvent and a second solvent, and the weight ratio of the first solvent to the second solvent is (0.1 to 10): 1, preferably (0.3 to 3): 1, and more preferably (0.5 to 1.5): 1. This can increase the ionic conductivity and decrease the viscosity of the electrolyte, thereby improving the coulombic efficiency and cycle life of the battery.

[0030] In any embodiment of the present application, the electrolyte solution further comprises an additive, and the additive comprises one or more of propane sultone, ethylene sulfate, ethylene sulfite, tris(trimethylsilyl)phosphate, tris(trimethylsilyl)phosphite, tris(trifluoroethyl)phosphate, tris(trifluoroethyl)phosphite, tris(trimethylsilyl)borate, dimethylmaleic anhydride, and 1,4-diisocyanatobutane.

[0031] In any embodiment of the present application, the weight percentage of the additive in the electrolyte is 5 wt% or less, optionally 3 wt% or less, more preferably 1 wt% or less.

[0032] In a second aspect of the present application, there is provided a battery cell comprising the electrolyte according to the first aspect of the present application.

[0033] In any embodiment of the present application, the battery cell includes a metal battery cell, a metal-air battery cell, a metal-sulfur battery cell, and an anode-free metal battery cell, and optionally includes a lithium metal battery cell, an anode-free lithium metal battery cell, a lithium-air battery cell, and a lithium-sulfur battery cell.

[0034] In a third aspect of the present application, there is provided a battery including the battery cell according to the second aspect of the present application.

[0035] In a fourth aspect of the present application, there is provided an electrical device comprising a battery according to the third aspect of the present application.

[0036] The electrical device of the present application includes the battery provided in the present application and therefore has at least the same advantages as said battery. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0037] In order to more clearly explain the technical solution of the present application, the drawings used in the present application will be briefly described below. The drawings described below are only for illustrating some embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious that those skilled in the art can conceive of other drawings based on these drawings without creative work. [Figure 1] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of one embodiment of a battery cell of the present application. [Figure 2] FIG. 1 is an exploded schematic view of one embodiment of a battery cell of the present application. [Figure 3] 1 is a schematic diagram of one embodiment of a battery module of the present application. [Figure 4] 1 is a schematic diagram of one embodiment of a battery pack of the present application. [Figure 5] 5 is an exploded schematic view of the embodiment of the battery pack shown in FIG. 4. [Figure 6] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of one embodiment of an electrical device that includes a battery of the present application as a power source. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0038] Hereinafter, with appropriate reference to the drawings, embodiments specifically disclosing the electrolyte, battery cell, battery, and electric device of the present application will be described in detail. However, unnecessary detailed description may be omitted. For example, detailed description of well-known matters or redundant description of actually identical structures may be omitted. This is to avoid unnecessary redundancy in the following description so as to facilitate understanding by those skilled in the art. Furthermore, the drawings and the following description are provided to enable those skilled in the art to fully understand the present application, and are not intended to limit the scope of the claims.

[0039] The "ranges" disclosed in this application are defined by lower and upper limits. A given range is defined by selecting one lower limit and one upper limit, and the selected lower and upper limits define the boundaries of that particular range. Such defined ranges may or may not include endpoints and may be arbitrarily combined, i.e., any lower limit and any upper limit may be combined to form a single range. For example, if ranges of 60 to 120 and 80 to 110 are recited for a particular parameter, it is understood that the ranges of 60 to 110 and 80 to 120 are also contemplated. Furthermore, if the minimum range values ​​are 1 and 2 and the maximum range values ​​are 3, 4, and 5, the ranges of 1 to 3, 1 to 4, 1 to 5, 2 to 3, 2 to 4, and 2 to 5 are all contemplated. In this application, unless otherwise specified, a numerical range of "a to b" represents a shorthand notation for any combination of real numbers between a and b, where a and b are both real numbers. For example, a numerical range of "0 to 5" indicates that all real numbers between "0 and 5" are listed in this specification, and "0 to 5" is merely shorthand for combinations of these numbers. Note that when a parameter is described as an integer of 2 or greater, this is equivalent to disclosing that the parameter is an integer such as 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, etc.

[0040] Unless otherwise specified, all embodiments and optional embodiments of the present application can be combined with each other to form new technical solutions, and such technical solutions should be deemed to be included in the disclosure content of the present application.

[0041] Unless otherwise specified, all technical features and optional technical features of this application may be combined with each other to form new technical solutions, and such technical solutions shall be deemed to be included in the disclosure content of this application.

[0042] Unless otherwise specified, all steps in this application may be performed in order or randomly, preferably in order. For example, when the method includes steps (a) and (b), it means that the method may include steps (a) and (b) performed in order, or may include steps (b) and (a) performed in order. For example, when the method further includes step (c), it means that step (c) can be added to the method in any order. For example, the method may include steps (a), (b), and (c), or may include steps (a), (c), and (b), or may include steps (c), (a), and (b), or may be otherwise.

[0043] Unless otherwise specified, the terms "comprise" and "comprises" in this application are open-ended but may also be closed-ended. For example, the terms "comprise" and "comprises" may further include or include other components not listed, or may include or include only the listed components.

[0044] In this application, the term "or" is inclusive unless otherwise specified. For example, the phrase "A or B" means "A, B, or both A and B." More specifically, any of the following conditions satisfy the condition "A or B": A is true (or exists) and B is false (or does not exist), A is false (or does not exist) and B is true (or exists), or both A and B are true (or exist).

[0045] Unless otherwise specified, in this application, terms such as "first," "second," etc. are intended to distinguish between different objects and not to describe a particular order or primary and secondary relationship.

[0046] Unless otherwise specified, terms used in this application have the known meanings commonly understood by those skilled in the art.

[0047] Unless otherwise specified, the numerical values ​​of each parameter mentioned in this application can be measured by various measurement methods commonly used in the art, for example, according to the measurement methods shown in the examples of this application. Unless otherwise specified, the measurement temperature for each parameter is 25°C.

[0048] The term "chain alkyl" encompasses straight-chain and branched alkyls. Examples of chain alkyls include, but are not limited to, methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, tert-butyl, pentyl, isopentyl, and the like. In various embodiments, a C1-C10 chain alkyl means that the chain alkyl can contain from 1 to 10 carbon atoms.

[0049] The term "oxa-chain alkyl" refers to a chain alkyl containing an oxygen atom in the main chain. The number of oxygen atoms in the oxa-chain alkyl may be one or more. In various embodiments, a C1-C10 oxa-chain alkyl means that the oxa-chain alkyl may contain 1 to 10 carbon atoms.

[0050] The term "cyclic alkyl" refers to a closed alicyclic system. Examples of cyclic alkyls include, but are not limited to, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, and the like. In various embodiments, a C3-C10 cyclic alkyl means that the cyclic alkyl can contain from 3 to 10 carbon atoms. The ring of a cyclic alkyl may or may not contain alkyl substituents.

[0051] The term "oxacycloalkyl" refers to a cyclic alkyl containing an oxygen atom. The number of oxygen atoms in an oxacycloalkyl may be one or more. Examples of oxacycloalkyls include, but are not limited to, tetrahydrofuran, tetrahydropyran, 1,3-dioxolane, 1,3-dioxane, 1,4-dioxane, and the like. In various embodiments, a C1-C10 oxacycloalkyl means that the oxacycloalkyl can contain 1 to 10 carbon atoms. The ring of an oxacycloalkyl may or may not contain alkyl substituents.

[0052] The term "halogenated chain alkyl" refers to a chain alkyl in which at least one hydrogen atom has been replaced with a halogen atom. The number of halogen atoms in the halogenated chain alkyl may be one or more. When the number of halogen atoms in the halogenated chain alkyl is more than one, the halogen atoms may be the same or different.

[0053] The term "oxa-halogenated alkyl chain" refers to an oxa-halogenated alkyl chain in which at least one hydrogen atom has been replaced with a halogen atom. The number of halogen atoms in the oxa-halogenated alkyl chain may be one or more. When the number of halogen atoms in the oxa-halogenated alkyl chain is more than one, the halogen atoms may be the same or different.

[0054] The term "halogenated cyclic alkyl" refers to a cyclic alkyl in which at least one hydrogen atom has been replaced with a halogen atom. The number of halogen atoms in the halogenated cyclic alkyl may be one or more. When the number of halogen atoms in the halogenated cyclic alkyl is more than one, the halogen atoms may be the same or different.

[0055] The term "oxahalogenated cycloalkyl" refers to an oxahalogenated cycloalkyl in which at least one hydrogen atom has been replaced with a halogen atom. The number of halogen atoms in the oxahalogenated cycloalkyl may be one or more. When the number of halogen atoms in the oxahalogenated cycloalkyl is more than one, the halogen atoms may be the same or different.

[0056] The term "halogen atom" refers to fluorine atom, chlorine atom, bromine atom, and the like.

[0057] In various places in this specification, "#" indicates a linkage point when written.

[0058] At various points herein, substituents of compounds are disclosed in groups or ranges. It is expressly contemplated that such descriptions include each individual subcombination of the members of these groups and ranges. For example, the term "C1-C6 alkyl" expressly contemplates C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C6, C1-C6, C1-C5, C1-C4, C1-C3, C1-C2, C2-C6, C2-C5, C2-C4, C2-C3, C3-C6, C3-C5, C3-C4, C4-C6, C4-C5, C5-C6 alkyl. As another example, the integers in the range 3 to 10 are expressly contemplated to individually disclose 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10. Other groups or ranges are expressly contemplated based on this.

[0059] The batteries referred to in the embodiments of this application may be a single physical module with one or more battery cells to provide higher voltage and capacity, for example, the batteries referred to in this application may include a battery cell, a battery module, a battery pack, etc.

[0060] A battery cell is the smallest component of a battery and can independently perform charging and discharging functions. A battery cell may be cylindrical, flat, rectangular, or have other shapes, and the embodiments of this application are not limited to these. Figure 1 shows an example of a battery cell 5 with a rectangular parallelepiped structure.

[0061] In the case of a plurality of battery cells, the plurality of battery cells are connected in series, parallel, or mixed connection via current collecting members. In some embodiments, the battery may be a battery module. In the case of a plurality of battery cells, the plurality of battery cells are fixed side by side to form a battery module. In some embodiments, the battery may be a battery pack, the battery pack including a box and battery cells, and the battery cells or battery module are housed in the box. In some embodiments, the box may be part of a chassis structure of the vehicle. For example, a portion of the box may be at least a portion of a bottom plate of the vehicle, or a portion of the box may be at least a portion of a cross member and a side member of the vehicle.

[0062] In some embodiments, the battery may be an energy storage device, which may include an energy storage container, an energy storage cabinet, or the like.

[0063] The battery cells provided in the embodiments of the present application include battery cells using alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, zinc, aluminum, and alloys thereof as negative electrode active materials, and for example, the battery cells provided in the embodiments of the present application include metal battery cells, metal-air battery cells, metal-sulfur battery cells, and negative electrode-free metal battery cells, etc. For example, the battery cells may be lithium metal battery cells, negative electrode-free lithium metal battery cells, lithium-air battery cells, lithium-sulfur battery cells, sodium metal battery cells, negative electrode-free sodium metal battery cells, sodium-air battery cells, sodium-sulfur battery cells, potassium metal battery cells, negative electrode-free potassium metal battery cells, potassium-air battery cells, potassium-sulfur battery cells, magnesium metal battery cells, negative electrode-free magnesium metal battery cells, magnesium-air battery cells, magnesium-sulfur battery cells, etc.

[0064] A battery cell generally includes an electrode assembly, which typically includes a positive electrode sheet, a negative electrode sheet, and a separator positioned between the positive and negative electrode sheets, and the electrode assembly may have a wound structure or a stacked structure, although the embodiments of the present application are not limited thereto.

[0065] The battery cell may further include an exterior case, which can be used to enclose the electrode assembly and the electrolyte. The exterior case may be a hard case, such as a hard plastic case, an aluminum case, or a steel case. The exterior case may also be a soft pack, such as a pouch-type soft pack. The material of the soft pack may be plastic, such as one or more of polypropylene (PP), polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), and polybutylene succinate (PBS).

[0066] In some embodiments, as shown in FIG. 2 , the exterior body may include a case 51 and a cover plate 53. The case 51 may include a bottom plate and side plates connected to the bottom plate, and the bottom plate and side plates surround the case 51 to form a storage cavity. The case 51 has an opening communicating with the storage cavity, and the cover plate 53 covers the opening to seal the storage cavity. The electrode assembly 52 is sealed in the storage cavity. The number of electrode assemblies 52 included in the battery cell 5 may be one or more and can be adjusted as needed.

[0067] In some embodiments, the battery cells may be assembled into a battery module, and the battery module may include multiple battery cells, the specific number of which may be adjusted depending on the application and capacity of the battery module. FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an example battery module 4. As shown in FIG. 3, in the battery module 4, multiple battery cells 5 may be arranged in sequence along the length of the battery module 4. Of course, they may be arranged in any other manner. Furthermore, the multiple battery cells 5 may be fixed by fasteners.

[0068] Optionally, the battery module 4 may further include a housing having an accommodating space, and the plurality of battery cells 5 are accommodated in the accommodating space.

[0069] In some embodiments, the battery modules may be assembled into a battery pack, and the number of battery modules included in the battery pack may be adjusted depending on the application and capacity of the battery pack.

[0070] 4 and 5 are schematic diagrams of an example battery pack 1. As shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, the battery pack 1 may include a box and a plurality of battery modules 4 provided in the box. The box includes an upper box 2 and a lower box 3, and the upper box 2 is covered by the lower box 3 to form an enclosed space for accommodating the battery modules 4. The plurality of battery modules 4 may be arranged in the box in any manner.

[0071] High energy density is an inevitable trend in the development of future batteries. Batteries using alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, zinc, aluminum, and their alloys as negative electrode active materials have attracted widespread attention due to their high energy density. However, large-scale application of these batteries faces various challenges. For example, the solid electrolyte interfacial film (also known as SEI film) formed on the surface of the negative electrode is usually not recyclable. As the battery is charged and discharged, the thickness of the SEI film increases, leading to continuous decomposition and consumption of the electrolyte, which further dries out the electrolyte and shortens the battery's cycle life.

[0072] In view of this, the inventors have improved the electrolyte.

[0073] The electrolyte solutions provided in the examples of the present application comprise a first anion shown in formula (I): [ka] X includes one or more elements selected from N, B, P, Al, Si, S, Cl, As, and Se; a represents an integer of 1 or more; b represents an integer of 1 or more; R 1 each independently contains one or more of a halogen atom, a halosulfonyl, a haloalkylsulfonyl, an ester group -O-(C=O)-, and two adjacent R 1may form a ring with X, and R 2 each independently comprise one or more of a C1-C10 linear alkyl, a C1-C10 oxa linear alkyl, a C3-C10 cyclic alkyl, a C1-C10 oxa cyclic alkyl, a C1-C10 halogenated linear alkyl, a C1-C10 oxa halogenated linear alkyl, a C3-C10 halogenated cyclic alkyl, and a C1-C10 oxa halogenated cyclic alkyl, and optionally two adjacent R 2 may form a ring with X.

[0074] The specific value of a+b is related to the specific type of element X. For example, if X is N, a may be 1 and b may be 1. If X is B, a+b may be 4. If X is P, a+b may be 6.

[0075] The electrolyte solution provided in the examples of the present application includes a first anion, the first anion having a central atom X, the central atom having at least one group R 1 and at least one group R 2 are linked.

[0076] Multiple R 1 each independently contains one or more of a halogen atom, a halosulfonyl, a haloalkylsulfonyl, an ester group -O-(C=O)-, and two adjacent R 1 may form a ring with X. This allows R 1 contributes to the formation of a high-quality SEI film on the negative electrode surface, inducing dense metal deposition and improving battery cycling stability.

[0077] Multiple R 2 each independently comprise one or more of a C1-C10 linear alkyl, a C1-C10 oxa linear alkyl, a C3-C10 cyclic alkyl, a C1-C10 oxa cyclic alkyl, a C1-C10 halogenated linear alkyl, a C1-C10 oxa halogenated linear alkyl, a C3-C10 halogenated cyclic alkyl, and a C1-C10 oxa halogenated cyclic alkyl, and optionally two adjacent R 2may form a ring with X. This allows R 2 can have high reduction resistance, contribute to improving the stability and reduction resistance of the first anion as a whole, thereby reducing the decomposition consumption of the first anion and delaying the occurrence of the drying phenomenon of the electrolyte.

[0078] Therefore, the first anion can form a high-quality SEI film on the negative electrode surface, induce dense metal deposition, and improve the battery cycling stability. Meanwhile, it can also reduce its own decomposition consumption and delay the occurrence of the electrolyte drying phenomenon. As a result, the electrolyte provided in the examples of the present application can have high reduction resistance and a low consumption rate, thereby improving the battery cycling performance.

[0079] In some embodiments, R 1 may each independently contain one or more of a fluorine atom, a fluorosulfonyl, a fluoroalkylsulfonyl, an ester group -O-(C=O)-, and optionally two adjacent R 1 may form a ring with X.

[0080] In some embodiments, R 1 is a fluorine atom, [ka] and may include one or more of the groups # indicates the linking position.

[0081] When group A-4 appears, at least two R 1 is connected to the central atom X, and two adjacent R 1 together constitute the structure shown in group A-4 (ie, an oxalate group), and group A-4 forms a cyclic structure with the central atom X.

[0082] R 1When contains a fluorine atom, a fluorosulfonyl, a fluoroalkylsulfonyl, or an oxalate group, it forms a higher quality SEI film on the negative electrode surface, induces dense metal deposition, and contributes to further extending the battery cycle life.

[0083] In some embodiments, R 2 may each independently comprise one or more of a C1-C10 oxa chain alkyl, a C1-C10 oxa cyclic alkyl, a C1-C10 oxa halogenated chain alkyl, and a C1-C10 oxa halogenated cyclic alkyl, and optionally two adjacent R 2 may form a ring with X.

[0084] Oxygen atoms and metal ions have better bonding properties. Therefore, R 2 If R contains an oxygen heteroatom, 2 provides a second reactive site for complexing with the metal ion, which can improve the reaction rate of the metal ion, further improve the overall stability and reduction resistance of the first anion, further reduce the decomposition consumption of the first anion, delay the occurrence of the drying phenomenon of the electrolyte, and thereby further extend the cycle life of the battery.

[0085] In some embodiments, the number of oxygen heteroatoms in the C1-C10 oxa alkyl chain can be 1 to 4, alternatively 2 or 3, and more alternatively 2.

[0086] In some embodiments, the number of oxygen heteroatoms in the C1-C10 oxacycloalkyl can be 1 to 4, alternatively 2 or 3, and more alternatively 2.

[0087] In some embodiments, the number of oxygen heteroatoms in the C1-C10 oxahalogenated alkyl chain can be 1 to 4, alternatively 2 or 3, and more alternatively 2.

[0088] In some embodiments, the number of oxygen heteroatoms in the C1-C10 oxahalogenated cycloalkyl can be 1 to 4, alternatively 2 or 3, and more alternatively 2.

[0089] In some embodiments, R 2 may each independently include one or more of a C1-C10 oxacyclic alkyl, a C1-C10 oxacyclic alkyl, and optionally two adjacent R 2 may form a ring with X.

[0090] Halogen atoms are R to a certain extent 2 Therefore, R 2 When the first anion does not contain a halogen atom, the stability and reduction resistance of the first anion as a whole can be further improved, the decomposition consumption of the first anion can be further reduced, and the drying phenomenon of the electrolyte can be delayed, thereby further extending the cycle life of the battery.

[0091] In some embodiments, R 2 are each independently [ka] [ka] and may include one or more of the groups # indicates the linking position.

[0092] When groups B-55, B-56, B-57, and B-58 appear, at least two R 2 is connected to the central atom X, and two adjacent R 2 The groups B-55, B-56, B-57, and B-58 jointly constitute the structure shown in the group B-55, B-56, B-57, and B-58, and the groups B-55, B-56, B-57, and B-58 form a ring structure with the central atom X.

[0093] In some embodiments, R 2 may each independently contain one or more of B-8 to B-63.2 If R contains an oxygen heteroatom, 2 can also provide a second reactive site for complexing with the metal ion, enhancing the reaction rate of the metal ion.

[0094] In some embodiments, R 2 may each independently include one or more of B-8 to B-11, B-18 to B-21, B-31 to B-33, B-40 to B-42, B-46 to B-48, B-51 to B-57, and B-59 to B-61. 2 When the first anion does not contain a halogen atom, the stability and reduction resistance of the first anion as a whole can be further improved, the decomposition consumption of the first anion can be further reduced, and the drying phenomenon of the electrolyte can be delayed, thereby further extending the cycle life of the battery.

[0095] In some embodiments, R 2 may each independently include one or more of B-31, B-32, B-40, B-41, B-60, and B-61. In this case, R 2 contains two oxygen atoms with an appropriate spacing between them, which contributes to better bonding with metallic lithium ions and can further extend the cycle life of the battery.

[0096] In some embodiments, X may include one or more of the following elements: N, B, P. Optionally, X includes one or more of the following elements: N, B.

[0097] In some embodiments, X comprises N, a is 1, b is 1, and R 1 includes halosulfonyl or haloalkylsulfonyl, R 2 includes one or more of C1-C10 linear alkyl, C1-C10 oxa linear alkyl, C3-C10 cyclic alkyl, C1-C10 oxa cyclic alkyl, C1-C10 halogenated linear alkyl, C1-C10 oxa halogenated linear alkyl, C3-C10 halogenated cyclic alkyl, and C1-C10 oxa halogenated cyclic alkyl.

[0098] In some embodiments, X comprises N and R 1 includes fluorosulfonyl or fluoroalkylsulfonyl.

[0099] In some embodiments, X comprises N and R 1 includes A-1, A-2 or A-3. 1 includes A-1.

[0100] In some embodiments, X comprises N and R 2 includes one or more of C1-C10 oxa chain alkyl, C1-C10 oxa cyclic alkyl, C1-C10 oxa halogenated chain alkyl, and C1-C10 oxa halogenated cyclic alkyl. 2 includes one or more of C1-C10 oxacyclic alkyl, C1-C10 oxacyclic alkyl.

[0101] In some embodiments, X comprises N and R 2 includes one or more of B-8, B-10, B-12 to B-14, B-18, B-20, B-22 to B-24, B-31 to B-39, B-46 to B-54, B-59 to B-63. 2 includes one or more of B-8, B-10, B-18, B-20, B-31 to B-33, B-46 to B-48, B-51 to B-54, B-59 to B-61. 2 includes one or more of B-31, B-32, B-60, and B-61, which can further improve the overall stability and reduction resistance of the first anion, further reduce the decomposition consumption of the first anion, delay the occurrence of the drying phenomenon of the electrolyte, and thereby further extend the cycle life of the battery.

[0102] In some embodiments, X comprises B, a represents an integer greater than or equal to 1, b represents an integer greater than or equal to 1, and a+b is 4; 1 each independently contains one or more of a halogen atom, an ester group -O-(C=O)-, and two adjacent R 1may form a ring with X, for example, to form an oxalate group (group A-4). 2 each independently comprise one or more of a C1-C10 linear alkyl, a C1-C10 oxa linear alkyl, a C3-C10 cyclic alkyl, a C1-C10 oxa cyclic alkyl, a C1-C10 halogenated linear alkyl, a C1-C10 oxa halogenated linear alkyl, a C3-C10 halogenated cyclic alkyl, and a C1-C10 oxa halogenated cyclic alkyl, and optionally two adjacent R 2 may form a ring with X.

[0103] When X includes B, a+b is 4. For example, in some embodiments, a is 1 and b is 3. In some embodiments, a is 2 and b is 2. In some embodiments, a is 3 and b is 1. Alternatively, a is 2 and b is 2.

[0104] In some embodiments, X comprises B and R 1 each independently contains one or more of a fluorine atom, an ester group -O-(C=O)-, and two adjacent R 1 may form a ring with X, for example, to form an oxalate group.

[0105] In some embodiments, X comprises B, a is 1, and R 1 contains a fluorine atom.

[0106] In some embodiments, X comprises B, a is 2, and R 1 contains a fluorine atom or an oxalate group.

[0107] In some embodiments, X comprises B, a is 3, and R 1 contains a fluorine atom and / or an oxalate group.

[0108] In some embodiments, X comprises B and R 2each independently include one or more of a C1-C10 oxa chain alkyl, a C1-C10 oxa cyclic alkyl, a C1-C10 oxa halogenated chain alkyl, and a C1-C10 oxa halogenated cyclic alkyl, and optionally two adjacent R 2 may form a ring with X. Optionally, R 2 each independently includes one or more of a C1-C10 oxacyclic alkyl and a C1-C10 oxacyclic alkyl, and two adjacent R 2 may form a ring with X.

[0109] In some embodiments, X comprises B and R 2 each independently comprises one or more of a C1-C10 oxa chain alkyl, a C1-C10 oxa cyclic alkyl, a C1-C10 oxa halogenated chain alkyl, and a C1-C10 oxa halogenated cyclic alkyl; R 2 The oxygen atom in R is directly linked to X. 2 each independently comprises one or more of a C1-C10 oxacyclic alkyl and a C1-C10 oxacyclic alkyl; R 2 The oxygen atom in X is directly bonded to X. This further improves the overall stability and reduction resistance of the first anion, further reduces the decomposition consumption of the first anion, and delays the occurrence of the electrolyte drying phenomenon, thereby further extending the cycle life of the battery.

[0110] In some embodiments, X comprises B and R 2 each independently include one or more of B-9, B-11, B-15 to B-17, B-19, B-21, B-25 to B-30, B-40 to B-45, and B-55 to B-58. 2 each independently includes one or more of B-9, B-11, B-19, B-21, B-40 to B-42, and B-55 to B-57. 2each independently contain one or more of B-40 and B-41, which can further improve the overall stability and reduction resistance of the first anion, further reduce the decomposition consumption of the first anion, delay the occurrence of the drying phenomenon of the electrolyte, and thereby further extend the cycle life of the battery.

[0111] In some embodiments, X comprises P, a represents an integer greater than or equal to 1, b represents an integer greater than or equal to 1, and a+b is 6; 1 each independently contains one or more of a halogen atom, an ester group -O-(C=O)-, and two adjacent R 1 may form a ring with X, for example, to form an oxalate group (group A-4). 2 each independently comprise one or more of a C1-C10 linear alkyl, a C1-C10 oxa linear alkyl, a C3-C10 cyclic alkyl, a C1-C10 oxa cyclic alkyl, a C1-C10 halogenated linear alkyl, a C1-C10 oxa halogenated linear alkyl, a C3-C10 halogenated cyclic alkyl, and a C1-C10 oxa halogenated cyclic alkyl, and optionally two adjacent R 2 may form a ring with X.

[0112] When X includes P, a+b is 6. For example, in some embodiments, a is 1 and b is 5. In some embodiments, a is 2 and b is 4. In some embodiments, a is 3 and b is 3. In some embodiments, a is 4 and b is 2. In some embodiments, a is 5 and b is 1. Alternatively, a is 4 or 5 and b is 1 or 2.

[0113] In some embodiments, X comprises P and R 1 each independently contains one or more of a fluorine atom, an ester group -O-(C=O)-, and two adjacent R 1 may form a ring with X, for example, to form an oxalate group.

[0114] In some embodiments, X comprises P, a is 1, and R 1 contains a fluorine atom.

[0115] In some embodiments, X comprises P, a is 2, and R 1 contains a fluorine atom or an oxalate group.

[0116] In some embodiments, X comprises P, a is 3 or 4 or 5, and R 1 contains a fluorine atom and / or an oxalate group.

[0117] In some embodiments, X comprises P and R 2 each independently include one or more of a C1-C10 oxa chain alkyl, a C1-C10 oxa cyclic alkyl, a C1-C10 oxa halogenated chain alkyl, and a C1-C10 oxa halogenated cyclic alkyl, and optionally two adjacent R 2 may form a ring with X. Optionally, R 2 each independently includes one or more of a C1-C10 oxacyclic alkyl and a C1-C10 oxacyclic alkyl, and two adjacent R 2 may form a ring with X.

[0118] In some embodiments, X comprises P and R 2 each independently comprises one or more of a C1-C10 oxa chain alkyl, a C1-C10 oxa cyclic alkyl, a C1-C10 oxa halogenated chain alkyl, and a C1-C10 oxa halogenated cyclic alkyl; R 2 The oxygen atom in R is directly linked to X. 2 each independently comprises one or more of a C1-C10 oxacyclic alkyl and a C1-C10 oxacyclic alkyl; R 2 The oxygen atom in X is directly bonded to X. This further improves the overall stability and reduction resistance of the first anion, further reduces the decomposition consumption of the first anion, and delays the occurrence of the electrolyte drying phenomenon, thereby further extending the cycle life of the battery.

[0119] In some embodiments, X comprises P and R 2 each independently include one or more of B-9, B-11, B-15 to B-17, B-19, B-21, B-25 to B-30, B-40 to B-45, and B-55 to B-58. 2 each independently includes one or more of B-9, B-11, B-19, B-21, B-40 to B-42, and B-55 to B-57. 2 each independently contain one or more of B-40 and B-41, which can further improve the overall stability and reduction resistance of the first anion, further reduce the decomposition consumption of the first anion, delay the occurrence of the drying phenomenon of the electrolyte, and thereby further extend the cycle life of the battery.

[0120] In some embodiments, the first anion is [ka] may include one or more of:

[0121] Optionally, the first anion comprises one or more of I-2, I-3, I-4, I-5, I-8, I-9, I-10, I-11.

[0122] More preferably, the first anion comprises one or more of I-3, I-4, I-8, I-9, in which case the group R in the first anion 2 contains two oxygen atoms with an appropriate spacing between them, which contributes to better bonding with the metallic lithium ion and can further improve the overall stability and reduction resistance of the first anion, thereby further reducing the decomposition consumption of the first anion, delaying the occurrence of electrolyte drying, and further extending the cycle life of the battery.

[0123] In some embodiments, the molar concentration of the first anion in the electrolyte may be 0.5 to 4 mol / L, preferably 1 to 3.5 mol / L, and more preferably 1.5 to 3 mol / L, which can improve the reduction resistance of the electrolyte and reduce the consumption rate of the electrolyte, thereby further extending the cycle life of the battery.

[0124] In some embodiments, the electrolyte may include a second anion, and the second anion may be a bisfluorosulfonylimide anion (FSI - ), bistrifluoromethanesulfonylimide anion (TFSI - ), bis(oxalatoborate) anion (BOB - ), difluorooxalatoborate anion (DFOB - ), difluorobisoxalatophosphate anion (DFOP - ), tetrafluorooxalatophosphate anion (TFOP - ), difluorophosphate anion (PO2F2 - ), hexafluorophosphate anion (PF6 - ), tetrafluoroborate anion (BF4 - ), hexafluoroarsenate anion (AsF6 - ), trifluoromethanesulfonate anion (CF3SO3 - ) may be included.

[0125] In some embodiments, the second anion is a bisfluorosulfonylimide anion (FSI - ), bistrifluoromethanesulfonylimide anion (TFSI - ), difluorooxalatoborate anion (DFOB - ), tetrafluorooxalatophosphate anion (TFOP -These second anions are highly compatible with the first anions, can promote metal ion transport, and can also decompose on the surface of the negative electrode to form an SEI film containing a large amount of inorganic fluorine components, promoting dense metal deposition and thereby contributing to a longer cycle life of the battery.

[0126] In some embodiments, the molar concentration of the second anion in the electrolyte may be 4 mol / L or less, optionally 2 mol / L or less, and more preferably 1 mol / L or less. By adjusting the concentration of the second anion within this range, the ion transport performance of the electrolyte and the stability of the electrolyte to the positive and negative electrodes are not affected, thereby contributing to a longer cycle life of the battery.

[0127] In some examples, the electrolyte includes a first cation, which may include one or more of an alkali metal ion, an alkaline earth metal ion, a zinc ion, an aluminum ion, and optionally includes one or more of a lithium ion, a sodium ion, a potassium ion, a magnesium ion, and more optionally includes a lithium ion.

[0128] In some embodiments, the electrolyte includes a solvent, and the solvent can include a first solvent, the first solvent including one or more of ester-based and halogenated ester-based solvents, sulfone-based solvents, nitrile-based solvents, ether-based solvents, and ionic liquids. The first solvent can increase the ionic conductivity and reduction resistance of the electrolyte, and is also highly compatible with the first anion.

[0129] In some embodiments, the first solvent may include an ethereal solvent, which has a higher resistance to reduction and contributes to a longer cycle life of the battery.

[0130] In some embodiments, the first solvent is dimethyl carbonate (DMC), diethyl carbonate (DEC), ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC), ethylene carbonate (EC), propylene carbonate (PC), fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC), difluoroethylene carbonate, methyl trifluoroethyl carbonate, ethyl trifluoroethyl carbonate, bis(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl) carbonate, methyl formate, ethyl formate, propyl formate, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, propyl acetate, methyl propionate, ethyl propionate, propyl propionate, methyl 2,2,2-trifluoroacetate, ethyl 2,2,2-trifluoroacetate, methyl ether, ethyl ether, propyl ether, butyl ether, methyl ethyl ether, methyl propyl ether, methyl butyl ether, ethyl propyl ether, ethyl butyl ether, propyl butyl ether, dimethoxymethane, diethoxymethane, dipropoxymethane, The solvent may include one or more of methyl ether, 1,2-dimethoxyethane, dimethoxypropane, 1,2-diethoxyethane, ethylene glycol methyl ethyl ether, diethylene glycol dimethyl ether, triethylene glycol dimethyl ether, tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, 1,3-dioxolane, tetrahydropyran, 1,3-dioxane, 1,4-dioxane, dimethyl sulfone, dimethyl sulfoxide, sulfolane, ethyl methyl sulfone, tetramethylene sulfoxide, ethyl methyl sulfoxide, diethyl sulfone, diethyl sulfoxide, methyl phenyl sulfone, methyl phenyl sulfoxide, ethyl phenyl sulfone, ethyl phenyl sulfoxide, vinyl phenyl sulfone, vinyl phenyl sulfoxide, acetonitrile, propionitrile, butyronitrile, succinonitrile, 2-butenenitrile.

[0131] In some examples, the first solvent may include one or more of dimethoxymethane, diethoxymethane, dipropoxymethane, 1,2-dimethoxyethane, dimethoxypropane, 1,2-diethoxyethane, ethylene glycol methyl ethyl ether, diethylene glycol dimethyl ether, triethylene glycol dimethyl ether, and tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether.

[0132] In some embodiments, the first solvent may include one or more of 1,2-dimethoxyethane (DME), 1,2-diethoxyethane (DEE).

[0133] In some embodiments, the weight percentage of the first solvent, W1, is 70 wt%≦W1≦100 wt%, or optionally 75 wt%≦W1≦100 wt%, 80 wt%≦W1≦100 wt%, 85 wt%≦W1≦100 wt%, or 90 wt%≦W1≦100 wt%, based on the total weight of the solvent. When the content of the first solvent is within this range, the ionic conductivity and reduction resistance of the electrolyte can be increased, and compatibility with the first anion can be improved, thereby contributing to a longer cycle life of the battery.

[0134] In some embodiments, W1 may be 100 wt %.

[0135] In some embodiments, the solvent may further comprise a second solvent, which may comprise one or more of hydrocarbon and halogenated hydrocarbon solvents, fluoroether solvents, etc. The second solvent has a wide potential window, is highly compatible with the first solvent, and can also reduce the viscosity of the electrolyte and facilitate transport of metal ions.

[0136] In some embodiments, the second solvent is cyclohexane, benzene, toluene, p-xylene, m-xylene, o-xylene, fluorobenzene, p-difluorobenzene, m-difluorobenzene, o-difluorobenzene, trifluorotoluene, trifluoromethoxybenzene, decafluoropentane, perfluoropentanone, 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl-2,2,3,3-tetrafluoropropyl ether, 1,2-bis(1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy)ethane, bis(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)ether, 1,1,2,3,3,3-hexafluoropropyl ethyl ether, 1H,1H,5H-octafluoropentane, or a mixture thereof. The fluoroisopropyl ether may comprise one or more of 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl ether, ethyl trifluoromethyl ether, difluoromethyl-2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropyl ether, heptafluoropropyl-1,2,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl ether, difluoromethyl 2,2,3,3-tetrafluoropropyl ether, perfluoroisopropyl methyl ether, 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl-2,2,2-trifluoroethyl ether, ethyl-1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl ether, ethyl-2,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl ether, bis(1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl) ether.

[0137] In some embodiments, the second solvent may include one or more of trifluoromethoxybenzene, 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl-2,2,3,3-tetrafluoropropyl ether, and 1,2-bis(1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy)ethane, which can provide a wide potential window, be highly compatible with the first solvent, and promote the formation of an SEI film containing a large amount of inorganic fluorine components on the negative electrode surface, thereby promoting dense metal deposition and thereby contributing to a longer cycle life of the battery.

[0138] In some embodiments, when the weight percentage content of the second solvent is W2, in the total weight of the solvent, 0 < W2 ≤ 30 wt%, and optionally, 0 < W2 ≤ 25 wt%, 0 < W2 ≤ 20 wt%, 0 < W2 ≤ 15 wt%, 0 < W2 ≤ 10 wt%.

[0139] In some embodiments, the weight ratio of the first solvent to the second solvent may be (0.1 to 10):1, optionally (0.3 to 3):1, and more optionally (0.5 to 1.5):1. Thereby, the ionic conductivity of the electrolyte can be increased and the viscosity can be decreased, and the Coulomb efficiency and cycle life of the battery can be improved.

[0140] In some embodiments, the electrolyte may further contain an additive. In the present application, as long as the gist of the present application is not impaired, the type of the additive is not particularly limited. For example, the additive may include one or more of propane sultone (PS), ethylene sulfate (DTD), ethylene sulfite (ES), tris(trimethylsilyl) phosphate (TMSP), tris(trimethylsilyl) phosphite, tris(trifluoroethyl) phosphate, tris(trifluoroethyl) phosphite, tris(trimethylsilyl) borate, dimethyl maleic anhydride, 1,4-diisocyanatobutane.

[0141] In some embodiments, the weight ratio of the additive in the electrolyte may be 5 wt% or less, optionally 3 wt% or less, and more optionally 1 wt% or less.

[0142] [Preparation Method] The method for preparing the electrolyte is known. For example, a first electrolyte salt (composed of a first anion and a first cation), an optional second electrolyte salt (composed of a second anion and the first cation), a solvent, and an optional additive may be uniformly mixed to obtain the electrolyte. In the preparation process, the addition order of each material is not particularly limited, and they may be added simultaneously or in batches.

[0143] The components and their contents in the electrolyte may be measured by a method commonly used in the art, such as gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), ion chromatography (IC), liquid chromatography (LC), or inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES).

[0144] The battery cell includes a positive electrode sheet and a negative electrode sheet.

[0145] The structure and / or composition of each of the positive electrode sheet and the negative electrode sheet may be selected depending on the type of battery cell, and this is not limited in the embodiments of the present application. The battery cells of the embodiments of the present application may include metal battery cells, metal-air battery cells, metal-sulfur battery cells, and anode-free metal battery cells, etc. For example, the battery cells may include lithium metal battery cells, anode-free lithium metal battery cells, lithium-air battery cells, lithium-sulfur battery cells, sodium metal battery cells, anode-free sodium metal battery cells, sodium-air battery cells, sodium-sulfur battery cells, potassium metal battery cells, anode-free potassium metal battery cells, potassium-air battery cells, potassium-sulfur battery cells, magnesium metal battery cells, anode-free magnesium metal battery cells, magnesium-air battery cells, magnesium-sulfur battery cells, etc. In some embodiments, the battery cells may include lithium metal battery cells, anode-free lithium metal battery cells, lithium-air battery cells, and lithium-sulfur battery cells.

[0146] [Positive electrode sheet] In some embodiments, the positive electrode sheet includes a positive electrode current collector and a positive electrode film layer provided on at least one surface of the positive electrode current collector, the positive electrode film layer including a positive electrode active material. For example, the positive electrode current collector has two surfaces facing each other in the thickness direction of the positive electrode current collector, and the positive electrode film layer is provided on one or both of the two facing surfaces of the positive electrode current collector.

[0147] The type of positive electrode active material may be selected depending on the type of battery cell, and is not limited thereto in the examples of the present application.

[0148] For example, when the battery cell is a lithium metal battery cell or a lithium metal battery cell without a negative electrode, the positive electrode active material may include one or more of lithium transition metal oxides, lithium-containing phosphates, and modified compounds thereof, but is not limited thereto. Examples of lithium transition metal oxides include, but are not limited to, one or more of lithium cobalt oxide, lithium nickel oxide, lithium manganese oxide, lithium nickel cobalt oxide, lithium manganese cobalt oxide, lithium nickel manganese oxide, lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide, lithium nickel cobalt aluminum oxide, and modified compounds thereof. Examples of lithium-containing phosphates include, but are not limited to, one or more of lithium iron phosphate, a composite material of lithium iron phosphate and carbon, lithium manganese phosphate, a composite material of lithium manganese phosphate and carbon, lithium manganese iron phosphate, a composite material of lithium manganese iron phosphate and carbon, and modified compounds thereof. In some embodiments, in order to further increase the energy density of the battery, the positive electrode active material may include one or more of lithium transition metal oxides having the general formula Li a Ni b Co c M d O e A f and modified compounds thereof. 0.8 ≦ a ≦ 1.2, 0.5 ≦ b < 1, 0 < c < 1, 0 < d < 1, 1 ≦ e ≦ 2, 0 ≦ f ≦ 1, M includes one or more of Mn, Al, Zr, Zn, Cu, Cr, Mg, Fe, V, Ti, and B, and A includes one or more of N, F, S, and Cl.

[0149] As an example, the positive electrode active material is LiCoO2, LiNiO2, LiMnO2, LiMn2O4, LiNi 1 / 3 Co 1 / 3 Mn 1 / 3 O2 (abbreviated as NCM333), LiNi 0.5 Co 0.2 Mn 0.3 O2 (abbreviated as NCM523), LiNi 0.5 Co 0.25 Mn 0.25O2 (abbreviated as NCM211), LiNi 0.6 Co 0.2 Mn 0.2 O2 (abbreviated as NCM622), LiNi 0.8 Co 0.1 Mn 0.1 O2 (abbreviated as NCM811), LiNi 0.96 Co 0.02 Mn 0.02 O2 (abbreviated as Ni96), LiNi 0.85 Co 0.15 Al 0.05 It may include one or more of O2, LiFePO4, and LiMnPO4.

[0150] When the battery cell is a sodium metal battery cell or a negative electrode-free sodium metal battery cell, the positive electrode active material may include, but is not limited to, one or more of sodium-containing transition metal oxides, polyanion materials (phosphates, fluorophosphates, pyrophosphates, sulfates, etc.), and Prussian blue-based materials. For example, the positive electrode active material may be NaFeO2, NaCoO2, NaCrO2, NaMnO2, NaNiO2, NaNi 1 / 2 Ti 1 / 2 O2, NaNi 1 / 2 Mn 1 / 2 O2, Na 2 / 3 Fe 1 / 3 Mn 2 / 3 O2, NaNi 1 / 3 Co 1 / 3 Mn 1 / 3 O2, NaFePO4, NaMnPO4, NaCoPO4, Prussian blue-based materials, general formula X p M' q (PO4) r O x Y 3-x The compound may comprise one or more of the materials of the general formula X p M' q (PO4) r O x Y 3-x So, 0 <p≦4、0<q≦2、1≦r≦3、0≦x≦2であり、XはH + , Li + , Na + , K. + and NH4 +wherein M' comprises a transition metal and optionally comprises one or more of V, Ti, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu and Zn; and Y comprises a halogen atom and optionally comprises one or more of F, Cl and Br.

[0151] The modified compounds of the above-mentioned positive electrode active materials may be obtained by modifying the positive electrode active materials by doping and / or surface coating.

[0152] When the battery cell is a lithium-sulfur battery cell or a sodium-sulfur battery cell, the positive electrode active material may include, but is not limited to, one or more of elemental sulfur, sulfur-carbon composite, sulfur-conductive polymer composite, and sulfur-metal oxide composite.

[0153] In some embodiments, the positive electrode film layer optionally further includes a positive electrode conductive agent. The type of the positive electrode conductive agent is not particularly limited in the present application, and the positive electrode conductive agent may include, for example, one or more of superconducting carbon, conductive graphite, acetylene black, carbon black, ketjen black, carbon dots, carbon nanotubes, graphene, and carbon nanofibers.

[0154] In some embodiments, the positive electrode film layer optionally further includes a positive electrode binder. The type of the positive electrode binder is not particularly limited in the present application, and the positive electrode binder may include, for example, one or more of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), vinylidene fluoride-tetrafluoroethylene-propylene terpolymer, vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene-tetrafluoroethylene terpolymer, tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylene copolymer, and fluorine-containing acrylate resin.

[0155] In some embodiments, the positive electrode current collector may be a metal foil or a composite current collector. An example of a metal foil is aluminum foil. The composite current collector may include a polymeric substrate layer and a metal layer formed on at least one surface of the polymeric substrate layer. For example, the metal layer may include one or more of aluminum, aluminum alloy, nickel, nickel alloy, titanium, titanium alloy, silver, and silver alloy. For example, the polymeric substrate layer may include one or more of polypropylene (PP), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), polystyrene (PS), and polyethylene (PE).

[0156] For example, the positive electrode film layer may be obtained by applying a positive electrode slurry to a positive electrode current collector, drying, and cold pressing. The positive electrode slurry is typically formed by dispersing a positive electrode material, an optional conductive agent, an optional binder, and any other components in a solvent and stirring the mixture uniformly. The solvent may be, but is not limited to, N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP).

[0157] [Negative electrode sheet] In some examples, the negative electrode sheet may include a negative electrode current collector and a first metal layer provided on at least one surface of the negative electrode current collector, and the metal element in the first metal layer may include one or more of an alkali metal element, an alkaline earth metal element, zinc, and aluminum.

[0158] In some embodiments, the metallic material in the first metallic layer may include one or more of lithium, a lithium alloy, sodium, a sodium alloy, potassium, a potassium alloy, magnesium, a magnesium alloy, zinc, a zinc alloy, aluminum, and an aluminum alloy.

[0159] The lithium alloy may be an alloy formed from metallic lithium and other metallic or non-metallic elements. For example, the other metallic elements in the lithium alloy may include one or more of tin, zinc, aluminum, magnesium, silver, gold, gallium, indium, and platinum, and the non-metallic elements in the lithium alloy may include one or more of boron, carbon, and silicon.

[0160] The sodium alloy may be an alloy formed from metallic sodium and other metallic or non-metallic elements. For example, the other metallic elements in the sodium alloy may include one or more of tin, zinc, aluminum, magnesium, silver, gold, gallium, indium, and platinum, and the non-metallic elements in the sodium alloy may include one or more of boron, carbon, and silicon.

[0161] The potassium alloy may be an alloy formed from metallic magnesium and other metallic or non-metallic elements. For example, the other metallic elements in the magnesium alloy may include one or more of tin, zinc, aluminum, sodium, lithium, silver, gold, gallium, indium, and platinum, and the non-metallic elements in the potassium alloy may include one or more of boron, carbon, and silicon.

[0162] The magnesium alloy may be an alloy formed from metallic magnesium and other metallic or non-metallic elements. For example, the other metallic elements in the magnesium alloy may include one or more of tin, zinc, aluminum, sodium, lithium, silver, gold, gallium, indium, and platinum, and the non-metallic elements in the magnesium alloy may include one or more of boron, carbon, and silicon.

[0163] The zinc alloy may be an alloy formed from metallic zinc and other metallic or non-metallic elements. For example, the other metallic elements in the zinc alloy may include one or more of tin, lithium, sodium, aluminum, magnesium, silver, gold, gallium, indium, and platinum, and the non-metallic elements in the zinc alloy may include one or more of boron, carbon, and silicon.

[0164] The aluminum alloy may be an alloy formed from metallic aluminum and other metallic or non-metallic elements. For example, the other metallic elements in the aluminum alloy may include one or more of tin, zinc, lithium, sodium, magnesium, silver, gold, gallium, indium, and platinum, and the non-metallic elements in the aluminum alloy may include one or more of boron, carbon, and silicon.

[0165] In some embodiments, the negative electrode sheet may be assembled to form a negative electrode free metal battery cell by including the negative electrode current collector and not including the first metal layer.

[0166] In some embodiments, the negative electrode current collector may include a metal foil, a three-dimensional porous current collector, or a composite current collector. Examples of metal foils include copper foil, copper alloy foil, nickel foil, and nickel alloy foil. Examples of three-dimensional porous current collectors include copper mesh, nickel mesh, copper foam, and nickel foam. The composite current collector may include a polymeric substrate layer and a metal material layer formed on at least one surface of the polymeric substrate layer. For example, the metal material may include one or more of copper, copper alloy, nickel, nickel alloy, titanium, titanium alloy, silver, and silver alloy. For example, the polymeric substrate layer may include one or more of polypropylene (PP), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), polystyrene (PS), and polyethylene (PE).

[0167] In some embodiments, the surface of the negative electrode current collector may further include a conductive coating to promote uniform metal deposition. The conductive coating may include conductive carbon, which may include one or more of carbon fibers, carbon nanotubes, graphene, and fullerene.

[0168] [Separator] The battery cell may include a separator. The separator may be disposed between the positive electrode sheet and the negative electrode sheet and mainly serves to prevent internal short circuits. In the present application, the type of separator is not particularly limited, and any known porous structure membrane having good chemical and mechanical stability may be selected.

[0169] In some embodiments, the separator may be made of one or more of the following materials: glass fiber, nonwoven fabric, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinylidene fluoride, and polyimide. The separator may be a monolayer film or a multilayer composite film. When the separator is a multilayer composite film, the materials of each layer may be the same or different.

[0170] Methods for manufacturing battery cells are well known. In some embodiments, a battery cell may be formed by assembling a positive electrode sheet, a separator, a negative electrode sheet, and an electrolyte. For example, the positive electrode sheet, the separator, and the negative electrode sheet may be formed into an electrode assembly by a winding process and / or a lamination process, the electrode assembly may be placed in an outer casing, oven-dried, and then the electrolyte may be injected. The battery cell may be obtained through processes such as vacuum packaging, standing, chemical conversion, and molding. Multiple battery cells may be further assembled into a battery module by connecting them in series, parallel, or a combination. Multiple battery modules may be further connected in series, parallel, or a combination to form a battery pack. In some embodiments, multiple battery cells may be directly assembled into a battery pack.

[0171] Electrical equipment The present application also provides an electric device, which includes one or more of the battery cells, battery modules, or battery packs provided in the present application. The battery cells, battery modules, or battery packs may be used as a power source for the electric device or as an energy storage unit for the electric device. The electric device may be, but is not limited to, a mobile device (e.g., a mobile phone, a tablet PC, a laptop, etc.), an electric vehicle (e.g., a pure electric vehicle, a hybrid electric vehicle, a plug-in hybrid electric vehicle, an electric bicycle, an electric scooter, an electric golf cart, an electric truck, etc.), a train, a ship, a satellite, an energy storage system, etc.

[0172] An electric device can select a battery cell, a battery module, or a battery pack depending on the needs of its use.

[0173] 6 is a schematic diagram of an example electric device, such as a pure electric vehicle, a hybrid electric vehicle, or a plug-in hybrid electric vehicle, that can use a battery pack or battery module to meet the demand for high power and high energy density.

[0174] Another example of the electrical device may be a mobile phone, a tablet computer, a laptop computer, etc. Such electrical devices are generally required to be lightweight and thin, and may use a battery cell as a power source.

[0175] Example The following examples will more specifically illustrate the disclosure of the present application. Since it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made within the scope of the disclosure of the present application, these examples are merely illustrative. Unless otherwise specified, all parts, percentages, and ratios reported in the following examples are by weight, and all reagents used in the examples are commercially available or can be synthesized according to conventional methods and can be used as is without further treatment, and all equipment used in the examples is commercially available.

[0176] Synthesis of the first electrolyte salt (composed of the first anion and the first cation) This application provides several exemplary methods for preparing the first electrolyte salt. Other first electrolyte salts can be prepared with reference to these exemplary methods. By following the exemplary compound preparation methods, those skilled in the art can easily obtain specific methods for achieving each synthesis step from relevant scientific literature or standard textbooks in the field. Unless otherwise specified, commercially available or literature-known compounds are used as raw materials for synthesis. Those skilled in the art of organic synthesis will recognize that the nature and order of the proposed synthesis steps may be modified to optimize the production of the compounds described herein.

[0177] The processes described herein can be monitored by any suitable method known in the art. For example, product formation can be monitored by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR, e.g. 1 H or 13 C or 19 F or 11 B or 31 The activity may be monitored by spectroscopic means such as infrared spectroscopy (IR), mass spectroscopy (MS), etc.

[0178] Synthesis of the first electrolyte salt I-3 [ka] 1-(2-aminoethoxy)-2-methoxyethane (10.0 g, 83.92 mmol) and 1-(fluorosulfonyl)-2,3-dimethyl-1H-imidazol-3-ium trifluoromethanesulfonate (27.55 g, 83.92 mmol) were weighed and added to a 500 mL single-neck flask. 300 mL of acetonitrile was then added and stirred at 25 °C for 2 h. After the reaction was completed, the acetonitrile was removed by concentration under reduced pressure. Water (30 mL) and ethyl acetate (30 mL × 2) were then added for extraction. The extracted organic phase was washed with water (20 mL) and saturated brine (10 mL × 2), separated, and the resulting organic phase was further dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, filtered, and finally concentrated under reduced pressure to obtain 16.87 g of the intermediate product. The yield was approximately 100%. 1 H NMR (DMSO-d6, 400 MHz), δ (ppm): 3.63(m, 2H), 3.54 (m, 4H), 3.24(s, 3H), 2.28 (m, 2H). 13 C NMR (DMSO-d6, 100 MHz), δ(ppm): 73.1, 70.4, 70.3, 53.9, 37.2. 19 F NMR (DMSO-d6, 376 MHz), δ(ppm): -69.7. HRMS(ESI + ) m / z [M] + calcd.for C5H 12 FNO4S: 201.0471, found: 201.0465.

[0179] The intermediate product (2.0 g, 9.95 mmol) was weighed and added to a 25 mL single-neck flask, followed by the addition of 10 mL of methanol. After cooling to below 10°C, a lithium hydroxide aqueous solution (LiOH mass: 0.238 g, 9.95 mmol, water: 0.5 mL) was added dropwise. After the addition was complete, the temperature was raised to 55°C and the mixture was stirred for 5 hours until the NH chemical shift disappeared. After the reaction was complete, the methanol was removed by concentration under reduced pressure, filtered, and dried, finally yielding 1.31 g of the first electrolyte salt I-3. The yield was 63.52%. 1 H NMR (DMSO-d6, 400 MHz), δ (ppm): 3.54 (m, 4H), 3.40(m, 2H), 3.24(s, 3H), 1.50(m, 2H).

[0180] Synthesis of the first electrolyte salt I-5 [ka] 1-(2-Methoxyethoxy)ethanamine (10.0 g, 83.92 mmol) and triethylamine (8.5 g, 83.92 mmol) were weighed and added to a 250 mL three-neck flask, followed by 100 mL of ultra-dry dichloromethane (DCM). After cooling to 0 °C, trifluoromethanesulfonyl chloride (14.2 g, 83.92 mmol) was added dropwise. After the addition was complete, the mixture was warmed to 25 °C and stirred overnight. After the reaction was complete, the dichloromethane was removed by concentration under reduced pressure. Water (30 mL) and ethyl acetate (30 mL × 2) were then added for extraction. The extracted organic phase was washed with water (20 mL) and saturated brine (10 mL × 2), separated, and the resulting organic phase was further dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, filtered, and finally concentrated under reduced pressure to obtain 21.0 g of the intermediate product. The yield was approximately 100%. 1 H NMR (DMSO-d6, 400 MHz), δ (ppm): 9.51(s, 1H), 3.65(m, 2H), 3.58 (m, 4H), 3.26(s, 3H), 2.24 (m, 2H). 13 C NMR (DMSO-d6, 100 MHz), δ(ppm): 149.4, 73.1, 70.7, 70.3, 53.9, 41.5. 19 F NMR (DMSO-d6, 376 MHz), δ(ppm): -77.37. HRMS(ESI + ) m / z [M] + calcd.for C6H 12 F3NO4S: 251.0439, found: 251.0443.

[0181] The intermediate product (2.0 g, 7.96 mmol) was weighed and added to a 25 mL single-neck flask, followed by the addition of 10 mL of methanol. After cooling to below 10°C, a lithium hydroxide aqueous solution (LiOH mass: 0.19 g, 7.96 mmol, water: 0.4 mL) was added dropwise. After the addition was complete, the temperature was raised to 55°C and the mixture was stirred for 3 h until the NH chemical shift disappeared. After the reaction was complete, the methanol was removed by concentration under reduced pressure, filtered, and dried, finally yielding 1.48 g of the first electrolyte salt I-5. The yield was 72.38%. 1 H NMR (DMSO-d6, 400 MHz), δ (ppm): 3.58 (m, 4H), 3.42(m, 2H), 3.26(s, 3H), 1.52(m, 2H).

[0182] Synthesis of the first electrolyte salt I-8 [ka] Boron trifluoride ethyl ether (9.51 g, 67.0 mmol) and 100 mL of ethyl ether were weighed and added to a 250 mL three-neck flask. The flask was protected with argon gas, and then 100 mL of ethyl ether was added again. After cooling to 0 °C, ethylene glycol monomethyl ether (10.0 g, 131.42 mmol) was added dropwise. After the addition was complete, the mixture was heated to 25 °C and stirred for 40 h. After the reaction was complete, the ethyl ether was removed by concentration under reduced pressure, and the intermediate product was obtained by further distillation under reduced pressure. 1 H NMR (DMSO-d6, 400 MHz), δ (ppm): 3.70(m, 4H), 3.56 (m, 4H), 3.24(s, 6H). 13 C NMR (DMSO-d6, 100 MHz), δ(ppm): 75.8, 63.6, 53.9. 11 B NMR (DMSO-d6, 128 MHz), δ(ppm): 3.7. HRMS(ESI + ) m / z [M] + calcd.for C6H15 BO4: 162.1063, found:162.1048.

[0183] The intermediate product (3 g, 18.51 mmol) and lithium fluoride (0.72 g, 27.76 mol) were weighed and added to a 50 mL polytetrafluoroethylene autoclave. The mixture was dissolved in 20 mL of hydrofluoric acid and stirred at 50 °C for 18 h. After the reaction was completed, the mixture was neutralized with lithium carbonate, dissolved in ethylene glycol dimethyl ether, filtered, concentrated, and finally slurried in ethyl acetate and petroleum ether (1:25, m:m), filtered, and dried under vacuum at 45 °C to obtain 2.72 g of the first electrolyte salt I-8. The yield was 71.30%. 1 H NMR (DMSO-d6, 400 MHz), δ (ppm): 3.70 (m, 4H), 3.56(m, 4H), 3.24(s, 6H). 13 C NMR (DMSO-d6, 100 MHz), δ(ppm): 76.0, 53.9, 44.0. 19 F NMR (DMSO-d6, 376 MHz), δ(ppm): -148.7. 11 B NMR (DMSO-d6, 128 MHz), δ(ppm): 3.37. HRMS(ESI + ) m / z [M] + calcd.for C6H 14 BF2LiO4: 206.1113, found: 206.1149.

[0184] Synthesis of the first electrolyte salt I-9 [ka] Lithium difluorooxalatoborate (3.0 g, 20.87 mmol) and 2-methoxyethyl p-toluenesulfonate (10.1 g, 43.82 mmol) were weighed and added to a 250 mL three-neck flask. The mixture was dissolved in 100 mL of acetonitrile and stirred at 50 °C for 28 h under argon gas protection. After the reaction was completed, the acetonitrile was removed by concentration under reduced pressure, and finally recrystallization was carried out to obtain 2.37 g of the first electrolyte salt I-9. The yield was 44.39%. 1 H NMR (DMSO-d6, 400 MHz), δ (ppm): 3.70 (m, 4H), 3.56(m, 4H), 3.24(s, 6H). 13 C NMR (DMSO-d6, 100 MHz), δ(ppm): 161.0, 76.0, 53.9, 46.0. HRMS(ESI + ) m / z [M] + calcd.for C8H 14 BLiO8: 256.0942, found: 256.0931.

[0185] Synthesis of the first electrolyte salt I-11 [ka] Lithium hexafluorophosphate (10.0 g, 65.83 mmol) was weighed and added to a 250 mL three-neck flask. 140 mL of acetonitrile was then added to dissolve the mixture. 30 mL of bis(trimethylsilyl) oxalate (15.74 g, 67.14 mmol) in acetonitrile was added dropwise at 40-45°C under argon gas protection. After the addition was complete, the mixture was stirred at 40-45°C for 30 h. After the reaction was complete, the acetonitrile was removed by concentration under reduced pressure. Finally, the mixture was dried in vacuo at 40-45°C to obtain 12.52 g of the intermediate product. The yield was 94.21%. 19 F NMR (DMSO-d6, 376 MHz), δ(ppm): -78.3. 31P NMR (DMSO-d6, 160 MHz), δ(ppm): -143.7. HRMS(ESI + ) m / z [M] + calcd.for C2F4LiO4P: 201.9630, found: 201.9659.

[0186] The intermediate product (3.0 g, 14.85 mmol) and 2-methoxyethyl p-toluenesulfonate (7.18 g, 31.19 mmol) were weighed and added to a 250 mL three-neck flask, dissolved in 100 mL of acetonitrile, and stirred at 50 °C for 20 h under argon gas protection. After the reaction was completed, the acetonitrile was removed by concentration under reduced pressure, and finally recrystallization was carried out to obtain 1.95 g of the first electrolyte salt I-11. The yield was 40.18%. 1 H NMR (DMSO-d6, 400 MHz), δ (ppm): 3.70 (m, 4H), 3.56(m, 4H), 3.24(s, 6H). 13 C NMR (DMSO-d6, 100 MHz), δ(ppm): 161.0, 76.0, 53.9, 32.0. 19 F NMR (DMSO-d6, 376 MHz), δ(ppm): -64.8. 31 P NMR (DMSO-d6, 160 MHz), δ(ppm): -139.2. HRMS(ESI + ) m / z [M] + calcd.for C8H 14 F2LiO8P: 314.0554, found: 314.0528.

[0187] Example 1 (1) Preparation of electrolyte A first solvent, 1,2-dimethoxyethane (DME), and a second solvent, trifluoromethoxybenzene, were thoroughly mixed in a 1:1 weight ratio to form a solvent. 1.77 g of a first electrolyte salt containing the anion shown in I-3 and lithium ions and 0.4675 g of a second electrolyte salt, lithium bisfluorosulfonylimide (LiFSI), were added to 5 ml of the solvent and thoroughly stirred to form a colorless, transparent electrolyte solution.

[0188] (2) Manufacturing of positive electrode sheets The positive electrode active material NCM811, conductive agent acetylene black, and binder PVDF were mixed in a weight ratio of 98:1:1, added to the solvent NMP, and stirred until the reaction system was homogeneous, resulting in a positive electrode slurry with a solids content of 70%. The positive electrode slurry was evenly applied to the two surfaces of aluminum foil positive electrode current collectors, dried, and then transferred to an oven for continued drying. It was then cut into 40mm x 50mm rectangles for use as positive electrode sheets.

[0189] (3) Manufacturing of negative electrode sheets A 50 μm thick lithium foil was laminated to a 12 μm thick copper foil using a roll press method, and then cut into a 41 mm×51 mm rectangle for use as a negative electrode sheet.

[0190] (4) Separator manufacturing The polyethylene porous membrane was cut into a rectangle of 45 mm x 55 mm to be used as a separator.

[0191] (5) Battery manufacturing One cut positive electrode sheet was stacked with two cut negative electrode sheets, and the positive and negative electrode sheets were separated with a separator to obtain an electrode assembly. The electrode assembly was placed in an aluminum plastic film pouch, and 0.30 g of the above-prepared electrolyte was injected. After vacuum hot-press packaging and leaving the assembly to stand (for at least 6 hours), the battery was obtained. The rated capacity of the battery was 140 mAh.

[0192] Cycle life measurement At 25°C, the prepared battery was charged at a constant current of 0.2 C (28 mA) to 4.3 V, followed by constant voltage charging until the current reached 0.1 C (14 mA), at which point the battery was fully charged. The charge capacity at this point, i.e., the first charge capacity, was recorded. The battery was then allowed to stand for 5 minutes, after which it was discharged at a constant current of 1 C (140 mA) to 2.8 V. This constituted one charge-discharge cycle, and the discharge capacity at this point, i.e., the first discharge capacity, was recorded. The battery was subjected to cycle charge-discharge measurements according to the above method, and the discharge capacity for each cycle was recorded. The battery was stopped until the discharge capacity had decayed to 80% of the first discharge capacity, and the number of cycles at this point indicated the cycle life of the battery.

[0193] Electrolyte consumption rate measurement The cycle life measurements were performed with the amount of electrolyte injected set to 0.15g, 0.20g, 0.25g, and 0.30g, respectively, to obtain the cycle life of the battery with each different amount of electrolyte injected. The battery cycle life (vertical axis) and the amount of electrolyte injected (horizontal axis, measurement unit: g) were plotted and linearly approximated to obtain the slope k (cycles / g).

[0194] The electrolyte consumption rate r can be calculated using the formula r (mg / Ah / time) = 1000 / (k × 0.14).

[0195] Examples 2 to 49 The manufacturing and measurement methods for the battery were similar to those in Example 1, except for the composition of the electrolyte solution, as shown in Table 1. Each first electrolyte salt was composed of a corresponding first anion and lithium ions. PS represents propane sultone, DTD represents ethylene sulfate, ES represents ethylene sulfite, and TMSP represents tris(trimethylsilyl)phosphate. The additive content is based on the total weight of the electrolyte solution.

[0196] Comparative Example 1 The manufacturing method and measurement method for the battery were similar to those in Example 1, except that the composition of the electrolyte was different.

[0197] 1.52 g of lithium hexafluorophosphate was added to 5 ml of a mixed solvent of ethylene carbonate (EC) and ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC) in a weight ratio of 1:1, and stirred thoroughly to form a colorless, transparent electrolyte solution.

[0198] Comparative Example 2 The manufacturing method and measurement method for the battery were similar to those in Example 1, except that the composition of the electrolyte was different.

[0199] 0.4675 g of lithium bisfluorosulfonylimide was added to 5 mL of a mixed solvent of 1,2-dimethoxyethane (DME) and trifluoromethoxybenzene in a weight ratio of 1:1, and stirred thoroughly to form a colorless, transparent electrolyte solution. [Table 1-1] [Table 1-2] [Table 1-3] [Table 1-4]

[0200] Summarizing the measurement results of Examples 1 to 49 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2, it can be seen that the electrolyte solutions provided in Examples 1 to 49 can reduce the consumption rate of the electrolyte solution and extend the cycle life of the battery.

[0201] The results of the measurements in Examples 1 to 8 show that when the first anion contains I-3, I-4, I-8, or I-9, the consumption rate of the electrolyte can be further reduced and the cycle life of the battery can be further extended. 2contains two oxygen atoms with an appropriate spacing between them, which contributes to better bonding with the metallic lithium ion and can further improve the overall stability and reduction resistance of the first anion, thereby further reducing the decomposition consumption of the first anion, delaying the occurrence of electrolyte drying, and further extending the cycle life of the battery.

[0202] Summarizing the measurement results of Examples 1 and 9 to 16, it can be seen that when the molar concentration of the first anion is 0.5 mol / L to 4 mol / L, selectively 1 mol / L to 3.5 mol / L, and more selectively 1.5 mol / L to 3 mol / L, the consumption rate of the electrolyte can be further reduced and the cycle life of the battery can be further extended.

[0203] The results of the measurements in Examples 1, 17 to 19 show that the first anion is bistrifluoromethanesulfonylimide anion (TFSI - ), difluorooxalatoborate anion (DFOB - ) can further reduce the consumption rate of the electrolyte and further extend the cycle life of the battery.

[0204] Summarizing the measurement results of Examples 1 and 20 to 25, it can be seen that when the electrolyte further contains a second anion and the molar concentration of the second anion is 4 mol / L or less, optionally 2 mol / L or less, more optionally 1 mol / L or less, the consumption rate of the electrolyte can be further reduced and the cycle life of the battery can be further extended.

[0205] Summarizing the measurement results of Examples 1 and 26 to 29, it can be seen that when the first solvent contains 1,2-dimethoxyethane or 1,2-diethoxyethane, the consumption rate of the electrolyte can be further reduced and the cycle life of the battery can be further extended.

[0206] Summarizing the measurement results of Examples 1, 30 to 38, it can also be seen that when the solvent comprises a mixture of the first solvent and the second solvent, and the weight ratio of the first solvent to the second solvent is optionally (0.1 to 10):1, optionally (0.3 to 3):1, more optionally (0.5 to 1.5):1, the consumption rate of the electrolyte can be further reduced and the cycle life of the battery can be further extended.

[0207] Summarizing the measurement results of Examples 1, 39 to 42, it can be seen that when the second solvent contains trifluoromethoxybenzene, 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl-2,2,3,3-tetrafluoropropyl ether, or 1,2-bis(1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy)ethane, the consumption rate of the electrolyte can be further reduced and the cycle life of the battery can be further extended.

[0208] Summarizing the measurement results of Examples 1 and 43 to 49, it is clear that when the electrolyte contains an appropriate amount of additive, the cycle life of the battery can be further extended.

[0209] It should be noted that the present application is not limited to the above-described embodiments. The above-described embodiments are merely examples, and all embodiments that have substantially the same technical ideas and provide the same functions and effects within the scope of the technical solution of the present application are included in the technical scope of the present application. Furthermore, various modifications that a person skilled in the art may make to the embodiments and other forms formed by combining some of the components of the embodiments are also included in the scope of the present application, as long as they do not deviate from the gist of the present application. [Explanation of symbols]

[0210] In the drawings, which are not necessarily drawn to scale, the reference numerals are as follows: 1 battery pack 2 Upper Box 3 Lower Box 4 Battery Module 5 battery cells 51 cases 52 Electrode assembly 53. Cover plate.

Claims

1. comprising a first anion shown in formula (I): 【Chemistry 1】 X comprises one or more elements of N, B, P, Al, Si, S, Cl, As, and Se; a represents an integer of 1 or more; b represents an integer of 1 or more; R １ each independently contains one or more of a halogen atom, a halosulfonyl, a haloalkylsulfonyl, an ester group -O-(C=O)-, and any two adjacent R １ may form a ring together with X, R ２ each independently comprises one or more of C1-C10 linear alkyl, C1-C10 oxa linear alkyl, C3-C10 cyclic alkyl, C1-C10 oxa cyclic alkyl, C1-C10 halogenated linear alkyl, C1-C10 oxa halogenated linear alkyl, C3-C10 halogenated cyclic alkyl, and C1-C10 oxa halogenated cyclic alkyl, and optionally two adjacent R ２ may form a ring with X, an electrolyte.

2. R １ each independently contains one or more of a fluorine atom, a fluorosulfonyl, a fluoroalkylsulfonyl, an ester group -O-(C=O)-, and two adjacent R １ may form a ring together with X, Optionally, R １ is a fluorine atom, 【Chemistry 2】 and The electrolyte solution according to claim 1 , wherein # represents a linking position.

3. R ２ each independently comprises one or more of C1-C10 oxa chain alkyl, C1-C10 oxa cyclic alkyl, C1-C10 oxa halogenated chain alkyl, and C1-C10 oxa halogenated cyclic alkyl, and any two adjacent R ２ may form a ring together with X, Optionally, R ２ each independently includes one or more of C1-C10 oxacyclic alkyl, C1-C10 oxacyclic alkyl, and optionally two adjacent R ２ The electrolyte solution according to claim 1 or 2, wherein may form a ring with X.

4. R ２ are each independently 【Chemistry 3-1】 【Chemistry 3-2】 and # indicates the linking position, Optionally, R ２ The electrolyte solution according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein each independently comprises one or more of B-31, B-32, B-40, B-41, B-60, and B-61.

5. The electrolyte solution according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein X comprises one or more elements of N, B, and P, and optionally comprises one or more elements of N and B.

6. X contains N, a is 1, and b is 1; R １ includes halosulfonyl or haloalkylsulfonyl, and optionally includes fluorosulfonyl or fluoroalkylsulfonyl; R ２ the electrolyte solution according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the alkyl group comprises one or more of a C1-C10 linear alkyl, a C1-C10 oxa linear alkyl, a C3-C10 cyclic alkyl, a C1-C10 oxa cyclic alkyl, a C1-C10 halogenated linear alkyl, a C1-C10 oxa halogenated linear alkyl, a C3-C10 halogenated cyclic alkyl, and a C1-C10 oxa halogenated cyclic alkyl, and optionally comprises one or more of a C1-C10 oxa linear alkyl, a C1-C10 oxa cyclic alkyl, a C1-C10 oxa halogenated linear alkyl, and a C1-C10 oxa halogenated cyclic alkyl, and more optionally comprises one or more of a C1-C10 oxa linear alkyl, a C1-C10 oxa cyclic alkyl.

7. X includes B; a represents an integer of 1 or more, b represents an integer of 1 or more, and a+b is 4, and optionally a is 2 and b is 2; R １ each independently contains one or more of a halogen atom, an ester group —O—(C═O)—, and two adjacent R １ may form a ring with X, and optionally, R １ each independently contains one or more of a fluorine atom and an ester group, and two adjacent R １ may form a ring together with X, R ２ each independently comprises one or more of C1-C10 linear alkyl, C1-C10 oxa linear alkyl, C3-C10 cyclic alkyl, C1-C10 oxa cyclic alkyl, C1-C10 halogenated linear alkyl, C1-C10 oxa halogenated linear alkyl, C3-C10 halogenated cyclic alkyl, and C1-C10 oxa halogenated cyclic alkyl, and optionally two adjacent R ２ may form a ring with X, and optionally, R ２ each independently comprises one or more of C1-C10 oxa-chain alkyl, C1-C10 oxa-cyclic alkyl, C1-C10 oxa-halogenated chain alkyl, and C1-C10 oxa-halogenated cyclic alkyl; R ２ The oxygen atom in is directly linked to X, and more preferably, R ２ each independently comprises one or more of C1-C10 oxacyclic alkyl, C1-C10 oxacyclic alkyl, R ２ The electrolyte solution according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the oxygen atom in is directly bonded to X.

8. X comprises P; a represents an integer of 1 or greater, b represents an integer of 1 or greater, and a+b is 6, optionally a is 4 or 5, and b is 1 or 2; R １ each independently contains one or more of a halogen atom, an ester group —O—(C═O)—, and two adjacent R １ may form a ring with X, and optionally, R １ each independently contains one or more of a fluorine atom, an ester group —O—(C═O)—, and two adjacent R １ may form a ring together with X, R ２ each independently comprises one or more of C1-C10 linear alkyl, C1-C10 oxa linear alkyl, C3-C10 cyclic alkyl, C1-C10 oxa cyclic alkyl, C1-C10 halogenated linear alkyl, C1-C10 oxa halogenated linear alkyl, C3-C10 halogenated cyclic alkyl, and C1-C10 oxa halogenated cyclic alkyl, and optionally two adjacent R ２ may form a ring with X, and optionally, R ２ each independently comprises one or more of C1-C10 oxa-chain alkyl, C1-C10 oxa-cyclic alkyl, C1-C10 oxa-halogenated chain alkyl, and C1-C10 oxa-halogenated cyclic alkyl; R ２ The oxygen atom in is directly linked to X, and more preferably, R ２ each independently comprises one or more of C1-C10 oxacyclic alkyl, C1-C10 oxacyclic alkyl, R ２ The electrolyte solution according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the oxygen atom in is directly bonded to X.

9. The first anion is 【Chemistry 4】 [0033] 9. The electrolyte solution of claim 1, wherein the first anion optionally comprises one or more of I-3, I-4, I-8, and I-9.

10. The electrolytic solution according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the molar concentration of the first anion in the electrolytic solution is 0.5 to 4 mol / L, selectively 1 to 3.5 mol / L, and more selectively 1.5 to 3 mol / L.

11. the electrolyte solution further comprises a second anion, the second anion comprising one or more of a bisfluorosulfonylimide anion, a bistrifluoromethanesulfonylimide anion, a bisoxalatoborate anion, a difluorooxalatoborate anion, a difluorobisoxalatophosphate anion, a tetrafluorooxalatophosphate anion, a difluorophosphate anion, a hexafluorophosphate anion, a tetrafluoroborate anion, a hexafluoroarsenate anion, and a trifluoromethanesulfonate anion; Optionally, the second anion comprises one or more of a bisfluorosulfonylimide anion, a bistrifluoromethanesulfonylimide anion, a difluorooxalatoborate anion, a tetrafluorooxalatophosphate anion, and / or Optionally, the molar concentration of the second anion in the electrolyte solution is 4 mol / L or less, optionally 2 mol / L or less, more preferably 1 mol / L or less. The electrolyte solution according to any one of claims 1 to 10.

12. 12. The electrolyte solution of claim 1, wherein the first cation comprises one or more of an alkali metal ion, an alkaline earth metal ion, a zinc ion, an aluminum ion, and optionally one or more of a lithium ion, a sodium ion, a potassium ion, a magnesium ion, and more optionally lithium ion.

13. the electrolytic solution includes a solvent, the solvent includes a first solvent, the first solvent includes one or more of an ester-based solvent, a halogenated ester-based solvent, a sulfone-based solvent, a nitrile-based solvent, an ether-based solvent, and an ionic liquid; Alternatively, the first solvent may be dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, fluoroethylene carbonate, difluoroethylene carbonate, methyl trifluoroethyl carbonate, ethyl trifluoroethyl carbonate, bis(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl) carbonate, methyl formate, ethyl formate, propyl formate, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, propyl acetate, methyl propionate, ethyl propionate, propyl propionate, methyl 2,2,2-trifluoroacetate, ethyl 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl acetate, methyl ether, ethyl ether, propyl ether, butyl ether, methyl ethyl ether, methyl propyl ether, methyl butyl ether, ethyl propyl ether, ethyl butyl ether, propyl butyl ether, dimethoxymethane, diethoxymethane, dipropoxymethane, 1,2-dimethoxyethane , dimethoxypropane, 1,2-diethoxyethane, ethylene glycol methyl ethyl ether, diethylene glycol dimethyl ether, triethylene glycol dimethyl ether, tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, 1,3-dioxolane, tetrahydropyran, 1,3-dioxane, 1,4-dioxane, dimethyl sulfone, dimethyl sulfoxide, sulfolane, ethyl methyl sulfone, tetramethylene sulfoxide, ethyl methyl sulfoxide, diethyl sulfone, diethyl sulfoxide, methyl phenyl sulfone, methyl phenyl sulfoxide, ethyl phenyl sulfone, ethyl phenyl sulfoxide, vinyl phenyl sulfone, vinyl phenyl sulfoxide, acetonitrile, propionitrile, butyronitrile, succinonitrile, 2-butenenitrile; More preferably, the first solvent comprises one or more of dimethoxymethane, diethoxymethane, dipropoxymethane, 1,2-dimethoxyethane, dimethoxypropane, 1,2-diethoxyethane, ethylene glycol methyl ethyl ether, diethylene glycol dimethyl ether, triethylene glycol dimethyl ether, and tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether.

14. the solvent further comprises a second solvent, the second solvent comprising one or more of hydrocarbon and halogenated hydrocarbon solvents, fluoroether solvents; Alternatively, the second solvent may be cyclohexane, benzene, toluene, p-xylene, m-xylene, o-xylene, fluorobenzene, p-difluorobenzene, m-difluorobenzene, o-difluorobenzene, trifluorotoluene, trifluoromethoxybenzene, decafluoropentane, perfluoropentanone, 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl-2,2,3,3-tetrafluoropropyl ether, 1,2-bis(1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy)ethane, bis(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)ether, 1,1,2,3,3,3-hexafluoropropyl ethyl ether, 1H,1H,5H-octafluoropentane, or the like. and one or more of 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl ether, ethyl trifluoromethyl ether, difluoromethyl-2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropyl ether, heptafluoropropyl-1,2,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl ether, difluoromethyl 2,2,3,3-tetrafluoropropyl ether, perfluoroisopropyl methyl ether, 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl-2,2,2-trifluoroethyl ether, ethyl-1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl ether, ethyl-2,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl ether, and bis(1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl)ether; More preferably, the second solvent comprises one or more of trifluoromethoxybenzene, 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl-2,2,3,3-tetrafluoropropyl ether, and 1,2-bis(1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy)ethane.

15. 15. The electrolyte solution of claim 14, wherein the weight ratio of the first solvent to the second solvent is (0.1-10):1, preferably (0.3-3):1, and more preferably (0.5-1.5):

1.

16. the electrolyte solution further comprises an additive, the additive comprising one or more of propane sultone, ethylene sulfate, ethylene sulfite, tris(trimethylsilyl)phosphate, tris(trimethylsilyl)phosphite, tris(trifluoroethyl)phosphate, tris(trifluoroethyl)phosphite, tris(trimethylsilyl)borate, dimethylmaleic anhydride, 1,4-diisocyanatobutane; Optionally, the weight ratio of the additive in the electrolyte is 5 wt% or less, optionally 3 wt% or less, more optionally 1 wt% or less. Electrolyte according to any one of claims 1 to 15.

17. A battery cell comprising the electrolyte solution according to any one of claims 1 to 16.

18. 20. The battery cell of claim 17, wherein the battery cells include metal battery cells, metal-air battery cells, metal-sulfur battery cells, and anode-free metal battery cells, and optionally include lithium metal battery cells, anode-free lithium metal battery cells, lithium-air battery cells, and lithium-sulfur battery cells.

19. A battery comprising the battery cell of claim 17 or 18.

20. 20. An electrical device comprising the battery of claim 19.

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