Compositions, kits, methods and uses for preventing microbial growth

Abstract

To provide a safe and non-toxic composition which suppresses, inhibits, or otherwise prevents the growth of microbial populations, and which can replace or be added to water or other liquids.SOLUTION: A microbiostatic agent, wherein the microbiostatic agent comprises at least 0. 1ppm to at most 0. 45ppm hypochlorite, wherein the pH of the composition is in the range of pH4 to pH6. 5; Wherein the microbiostatic composition inhibits, retards, or prevents the growth of a microbial population and results in a reduction of the microbial population by a factor of 1 * 102 or greater within the first 7 days of continuous exposure to the microbiostatic composition, wherein the microbiostatic composition does not comprise base metal salts, transition metal salts, ozone, or hydrogen peroxide.SELECTED DRAWING: None

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] This application claims the benefit of priority pursuant to 35 U.S.C. §119(e) to, and is entitled to the filing date of, U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62 / 861,987, filed June 14, 2019, and U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62 / 977,090, filed February 14, 2020, the entire contents of each of which are incorporated herein by reference. [Background technology]

[0002] Water plays a vital role in human health, including in healthcare settings and in various residential, commercial, and industrial environments. Water sources and other liquid sources can be contaminated with organic matter and various other compounds that support the growth and persistence of microorganisms, including bacteria, algae, fungi (including mold, mildew, and yeast), and viruses. Controlling and preventing microbial growth in such water and other liquid sources is itself an important aspect in a wide range of industries and applications. Non-sterile water is most commonly used in medical devices (such as CPAP) operated at home or in hospitals. Therefore, it is crucial for many people, especially those with weakened immune systems or illnesses, that non-sterile water, when used, does not promote an environment for further bacterial growth, which increases the likelihood of infection for the patient.

[0003] For example, in the healthcare industry, the use of sterile and non-sterile water or other liquids free of pathogenic levels of microorganisms is necessary for the manufacture and / or delivery of pharmaceuticals and other regulated and unregulated products for internal or external use by individuals, as well as for the operation and / or performance of medical instruments, equipment, machines, or other devices. While medical instruments, equipment, and machines themselves are sterilized or disinfected before use, water or other liquids added to these instruments, equipment, or machines after such cleaning processes can introduce or subsequently become contaminated with microorganisms due to numerous factors, including, but not limited to, patient use during operation of the device or separate storage of the device. For example, the use of water within cardiopulmonary bypass machines used in performing open-heart surgery is currently under investigation as a suspected cause of primary infection in patients undergoing such surgical procedures; symptoms of such infections can take up to several months to appear, with a mortality rate of over 40% in this patient population. Other medical devices that also rely on water as part of their operation, such as continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), have similar contamination issues. Furthermore, microorganisms can contaminate adjacent medical equipment and patient environments, including operating rooms in general. Hospital-acquired infections (HAIs) are a leading cause of mortality and morbidity and represent a significant cost to the healthcare system in the United States and worldwide. Therefore, the type and certification of water or other fluids used in these medical applications is of high importance to the FDA and is therefore highly regulated by this regulatory agency.

[0004] Similarly, when considering equipment, microbial growth can easily spread from contaminated water or other liquids contained in a source to associated residential, commercial, or industrial fixtures, equipment, or machinery, and to homes, buildings, or facilities. Such devices include, but are not limited to, refrigerators, freezers, dishwashers, washing machines, water heaters, air conditioners, cooling towers, or any other equipment that uses water in the course of its operation. Therefore, it is very important to have water or other liquids, and substances such as pharmaceuticals or foods, that do not contain pathogenic levels of microorganisms and that can also prevent subsequent microbial growth that may result from a contamination event during storage or use of the device, fixtures, machinery, or other apparatus.

[0005] Simply diluting a sterilant or disinfectant to a concentration that inhibits or prevents microbial growth is not a viable solution. For example, chemicals used to sterilize or disinfect devices, such as medical instruments, tend to be either irritating or toxic to individuals. Therefore, even at low concentrations, such chemicals are not useful in applications where individuals will be exposed to water or other liquids containing these chemicals. As another example, when used at low concentrations, microbicides, including antibiotics, act as mutagens, promoting the development of microorganisms resistant to these microbicides. Furthermore, microbicides in various industries, such as the agricultural or paper industries, inevitably enter waterways, causing adverse environmental impacts and increasing the likelihood of creating resistant microorganisms.

[0006] Microbiostatic water products are currently available commercially as injectable additives for administration via intravenous, intramuscular, or subcutaneous injection after mixing with pharmaceutical preparations. Such preparations use low concentrations of microbiostatic agents to safely prevent harmful levels of bacterial contamination in the injectable preparation before patient exposure. One example of one of these products may contain 0.9% benzyl alcohol in combination with sterile water. However, benzyl alcohol has been associated with toxicity and hypersensitivity in some individuals, resulting in local reactions and histamine release. If patients are unable to properly metabolize benzyl alcohol, prolonged exposure can be fatal.

[0007] Microbial agents are also added to water in home humidifiers to prevent microbial contamination. The agents used in these solutions can include alkyldimethylammonium chloride and diethylammonium chloride. These agents are known to damage mucous membranes and other human tissues. Use in home humidifiers typically prevents evaporation of the microbial agent and is typically used near individuals (in a room). However, medical applications using humidity require direct application on or into patients, and therefore, microbiostatic compositions containing alkyldimethylammonium chloride and diethylammonium chloride are not suitable for such medical applications.

[0008] Other microbistatic agents can also be created using less effective existing antimicrobial agents that can kill bacteria and microorganisms at therapeutic concentrations. However, such formulations partially expose microorganisms to low concentrations of the antimicrobial agent. Historically, antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has been created, in part, through the overuse, misuse, and long-term use of prophylactic antimicrobial products. Microorganisms build resistance to antimicrobial agents when exposed to therapeutic agents. One mechanism of such adaptation would be the survival of microbial strains that naturally develop resistance mechanisms through their own rapid growth and genetic diversity. Through the process of natural selection, survival potential is optimized with increasing exposure.

[0009] Therefore, there is a need to develop safe, non-toxic compositions that can replace or be added to water or other liquids to inhibit, inhibit, or otherwise prevent the growth of microbial populations. This specification discloses compositions, methods, and uses that provide excellent prevention of microbial population growth in water or other liquids. The water or other liquid can be manufactured as sterile or non-sterile. The disclosed compositions can be added to water or other liquids or can replace these fluids and can be used before or during application. In addition to being effective, the disclosed compositions, methods, and uses are safe and non-toxic to individuals and the environment and can be used in any application where the disclosed compositions are used directly on or in an individual or exposed to the environment. Furthermore, the possibility of the development of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and other microorganisms is greatly reduced because the disclosed compositions, methods, and uses are not mutagenic to microorganisms and have not been shown to induce drug resistance. Additionally, in preventing the growth of microbial populations in water or other liquids, the disclosed compositions, methods, and uses reduce and prevent subsequent microbial contamination of other individuals or equipment exposed to the treated water or other liquid. The disclosed compositions provide a unique product that is stable upon storage and safe for individuals using microbistatic aqueous solutions. Summary of the Invention

[0010] Embodiments of the present specification disclose compositions containing one or more microbistatic agents. The amount of one or more microbistatic agents can be an amount that suppresses or inhibits the growth of microbial populations. The microbistatic agents include hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine, one or more guanide-containing compounds, one or more surfactants, one or more quaternary compounds or silicon quaternary compounds, one or more metal particles, one or more metal salts, and / or phosphate buffers such as calcium phosphate or sodium phosphate. The compositions disclosed herein are stable and effective under environmental conditions that promote microbial growth.

[0011] The present invention provides a composition comprising hypochlorous acid or free effective chlorine.The amount of hypochlorous acid or free effective chlorine can be the amount that inhibits, prevents, or otherwise prevents the growth of microbial population.The composition disclosed herein can further comprise one or more guanide-containing compounds, one or more surfactants, one or more quaternary compounds or silicon quaternary compounds, one or more metal particles, one or more metal salts, and / or phosphate buffer, such as calcium phosphate or sodium phosphate.

[0012] The present invention discloses a composition comprising hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine and one or more quaternary compounds or silicon quaternary compounds.The amount of hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine and / or one or more quaternary compounds or silicon quaternary compounds can be an amount that inhibits, prevents, or otherwise prevents the growth of microbial populations.The composition disclosed herein can further comprise one or more guanide-containing compounds, one or more surfactants, one or more metal particles, one or more metal salts, and / or a phosphate buffer, such as calcium phosphate or sodium phosphate.

[0013] Another aspect of the present disclosure discloses a composition comprising hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine and one or more guanide-containing compounds. The amount of hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine and / or one or more guanide-containing compounds can be an amount that inhibits or otherwise prevents the growth of microbial populations. The disclosed guanide-containing compounds include organic compounds containing biguanide functional groups, biguanidine functional groups, triguanide functional groups, or any combination thereof. The compositions disclosed herein can further include one or more quaternary compounds or silicon quaternary compounds, one or more surfactants, one or more metal particles, one or more metal salts, and / or phosphate buffers such as calcium phosphate or sodium phosphate.

[0014] The present invention discloses a composition comprising hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine, one or more guanide-containing compounds, and one or more surfactants. The amount of hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine, and / or one or more guanide-containing compounds, and / or one or more surfactants can be an amount that inhibits, inhibits, or otherwise prevents the growth of microbial populations. The disclosed guanide-containing compounds include organic compounds containing biguanide functional groups, biguanidine functional groups, triguanide functional groups, or any combination thereof. The compositions disclosed herein can further include one or more quaternary compounds or silicon quaternary compounds, one or more metal particles, one or more metal salts, and / or a phosphate buffer solution such as calcium phosphate or sodium phosphate.

[0015] Another aspect of the present disclosure discloses a composition comprising one or more alcohols and one or more quaternary compounds or silicon quaternary compounds. The amount of the one or more alcohols and / or one or more quaternary compounds or silicon quaternary compounds can be an amount that inhibits, inhibits, or otherwise prevents the growth of microbial populations. Disclosed alcohols include ethanol, methanol, isopropyl alcohol, or any combination thereof. The compositions disclosed herein may further comprise one or more guanide-containing compounds, one or more surfactants, one or more metal particles, one or more metal salts, and / or a phosphate buffer, such as calcium phosphate or sodium phosphate.

[0016] Other aspects of the present disclosure disclose compositions comprising one or more alcohol compounds and one or more guanide-containing compounds. The amount of the one or more alcohols and / or one or more guanide-containing compounds can be an amount that inhibits, inhibits, or otherwise prevents the growth of a microbial population. Disclosed alcohols include ethanol, methanol, isopropyl alcohol, or any combination thereof. Disclosed guanide-containing compounds include organic compounds containing biguanide functional groups, biguanidine functional groups, triguanide functional groups, or any combination thereof. The compositions disclosed herein may further include one or more quaternary or silicon quaternary compounds, one or more surfactants, one or more metal particles, one or more metal salts, and / or a phosphate buffer, such as calcium phosphate or sodium phosphate.

[0017] Another aspect of the present specification discloses a composition comprising hypochlorous acid or free effective chlorine and one or more metal particles.The amount of hypochlorous acid or free effective chlorine and / or one or more metal particles can be an amount that inhibits, prevents, or otherwise prevents the growth of microbial populations.The composition disclosed herein can further comprise one or more metal salts and / or a phosphate buffer, such as calcium phosphate or sodium phosphate.

[0018] Another aspect of the present specification discloses a composition comprising hypochlorous acid or free effective chlorine and one or more metal salts.The amount of hypochlorous acid or free effective chlorine and / or one or more metal salts can be an amount that inhibits, prevents, or otherwise prevents the growth of microbial populations.The composition disclosed herein can further comprise one or more metal particles and / or a phosphate buffer, such as calcium phosphate or sodium phosphate.

[0019] Other aspects of the present disclosure disclose kits that include one or more containers containing the compositions disclosed herein and / or one or more containers containing components of the compositions disclosed herein. The disclosed kits further include one or more delivery or application systems, and / or instructions, and / or containers.

[0020] Other aspects herein disclose the creation of microbistatic water or other liquids. In aspects, the disclosed methods include applying a microbistatic agent disclosed herein to water or other liquids in a microbistatically effective amount, where application of the composition reduces or inhibits microbial growth. In other aspects, the disclosed methods include applying a microbistatic agent disclosed herein to water or other liquids in an amount that suppresses, inhibits, or otherwise prevents the growth of a microbial population without eradicating the microorganisms, where application of the composition reduces or inhibits microbial growth. In yet other aspects, the disclosed methods include applying a microbistatic agent disclosed herein to water or other liquids in an amount that suppresses, inhibits, or otherwise prevents the growth of a microbial population without eradicating the microorganisms to the extent that disinfection or sterilization is achieved, where application of the composition reduces or inhibits microbial growth.

[0021] Other aspects of the present specification disclose methods for reducing or inhibiting microbial growth in water or other liquids. In aspects, the disclosed methods include applying a composition disclosed herein to water or other liquids in an amount that suppresses, inhibits, or otherwise prevents the growth of a microbial population without eradicating the microorganisms, where application of the composition reduces or inhibits microbial growth. The water or other liquids can be produced as sterile or non-sterile. In other aspects, the disclosed methods include applying a composition disclosed herein to water or other liquids in an amount that suppresses, inhibits, or otherwise prevents the growth of a microbial population without eradicating the microorganisms to the extent that disinfection or sterilization is achieved, where application of the composition reduces or inhibits microbial growth. Yet other aspects of the present specification disclose compositions disclosed herein for use in reducing or inhibiting microbial growth in water or other liquids. Yet other aspects of the present specification disclose the use of the disclosed compositions for reducing or inhibiting microbial growth in water or other liquids.

[0022] Other aspects of the present specification disclose methods for reducing or inhibiting microbial growth in a medical device. In aspects, the disclosed methods include applying a composition disclosed herein to water or other liquids present in the medical device in an amount that inhibits microbial growth, where application of the composition reduces or inhibits microbial growth in the water or other liquid. In other aspects, the disclosed methods include applying a composition disclosed herein to water or other liquids present in the medical device in an amount that inhibits, inhibits, or otherwise prevents the growth of a microbial population without eradicating the microorganisms to the extent that disinfection or sterilization is achieved, where application of the composition reduces or inhibits microbial growth in the water or other liquid. In yet other aspects, the disclosed methods include applying a composition disclosed herein to a medical device, where application of the composition reduces or inhibits microbial growth before and during operation of the device. In yet other aspects of the present specification, the disclosed compositions are disclosed for use in reducing or inhibiting microbial growth in water or other liquids present in a medical device. In other aspects of the present specification, the use of the disclosed compositions for reducing or inhibiting microbial growth in a medical device is disclosed.

[0023] Other aspects herein disclose methods of cleaning or irrigating a surface area. In aspects, the disclosed methods include applying a composition disclosed herein to the surface area, where applying the composition cleanses or irrigates the surface area. Other aspects herein disclose compositions disclosed herein for use in cleaning or irrigating a surface area. Yet other aspects herein disclose use of the disclosed compositions for cleaning or irrigating a surface area.

[0024] Other aspects herein disclose methods of cleansing or irrigating a biological surface, tissue, skin, or body cavity. In aspects, the disclosed methods include applying a composition disclosed herein to a surface area, where application of the composition cleanses or irrigates the biological surface, tissue, skin, or body cavity. Other aspects herein disclose compositions disclosed herein for use in cleansing or irrigating a biological surface, tissue, skin, or body cavity. Yet other aspects herein disclose use of the disclosed compositions for cleansing or irrigating a biological surface, tissue, skin, or body cavity.

[0025] Another aspect of the present specification discloses a method of cleansing or irrigating a wound in an individual. In an aspect, the disclosed method comprises applying a composition disclosed herein to a wound in an individual, wherein applying the composition cleanses or irrigates the wound. Another aspect of the present specification discloses a composition disclosed herein for use in cleansing or irrigating a wound in an individual. Yet another aspect of the present specification discloses the use of a disclosed composition for cleansing or irrigating a wound in an individual. Yet another aspect of the present specification discloses the use of a disclosed composition in the manufacture of a medicament for cleansing or irrigating a wound in an individual.

[0026] Other embodiments herein disclose methods of treating and / or alleviating a wound in an individual. In embodiments, the disclosed methods include applying a composition disclosed herein to the individual, wherein application of the composition promotes healing of the wound. Other embodiments herein disclose compositions disclosed herein for use in treating and / or alleviating a wound in an individual. Yet other embodiments herein disclose uses of the disclosed compositions for treating and / or alleviating a wound in an individual. Yet other embodiments herein disclose uses of the disclosed compositions in the manufacture of a medicament for treating and / or alleviating a wound in an individual.

[0027] Other aspects of the present specification disclose methods for irrigating or irrigating an infection in an individual. In aspects, the disclosed methods include applying a composition disclosed herein to an individual, where applying the composition irrigates or irrigates the infection. Other aspects of the present specification disclose compositions for use in irrigating or irrigating an infection in an individual. Yet other aspects of the present specification disclose uses of the disclosed compositions for irrigating or irrigating an infection in an individual. Yet other aspects of the present specification disclose use of the disclosed compositions in the manufacture of a medicament for irrigating or irrigating an infection in an individual. The infection can be a microbial infection.

[0028] Other embodiments herein disclose methods of treating and / or alleviating an infection in an individual. In embodiments, the disclosed methods include applying a composition disclosed herein to the individual, wherein application of the composition promotes healing of the infection. Other embodiments herein disclose compositions disclosed herein for use in treating and / or alleviating an infection in an individual. Yet other embodiments herein disclose uses of the disclosed compositions for treating and / or alleviating an infection in an individual. Yet other embodiments herein disclose uses of the disclosed compositions in the manufacture of a medicament for treating and / or alleviating an infection in an individual.

[0029] Other aspects herein disclose methods of cleansing or irrigating inflammation in an individual. In aspects, the disclosed methods include applying a composition disclosed herein to an individual, where applying the composition cleanses or irrigates the inflammation. Other aspects herein disclose compositions disclosed herein for use in cleansing or irrigating inflammation in an individual. Yet other aspects herein disclose use of the disclosed compositions for cleansing or irrigating inflammation in an individual. Yet other aspects herein disclose use of the disclosed compositions in the manufacture of a medicament for cleansing or irrigating inflammation in an individual.

[0030] Other embodiments herein disclose methods of treating and / or alleviating inflammation in an individual. In embodiments, the disclosed methods include applying a composition disclosed herein to the individual, wherein application of the composition promotes healing of the inflammation. Other embodiments herein disclose compositions disclosed herein for use in treating and / or alleviating inflammation in an individual. Yet other embodiments herein disclose uses of the disclosed compositions for treating and / or alleviating inflammation in an individual. Yet other embodiments herein disclose uses of the disclosed compositions in the manufacture of a medicament for treating and / or alleviating inflammation in an individual. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0031] The compositions disclosed herein contain one or more microbistatic agents that reduce or prevent microbial growth. A microbistatic agent is a biological or chemical agent that directly or indirectly inhibits, inhibits, or otherwise prevents microbial growth for a given period of time. Exposure to the microbistatic agents disclosed herein is reversible, such that microbial growth may resume when the agent is removed. Additionally, when added to water or other fluids, the microbistatic agents disclosed herein are not designed to disinfect, sterilize, or otherwise eliminate microbial contamination. Furthermore, microbistatic agents are classified by regulatory agencies, including the EPA and FDA, and require separate testing protocols that are significantly different from the disinfection and sterilization testing assays adopted by the same regulatory agencies. Therefore, the microbistatic agents disclosed herein are not microbicides because they do not necessarily irreversibly eradicate microorganisms. Microbistatic agents disclosed herein include, but are not limited to, hypochlorous acid, free available chlorine, one or more guanide-containing compounds, one or more surfactants, one or more quaternary or silicon quaternary compounds, one or more metal particles, and / or one or more metal salts. Microorganisms include, but are not limited to, bacteria, algae, fungi (including molds, mildews, and yeasts), and viruses.

[0032] The compositions disclosed herein inhibit, inhibit, or otherwise prevent the growth of microbial populations for a given period of time. Exposure to the compositions disclosed herein is reversible, such that microbial growth may resume when the compositions are removed. When used in place of water or other liquids, the compositions disclosed herein are not designed to disinfect, sterilize, or otherwise eliminate microbial contamination on surfaces or in devices, equipment, machinery, or other apparatus. When added to water or other liquids, the compositions disclosed herein are not designed to disinfect, sterilize, or otherwise eliminate microbial contamination of either the water or aqueous solution, or surfaces, or devices, equipment, machinery, or other apparatus. Therefore, the compositions disclosed herein are microbistatic compositions, not microbiocidal compositions.

[0033] Without wishing to be bound by theory, the compositions disclosed herein inhibit, inhibit, or otherwise prevent microbial growth directly or indirectly, for example, by preventing cell division or an aspect thereof, such as nuclear division or cytokinesis. For example, the compositions disclosed herein may directly inhibit, inhibit, or otherwise prevent an aspect of cell division, for example, by inactivating an enzyme or other component necessary for that aspect. As another example, the compositions disclosed herein may indirectly inhibit, inhibit, or otherwise prevent an aspect of cell division, for example, by sequestering metabolites or nutrients necessary for microbial health (unhealthy microorganisms do not reproduce) or for the cell division aspect. Thus, the compositions disclosed herein are broad-spectrum microbistatic compositions that inhibit, inhibit, or otherwise prevent the growth of microbial populations without eradicating the microorganisms. In an aspect of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein are broad-spectrum microbistatic compositions that inhibit, inhibit, or otherwise prevent the growth of microbial populations without eradicating the microorganisms to the extent that disinfection or sterilization is achieved.

[0034] The disclosed compositions can be formulated to be used directly as undiluted compositions, for example, in the methods disclosed herein. Such compositions are formulated with one or more microbistatic agents in a microbistatically effective amount. In addition, the disclosed compositions can be formulated as concentrates and used in diluted form or as an additive to water or another fluid, for example, in the methods disclosed herein. Such compositions are formulated with one or more microbistatic agents in such a way that the final concentration of the one or more microbistatic agents used in application is a microbistatically effective amount. The compositions disclosed herein can be manufactured under aseptic conditions and / or with a subsequent sterilization procedure, such as filtration.

[0035] The compositions disclosed herein contain a microbistatically effective amount of a microbistatic agent. A microbistatically effective amount is an amount that inhibits, inhibits, or otherwise prevents the growth of a microbial population for a given period of time. Microbial growth or the growth of a microbial population refers to the process by which microorganisms increase or reproduce to create new microorganisms, for example, by cell division, sporulation, or replication. Thus, a microbistatically effective amount directly or indirectly prevents microorganisms from undergoing the process of increasing or reproducing, for example, by preventing cell division or an aspect thereof, such as nuclear division or cytokinesis, but does not eradicate these microorganisms. In one aspect of this embodiment, a microbistatically effective amount is an amount that inhibits, inhibits, or otherwise prevents the growth of a microbial population for a given period of time without completely eradicating the microorganisms. In another aspect of this embodiment, a microbistatically effective amount is an amount that inhibits, inhibits, or otherwise prevents the growth of a microbial population for a given period of time without eradicating the microorganisms to the extent that disinfection or sterilization is achieved. In yet another aspect of this embodiment, a microbistatically effective amount includes a microbial sublethal dose (also called a microbial nonlethal dose), or minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC).

[0036] In aspects of this embodiment, the microbistatically effective amount can be a bacteriostatically effective amount, an algaestatically effective amount, a fungistatically effective amount, and / or a virustatically effective amount. A bacteriostatically effective amount is an amount that inhibits bacterial growth for a given period of time without eradicating bacteria. In aspects of this embodiment, a bacteriostatically effective amount is an amount that inhibits bacterial growth for a given period of time without eradicating bacteria to an extent that disinfection or sterilization is achieved. An algaestatically effective amount is an amount that inhibits algae growth for a given period of time without eradicating algae to an extent that disinfection or sterilization is achieved. A fungistatically effective amount is an amount that inhibits fungal growth for a given period of time without eradicating fungi. In aspects of this embodiment, a fungistatically effective amount is an amount that inhibits fungal growth for a given period of time without eradicating fungi to an extent that disinfection or sterilization is achieved. A virustatically effective amount is an amount that inhibits viral replication for a given period of time without eradicating viruses to an extent that disinfection or sterilization is achieved. In aspects of this embodiment, a virostatically effective amount is an amount that inhibits viral replication for a given period of time without eradicating the virus to the extent that disinfection or sterilization is achieved.

[0037] In aspects of this embodiment, a microbistatically effective amount of a microbistatic agent disclosed herein 1) inhibits, inhibits, or otherwise prevents the growth of a microbial population, and 2) reduces the growth of 1 x 10 of a microbial population within the first 7 days of continuous exposure to the microbistatic agent. 2 3) a reduction of at least 1 x 10 microbial population after at least 14 days of continuous exposure to the microbistatic agent without achieving complete kill of the microbial population. 2 In other aspects of this embodiment, a microbistatically effective amount of a microbistatic agent disclosed herein is an amount that 1) inhibits, inhibits, or otherwise prevents the growth of a microbial population, and 2) reduces the microbial population by 1 x 10 to 1 x 10 within the first 7 days of continuous exposure to the microbistatic agent. 2 3) results in a microbial population reduction of at least 1 × 10 after at least 14 days of continuous exposure to the microbistatic agent. 2 A 1×10 reduction in the microbial population 4 A fold reduction of 1×10 of the microbial population5 A fold reduction of 1×10 of the microbial population 6 A fold or greater reduction in the microbial population of 1 × 10 7 A quantity that results in a reduction of more than one-fifth.

[0038] In aspects of this embodiment, a microbistatically effective amount of a microbistatic agent disclosed herein 1) inhibits, inhibits, or otherwise prevents the growth of a microbial population, and 2) inhibits about 1 x 10 of the microbial population within the first 7 days of continuous exposure to the microbistatic agent. 0 1 / 10 to approximately 1 x 10 2 3) a reduction of at least 1 x 10 microbial population after at least 14 days of continuous exposure to the microbistatic agent without achieving complete kill of the microbial population. 2 In other aspects of this embodiment, a microbistatically effective amount of a microbistatic agent disclosed herein is an amount that 1) inhibits, inhibits, or otherwise prevents the growth of a microbial population, and 2) reduces the microbial population by about 1 x 10 to 10% within the first 7 days of continuous exposure to the microbistatic agent. 0 1 / 10 to approximately 1 x 10 2 3) a minimum of 1 x 10 reduction in the microbial population after at least 14 days of continuous exposure to the microbistatic agent. 2 A 1×10 reduction in the microbial population 4 A fold reduction of 1×10 of the microbial population 5 A fold reduction of 1×10 of the microbial population 6 A fold or greater reduction in the microbial population of 1 × 10 7 A quantity that results in a reduction of more than one-fifth.

[0039] In aspects of this embodiment, a sublethal dose of a microbistatic agent disclosed herein 1) inhibits, inhibits, or otherwise prevents the growth of a microbial population, and 2) reduces the growth of 1 x 10 of the microbial population within the first 7 days of continuous exposure to the microbistatic agent. 2 3) a reduction of at least 1 x 10 microbial population after at least 14 days of continuous exposure to the microbistatic agent without achieving complete kill of the microbial population. 2In other aspects of this embodiment, a sublethal dose of a microbistatic agent disclosed herein is an amount that 1) inhibits, inhibits, or otherwise prevents the growth of a microbial population, and 2) reduces the growth of a microbial population by 1 x 10 to 1 x 10 within the first 7 days of continuous exposure to the microbistatic agent. 2 3) results in a microbial population reduction of at least 1 × 10 after at least 14 days of continuous exposure to the microbistatic agent. 2 A 1×10 reduction in the microbial population 4 A fold reduction of 1×10 of the microbial population 5 A fold reduction of 1×10 of the microbial population 6 A fold or greater reduction in the microbial population of 1 × 10 7 A quantity that results in a reduction of more than one-fifth.

[0040] In aspects of this embodiment, a sublethal dose of a microbistatic agent disclosed herein 1) inhibits, inhibits, or otherwise prevents the growth of a microbial population, and 2) reduces the growth of about 1 x 10 of the microbial population within the first 7 days of continuous exposure to the microbistatic agent. 0 1 / 10 to approximately 1 x 10 2 3) a reduction of at least 1 x 10 microbial population after at least 14 days of continuous exposure to the microbistatic agent without achieving complete kill of the microbial population. 2 In other aspects of this embodiment, a sublethal dose of a microbistatic agent disclosed herein 1) inhibits, inhibits, or otherwise prevents the growth of a microbial population, and 2) reduces the microbial population by about 1 x 10 to 10% within the first 7 days of continuous exposure to the microbistatic agent. 0 1 / 10 to approximately 1 x 10 2 3) a minimum of 1 x 10 reduction in the microbial population after at least 14 days of continuous exposure to the microbistatic agent. 2 A 1×10 reduction in the microbial population 4 A fold reduction of 1×10 of the microbial population 5 A fold reduction of 1×10 of the microbial population 6 A fold or greater reduction in the microbial population of 1 × 10 7 A quantity that results in a reduction of more than one-fifth.

[0041] A minimum microbicidal concentration is the lowest amount of a microbistatic agent disclosed herein or a composition disclosed herein that will eradicate the microorganisms comprising a microbial population within one day. In aspects of this embodiment, the minimum microbicidal concentration of a microbistatic agent disclosed herein or a composition disclosed herein is, for example, 1 x 10 of a microbial population within one day. 4 A fold reduction of 1 x 10 microbial population 5 A fold reduction of 1 x 10 microbial population 6 A fold reduction, or 1 x 10 of the microbial population 7 Achieve a reduction of more than one-fold. In embodiments, the compositions disclosed herein are formulated with one or more microbistatic agents disclosed herein in an amount that is not the minimum microbiocidal concentration. In embodiments, the compositions disclosed herein are formulated with one or more microbistatic agents disclosed herein in an amount that is less than the minimum microbiocidal concentration of the one or more microbiocidal agents. In another embodiment, the amount of one or more microbistatic agents disclosed herein or compositions disclosed herein used in the methods disclosed herein is an amount that is not the minimum microbiocidal concentration of the one or more microbiocidal agents or compositions. In another embodiment, the amount of one or more microbistatic agents disclosed herein or compositions disclosed herein used in the methods disclosed herein is an amount that is less than the minimum microbiocidal concentration of the one or more microbiocidal agents or compositions.

[0042] In embodiments, a microbistatically effective amount of a microbistatic agent disclosed herein is an amount that inhibits, inhibits, or otherwise prevents the growth of a microbial population for a given period of time. In aspects of this embodiment, a microbistatically effective amount of a microbistatic agent disclosed herein is an amount that inhibits, inhibits, or otherwise prevents the growth of a microbial population for, e.g., about 4 hours, about 8 hours, about 12 hours, about 16 hours, about 20 hours, or about 24 hours. In other aspects of this embodiment, a microbistatically effective amount of a microbistatic agent disclosed herein is an amount that inhibits, inhibits, or otherwise prevents the growth of a microbial population for, e.g., at least 4 hours, at least 8 hours, at least 12 hours, at least 16 hours, at least 20 hours, or at least 24 hours. In yet other aspects of this embodiment, a microbistatically effective amount of a microbistatic agent disclosed herein is an amount that inhibits, inhibits, or otherwise prevents the growth of a microbial population, for example, for up to 4 hours, up to 8 hours, up to 12 hours, up to 16 hours, up to 20 hours, or up to 24 hours. In yet another aspect of this embodiment, a microbistatically effective amount of a microbistatic agent disclosed herein is an amount that inhibits, inhibits, or otherwise prevents the growth of a microbial population for, e.g., about 4 hours to about 8 hours, about 4 hours to about 12 hours, about 4 hours to about 16 hours, about 4 hours to about 20 hours, about 4 hours to about 24 hours, about 8 hours to about 12 hours, about 8 hours to about 16 hours, about 8 hours to about 20 hours, about 8 hours to about 24 hours, about 12 hours to about 16 hours, about 12 hours to about 20 hours, about 12 hours to about 24 hours, about 16 hours to about 20 hours, about 16 hours to about 24 hours, or about 20 hours to about 24 hours.

[0043] In other aspects of this embodiment, a microbistatically effective amount of a microbistatic agent disclosed herein is an amount that inhibits, inhibits, or otherwise prevents the growth of a microbial population for, e.g., about 1 day, about 2 days, 3 days, 4 days, 5 days, 6 days, 7 days, 8 days, 9 days, 10 days, 11 days, 12 days, 13 days, 14 days, 15 days, about 20 days, about 25 days, or about 30 days. In yet other aspects of this embodiment, a microbistatically effective amount of a microbistatic agent disclosed herein is an amount that inhibits, inhibits, or otherwise prevents the growth of a microbial population for, e.g., at least 1 day, at least 2 days, at least 3 days, at least 4 days, at least 5 days, at least 6 days, at least 7 days, at least 8 days, at least 9 days, at least 10 days, at least 11 days, at least 12 days, at least 13 days, at least 14 days, at least 15 days, at least 20 days, at least 25 days, or at least 30 days. In yet another aspect of this embodiment, a microbistatically effective amount of a microbistatic agent disclosed herein is an amount that inhibits, inhibits, or otherwise prevents the growth of a microbial population for, e.g., up to 1 day, up to 2 days, up to 3 days, up to 4 days, up to 5 days, up to 6 days, up to 7 days, up to 8 days, up to 9 days, up to 10 days, up to 11 days, up to 12 days, up to 13 days, up to 14 days, up to 15 days, up to 20 days, up to 25 days, or up to 30 days.

[0044] In other aspects of this embodiment, the microbistatically effective amount of the microbistatic agent disclosed herein is, for example, from about 1 day to about 2 days, from about 1 day to about 3 days, from about 1 day to about 4 days, from about 1 day to about 5 days, from about 1 day to about 6 days, from about 1 day to about 7 days, from about 1 day to about 8 days, from about 1 day to about 9 days, from about 1 day to about 10 days, from about 1 day to about 11 days, from about 1 day to about 12 days, from about 1 day to about 13 days, from about 1 day to about 14 days, from about 1 day to about 15 days, from about 1 day to about 20 days, from about 1 day to about 25 days, from about 1 day to about 30 days, from about 2 days to about 3 days, from about 2 days to about 4 days, from about 2 days to about 5 days, from about 5 days to about 6 days, from about 5 days to about 7 days, from about 5 days to about 8 days, from about 5 days to about 9 days, from about 5 days to about 10 days, from about 5 days to about 11 days, from about 5 days to about 12 days, from about 5 days to about 13 days, from about 5 days to about 14 days, from about 5 days to about 15 days, from about 5 days to about 20 days, from about 5 days to about 25 days, from about 5 days to about 30 days, from about 5 days to about 30 days, from about 5 days to about 30 days, from about 5 days to about 30 days, from about 5 days to about 4 days, from about 5 days to about 6 days, from about 5 days to about 6 days, from about 5 days to about 7 days, from about 5 days to about 8 days, from about 5 days to about 9 days, from 0-5 days, 2-6 days, 2-7 days, 2-8 days, 2-9 days, 2-10 days, 2-11 days, 2-12 days, 2-13 days, 2-14 days, 2-15 days, 2-20 days, 2-25 days, 2-30 days, 3-4 days, 3-5 days, 3-6 days, 3-7 days, 3-8 days, 3-9 days, 3-10 days, 3-11 days, 3-12 days, 3-13 days Between about 3 days to about 14 days, about 3 days to about 15 days, about 3 days to about 20 days, about 3 days to about 25 days, about 3 days to about 30 days, about 4 days to about 5 days, about 4 days to about 6 days, about 4 days to about 7 days, about 4 days to about 8 days, about 4 days to about 9 days, about 4 days to about 10 days, about 4 days to about 11 days, about 4 days to about 12 days, about 4 days to about 13 days, about 4 days to about 14 days, about 4 days to about 15 days, about 4 days to about 20 days, about 4 days to about 25 days, about 4 days to about 30 days, about 5 days to about 6 days, about 5 days to about 7 days, about 5 days to about 8 days, about 5 days to about 9 days, match 5 days to about 10 days, about 5 days to about 11 days, about 5 days to about 12 days, about 5 days to about 13 days, about 5 days to about 14 days, about 5 days to about 15 days, about 5 days to about 20 days, about 5 days to about 25 days, about 5 days to about 30 days, about 6 days to about 7 days, about 6 days to about 8 days, about 6 days to about 9 days, about 6 days to about 10 days, about 6 days to about 11 days, about 6 days to about 12 days, about 6 days to about 13 days, about 6 days to about 14 days, about 6 days to about 15 days, about 6 days to about 20 days, about 6 days to about 25 days, about 6 days to about 30 days, about 7 days to about 8 days, about 7 days to about 9 days,About 7 days to about 10 days, about 7 days to about 11 days, about 7 days to about 12 days, about 7 days to about 13 days, about 7 days to about 14 days, about 7 days to about 15 days, about 7 days to about 20 days, about 7 days to about 25 days, about 7 days to about 30 days, about 8 days to about 9 days, about 8 days to about 10 days, about 8 days to about 11 days, about 8 days to about 12 days, about 8 days to about 13 days, about 8 days to about 14 days, about 8 days to about 15 days, about 8 days to about 20 days, about 8 days to about 25 days, about 8 days to about 30 days, about 9 days to about 10 days, about 9 days to about 11 days, about 9 days to about 12 days, about 9 days to about 13 days, about 9 days to about 14 days, about 9 days to about 15 days, about 9 days to about 20 days, about 9 days to about 25 days, about 9 days to about 30 days, about 10 days to about 11 days, about 10 days to about 12 days, about 10 days to about 13 days, about 10 days to about 14 days, about 10 days to about 15 days, about 10 days to about 20 days, about 10 days to about 25 days Between about 10 days and about 30 days, between about 11 days and about 12 days, between about 11 days and about 13 days, between about 11 days and about 14 days, between about 11 days and about 15 days, between about 11 days and about 20 days, between about 11 days and about 25 days, between about 11 days and about 30 days, between about 12 days and about 13 days, between about 12 days and about 14 days, between about 12 days and about 15 days, between about 12 days and about 20 days, between about 12 days and about 25 days, between about 12 days and about 30 days, between about 13 days and about 14 days, between about 13 days and about 15 days, This is an amount that inhibits, inhibits, or otherwise prevents the growth of a microbial population for about 13 days to about 20 days, about 13 days to about 25 days, about 13 days to about 30 days, about 14 days to about 15 days, about 14 days to about 20 days, about 14 days to about 25 days, about 14 days to about 30 days, about 15 days to about 20 days, about 15 days to about 25 days, about 15 days to about 30 days, about 20 days to about 25 days, about 20 days to about 30 days, or about 25 days to about 30 days.

[0045] In other aspects of this embodiment, a microbistatically effective amount of a microbistatic agent disclosed herein is an amount that inhibits, inhibits, or otherwise prevents the growth of a microbial population for, e.g., about 1 week, about 2 weeks, 3 weeks, or 4 weeks. In yet other aspects of this embodiment, a microbistatically effective amount of a microbistatic agent disclosed herein is an amount that inhibits, inhibits, or otherwise prevents the growth of a microbial population for, e.g., at least 1 week, at least 2 weeks, at least 3 weeks, or at least 4 weeks. In yet other aspects of this embodiment, a microbistatically effective amount of a microbistatic agent disclosed herein is an amount that inhibits, inhibits, or otherwise prevents the growth of a microbial population for, e.g., up to 1 week, up to 2 weeks, up to 3 weeks, or up to 4 weeks. In other aspects of this embodiment, a microbistatically effective amount of a microbistatic agent disclosed herein is an amount that inhibits, inhibits, or otherwise prevents the growth of a microbial population for, for example, about 1 week to about 2 weeks, about 1 week to about 3 weeks, about 1 week to about 4 weeks, about 2 weeks to about 3 weeks, about 2 weeks to about 4 weeks, or about 3 weeks to about 4 weeks.

[0046] The compositions disclosed herein have improved stability and efficacy.In one embodiment, this improved stability and efficacy is due to the protection of hypochlorous acid.Partly, the composition can protect hypochlorous acid from exposure to harmful substances, including, for example, organic compounds, reactive compounds, positively charged molecules, or other compounds that promote or facilitate the decomposition of hypochlorous acid.For example, the disclosed compositions are stable in serum and plastic packaging materials.In addition, when hypochlorous acid is protected from this exposure, a synergistic effect in efficacy is observed.This significantly improved efficacy allows a smaller amount of hypochlorous acid to be used in the disclosed compositions.Since a concentration of hypochlorous acid greater than 350 ppm, particularly greater than 500 ppm, causes instability, the stability of the disclosed compositions can be further improved by using a smaller amount of hypochlorous acid.Therefore, the compositions disclosed herein are considered to be a substitute for any previous hypochlorous acid compositions currently on the market or under development.

[0047] The stability of the compositions disclosed herein may be due to the positively charged N atoms of the quaternary compounds or silicon quaternary compounds, metal particles, metal salts, phosphate buffers such as calcium phosphate or sodium phosphate, and / or the guanide-containing compounds disclosed herein. Such compounds may be negatively charged (OCl - ), and the complex thus formed maintains its stability for a long period of time compared to hypochlorous acid alone, which is a weaker complex in solution than the compositions disclosed herein. For example, in the presence of copper chloride, hypochlorous acid forms copper hypochlorite and HCl, and in the presence of zinc chloride, hypochlorous acid forms zinc hypochlorite and HCl. By replacing sodium hydroxide with calcium oxide, a solution with a lower basicity is formed, as calcium oxide forms calcium hypochlorite and water in the presence of hypochlorous acid. The reduced basicity increases the stability of copper hypochlorite and zinc hypochlorite because there is less base to react with zinc ions and copper ions, thereby maintaining the stability of copper hypochlorite and zinc hypochlorite. Furthermore, the use of hypochlorous acid at 500 ppm or less, particularly 350 ppm or less, further improves the stability of the compositions disclosed herein.

[0048] The improved efficacy of the compositions disclosed herein may be, in part, the result of chemical bond formation between the substrate and the quaternary compounds or silicon quaternary compounds, metal particles, metal salts, phosphate buffers such as calcium phosphate or sodium phosphate, and / or guanide-containing compounds disclosed herein, thereby preventing free OCl, which itself has antimicrobial activity. - in combination with , provides long-lasting activity.

[0049] The composition disclosed herein can comprise hypochlorous acid.The chemical formula of hypochlorous acid, which is weak acid, is HOCl, but its molecular formula is written as HClO.As shown in formula I, hypochlorous acid is a simple molecule, in which central oxygen is connected to chlorine atom and hydrogen atom via single bond, and has molar mass of 52.46g / mol. [ka]

[0050] Hypochlorous acid is a colorless solution, the exact physical properties of which vary depending on the concentration of hypochlorous acid in the solution. Hypochlorous acid reacts with bases to form salts called hypochlorites. For example, sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), the active ingredient in bleach, is formed by reacting hypochlorous acid with sodium hydroxide. Hypochlorous acid also readily reacts with a variety of organic and biological molecules.

[0051] Hypochlorous acid solutions can be produced, for example, by dissolving chlorine in water, hydrolysis of chlorine gas, electrolysis of saline, or acidification of hypochlorite or sodium hypochlorite. For example, stable hypochlorites, such as alkali metal hypochlorites such as sodium hypochlorite, calcium hypochlorite, potassium hypochlorite, lithium hypochlorite, and magnesium hypochlorite, can be obtained by dissolving chlorine gas in an aqueous alkali metal hydroxide solution such as sodium hydroxide solution, calcium hydroxide solution, potassium hydroxide solution, lithium hydroxide solution, or magnesium hydroxide solution. Hypochlorous acid can also be prepared by dissolving dichlorine monoxide in water. As another example, hypochlorous acid can also be produced by electrolyzing saline. In one method, electric current is applied to a one-compartment cell, a two-compartment cell, or a three-compartment cell, which includes a cathode chamber, an anode chamber, and a central saline chamber inserted between the other two chambers, each chamber separated by a semipermeable membrane. During electrolysis, sodium chloride (NaCl) is converted into negatively charged chlorides (Cl - ) and positively charged sodium (Na + ) At the same time, water dissociates to form hydroxide (OH - ) ions and hydrogen (H + ) ions are formed. - ) ions and hydroxide (OH -) ions move to the anode and lose electrons to form hypochlorous acid (HOCl) and hypochlorite ions (OCl - ) and form oxygen (O ) gas and chlorine (Cl ) gas. The reduced water containing hypochlorous acid is then distributed to a collection chamber for subsequent use. Methods for generating hypochlorous acid are described in, for example, U.S. Patent Nos. 3,914,397, 4,190,638, 4,908,215, 5,322,677, 6,426,066, 7,323,118, 8,062,500, 8,945,630, 9,168,318 and 9,486,479, each of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

[0052] In embodiments, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid in an amount that provides the compositions disclosed herein with desired beneficial effects.For example, when the compositions that comprise hypochlorous acid are formulated to be used in a non-diluted state, the amount of hypochlorous acid used is a microbistatically effective amount.Alternatively, when the compositions that comprise hypochlorous acid are formulated to be used in a diluted manner, the amount of hypochlorous acid used in such concentrated formulations can be any amount that does not cause the precipitation of components in the compositions disclosed herein or does not otherwise produce the unwanted effects that make the composition unusable.

[0053] In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein may be used in a range of concentrations, for example, 0.01 ppm, 0.05 ppm, 0.10 ppm, 0.15 ppm, 0.20 ppm, 0.25 ppm, 0.30 ppm, 0.35 ppm, 0.40 ppm, 0.45 ppm, 0.50 ppm, 0.55 ppm, 0.60 ppm, 0.65 ppm, 0.70 ppm, 0.75 ppm, 0.80 ppm, 0.85 ppm, 0.90 ppm, 0.95 ppm, 1 ppm, 5 ppm, 1 0ppm, 15ppm, 20ppm, 25ppm, 30ppm, 35ppm, 40ppm, 45ppm, 50ppm, 55ppm, 60ppm, 65ppm, 70ppm, 75ppm, 80ppm, 85ppm, 90ppm, 95ppm, 100ppm, 125ppm, 150ppm, 175ppm, 200ppm, 225ppm, 250ppm, 275ppm, 300ppm, 325ppm, 350ppm, 375ppm, 400ppm, 425p pm, 450ppm, 475ppm, 500ppm, 525ppm, 550ppm, 575ppm, 600ppm, 625ppm, 650ppm, 675ppm, 700ppm, 725ppm, 750ppm, 775ppm, 800ppm, 825ppm, 850ppm, 875ppm, 900ppm, 925ppm, 950ppm, 975ppm, 1,000ppm, 1,025ppm, 1,050ppm, 1075ppm, 1,100ppm, 1 ,125ppm, 1,150ppm, 1,175ppm, 1,200ppm, 1,225ppm, 1,250ppm, 1,275ppm, 1,300ppm, 1,325ppm, 1,350ppm, 1,375ppm, 1,400ppm, 1,425ppm, 1,450ppm, 1,475ppm, 1,500ppm, 1,600ppm, 1,700ppm, 1,800ppm, 1,900ppm, or 2,000ppm of hypochlorous acid. In other aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein may contain at least 0.01 ppm, at least 0.05 ppm, at least 0.10 ppm, at least 0.20 ppm, at least 0.30 ppm, at least 0.40 ppm, at least 0.50 ppm, at least 0.60 ppm, at least 0.70 ppm, at least 0.80 ppm, at least 0.90 ppm, at least 1 ppm, at least 10 ppm, at least 20 ppm, at least 30 ppm, at least 40 ppm, at least 50 ppm, at least 60 ppm, at least 70 ppm, at least 80 ppm, at least 90 ppm, at least 100 ppm, at least 125 ppm, at least 150 ppm, at least 175 ppm, at least 200 ppm, at least 225 ppm, at least 250 ppm, at least 275 ppm, at least 300 ppm, at least 325 ppm, at least 350 ppm, at least 375 ppm, at least 400 ppm, at least 425 ppm, at least 450 ppm, at least 475 ppm, at least 500 ppm, at least 525 ppm, at least 550 ppm, at least 575 ppm, at least 600 ppm, at least 625 ppm, at least 650 ppm, at least 675 ppm, at least 700 ppm, at least 725 ppm, at least 750 ppm, at least 775 ppm, at least 800 ppm , at least 825 ppm, at least 850 ppm, at least 875 ppm, at least 900 ppm, at least 925 ppm, at least 950 ppm, at least 975 ppm, at least 1,000 ppm, at least 1,025 ppm, at least 1,050 ppm, at least 1075 ppm, at least 1,100 ppm, at least 1,125 ppm, at least 1,150 ppm, at least 1,175 ppm, at least 1,200 ppm, at least 1,225 ppm, at least 1, In yet another aspect of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid in an amount of at least 250 ppm, at least 1,275 ppm, at least 1,300 ppm, at least 1,325 ppm, at least 1,350 ppm, at least 1,375 ppm, at least 1,400 ppm, at least 1,425 ppm, at least 1,450 ppm, at least 1,475 ppm, at least 1,500 ppm, at least 1,600 ppm, at least 1,700 ppm, at least 1,800 ppm, at least 1,900 ppm, or at least 2,000 ppm. In yet another aspect of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid in an amount of at most 0.01 ppm, at most 0.05 ppm, at most 0.10 ppm, at most 0.20ppm, max 0.30ppm, max 0.40ppm, max 0.50ppm, max 0.60ppm, max 0.70ppm, max 0.80ppm, max 0.90ppm, max 1ppm, max 10ppm, max 20ppm, max 30ppm, max 40ppm, max 50ppm, max 60ppm, max 70ppm, max 80ppm, max 90ppm, max 100ppm, max 125ppm, max 150ppm, max 175ppm, max 200ppm, max 225ppm, max 250ppm, max 275ppm, max 300ppm, max 325ppm, max 350ppm, max 375ppm, max 400ppm, max 425ppm, max 450ppm, max 475ppm, max 500ppm, max 525ppm, max 550ppm, max 575ppm, max 600ppm, max 625ppm, max 650ppm, max 675ppm, max 700ppm, max 725 ppm, max 750ppm, max 775ppm, max 800ppm, max 825ppm, max 850ppm, max 875ppm, max 900ppm, max 925ppm, max 950ppm, max 975ppm, max 1,000ppm, max 1,025ppm, max 1,050ppm, max 1075ppm, max 1,100ppm, max 1,125ppm, max 1,150ppm, max 1,175ppm, max 1,200ppm, max Contains hypochlorous acid in an amount of 1,225 ppm, up to 1,250 ppm, up to 1,275 ppm, up to 1,300 ppm, up to 1,325 ppm, up to 1,350 ppm, up to 1,375 ppm, up to 1,400 ppm, up to 1,425 ppm, up to 1,450 ppm, up to 1,475 ppm, up to 1,500 ppm, up to 1,600 ppm, up to 1,700 ppm, up to 1,800 ppm, up to 1,900 ppm, or up to 2,000 ppm.

[0054] In yet another aspect of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein may have a CI concentration of, for example, about 0.01 ppm to about 0.1 ppm, about 0.01 ppm to about 0.2 ppm, about 0.01 ppm to about 0.25 ppm, about 0.01 ppm to about 0.3 ppm, about 0.01 ppm to about 0.4 ppm, about 0.01 ppm to about 0.5 ppm, about 0.01 ppm to about 1 ppm, about 0.01 ppm to about 5 ppm, about 0.01 ppm to about 10 ppm, about 0.01 ppm to about 15 ppm, about 0.01 ppm to about 20 ppm, about 0.01 ppm to about 25 ppm, about 0.01 ppm to about 30 ppm, or ppm, about 0.01ppm to about 35ppm, about 0.01ppm to about 40ppm, about 0.01ppm to about 45ppm, about 0.01ppm to about 50ppm, about 0.05ppm to about 0.1ppm, about 0.05ppm to about 0.5ppm, about 0.05ppm to about 1ppm, about 0.05p pm ~ about 5ppm, about 0.05ppm - about 10ppm, about 0.05ppm - about 15ppm, about 0.05ppm - about 20ppm, about 0.05ppm - about 25ppm, about 0.05ppm - about 30ppm, about 0.05ppm - about 35ppm, about 0.05ppm - about 40ppm, about 0. 0.05 ppm to about 45 ppm, about 0.05 ppm to about 50 ppm, about 0.1 ppm to about 1 ppm, about 0.1 ppm to about 5 ppm, about 0.1 ppm to about 10 ppm, about 0.1 ppm to about 15 ppm, about 0.1 ppm to about 20 ppm, about 0.1 ppm to about 25 ppm, about 0.1 ppm to about 30 ppm, about 0.1 ppm to about 35 ppm, about 0.1 ppm to about 40 ppm, about 0.1 ppm to about 45 ppm, about 0.1 ppm to about 50 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 1 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 5 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 10 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 15 ppm, about 0.5ppm to about 20ppm, about 0.5ppm to about 25ppm, about 0.5ppm to about 30ppm, about 0.5ppm to about 35ppm, about 0.5ppm to about 40ppm, about 0.5ppm to about 45ppm, about 0.5ppm to about 50ppm, about 0.5ppm to about 55ppm , about 0.5ppm to about 60ppm, about 0.5ppm to about 65ppm, about 0.5ppm to about 70ppm, about 0.5ppm to about 75ppm, about 0.5ppm to about 80ppm, about 0.5ppm to about 85ppm, about 0.5ppm to about 90ppm, about 0.5ppm to about 95ppm, about 0.5ppm~approx. 100ppm, approx. 0.75ppm~approx. 20ppm, approx. 0.75ppm~approx. 25ppm, approx. 0.75ppm~approx. 30ppm, approx. 0.75ppm~approx. 35ppm, approx. 0.75ppm~approx. 40ppm, approx. 0.75ppm~approx. 45ppm, approx. 0.75ppm~approx. 50ppm, approx. 0.75ppm~approx. 55ppm, approx. 0.75ppm~approx. 60ppm, approx. 0.75ppm~approx. 65ppm, approx. 0.75ppm~approx. 70ppm, approx. 0.75ppm~approx. 75ppm, approx. 0.75ppm~approx. 80ppm, approx. 0.75ppm~approx. 85ppm, approx. 0.75ppm~approx. 90ppm, approx. 0.75ppm~approx. 95ppm, approx. 0.75 ppm to about 100 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 10 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 15 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 20 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 25 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 30 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 35 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 40 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 45 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 50 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 55 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 60 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 65 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 70 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 75ppm, about 1ppm to about 80ppm, about 1ppm to about 85ppm, about 1ppm to about 90ppm, about 1ppm to about 95ppm, about 1ppm to about 100ppm, about 5ppm to about 10ppm, about 5ppm to about 15p pm, about 5ppm to about 20ppm, about 5ppm to about 25ppm, about 5ppm to about 30ppm, about 5ppm to about 35ppm, about 5ppm to about 40ppm, about 5ppm to about 45ppm, about 5ppm to about 50ppm, about 5 ppm to about 55 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 60 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 65 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 70 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 75 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 80 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 85 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 90 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 95 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 100 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 20 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 25 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 30 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 35 ppm, about 10 ppm The hypochlorous acid solution contains hypochlorous acid in an amount of about 10 ppm to about 40 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 45 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 50 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 55 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 60 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 65 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 70 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 75 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 80 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 85 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 90 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 95 ppm, or about 10 ppm to about 100 ppm.

[0055] In other aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein may have a CI concentration of, for example, about 1 ppm to about 25 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 50 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 75 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 100 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 125 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 150 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 175 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 200 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 225 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 250 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 275 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 300 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 325 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 350 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 375 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 40 0 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 25 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 50 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 75 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 100 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 125 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 150 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 175 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 200 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 225 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 250 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 275 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 300 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 325 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 350 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 375 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 400 ppm, about 25 ppm to about 50ppm, about 25ppm to about 75ppm, about 25ppm to about 100ppm, about 25ppm to about 125ppm, about 25ppm to about 150ppm, about 25ppm to about 175ppm, about 25ppm to about 200ppm, about 25ppm to about 225ppm, about 25ppm to about 250ppm , about 25ppm to about 275ppm, about 25ppm to about 300ppm, about 25ppm to about 325ppm, about 25ppm to about 350ppm, about 25ppm to about 375ppm, about 25ppm to about 400ppm, about 50ppm to about 75ppm, about 50ppm to about 100ppm, about 50ppm m ~ about 125ppm, about 50ppm - about 150ppm, about 50ppm - about 175ppm, about 50ppm - about 200ppm, about 50ppm - about 225ppm, about 50ppm - about 250ppm, about 50ppm - about 275ppm, about 50ppm - about 300ppm, about 50ppm - about 32 5ppm, about 50ppm to about 350ppm, about 50ppm to about 375ppm, about 50ppm to about 400ppm, about 75ppm to about 100ppm, about 75ppm to about 125ppm, about 75ppm to about 150ppm, about 75ppm to about 175ppm, about 75ppm to about 200ppm,Approximately 75ppm to approximately 225ppm, approximately 75ppm to approximately 250ppm, approximately 75ppm to approximately 275ppm, approximately 75ppm to approximately 300ppm, approximately 75ppm to approximately 325ppm, approximately 75ppm to approximately 350ppm, approximately 75ppm to approximately 375p pm, about 75ppm to about 400ppm, about 100ppm to about 125ppm, about 100ppm to about 150ppm, about 100ppm to about 175ppm, about 100ppm to about 200ppm, about 100ppm to about 225ppm, about 100p pm ~ about 250ppm, about 100ppm - about 275ppm, about 100ppm - about 300ppm, about 100ppm - about 325ppm, about 100ppm - about 350ppm, about 100ppm - about 375ppm, about 100ppm - about 400 ppm, about 150ppm to about 175ppm, about 150ppm to about 200ppm, about 150ppm to about 225ppm, about 150ppm to about 250ppm, about 150ppm to about 275ppm, about 150ppm to about 300ppm, about 15 0ppm to about 325ppm, about 150ppm to about 350ppm, about 150ppm to about 375ppm, about 150ppm to about 400ppm, about 200ppm to about 225ppm, about 200ppm to about 250ppm, about 200ppm to about 275ppm, about 200ppm to about 300ppm, about 200ppm to about 325ppm, about 200ppm to about 350ppm, about 200ppm to about 375ppm, about 200ppm to about 400ppm, about 250ppm to about 275ppm, It contains hypochlorous acid in an amount of about 250 ppm to about 300 ppm, about 250 ppm to about 325 ppm, about 250 ppm to about 350 ppm, about 250 ppm to about 375 ppm, about 250 ppm to about 400 ppm, about 300 ppm to about 325 ppm, about 300 ppm to about 350 ppm, about 300 ppm to about 375 ppm, about 300 ppm to about 400 ppm, about 350 ppm to about 375 ppm, about 350 ppm to about 400 ppm, or about 375 ppm to about 400 ppm.

[0056] In other aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein may have a CI concentration of, for example, about 400 ppm to about 500 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 600 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 700 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 800 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 900 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 1,000 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 1,100 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 1,200 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 1,300 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 1,400 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 1,500 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 1,600 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 1,800 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 1,900 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 2,000 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 2,100 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 2,200 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 2,300 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 2,400 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 2,500 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 2,600 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 2,700 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 2,800 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 2,900 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 3,000 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 3,100 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 3,200 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 3,300 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 3,400 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 3,500 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 3,600 ppm, about 4 Approximately 1,700ppm, approximately 400ppm to approximately 1,800ppm, approximately 400ppm to approximately 1,900ppm, approximately 400ppm to approximately 2,000ppm, approximately 500ppm to approximately 600ppm, approximately 500ppm to approximately 700ppm, approximately 500ppm to approximately 800ppm, approximately 500ppm to approximately 90 0ppm, approx. 500ppm ~ approx. 1,000ppm, approx. 500ppm ~ approx. 1,100ppm, approx. 500ppm ~ approx. 1,200ppm, approx. 500ppm ~ approx. 1,300ppm, approx. 600ppm, approximately 500ppm to approximately 1,700ppm, approximately 500ppm to approximately 1,800ppm, approximately 500ppm to approximately 1,900ppm, approximately 500ppm to approximately 2,000ppm, approximately 600ppm to approximately 700ppm, approximately 600ppm to approximately 800ppm, approximately 600ppm to approximately 900 ppm, about 600ppm to about 1,000ppm, about 600ppm to about 1,100ppm, about 600ppm to about 1,200ppm, about 600ppm to about 1,300ppm, about 600ppm to about 1,400ppm, about 600ppm to about 1,500ppm, about 600ppm to about 1,6 00ppm, about 600ppm to about 1,700ppm, about 600ppm to about 1,800ppm, about 600ppm to about 1,900ppm, about 600ppm to about 2,000ppm, about 700ppm to about 800ppm, about 700ppm to about 900ppm, about 700ppm to about 1,00 0ppm, about 700ppm to about 1,100ppm, about 700ppm to about 1,200ppm, about 700ppm to about 1,300ppm, about 700ppm to about 1,400ppm, about 700ppm to about 1,500ppm, about 700ppm to about 1,600ppm, about 700ppm to about 1,700ppm, approximately 700ppm to approximately 1,800ppm, approximately 700ppm to approximately 1,900ppm, approximately 700ppm to approximately 2,000ppm, approximately 800ppm to approximately 900ppm, approximately 800ppm to approximately 1,000ppm, approximately 800ppm to approximately 1,100ppm, approximately 800ppm to approximately 1,200ppm, approximately 800ppm to approximately 1,300ppm, approximately 800ppm to approximately 1,400ppm, approximately 800ppm to approximately 1,500ppm, approximately 800ppm to approximately 1,600ppm, approximately 800ppm to approximately 1,700ppm, approximately 800ppm to approximately 1,800ppm, approximately 800ppm to approximately 1 900ppm, approximately 800ppm to approximately 2,000ppm, approximately 900ppm to approximately 1,000ppm, approximately 900ppm to approximately 1,100ppm, approximately 900ppm to approximately 1,200ppm, approximately 900ppm to approximately 1,300ppm, approximately 900ppm to approximately 1,400ppm, approximately 900ppm to approximately 1,500ppm, approximately 900ppm to approximately 1,600ppm, approximately 900ppm to approximately 1,700ppm, approximately 900ppm to approximately 1,800ppm, approximately 900ppm to approximately 1,900ppm, approximately 900ppm to approximately 2,000ppm, approximately 1,000ppm to approximately 1,100ppm, approximately 1,000ppm 0 ppm to approximately 1,200 ppm, approximately 1,000 ppm to approximately 1,300 ppm, approximately 1,000 ppm to approximately 1,400 ppm, approximately 1,000 ppm to approximately 1,500 ppm, approximately 1,000 ppm to approximately 1,600 ppm, approximately 1,000 ppm to approximately 1,700 ppm, approximately 1,000 ppm to approximately 1,800 ppm, approximately 1,000 ppm to approximately 1,900 ppm, approximately 1,000 ppm to approximately 2,000 ppm, approximately 1,100 ppm to approximately 1,200 ppm, approximately 1,100 ppm to approximately 1,300 ppm, approximately 1,100 ppm to approximately 1,400 ppm, approximately 1,100 ppm to approximately 1,500 ppm 0.00ppm, approximately 1,100ppm to approximately 1,600ppm, approximately 1,100ppm to approximately 1,700ppm, approximately 1,100ppm to approximately 1,800ppm, approximately 1,100ppm to approximately 1,900ppm, approximately 1,100ppm to approximately 2,000ppm, approximately 1,200ppm to approximately 1,300ppm, approximately 1,200ppm to approximately 1,400ppm, approximately 1,200ppm to approximately 1,500ppm, approximately 1,200ppm to approximately 1,600ppm, approximately 1,200ppm to approximately 1,700ppm, approximately 1,200ppm to approximately 1,800ppm, approximately 1,200ppm to approximately 1,900ppm, approximately 1,200ppm to approx. 2,000ppm, approx. 1,300ppm to approx. 1,400ppm, approx. 1,300ppm to approx. 1,500ppm, approx. 1,300ppm to approx. 1,600 ppm, approx. 1,300ppm ~ approx. 1,700ppm, approx. 1,300ppm ~ approx. 1,800ppm, approx. 1,300ppm ~ approx. 1,900ppm, approx. 1,300ppm ~ Approximately 2,000 ppm, approximately 1,400 ppm to approximately 1,500 ppm, approximately 1,400 ppm to approximately 1,600 ppm, approximately 1,400 ppm to approximately 1,700 ppm, approximately 1,400 ppm to approximately 1,800 ppm, approximately 1,400 ppm to approximately 1,900 ppm, approximately 1,400 ppm to approximately 2,000 ppm, approximately 1,500 ppm to approximately 1,600 ppm m, about 1,500ppm to about 1,700ppm, about 1,500ppm to about 1,800ppm, about 1,500ppm to about 1,900ppm, about 1,500ppm to about 2 ,000ppm, about 1,600ppm to about 1,700ppm, about 1,600ppm to about 1,800ppm, about 1,600ppm to about 1,900ppm, about 1,600 The hypochlorous acid content is about 1,700 ppm to about 1,800 ppm, about 1,700 ppm to about 1,900 ppm, about 1,700 ppm to about 2,000 ppm, about 1,800 ppm to about 1,900 ppm, about 1,800 ppm to about 2,000 ppm, or about 1,900 ppm to about 2,000 ppm.

[0057] In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid in an amount of, for example, about 0.001%, about 0.005%, about 0.01%, about 0.05%, about 0.10%, about 0.11%, about 0.12%, about 0.13%, about 0.14%, about 0.15%, about 0.16%, about 0.17%, about 0.18%, about 0.19%, about 0.2%, about 0.25%, about 0.3%, about 0.35%, about 0.4%, about 0.45%, or about 0.5% by weight of the composition. In other aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid in an amount of, for example, at least 0.001%, at least 0.005%, at least 0.01%, at least 0.05%, at least 0.10%, at least 0.11%, at least 0.12%, at least 0.13%, at least 0.14%, at least 0.15%, at least 0.16%, at least 0.17%, at least 0.18%, at least 0.19%, at least 0.2%, at least 0.25%, at least 0.3%, at least 0.35%, at least 0.4%, at least 0.45%, or at least 0.5% by weight of the composition. In yet another aspect of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise hypochlorous acid in an amount, for example, by weight of the composition, of at most 0.001%, at most 0.005%, at most 0.01%, at most 0.05%, at most 0.10%, at most 0.11%, at most 0.12%, at most 0.13%, at most 0.14%, at most 0.15%, at most 0.16%, at most 0.17%, at most 0.18%, at most 0.19%, at most 0.2%, at most 0.25%, at most 0.3%, at most 0.35%, at most 0.4%, at most 0.45%, or at most 0.5%.In yet another aspect of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein may comprise, for example, from about 0.0010% to about 0.005%, from about 0.0010% to about 0.010%, from about 0.0010% to about 0.050%, from about 0.0010% to about 0.10%, from about 0.0010% to about 0.15%, from about 0.0010% to about 0.20%, from about 0.0010% to about 0.25%, from about 0.0010% to about 0.30%, from about 0.0010% to about 0.35% by weight, approximately 0.0010% by weight to approximately 0.40% by weight, approximately 0.0010% to approximately 0.45% by weight, approximately 0.0010% to approximately 0.50% by weight, approximately 0.010% to approximately 0.050% by weight, approximately 0.010% to approximately 0.10% by weight, approximately 0.010 weight% to about 0.15 weight%, about 0.010 weight% to about 0.20 weight%, about 0.010 weight% to about 0.25 weight%, about 0.010 weight% to about 0.30 weight%, about 0.010 weight% to about 0.35 weight%, about 0.010 weight% to about 0.40 Weight %, about 0.010 weight % to about 0.45 weight %, about 0.010 weight % to about 0.50 weight %, about 0.10 weight % to about 0.15 weight %, about 0.10 weight % to about 0.20 weight %, about 0.10 weight % to about 0.25 weight %, about 0.10 weight % to about 0. 30% by weight, approximately 0.10% to approximately 0.35% by weight, approximately 0.10% to approximately 0.40% by weight, approximately 0.10% to approximately 0.45% by weight, approximately 0.10% to approximately 0.50% by weight, approximately 0.20% to approximately 0.25% by weight, approximately 0.20% to approximately 0.3 The hypochlorous acid may be present in an amount of 0% by weight, about 0.20% to about 0.35% by weight, about 0.20% to about 0.40% by weight, about 0.20% to about 0.45% by weight, about 0.20% to about 0.50% by weight, about 0.30% to about 0.35% by weight, about 0.30% to about 0.40% by weight, about 0.30% to about 0.45% by weight, about 0.30% to about 0.50% by weight, about 0.40% to about 0.45% by weight, about 0.40% to about 0.50% by weight, or about 0.40% to about 0.50% by weight.

[0058] In one embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein do not include hypochlorous acid.

[0059] The concentration of hypochlorous acid in solution can be expressed as parts per million of free available chlorine. Hypochlorous acid is produced by the reaction of hypochlorite ions (OCl - ) and dissolved chlorine gas (Cl2). The degree of equilibrium is primarily determined by the salt concentration and pH of the solution. Temperature also affects the ratio of free chlorine components. Therefore, to understand the amount of chlorine present as hypochlorous acid, both the FAC and pH must be known. Generally, when the pH ranges from about 4.0 to about 5.6, about 100% of the available chlorine is present as HOCl. As the pH decreases below about 4, the amount of dissolved chlorine gas (Cl2) increases. Thus, at a pH of about 3, about 90% of the available chlorine is present as hypochlorous acid; at a pH of about 2, about 75% of the available chlorine is present as hypochlorous acid; at a pH of about 1.5, about 50% of the available chlorine is present as hypochlorous acid; and at a pH of about 1, about 25% of the available chlorine is present as hypochlorous acid. As the pH increases above about 5.6, the amount of hypochlorite ions (OCl) increases. - ) increases. Thus, at a pH of about 6.5, about 90% of the available chlorine is present as hypochlorous acid, at a pH of about 7, about 75% of the available chlorine is present as hypochlorous acid, at a pH of about 7.5, about 50% of the available chlorine is present as hypochlorous acid, but at a pH of about 8, about 25% of the available chlorine is present as hypochlorous acid.

[0060] Chlorine levels can be measured by methods known in the art, such as DPD colorimetry (Lamotte Company, Chestertown, Md.), UV spectrophotometry, or other known methods established by the Environmental Protection Agency. In the DPD colorimetry, the reaction of free chlorine with N,N-diethyl-p-phenylenediamine (DPD) produces a yellow color, the intensity of which is measured using a calibrated colorimeter that provides an output in parts per million. Further addition of potassium iodide turns the solution pink, providing the total chlorine value.

[0061] In embodiments, the compositions disclosed herein contain free effective chlorine in an amount that provides the compositions disclosed herein with the desired beneficial effects.For example, when a composition containing free effective chlorine is formulated to be used in an undiluted state, the amount of hypochlorous acid used is a microbiologically effective amount.A microbiologically effective amount of free effective chlorine is an amount that inhibits, inhibits, or otherwise prevents the growth of a microbial population without eradicating the microorganisms.In this embodiment, a microbiologically effective amount of free effective chlorine is an amount that inhibits, inhibits, or otherwise prevents the growth of a microbial population without eradicating the microorganisms to the extent that disinfection or sterilization is achieved.Alternatively, when a composition containing free effective chlorine is formulated to be used in a diluted manner, the amount of free effective chlorine used in such a concentrated formulation can be any amount that does not cause the precipitation of components in the compositions disclosed herein or otherwise produce unwanted effects that make the composition unusable.

[0062] In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein may be used in a range of concentrations, for example, 0.01 ppm, 0.05 ppm, 0.10 ppm, 0.15 ppm, 0.20 ppm, 0.25 ppm, 0.30 ppm, 0.35 ppm, 0.40 ppm, 0.45 ppm, 0.50 ppm, 0.55 ppm, 0.60 ppm, 0.65 ppm, 0.70 ppm, 0.75 ppm, 0.80 ppm, 0.85 ppm, 0.90 ppm, 0.95 ppm, 1 ppm, 5 ppm, 1 0ppm, 15ppm, 20ppm, 25ppm, 30ppm, 35ppm, 40ppm, 45ppm, 50ppm, 55ppm, 60ppm, 65ppm, 70ppm, 75ppm, 80ppm, 85ppm, 90ppm, 95ppm, 100ppm, 125ppm, 150ppm, 175ppm, 200ppm, 225ppm, 250ppm, 275ppm, 300ppm, 325ppm, 350ppm, 375ppm, 400ppm, 425p pm, 450ppm, 475ppm, 500ppm, 525ppm, 550ppm, 575ppm, 600ppm, 625ppm, 650ppm, 675ppm, 700ppm, 725ppm, 750ppm, 775ppm, 800ppm, 825ppm, 850ppm, 875ppm, 900ppm, 925ppm, 950ppm, 975ppm, 1,000ppm, 1,025ppm, 1,050ppm, 1075ppm, 1,100ppm, 1 ,125 ppm, 1,150 ppm, 1,175 ppm, 1,200 ppm, 1,225 ppm, 1,250 ppm, 1,275 ppm, 1,300 ppm, 1,325 ppm, 1,350 ppm, 1,375 ppm, 1,400 ppm, 1,425 ppm, 1,450 ppm, 1,475 ppm, 1,500 ppm, 1,600 ppm, 1,700 ppm, 1,800 ppm, 1,900 ppm, or 2,000 ppm of free available chlorine. In other aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein may contain at least 0.01 ppm, at least 0.05 ppm, at least 0.10 ppm, at least 0.20 ppm, at least 0.30 ppm, at least 0.40 ppm, at least 0.50 ppm, at least 0.60 ppm, at least 0.70 ppm, at least 0.80 ppm, at least 0.90 ppm, at least 1 ppm, at least 10 ppm, at least 20 ppm, at least 30 ppm, at least 40 ppm, at least 50 ppm, at least 60 ppm, at least 70 ppm, at least 80 ppm, at least 90 ppm, at least 100 ppm, at least 125 ppm, at least 150 ppm, at least 175 ppm, at least 200 ppm, at least 225 ppm, at least 250 ppm, at least 275 ppm, at least 300 ppm, at least 325 ppm, at least 350 ppm, at least 375 ppm, at least 400 ppm, at least 425 ppm, at least 450 ppm, at least 475 ppm, at least 500 ppm, at least 525 ppm, at least 550 ppm, at least 575 ppm, at least 600 ppm, at least 625 ppm, at least 650 ppm, at least 675 ppm, at least 700 ppm, at least 725 ppm, at least 750 ppm, at least 775 ppm, at least 800 ppm , at least 825 ppm, at least 850 ppm, at least 875 ppm, at least 900 ppm, at least 925 ppm, at least 950 ppm, at least 975 ppm, at least 1,000 ppm, at least 1,025 ppm, at least 1,050 ppm, at least 1075 ppm, at least 1,100 ppm, at least 1,125 ppm, at least 1,150 ppm, at least 1,175 ppm, at least 1,200 ppm, at least 1,225 ppm, at least 1, In yet another aspect of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein contain free available chlorine in an amount of at least 250 ppm, at least 1,275 ppm, at least 1,300 ppm, at least 1,325 ppm, at least 1,350 ppm, at least 1,375 ppm, at least 1,400 ppm, at least 1,425 ppm, at least 1,450 ppm, at least 1,475 ppm, at least 1,500 ppm, at least 1,600 ppm, at least 1,700 ppm, at least 1,800 ppm, at least 1,900 ppm, or at least 2,000 ppm. In yet another aspect of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein contain free available chlorine in an amount of at most 0.01 ppm, at most 0.05 ppm, at most 0.10 ppm, at most 0.20ppm, max 0.30ppm, max 0.40ppm, max 0.50ppm, max 0.60ppm, max 0.70ppm, max 0.80ppm, max 0.90ppm, max 1ppm, max 10ppm, max 20ppm, max 30ppm, max 40ppm, max 50ppm, max 60ppm, max 70ppm, max 80ppm, max 90ppm, max 100ppm, max 125ppm, max 150ppm, max 175ppm, max 200ppm, max 225ppm, max 250ppm, max 275ppm, max 300ppm, max 325ppm, max 350ppm, max 375ppm, max 400ppm, max 425ppm, max 450ppm, max 475ppm, max 500ppm, max 525ppm, max 550ppm, max 575ppm, max 600ppm, max 625ppm, max 650ppm, max 675ppm, max 700ppm, max 725ppm pm, max 750 ppm, max 775 ppm, max 800 ppm, max 825 ppm, max 850 ppm, max 875 ppm, max 900 ppm, max 925 ppm, max 950 ppm, max 975 ppm, max 1,000 ppm, max 1,025 ppm, max 1,050 ppm, max 1075 ppm, max 1,100 ppm, max 1,125 ppm, max 1,150 ppm, max 1,175 ppm, max 1,200 ppm, max 1 Contains free available chlorine in an amount of up to 1,225 ppm, up to 1,250 ppm, up to 1,275 ppm, up to 1,300 ppm, up to 1,325 ppm, up to 1,350 ppm, up to 1,375 ppm, up to 1,400 ppm, up to 1,425 ppm, up to 1,450 ppm, up to 1,475 ppm, up to 1,500 ppm, up to 1,600 ppm, up to 1,700 ppm, up to 1,800 ppm, up to 1,900 ppm, or up to 2,000 ppm.

[0063] In yet another aspect of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein may have a CI concentration of, for example, about 0.01 ppm to about 0.1 ppm, about 0.01 ppm to about 0.2 ppm, about 0.01 ppm to about 0.25 ppm, about 0.01 ppm to about 0.3 ppm, about 0.01 ppm to about 0.4 ppm, about 0.01 ppm to about 0.5 ppm, about 0.01 ppm to about 0.1 ppm, about 0.01 ppm to about 0.5 ppm, about 0.01 ppm to about 1 ppm, about 0.01 ppm to about 5 ppm, about 0.01 ppm to about 10 ppm, about 0.01 ppm to about 15 ppm, about 0.01 ppm to about 2 0ppm, approximately 0.01ppm to approximately 25ppm, approximately 0.01ppm to approximately 30ppm, approximately 0.01ppm to approximately 35ppm, approximately 0.01ppm to approximately 40ppm, approximately 0.01ppm to approximately 45ppm, approximately 0.01ppm to approximately 50ppm, approximately 0.05ppm to approximately 0.1ppm, approximately 0.05p pm ~ about 0.5ppm, about 0.05ppm - about 1ppm, about 0.05ppm - about 5ppm, about 0.05ppm - about 10ppm, about 0.05ppm - about 15ppm, about 0.05ppm - about 20ppm, about 0.05ppm - about 25ppm, about 0.05ppm - about 30ppm, about 0. 0.05 ppm to about 35 ppm, about 0.05 ppm to about 40 ppm, about 0.05 ppm to about 45 ppm, about 0.05 ppm to about 50 ppm, about 0.1 ppm to about 1 ppm, about 0.1 ppm to about 5 ppm, about 0.1 ppm to about 10 ppm, about 0.1 ppm to about 15 ppm, about 0.1 ppm to about 20 ppm, about 0.1 ppm to about 25 ppm, about 0.1 ppm to about 30 ppm, about 0.1 ppm to about 35 ppm, about 0.1 ppm to about 40 ppm, about 0.1 ppm to about 45 ppm, about 0.1 ppm to about 50 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 1 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 5 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 10 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 15 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 20 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 25 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 30 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 35 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 40 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 45 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 50 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 55 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 60 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 65 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 70 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 75 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 80 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 85 ppm, about 0.5ppm to approximately 90ppm, approximately 0.5ppm to approximately 95ppm, approximately 0.5ppm to approximately 100ppm, approximately 0.75ppm to approximately 20ppm, approximately 0.75ppm to approximately 25ppm, approximately 0.75ppm to approximately 30ppm, approximately 0.75ppm to approximately 35ppm, approximately 0.75ppm to approximately 40ppm, approximately 0.75ppm to approximately 45ppm, approximately 0.75ppm to approximately 50ppm, approximately 0.75ppm to approximately 55ppm, approximately 0.75ppm to approximately 60ppm, approximately 0.75ppm to approximately 65ppm, approximately 0.75ppm to approximately 70ppm, approximately 0.75ppm to approximately 75ppm, approximately 0.75ppm to approximately 80ppm, approximately 0.75ppm to approximately 85ppm, approximately 0.75ppm to approximately 90ppm, approximately 0.75ppm to approximately 95ppm, approximately 0.75 ppm to about 100 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 10 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 15 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 20 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 25 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 30 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 35 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 40 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 45 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 50 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 55 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 60 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 65 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 70 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 7 5 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 80 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 85 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 90 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 95 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 100 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 10 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 15 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 20 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 25 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 30 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 35 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 40 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 45 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 50 ppm, about 5 ppm pm ~ about 55ppm, about 5ppm - about 60ppm, about 5ppm - about 65ppm, about 5ppm - about 70ppm, about 5ppm - about 75ppm, about 5ppm - about 80ppm, about 5ppm - about 85ppm, about 5ppm - about 90ppm, about 5ppm to about 95ppm, about 5ppm to about 100ppm, about 10ppm to about 20ppm, about 10ppm to about 25ppm, about 10ppm to about 30ppm, about 10ppm to about 35ppm, about 10ppm to It contains free available chlorine in an amount of about 40 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 45 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 50 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 55 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 60 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 65 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 70 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 75 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 80 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 85 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 90 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 95 ppm, or about 10 ppm to about 100 ppm.

[0064] In other aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein may have a CI concentration of, for example, about 1 ppm to about 25 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 50 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 75 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 100 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 125 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 150 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 175 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 200 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 225 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 250 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 275 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 300 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 325 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 350 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 375 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 40 0 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 25 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 50 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 75 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 100 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 125 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 150 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 175 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 200 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 225 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 250 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 275 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 300 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 325 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 350 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 375 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 400 ppm, about 25 ppm to about 50ppm, about 25ppm to about 75ppm, about 25ppm to about 100ppm, about 25ppm to about 125ppm, about 25ppm to about 150ppm, about 25ppm to about 175ppm, about 25ppm to about 200ppm, about 25ppm to about 225ppm, about 25ppm to about 250ppm , about 25ppm to about 275ppm, about 25ppm to about 300ppm, about 25ppm to about 325ppm, about 25ppm to about 350ppm, about 25ppm to about 375ppm, about 25ppm to about 400ppm, about 50ppm to about 75ppm, about 50ppm to about 100ppm, about 50ppm m ~ about 125ppm, about 50ppm - about 150ppm, about 50ppm - about 175ppm, about 50ppm - about 200ppm, about 50ppm - about 225ppm, about 50ppm - about 250ppm, about 50ppm - about 275ppm, about 50ppm - about 300ppm, about 50ppm - about 32 5ppm, about 50ppm to about 350ppm, about 50ppm to about 375ppm, about 50ppm to about 400ppm, about 75ppm to about 100ppm, about 75ppm to about 125ppm, about 75ppm to about 150ppm, about 75ppm to about 175ppm, about 75ppm to about 200ppm,Approximately 75ppm to approximately 225ppm, approximately 75ppm to approximately 250ppm, approximately 75ppm to approximately 275ppm, approximately 75ppm to approximately 300ppm, approximately 75ppm to approximately 325ppm, approximately 75ppm to approximately 350ppm, approximately 75ppm to approximately 375p pm, about 75ppm to about 400ppm, about 100ppm to about 125ppm, about 100ppm to about 150ppm, about 100ppm to about 175ppm, about 100ppm to about 200ppm, about 100ppm to about 225ppm, about 100p pm ~ about 250ppm, about 100ppm - about 275ppm, about 100ppm - about 300ppm, about 100ppm - about 325ppm, about 100ppm - about 350ppm, about 100ppm - about 375ppm, about 100ppm - about 400 ppm, about 150ppm to about 175ppm, about 150ppm to about 200ppm, about 150ppm to about 225ppm, about 150ppm to about 250ppm, about 150ppm to about 275ppm, about 150ppm to about 300ppm, about 15 0ppm to about 325ppm, about 150ppm to about 350ppm, about 150ppm to about 375ppm, about 150ppm to about 400ppm, about 200ppm to about 225ppm, about 200ppm to about 250ppm, about 200ppm to about 2 75ppm, approximately 200ppm to approximately 300ppm, approximately 200ppm to approximately 325ppm, approximately 200ppm to approximately 350ppm, approximately 200ppm to approximately 375ppm, approximately 200ppm to approximately 400ppm, approximately 250ppm to approximately 275ppm, approximately It contains free available chlorine in an amount of 250 ppm to about 300 ppm, about 250 ppm to about 325 ppm, about 250 ppm to about 350 ppm, about 250 ppm to about 375 ppm, about 250 ppm to about 400 ppm, about 300 ppm to about 325 ppm, about 300 ppm to about 350 ppm, about 300 ppm to about 375 ppm, about 300 ppm to about 400 ppm, about 350 ppm to about 375 ppm, about 350 ppm to about 400 ppm, or about 375 ppm to about 400 ppm.

[0065] In other aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein may have a CI concentration of, for example, about 400 ppm to about 500 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 600 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 700 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 800 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 900 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 1,000 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 1,100 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 1,200 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 1,300 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 1,400 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 1,500 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 1,600 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 1,800 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 1,900 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 2,000 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 2,100 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 2,200 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 2,300 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 2,400 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 2,500 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 2,600 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 2,700 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 2,800 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 2,900 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 3,000 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 3,100 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 3,200 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 3,300 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 3,400 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 3,500 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 3,600 ppm, about 4 Approximately 1,700ppm, approximately 400ppm to approximately 1,800ppm, approximately 400ppm to approximately 1,900ppm, approximately 400ppm to approximately 2,000ppm, approximately 500ppm to approximately 600ppm, approximately 500ppm to approximately 700ppm, approximately 500ppm to approximately 800ppm, approximately 500ppm to approximately 90 0ppm, approx. 500ppm ~ approx. 1,000ppm, approx. 500ppm ~ approx. 1,100ppm, approx. 500ppm ~ approx. 1,200ppm, approx. 500ppm ~ approx. 1,300ppm, approx. 600ppm, approximately 500ppm to approximately 1,700ppm, approximately 500ppm to approximately 1,800ppm, approximately 500ppm to approximately 1,900ppm, approximately 500ppm to approximately 2,000ppm, approximately 600ppm to approximately 700ppm, approximately 600ppm to approximately 800ppm, approximately 600ppm to approximately 900 ppm, about 600ppm to about 1,000ppm, about 600ppm to about 1,100ppm, about 600ppm to about 1,200ppm, about 600ppm to about 1,300ppm, about 600ppm to about 1,400ppm, about 600ppm to about 1,500ppm, about 600ppm to about 1,6 00ppm, about 600ppm to about 1,700ppm, about 600ppm to about 1,800ppm, about 600ppm to about 1,900ppm, about 600ppm to about 2,000ppm, about 700ppm to about 800ppm, about 700ppm to about 900ppm, about 700ppm to about 1,00 0ppm, about 700ppm to about 1,100ppm, about 700ppm to about 1,200ppm, about 700ppm to about 1,300ppm, about 700ppm to about 1,400ppm, about 700ppm to about 1,500ppm, about 700ppm to about 1,600ppm, about 700ppm to about 1,700ppm, approximately 700ppm to approximately 1,800ppm, approximately 700ppm to approximately 1,900ppm, approximately 700ppm to approximately 2,000ppm, approximately 800ppm to approximately 900ppm, approximately 800ppm to approximately 1,000ppm, approximately 800ppm to approximately 1,100ppm, approximately 800ppm to approximately 1,200ppm, approximately 800ppm to approximately 1,300ppm, approximately 800ppm to approximately 1,400ppm, approximately 800ppm to approximately 1,500ppm, approximately 800ppm to approximately 1,600ppm, approximately 800ppm to approximately 1,700ppm, approximately 800ppm to approximately 1,800ppm, approximately 800ppm to approximately 1 900ppm, approximately 800ppm to approximately 2,000ppm, approximately 900ppm to approximately 1,000ppm, approximately 900ppm to approximately 1,100ppm, approximately 900ppm to approximately 1,200ppm, approximately 900ppm to approximately 1,300ppm, approximately 900ppm to approximately 1,400ppm, approximately 900ppm to approximately 1,500ppm, approximately 900ppm to approximately 1,600ppm, approximately 900ppm to approximately 1,700ppm, approximately 900ppm to approximately 1,800ppm, approximately 900ppm to approximately 1,900ppm, approximately 900ppm to approximately 2,000ppm, approximately 1,000ppm to approximately 1,100ppm, approximately 1,000ppm 0 ppm to approximately 1,200 ppm, approximately 1,000 ppm to approximately 1,300 ppm, approximately 1,000 ppm to approximately 1,400 ppm, approximately 1,000 ppm to approximately 1,500 ppm, approximately 1,000 ppm to approximately 1,600 ppm, approximately 1,000 ppm to approximately 1,700 ppm, approximately 1,000 ppm to approximately 1,800 ppm, approximately 1,000 ppm to approximately 1,900 ppm, approximately 1,000 ppm to approximately 2,000 ppm, approximately 1,100 ppm to approximately 1,200 ppm, approximately 1,100 ppm to approximately 1,300 ppm, approximately 1,100 ppm to approximately 1,400 ppm, approximately 1,100 ppm to approximately 1,500 ppm 0.00ppm, approximately 1,100ppm to approximately 1,600ppm, approximately 1,100ppm to approximately 1,700ppm, approximately 1,100ppm to approximately 1,800ppm, approximately 1,100ppm to approximately 1,900ppm, approximately 1,100ppm to approximately 2,000ppm, approximately 1,200ppm to approximately 1,300ppm, approximately 1,200ppm to approximately 1,400ppm, approximately 1,200ppm to approximately 1,500ppm, approximately 1,200ppm to approximately 1,600ppm, approximately 1,200ppm to approximately 1,700ppm, approximately 1,200ppm to approximately 1,800ppm, approximately 1,200ppm to approximately 1,900ppm, approximately 1,200ppm to approx. 2,000ppm, approx. 1,300ppm to approx. 1,400ppm, approx. 1,300ppm to approx. 1,500ppm, approx. 1,300ppm to approx. 1,600p pm, about 1,300ppm to about 1,700ppm, about 1,300ppm to about 1,800ppm, about 1,300ppm to about 1,900ppm, about 1,300ppm to about 2,000 ppm, approximately 1,400 ppm to approximately 1,500 ppm, approximately 1,400 ppm to approximately 1,600 ppm, approximately 1,400 ppm to approximately 1,700 ppm, approximately 1,400 ppm to approximately 1,800 ppm, approximately 1,400 ppm to approximately 1,900 ppm, approximately 1,400 ppm to approximately 2,000 ppm, approximately 1,500 ppm to approximately 1,600 ppm , about 1,500ppm to about 1,700ppm, about 1,500ppm to about 1,800ppm, about 1,500ppm to about 1,900ppm, about 1,500ppm to about 2, 000ppm, about 1,600ppm to about 1,700ppm, about 1,600ppm to about 1,800ppm, about 1,600ppm to about 1,900ppm, about 1,600p The free available chlorine content is about 1,700 ppm to about 2,000 ppm, about 1,700 ppm to about 1,800 ppm, about 1,700 ppm to about 1,900 ppm, about 1,700 ppm to about 2,000 ppm, about 1,800 ppm to about 1,900 ppm, about 1,800 ppm to about 2,000 ppm, or about 1,900 ppm to about 2,000 ppm.

[0066] In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise free available chlorine in an amount of, for example, about 0.001%, about 0.005%, about 0.01%, about 0.05%, about 0.001%, about 0.01%, about 0.10%, about 0.11%, about 0.12%, about 0.13%, about 0.14%, about 0.15%, about 0.16%, about 0.17%, about 0.18%, about 0.19%, about 0.2%, about 0.25%, about 0.3%, about 0.35%, about 0.4%, about 0.45%, or about 0.5% by weight of the composition. In other aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise free available chlorine in an amount, e.g., at least 0.001%, at least 0.005%, at least 0.01%, at least 0.05%, at least 0.10%, at least 0.11%, at least 0.12%, at least 0.13%, at least 0.14%, at least 0.15%, at least 0.16%, at least 0.17%, at least 0.18%, at least 0.19%, at least 0.2%, at least 0.25%, at least 0.3%, at least 0.35%, at least 0.4%, at least 0.45%, or at least 0.5% by weight of the composition. In still other aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise free available chlorine in an amount, e.g., at most 0.001%, at most 0.005%, at most 0.01%, at most 0.05%, at most 0.10%, at most 0.11%, at most 0.12%, at most 0.13%, at most 0.14%, at most 0.15%, at most 0.16%, at most 0.17%, at most 0.18%, at most 0.19%, at most 0.2%, at most 0.25%, at most 0.3%, at most 0.35%, at most 0.4%, at most 0.45%, or at most 0.5% by weight of the composition.In yet another aspect of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein may comprise, for example, from about 0.0010% to about 0.005%, from about 0.0010% to about 0.010%, from about 0.0010% to about 0.050%, from about 0.0010% to about 0.10%, from about 0.0010% to about 0.15%, from about 0.0010% to about 0.20%, from about 0.0010% to about 0.25%, from about 0.0010% to about 0.30%, from about 0.0010% to about 0. .35% by weight, about 0.0010% to about 0.40% by weight, about 0.0010% to about 0.45% by weight, about 0.0010% to about 0.50% by weight, about 0.010% to about 0.050% by weight, about 0.010% to about 0.10% by weight, about 0 .010% to approximately 0.15% by weight, approximately 0.010% to approximately 0.20% by weight, approximately 0.010% to approximately 0.25% by weight, approximately 0.010% to approximately 0.30% by weight, approximately 0.010% to approximately 0.35% by weight, approximately 0.010% to approximately 0.40% by weight Amount%, about 0.010 wt% to about 0.45 wt%, about 0.010 wt% to about 0.50 wt%, about 0.10 wt% to about 0.15 wt%, about 0.10 wt% to about 0.20 wt%, about 0.10 wt% to about 0.25 wt%, about 0.10 wt% to about 0.3 0% by weight, about 0.10% to about 0.35% by weight, about 0.10% to about 0.40% by weight, about 0.10% to about 0.45% by weight, about 0.10% to about 0.50% by weight, about 0.20% to about 0.25% by weight, about 0.20% to about 0.30 %, about 0.20 wt% to about 0.35 wt%, about 0.20 wt% to about 0.40 wt%, about 0.20 wt% to about 0.45 wt%, about 0.20 wt% to about 0.50 wt%, about 0.30 wt% to about 0.35 wt%, about 0.30 wt% to about 0.40 wt%, about 0.30 wt% to about 0.45 wt%, about 0.30 wt% to about 0.50 wt%, about 0.40 wt% to about 0.45 wt%, about 0.40 wt% to about 0.50 wt%, or about 0.40 wt% to about 0.50 wt%.

[0067] In one embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein do not contain free available chlorine.

[0068] In one embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein are ozone-free. In another embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein may include ozone.

[0069] In one embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein do not include hydrogen peroxide. In another embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein may include hydrogen peroxide.

[0070] The compositions disclosed herein may contain quaternary compounds. Non-limiting examples of quaternary compounds include dialkyl quaternary compounds and polyether aliphatic quaternary compounds. Examples of dialkyl quaternary compounds include didodecyldimethylammonium chloride and di-n-alkyldimethylammonium chloride. Quaternary compounds include silicon quaternary compounds. Non-limiting examples of silicon quaternary compounds include silicon dialkyl quaternary compounds and silicon polyether aliphatic quaternary compounds. Examples of silicon dialkyl quaternary compounds include, but are not limited to, dimethyloctadecyl[3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl]ammonium chloride (DTSACl) and tetradecyldimethyl-(3-trimethoxysilyl)propylammonium chloride (TTSACl). Other exemplary quaternary compounds include, but are not limited to, quaternary ammonium salts, such as, for example, quaternium-15 and quaternium-18, and cetylpyridinium salts, such as, for example, cetylpyridinium chloride or cetylpyridinium bromide, and polycationic polymers, such as polyquaterniums, such as polyquaterniums 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, and 47. Other non-limiting examples of quaternary compounds include compounds of the formula NR4 + where R is an alkyl or aryl group.

[0071] In one embodiment, a single quaternary compound or silicon quaternary compound is present in the compositions disclosed herein.In another embodiment, a plurality of quaternary compounds or silicon quaternary compounds are present in the compositions disclosed herein.In this aspect of the embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise, for example, one or more quaternary compounds or silicon quaternary compounds, two or more quaternary compounds or silicon quaternary compounds, three or more quaternary compounds or silicon quaternary compounds, four or more quaternary compounds or silicon quaternary compounds, or five or more quaternary compounds or silicon quaternary compounds.In another aspect of the embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise, for example, only one quaternary compound or silicon quaternary compound, up to two quaternary compounds or silicon quaternary compounds, up to three quaternary compounds or silicon quaternary compounds, up to four quaternary compounds or silicon quaternary compounds, or up to five quaternary compounds or silicon quaternary compounds. In yet other aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein include, for example, 1 to 2 quaternary compounds or silicon quaternary compounds, 1 to 3 quaternary compounds or silicon quaternary compounds, 1 to 4 quaternary compounds or silicon quaternary compounds, 1 to 5 quaternary compounds or silicon quaternary compounds, 2 to 3 quaternary compounds or silicon quaternary compounds, 2 to 4 quaternary compounds or silicon quaternary compounds, 2 to 5 quaternary compounds or silicon quaternary compounds, 3 to 4 quaternary compounds or silicon quaternary compounds, 3 to 5 quaternary compounds or silicon quaternary compounds, or 4 to 5 quaternary compounds or silicon quaternary compounds.

[0072] In embodiments, the compositions disclosed herein contain a quaternary compound or silicon quaternary compound in an amount that provides the desired beneficial effect to the compositions disclosed herein.For example, when a composition containing a quaternary compound or silicon quaternary compound is formulated to be used in an undiluted state, the amount of the quaternary compound or silicon quaternary compound used is a microbistatically effective amount.A microbistatically effective amount of a quaternary compound or silicon quaternary compound is an amount that suppresses, inhibits, or otherwise prevents the growth of a microbial population without eradicating the microorganisms.In an aspect of this embodiment, a microbistatically effective amount of a quaternary compound or silicon quaternary compound is an amount that suppresses, inhibits, or otherwise prevents the growth of a microbial population without eradicating the microorganisms to the extent that disinfection or sterilization is achieved.Alternatively, when a composition containing a quaternary compound or silicon quaternary compound is formulated to be used in a diluted manner, the amount of the quaternary compound or silicon quaternary compound used in such a concentrated formulation can be any amount that does not cause precipitation of components in the compositions disclosed herein or otherwise produce unwanted effects that make the composition unusable.

[0073] In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein may be present in a range of concentrations, e.g., 0.05 ppm, 0.10 ppm, 0.15 ppm, 0.20 ppm, 0.25 ppm, 0.30 ppm, 0.35 ppm, 0.40 ppm, 0.45 ppm, 0.50 ppm, 0.55 ppm, 0.60 ppm, 0.65 ppm, 0.70 ppm, 0.75 ppm, 0.80 ppm, 0.85 ppm, 0.90 ppm, 0.95 ppm, 1 ppm, 5 ppm, 10 ppm, 15 ppm, m, 20ppm, 25ppm, 30ppm, 35ppm, 40ppm, 45ppm, 50ppm, 55ppm, 60ppm, 65ppm, 70ppm, 75ppm, 80ppm, 85ppm, 90ppm, 95ppm, 100 ppm, 125ppm, 150ppm, 175ppm, 200ppm, 225ppm, 250ppm, 275ppm, 300ppm, 325ppm, 350ppm, 375ppm, 400ppm, 425ppm, 450ppm, 475ppm, 500ppm, 525ppm, 550ppm, 575ppm, 600ppm, 625ppm, 650ppm, 675ppm, 700ppm, 725ppm, 750ppm, 775ppm, 800ppm, 825 ppm, 850ppm, 875ppm, 900ppm, 925ppm, 950ppm, 975ppm, 1,000ppm, 1,025ppm, 1,050ppm, 1075ppm, 1,100ppm, 1,125ppm, 1,1 Contains quaternary compounds or silicon quaternary compounds in amounts of 50 ppm, 1,175 ppm, 1,200 ppm, 1,225 ppm, 1,250 ppm, 1,275 ppm, 1,300 ppm, 1,325 ppm, 1,350 ppm, 1,375 ppm, 1,400 ppm, 1,425 ppm, 1,450 ppm, 1,475 ppm, 1,500 ppm, 1,600 ppm, 1,700 ppm, 1,800 ppm, 1,900 ppm, or 2,000 ppm. In other aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein may contain at least 0.05 ppm, at least 0.10 ppm, at least 0.20 ppm, at least 0.30 ppm, at least 0.40 ppm, at least 0.50 ppm, at least 0.60 ppm, at least 0.70 ppm, at least 0.80 ppm, at least 0.90 ppm, at least 1 ppm, at least 10 ppm, at least 20 ppm, at least 30 ppm, at least 40 ppm, at least 50 ppm, at least 60 ppm, at least 70 ppm, at least 80 ppm, at least 90 ppm, at least 100 ppm, at least 125 ppm, at least 150 ppm, at least 175 ppm, at least 200 ppm, at least 225 ppm, at least 250 ppm, at least 275 ppm, at least 300 ppm, at least 325 ppm , at least 350 ppm, at least 375 ppm, at least 400 ppm, at least 425 ppm, at least 450 ppm, at least 475 ppm, at least 500 ppm, at least 525 ppm, at least 550 ppm, at least 575 ppm, at least 600 ppm, at least 625 ppm, at least 650 ppm, at least 675 ppm, at least 700 ppm, at least 725 ppm, at least 750 ppm, at least 775 ppm, at least 800 ppm, at least 825 ppm, at least 850 ppm, at least 875 ppm, at least 900 ppm, at least 925 ppm, at least 950 ppm, at least 975 ppm, at least 1,000 ppm, at least 1,025 ppm, at least 1,050 ppm, at least 1,075 ppm, at least 1,100 ppm, at least 1,125 ppm, at least 1,150 ppm, at least 1,175 ppm, at least 1,200 ppm, at least 1,225 ppm, at least 1,250 ppm, at least In yet another aspect of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein contain at least 1,275 ppm, at least 1,300 ppm, at least 1,325 ppm, at least 1,350 ppm, at least 1,375 ppm, at least 1,400 ppm, at least 1,425 ppm, at least 1,450 ppm, at least 1,475 ppm, at least 1,500 ppm, at least 1,600 ppm, at least 1,700 ppm, at least 1,800 ppm, at least 1,900 ppm, or at least 2,000 ppm of quaternary compounds or silicon quaternary compounds. ...20ppm, max 0.30ppm, max 0.40ppm, max 0.50ppm, max 0.60ppm, max 0.70ppm, max 0.80ppm, max 0.90ppm, max 1ppm, max 10ppm, max 20ppm, max 30ppm, max 40ppm, max 50ppm, max 60ppm, max 70ppm, max 80ppm, max 90ppm, max 100ppm, max 125ppm, max 150ppm, max 175ppm, max 20 0ppm, max 225ppm, max 250ppm, max 275ppm, max 300ppm, max 325ppm, max 350ppm, max 375ppm, max 400ppm, max 425ppm, max 450ppm, max 475ppm, max 500ppm, max 525ppm, max 550ppm, max 575ppm, max 600ppm, max 625ppm, max 650ppm, max 675ppm, max 700ppm, max 725ppm, max 750ppm, max 775ppm, max 800ppm, max 825ppm, max 850ppm, max 875ppm, max 900ppm, max 925ppm, max 950ppm, max 975ppm, max 1,000ppm, max 1,025ppm, max 1,050ppm, max 1075ppm, max 1,100ppm, max 1,125ppm, max 1,150ppm, max 1,175ppm, max 1,200ppm, max 1,225ppm, max Contains quaternary compounds or silicon quaternary compounds in an amount of up to 1,250 ppm, up to 1,275 ppm, up to 1,300 ppm, up to 1,325 ppm, up to 1,350 ppm, up to 1,375 ppm, up to 1,400 ppm, up to 1,425 ppm, up to 1,450 ppm, up to 1,475 ppm, up to 1,500 ppm, up to 1,600 ppm, up to 1,700 ppm, up to 1,800 ppm, up to 1,900 ppm, or up to 2,000 ppm.

[0074] In yet another aspect of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein may have a CI concentration of, for example, about 0.5 ppm to about 20 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 25 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 30 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 35 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 40 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 45 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 50 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 55 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 60 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 65 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 70 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 75 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 80 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 85 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 90 ppm, or about 0.5 ppm to about 95 ppm. , about 0.5ppm to about 100ppm, about 0.75ppm to about 20ppm, about 0.75ppm to about 25ppm, about 0.75ppm to about 30ppm, about 0.7 5ppm ~ approx. 35ppm, approx. 0.75ppm ~ approx. 40ppm, approx. 0.75ppm ~ approx. 45ppm, approx. 0.75ppm ~ approx. 50ppm, approx. 0.75ppm ~ Approximately 55ppm, approximately 0.75ppm to approximately 60ppm, approximately 0.75ppm to approximately 65ppm, approximately 0.75ppm to approximately 70ppm, approximately 0.75ppm to approximately 75pp m, about 0.75ppm to about 80ppm, about 0.75ppm to about 85ppm, about 0.75ppm to about 90ppm, about 0.75ppm to about 95ppm, about 0.It contains a quaternary compound or a silicon quaternary compound in an amount of 75 ppm to about 100 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 20 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 25 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 30 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 35 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 40 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 45 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 50 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 55 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 60 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 65 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 70 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 75 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 80 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 85 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 90 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 95 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 100 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 20 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 25 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 30 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 35 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 40 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 45 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 50 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 55 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 60 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 65 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 70 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 75 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 80 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 85 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 90 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 95 ppm, or about 5 ppm to about 100 ppm.

[0075] In other aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein may have a CI concentration of, for example, about 1 ppm to about 25 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 50 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 75 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 100 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 125 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 150 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 175 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 200 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 225 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 250 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 275 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 300 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 325 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 350 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 375 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 40 0 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 25 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 50 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 75 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 100 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 125 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 150 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 175 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 200 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 225 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 250 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 275 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 300 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 325 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 350 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 375 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 400 ppm, about 25 ppm to about 50ppm, about 25ppm to about 75ppm, about 25ppm to about 100ppm, about 25ppm to about 125ppm, about 25ppm to about 150ppm, about 25ppm to about 175ppm, about 25ppm to about 200ppm, about 25ppm to about 225ppm, about 25ppm to about 250ppm , about 25ppm to about 275ppm, about 25ppm to about 300ppm, about 25ppm to about 325ppm, about 25ppm to about 350ppm, about 25ppm to about 375ppm, about 25ppm to about 400ppm, about 50ppm to about 75ppm, about 50ppm to about 100ppm, about 50ppm m ~ about 125ppm, about 50ppm - about 150ppm, about 50ppm - about 175ppm, about 50ppm - about 200ppm, about 50ppm - about 225ppm, about 50ppm - about 250ppm, about 50ppm - about 275ppm, about 50ppm - about 300ppm, about 50ppm - about 32 5ppm, about 50ppm to about 350ppm, about 50ppm to about 375ppm, about 50ppm to about 400ppm, about 75ppm to about 100ppm, about 75ppm to about 125ppm, about 75ppm to about 150ppm, about 75ppm to about 175ppm, about 75ppm to about 200ppm,Contains a quaternary compound or a silicon quaternary compound in an amount of about 75 ppm to about 225 ppm, about 75 ppm to about 250 ppm, about 75 ppm to about 275 ppm, about 75 ppm to about 300 ppm, about 75 ppm to about 325 ppm, about 75 ppm to about 350 ppm, about 75 ppm to about 375 ppm, about 75 ppm to about 400 ppm, about 100 ppm to about 125 ppm, about 100 ppm to about 150 ppm, about 100 ppm to about 175 ppm, about 100 ppm to about 200 ppm, about 100 ppm to about 225 ppm, about 100 ppm to about 250 ppm, about 100 ppm to about 275 ppm, about 100 ppm to about 300 ppm, about 100 ppm to about 325 ppm, about 100 ppm to about 350 ppm, about 100 ppm to about 375 ppm, about 100 ppm to about 400 ppm, about 150 ppm to about 175 ppm, about 150 ppm to about 200 ppm, about 150 ppm to about 225 ppm, about 150 ppm to about 250 ppm, about 150 ppm to about 275 ppm, about 150 ppm to about 300 ppm, about 150 ppm to about 325 ppm, about 150 ppm to about 350 ppm, about 150 ppm to about 375 ppm, about 150 ppm to about 400 ppm, about 200 ppm to about 225 ppm, about 200 ppm to about 250 ppm, about 200 ppm to about 275 ppm, about 200 ppm to about 300 ppm, about 200 ppm to about 325 ppm, about 200 ppm to about 350 ppm, about 200 ppm to about 375 ppm, about 200 ppm to about 400 ppm, about 250 ppm to about 275 ppm, about 250 ppm to about 300 ppm, about 250 ppm to about 325 ppm, about 250 ppm to about 350 ppm, about 250 ppm to about 375 ppm, about 250 ppm to about 400 ppm, about 300 ppm to about 325 ppm, about 300 ppm to about 350 ppm, about 300 ppm to about 375 ppm, about 300 ppm to about 400 ppm, about 350 ppm to about 375 ppm, about 350 ppm to about 400 ppm, or about 375 ppm to about 400 ppm.,

[0076] In other aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein may have a CI concentration of, for example, about 400 ppm to about 500 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 600 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 700 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 800 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 900 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 1,000 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 1,100 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 1,200 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 1,300 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 1,400 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 1,500 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 1,600 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 1,800 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 1,900 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 2,000 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 2,100 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 2,200 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 2,300 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 2,400 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 2,500 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 2,600 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 2,700 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 2,800 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 2,900 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 3,000 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 3,100 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 3,200 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 3,300 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 3,400 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 3,500 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 3,600 ppm, about 4 Approximately 1,700ppm, approximately 400ppm to approximately 1,800ppm, approximately 400ppm to approximately 1,900ppm, approximately 400ppm to approximately 2,000ppm, approximately 500ppm to approximately 600ppm, approximately 500ppm to approximately 700ppm, approximately 500ppm to approximately 800ppm, approximately 500ppm to approximately 90 0ppm, approx. 500ppm ~ approx. 1,000ppm, approx. 500ppm ~ approx. 1,100ppm, approx. 500ppm ~ approx. 1,200ppm, approx. 500ppm ~ approx. 1,300ppm, approx. 600ppm, approximately 500ppm to approximately 1,700ppm, approximately 500ppm to approximately 1,800ppm, approximately 500ppm to approximately 1,900ppm, approximately 500ppm to approximately 2,000ppm, approximately 600ppm to approximately 700ppm, approximately 600ppm to approximately 800ppm, approximately 600ppm to approximately 900 ppm, about 600ppm to about 1,000ppm, about 600ppm to about 1,100ppm, about 600ppm to about 1,200ppm, about 600ppm to about 1,300ppm, about 600ppm to about 1,400ppm, about 600ppm to about 1,500ppm, about 600ppm to about 1,6 00ppm, about 600ppm to about 1,700ppm, about 600ppm to about 1,800ppm, about 600ppm to about 1,900ppm, about 600ppm to about 2,000ppm, about 700ppm to about 800ppm, about 700ppm to about 900ppm, about 700ppm to about 1,00 0ppm, about 700ppm to about 1,100ppm, about 700ppm to about 1,200ppm, about 700ppm to about 1,300ppm, about 700ppm to about 1,400ppm, about 700ppm to about 1,500ppm, about 700ppm to about 1,600ppm, about 700ppm to about 1,700ppm, approximately 700ppm to approximately 1,800ppm, approximately 700ppm to approximately 1,900ppm, approximately 700ppm to approximately 2,000ppm, approximately 800ppm to approximately 900ppm, approximately 800ppm to approximately 1,000ppm, approximately 800ppm to approximately 1,100ppm, approximately 800ppm to approximately 1,200ppm, approximately 800ppm to approximately 1,300ppm, approximately 800ppm to approximately 1,400ppm, approximately 800ppm to approximately 1,500ppm, approximately 800ppm to approximately 1,600ppm, approximately 800ppm to approximately 1,700ppm, approximately 800ppm to approximately 1,800ppm, approximately 800ppm to approximately 1 900ppm, approximately 800ppm to approximately 2,000ppm, approximately 900ppm to approximately 1,000ppm, approximately 900ppm to approximately 1,100ppm, approximately 900ppm to approximately 1,200ppm, approximately 900ppm to approximately 1,300ppm, approximately 900ppm to approximately 1,400ppm, approximately 900ppm to approximately 1,500ppm, approximately 900ppm to approximately 1,600ppm, approximately 900ppm to approximately 1,700ppm, approximately 900ppm to approximately 1,800ppm, approximately 900ppm to approximately 1,900ppm, approximately 900ppm to approximately 2,000ppm, approximately 1,000ppm to approximately 1,100ppm, approximately 1,000ppm 0 ppm to approximately 1,200 ppm, approximately 1,000 ppm to approximately 1,300 ppm, approximately 1,000 ppm to approximately 1,400 ppm, approximately 1,000 ppm to approximately 1,500 ppm, approximately 1,000 ppm to approximately 1,600 ppm, approximately 1,000 ppm to approximately 1,700 ppm, approximately 1,000 ppm to approximately 1,800 ppm, approximately 1,000 ppm to approximately 1,900 ppm, approximately 1,000 ppm to approximately 2,000 ppm, approximately 1,100 ppm to approximately 1,200 ppm, approximately 1,100 ppm to approximately 1,300 ppm, approximately 1,100 ppm to approximately 1,400 ppm, approximately 1,100 ppm to approximately 1,500 ppm 0.00ppm, approximately 1,100ppm to approximately 1,600ppm, approximately 1,100ppm to approximately 1,700ppm, approximately 1,100ppm to approximately 1,800ppm, approximately 1,100ppm to approximately 1,900ppm, approximately 1,100ppm to approximately 2,000ppm, approximately 1,200ppm to approximately 1,300ppm, approximately 1,200ppm to approximately 1,400ppm, approximately 1,200ppm to approximately 1,500ppm, approximately 1,200ppm to approximately 1,600ppm, approximately 1,200ppm to approximately 1,700ppm, approximately 1,200ppm to approximately 1,800ppm, approximately 1,200ppm to approximately 1,900ppm, approximately 1,200ppm to approx. 2,000ppm, approx. 1,300ppm to approx. 1,400ppm, approx. 1,300ppm to approx. 1,500ppm, approx. 1,300ppm to approx. 1,600ppm m, about 1,300ppm to about 1,700ppm, about 1,300ppm to about 1,800ppm, about 1,300ppm to about 1,900ppm, about 1,300ppm to about 2,0 00ppm, about 1,400ppm to about 1,500ppm, about 1,400ppm to about 1,600ppm, about 1,400ppm to about 1,700ppm, about 1,400ppm to about 1,800ppm, about 1,400ppm to about 1,900ppm, about 1,400ppm to about 2,000ppm, about 1,500ppm to about 1,600ppm, about 1,50 0 ppm to about 1,700 ppm, about 1,500 ppm to about 1,800 ppm, about 1,500 ppm to about 1,900 ppm, about 1,500 ppm to about 2,000 ppm, about 1,600 ppm to about 1,700 ppm, about 1,600 ppm to about 1,800 ppm, about 1,600 ppm to about 1,900 ppm, about 1,600 ppm to about 2,000 ppm, about 1,700 ppm to about 1,800 ppm, about 1,700 ppm to about 1,900 ppm, about 1,700 ppm to about 2,000 ppm, about 1,800 ppm to about 1,900 ppm, about 1,800 ppm to about 2,000 ppm, or about 1,900 ppm to about 2,000 ppm of a quaternary compound or a silicon quaternary compound.

[0077] In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise a quaternary compound or silicon quaternary compound in an amount of, for example, about 0.001%, about 0.005%, about 0.01%, about 0.05%, about 0.10%, about 0.11%, about 0.12%, about 0.13%, about 0.14%, about 0.15%, about 0.16%, about 0.17%, about 0.18%, about 0.19%, about 0.2%, about 0.25%, about 0.3%, about 0.35%, about 0.4%, about 0.45%, or about 0.5% by weight of the composition. In other aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise a quaternary compound or silicon quaternary compound in an amount, for example, at least 0.001%, at least 0.005%, at least 0.01%, at least 0.05%, at least 0.10%, at least 0.11%, at least 0.12%, at least 0.13%, at least 0.14%, at least 0.15%, at least 0.16%, at least 0.17%, at least 0.18%, at least 0.19%, at least 0.2%, at least 0.25%, at least 0.3%, at least 0.35%, at least 0.4%, at least 0.45%, or at least 0.5% by weight of the composition. In still other aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein include a quaternary compound or silicon quaternary compound in an amount, e.g., at most 0.001%, at most 0.005%, at most 0.01%, at most 0.05%, at most 0.10%, at most 0.11%, at most 0.12%, at most 0.13%, at most 0.14%, at most 0.15%, at most 0.16%, at most 0.17%, at most 0.18%, at most 0.19%, at most 0.2%, at most 0.25%, at most 0.3%, at most 0.35%, at most 0.4%, at most 0.45%, or at most 0.5% by weight of the composition.In yet another aspect of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein may comprise, for example, from about 0.0010% to about 0.005%, from about 0.0010% to about 0.010%, from about 0.0010% to about 0.050%, from about 0.0010% to about 0.10%, from about 0.0010% to about 0.15%, from about 0.0010% to about 0.20%, from about 0.0010% to about 0.25%, from about 0.0010% to about 0.30%, from about 0.0010% to about 0.35% by weight of the composition. Weight%, about 0.0010 weight% to about 0.40 weight%, about 0.0010 weight% to about 0.45 weight%, about 0.0010 weight% to about 0.50 weight%, about 0.010 weight% to about 0.050 weight%, about 0.010 weight% to about 0.10 weight%, about 0.010 weight% Amount%~about 0.15 weight%, about 0.010 weight%~about 0.20 weight%, about 0.010 weight%~about 0.25 weight%, about 0.010 weight%~about 0.30 weight%, about 0.010 weight%~about 0.35 weight%, about 0.010 weight%~about 0.40 weight%, about 0. 010% to approximately 0.45% by weight, approximately 0.010% to approximately 0.50% by weight, approximately 0.10% to approximately 0.15% by weight, approximately 0.10% to approximately 0.20% by weight, approximately 0.10% to approximately 0.25% by weight, approximately 0.10% to approximately 0.30% by weight, approximately 0. 10% to about 0.35% by weight, about 0.10% to about 0.40% by weight, about 0.10% to about 0.45% by weight, about 0.10% to about 0.50% by weight, about 0.20% to about 0.25% by weight, about 0.20% to about 0.30% by weight, about 0.20 % to about 0.35% by weight, about 0.20% to about 0.40% by weight, about 0.20% to about 0.45% by weight, about 0.20% to about 0.50% by weight, about 0.30% to about 0.35% by weight, about 0.30% to about 0.40% by weight, about 0.30% to about 0.45% by weight, about 0.30% to about 0.45% by weight, about 0.30% to about 0.50% by weight, about 0.40% to about 0.45% by weight, about 0.40% to about 0.50% by weight, or about 0.40% to about 0.50% by weight of the quaternary compound or silicon quaternary compound.

[0078] In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise the quaternary compound or silicon quaternary compound in an amount of, for example, about 1.0%, about 2.0%, about 3.0%, about 4.0%, about 5.0%, about 6.0%, about 7.0%, about 8.0%, about 9.0%, about 10%, about 11%, about 12%, about 13%, about 14%, or about 15% by weight of the composition. In other aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise a quaternary compound or silicon quaternary compound in an amount, for example, at least 1.0%, at least 2.0%, at least 3.0%, at least 4.0%, at least 5.0%, at least 6.0%, at least 7.0%, at least 8.0%, at least 9.0%, at least 10%, at least 11%, at least 12%, at least 13%, at least 14%, or at least 15% by weight of the composition. In still other aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise a quaternary compound or silicon quaternary compound in an amount, e.g., up to 1.0%, up to 2.0%, up to 3.0%, up to 4.0%, up to 5.0%, up to 6.0%, up to 7.0%, up to 8.0%, up to 9.0%, up to 10%, up to 11%, up to 12%, up to 13%, up to 14%, or up to 15% by weight of the composition. In yet other aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein may contain, for example, from about 1.0% to about 2.0% by weight of the composition, from about 1.0% to about 3.0% by weight, from about 1.0% to about 4.0% by weight, from about 1.0% to about 5.0% by weight, from about 1.0% to about 6.0% by weight, from about 1.0% to about 7.0% by weight, from about 1.0% to about 8.0% by weight, from about 1.0% to about 9.0% by weight, from about 1.0% to about 10% by weight, or .... 0% to about 11% by weight, about 1.0% to about 12% by weight, about 1.0% to about 13% by weight, about 1.0% to about 14% by weight, about 1.0% to about 15% by weight, about 2.0% to about 3.0% by weight, about 2.0% by weight Amount %~about 4.0 weight%, about 2.0 weight%~about 5.0 weight%, about 2.0 weight%~about 6.0 weight%, about 2.0 weight%~about 7.0 weight%, about 2.0 weight%~about 8.0 weight%, about 2.0 weight%~about 9.0 weight%, about 2.0% by weight to about 10% by weight, about 2.0% by weight to about 11% by weight, about 2.0% by weight to about 12% by weight, about 2.0% by weight to about 13% by weight, about 2.0% by weight to about 14% by weight, about 2.0% by weight to about 15% by weight, about 3.0% by weight to about 4.0% by weight, about 3.0% by weight to about 5.0% by weight, about 3.0% by weight to about 6.0% by weight, about 3.0% by weight to about 7.0% by weight, about 3.0% by weight to about 8.0% by weight, about 3.0% by weight to about 9.0% by weight, about 3.0% by weight to about 10% by weight, about 3.0% by weight to about 11% by weight, about 3.0% by weight to about 12% by weight, about 3.0% by weight to about 13% by weight, about 3.0% by weight %~approx. 14% by weight, approx. 3.0% by weight~approx. 15% by weight, approx. 4.0% by weight~approx. 5.0% by weight, approx. 4.0% by weight~approx. 6.0% by weight, approx. 4.0% by weight~approx. 7.0% by weight, approx. 4.0% by weight~approx. 8.0% by weight, approx. 4.0% by weight~approx. 9.0% by weight, approx. 4.0% by weight~approx. 10% by weight, approx. 4.0% by weight~approx. 11% by weight, approx. 4.0% by weight~approx. 12% by weight, approx. 4.0% by weight~approx. 13% by weight, approx. 4.0% by weight~approx. 14% by weight, approx. 4.0% by weight~approx. 15% by weight, approx. 5.0% by weight~approx. 6.0% by weight, approx. 5.0% by weight~approx. 7.0% by weight, approx. 5.0% by weight~approx. 8.0% by weight, approx. 5.0% by weight ~approx. 9.0 wt%, approx. 5.0 wt%~approx. 10 wt%, approx. 5.0 wt%~approx. 11 wt%, approx. 5.0 wt%~approx. 12 wt%, approx. 5.0 wt%~approx. 13 wt%, approx. 5.0 wt%~approx. 14 wt%, approx. 5.0 wt%~approx. 15 wt%, approx. 6.0 wt%~approx. 7.0 wt%, approx. 6.0 wt%~approx. 8.0 wt%, approx. 6.0 wt%~approx. 9.0 wt%, approx. 6.0 wt%~approx. 10 wt%, approx. 6.0 wt%~approx. 11 wt%, approx. 6.0 wt%~approx. 12 wt%, approx. 6.0 wt%~approx. 13 wt%, approx. 6.0 wt%~approx. 14 wt%, approx. 6.0 wt%~approx. 15 wt%, approx. 7.0 wt%~approx. 8.0 % by weight, approximately 7.0% to 9.0% by weight, approximately 7.0% to 10% by weight, approximately 7.0% to 11% by weight, approximately 7.0% to 12% by weight, approximately 7.0% to 13% by weight, approximately 7.0% to 14% by weight, approximately 7.0% to 15% by weight, approximately 8.0% to 9.0% by weight, approximately 8.0% to 10% by weight, approximately 8.0% to 11% by weight, approximately 8.0% to 12% by weight, approximately 8.0% to 13% by weight, approximately 8.0% to 14% by weight, approximately 8.0% to 15% by weight, approximately 9.0% to 10% by weight, approximately 9.0% to 11% by weight, approximately 9.0% by weight.The quaternary compound or silicon quaternary compound may be present in an amount of 0% to about 12% by weight, about 9.0% to about 13% by weight, about 9.0% to about 14% by weight, about 9.0% to about 15% by weight, about 10% to about 11% by weight, about 10% to about 12% by weight, about 10% to about 13% by weight, about 10% to about 14% by weight, about 10% to about 15% by weight, about 11% to about 12% by weight, about 11% to about 13% by weight, about 11% to about 14% by weight, about 11% to about 15% by weight, about 12% to about 13% by weight, about 12% to about 14% by weight, about 12% to about 15% by weight, about 13% to about 14% by weight, about 13% to about 15% by weight, or 14% to about 15% by weight.

[0079] In embodiments, the compositions disclosed herein do not contain quaternary compounds. In embodiments, the compositions disclosed herein do not contain silicon quaternary compounds. In embodiments, the compositions disclosed herein do not contain quaternary compounds or silicon quaternary compounds.

[0080] The compositions disclosed herein may include compounds containing guanide moieties and / or functional groups. Non-limiting examples of guanide-containing compounds include organic compounds containing biguanide, biguanidine, or triguanide functional groups. In one embodiment, the guanide-containing compounds disclosed herein are biguanides or biguanide-containing compounds. In aspects of this embodiment, the biguanide-containing compounds contain 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 biguanide functional groups. In aspects of this embodiment, the biguanide-containing compounds are represented by Formula II [ka] wherein R 5 and R 6 are each independently a bond, H, C, NH, NH 2 , C 1~10 Alkyl, C 1~10 Alkane, C 1~10Alkynes can be 5- or 6-carbon aromatic rings optionally substituted with halogens, where n is 1 to 5. Halogens are F, Br, Cl, I, and At. Non-limiting examples of biguanide-containing compounds include polyhexamethylene biguanide (PHMB), polyaminopropyl biguanide (PAPB), 1,1'-(1,6-hexanediyl)bis{2-[N'-(2-ethylhexyl)carbamimidoyl]guanidine} (alexidine), chlorhexidine, and chlorhexidine gluconate.

[0081] In one embodiment, the guanidine-containing compound disclosed herein is a biguanidine or biguanidine-containing compound. In aspects of this embodiment, the biguanidine-containing compound contains 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 biguanidine functional groups. In aspects of this embodiment, the biguanidine-containing compound is represented by Formula III [ka] wherein R 7 and R 8 are each independently a bond, H, C, NH, NH 2 , C 1~10 Alkyl, C 1~10 Alkane, C 1~10 Alkynes can be 5 or 6 carbon aromatic rings optionally substituted with halogens, where n is 1 to 5. Halogens are F, Br, Cl, I, and At.

[0082] In one embodiment, the guanide-containing compound disclosed herein is a triguanide or triguanide-containing compound. In aspects of this embodiment, the triguanide-containing compound contains 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 triguanide functional groups. In aspects of this embodiment, the triguanide-containing compound is represented by Formula IV [ka] wherein R 9 and R 10 are each independently a bond, H, C, NH, NH 2 , C 1~10 Alkyl, C1~10 Alkane, C 1~10 Alkynes can be 5 or 6 carbon aromatic rings optionally substituted with halogens, where n is 1 to 5. Halogens are F, Br, Cl, I, and At.

[0083] In one embodiment, a single guanide-containing compound is present in the compositions disclosed herein.In another embodiment, a plurality of guanide-containing compounds are present in the compositions disclosed herein.In an aspect of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise, for example, one or more guanide-containing compounds, two or more guanide-containing compounds, three or more guanide-containing compounds, four or more guanide-containing compounds, or five or more guanide-containing compounds.In another aspect of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise, for example, only one guanide-containing compound, up to two guanide-containing compounds, up to three guanide-containing compounds, up to four guanide-containing compounds, or up to five guanide-containing compounds. In yet other aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein include, for example, 1 to 2 guanide-containing compounds, 1 to 3 guanide-containing compounds, 1 to 4 guanide-containing compounds, 1 to 5 guanide-containing compounds, 2 to 3 guanide-containing compounds, 2 to 4 guanide-containing compounds, 2 to 5 guanide-containing compounds, 3 to 4 guanide-containing compounds, 3 to 5 guanide-containing compounds, or 4 to 5 guanide-containing compounds.

[0084] Any amount of the guanide-containing compound disclosed herein may be used, provided that it is an amount useful for carrying out the methods disclosed herein. For example, when a composition containing a guanide-containing compound is formulated to be used in an undiluted state, the amount of the guanide-containing compound used is a microbistatically effective amount. A microbistatically effective amount of a guanide-containing compound is an amount that inhibits, inhibits, or otherwise prevents the growth of a microbial population without eradicating the microorganisms. In aspects of this embodiment, a microbistatically effective amount of a guanide-containing compound is an amount that inhibits, inhibits, or otherwise prevents the growth of a microbial population without eradicating the microorganisms to the extent that disinfection or sterilization is achieved. Alternatively, when a composition containing a guanide-containing compound is formulated to be used in a diluted manner, the amount of the guanide-containing compound used in such a concentrated formulation may be any amount that does not cause precipitation of components in the compositions disclosed herein or otherwise produce undesirable effects that render the composition unusable.

[0085] In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein may contain, for example, about 0.01%, about 0.05%, about 0.075%, about 0.1%, about 0.2%, about 0.3%, about 0.4%, about 0.5%, about 0.6%, about 0.7%, about 0.8%, about 0.9%, about 1.0%, about 1.5%, about 2.0%, about 3.0%, about 4.0%, about 5.0%, about 6.0%, about 7.0%, about 8.0%, about 9.0%, about 10.0%, about 11.0%, about 12.0%, about 13.0%, about 14.0%, about 15.0%, about 16.0%, about 17.0%, about 18.0%, about 19.0%, about 20.0%, about 21.0%, about 22.0%, about 23.0%, about 24.0%, about 25.0%, about 26.0%, about 27.0%, about 28.0%, about 29.0%, about 30.0%, about 31.0%, about 32.0%, about 33.0%, about 34.0%, about 35.0%, about 36.0%, about 37.0%, about 38.0%, about 39.0%, about 40.0%, about 41.0%, about 42.0%, about 43.0%, about 44.0%, about 45.0%, about 46.0%, about 47.0%, about 48.0%, about 49.0%, about 50.0%, about 51.0%, about 52.0%, about 53.0%, about 54.0%, about 55.0%, about 56.0%, about 57.0%, about 58.0%, about 59.0%, about 60.0%, about %, about 2.5%, about 3.0%, about 4.0%, about 5.0%, about 6.0%, about 7.0%, about 7.5%, about 8.0%, about 9.0%, about 10.0%, about 11%, about 12%, about 13%, about 14%, about 15%, about 20%, about 25%, or about 30% by weight of the guanide-containing compound. In other aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise a guanide-containing compound in an amount, e.g., at least 0.01%, at least 0.05%, at least 0.075%, at least 0.1%, at least 0.25%, at least 0.5%, at least 0.75%, at least 1.0%, at least 1.5%, at least 2.0%, at least 2.5%, at least 3.0%, at least 4.0%, at least 5.0%, at least 6.0%, at least 7.0%, at least 7.5%, at least 8.0%, at least 9.0%, at least 10.0%, at least 11%, at least 12%, at least 13%, at least 14%, at least 15%, at least 20%, at least 25%, or at least 30% by weight of the composition.In still other aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise a guanide-containing compound in an amount, e.g., by weight of the composition, of up to 0.01%, by weight of the composition, up to 0.05%, by weight of the composition, up to 0.075%, by weight of the composition, up to 0.1%, by weight of the composition, up to 0.25%, by weight of the composition, up to 0.5%, by weight of the composition, up to 0.75%, by weight of the composition, up to 1.0%, by weight of the composition, up to 1.5%, by weight of the composition, up to 2.0%, by weight of the composition, up to 2.5%, by weight of the composition, up to 3.0%, by weight of the composition, up to 4.0%, by weight of the composition, up to 5.0%, by weight of the composition, up to 6.0%, by weight of the composition, up to 7.5%, by weight of the composition, up to 8.0%, by weight of the composition, up to 9.0%, by weight of the composition, up to 10.0%, by weight of the composition, up to 11%, by weight of the composition, up to 12%, by weight of the composition, up to 13%, by weight of the composition, up to 14%, by weight of the composition, up to 15%, by weight of the composition, up to 20%, by weight of the composition, up to 25%, by weight of the composition, up to 30%, by weight of the composition, up to 30%, by weight of the composition, up to 4.0%, by weight of the composition, up to 5.0%, by weight of the composition, up to 6.0%, by weight of the composition, up to 7.5%, by weight of the composition, up to 8.0%, by weight of the composition, up to 9.0%, by weight of the composition, up to 10.0%, by weight of the composition, up to 11%, by weight of the composition, up to 12%, by weight

[0086] In yet another aspect of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein may comprise, for example, about 0.1% to about 0.5%, about 0.1% to about 0.75%, about 0.1% to about 1.0%, about 0.1% to about 1.5%, about 0.1% to about 2.0%, about 0.1% to about 2.5%, about 0.1% to about 3.0%, about 0.1% to about 3.5%, about 0.1% to about 4.0%, about 0.1% to about 4.5%, about 0.1% to about 5.0%, about 0.2% to about 0.5%, about 0.2% to about 0.75% by weight of the composition. %, about 0.2% to about 1.0%, about 0.2% to about 1.5%, about 0.2% to about 2.0%, about 0.2% to about 2.5%, about 0.2% to about 3.0%, about 0.2% to about 3.5%, about 0.2% to about 4.0%, about 0.2% to about 4. 5% by weight, about 0.2% to about 5.0% by weight, about 0.5% to about 1.0% by weight, about 0.5% to about 1.5%, about 0.5% to about 2.0% by weight, about 0.5% to about 2.5% by weight, about 0.5% to about 3.0% by weight, about 0.5% to about 4.0% by weight, about 0.5% by weight About 5.0% by weight, about 0.5% by weight to about 6.0% by weight, about 0.5% to about 7.0% by weight, about 0.5% to about 8.0% by weight, about 0.5% to about 9.0% by weight, about 0.5% to about 10.0% by weight, about 1.0% to about 2.5% by weight, about 1.0% to about 3.0% by weight, about 1. 0% to about 4.0% by weight, about 1.0% to about 5.0% by weight, about 1.0% to about 6.0% by weight, about 1.0% to about 7.0% by weight, about 1.0% to about 7.5% by weight, about 1.0% to about 8.0% by weight, about 1.0% to about 9.0% by weight, about 1.0% to about 10.0% by weight , about 1.0 wt% to about 15.0 wt%, about 1.0 wt% to about 20.0 wt%, about 1.0 wt% to about 25.0 wt%, about 1.0 wt% to about 30.0 wt%, about 2.0 wt% to about 2.5 wt%, about 2.0 wt% to about 3.0 wt%, about 2.0 wt% to about 4.0 wt%, about 2.0 wt% About 5.0% by weight, about 2.0% by weight to about 6.0% by weight, about 2.0% to about 7.0% by weight, about 2.0% to about 7.5% by weight, about 2.0% to about 8.0% by weight, about 2.0% to about 9.0% by weight, about 2.0% to about 10.0% by weight, about 2.0% to about 15.0% by weight, about 2.0% to about 20.0% by weight, about 2.0% to about 25.0% by weight, about 2.0% to about 30.0% by weight, about 5.0% to about 6.0% by weight, about 5.0% to about 7.0% by weight, about 5.0% to about 7.5% by weight, about 5.0% to about 8.0% by weight, about 5.0% by weight ~9.0% by weight, approximately 5.0% by weight ~ approximately 10.0% by weight, approximately 5.0% by weight ~ approximately 11.0% by weight, approximately 5.0% by weight ~ approximately 12.0% by weight, approximately 5.0% by weight ~ approximately 13.0% by weight, approximately 5.0% by weight ~ approximately 14.0% by weight, approximately 5.0% by weight ~ approximately 15.0% by weight, approximately 5.0% by weight ~ approximately The guanide-containing compound may be present in an amount of about 20.0 wt%, about 5.0 wt% to about 25.0 wt%, about 5.0 wt% to about 30.0 wt%, about 10.0 wt% to about 15.0 wt%, about 10.0 wt% to about 20.0 wt%, about 10.0 wt% to about 25.0 wt%, about 10.0 wt% to about 30.0 wt%, about 15.0 wt% to about 20.0 wt%, about 15.0 wt% to about 25.0 wt%, about 15.0 wt% to about 30.0 wt%, about 20.0 wt% to about 25.0 wt%, about 20.0 wt% to about 30.0 wt%, or about 20.0 wt% to about 30.0 wt%.

[0087] In another embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein are free of guanide-containing compounds. In another embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein are free of biguanides. In another embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein are free of biguanide-containing compounds. In another embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein are free of biguanidines. In another embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein are free of biguanidine-containing compounds. In another embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein are free of triguanides. In another embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein are free of triguanide-containing compounds.

[0088] The compositions disclosed herein may include alcohols. Alcohols are organic molecules that contain a hydroxyl functional group (—OH) attached to a carbon atom, and the carbon atom is saturated. In aspects of this embodiment, the alcohol may be, for example, C 2~4 Alcohol, C 1~4 Alcohol, C 1~5 Alcohol, C 1~7Alcohol, C 1~10 Alcohol, C 1~15 Alcohol, or C 1~20 The alcohol may be, for example, an alcohol. In other aspects of this embodiment, the alcohol may be, for example, a primary alcohol, a secondary alcohol, or a tertiary alcohol. In other aspects of this embodiment, the alcohol may be, for example, an acyclic alcohol, a monohydric alcohol, a polyhydric alcohol (also known as a polyol or sugar alcohol), an unsaturated aliphatic alcohol, an alicyclic alcohol, or a combination thereof. Examples of monohydric alcohols include, but are not limited to, methanol, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, butanol, pentanol, and 1-hexadecanol. Examples of polyhydric alcohols include, but are not limited to, glycol, glycerol, arabitol, erythritol, xylitol, maltitol, sorbitol (gluctiol), mannitol, inositol, lactitol, galactitol (iditol), and isomalt. Examples of unsaturated aliphatic alcohols include, but are not limited to, prop-2-en-1-ol, 3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-ol, and prop-2-yn-1-ol. Examples of alicyclic alcohols include, but are not limited to, cyclohexane-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexaol, and 2-(2-propyl)-5-methyl-cyclohexane-1-ol.

[0089] In one embodiment, a single alcohol is present in the compositions disclosed herein. In another embodiment, multiple alcohols are present in the compositions disclosed herein. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein include, for example, one or more alcohols, two or more alcohols, three or more alcohols, four or more alcohols, or five or more alcohols. In other aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein include, for example, only one alcohol, up to two alcohols, up to three alcohols, up to four alcohols, or up to five alcohols. In yet other aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein include, for example, one to two alcohols, one to three alcohols, one to four alcohols, one to five alcohols, two to three alcohols, two to four alcohols, two to five alcohols, three to four alcohols, three to five alcohols, or four to five alcohols.

[0090] In aspects of this embodiment, the plurality of alcohols present in the compositions disclosed herein may be, for example, about 99% of the first alcohol and about 1% of the second alcohol, about 98% of the first alcohol and about 2% of the second alcohol, about 97% of the first alcohol and about 3% of the second alcohol, about 96% of the first alcohol and about 4% of the second alcohol, about 95% of the first alcohol and about 5% of the second alcohol, about 90% of the first alcohol and about 10% of the second alcohol, about 80% of the first alcohol and about 20% of the second alcohol, or the like. The alcohol may comprise about 70% of the first alcohol and about 30% of the second alcohol, about 60% of the first alcohol and about 40% of the second alcohol, about 50% of the first alcohol and about 50% of the second alcohol, about 40% of the first alcohol and about 60% of the second alcohol, about 30% of the first alcohol and about 70% of the second alcohol, about 20% of the first alcohol and about 80% of the second alcohol, about 10% of the first alcohol and about 90% of the second alcohol, or about 5% of the first alcohol and about 95% of the second alcohol. In other aspects of this embodiment, the ratio of the first alcohol to the second alcohol can be, for example, 100:1, 90:1, 80:1, 70:1, 60:1, 50:1, 40:1, 30:1, 20:1, 19:1, 18:1, 17:1, 16:1, 15:1, 14:1, 13:1, 12:1, 11:1, 10:1, 9:1, 8:1, 7:1, 6:1, 5:1, 6:1, 7:1, 8:1, 9:1, 10:1, 11:1, 12:1, 13:1, 14:1, 15:1, 16:1, 17:1, 18:1, 19:1, 20:1, 21:1, 22:1, 23:1, 24:1, 25:1, 26:1, 27:1, 28:1, 29:1, 30:1, 31:1, 32:1, 33:1, 34:1, 35:1, 36:1, 37:1, 38:1, 39:1, 40:1, 41:1, 42:1, 43:1, 44:1, 45:1, 46:1, 47:1, 48:1, 49:1, 50:1, 51:1, 52:1, 53:1, 54:1, 55:1, 56:1, 57:1, 58:1, 59:1, 60:1, 61:1, 62:1, 63:1, 64: In other embodiments, the first alcohol is isopropanol and the second alcohol is ethanol.

[0091] Any amount of the alcohol disclosed herein may be used, provided that it is an amount useful for carrying out the methods disclosed herein. For example, when a composition containing alcohol is formulated to be used in an undiluted state, the amount of alcohol used is a microbistatically effective amount. A microbistatically effective amount of alcohol is an amount that inhibits, inhibits, or otherwise prevents the growth of a microbial population without eradicating the microorganisms. In aspects of this embodiment, a microbistatically effective amount of alcohol is an amount that inhibits, inhibits, or otherwise prevents the growth of a microbial population without eradicating the microorganisms to the extent that disinfection or sterilization is achieved. Alternatively, when a composition containing alcohol is formulated to be used in a manner that involves diluting the composition, the amount of alcohol used in such a concentrated formulation may be any amount that does not cause precipitation of components in the composition disclosed herein or otherwise produce undesirable effects that render the composition unusable.

[0092] In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise alcohol in an amount of, for example, about 0.5%, about 1%, about 2%, about 3%, about 4%, about 5%, about 6%, about 7%, about 8%, about 9%, about 10%, about 11%, about 12%, about 13%, about 14%, about 15%, about 20%, about 25%, about 30%, about 35%, about 40%, about 45%, about 50%, about 55%, about 60%, about 65%, about 70%, about 75%, about 80%, about 85%, about 90%, about 95%, about 96%, about 97%, about 98%, or about 99% by weight of the composition. In other aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise alcohol in an amount, for example, at least 0.5%, at least 1%, at least 2%, at least 3%, at least 4%, at least 5%, at least 6%, at least 7%, at least 8%, at least 9%, at least 10%, at least 11%, at least 12%, at least 13%, at least 14%, at least 15%, at least 20%, at least 25%, at least 30%, at least 35%, at least 40%, at least 45%, at least 50%, at least 55%, at least 60%, at least 65%, at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99% by weight of the composition.In still other aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein may contain, for example, up to 0.5%, up to 1%, up to 2%, up to 3%, up to 4%, up to 5%, up to 6%, up to 7%, up to 8%, up to 9%, up to 10%, up to 11%, up to 12%, up to 13%, up to 14%, up to 15%, up to 20% by weight of the composition. , containing alcohol in an amount of up to 25% by weight, up to 30% by weight, up to 35% by weight, up to 40% by weight, up to 45% by weight, up to 50% by weight, up to 55% by weight, up to 60% by weight, up to 65% by weight, up to 70% by weight, up to 75% by weight, up to 80% by weight, up to 85% by weight, up to 90% by weight, up to 95% by weight, up to 96% by weight, up to 97% by weight, up to 98% by weight, or up to 99% by weight.

[0093] In yet another aspect of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein may comprise, for example, from about 0.05% to about 0.75% by weight of the composition, from about 0.05% to about 1.0% by weight, from about 0.05% to about 1.5% by weight, from about 0.05% to about 2.0% by weight, from about 0.05% to about 2.5% by weight, from about 0.1% to about 0.5% by weight, from about 0.1% to about 0.75% by weight, from about 0.1% to about 1.0% by weight, from about 0.1% to about 1.5% by weight, from about 0.1% to about 2.0% by weight, from about 0.1% to about 2.5% by weight, from about 0.1% to about 3.0% by weight, from about 0.1% to about 4.0% by weight, about 0.1% to about 5.0% by weight, about 0.2% to about 0.5% by weight, about 0.2% to about 0.75% by weight, about 0.2% to about 1.0% by weight, about 0.2% to about 1.5% by weight, about 0.2% to about 2.0% by weight, about 0.2% to about 2.5% by weight, about 0.2% by weight Amount %~about 3.0 weight%, about 0.2 weight%~about 4.0 weight%, about 0.2 weight%~about 5.0 weight%, about 0.5 weight%~about 1.0 weight%, about 0.5 weight%~about 1.5 weight%, about 0.5 weight%~about 2.0 weight%, about 0.5 weight%~about 2.5 weight%, about 0.5 weight%~about 3.0 weight%, about 0 .5% to about 4.0% by weight, about 0.5% to about 5.0% by weight, about 0.5% to about 6.0% by weight, about 0.5% to about 7.0% by weight, about 0.5% to about 8.0% by weight, about 0.5% to about 9.0% by weight, about 0.5% to about 10.0% by weight, about 1.0% to about 2.5% by weight %, about 1.0% to about 3.0%, about 1.0% to about 4.0%, about 1.0% to about 5.0%, about 1.0% to about 6.0%, about 1.0% to about 7.0%, about 1.0% to about 7.5%, about 1.0% to about 8.0%, about 1.0% to about 9. 0% by weight, about 1.0% to about 10.0% by weight, about 2.0% to about 2.5% by weight, about 2.0% to about 3.0% by weight, about 2.0% to about 4.0% by weight, about 2.0% to about 5.0% by weight, about 2.0% to about 6.0% by weight, about 2.0% to about 7.0% by weight, about 2.0% by weight ~7.5% by weight, approximately 2.0% by weight ~ approximately 8.0% by weight, approximately 2.0% by weight ~ approximately 9.0% by weight, approximately 2.0% by weight ~ approximately 10.0% by weight, approximately 5.0% by weight ~ approximately 6.0% by weight, approximately 5.0% by weight ~ approximately 7.0% by weight, approximately 5.0% by weight ~ approximately 7.5% by weight, approximately 5.0% by weight ~ approximately 8.0% by weight, approximately 5.0% by weight to about 9.0% by weight, about 5.0% by weight to about 10.0% by weight, about 5.0% by weight to about 11.0% by weight, about 5.0% by weight to about 12.0% by weight, about 5.0% by weight to about 13.0% by weight, about 5.0% by weight to about 14.0% by weight, or about 5.0% by weight to about 15.0% by weight, or about 10% to about 20% by weight, about 10% to about 30% by weight, about 10% to about 40% by weight, about 10% to about 50% by weight, about 10% to about 60% by weight, about 10% to about 70% by weight, about 10% to about 80% by weight, about 10% to about 90% by weight, about 10% to about 95% by weight, about 10% to about 97% by weight, about 10% to about 99% by weight, about 20% to about 30% by weight, about 20% to about 40% by weight, about 20% to about 50% by weight, about 20% to about 60% by weight, about 20% to about 60% by weight, about 20% to about 70% by weight, about 10% to about 80% by weight, about 10% to about 90% by weight, about 10% to about 95% by weight, about 10% to about 97% by weight, about 10% to about 99% by weight, about 20% to about 30% by weight, about 20% to about 40% by weight, about 20% to about 50% by weight, about 20% to about 60% by weight, about 20% to about 70% by weight, about 20% to about 80% by weight, about 10% to about 90% by weight, about 10% to about 95% by weight, about 10% to about 97% by weight, about 10% to about 99% by weight Amount %~about 70 weight%, about 20 weight%~about 80 weight%, about 20 weight%~about 90 weight%, about 20 weight%~about 95 weight%, about 20 weight%~about 97 weight%, about 20 weight%~about 99 weight%, about 30 weight%~about 40 weight%, about 30 weight%~about 50 weight%, about 30 weight% % to about 60% by weight, about 30% to about 70% by weight, about 30% to about 80% by weight, about 30% to about 90% by weight, about 30% to about 95% by weight, about 30% to about 97% by weight, about 30% to about 99% by weight, about 40% to about 50% by weight, about 40% by weight ~60% by weight, approximately 40% by weight ~ approximately 70% by weight, approximately 40% by weight ~ approximately 80% by weight, approximately 40% by weight ~ approximately 90% by weight, approximately 40% by weight ~ approximately 95% by weight, approximately 40% by weight ~ approximately 97% by weight, approximately 40% by weight ~ approximately 99% by weight, approximately 50% by weight ~ approximately 60% by weight, approximately 50% by weight~ About 70% by weight, about 50% to about 80% by weight, about 50% to about 90% by weight, about 50% to about 95% by weight, about 50% to about 97% by weight, about 50% to about 99% by weight, about 60% to about 70% by weight, about 60% to about 80% by weight, about 60% to about The alcohol may be present in an amount of about 90% by weight, about 60% to about 95% by weight, about 60% to about 97% by weight, about 60% to about 99% by weight, about 70% to about 80% by weight, about 70% to about 90% by weight, about 70% to about 95% by weight, about 70% to about 97% by weight, about 70% to about 99% by weight, about 80% to about 90% by weight, about 80% to about 95% by weight, about 80% to about 97% by weight, about 80% to about 99% by weight, about 90% to about 95% by weight, about 90% to about 97% by weight, or about 90% to about 99% by weight.

[0094] In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise a plurality of alcohols in a total amount, for example, about 10%, about 15%, about 20%, about 25%, about 30%, about 35%, about 40%, about 45%, about 50%, about 55%, about 60%, about 65%, about 70%, about 75%, about 80%, about 85%, about 90%, about 95%, about 96%, about 97%, about 98%, or about 99% by weight of the composition. In other aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise a plurality of alcohols in a combined amount, e.g., at least 10%, at least 15%, at least 20%, at least 25%, at least 30%, at least 35%, at least 40%, at least 45%, at least 50%, at least 55%, at least 60%, at least 65%, at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99% by weight of the composition. In still other aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein include a plurality of alcohols in a combined amount, e.g., up to 10%, up to 15%, up to 20%, up to 25%, up to 30%, up to 35%, up to 40%, up to 40%, up to 45%, up to 50%, up to 55%, up to 60%, up to 65%, up to 70%, up to 75%, up to 80%, up to 85%, up to 90%, up to 95%, up to 96%, up to 97%, up to 98%, or up to 99% by weight of the composition.In yet another aspect of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein may comprise, for example, about 10% to about 20% by weight, about 10% to about 30% by weight, about 10% to about 40% by weight, about 10% to about 50% by weight, about 10% to about 60% by weight, about 10% to about 70% by weight, about 10% to about 80% by weight, about 10% to about 90% by weight, about 10% to about 95% by weight, about 10% to about 97% by weight, about 10% to about 99% by weight, about 20% to about 30% by weight, about 20% to about 40% by weight, about 20% to about 50% by weight of the composition. Amount%, about 20% to about 60% by weight, about 20% to about 70% by weight, about 20% to about 80% by weight, about 20% to about 90% by weight, about 20% to about 95% by weight, about 20% to about 97% by weight, about 20% to about 99% by weight, about 30% to about 40% by weight, about 3 0% to about 50% by weight, about 30% to about 60% by weight, about 30% to about 70% by weight, about 30% to about 80% by weight, about 30% to about 90% by weight, about 30% to about 95% by weight, about 30% to about 97% by weight, about 30% to about 99% by weight, about 40% to about 40% by weight 50% by weight, about 40% to about 60% by weight, about 40% to about 70% by weight, about 40% to about 80% by weight, about 40% to about 90% by weight, about 40% to about 95% by weight, about 40% to about 97% by weight, about 40% to about 99% by weight, about 50% to about 60% by weight , about 50% to about 70% by weight, about 50% to about 80% by weight, about 50% to about 90% by weight, about 50% to about 95% by weight, about 50% to about 97% by weight, about 50% to about 99% by weight, about 60% to about 70% by weight, about 60% to about 80% by weight, about 60% by weight % to about 90% by weight, about 60% to about 95% by weight, about 60% to about 97% by weight, about 60% to about 99% by weight, about 70% to about 80% by weight, about 70% to about 90% by weight, about 70% to about 95% by weight, about 70% to about 97% by weight, about 70% to about 99% by weight, about 80% to about 90% by weight, about 80% to about 95% by weight, about 80% to about 97% by weight, about 80% to about 99% by weight, about 90% to about 95% by weight, about 90% to about 97% by weight, or about 90% to about 99% by weight.

[0095] In another embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein are alcohol-free.

[0096] The compositions disclosed herein may include metal particles. The metal particles may be composed of a single element, such as copper, iron, silver, titanium, or zinc, or may be mixed metal particles composed of various combinations of different elements, such as various combinations of two or more of the following: copper, iron, silver, titanium, or zinc. Non-limiting examples of metal particles include copper particles, iron particles, potassium particles, silver particles, titanium particles, and zinc particles. Other non-limiting examples of metal particles include metal acetate particles, metal chloride particles, metal nitrate particles, or metal oxide particles. Metal acetate particles include, but are not limited to, copper acetate, iron acetate, such as iron(II) acetate and iron(III) acetate, silver acetate, titanium acetate, zinc acetate, or any combination thereof. Metal nitrate particles include, but are not limited to, copper nitrate, iron nitrate, such as iron(II) nitrate and iron(III) nitrate, silver nitrate, titanium nitrate, zinc nitrate, or any combination thereof. Metal chloride particles include, but are not limited to, copper chloride, iron chloride such as iron(II) chloride or iron(III) chloride, silver chloride, titanium chloride, zinc chloride, or any combination thereof. Metal oxide particles include, but are not limited to, copper oxide particles, iron oxide particles such as iron(II) oxide particles, iron(III) oxide particles, silver oxide particles, titanium dioxide particles, zinc oxide particles, copper zinc iron oxide particles, or any combination thereof.

[0097] Metal particles include nanoparticles and microparticles. Nanoparticles have an average diameter of about 1 nm to about 1,000 nm. Microparticles have an average diameter of about 1 μm to about 1,000 μm.

[0098] In embodiments, the compositions disclosed herein include metal particles in an amount that provides the compositions disclosed herein with the desired beneficial effects. For example, when a composition containing metal particles is formulated to be used in an undiluted state, the amount of metal particles used is a microbistatically effective amount. A microbistatically effective amount of metal particles is an amount that inhibits, inhibits, or otherwise prevents the growth of a microbial population without eradicating the microorganisms. In aspects of this embodiment, a microbistatically effective amount of metal particles is an amount that inhibits, inhibits, or otherwise prevents the growth of a microbial population without eradicating the microorganisms to the extent that disinfection or sterilization is achieved. Alternatively, when a composition containing metal particles is formulated to be used in a manner that results in the composition being diluted, the amount of metal particles used in such a concentrated formulation can be any amount that does not cause precipitation of components in the compositions disclosed herein or otherwise produce undesirable effects that render the composition unusable.

[0099] In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein may be used in a range of concentrations, e.g., 0.05 ppm, 0.10 ppm, 0.15 ppm, 0.20 ppm, 0.25 ppm, 0.30 ppm, 0.35 ppm, 0.40 ppm, 0.45 ppm, 0.50 ppm, 0.55 ppm, 0.60 ppm, 0.65 ppm, 0.70 ppm, 0.75 ppm, 0.80 ppm, 0.85 ppm, 0.90 ppm, 0.95 ppm, 1 ppm, 5 ppm, 10 ppm, 15ppm, 20ppm, 25ppm, 30ppm, 35ppm, 40ppm, 45ppm, 50ppm, 55ppm, 60ppm, 65ppm, 70ppm, 75ppm, 80ppm, 85ppm, 90ppm, 95pp m, 100ppm, 125ppm, 150ppm, 175ppm, 200ppm, 225ppm, 250ppm, 275ppm, 300ppm, 325ppm, 350ppm, 375ppm, 400ppm, 425ppm, 450ppm, 475ppm, 500ppm, 525ppm, 550ppm, 575ppm, 600ppm, 625ppm, 650ppm, 675ppm, 700ppm, 725ppm, 750ppm, 775ppm, 80 0ppm, 825ppm, 850ppm, 875ppm, 900ppm, 925ppm, 950ppm, 975ppm, 1,000ppm, 1,025ppm, 1,050ppm, 1075ppm, 1,100ppm, 1, Contains metal particles in amounts of 125 ppm, 1,150 ppm, 1,175 ppm, 1,200 ppm, 1,225 ppm, 1,250 ppm, 1,275 ppm, 1,300 ppm, 1,325 ppm, 1,350 ppm, 1,375 ppm, 1,400 ppm, 1,425 ppm, 1,450 ppm, 1,475 ppm, 1,500 ppm, 1,600 ppm, 1,700 ppm, 1,800 ppm, 1,900 ppm, or 2,000 ppm. In other aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein may contain at least 0.05 ppm, at least 0.10 ppm, at least 0.20 ppm, at least 0.30 ppm, at least 0.40 ppm, at least 0.50 ppm, at least 0.60 ppm, at least 0.70 ppm, at least 0.80 ppm, at least 0.90 ppm, at least 1 ppm, at least 10 ppm, at least 20 ppm, at least 30 ppm, at least 40 ppm, at least 50 ppm, at least 60 ppm, at least 70 ppm, at least 80 ppm, at least 90 ppm, at least 100 ppm, at least 125 ppm, at least 150 ppm, at least 175 ppm, at least 200 ppm, at least 225 ppm, at least 250 ppm, at least 275 ppm, at least 300 ppm, at least 32 5 ppm, at least 350 ppm, at least 375 ppm, at least 400 ppm, at least 425 ppm, at least 450 ppm, at least 475 ppm, at least 500 ppm, at least 525 ppm, at least 550 ppm, at least 575 ppm, at least 600 ppm, at least 625 ppm, at least 650 ppm, at least 675 ppm, at least 700 ppm, at least 725 ppm, at least 750 ppm, at least 775 ppm, at least 800 ppm m, at least 825 ppm, at least 850 ppm, at least 875 ppm, at least 900 ppm, at least 925 ppm, at least 950 ppm, at least 975 ppm, at least 1,000 ppm, at least 1,025 ppm, at least 1,050 ppm, at least 1075 ppm, at least 1,100 ppm, at least 1,125 ppm, at least 1,150 ppm, at least 1,175 ppm, at least 1,200 ppm, at least 1,225 ppm, at least 1 In yet another aspect of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise metal particles in an amount of, for example, at most 0.05 ppm, at most 0.10 ppm, at most 0.20 ppm, at most 0.30 ppm, at most 0.40 ppm, at least 1.50 ppm, at least 1.60 ppm, at least 1.70 ppm, at least 1.80 ppm, at least 1.900 ppm, or at least 2.000 ppm. In yet another aspect of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise metal particles in an amount of, for example, at most 0.05 ppm, at most 0.10 ppm, at most 0.20 ppm, at most 0.30 ppm, at most 0.40 ppm, at most 0.50 ppm, at most 0.60 ppm, at most 0.70 ppm, at most 0.80 ppm, at most 0.90 ppm, at most 100 ppm, at most 110 ppm, at most 120 ppm, at most 130 ppm, at least 140 ppm, at least 150 ppm, at least 160 ppm, at least 170 ppm, at least 180 ppm, at least 1900 ppm, or at least 2000 ppm.30ppm, max 0.40ppm, max 0.50ppm, max 0.60ppm, max 0.70ppm, max 0.80ppm, max 0.90ppm, max 1ppm, max 10ppm, max 20ppm, max 30ppm, max 40ppm, max 50ppm, max 60ppm, max 70ppm, max 80ppm, max 90ppm, max 100ppm, max 125ppm, max 150ppm, max 175ppm, max 200ppm, Maximum 225ppm, Maximum 250ppm, Maximum 275ppm, Maximum 300ppm, Maximum 325ppm, Maximum 350ppm, Maximum 375ppm, Maximum 400ppm, Maximum 425ppm, Maximum 450ppm, Maximum 475ppm, Maximum 500ppm, Maximum 525ppm, Maximum 550ppm, Maximum 575ppm, Maximum 600ppm, Maximum 625ppm, Maximum 650ppm, Maximum 675ppm, Maximum 700ppm, Maximum 725ppm, Maximum 750ppm, max 775ppm, max 800ppm, max 825ppm, max 850ppm, max 875ppm, max 900ppm, max 925ppm, max 950ppm, max 975ppm, max 1,000ppm, max 1,025ppm, max 1,050ppm, max 1075ppm, max 1,100ppm, max 1,125ppm, max 1,150ppm, max 1,175ppm, max 1,200ppm, max 1, Contains metal particles in amounts of 225 ppm, up to 1,250 ppm, up to 1,275 ppm, up to 1,300 ppm, up to 1,325 ppm, up to 1,350 ppm, up to 1,375 ppm, up to 1,400 ppm, up to 1,425 ppm, up to 1,450 ppm, up to 1,475 ppm, up to 1,500 ppm, up to 1,600 ppm, up to 1,700 ppm, up to 1,800 ppm, up to 1,900 ppm, or up to 2,000 ppm.

[0100] In yet another aspect of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein may have a CI concentration of, for example, about 0.5 ppm to about 20 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 25 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 30 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 35 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 40 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 45 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 50 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 55 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 60 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 65 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 70 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 75 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 80 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 85 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 90 ppm, or about 0.5 ppm to about 95 ppm. , about 0.5ppm to about 100ppm, about 0.75ppm to about 20ppm, about 0.75ppm to about 25ppm, about 0.75ppm to about 30ppm, about 0.7 5ppm ~ approx. 35ppm, approx. 0.75ppm ~ approx. 40ppm, approx. 0.75ppm ~ approx. 45ppm, approx. 0.75ppm ~ approx. 50ppm, approx. 0.75ppm ~ Approximately 55ppm, approximately 0.75ppm to approximately 60ppm, approximately 0.75ppm to approximately 65ppm, approximately 0.75ppm to approximately 70ppm, approximately 0.75ppm to approximately 75pp m, about 0.75ppm to about 80ppm, about 0.75ppm to about 85ppm, about 0.75ppm to about 90ppm, about 0.75ppm to about 95ppm, about 0.75 ppm to about 100 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 20 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 25 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 30 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 35 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 40 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 45 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 50 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 55 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 60 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 65 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 70 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 75 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 80ppm, about 1ppm to about 85ppm, about 1ppm to about 90ppm, about 1ppm to about 95ppm, about 1ppm to about 100ppm, about 5ppm to about 20ppm, about 5ppm to about 25ppm, about 5pp m ~ about 30ppm, about 5ppm - about 35ppm, about 5ppm - about 40ppm, about 5ppm - about 45ppm, about 5ppm - about 50ppm, about 5ppm - about 55ppm, about 5ppm - about 60ppm, about 5 ppm to about 65ppm, about 5ppm to about 70ppm, about 5ppm to about 75ppm, about 5ppm to about 80ppm, about 5ppm to about 85ppm, about 5ppm to about 90ppm, about 5ppm to about 95ppm , about 5ppm to about 100ppm, about 10ppm to about 20ppm, about 10ppm to about 25ppm, about 10ppm to about 30ppm, about 10ppm to about 35ppm, about 10ppm to about 40ppm, about 10p The metal particles are present in an amount of about 10 ppm to about 45 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 50 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 55 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 60 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 65 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 70 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 75 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 80 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 85 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 90 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 95 ppm, or about 10 ppm to about 100 ppm.

[0101] In other aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein may have a CI concentration of, for example, about 1 ppm to about 25 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 50 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 75 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 100 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 125 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 150 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 175 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 200 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 225 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 250 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 275 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 300 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 325 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 350 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 375 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 40 0 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 25 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 50 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 75 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 100 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 125 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 150 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 175 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 200 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 225 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 250 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 275 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 300 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 325 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 350 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 375 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 400 ppm, about 25 ppm to about 50ppm, about 25ppm to about 75ppm, about 25ppm to about 100ppm, about 25ppm to about 125ppm, about 25ppm to about 150ppm, about 25ppm to about 175ppm, about 25ppm to about 200ppm, about 25ppm to about 225ppm, about 25ppm to about 250ppm , about 25ppm to about 275ppm, about 25ppm to about 300ppm, about 25ppm to about 325ppm, about 25ppm to about 350ppm, about 25ppm to about 375ppm, about 25ppm to about 400ppm, about 50ppm to about 75ppm, about 50ppm to about 100ppm, about 50ppm m ~ about 125ppm, about 50ppm - about 150ppm, about 50ppm - about 175ppm, about 50ppm - about 200ppm, about 50ppm - about 225ppm, about 50ppm - about 250ppm, about 50ppm - about 275ppm, about 50ppm - about 300ppm, about 50ppm - about 32 5ppm, about 50ppm to about 350ppm, about 50ppm to about 375ppm, about 50ppm to about 400ppm, about 75ppm to about 100ppm, about 75ppm to about 125ppm, about 75ppm to about 150ppm, about 75ppm to about 175ppm, about 75ppm to about 200ppm,Approximately 75ppm to approximately 225ppm, approximately 75ppm to approximately 250ppm, approximately 75ppm to approximately 275ppm, approximately 75ppm to approximately 300ppm, approximately 75ppm to approximately 325ppm, approximately 75ppm to approximately 350ppm, approximately 75ppm to approximately 375p pm, about 75ppm to about 400ppm, about 100ppm to about 125ppm, about 100ppm to about 150ppm, about 100ppm to about 175ppm, about 100ppm to about 200ppm, about 100ppm to about 225ppm, about 100p pm ~ about 250ppm, about 100ppm - about 275ppm, about 100ppm - about 300ppm, about 100ppm - about 325ppm, about 100ppm - about 350ppm, about 100ppm - about 375ppm, about 100ppm - about 40 0ppm, about 150ppm to about 175ppm, about 150ppm to about 200ppm, about 150ppm to about 225ppm, about 150ppm to about 250ppm, about 150ppm to about 275ppm, about 150ppm to about 300ppm, about 1 50ppm to about 325ppm, about 150ppm to about 350ppm, about 150ppm to about 375ppm, about 150ppm to about 400ppm, about 200ppm to about 225ppm, about 200ppm to about 250ppm, about 200ppm to Approximately 275ppm, approximately 200ppm to approximately 300ppm, approximately 200ppm to approximately 325ppm, approximately 200ppm to approximately 350ppm, approximately 200ppm to approximately 375ppm, approximately 200ppm to approximately 400ppm, approximately 250ppm to approximately 275ppm , about 250 ppm to about 300 ppm, about 250 ppm to about 325 ppm, about 250 ppm to about 350 ppm, about 250 ppm to about 375 ppm, about 250 ppm to about 400 ppm, about 300 ppm to about 325 ppm, about 300 ppm to about 350 ppm, about 300 ppm to about 375 ppm, about 300 ppm to about 400 ppm, about 350 ppm to about 375 ppm, about 350 ppm to about 400 ppm, or about 375 ppm to about 400 ppm.

[0102] In other aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein may have a CI concentration of, for example, about 400 ppm to about 500 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 600 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 700 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 800 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 900 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 1,000 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 1,100 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 1,200 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 1,300 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 1,400 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 1,500 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 1,600 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 1,800 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 1,900 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 2,000 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 2,100 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 2,200 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 2,300 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 2,400 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 2,500 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 2,600 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 2,700 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 2,800 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 2,900 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 3,000 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 3,100 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 3,200 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 3,300 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 3,400 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 3,500 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 3,600 ppm, about 4 Approximately 1,700ppm, approximately 400ppm to approximately 1,800ppm, approximately 400ppm to approximately 1,900ppm, approximately 400ppm to approximately 2,000ppm, approximately 500ppm to approximately 600ppm, approximately 500ppm to approximately 700ppm, approximately 500ppm to approximately 800ppm, approximately 500ppm to approximately 90 0ppm, approx. 500ppm ~ approx. 1,000ppm, approx. 500ppm ~ approx. 1,100ppm, approx. 500ppm ~ approx. 1,200ppm, approx. 500ppm ~ approx. 1,300ppm, approx. 600ppm, approximately 500ppm to approximately 1,700ppm, approximately 500ppm to approximately 1,800ppm, approximately 500ppm to approximately 1,900ppm, approximately 500ppm to approximately 2,000ppm, approximately 600ppm to approximately 700ppm, approximately 600ppm to approximately 800ppm, approximately 600ppm to approximately 900 ppm, about 600ppm to about 1,000ppm, about 600ppm to about 1,100ppm, about 600ppm to about 1,200ppm, about 600ppm to about 1,300ppm, about 600ppm to about 1,400ppm, about 600ppm to about 1,500ppm, about 600ppm to about 1,6 00ppm, about 600ppm to about 1,700ppm, about 600ppm to about 1,800ppm, about 600ppm to about 1,900ppm, about 600ppm to about 2,000ppm, about 700ppm to about 800ppm, about 700ppm to about 900ppm, about 700ppm to about 1,00 0ppm, about 700ppm to about 1,100ppm, about 700ppm to about 1,200ppm, about 700ppm to about 1,300ppm, about 700ppm to about 1,400ppm, about 700ppm to about 1,500ppm, about 700ppm to about 1,600ppm, about 700ppm to about 1,700ppm, approximately 700ppm to approximately 1,800ppm, approximately 700ppm to approximately 1,900ppm, approximately 700ppm to approximately 2,000ppm, approximately 800ppm to approximately 900ppm, approximately 800ppm to approximately 1,000ppm, approximately 800ppm to approximately 1,100ppm, approximately 800ppm to approximately 1,200ppm, approximately 800ppm to approximately 1,300ppm, approximately 800ppm to approximately 1,400ppm, approximately 800ppm to approximately 1,500ppm, approximately 800ppm to approximately 1,600ppm, approximately 800ppm to approximately 1,700ppm, approximately 800ppm to approximately 1,800ppm, approximately 800ppm to approximately 1 900ppm, approximately 800ppm to approximately 2,000ppm, approximately 900ppm to approximately 1,000ppm, approximately 900ppm to approximately 1,100ppm, approximately 900ppm to approximately 1,200ppm, approximately 900ppm to approximately 1,300ppm, approximately 900ppm to approximately 1,400ppm, approximately 900ppm to approximately 1,500ppm, approximately 900ppm to approximately 1,600ppm, approximately 900ppm to approximately 1,700ppm, approximately 900ppm to approximately 1,800ppm, approximately 900ppm to approximately 1,900ppm, approximately 900ppm to approximately 2,000ppm, approximately 1,000ppm to approximately 1,100ppm, approximately 1,000ppm 0 ppm to approximately 1,200 ppm, approximately 1,000 ppm to approximately 1,300 ppm, approximately 1,000 ppm to approximately 1,400 ppm, approximately 1,000 ppm to approximately 1,500 ppm, approximately 1,000 ppm to approximately 1,600 ppm, approximately 1,000 ppm to approximately 1,700 ppm, approximately 1,000 ppm to approximately 1,800 ppm, approximately 1,000 ppm to approximately 1,900 ppm, approximately 1,000 ppm to approximately 2,000 ppm, approximately 1,100 ppm to approximately 1,200 ppm, approximately 1,100 ppm to approximately 1,300 ppm, approximately 1,100 ppm to approximately 1,400 ppm, approximately 1,100 ppm to approximately 1,500 ppm 0.00ppm, approximately 1,100ppm to approximately 1,600ppm, approximately 1,100ppm to approximately 1,700ppm, approximately 1,100ppm to approximately 1,800ppm, approximately 1,100ppm to approximately 1,900ppm, approximately 1,100ppm to approximately 2,000ppm, approximately 1,200ppm to approximately 1,300ppm, approximately 1,200ppm to approximately 1,400ppm, approximately 1,200ppm to approximately 1,500ppm, approximately 1,200ppm to approximately 1,600ppm, approximately 1,200ppm to approximately 1,700ppm, approximately 1,200ppm to approximately 1,800ppm, approximately 1,200ppm to approximately 1,900ppm, approximately 1,200ppm to approx. 2,000ppm, approx. 1,300ppm to approx. 1,400ppm, approx. 1,300ppm to approx. 1,500ppm, approx. 1,300ppm to approx. 1,600 ppm, approx. 1,300ppm ~ approx. 1,700ppm, approx. 1,300ppm ~ approx. 1,800ppm, approx. 1,300ppm ~ approx. 1,900ppm, approx. 1,300ppm ~ Approximately 2,000 ppm, approximately 1,400 ppm to approximately 1,500 ppm, approximately 1,400 ppm to approximately 1,600 ppm, approximately 1,400 ppm to approximately 1,700 ppm, approximately 1,400 ppm to approximately 1,800 ppm, approximately 1,400 ppm to approximately 1,900 ppm, approximately 1,400 ppm to approximately 2,000 ppm, approximately 1,500 ppm to approximately 1,600 ppm m, about 1,500ppm to about 1,700ppm, about 1,500ppm to about 1,800ppm, about 1,500ppm to about 1,900ppm, about 1,500ppm to about 2,000ppm, about 1,600ppm to about 1,700ppm, about 1,600ppm to about 1,800ppm, about 1,600ppm to about 1,900ppm, about 1,60 The metal particles are present in an amount of 0 ppm to about 2,000 ppm, about 1,700 ppm to about 1,800 ppm, about 1,700 ppm to about 1,900 ppm, about 1,700 ppm to about 2,000 ppm, about 1,800 ppm to about 1,900 ppm, about 1,800 ppm to about 2,000 ppm, or about 1,900 ppm to about 2,000 ppm.

[0103] In this aspect of the embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein are, for example, 0.05 mg / L, 0.10 mg / L, 0.15 mg / L, 0.20 mg / L, 0.25 mg / L, 0.30 mg / L, 0.35 mg / L, 0.40 mg / L, 0.45 mg / L, 0.50 mg / L, 0.55 mg / L, 0.60 mg / L, 0.65 mg / L, 0.70 mg / L, 0.75 mg / L, 0.80 mg / L, 0.85 mg / L, 0.90 mg / L, 0.95 mg / L, 1 mg / L, 5 mg / L, 10 mg / L, 15 mg / L, 20 mg / L, 25 mg / L, 30 mg / L, 35 mg / L, 40 mg / L, 45 mg / L, 50 mg / L, 55 mg / L, 60 mg / L, 65 mg / L, 70 mg / L, 75 mg / L, 80 mg / L, 85 mg / L, 90 mg / L, 95 mg / L, 100 mg / L, 125 mg / L, 150 mg / L, 175 mg / L, 200 mg / L, 225 mg / L, 250 mg / L, 275 mg / L, 300 mg / L, 325 mg / L, 350 mg / L, 375 mg / L, 400 mg / L, 425 mg / L, 450 mg / L, 475 mg / L, 500 mg / L, 525 mg / L, 550 mg / L, 575 mg / L, 600 mg / L, 625 mg / L, 650 mg / L, 675 mg / L, 700 mg / L, 725 mg / L, 750 mg / L, 775 mg / L, 800 mg / L, 825 mg / L, 850 mg / L, 875 mg / L, 900 mg / L, 925 mg / L, 950 mg / L, 975 mg / L, 1,000 mg / L, 1,025 mg / L, 1,050 mg / L, 1075 mg / L, 1,100 mg / L, 1,125 mg / L, 1,150 mg / L, 1,175 mg / L, 1,200 mg / L, 1,225 mg / L, 1,250 mg / L, 1,275 mg / L, 1,300 mg / L, 1,325 mg / L, 1,350 mg / L, 1,375 mg / L, 1,400 mg / L, 1,425 mg / L, 1,450 mg / L, 1,475 mg / L, 1,500 mg / L, 1,600 mg / L, 1,700 mg / L, 1,800 mg / L, 1,900 mg / L, or 2,In other aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise metal particles in an amount of, for example, at least 0.05 mg / L, at least 0.10 mg / L, at least 0.20 mg / L, at least 0.30 mg / L, at least 0.40 mg / L, at least 0.50 mg / L, at least 0.60 mg / L, at least 0.70 mg / L, at least 0.80 mg / L, at least 0.90 mg / L, at least 1 mg / L, at least 10 mg / L, at least 20 mg / L, at least 30 mg / L, at least 40 mg / L, at least 50 mg / L, at least 60mg / L, at least 70mg / L, at least 80mg / L, at least 90mg / L, at least 100mg / L, at least 125mg / L, at least 150mg / L, at least 175mg / L, at least 200mg / L, at least 225mg / L, at least 250mg / L, at least 275mg / L, at least 300mg / L, at least 325mg / L, at least 350mg / L, at least 375mg / L, at least 400mg / L, at least 425mg / L, at least 450mg / L, at least 475mg / L, at least 500mg / L, at least 525mg / L, at least 550mg / L, at least 575mg / L, at least 600mg / L, at least 625mg / L, at least 650mg / L, at least 675mg / L, at least 700mg / L, at least 725mg / L, at least 750mg / L, at least 775mg / L, at least 800mg / L, at least 825mg / L, at least 850mg / L, at least 875mg / L, at least 900mg / L, at least 925mg / L L, at least 950mg / L, at least 975mg / L, at least 1,000mg / L, at least 1,025mg / L, at least 1,050mg / L, at least 1075mg / L, at least 1,100mg / L, at least 1,125mg / L, at least 1,150mg / L, at least 1,175mg / L, at least 1,200mg / L, at least 1,225mg / L, at least 1,250mg / L, at least 1,275mg / L, at least 1,300mg / L, at least 1,325mg / L, at least 1,and metal particles in an amount of at least 350 mg / L, at least 1,375 mg / L, at least 1,400 mg / L, at least 1,425 mg / L, at least 1,450 mg / L, at least 1,475 mg / L, at least 1,500 mg / L, at least 1,600 mg / L, at least 1,700 mg / L, at least 1,800 mg / L, at least 1,900 mg / L, or at least 2,000 mg / L. In yet other aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein provide a soluble ... / L, Max 50mg / L, Max 60mg / L, Max 70mg / L, Max 80mg / L, Max 90mg / L, Max 100mg / L, Max 125mg / L, Max 150mg / L, Max 175mg / L, Max 200mg / L, Max 225mg / L, Max 250mg / L, Max 275mg / L, Max 300mg / L, Max 325mg / L, Max 350mg / L, Max 375mg / L, Max 400mg / L, Max 425mg g / L, max 450mg / L, max 475mg / L, max 500mg / L, max 525mg / L, max 550mg / L, max 575mg / L, max 600mg / L, max 625mg / L, max 650mg / L, max 675mg / L, max 700mg / L, max 725mg / L, max 750mg / L, max 775mg / L, max 800mg / L, max 825mg / L, max 850mg / L, max 875mg / L, max 900mg / L, max 925mg / L, max 950mg / L, max 975mg / L, max 1,000mg / L, max 1,025mg / L, max 1,050mg / L, max 1075mg / L, max 1,100mg / L, max 1,125mg / L, max 1,150mg / L, max 1,175mg / L, max 1,200mg / L, max 1,225mg / L, max 1,250mg / L, max 1,275mg / L, max 1,Contains metal particles in amounts of 300mg / L, up to 1,325mg / L, up to 1,350mg / L, up to 1,375mg / L, up to 1,400mg / L, up to 1,425mg / L, up to 1,450mg / L, up to 1,475mg / L, up to 1,500mg / L, up to 1,600mg / L, up to 1,700mg / L, up to 1,800mg / L, up to 1,900mg / L, or up to 2,000mg / L.

[0104] In still further other aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein are, for example, from about 0.5 mg / L to about 20 mg / L, from about 0.5 mg / L to about 25 mg / L, from about 0.5 mg / L to about 30 mg / L, from about 0.5 mg / L to about 35 mg / L, from about 0.5 mg / L to about 40 mg / L, from about 0.5 mg / L to about 45 mg / L, from about 0.5 mg / L to about 50 mg / L, from about 0.5 mg / L to about 55 mg / L, from about 0.5 mg / L to about 60 mg / L, from about 0.5 mg / L to about 65 mg / L, from about 0.5 mg / L to about 70 mg / L, from about 0.5 mg / L to about 75 mg / L, from about 0.5 mg / L to about 80 mg / L, from about 0.5 mg / L to about 85 mg / L, from about 0.5 mg / L to about 90 mg / L, from about 0.5 mg / L to about 95 mg / L, from about 0.5 mg / L to about 100 mg / L, from about 0.75 mg / L to about 20 mg / L, from about 0.75 mg / L to about 25 mg / L, from about 0.75 mg / L to about 30 mg / L, from about 0.75 mg / L to about 35 mg / L, from about 0.75 mg / L to about 40 mg / L, from about 0.75 mg / L to about 45 mg / L, from about 0.75 mg / L to about 50 mg / L, from about 0.75 mg / L to about 55 mg / L, from about 0.75 mg / L to about 60 mg / L, from about 0.75 mg / L to about 65 mg / L, from about 0.75 mg / L to about 70 mg / L, from about 0.75 mg / L to about 75 mg / L, from about 0.75 mg / L to about 80 mg / L, from about 0.75 mg / L to about 85 mg / L, from about 0.75 mg / L to about 90 mg / L, from about 0.75 mg / L to about 95 mg / L, from about 0.Containing metal particles in amounts of 75 mg / L to about 100 mg / L, about 1 mg / L to about 20 mg / L, about 1 mg / L to about 25 mg / L, about 1 mg / L to about 30 mg / L, about 1 mg / L to about 35 mg / L, about 1 mg / L to about 40 mg / L, about 1 mg / L to about 45 mg / L, about 1 mg / L to about 50 mg / L, about 1 mg / L to about 55 mg / L, about 1 mg / L to about 60 mg / L, about 1 mg / L to about 65 mg / L, about 1 mg / L to about 70 mg / L, about 1 mg / L to about 75 mg / L, about 1 mg / L to about 80 mg / L, about 1 mg / L to about 85 mg / L, about 1 mg / L to about 90 mg / L, about 1 mg / L to about 95 mg / L, about 1 mg / L to about 100 mg / L, about 5 mg / L to about 20 mg / L, about 5 mg / L to about 25 mg / L, about 5 mg / L to about 30 mg / L, about 5 mg / L to about 35 mg / L, about 5 mg / L to about 40 mg / L, about 5 mg / L to about 45 mg / L, about 5 mg / L to about 50 mg / L, about 5 mg / L to about 55 mg / L, about 5 mg / L to about 60 mg / L, about 5 mg / L to about 65 mg / L, about 5 mg / L to about 70 mg / L, about 5 mg / L to about 75 mg / L, about 5 mg / L to about 80 mg / L, about 5 mg / L to about 85 mg / L, about 5 mg / L to about 90 mg / L, about 5 mg / L to about 95 mg / L, or about 10 mg / L to about 100 mg / L.

[0105] The composition of this product is as follows: approximately 1 mg / L to approximately 25 mg / L, approximately 1 mg / L to approximately 50 mg / L, approximately 1 mg / L to approximately 75 mg / L, approximately 1 mg / L to approximately 100 mg / L, approximately 1 mg / L to approximately 125 mg / L, approximately 1 mg / L to approximately 150 mg / L, approximately 1 mg / L to approximately 175 mg / L, approximately 1 mg / L to approximately 200 mg / L, approximately 1 mg / L to approximately 225 mg / L, approximately 1 mg / L to approximately 250 mg / L, approximately 1 mg / L to approximately 275 mg / L, approximately 1 mg / L to approximately 300 mg / L, approximately 1 mg / L to approximately 325 mg / L, approximately 1 mg / L to approximately 35 mg / L. 0 mg / L, approximately 1 mg / L to approximately 375 mg / L, approximately 1 mg / L to approximately 400 mg / L, approximately 10 mg / L to approximately 25 mg / L, approximately 10 mg / L to approximately 50 mg / L, approximately 10 mg / L to approximately 75 mg / L, approximately 10 mg / L to approximately 100 mg / L, approximately 10 mg / L to approximately 125 mg / L, approximately 10 mg / L to approximately 150 mg / L, approximately 10 mg / L to approximately 175 mg / L, approximately 10 mg / L to approximately 200 mg / L, approximately 10 mg / L to approximately 225 mg / L, approximately 10 mg / L to approximately 250 mg / L, approximately 10 mg / L to approximately 275 mg / L, approximately 10 mg / L to approximately 300 mg / L, approximately 10 mg / L to approximately 3 25 mg / L, approximately 10 mg / L to approximately 350 mg / L, approximately 10 mg / L to approximately 375 mg / L, approximately 10 mg / L to approximately 400 mg / L, approximately 25 mg / L to approximately 50 mg / L, approximately 25 mg / L to approximately 75 mg / L, approximately 25 mg / L to approximately 100 mg / L, approximately 25 mg / L to approximately 125 mg / L, approximately 25 mg / L to approximately 150 mg / L, approximately 25 mg / L to approximately 175 mg / L, approximately 25 mg / L to approximately 200 mg / L, approximately 25 mg / L to approximately 225 mg / L, approximately 25 mg / L to approximately 250 mg / L, approximately 25 mg / L to approximately 275 mg / L, approximately 25 mg / L to approximately 300 mg / L, approximately 25 mg / L / L~approx. 325mg / L, approx. 25mg / L~approx. 350mg / L, approx. 25mg / L~approx. 375mg / L, approx. 25mg / L~approx. 400mg / L, approx. 50mg / L~approx. 75mg / L, approx. 50mg / L~approx. 100mg / L, approx. 50mg / L~approx. 125mg / L, approx. 50mg / L~approx. 150mg / L, approx. 50mg / L~approx. 175mg / L, approx. 50mg / L~approx. 200mg / L, approx. 50mg / L~approx. 225mg / L, approx. 50mg / L~approx. 250mg / L, approx. 50mg / L~approx. 275mg / L, approx. 50mg / L~approx. 300mg / L, approx. 50mg / L~approx. 325mg / LApproximately 50 mg / L to approximately 350 mg / L, approximately 50 mg / L to approximately 375 mg / L, approximately 50 mg / L to approximately 400 mg / L, approximately 75 mg / L to approximately 100 mg / L, approximately 75 mg / L to approximately 125 mg / L, approximately 75 mg / L to approximately 150 mg / L, approximately 75 mg / L to approximately 175 mg / L, approximately 75 mg / L to approximately 200 mg / L, approximately 75 mg / L to approximately 225 mg / L, approximately 75 mg / L to approximately 250 mg / L, approximately 75 mg / L to approximately 275 mg / L, approximately 75 mg / L to approximately 300 mg / L, approximately 75 mg / L to approximately 325 mg / L, approximately 75 mg / L to approximately 350 mg / L, approximately 75 mg / L to approximately 3... 75 mg / L, approximately 75 mg / L to approximately 400 mg / L, approximately 100 mg / L to approximately 125 mg / L, approximately 100 mg / L to approximately 150 mg / L, approximately 100 mg / L to approximately 175 mg / L, approximately 100 mg / L to approximately 200 mg / L, approximately 100 mg / L to approximately 225 mg / L, approximately 100 mg / L to approximately 250 mg / L, approximately 100 mg / L to approximately 275 mg / L, approximately 100 mg / L to approximately 300 mg / L, approximately 100 mg / L to approximately 325 mg / L, approximately 100 mg / L to approximately 350 mg / L, approximately 100 mg / L to approximately 375 mg / L, approximately 100 mg / L to approximately 400 mg / L, approximately 150 mg / L ~approximately 175 mg / L, approximately 150 mg / L to approximately 200 mg / L, approximately 150 mg / L to approximately 225 mg / L, approximately 150 mg / L to approximately 250 mg / L, approximately 150 mg / L to approximately 275 mg / L, approximately 150 mg / L to approximately 300 mg / L, approximately 150 mg / L to approximately 325 mg / L, approximately 150 mg / L to approximately 350 mg / L, approximately 150 mg / L to approximately 375 mg / L, approximately 150 mg / L to approximately 400 mg / L, approximately 200 mg / L to approximately 225 mg / L, approximately 200 mg / L to approximately 250 mg / L, approximately 200 mg / L to approximately 275 mg / L, approximately 200 mg / L to approximately 300 mg / L, approximately 200 mg / L mg / L ~ approx. 325 mg / L, approx. 200 mg / L ~ approx. 350 mg / L, approx. 200 mg / L ~ approx. 375 mg / L, approx. 200 mg / L ~ approx. 400 mg / L, approx. 250 mg / L ~ approx. 275 mg / L, approx. 250 mg / L ~ approx. 300 mg / L ~ approx. 325 mg / L, approx. 250 mg / L ~ approx. 350 mg / L, approx. 250 mg / L ~ approx. 375 mg / L, approx. 250 mg / L ~ approx. 400 mg / L, approx. 300 mg / L ~ approx. 325 mg / L, approx. 300 mg / L ~ approx. 350 mg / L, approx. 300 mg / L ~ approx. 375 mg / L, approx. 300 mg / L ~ approx. 400 mg / LThe metal particles are present in an amount of about 350 mg / L to about 375 mg / L, about 350 mg / L to about 400 mg / L, or about 375 mg / L to about 400 mg / L.

[0106] In other aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein may be used in a range of concentrations, e.g., from about 400 mg / L to about 500 mg / L, from about 400 mg / L to about 600 mg / L, from about 400 mg / L to about 700 mg / L, from about 400 mg / L to about 800 mg / L, from about 400 mg / L to about 900 mg / L, from about 400 mg / L to about 1,000 mg / L, from about 400 mg / L to about 1,100 mg / L, from about 400 mg / L to about 1,200 mg / L, from about 400 mg / L to about 1,300 mg / L, from about 400 mg / L to about 1,400 mg / L, from about 400 mg / L to about 1,500 mg / L, or from about 400 mg / L to about 1,600 mg / L. / L ~ approx. 1,600 mg / L, approx. 400 mg / L ~ approx. 1,700 mg / L, approx. 400 mg / L ~ approx. 1,800 mg / L, approx. 400 mg / L ~ approx. 1,900 mg / L, approx. 400 mg / L ~ approx. 2,000 mg / L, approx. 0mg / L, about 500mg / L to about 800mg / L, about 500mg / L to about 900mg / L, about 500mg / L to about 1,000mg / L, about 500mg / L to about 1,100mg / L, about 500mg / L to about 1,200mg / L, about 500mg / L to about 1,300mg / L, about 50 0mg / L~Approx. 1,400mg / L, Approx. 500mg / L~Approx. 1,500mg / L, Approx. 500mg / L~Approx. 1,600mg / L, Approx. 500mg / L~Approx. 1,700mg / L, Approx. 500mg / L~Approx. 1,800mg / L, Approx. L ~ about 2,000mg / L, about 600mg / L - about 700mg / L, about 600mg / L - about 800mg / L, about 600mg / L - about 900mg / L, about 600mg / L - about 1,000mg / L, about 600mg / L - about 1,100mg / L, about 600mg / L - about 1,200mg / L L, about 600mg / L to about 1,300mg / L, about 600mg / L to about 1,400mg / L, about 600mg / L to about 1,500mg / L, about 600mg / L to about 1,600mg / L, about 600mg / L to about 1,700mg / L, about 600mg / L to about 1,800mg / L, about 60 0mg / L~about 1,900mg / L, about 600mg / L~about 2,000mg / L, about 700mg / L~about 800mg / L, about 700mg / L~about 900mg / L, about 700mg / L~about 1,000mg / L, about 700mg / L~about 1,100mg / L, about 700mg / L~about 1,200 mg / L, approximately 700 mg / L to approximately 1,300 mg / L, approximately 700 mg / L to approximately 1,400 mg / L, approximately 700 mg / L to approximately 1,500 mg / L, approximately 700 mg / L to approximately 1,600 mg / L, approximately 700 mg / L to approximately 1,700 mg / L, approximately 700 mg / L to approximately 1,800 mg / L, approximately 700 mg / L to approximately 1,900 mg / L, approximately 700 mg / L to approximately 2,000 mg / L, approximately 800 mg / L to approximately 900 mg / L, approximately 800 mg / L to approximately 1,000 mg / L, approximately 800 mg / L to approximately 1,100 mg / L, approximately 800 mg / L to approximately 1,200 mg / L, approximately 8 00mg / L ~ approx. 1,300mg / L, approx. 800mg / L ~ approx. 1,400mg / L, approx. 800mg / L ~ approx. 1,500mg / L, approx. 800mg / L ~ approx. 1,600mg / L, approx. 800mg / L ~ approx. 1,700mg / L, approx. 800mg / L ~ approx. 1,800mg / L, approx. 800mg / L ~ approx. 1,900mg / L, approx. 800mg / L ~ approx. 2,000mg / L, approx. 900mg / L ~ approx. 1,000mg / L, approx. 900mg / L ~ approx. 1,100mg / L, approx. 900mg / L ~ approx. 1,200mg / L, approx. 900mg / L ~ approx. 1,300mg / L, approx. 900mg / L ~ approx. 1,300mg / L, approx. 900mg / L ~ approx. 1,2 ... 1,400 mg / L, approximately 900 mg / L to approximately 1,500 mg / L, approximately 900 mg / L to approximately 1,600 mg / L, approximately 900 mg / L to approximately 1,700 mg / L, approximately 900 mg / L to approximately 1,800 mg / L, approximately 900 mg / L to approximately 1,900 mg / L, approximately 900 mg / L to approximately 2,000 mg / L, approximately 1,000 mg / L to approximately 1,100 mg / L, approximately 1,000 mg / L to approximately 1,200 mg / L, approximately 1,000 mg / L to approximately 1,300 mg / L, approximately 1,000 mg / L to approximately 1,400 mg / L, approximately 1,000 mg / L to approximately 1,500 mg / L, approximately 1,000 mg / L / L~approx. 1,600 mg / L, approx. 1,000 mg / L~approx. 1,700 mg / L, approx. 1,000 mg / L~approx. 1,800 mg / L, approx. 1,000 mg / L~approx. 1,900 mg / L, approx. 1,000 mg / L~approx. 2,000 mg / L, approx. 1,100 mg / L~approx. 1,200 mg / L, approx. 1,100 mg / L~approx. 1,300 mg / L, approx. 1,100 mg / L~approx. 1,400 mg / L, approx. 1,100 mg / L~approx. 1,500 mg / L, approx. 1,100 mg / L~approx. 1,600 mg / L, approx. 1,700 mg / L, approx. 1,100 mg / L~approx. 1,700 mg / L, approx. 1,100 mg / L~approx. 1,800mg / L, approximately 1,100mg / L~approximately 1,900mg / L, approximately 1,100mg / L~approximately 2,000mg / L, approximately 1,200mg / L~approximately 1,300mg / L, approximately 1,200mg / L~approximately 1,400mg / L, approximately 1,200mg / L~ Approx. 1,500mg / L, Approx. 1,200mg / L~Approx. 1,600mg / L, Approx. 1,200mg / L~Approx. 1,700mg / L, Approx. 1,200mg / L~Approx. 1,800mg / L, Approx. 1,200mg / L~Approx. 1,900mg / L, Approx. 1,200mg / L ~ approx. 2,000mg / L, approx. 1,300mg / L ~ approx. 1,400mg / L, approx. 1,300mg / L ~ approx. 1,500mg / L, approx. 1,300mg / L ~ approx. 1,600mg / L, approx. 1,300mg / L ~ approx. 1,700mg / L, approx. 1,30 0mg / L~Approx. 1,800mg / L, Approx. 1,300mg / L~Approx. 1,900mg / L, Approx. 1,300mg / L~Approx. 2,000mg / L, Approx. 1,400mg / L~Approx. 1,500mg / L, Approx. 1,400mg / L~Approx. 1,600mg / L, Approx. 1 , 400mg / L ~ approx. 1,700mg / L, approx. 1,400mg / L ~ approx. 1,800mg / L, approx. 1,400mg / L ~ approx. 1,900mg / L, approx. 1,400mg / L ~ approx. 2,000mg / L, approx. 1,500mg / L ~ approx. 1,600mg / L , about 1,500mg / L to about 1,700mg / L, about 1,500mg / L to about 1,800mg / L, about 1,500mg / L to about 1,900mg / L, about 1,500mg / L to about 2,000mg / L, about 1,600mg / L to about 1,700m g / L, about 1,600 mg / L to about 1,800 mg / L, about 1,600 mg / L to about 1,900 mg / L, about 1,600 mg / L to about 2,000 mg / L, about 1,700 mg / L to about 1,800 mg / L, about 1,700 mg / L to about 1,900 mg / L, about 1,700 mg / L to about 2,000 mg / L, about 1,800 mg / L to about 1,900 mg / L, about 1,800 mg / L to about 2,000 mg / L, or about 1,900 mg / L to about 2,000 mg / L.

[0107] In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise metal particles in an amount of, for example, about 0.001%, about 0.005%, about 0.01%, about 0.05%, about 0.10%, about 0.11%, about 0.12%, about 0.13%, about 0.14%, about 0.15%, about 0.16%, about 0.17%, about 0.18%, about 0.19%, about 0.2%, about 0.25%, about 0.3%, about 0.35%, about 0.4%, about 0.45%, or about 0.5% by weight of the composition. In other aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise metal particles in an amount of, for example, at least 0.001%, at least 0.005%, at least 0.01%, at least 0.05%, at least 0.10%, at least 0.11%, at least 0.12%, at least 0.13%, at least 0.14%, at least 0.15%, at least 0.16%, at least 0.17%, at least 0.18%, at least 0.19%, at least 0.2%, at least 0.25%, at least 0.3%, at least 0.35%, at least 0.4%, at least 0.45%, or at least 0.5% by weight of the composition. In still other aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein include metal particles in an amount, e.g., at most 0.001%, at most 0.005%, at most 0.01%, at most 0.05%, at most 0.10%, at most 0.11%, at most 0.12%, at most 0.13%, at most 0.14%, at most 0.15%, at most 0.16%, at most 0.17%, at most 0.18%, at most 0.19%, at most 0.2%, at most 0.25%, at most 0.3%, at most 0.35%, at most 0.4%, at most 0.45%, or at most 0.5% by weight of the composition.In yet another aspect of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein may comprise, for example, from about 0.0010% to about 0.005%, from about 0.0010% to about 0.010%, from about 0.0010% to about 0.050%, from about 0.0010% to about 0.10%, from about 0.0010% to about 0.15%, from about 0.0010% to about 0.20%, from about 0.0010% to about 0.25%, from about 0.0010% to about 0.30%, from about 0.0010% to about 0.35% by weight, approximately 0.0010% by weight to approximately 0.40% by weight, approximately 0.0010% to approximately 0.45% by weight, approximately 0.0010% to approximately 0.50% by weight, approximately 0.010% to approximately 0.050% by weight, approximately 0.010% to approximately 0.10% by weight, approximately 0.010 weight% to about 0.15 weight%, about 0.010 weight% to about 0.20 weight%, about 0.010 weight% to about 0.25 weight%, about 0.010 weight% to about 0.30 weight%, about 0.010 weight% to about 0.35 weight%, about 0.010 weight% to about 0.40 Weight %, about 0.010 weight % to about 0.45 weight %, about 0.010 weight % to about 0.50 weight %, about 0.10 weight % to about 0.15 weight %, about 0.10 weight % to about 0.20 weight %, about 0.10 weight % to about 0.25 weight %, about 0.10 weight % to about 0. 30% by weight, about 0.10% to about 0.35% by weight, about 0.10% to about 0.40% by weight, about 0.10% to about 0.45% by weight, about 0.10% to about 0.50% by weight, about 0.20% to about 0.25% by weight, about 0.20% to about 0. 30% by weight, about 0.20% by weight to about 0.35% by weight, about 0.20% by weight to about 0.40% by weight, about 0.20% by weight to about 0.45% by weight, about 0.20% by weight to about 0.50% by weight, about 0.30% by weight to about 0.35% by weight, about 0.30% by weight to about 0.40% by weight, about 0.30% by weight to about 0.45% by weight, about 0.30% by weight to about 0.50% by weight, about 0.40% by weight to about 0.45% by weight, about 0.40% by weight to about 0.50% by weight, or about 0.40% by weight to about 0.50% by weight.

[0108] In embodiments, the metal particles can be of any size that provides the desired beneficial effect to the compositions disclosed herein. In aspects of this embodiment, the metal particles disclosed herein have an average diameter of, for example, about 10 nm, about 20 nm, about 30 nm, about 40 nm, about 50 nm, about 60 nm, about 70 nm, about 80 nm, about 90 nm, or about 100 nm. In other aspects of this embodiment, the metal particles disclosed herein have an average diameter of, for example, at least 10 nm, at least 20 nm, at least 30 nm, at least 40 nm, at least 50 nm, at least 60 nm, at least 70 nm, at least 80 nm, at least 90 nm, or at least 100 nm. In yet other aspects of this embodiment, the metal particles disclosed herein have an average diameter of, for example, at most 10 nm, at most 20 nm, at most 30 nm, at most 40 nm, at most 50 nm, at most 60 nm, at most 70 nm, at most 80 nm, at most 90 nm, or at most 100 nm. In yet another aspect of this embodiment, the metal particles disclosed herein have a diameter of, for example, about 10 nm to about 20 nm, about 10 nm to about 30 nm, about 10 nm to about 40 nm, about 10 nm to about 50 nm, about 10 nm to about 60 nm, about 10 nm to about 70 nm, about 10 nm to about 80 nm, about 10 nm to about 90 nm, about 10 nm to about 100 nm, about 20 nm to about 30 nm, about 20 nm to about 40 nm, about 20 nm to about 50 nm, about 20 nm to about 60 nm, about 20 nm to about 70 nm, about 20 nm to about 80 nm, about 20 nm to about 90 nm, about 20 nm to about 100 nm, about 30 nm to about 40 nm, about 30 nm to about 50 nm, about 30 nm to about 60 nm, about 30 nm to about 70 nm, about 30 nm to about 80nm, about 30nm to about 90nm, about 30nm to about 100nm, about 40nm to about 50nm, about 40nm to about 60nm, about 40nm to about 70nm, about 40nm to about 80 nm, about 40nm to about 90nm, about 40nm to about 100nm, about 50nm to about 60nm, about 50nm to about 70nm, about 50nm to about 80nm, about 50nm to about 90nm , about 50 nm to about 100 nm, about 60 nm to about 70 nm, about 60 nm to about 80 nm, about 60 nm to about 90 nm, about 60 nm to about 100 nm, about 70 nm to about 80 nm, about 70 nm to about 90 nm, about 70 nm to about 100 nm, about 80 nm to about 90 nm, about 80 nm to about 100 nm, or about 90 nm to about 100 nm.

[0109] In embodiments, the compositions disclosed herein do not include metal particles.

[0110] The compositions disclosed herein may contain metal salts. The metal salts disclosed herein may be alkali metal salts, alkaline earth metal salts, base metal salts, or transition metal salts. Alkali metal salts include lithium salts, sodium salts, potassium salts, rubidium salts, cesium salts, and francium salts. Alkaline earth metal salts include beryllium salts, magnesium salts, calcium salts, strontium salts, barium salts, and radium salts. Base metal salts include aluminum salts, gallium salts, indium salts, tin salts, thallium salts, lead salts, and bismuth salts. Transition metal salts include scandium salts, titanium salts, vanadium salts, chromium salts, manganese salts, iron salts, cobalt salts, palladium salts, silver salts, nickel salts, copper salts, zinc salts, and yttrium salts. Non-limiting examples of metal salts include calcium salts, copper salts, iron salts, potassium salts, silver salts, titanium salts, and zinc salts.

[0111] Other non-limiting examples of metal salts include metal acetates, metal chloride salts, metal nitrates, metal oxide salts, and metal sulfate salts. Metal acetates include, but are not limited to, calcium acetate, copper acetate, iron acetate such as iron(II) acetate and iron(III) acetate, potassium acetate, silver acetate, titanium acetate, and zinc acetate. Metal chloride salts include, but are not limited to, calcium chloride salts, copper chloride, iron chloride such as iron(II) chloride or iron(III) chloride, potassium chloride, silver chloride, titanium chloride, and zinc chloride. Metal nitrates include, but are not limited to, calcium nitrate, copper nitrate, iron nitrate such as iron(II) nitrate and iron(III) nitrate, potassium nitrate, silver nitrate, titanium nitrate, and zinc nitrate. Metal oxide salts include, but are not limited to, calcium oxide salts, copper oxide salts, iron oxide salts such as iron(II) oxide salts and iron(III) oxide salts, potassium oxide salts, silver oxide salts, titanium oxide salts, and zinc oxide salts. Metal sulfates include, but are not limited to, calcium sulfate, copper sulfate, iron sulfate such as iron (II) sulfate, iron (III) sulfate, potassium sulfate, silver sulfate, titanium sulfate, and zinc sulfate.

[0112] In some embodiments, the composition may include calcium oxide obtained from organic sources, such as seashells from marine organisms. In some embodiments, the composition may include calcium oxide obtained from inorganic sources, such as by synthetic chemical processes.

[0113] In embodiments, the compositions disclosed herein include a metal salt in an amount that provides the desired beneficial effect to the compositions disclosed herein. For example, when a composition containing a metal salt is formulated to be used in an undiluted state, the amount of metal salt used is a microbistatically effective amount. A microbistatically effective amount of a metal salt is an amount that inhibits, inhibits, or otherwise prevents the growth of a microbial population without eradicating the microorganisms. In aspects of this embodiment, a microbistatically effective amount of a metal salt is an amount that inhibits, inhibits, or otherwise prevents the growth of a microbial population without eradicating the microorganisms to the extent that disinfection or sterilization is achieved. Alternatively, when a composition containing a metal salt is formulated to be used in a manner that requires dilution, the amount of metal salt used in such a concentrated formulation can be any amount that does not cause precipitation of components in the compositions disclosed herein or otherwise produce undesirable effects that render the composition unusable.

[0114] In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein may be used in a range of concentrations, e.g., 0.05 ppm, 0.10 ppm, 0.15 ppm, 0.20 ppm, 0.25 ppm, 0.30 ppm, 0.35 ppm, 0.40 ppm, 0.45 ppm, 0.50 ppm, 0.55 ppm, 0.60 ppm, 0.65 ppm, 0.70 ppm, 0.75 ppm, 0.80 ppm, 0.85 ppm, 0.90 ppm, 0.95 ppm, 1 ppm, 5 ppm, 10 ppm, 15ppm, 20ppm, 25ppm, 30ppm, 35ppm, 40ppm, 45ppm, 50ppm, 55ppm, 60ppm, 65ppm, 70ppm, 75ppm, 80ppm, 85ppm, 90ppm, 95pp m, 100ppm, 125ppm, 150ppm, 175ppm, 200ppm, 225ppm, 250ppm, 275ppm, 300ppm, 325ppm, 350ppm, 375ppm, 400ppm, 425ppm, 450ppm, 475ppm, 500ppm, 525ppm, 550ppm, 575ppm, 600ppm, 625ppm, 650ppm, 675ppm, 700ppm, 725ppm, 750ppm, 775ppm, 8 00ppm, 825ppm, 850ppm, 875ppm, 900ppm, 925ppm, 950ppm, 975ppm, 1,000ppm, 1,025ppm, 1,050ppm, 1075ppm, 1,100ppm, 1 ,125 ppm, 1,150 ppm, 1,175 ppm, 1,200 ppm, 1,225 ppm, 1,250 ppm, 1,275 ppm, 1,300 ppm, 1,325 ppm, 1,350 ppm, 1,375 ppm, 1,400 ppm, 1,425 ppm, 1,450 ppm, 1,475 ppm, 1,500 ppm, 1,600 ppm, 1,700 ppm, 1,800 ppm, 1,900 ppm, or 2,000 ppm of metal salts. In other aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein may contain at least 0.05 ppm, at least 0.10 ppm, at least 0.20 ppm, at least 0.30 ppm, at least 0.40 ppm, at least 0.50 ppm, at least 0.60 ppm, at least 0.70 ppm, at least 0.80 ppm, at least 0.90 ppm, at least 1 ppm, at least 10 ppm, at least 20 ppm, at least 30 ppm, at least 40 ppm, at least 50 ppm, at least 60 ppm, at least 70 ppm, at least 80 ppm, at least 90 ppm, at least 100 ppm, at least 125 ppm, at least 150 ppm, at least 175 ppm, at least 200 ppm, at least 225 ppm, at least 250 ppm, at least 275 ppm, at least 300 ppm, at least 32 5 ppm, at least 350 ppm, at least 375 ppm, at least 400 ppm, at least 425 ppm, at least 450 ppm, at least 475 ppm, at least 500 ppm, at least 525 ppm, at least 550 ppm, at least 575 ppm, at least 600 ppm, at least 625 ppm, at least 650 ppm, at least 675 ppm, at least 700 ppm, at least 725 ppm, at least 750 ppm, at least 775 ppm, at least 800 ppm m, at least 825 ppm, at least 850 ppm, at least 875 ppm, at least 900 ppm, at least 925 ppm, at least 950 ppm, at least 975 ppm, at least 1,000 ppm, at least 1,025 ppm, at least 1,050 ppm, at least 1075 ppm, at least 1,100 ppm, at least 1,125 ppm, at least 1,150 ppm, at least 1,175 ppm, at least 1,200 ppm, at least 1,225 ppm, at least In yet another aspect of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise a metal salt in an amount of at least 1,250 ppm, at least 1,275 ppm, at least 1,300 ppm, at least 1,325 ppm, at least 1,350 ppm, at least 1,375 ppm, at least 1,400 ppm, at least 1,425 ppm, at least 1,450 ppm, at least 1,475 ppm, at least 1,500 ppm, at least 1,600 ppm, at least 1,700 ppm, at least 1,800 ppm, at least 1,900 ppm, or at least 2,000 ppm. In yet another aspect of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise a metal salt in an amount of at most 0.05 ppm, at most 0.10 ppm, at most 0.20 ppm, at most 0.30ppm, max 0.40ppm, max 0.50ppm, max 0.60ppm, max 0.70ppm, max 0.80ppm, max 0.90ppm, max 1ppm, max 10ppm, max 20ppm, max 30ppm, max 40ppm, max 50ppm, max 60ppm, max 70ppm, max 80ppm, max 90ppm, max 100ppm, max 125ppm, max 150ppm, max 175ppm, max 200ppm, Maximum 225ppm, Maximum 250ppm, Maximum 275ppm, Maximum 300ppm, Maximum 325ppm, Maximum 350ppm, Maximum 375ppm, Maximum 400ppm, Maximum 425ppm, Maximum 450ppm, Maximum 475ppm, Maximum 500ppm, Maximum 525ppm, Maximum 550ppm, Maximum 575ppm, Maximum 600ppm, Maximum 625ppm, Maximum 650ppm, Maximum 675ppm, Maximum 700ppm, Maximum 725ppm, Maximum 750ppm, max 775ppm, max 800ppm, max 825ppm, max 850ppm, max 875ppm, max 900ppm, max 925ppm, max 950ppm, max 975ppm, max 1,000ppm, max 1,025ppm, max 1,050ppm, max 1075ppm, max 1,100ppm, max 1,125ppm, max 1,150ppm, max 1,175ppm, max 1,200ppm, max 1, Contains metal salts in amounts of 225 ppm, up to 1,250 ppm, up to 1,275 ppm, up to 1,300 ppm, up to 1,325 ppm, up to 1,350 ppm, up to 1,375 ppm, up to 1,400 ppm, up to 1,425 ppm, up to 1,450 ppm, up to 1,475 ppm, up to 1,500 ppm, up to 1,600 ppm, up to 1,700 ppm, up to 1,800 ppm, up to 1,900 ppm, or up to 2,000 ppm.

[0115] In yet another aspect of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein may have a CI concentration of, for example, about 0.5 ppm to about 20 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 25 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 30 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 35 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 40 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 45 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 50 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 55 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 60 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 65 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 70 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 75 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 80 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 85 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 90 ppm, or about 0.5 ppm to about 95 ppm. , about 0.5ppm to about 100ppm, about 0.75ppm to about 20ppm, about 0.75ppm to about 25ppm, about 0.75ppm to about 30ppm, about 0.7 5ppm ~ approx. 35ppm, approx. 0.75ppm ~ approx. 40ppm, approx. 0.75ppm ~ approx. 45ppm, approx. 0.75ppm ~ approx. 50ppm, approx. 0.75ppm ~ Approximately 55ppm, approximately 0.75ppm to approximately 60ppm, approximately 0.75ppm to approximately 65ppm, approximately 0.75ppm to approximately 70ppm, approximately 0.75ppm to approximately 75pp m, about 0.75ppm to about 80ppm, about 0.75ppm to about 85ppm, about 0.75ppm to about 90ppm, about 0.75ppm to about 95ppm, about 0.75 ppm to about 100 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 20 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 25 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 30 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 35 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 40 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 45 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 50 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 55 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 60 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 65 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 70 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 75 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 80ppm, about 1ppm to about 85ppm, about 1ppm to about 90ppm, about 1ppm to about 95ppm, about 1ppm to about 100ppm, about 5ppm to about 20ppm, about 5ppm to about 25ppm, about 5p pm ~ about 30ppm, about 5ppm - about 35ppm, about 5ppm - about 40ppm, about 5ppm - about 45ppm, about 5ppm - about 50ppm, about 5ppm - about 55ppm, about 5ppm - about 60ppm, about 5 ppm to about 65 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 70 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 75 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 80 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 85 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 90 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 95 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 100 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 20 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 25 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 30 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 35 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 40 ppm, about 10 The metal salt is contained in an amount of about 10 ppm to about 45 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 50 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 55 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 60 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 65 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 70 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 75 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 80 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 85 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 90 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 95 ppm, or about 10 ppm to about 100 ppm.

[0116] In other aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein may have a CI concentration of, for example, about 1 ppm to about 25 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 50 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 75 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 100 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 125 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 150 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 175 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 200 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 225 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 250 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 275 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 300 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 325 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 350 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 375 ppm, about 1 ppm to about Approximately 400ppm, approximately 1ppm to approximately 425ppm, approximately 1ppm to approximately 450ppm, approximately 1ppm to approximately 475ppm, approximately 1ppm to approximately 500ppm, approximately 5ppm to approximately 25ppm, approximately 5ppm to approximately 50ppm, approximately 5ppm to approximately 75ppm, approximately 5ppm to approximately 100ppm, approximately 5ppm to Approximately 125ppm, approximately 5ppm to approximately 150ppm, approximately 5ppm to approximately 175ppm, approximately 5ppm to approximately 200ppm, approximately 5ppm to approximately 225ppm, approximately 5ppm to approximately 250ppm, approximately 5ppm to approximately 275ppm, approximately 1ppm to approximately 300ppm, approximately 5ppm to approximately 325ppm, approximately 5ppm m ~ about 350ppm, about 5ppm - about 375ppm, about 5ppm - about 400ppm, about 5ppm - about 425ppm, about 5ppm - about 450ppm, about 5ppm - about 475ppm, about 5ppm - about 500ppm, about 10ppm - about 25ppm, about 10ppm - about 50ppm, about 10ppm to about 75ppm, about 10ppm to about 100ppm, about 10ppm to about 125ppm, about 10ppm to about 150ppm, about 10ppm to about 175ppm, about 10ppm to about 200ppm, about 10ppm to about 225ppm, about 10ppm to about 250ppm, about 10ppm ~275ppm, 10ppm~300ppm, 10ppm~325ppm, 10ppm~350ppm, 10ppm~375ppm, 10ppm~400ppm, 10ppm~425ppm, 10ppm~450ppm, 10ppm~4 75ppm, about 10ppm to about 500ppm, about 25ppm to about 50ppm, about 25ppm to about 75ppm, about 25ppm to about 100ppm, about 25ppm to about 125ppm, about 25ppm to about 150ppm, about 25ppm to about 175ppm, about 25ppm to about 200ppm,Approximately 25ppm to approximately 225ppm, approximately 25ppm to approximately 250ppm, approximately 25ppm to approximately 275ppm, approximately 25ppm to approximately 300ppm, approximately 25ppm to approximately 325ppm, approximately 25ppm to approximately 350ppm, approximately 25ppm to approximately 375ppm, approximately 25ppm to approximately 400ppm, approximately 25ppm to approximately 425ppm, approximately 25ppm to approximately 450ppm, approximately 25ppm to approximately 475ppm, approximately 25ppm to approximately 500ppm, approximately 50ppm to approximately 75ppm, approximately 50ppm to approximately 100ppm, approximately 50ppm to approximately 125ppm, approximately 50ppm to approximately 150ppm, approximately 50ppm to approximately 1 75ppm, approximately 50ppm to approximately 200ppm, approximately 50ppm to approximately 225ppm, approximately 50ppm to approximately 250ppm, approximately 50ppm to approximately 275ppm, approximately 50ppm to approximately 300ppm, approximately 50ppm to approximately 325ppm, approximately 50ppm to approximately 350ppm, approximately 50ppm to approximately 375ppm, approximately 50ppm to approximately 400ppm, approximately 50ppm to approximately 425ppm, approximately 50ppm to approximately 450ppm, approximately 50ppm to approximately 475ppm, approximately 50ppm to approximately 500ppm, approximately 75ppm to approximately 100ppm, approximately 75ppm to approximately 125ppm, approximately 75ppm to approximately 150ppm, approximately 7 5ppm to approximately 175ppm, approximately 75ppm to approximately 200ppm, approximately 75ppm to approximately 225ppm, approximately 75ppm to approximately 250ppm, approximately 75ppm to approximately 275ppm, approximately 75ppm to approximately 300ppm, approximately 75ppm to approximately 325ppm, approximately 75ppm to approximately 350ppm, approximately 75ppm to approximately 375ppm, approximately 75ppm to approximately 400ppm, approximately 75ppm to approximately 425ppm, approximately 75ppm to approximately 450ppm, approximately 75ppm to approximately 475ppm, approximately 75ppm to approximately 500ppm, approximately 100ppm to approximately 125ppm, approximately 100ppm to approximately 150ppm, approximately 100ppm~ Approximately 175 ppm, approximately 100 ppm to approximately 200 ppm, approximately 100 ppm to approximately 225 ppm, approximately 100 ppm to approximately 250 ppm, approximately 100 ppm to approximately 275 ppm, approximately 100 ppm to approximately 300 ppm, approximately 100 ppm to approximately 325 ppm, approximately 100 ppm to approximately 350 ppm, approximately 100 ppm to approximately 375 ppm, approximately 100 ppm to approximately 400 ppm, approximately 100 ppm to approximately 425 ppm, approximately 100 ppm to approximately 450 ppm, approximately 100 ppm to approximately 475 ppm, approximately 100 ppm to approximately 500 ppm, approximately 150 ppm to approximately 175 ppm, approximately 150 ppm to approximately 200 ppm,Approximately 150ppm to approximately 225ppm, approximately 150ppm to approximately 250ppm, approximately 150ppm to approximately 275ppm, approximately 150ppm to approximately 300ppm, approximately 150ppm to approximately 325ppm, approximately 150ppm to approximately 350ppm, approximately 150ppm to approximately 375p pm, about 150ppm to about 400ppm, about 150ppm to about 425ppm, about 150ppm to about 450ppm, about 150ppm to about 475ppm, about 150ppm to about 500ppm, about 200ppm to about 225ppm, about 200ppm to about 25 0ppm, approximately 200ppm to approximately 275ppm, approximately 200ppm to approximately 300ppm, approximately 200ppm to approximately 325ppm, approximately 200ppm to approximately 350ppm, approximately 200ppm to approximately 375ppm, approximately 200ppm to approximately 400ppm, approximately 200ppm to Approximately 425ppm, approximately 200ppm to approximately 450ppm, approximately 200ppm to approximately 475ppm, approximately 200ppm to approximately 500ppm, approximately 250ppm to approximately 275ppm, approximately 250ppm to approximately 300ppm, approximately 250ppm to approximately 325ppm, approximately 250ppm m ~ about 350ppm, about 250ppm to about 375ppm, about 250ppm to about 400ppm, about 250ppm to about 425ppm, about 250ppm to about 450ppm, about 250ppm to about 475ppm, about 250ppm to about 500ppm, about 30 0ppm to about 325ppm, about 300ppm to about 350ppm, about 300ppm to about 375ppm, about 300ppm to about 400ppm, about 300ppm to about 425ppm, about 300ppm to about 450ppm, about 300ppm to about 475ppm, about The metal salt is contained in an amount of 300 ppm to about 500 ppm, about 350 ppm to about 375 ppm, about 350 ppm to about 400 ppm, about 350 ppm to about 425 ppm, about 350 ppm to about 450 ppm, about 350 ppm to about 475 ppm, about 350 ppm to about 500 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 425 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 450 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 475 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 500 ppm, about 450 ppm to about 475 ppm, or about 450 ppm to about 500 ppm.

[0117] In other aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein may have a CI concentration of, for example, about 400 ppm to about 500 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 600 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 700 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 800 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 900 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 1,000 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 1,100 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 1,200 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 1,300 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 1,400 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 1,500 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 1,600 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 1,800 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 1,900 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 2,000 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 2,100 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 2,200 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 2,300 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 2,400 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 2,500 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 2,600 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 2,700 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 2,800 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 2,900 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 3,000 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 3,100 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 3,200 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 3,300 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 3,400 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 3,500 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 3,600 ppm, about 4 Approximately 1,700ppm, approximately 400ppm to approximately 1,800ppm, approximately 400ppm to approximately 1,900ppm, approximately 400ppm to approximately 2,000ppm, approximately 500ppm to approximately 600ppm, approximately 500ppm to approximately 700ppm, approximately 500ppm to approximately 800ppm, approximately 500ppm to approximately 90 0ppm, approx. 500ppm ~ approx. 1,000ppm, approx. 500ppm ~ approx. 1,100ppm, approx. 500ppm ~ approx. 1,200ppm, approx. 500ppm ~ approx. 1,300ppm, approx. 600ppm, approximately 500ppm to approximately 1,700ppm, approximately 500ppm to approximately 1,800ppm, approximately 500ppm to approximately 1,900ppm, approximately 500ppm to approximately 2,000ppm, approximately 600ppm to approximately 700ppm, approximately 600ppm to approximately 800ppm, approximately 600ppm to approximately 900 ppm, about 600ppm to about 1,000ppm, about 600ppm to about 1,100ppm, about 600ppm to about 1,200ppm, about 600ppm to about 1,300ppm, about 600ppm to about 1,400ppm, about 600ppm to about 1,500ppm, about 600ppm to about 1,6 00ppm, about 600ppm to about 1,700ppm, about 600ppm to about 1,800ppm, about 600ppm to about 1,900ppm, about 600ppm to about 2,000ppm, about 700ppm to about 800ppm, about 700ppm to about 900ppm, about 700ppm to about 1,00 0ppm, about 700ppm to about 1,100ppm, about 700ppm to about 1,200ppm, about 700ppm to about 1,300ppm, about 700ppm to about 1,400ppm, about 700ppm to about 1,500ppm, about 700ppm to about 1,600ppm, about 700ppm to about 1,700ppm, approximately 700ppm to approximately 1,800ppm, approximately 700ppm to approximately 1,900ppm, approximately 700ppm to approximately 2,000ppm, approximately 800ppm to approximately 900ppm, approximately 800ppm to approximately 1,000ppm, approximately 800ppm to approximately 1,100ppm, approximately 800ppm to approximately 1,200ppm, approximately 800ppm to approximately 1,300ppm, approximately 800ppm to approximately 1,400ppm, approximately 800ppm to approximately 1,500ppm, approximately 800ppm to approximately 1,600ppm, approximately 800ppm to approximately 1,700ppm, approximately 800ppm to approximately 1,800ppm, approximately 800ppm to approximately 1 900ppm, approximately 800ppm to approximately 2,000ppm, approximately 900ppm to approximately 1,000ppm, approximately 900ppm to approximately 1,100ppm, approximately 900ppm to approximately 1,200ppm, approximately 900ppm to approximately 1,300ppm, approximately 900ppm to approximately 1,400ppm, approximately 900ppm to approximately 1,500ppm, approximately 900ppm to approximately 1,600ppm, approximately 900ppm to approximately 1,700ppm, approximately 900ppm to approximately 1,800ppm, approximately 900ppm to approximately 1,900ppm, approximately 900ppm to approximately 2,000ppm, approximately 1,000ppm to approximately 1,100ppm, approximately 1,000ppm 0 ppm to approximately 1,200 ppm, approximately 1,000 ppm to approximately 1,300 ppm, approximately 1,000 ppm to approximately 1,400 ppm, approximately 1,000 ppm to approximately 1,500 ppm, approximately 1,000 ppm to approximately 1,600 ppm, approximately 1,000 ppm to approximately 1,700 ppm, approximately 1,000 ppm to approximately 1,800 ppm, approximately 1,000 ppm to approximately 1,900 ppm, approximately 1,000 ppm to approximately 2,000 ppm, approximately 1,100 ppm to approximately 1,200 ppm, approximately 1,100 ppm to approximately 1,300 ppm, approximately 1,100 ppm to approximately 1,400 ppm, approximately 1,100 ppm to approximately 1,500 ppm 0.00ppm, approximately 1,100ppm to approximately 1,600ppm, approximately 1,100ppm to approximately 1,700ppm, approximately 1,100ppm to approximately 1,800ppm, approximately 1,100ppm to approximately 1,900ppm, approximately 1,100ppm to approximately 2,000ppm, approximately 1,200ppm to approximately 1,300ppm, approximately 1,200ppm to approximately 1,400ppm, approximately 1,200ppm to approximately 1,500ppm, approximately 1,200ppm to approximately 1,600ppm, approximately 1,200ppm to approximately 1,700ppm, approximately 1,200ppm to approximately 1,800ppm, approximately 1,200ppm to approximately 1,900ppm, approximately 1,200ppm to approx. 2,000ppm, approx. 1,300ppm to approx. 1,400ppm, approx. 1,300ppm to approx. 1,500ppm, approx. 1,300ppm to approx. 1,600 ppm, approx. 1,300ppm ~ approx. 1,700ppm, approx. 1,300ppm ~ approx. 1,800ppm, approx. 1,300ppm ~ approx. 1,900ppm, approx. 1,300ppm ~ Approximately 2,000 ppm, approximately 1,400 ppm to approximately 1,500 ppm, approximately 1,400 ppm to approximately 1,600 ppm, approximately 1,400 ppm to approximately 1,700 ppm, approximately 1,400 ppm to approximately 1,800 ppm, approximately 1,400 ppm to approximately 1,900 ppm, approximately 1,400 ppm to approximately 2,000 ppm, approximately 1,500 ppm to approximately 1,600 ppm pm, about 1,500ppm~about 1,700ppm, about 1,500ppm~about 1,800ppm, about 1,500ppm~about 1,900ppm, about 1,500ppm~ Approx. 2,000ppm, Approx. 1,600ppm~Approx. 1,700ppm, Approx. 1,600ppm~Approx. 1,800ppm, Approx. 1,600ppm~Approx. 1,900ppm, Approx. 1,6 The metal salt is contained in an amount of about 1,000 ppm to about 2,000 ppm, about 1,700 ppm to about 1,800 ppm, about 1,700 ppm to about 1,900 ppm, about 1,700 ppm to about 2,000 ppm, about 1,800 ppm to about 1,900 ppm, about 1,800 ppm to about 2,000 ppm, or about 1,900 ppm to about 2,000 ppm.

[0118] In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise a metal salt in an amount of, for example, about 0.001%, about 0.005%, about 0.01%, about 0.05%, about 0.10%, about 0.11%, about 0.12%, about 0.13%, about 0.14%, about 0.15%, about 0.16%, about 0.17%, about 0.18%, about 0.19%, about 0.2%, about 0.25%, about 0.3%, about 0.35%, about 0.4%, about 0.45%, or about 0.5% by weight of the composition. In other aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise a metal salt in an amount, e.g., at least 0.001%, at least 0.005%, at least 0.01%, at least 0.05%, at least 0.10%, at least 0.11%, at least 0.12%, at least 0.13%, at least 0.14%, at least 0.15%, at least 0.16%, at least 0.17%, at least 0.18%, at least 0.19%, at least 0.2%, at least 0.25%, at least 0.3%, at least 0.35%, at least 0.4%, at least 0.45%, or at least 0.5% by weight of the composition. In still other aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise a metal salt in an amount, e.g., at most 0.001%, at most 0.005%, at most 0.01%, at most 0.05%, at most 0.10%, at most 0.11%, at most 0.12%, at most 0.13%, at most 0.14%, at most 0.15%, at most 0.16%, at most 0.17%, at most 0.18%, at most 0.19%, at most 0.2%, at most 0.25%, at most 0.3%, at most 0.35%, at most 0.4%, at most 0.45%, or at most 0.5% by weight of the composition.In yet another aspect of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein may comprise, for example, from about 0.0010% to about 0.005%, from about 0.0010% to about 0.010%, from about 0.0010% to about 0.050%, from about 0.0010% to about 0.10%, from about 0.0010% to about 0.15%, from about 0.0010% to about 0.20%, from about 0.0010% to about 0.25%, from about 0.0010% to about 0.30%, from about 0.0010% to about 0.35% by weight, approximately 0.0010% by weight to approximately 0.40% by weight, approximately 0.0010% to approximately 0.45% by weight, approximately 0.0010% to approximately 0.50% by weight, approximately 0.010% to approximately 0.050% by weight, approximately 0.010% to approximately 0.10% by weight, approximately 0.010 weight% to about 0.15 weight%, about 0.010 weight% to about 0.20 weight%, about 0.010 weight% to about 0.25 weight%, about 0.010 weight% to about 0.30 weight%, about 0.010 weight% to about 0.35 weight%, about 0.010 weight% to about 0.4 0 weight%, about 0.010 weight% to about 0.45 weight%, about 0.010 weight% to about 0.50 weight%, about 0.10 weight% to about 0.15 weight%, about 0.10 weight% to about 0.20 weight%, about 0.10 weight% to about 0.25 weight%, about 0.10 weight% to about 0 .30 wt%, about 0.10 wt% to about 0.35 wt%, about 0.10 wt% to about 0.40 wt%, about 0.10 wt% to about 0.45 wt%, about 0.10 wt% to about 0.50 wt%, about 0.20 wt% to about 0.25 wt%, about 0.20 wt% to about 0 0.30 wt%, about 0.20 wt% to about 0.35 wt%, about 0.20 wt% to about 0.40 wt%, about 0.20 wt% to about 0.45 wt%, about 0.20 wt% to about 0.50 wt%, about 0.30 wt% to about 0.35 wt%, about 0.30 wt% to about 0.40 wt%, about 0.30 wt% to about 0.45 wt%, about 0.30 wt% to about 0.50 wt%, about 0.40 wt% to about 0.45 wt%, about 0.40 wt% to about 0.50 wt%, or about 0.40 wt% to about 0.50 wt% of the metal salt.

[0119] In embodiments, the compositions disclosed herein do not include metal salts.

[0120] The compositions disclosed herein may include a phosphate buffer. Phosphate buffers (also known as phosphate buffer solutions) are particularly sensitive to pH changes and are therefore useful in biological applications. Phosphate buffers can be adapted to various pH levels, including isotonicity. This wide range is due to the fact that phosphate has three dissociation constants (pKa), allowing the formation of buffers near pH levels of 2.15, 7.21, or 12.32. Monosodium phosphate and its conjugate base, disodium phosphate, are typically used to create buffers with a pH value of about 7. Non-limiting examples of phosphate buffers include calcium phosphate buffer and sodium phosphate buffer.

[0121] In embodiments, the compositions disclosed herein comprise a phosphate buffer in an amount that provides the desired beneficial effect to the compositions disclosed herein. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein may comprise, for example, 0.05 ppm, 0.10 ppm, 0.15 ppm, 0.20 ppm, 0.25 ppm, 0.30 ppm, 0.35 ppm, 0.40 ppm, 0.45 ppm, 0.50 ppm, 0.55 ppm, 0.60 ppm, 0.65 ppm, 0.70 ppm, 0.75 ppm, 0.80 ppm, 0.85 ppm, 0.90 ppm, 0.95 ppm, 1 ppm, 5 ppm, 10 ... 5ppm, 20ppm, 25ppm, 30ppm, 35ppm, 40ppm, 45ppm, 50ppm, 55ppm, 60ppm, 65ppm, 70ppm, 75ppm, 80ppm, 85ppm, 90ppm, 95ppm , 100ppm, 125ppm, 150ppm, 175ppm, 200ppm, 225ppm, 250ppm, 275ppm, 300ppm, 325ppm, 350ppm, 375ppm, 400ppm, 425ppm, 4 50ppm, 475ppm, 500ppm, 525ppm, 550ppm, 575ppm, 600ppm, 625ppm, 650ppm, 675ppm, 700ppm, 725ppm, 750ppm, 775ppm, 800 ppm, 825ppm, 850ppm, 875ppm, 900ppm, 925ppm, 950ppm, 975ppm, 1,000ppm, 1,025ppm, 1,050ppm, 1075ppm, 1,100ppm, 1,1 In other aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise a phosphate buffer in an amount of, for example, at least 0.05 ppm, at least 0.10 ppm, at least 0.20 ppm, at least 0.30 ppm, at least 0.40 ppm, at least 0.50 ppm, at least 0.60 ppm, at least 0.70 ppm, at least 0.80 ppm, at least 0.90 ppm, at least 100 ppm, at least 110 ppm, at least 120 ppm, at least 130 ppm, at least 140 ppm, at least 150 ppm, at least 160 ppm, at least 170 ppm, at least 180 ppm, at least 190 ppm, at least 200 ppm, at least 25 ppm, 1,150 ppm, 1,175 ppm, 1,200 ppm, 1,225 ppm, 1,250 ppm, 1,275 ppm, 1,300 ppm, 1,325 ppm, 1,350 ppm, 1,375 ppm, 1,400 ppm, 1,425 ppm, 1,450 ppm, 1,475 ppm, 1,500 ppm, 1,600 ppm, 1,700 ppm, 1,800 ppm, 1,900 ppm, or 2,000 ppm.70 ppm, at least 0.80 ppm, at least 0.90 ppm, at least 1 ppm, at least 10 ppm, at least 20 ppm, at least 30 ppm, at least 40 ppm, at least 50 ppm, at least 60 ppm, at least 70 ppm, at least 80 ppm, at least 90 ppm, at least 100 ppm, at least 125 ppm, at least 150 ppm, at least 175 ppm, at least 200 ppm, at least 225 ppm, at least 250 ppm, at least 275 ppm, at least 300 ppm, at least 325 ppm, at least 350 ppm, at least 375 ppm, at least 400 ppm, at least 425 ppm, at least 450 ppm, at least 475 ppm, at least 500 ppm, at least 525 ppm, at least 550 ppm, at least 575 ppm, at least 600 ppm, at least 625 ppm, at least 650 ppm, at least 675 ppm, at least 700 ppm, at least 725 ppm, at least 750 ppm, at least 775 ppm m, at least 800 ppm, at least 825 ppm, at least 850 ppm, at least 875 ppm, at least 900 ppm, at least 925 ppm, at least 950 ppm, at least 975 ppm, at least 1,000 ppm, at least 1,025 ppm, at least 1,050 ppm, at least 1,075 ppm, at least 1,100 ppm, at least 1,125 ppm, at least 1,150 ppm, at least 1,175 ppm, at least 1,200 ppm, at least 1,225 ppm, In yet another aspect of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise phosphate buffer in an amount of at least 1,250 ppm, at least 1,275 ppm, at least 1,300 ppm, at least 1,325 ppm, at least 1,350 ppm, at least 1,375 ppm, at least 1,400 ppm, at least 1,425 ppm, at least 1,450 ppm, at least 1,475 ppm, at least 1,500 ppm, at least 1,600 ppm, at least 1,700 ppm, at least 1,800 ppm, at least 1,900 ppm, or at least 2,000 ppm.0.05ppm, max 0.10ppm, max 0.20ppm, max 0.30ppm, max 0.40ppm, max 0.50ppm, max 0.60ppm, max 0.70ppm, max 0.80ppm, max 0.90ppm, max 1ppm, max 10ppm, max 20ppm, max 30ppm, max 40ppm, max 50ppm, max 60ppm, max 70ppm, max 80ppm, max 90ppm, max 100ppm, max 125ppm, max 150 ppm, max 175ppm, max 200ppm, max 225ppm, max 250ppm, max 275ppm, max 300ppm, max 325ppm, max 350ppm, max 375ppm, max 400ppm, max 425ppm, max 450ppm, max 475ppm, max 500ppm, max 525ppm, max 550ppm, max 575ppm, max 600ppm, max 625ppm, max 650ppm, max 675ppm, max 700 ppm, max 725ppm, max 750ppm, max 775ppm, max 800ppm, max 825ppm, max 850ppm, max 875ppm, max 900ppm, max 925ppm, max 950ppm, max 975ppm, max 1,000ppm, max 1,025ppm, max 1,050ppm, max 1075ppm, max 1,100ppm, max 1,125ppm, max 1,150ppm, max 1,175ppm, max 1,200ppm , maximum 1,225 ppm, maximum 1,250 ppm, maximum 1,275 ppm, maximum 1,300 ppm, maximum 1,325 ppm, maximum 1,350 ppm, maximum 1,375 ppm, maximum 1,400 ppm, maximum 1,425 ppm, maximum 1,450 ppm, maximum 1,475 ppm, maximum 1,500 ppm, maximum 1,600 ppm, maximum 1,700 ppm, maximum 1,800 ppm, maximum 1,900 ppm, or maximum 2,000 ppm of phosphate buffer.

[0122] In yet another aspect of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein may have a CI concentration of, for example, about 0.5 ppm to about 20 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 25 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 30 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 35 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 40 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 45 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 50 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 55 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 60 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 65 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 70 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 75 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 80 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 85 ppm, about 0.5 ppm to about 90 ppm, or about 0.5 ppm to about 95 ppm. , about 0.5ppm to about 100ppm, about 0.75ppm to about 20ppm, about 0.75ppm to about 25ppm, about 0.75ppm to about 30ppm, about 0.7 5ppm ~ approx. 35ppm, approx. 0.75ppm ~ approx. 40ppm, approx. 0.75ppm ~ approx. 45ppm, approx. 0.75ppm ~ approx. 50ppm, approx. 0.75ppm ~ Approximately 55ppm, approximately 0.75ppm to approximately 60ppm, approximately 0.75ppm to approximately 65ppm, approximately 0.75ppm to approximately 70ppm, approximately 0.75ppm to approximately 75pp m, about 0.75ppm to about 80ppm, about 0.75ppm to about 85ppm, about 0.75ppm to about 90ppm, about 0.75ppm to about 95ppm, about 0.75 ppm to about 100 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 20 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 25 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 30 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 35 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 40 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 45 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 50 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 55 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 60 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 65 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 70 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 75 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 8 0 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 85 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 90 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 95 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 100 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 20 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 25 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 30 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 35 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 40 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 45 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 50 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 55 ppm, about 5 ppm to about 60 ppm, about 5 ppm pm ~ about 65ppm, about 5ppm - about 70ppm, about 5ppm - about 75ppm, about 5ppm - about 80ppm, about 5ppm - about 85ppm, about 5ppm - about 90ppm, about 5ppm - about 95ppm, about 5ppm to about 100ppm, about 10ppm to about 20ppm, about 10ppm to about 25ppm, about 10ppm to about 30ppm, about 10ppm to about 35ppm, about 10ppm to about 40ppm, about 10ppm The phosphate buffer solution contains an amount of phosphate buffer of about 10 ppm to about 45 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 50 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 55 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 60 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 65 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 70 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 75 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 80 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 85 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 90 ppm, about 10 ppm to about 95 ppm, or about 10 ppm to about 100 ppm.

[0123] In other aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein may have a CI concentration of, for example, about 1 ppm to about 25 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 50 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 75 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 100 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 125 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 150 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 175 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 200 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 225 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 250 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 275 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 300 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 325 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 350 ppm, about 1 ppm to about 375 ppm, about 1 ppm to about Approximately 400ppm, approximately 1ppm to approximately 425ppm, approximately 1ppm to approximately 450ppm, approximately 1ppm to approximately 475ppm, approximately 1ppm to approximately 500ppm, approximately 5ppm to approximately 25ppm, approximately 5ppm to approximately 50ppm, approximately 5ppm to approximately 75ppm, approximately 5ppm to approximately 100ppm, approximately 5ppm to Approximately 125ppm, approximately 5ppm to approximately 150ppm, approximately 5ppm to approximately 175ppm, approximately 5ppm to approximately 200ppm, approximately 5ppm to approximately 225ppm, approximately 5ppm to approximately 250ppm, approximately 5ppm to approximately 275ppm, approximately 1ppm to approximately 300ppm, approximately 5ppm to approximately 325ppm, approximately 5ppm m ~ about 350ppm, about 5ppm - about 375ppm, about 5ppm - about 400ppm, about 5ppm - about 425ppm, about 5ppm - about 450ppm, about 5ppm - about 475ppm, about 5ppm - about 500ppm, about 10ppm - about 25ppm, about 10ppm - about 50ppm, about 10ppm to about 75ppm, about 10ppm to about 100ppm, about 10ppm to about 125ppm, about 10ppm to about 150ppm, about 10ppm to about 175ppm, about 10ppm to about 200ppm, about 10ppm to about 225ppm, about 10ppm to about 250ppm, about 10ppm ~275ppm, 10ppm~300ppm, 10ppm~325ppm, 10ppm~350ppm, 10ppm~375ppm, 10ppm~400ppm, 10ppm~425ppm, 10ppm~450ppm, 10ppm~4 75ppm, about 10ppm to about 500ppm, about 25ppm to about 50ppm, about 25ppm to about 75ppm, about 25ppm to about 100ppm, about 25ppm to about 125ppm, about 25ppm to about 150ppm, about 25ppm to about 175ppm, about 25ppm to about 200ppm,Approximately 25ppm to approximately 225ppm, approximately 25ppm to approximately 250ppm, approximately 25ppm to approximately 275ppm, approximately 25ppm to approximately 300ppm, approximately 25ppm to approximately 325ppm, approximately 25ppm to approximately 350ppm, approximately 25ppm to approximately 375ppm, approximately 25ppm to approximately 400ppm, approximately 25ppm to approximately 425ppm, approximately 25ppm to approximately 450ppm, approximately 25ppm to approximately 475ppm, approximately 25ppm to approximately 500ppm, approximately 50ppm to approximately 75ppm, approximately 50ppm to approximately 100ppm, approximately 50ppm to approximately 125ppm, approximately 50ppm to approximately 150ppm, approximately 50ppm to approximately 1 75ppm, approximately 50ppm to approximately 200ppm, approximately 50ppm to approximately 225ppm, approximately 50ppm to approximately 250ppm, approximately 50ppm to approximately 275ppm, approximately 50ppm to approximately 300ppm, approximately 50ppm to approximately 325ppm, approximately 50ppm to approximately 350ppm, approximately 50ppm to approximately 375ppm, approximately 50ppm to approximately 400ppm, approximately 50ppm to approximately 425ppm, approximately 50ppm to approximately 450ppm, approximately 50ppm to approximately 475ppm, approximately 50ppm to approximately 500ppm, approximately 75ppm to approximately 100ppm, approximately 75ppm to approximately 125ppm, approximately 75ppm to approximately 150ppm, approximately 7 5ppm to approximately 175ppm, approximately 75ppm to approximately 200ppm, approximately 75ppm to approximately 225ppm, approximately 75ppm to approximately 250ppm, approximately 75ppm to approximately 275ppm, approximately 75ppm to approximately 300ppm, approximately 75ppm to approximately 325ppm, approximately 75ppm to approximately 350ppm, approximately 75ppm to approximately 375ppm, approximately 75ppm to approximately 400ppm, approximately 75ppm to approximately 425ppm, approximately 75ppm to approximately 450ppm, approximately 75ppm to approximately 475ppm, approximately 75ppm to approximately 500ppm, approximately 100ppm to approximately 125ppm, approximately 100ppm to approximately 150ppm, approximately 100ppm~ Approximately 175 ppm, approximately 100 ppm to approximately 200 ppm, approximately 100 ppm to approximately 225 ppm, approximately 100 ppm to approximately 250 ppm, approximately 100 ppm to approximately 275 ppm, approximately 100 ppm to approximately 300 ppm, approximately 100 ppm to approximately 325 ppm, approximately 100 ppm to approximately 350 ppm, approximately 100 ppm to approximately 375 ppm, approximately 100 ppm to approximately 400 ppm, approximately 100 ppm to approximately 425 ppm, approximately 100 ppm to approximately 450 ppm, approximately 100 ppm to approximately 475 ppm, approximately 100 ppm to approximately 500 ppm, approximately 150 ppm to approximately 175 ppm, approximately 150 ppm to approximately 200 ppm,Approximately 150ppm to approximately 225ppm, approximately 150ppm to approximately 250ppm, approximately 150ppm to approximately 275ppm, approximately 150ppm to approximately 300ppm, approximately 150ppm to approximately 325ppm, approximately 150ppm to approximately 350ppm, approximately 150ppm to approximately 375p pm, about 150ppm to about 400ppm, about 150ppm to about 425ppm, about 150ppm to about 450ppm, about 150ppm to about 475ppm, about 150ppm to about 500ppm, about 200ppm to about 225ppm, about 200ppm to about 25 0ppm, about 200ppm to about 275ppm, about 200ppm to about 300ppm, about 200ppm to about 325ppm, about 200ppm to about 350ppm, about 200ppm to about 375ppm, about 200ppm to about 400ppm, about 200ppm to about 425ppm, about 200ppm to about 450ppm, about 200ppm to about 475ppm, about 200ppm to about 500ppm, about 250ppm to about 275ppm, about 250ppm to about 300ppm, about 250ppm to about 325ppm, about 250ppm ~Approx. 350ppm, approx. 250ppm ~ approx. 375ppm, approx. 250ppm ~ approx. 400ppm, approx. 250ppm ~ approx. 425ppm, approx. 250ppm ~ approx. 450ppm, approx. 250ppm ~ approx. pm ~ about 325ppm, about 300ppm - about 350ppm, about 300ppm - about 375ppm, about 300ppm - about 400ppm, about 300ppm - about 425ppm, about 300ppm - about 450ppm, about 300ppm - about 475ppm, about 30 The phosphate buffer solution contains 0 ppm to about 500 ppm, about 350 ppm to about 375 ppm, about 350 ppm to about 400 ppm, about 350 ppm to about 425 ppm, about 350 ppm to about 450 ppm, about 350 ppm to about 475 ppm, about 350 ppm to about 500 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 425 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 450 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 475 ppm, about 400 ppm to about 500 ppm, about 450 ppm to about 475 ppm, or about 450 ppm to about 500 ppm.

[0124] In embodiments, the compositions disclosed herein do not include a phosphate buffer. In embodiments, the compositions disclosed herein do not include a calcium phosphate buffer. In embodiments, the compositions disclosed herein do not include a sodium phosphate buffer.

[0125] The compositions disclosed herein may contain surfactants. Surfactants are compounds that reduce the surface tension of liquids, making them more spreadable and reducing the interfacial tension between two liquids or between a liquid and a solid. By acting at the interface between two surfaces, surfactants adjust the interfacial tension, which leads to the formation of foam. A single surfactant may be mixed with the buffer solution disclosed herein, or multiple surfactants may be mixed with the buffer solution disclosed herein. Useful surfactants include, but are not limited to, ionic surfactants, zwitterionic (amphoteric) surfactants, nonionic surfactants, or any combination thereof. The surfactants used in the compositions disclosed herein can be appropriately modified by those skilled in the art and generally depend in part on the specific buffer used, the protein to be eluted, and the conductivity value employed.

[0126] Ionic surfactants include anionic surfactants. Anionic surfactants include those based on a permanent functional group attached to a head group, such as sulfate, sulfonate, phosphate, or carboxylate, or pH-dependent anionic surfactants. Anionic surfactants include alkyl sulfates such as ammonium lauryl sulfate and sodium lauryl sulfate (SDS), alkyl ether sulfates such as sodium laureth sulfate and sodium myreth sulfate, docusates such as dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate, sulfonic acid fluorosurfactants such as perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorobutane sulfonate, DOWFAX™ 2A1 (lauryl phenyl ether disodium disulfonate), DOWFAX™ 3B2 (decyl phenyl ether disodium disulfonate), DOWFAX™ C10L (decyl phenyl ether disulfonate), DOWFAX™ 2EP, and the like. and DOWFAX™ 8390 (disodium cetyl phenyl ether disulfonate), potassium phosphate polyetheresters such as TRITON™ H-55 and TRITON™ H-66, alkyl benzene sulfonates, alkyl aryl ether phosphates, alkyl ether phosphates, fatty acid salts and alkyl carboxylates such as sodium stearate, carboxylic acid fluorosurfactants such as sodium lauroyl sarcosinate, perfluorononanoate and perfluorooctanoic acid, and sodium hexyl diphenyl ether sulfonate (DOWFAX™ C6L).

[0127] Ionic surfactants also include cationic surfactants.Cationic surfactants include those based on permanent or pH-dependent cationic surfactants, such as primary, secondary or tertiary amines.Cationic surfactants include but are not limited to quaternary ammonium surfactants such as alkyl-trimethylammonium salts and alkyl-benzyldimethylammonium salts, and pH-dependent primary, secondary or tertiary amines, such as surfactants in which primary amines are positively charged above pH 10 or secondary amines are positively charged below pH 4, such as octenidine dihydrochloride.Non-limiting examples of quaternary ammonium surfactants include: C 12~18These include first-generation quaternary ammonium surfactants containing alkyl chains, second-generation quaternary ammonium surfactants containing aromatic ring groups, third-generation quaternary ammonium surfactants containing a mixture of two first-generation quaternary ammonium compounds and / or alkyldimethylammonium chlorides, fourth-generation quaternary ammonium surfactants containing dialkylmethylamino with double chains, fifth-generation quaternary ammonium surfactants containing a synergistic combination of two quaternary ammonium compounds, sixth-generation quaternary ammonium surfactants containing polymeric quaternary ammonium compounds, and seventh-generation quaternary ammonium surfactants containing bis-quaternary ammonium compounds together with polymeric quaternary ammonium compounds. Quaternary ammonium surfactants include benzalkonium chloride (BAC), benzethonium chloride (BZT), benzododecinium bromide (or dimethyldodecylbenzylammonium bromide), bronidox (or 5-bromo-5-nitro-1,3-dioxane), carbetopendecinium bromide, cetalkonium chloride (CKC), cetrimonium, cetrimide, cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC), cetylpyridinium bromide, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB, or cetrimonium bromide), and cetyltrimethylammonium chloride (CTAC, or cetrimonium chloride), didecyldimethylammonium chloride (DDAC), dioctadecyldimethylammonium bromide (DODAB, or dimethyldioctadecylammonium bromide), dioctadecyldimethylammonium chloride (DODAC, or dimethyldioctadecylammonium chloride), docosyltrimethylammonium chloride (DCTAC, or behentrimonium chloride), and dofanium chloride. chloride), domiphen bromide, methylbenzethonium chloride, octenidine dihydrochloride, polidronium chloride, stearalkonium chloride (or dimethylbenzyloctadecylammonium), tetraethylammonium bromide, tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH), and thonzonium bromide.Other useful anionic surfactants include bio-based anionic surfactants, including, but not limited to, STEPONOL® AM 30-KE, which is ammonium lauryl sulfate, and STEPONOL® EHS, which is sodium 2-ethylhexyl sulfate. Such bio-based surfactants are anionic biological surfactants derived from organic matter, such as plants, rather than synthetic molecules.

[0128] Zwitterionic surfactants are based on primary, secondary, or tertiary amines, including sulfonates, carboxylates, or phosphates, or quaternary ammonium cations. Zwitterionic surfactants include, but are not limited to, 3-[(3-cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonio]-1-propanesulfonate (CHAPS); sultaines, such as cocoamidopropyl hydroxysultaine; betaines, such as cocoamidopropyl betaine; or lecithin.

[0129] Nonionic surfactants are less denaturing and therefore useful for solubilizing membrane proteins and lipids while preserving protein-protein interactions. Nonionic surfactants include polyether nonionic surfactants, polyhydroxyl nonionic surfactants, and biosurfactants. Nonionic surfactants include alcohol ethoxylates, alkylphenol ethoxylates, phenol ethoxylates, amide ethoxylates, glyceride ethoxylates, fatty acid ethoxylates, fatty amine ethoxylates, and polyethoxylated tallow amine (POEA). Other useful nonionic surfactants include bio-based nonionic surfactants, including, but not limited to, unsaturated short-chain amide metathesis-derived nonionic surfactants such as STEPOSOL® MET-10U. Such bio-based surfactants are nonionic biosurfactants derived from organic sources, such as plants, rather than synthetic molecules.

[0130] Non-limiting examples of surfactants include polyoxyethylene glycol sorbitan alkyl esters (or ethoxylated sorbital esters), such as polysorbate 20 sorbitan monooleate (TWEEN® 20), polysorbate 40 sorbitan monooleate (TWEEN® 40), polysorbate 60 sorbitan monooleate (TWEEN® 60), polysorbate 61 sorbitan monooleate (TWEEN® 61), polysorbate 65 sorbitan monooleate (TWEEN® 65), polysorbate 80 sorbitan monooleate (TWEEN® 80), polysorbate 81 sorbitan monooleate (TWEEN® 81), and the like. Polysorbate 85 sorbitan monooleate (TWEEN® 85); sorbital esters such as sorbitan monooleate, sorbitan monolaurate, sorbitan monopalmitate, sorbitan monostearate, and sorbitan tristearate; polyglycerol esters such as glycerol monooleate, glycerol monolaurate, glycerol monopalmitate, glycerol monostearate, glycerol trioleate, glycerol ricinoleate, glycerol tristearate, monodiglycerides, and glycerol triacetate; ethoxylated polyglycerol esters; alkyl glucosides such as arachidyl glucoside, C 12-20Alkyl glucosides, caprylyl / capryl glucoside, cetearyl glucoside, coco-glucoside, ethyl glucoside, and lauryl glucoside, decyl glucoside; ethoxylated alkyl glucosides; sucrose esters, such as sucrose monooleate, sucrose monolaurate, sucrose monopalmitate, sucrose monostearate, sucrose trioleate, sucrose ricinoleate, sucrose tristearate, sucrose diglyceride, and sucrose triacetate Ethoxylated sucrose esters; Amine oxides; Ethoxylated alcohols; Ethoxylated fatty alcohols; Alkylamines; Ethoxylated alkylamines; Ethoxylated alkylphenols, such as ethoxylated nonylphenol and ethoxylated octylphenol; Alkyl polysaccharides; Ethoxylated alkyl polysaccharides; Ethoxylated fatty acids, such as ethoxylated castor oil; Ethoxylated fatty alcohols, such as ethoxylated ceto-oleyl alcohol, ethoxylated ceto-stearyl alcohol, ethoxylated decyl alcohol, ethoxylated silyl dodecyl alcohol, and ethoxylated tridecyl alcohol; ethoxylated fatty amines; poloxamers (polyethylene-polypropylene copolymers), such as poloxamer 124 (PLURONIC® L44), poloxamer 181 (PLURONIC® L61), poloxamer 182 (PLURONIC® L62), poloxamer 184 (PLURONIC® L64), poloxamer 188 (PLURONIC® F68), poloxamer 237 (PLURONIC® F8), 7), poloxamer 338 (PLURONIC® L108), and poloxamer 407 (PLURONIC® F127); linear secondary alcohol ethoxylates, such as TERGITOL™ 15-S-5, TERGITOL™ 15-S-7, TERGITOL™ 15-S-9, TERGITOL™ 15-S-12, TERGITOL™ 15-S-15, TERGITOL™ 15-S-20, TERGITOL™ 15-S-30, and TERGITOL™ 15-S-40;Alkylphenol polyglycol ethers; polyethylene glycol alkylaryl ethers; polyoxyethylene glycol alkyl ethers, such as octaethylene glycol monododecyl ether, pentaethylene glycol monododecyl ether, BRIJ® 30, and BRIJ® 35; 2-dodecoxyethanol (LUBROL®-PX); polyoxyethylene glycol octylphenol ethers, such as polyoxyethylene (4-5) pt-octylphenol (TRITON® X-45), and polyoxyethylene octylphenyl ether (TRITON® X-100); polyoxyethylene glycol alkylphenol ethers, such as nonoxynol 9; phenoxypolyethoxyethanol, such as For example, nonylphenoxypolyethoxylethanol, and octylphenoxypolyethoxylethanol (IGEPAL® CA-630 or NONIDET® P-40); glucoside alkyl ethers such as octyl glucopyranoside; maltoside alkyl ethers such as dodecyl maltopyranoside; thioglucoside alkyl ethers such as heptyl thioglucopyranoside; digitonin; glycerol alkyl esters such as glyceryl laurate; alkylaryl polyether sulfates; alcohol sulfonates; sorbitan alkyl esters; cocamide ethanolamines such as cocamide monoethanolamine and cocamide diethanolamine; sucrose monolaurate; dodecyldimethylamine oxide, and sodium cholate. Other non-limiting examples of surfactants useful in the methods disclosed herein are described, for example, in Winslow, et al., Methods and Compositions for Simultaneously Isolating Hemoglobin from Red Blood Cells and Inactivating Viruses, US 2008 / 0138790;Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms and Drug Delivery Systems (Howard C. Ansel et al., eds., Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Publishers, 7th ed. 1999); Remington: The Science and Practice of Pharmacy (Alfonso R. Gennaro ed., Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins, 20th ed. 2000); Goodman & Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics (Joel G. Hardman et al., eds., McGraw-Hill Professional, 10th ed. 2001); and Handbook of Pharmaceutical Excipients (Raymond C. Rowe et al., APhA Publications, 4th edition 2003), each of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

[0131] In one embodiment, a single surfactant is present in the compositions disclosed herein. In another embodiment, multiple surfactants are present in the compositions disclosed herein. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein include, for example, one or more surfactants, two or more surfactants, three or more surfactants, four or more surfactants, or five or more surfactants. In other aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein include, for example, only one surfactant, up to two surfactants, up to three surfactants, up to four surfactants, or up to five surfactants. In yet other aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein include, for example, 1-2 surfactants, 1-3 surfactants, 1-4 surfactants, 1-5 surfactants, 2-3 surfactants, 2-4 surfactants, 2-5 surfactants, 3-4 surfactants, 3-5 surfactants, or 4-5 surfactants.

[0132] Any amount of the surfactant disclosed herein may be used, provided that it is an amount useful for carrying out the methods disclosed herein. For example, when a composition containing a surfactant is formulated to be used in an undiluted state, the amount of surfactant used is a microbistatically effective amount. A microbistatically effective amount of surfactant is an amount that inhibits, inhibits, or otherwise prevents the growth of a microbial population without eradicating the microorganisms. In aspects of this embodiment, a microbistatically effective amount of surfactant is an amount that inhibits, inhibits, or otherwise prevents the growth of a microbial population without eradicating the microorganisms to the extent that disinfection or sterilization is achieved. Alternatively, when a composition containing a surfactant is formulated to be used in a manner that requires dilution, the amount of surfactant used in such a concentrated formulation may be any amount that does not cause precipitation of components in the compositions disclosed herein or otherwise produce undesirable effects that render the composition unusable.

[0133] In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise a surfactant in an amount of, for example, about 0.001%, about 0.005%, about 0.0075%, about 0.01%, about 0.05%, about 0.075%, about 0.1%, about 0.2%, about 0.3%, about 0.4%, about 0.5%, about 0.6%, about 0.7%, about 0.8%, about 0.9%, about 1.0%, about 1.5%, about 2.0%, about 2.5%, about 3.0%, about 4.0%, about 5.0%, about 6.0%, about 7.0%, about 7.5%, about 8.0%, about 9.0%, or about 10.0% by weight of the composition. In other aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise a surfactant in an amount, e.g., at least 0.001%, at least 0.005%, at least 0.0075%, at least 0.01%, at least 0.05%, at least 0.075%, at least 0.1%, at least 0.25%, at least 0.5%, at least 0.75%, at least 1.0%, at least 1.5%, at least 2.0%, at least 2.5%, at least 3.0%, at least 4.0%, at least 5.0%, at least 6.0%, at least 7.0%, at least 7.5%, at least 8.0%, at least 9.0%, or at least 10.0% by weight of the composition. In still other aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise a surfactant in an amount, e.g., by weight of the composition, of at most 0.001%, at most 0.005%, at most 0.0075%, at most 0.01%, at most 0.05%, at most 0.075%, at most 0.1%, at most 0.25%, at most 0.5%, at most 0.75%, at most 1.0%, at most 1.5%, at most 2.0%, at most 2.5%, at most 3.0%, at most 4.0%, at most 5.0%, at most 6.0%, at most 7.5%, at most 8.0%, at most 9.0%, or at most 10.0%.

[0134] In yet another aspect of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein may comprise, for example, from about 0.001% to about 0.005%, from about 0.001% to about 0.0075%, from about 0.001% to about 0.01%, from about 0.001% to about 0.025%, from about 0.001% to about 0.05%, from about 0.001% to about 0.075%, from about 0.001% to about 0.1%, from about 0.001% to about 0.25%, from about 0.001% to about 0.75%, from about 0.001% to about 1.0%, from about 0.005% to about 0.007% by weight of the composition. 5% by weight, about 0.005% to about 0.01% by weight, about 0.005% to about 0.025% by weight, about 0.005% to about 0.05% by weight, about 0.005% to about 0.075% by weight, about 0.005% to about 0.1% by weight, about 0.005% to about 0.25% by weight, about 0.00 5% by weight to about 0.75% by weight, about 0.005% to about 1.0% by weight, about 0.01% to about 0.05% by weight, about 0.01% to about 0.075% by weight, about 0.01% to about 0.1% by weight, about 0.01% to about 0.25% by weight, about 0.01% to about 0.5% by weight, about 0.0 1% to about 0.75% by weight, about 0.01% to about 1.0% by weight, about 0.01% to about 1.5% by weight, about 0.01% to about 2.0% by weight, about 0.01% to about 2.5% by weight, about 0.05% to about 0.075% by weight, about 0.05% to about 0.1% by weight, about 0.05% by weight % to about 0.25% by weight, about 0.05% to about 0.5% by weight, about 0.05% to about 0.75% by weight, about 0.05% to about 1.0% by weight, about 0.05% to about 1.5% by weight, about 0.05% to about 2.0% by weight, about 0.05% to about 2.5% by weight, about 0.1% to about 0. 5% by weight, about 0.1% to about 0.75% by weight, about 0.1% to about 1.0% by weight, about 0.1% to about 1.5% by weight, about 0.1% to about 2.0% by weight, about 0.1% to about 2.5% by weight, about 0.1% to about 3.0% by weight, about 0.1% to about 4.0% by weight, about 0.1% by weight ~5.0% by weight, approximately 0.2% by weight ~ approximately 0.5% by weight, approximately 0.2% by weight ~ approximately 0.75% by weight, approximately 0.2% by weight ~ approximately 1.0% by weight, approximately 0.2% by weight ~ approximately 1.5% by weight, approximately 0.2% by weight ~ approximately 2.0% by weight, approximately 0.2% by weight ~ approximately 2.5% by weight, approximately 0.2% by weight ~ approximately 3.0% by weight, approximately 0.2% to about 4.0% by weight, about 0.2% to about 5.0% by weight, about 0.5% to about 1.0% by weight, about 0.5% to about 1.5% by weight, about 0.5% to about 2.0% by weight, about 0.5% to about 2.5% by weight, about 0.5% to about 3.0% by weight, about 0.5 Weight% to about 4.0% by weight, about 0.5% to about 5.0% by weight, about 0.5% to about 6.0% by weight, about 0.5% to about 7.0% by weight, about 0.5% to about 8.0% by weight, about 0.5% to about 9.0% by weight, about 0.5% to about 10.0% by weight, about 1.0 Weight%~about 2.5 weight%, about 1.0 weight%~about 3.0 weight%, about 1.0 weight%~about 4.0 weight%, about 1.0 weight%~about 5.0 weight%, about 1.0 weight%~about 6.0 weight%, about 1.0 weight%~about 7.0 weight%, about 1.0 weight%~about 7.5 weight%, about 1.0 weight% Amount %~about 8.0 weight%, about 1.0 weight%~about 9.0 weight%, about 1.0 weight%~about 10.0 weight%, about 2.0 weight%~about 2.5 weight%, about 2.0 weight%~about 3.0 weight%, about 2.0 weight%~about 4.0 weight%, about 2.0 weight%~about 5.0 weight%, about 2.0 weight% %~about 6.0 weight%, about 2.0 weight%~about 7.0 weight%, about 2.0 weight%~about 7.5 weight%, about 2.0 weight%~about 8.0 weight%, about 2.0 weight%~about 9.0 weight%, about 2.0 weight%~about 10.0 weight%, about 5.0 weight%~about 6.0 weight%, about 5.0 weight% %~about 7.0 weight%, about 5.0 weight%~about 7.5 weight%, about 5.0 weight%~about 8.0 weight%, about 5.0 weight%~about 9.0 weight%, about 5.0 weight%~about 10.0 weight%, about 5.0 weight%~about 11.0 weight%, about 5.0 weight%~about 12.0 weight%, about 5.0 The surfactant may be present in an amount of about 13.0% by weight, about 5.0% by weight to about 14.0% by weight, about 5.0% by weight to about 15.0% by weight, about 6.0% by weight to about 7.0% by weight, about 6.0% by weight to about 7.5% by weight, about 6.0% by weight to about 8.0% by weight, about 6.0% by weight to about 9.0% by weight, about 6.0% by weight to about 10.0% by weight, about 6.0% by weight to about 11.0% by weight, about 6.0% by weight to about 12.0% by weight, about 6.0% by weight to about 13.0% by weight, about 6.0% by weight to about 14.0% by weight, or about 6.0% by weight to about 15.0% by weight.

[0135] In another embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein do not comprise a surfactant.

[0136] The compositions disclosed herein may include a carrier. The carrier may be any substance commonly known in the fields of skin care, cosmetics, and medicine that is used as a base for formulating the compositions disclosed herein. The carrier may be an aqueous carrier, a semi-solid carrier, or a solid carrier. The carrier may also provide skin care benefits as disclosed herein. The term "carrier" encompasses terms such as a pharmacologically acceptable vehicle, stabilizer, diluent, additive, auxiliary, or excipient that has substantially no long-term or permanent adverse effects when administered. Such carriers are generally capable of mixing with one or more active compounds or diluting or encapsulating one or more active compounds, and may be solid, semi-solid, or liquid. It is understood that one or more active ingredients may be soluble in the desired carrier or diluent or may be delivered as a suspension in the desired carrier or diluent. Carriers include, but are not limited to, water, vegetable oil, mineral oil, ester oil, ether, alcohol, fatty alcohol, isoparaffin, hydrocarbon oil, polyol, and wax. Non-limiting examples of ester oils include octal palmitate, isopropyl myristate, and isopropyl palmitate. Non-limiting examples of ethers include dicapryl ether and dimethyl isosorbide. Non-limiting examples of alcohols include ethanol and isopropanol. Non-limiting examples of fatty alcohols include cetyl alcohol, cetearyl alcohol, stearyl alcohol, and behenyl alcohol. Non-limiting examples of isoparaffins include isooctane, isododecane (IDD), and isohexadecane. Non-limiting examples of hydrocarbon oils include mineral oil, petrolatum, isoeicosane, and polyolefins including (hydrogenated) polyisobutene. Non-limiting examples of polyols include propylene glycol, glycerin, butylene glycol, pentylene glycol, hexylene glycol, and caprylyl glycol. Non-limiting examples of waxes include beeswax, carnauba wax, ozokerite, microcrystalline wax, polyethylene wax, and vegetable wax.

[0137] In one embodiment, a single carrier is present in the compositions disclosed herein. In another embodiment, multiple carriers are present in the compositions disclosed herein. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein include, for example, one or more carriers, two or more carriers, three or more carriers, four or more carriers, or five or more carriers. In other aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein include, for example, only one carrier, up to two carriers, up to three carriers, up to four carriers, or up to five carriers. In yet other aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein include, for example, one to two carriers, one to three carriers, one to four carriers, one to five carriers, two to three carriers, two to four carriers, two to five carriers, three to four carriers, three to five carriers, or four to five carriers.

[0138] In another embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein include a carrier in an amount that provides the composition with the desired formulation or beneficial effect. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein include a carrier in an amount of, for example, at least 5%, at least 10%, at least 15%, at least 20%, at least 25%, at least 30%, at least 35%, at least 40%, at least 45%, at least 50%, at least 55%, at least 60%, at least 65%, at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99% by weight of the composition. In other aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein include a carrier in an amount, for example, up to 5%, up to 10%, up to 15%, up to 20%, up to 25%, up to 30%, up to 35%, up to 40%, up to 45%, up to 50%, up to 55%, up to 60%, up to 65%, up to 70%, up to 75%, up to 80%, up to 85%, up to 90%, up to 95%, up to 96%, up to 97%, up to 98%, or up to 99% by weight of the composition.In yet another aspect of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein may comprise, for example, about 5% to about 25% by weight of the composition, about 5% to about 50% by weight, about 5% to about 75% by weight, about 5% to about 90% by weight, about 5% to about 95% by weight, about 5% to about 96% by weight, about 5% to about 97% by weight, about 5% to about 98% by weight, about 5% to about 99% by weight, about 25% to about 50% by weight, about 25% to about 75% by weight, about 25% to about 9 ... Weight% to about 90% by weight, about 25% to about 95% by weight, about 25% to about 96% by weight, about 25% to about 97% by weight, about 25% to about 98% by weight, about 25% to about 99% by weight, about 50% to about 75% by weight , about 50% to about 90% by weight, about 50% to about 95% by weight, about 50% to about 96% by weight, about 50% to about 97% by weight, about 50% to about 98% by weight, about 50% to about 99% by weight, about 75% to about 80% by weight Weight%, about 75% to about 85% by weight, about 75% to about 90% by weight, about 75% to about 95% by weight, about 75% to about 96% by weight, about 75% to about 97% by weight, about 75% to about 98% by weight, about 75% by weight ~99% by weight, approximately 80% by weight ~ approximately 85% by weight, approximately 80% by weight ~ approximately 90% by weight, approximately 80% by weight ~ approximately 95% by weight, approximately 80% by weight ~ approximately 96% by weight, approximately 80% by weight ~ approximately 97% by weight, approximately 80% by weight ~ approximately 98% by weight, approximately 80 % to about 99% by weight, about 85% to about 90% by weight, about 85% to about 95% by weight, about 85% to about 96% by weight, about 85% to about 97% by weight, about 85% to about 98% by weight, about 85% to about 99% by weight, about 90% to about 95% by weight, about 90% to about 96% by weight, about 90% to about 97% by weight, about 90% to about 98% by weight, about 90% to about 99% by weight, or about 95% to about 99% by weight of the carrier.

[0139] In another embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein include a carrier that is not an alcohol. In an aspect of this embodiment, when the compositions disclosed herein include hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine, the compositions may include a carrier that is not an alcohol.

[0140] The composition disclosed herein can optionally further comprise additional components.The additional components are known to be useful in completing the composition disclosed herein.The additional components include, but are not limited to, buffers, hydrophilic clays, disinfectants, antiseptics, preservatives, or chelating agents.The additional components disclosed herein are known in the art.

[0141] Various buffers and pH adjusting means can be used to prepare the microbistatic compositions disclosed herein, provided that the resulting preparation is pharmacologically acceptable.Such buffers include, but are not limited to, acetate buffer, citrate buffer, phosphate buffer, neutral buffered saline, phosphate buffered saline, and borate buffer.It is understood that acids or bases can be used to adjust the pH of the composition as needed.Additionally acceptable antioxidants include, but are not limited to, sodium metabisulfite, sodium thiosulfate, acetylcysteine, butylhydroxyanisole, and butylhydroxytoluene.

[0142] Hydrophilic clays are synthetic or naturally occurring smectite clays that form three-dimensional colloidal structures upon addition of water, resulting in increased viscosity and improved suspension control in the composition. Hydrophilic clays include hydrated phyllosilicate clays. Hydrophilic clays may be thixotropic. Non-limiting examples of hydrophilic clays include bentonite clay, hectorite clay, kaolinite clay, and silicate clay. Bentonite clays are phyllosilicate clays, including, but not limited to, potassium bentonite clay, sodium bentonite clay, calcium bentonite clay, and aluminum bentonite clay. Hectorite clays are phyllosilicate clays, including those commercially available in the BENTONE® product line, which includes hectorite clay (BENTONE® EW), hectorite clay (BENTONE® MA), and hectorite clay and hydroxyethyl cellulose (BENTONE® LT). Kaolinite clay is a phyllosilicate clay. Silicate clays are synthetic layered silicate clays, including those commercially available in the LAPONITE® product line, which includes lithium magnesium sodium silicate (LAPONITE® XLG), lithium magnesium sodium silicate and tetrasodium pyrophosphate (LAPONITE® XLS), magnesium sodium fluorosilicate (LAPONITE® XL), and magnesium sodium fluorosilicate (LAPONITE® XL21).

[0143] In one embodiment, a single hydrophilic clay is present in the compositions disclosed herein. In another embodiment, multiple hydrophilic clays are present in the compositions disclosed herein. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein include, for example, one or more hydrophilic clays, two or more hydrophilic clays, three or more hydrophilic clays, four or more hydrophilic clays, or five or more hydrophilic clays. In other aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein include, for example, only one hydrophilic clay, up to two hydrophilic clays, up to three hydrophilic clays, up to four hydrophilic clays, or up to five hydrophilic clays. In yet other aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein include, for example, 1-2 hydrophilic clays, 1-3 hydrophilic clays, 1-4 hydrophilic clays, 1-5 hydrophilic clays, 2-3 hydrophilic clays, 2-4 hydrophilic clays, 2-5 hydrophilic clays, 3-4 hydrophilic clays, 3-5 hydrophilic clays, or 4-5 hydrophilic clays.

[0144] In another embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise a hydrophilic clay in an amount that provides the desired beneficial effect to the compositions disclosed herein. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise, for example, 0.01%, 0.025%, 0.05%, 0.075%, 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.25%, 0.3%, 0.4%, 0.5%, 0.6%, 0.7%, 0.75%, 0.8%, 0.9%, 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, or 10% by weight of the composition. In other aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise a hydrophilic clay in an amount, for example, at least 0.01%, at least 0.025%, at least 0.05%, at least 0.075%, at least 0.1%, at least 0.25%, at least 0.5%, at least 0.75%, at least 1%, at least 2%, at least 3%, at least 4%, at least 5%, at least 6%, at least 7%, at least 8%, at least 9%, or at least 10% by weight of the composition. In still other aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise a hydrophilic clay in an amount, e.g., at most 0.01%, at most 0.025%, at most 0.05%, at most 0.075%, at most 0.1%, at most 0.25%, at most 0.5%, at most 0.75%, at most 1%, at most 2%, at most 3%, at most 4%, at most 5%, at most 6%, at most 7%, at most 8%, at most 9%, or at most 10% by weight of the composition.

[0145] In yet other aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein may comprise, for example, from about 0.01% to about 0.05%, 0.01% to about 0.075%, from about 0.01% to about 0.1%, from about 0.1% to about 0.5%, from about 0.1% to about 0.75%, from about 0.1% to about 1%, from about 0.1% to about 2%, from about 0.1% to about 3%, from about 0.1% to about 4%, from about 0.1% to about 5%, from about 0.1% to about 6%, from about 0.1% to about 7%, from about 0.1% to about 8%, from about 0.1% to about 9%, from about 0.1% to about 10%, from about 0.1% to about 11%, from about 0.1% to about 12%, from about 0.1% to about 13%, from about 0.1% to about 14%, from about 0.1% to about 15%, from about 0.1% to about 16%, from about 0.1% to about 18%, from about 0.1% to about 19%, from about 0.1% to about 20%, from about 0.1% to about 22%, from about 0.1% to about 23%, from about 0.1% to about 25%, from about 0.1% to about 28%, from about 0.1% to about 29%, from about 0.1% to about 30%, from about 0.1% to about 31%, from about 0.1% to about 29%, from about 0.1% to about 29%, from about 0.1% to about 29%, from about 0.1% to about 20%, from about 0.1% to about 21%, from about 0.1% to about 22%, from about 0.1% to about 2 Weight % to about 5 weight %, about 0.1 weight % to about 6 weight %, about 0.1 weight % to about 7 weight %, about 0.1 weight % to about 8 weight %, about 0.1 weight % to about 9 weight %, about 0.1 weight % to about 10 weight %, about 0.25 weight % to about 0.5 Weight%, about 0.25% to about 0.75% by weight, about 0.25% to about 1% by weight, about 0.25% to about 2% by weight, about 0.25% to about 3% by weight, about 0.25% to about 4% by weight, about 0.25% to about 5% by weight Amount%, about 0.25% to about 6% by weight, about 0.25% to about 7% by weight, about 0.25% to about 8% by weight, about 0.25% to about 9% by weight, about 0.25% to about 10% by weight, about 0.5% to about 0.75% by weight Amount%, about 0.5% to about 1% by weight, about 0.5% to about 2% by weight, about 0.5% to about 3% by weight, about 0.5% to about 4% by weight, about 0.5% to about 5% by weight, about 0.5% to about 6% by weight, about 0.5% by weight ~7% by weight, approximately 0.5% by weight ~ approximately 8% by weight, approximately 0.5% by weight ~ approximately 9% by weight, approximately 0.5% by weight ~ approximately 10% by weight, approximately 0.75% by weight ~ approximately 1% by weight, approximately 0.75% by weight ~ approximately 2% by weight, approximately 0.75% by weight ~ approximately 3% by weight , about 0.75% to about 4% by weight, about 0.75% to about 5% by weight, about 0.75% to about 6% by weight, about 0.75% to about 7% by weight, about 0.75% to about 8% by weight, about 0.75% to about 9% by weight, about 0.75% to about 10% by weight, about 1% to about 2% by weight, about 1% to about 3% by weight, about 1% to about 4% by weight, about 1% to about 5% by weight, about 1% to about 6% by weight %, about 1% to about 7% by weight, about 1% to about 8% by weight, about 1% to about 9% by weight, about 1% to about 10% by weight, about 2% to about 3% by weight, about 2% to about 4% by weight Amount%, about 2% to about 5%, about 2% to about 6%, about 2% to about 7%, about 2% to about 8%, about 2% to about 9%, about 2% to about 10 Weight%, about 3% to about 4% by weight, about 3% to about 5% by weight, about 3% to about 6% by weight, about 3% to about 7% by weight, about 3% to about 8% by weight, about 3% to about 9% by weight The hydrophilic clay may comprise about 3% by weight to about 10% by weight, about 4% by weight to about 5% by weight, about 4% by weight to about 6% by weight, about 4% by weight to about 7% by weight, about 4% by weight to about 8% by weight, about 4% by weight to about 9% by weight, about 4% by weight to about 10% by weight, about 5% by weight to about 6% by weight, about 5% by weight to about 7% by weight, about 5% by weight to about 8% by weight, about 5% by weight to about 9% by weight, about 5% by weight to about 10% by weight, about 6% by weight to about 7% by weight, about 6% by weight to about 8% by weight, about 6% by weight to about 9% by weight, about 6% by weight to about 10% by weight, about 7% by weight to about 8% by weight, about 7% by weight to about 9% by weight, about 7% by weight to about 10% by weight, about 8% by weight to about 9% by weight, about 8% by weight to about 10% by weight, or about 9% by weight to about 10% by weight.

[0146] In another embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise an amount of silicate clay that provides the desired beneficial effects of the compositions disclosed herein. In aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise, for example, 0.001%, 0.0025%, 0.005%, 0.0075%, 0.01%, 0.025%, 0.05%, 0.075%, 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.25%, 0.3%, 0.4%, 0.5%, 0.6%, 0.7%, 0.75%, 0.8%, 0.9%, 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, or 10% by weight of the composition. In other aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise silicate clay in an amount, for example, at least 0.001%, at least 0.0025%, at least 0.005%, at least 0.0075%, at least 0.01%, at least 0.025%, at least 0.05%, at least 0.075%, at least 0.1%, at least 0.25%, at least 0.5%, at least 0.75%, at least 1%, at least 2%, at least 3%, at least 4%, at least 5%, at least 6%, at least 7%, at least 8%, at least 9%, or at least 10% by weight of the composition. In still other aspects of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein comprise silicate clay in an amount, e.g., at most 0.001%, at most 0.0025%, at most 0.005%, at most 0.0075%, at most 0.01%, at most 0.025%, at most 0.05%, at most 0.075%, at most 0.1%, at most 0.25%, at most 0.5%, at most 0.75%, at most 1%, at most 2%, at most 3%, at most 4%, at most 5%, at most 6%, at most 7%, at most 8%, at most 9%, or at most 10% by weight of the composition.

[0147] In yet another aspect of this embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein may comprise, for example, from about 0.001% to about 0.005% by weight of the composition, 0.001% to about 0.0075% by weight, from about 0.001% to about 0.01% by weight, from about 0.001% to about 0.05% by weight, from about 0.001% to about 0.075% by weight, from about 0.001% to about 0.1% by weight, from about 0.001% to about 0.25% by weight, from about 0.001% to about 0.5% by weight, from about 0.001% to about 0.75% by weight, from about 0.005% to about 0.0075% by weight, from about 0.005% to about 0.01% by weight Amount%, about 0.005 wt% to about 0.05 wt%, about 0.005 wt% to about 0.075 wt%, about 0.005 wt% to about 0.1 wt%, about 0.005 wt% to about 0.25 wt%, about 0.005 wt% to about 0.5 wt%, about 0.005 wt% to about 0.75 wt%, about 0.01 wt% About 0.05 weight%, 0.01 weight% to about 0.075 weight%, about 0.01 weight% to about 0.1 weight%, about 0.1 weight% to about 0.5 weight%, about 0.1 weight% to about 0.75 weight%, about 0.1 weight% to about 1 weight%, about 0.1 weight% to about 2 weight%, about 0.1 weight% to about 3 weight%, about 0.1 weight% % to about 4% by weight, about 0.1% to about 5% by weight, about 0.1% to about 6% by weight, about 0.1% to about 7% by weight, about 0.1% to about 8% by weight, about 0.1% to about 9% by weight, about 0.1% to about 10% by weight, about 0.25% to about 0.5% by weight, about 0.25% to about 0.75% by weight Amount %, about 0.25% to about 1% by weight, about 0.25% to about 2% by weight, about 0.25% to about 3% by weight, about 0.25% to about 4% by weight, about 0.25% to about 5% by weight, about 0.25% to about 6% by weight, about 0.25% to about 7% by weight, about 0.25% to about 8% by weight, about 0 .25% to about 9% by weight, about 0.25% to about 10% by weight, about 0.5% to about 0.75% by weight, about 0.5% to about 1% by weight, about 0.5% to about 2% by weight, about 0.5% to about 3% by weight, about 0.5% to about 4% by weight, about 0.5% to about 5% by weight, about 0.5% to about 6% by weight, about 0.5% to about 7% by weight, about 0.5% to about 8% by weight, about 0.5% to about 9% by weight, about 0.5% to about 10% by weight, about 0.75% to about 1% by weight, about 0.75% to about 2% by weight, about 0.75% to about 3% by weight, about 0.75% to about 4% by weight, about 0.75% to about 5% by weight, about 0.75% to about 6% by weight, about 0.75% to about 7% by weight, about 0.75% to about 8% by weight, about 0.75% to about 9% by weight, about 0.75% by weight About 10% by weight, about 1% to about 2% by weight, about 1% to about 3% by weight, about 1% to about 4% by weight, about 1% to about 5% by weight, about 1% to about 6% by weight, about 1% to about 7% by weight, about 1 Weight% to about 8% by weight, about 1% to about 9% by weight, about 1% to about 10% by weight, about 2% to about 3% by weight, about 2% to about 4% by weight, about 2% to about 5% by weight, about 2% to about 6% by weight %, about 2% to about 7% by weight, about 2% to about 8% by weight, about 2% to about 9% by weight, about 2% to about 10% by weight, about 3% to about 4% by weight, about 3% to about 5% by weight, about 3% to about 5% by weight 6% by weight, about 3% to about 7% by weight, about 3% to about 8% by weight, about 3% to about 9% by weight, about 3% to about 10% by weight, about 4% to about 5% by weight, about 4% to about 6% by weight, about 4% Amount% to about 7% by weight, about 4% to about 8% by weight, about 4% to about 9% by weight, about 4% to about 10% by weight, about 5% to about 6% by weight, about 5% to about 7% by weight, about 5% to about 8% by weight, The silicate clay may comprise an amount of about 5% to about 9% by weight, about 5% to about 10% by weight, about 6% to about 7% by weight, about 6% to about 8% by weight, about 6% to about 9% by weight, about 6% to about 10% by weight, about 7% to about 8% by weight, about 7% to about 9% by weight, about 7% to about 10% by weight, about 8% to about 9% by weight, about 8% to about 10% by weight, or about 9% to about 10% by weight.

[0148] Preservatives preserve the stability of the compositions disclosed herein. Preservatives can also prevent the growth of microorganisms in the compositions disclosed herein. Non-limiting examples of preservatives include methylparaben, phenoxyethanol, capryl glycol, glyceryl caprylate, benzoic acid, sorbic acid, gallic acid, and propylparaben.

[0149] The compositions disclosed herein can be adjusted to any pH that allows the compositions disclosed herein to achieve the desired beneficial effects.In some aspects of this embodiment, the pH of the compositions disclosed herein is, for example, at least 2, at least 3, at least 4, at least 5, at least 6, at least 7, at least 8, at least 9, at least 10, or at least 11.In other aspects of this embodiment, the pH of the compositions disclosed herein is, for example, at most 2, at most 3, at most 4, at most 5, at most 6, at most 7, at most 8, at most 9, at most 10, or at most 11.

[0150] In yet another aspect of this embodiment, the pH of the compositions disclosed herein may be, for example, about 2 to about 5, about 2 to about 5.5, about 2 to about 6, about 2 to about 6.5, about 2 to about 7, about 2 to about 7.5, about 2 to about 8, about 2 to about 8.5, about 2 to about 9, about 2.5 to about 5, about 2.5 to about 5.5, about 2.5 to about 6, about 2.5 to about 6.5, about 2.5 to about 7, about 2.5 to about 7.5, about 2.5 to about 8, about 2.5 to about 8.5, about 2.5 to about 9, about 3 to about 5, about 3 to about 5.5, about 3 to about 6, about 3 to about 6.5, about 3 to about 7, about 3 to about 7.5, about 3 to about 8, about 3 to about 8.5, about 3 to about 9, about 3.5 to about 5, about 3.5 to about 5.5, about 3.5 to about 6, about 3.5 to about 6.5, about 3.5 to about 7, about 3.5 to about 7.5, about 3.5 to about 8, about 3.5 to about 8.5, about 3.5 to about 9, about 4 to about 5, about 4 to about 5.5, about 4 to about 6, about 4 to about 6.5, about 4 to about 7, about 4 to about 7.5, about 4 to about 8, about 4 to about 8.5, about 4 to about 9, about 4.5 to about 5, about 4.5 to about 5.5, about 4.5 to about 6, about 4.5 to about 6.5, about 4.5 to about 7, about 4.5 to about 7.5, about 4.5 to about 8, about 4.5 to about 8.5, about 4.5 to about 9, about 5 to about 5.5, about 5 to about 6, about 5 to about 6.5, about 5 to about 7, about 5 to about 7.5, about 5 to about 8, about 5 to about 8.5, about 5 to about 9, about 5.5 to about 6, about 5.5 to about 6.5, about 5.5 to about 7, about 5.5 to about 7.5, about 5.5 to about 8, about 5.5 to about 8.5, about 5.5 to about 9, about 6 to about 6.5, about 6 to about 7, about 6 to about 7.5, about 6 to about 8, about 6 to about 8.5, about 6 to about 9, about 6.5 to about 7, about 6.5 to about 7.5, about 6.5 to about 8, about 6.5 to about 8.5, about 6.5 to about 9, about 7 to about 7.5, about 7 to about 8, about 7 to about 8.5, about 7 to about 9, about 7.5 to about 8, about 7.5 to about 8.5, about 7.5 to about 9, about 8 to about 8.5, about 8 to about 9, or about 8.5 to about 9.

[0151] In another embodiment, calcium oxide powder can be used to adjust the pH of the compositions disclosed herein. In some embodiments, calcium oxide powder is obtained from organic sources, such as seashells from marine organisms. In some embodiments, calcium oxide powder is obtained from inorganic sources, such as by synthetic chemical processes. In some embodiments, about 160 ppm of calcium oxide powder results in a composition having a pH of about 5.0 to about 5.2. In some embodiments, about 240 ppm of calcium oxide powder results in a composition having a pH of about 7.5 to about 7.8. In aspects of this embodiment, calcium oxide powder is used to adjust the pH of the compositions disclosed herein to, for example, at least 2, at least 3, at least 4, at least 5, at least 6, at least 7, at least 8, at least 9, at least 10, or at least 11. In other aspects of this embodiment, calcium oxide powder is used to adjust the pH of the compositions disclosed herein to, for example, at most 2, at most 3, at most 4, at most 5, at most 6, at most 7, at most 8, at most 9, at most 10, or at most 11.

[0152] In yet another aspect of this embodiment, the calcium oxide powder adjusts the pH of the compositions disclosed herein to, for example, about 2 to about 5, about 2 to about 5.5, about 2 to about 6, about 2 to about 6.5, about 2 to about 7, about 2 to about 7.5, about 2 to about 8, about 2 to about 8.5, about 2 to about 9, about 2.5 to about 5, about 2.5 to about 5.5, about 2.5 to about 6, about 2.5 to about 6.5, about 2.5 to about 7, about 2.5 to about 7.5, about 2.5 to about 8, about 2.5 to about 8.5, about 2.5 to about 9 , about 3 to about 5, about 3 to about 5.5, about 3 to about 6, about 3 to about 6.5, about 3 to about 7, about 3 to about 7.5, about 3 to about 8, about 3 to about 8.5, about 3 to about 9, about 3.5 to about 5, about 3.5 to about 5.5, about 3.5 to about 6, about 3.5 to about 6.5, about 3.5 to about 7, about 3.5 to about 7.5, about 3.5 to about 8, about 3.5 to about 8.5, about 3.5 to about 9, about 4 to about 5, about 4 to about 5.5, about 4 to about 6, about 4 to about 6.5, about 4 to about 7, about 4 to about 7.5, about 4 to about 8, about 4 to about 8.5, about 4 to about 9, about 4.5 to about 5, about 4.5 to about 5.5, about 4.5 to about 6, about 4.5 to about 6.5, about 4.5 to about 7, about 4.5 to about 7.5, about 4.5 to about 8, about 4.5 to about 8.5, about 4.5 to about 9, about 5 to about 5.5, about 5 to about 6, about 5 to about 6.5, about 5 to about 7, about 5 to about 7.5, about 5 to about 8, about 5 to about 8.5, about 5 to about 9, about 5.5 to about 6, about 5.5 to about 6.5, about 5.5 to about 7, about 5.5 to about 7.5, about 5.5 to about 8, It is used to make the viscosity about 5.5 to about 8.5, about 5.5 to about 9, about 6 to about 6.5, about 6 to about 7, about 6 to about 7.5, about 6 to about 8, about 6 to about 8.5, about 6 to about 9, about 6.5 to about 7, about 6.5 to about 7.5, about 6.5 to about 8, about 6.5 to about 8.5, about 6.5 to about 9, about 7 to about 7.5, about 7 to about 8, about 7 to about 8.5, about 7 to about 9, about 7.5 to about 8, about 7.5 to about 8.5, about 7.5 to about 9, about 8 to about 8.5, about 8 to about 9, or about 8.5 to about 9.

[0153] The compositions disclosed herein are resistant to inactivation upon exposure to bodily fluids. Bodily fluids contain charged molecules, including, but not limited to, blood and blood by-products such as plasma and serum. In one embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein are resistant to inactivation upon exposure to bodily fluids, for example, by exhibiting at most 1% inactivation, at most 2% inactivation, at most 3% inactivation, at most 4% inactivation, at most 5% inactivation, at most 6% inactivation, at most 7% inactivation, at most 8% inactivation, at most 9% inactivation, or at most 10% inactivation. In another embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein are resistant to inactivation upon exposure to bodily fluids, for example, by exhibiting at most 10% inactivation, at most 15% inactivation, at most 20% inactivation, at most 25% inactivation, at most 30% inactivation, at most 35% inactivation, at most 40% inactivation, at most 45% inactivation, or at most 50% inactivation. In another embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein, upon exposure to bodily fluids, exhibit, for example, about 1% to about 10% inactivation, about 1% to about 20% inactivation, about 1% to about 30% inactivation, about 1% to about 40% inactivation, about 1% to about 50% inactivation, about 5% to about 10% inactivation, about 5% to about 20% inactivation, about 5% to about 30% inactivation, about 5% to about 40% inactivation, about 5% to about 50% inactivation, Inactivation is resistant if the virus exhibits about 10% to about 20% inactivation, about 10% to about 30% inactivation, about 10% to about 40% inactivation, about 10% to about 50% inactivation, 20% to about 30% inactivation, about 20% to about 40% inactivation, about 20% to about 50% inactivation, about 30% to about 40% inactivation, about 30% to about 50% inactivation, or about 40% to about 50% inactivation.

[0154] In one embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein are resistant to inactivation when exposed to body fluid, for example, when hypochlorous acid is decomposed at most 1%, at most 2%, at most 3%, at most 4%, at most 5%, at most 6%, at most 7%, at most 8%, at most 9% or at most 10%.In another embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein are resistant to inactivation when exposed to body fluid, for example, when hypochlorous acid is decomposed at most 10%, at most 15%, at most 20%, at most 25%, at most 30%, at most 35%, at most 40%, at most 45%, at most 50%. In another embodiment, the compositions disclosed herein, upon exposure to bodily fluids, exhibit, for example, about 1% to about 10% decomposition of hypochlorous acid, about 1% to about 20% decomposition, about 1% to about 30% decomposition, about 1% to about 40% decomposition, about 1% to about 50% decomposition, about 5% to about 10% decomposition, about 5% to about 20% decomposition, about 5% to about 30% decomposition, about 5% to about 40% decomposition, about 5% to about 60% decomposition, about 5% to about 70% decomposition, about 5% to about 80% decompo...

Claims

1. A microbistatic composition comprising a microbistatic agent, the microbistatic agent comprising at least 0.1 ppm to at most 0.45 ppm hypochlorous acid; the pH of the composition is in the range of pH 4 to pH 6.5; The microbistatic composition inhibits, inhibits, or prevents the growth of a microbial population and reduces the growth of 1 x 10 of a microbial population within the first seven days of continuous exposure to the microbistatic composition. ２ a microbial sublethal composition that results in a fold or greater reduction; the microbistatic composition does not contain base metal salts, transition metal salts, ozone, or hydrogen peroxide; Microstatic composition.

2. 10. The microbistatic composition of claim 1, wherein the microbistatic composition is in an amount that does not eradicate the microbial population to the extent that disinfection or sterilization is achieved.

3. The microbistatic composition according to any one of claims 1 to 2, wherein the hypochlorous acid is in an amount of at least 0.1 ppm to at most 0.4 ppm.

4. The microbistatic composition of any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the hypochlorous acid is in an amount of at least 0.1 ppm to at most 0.3 ppm.

5. The microbistatic composition of any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the hypochlorous acid is in an amount of at least 0.1 ppm to at most 0.25 ppm.

6. 6. The microbistatic composition of any one of claims 1-5, wherein the microbistatic composition inhibits, inhibits, or prevents the growth of a microbial population for at least 14 days, at least 21 days, or at least 28 days.

7. The microbistatic composition of any one of claims 1 to 6, having an effective use stability of from about 1 hour to about 24 hours.

8. The microbistatic composition according to any one of claims 1 to 7, having a useful use stability of from about 1 day to about 30 days.

9. The microbistatic composition of any one of claims 1 to 8, having a shelf life stability of from about 3 months to about 24 months.

10. 10. The microbistatic composition of claim 9 having up to 25% decomposition of hypochlorous acid or free available chlorine.

11. A method for making the microbistatic composition of any one of claims 1 to 10, comprising: applying an electric current to a cell containing dissolved chlorine in water; and hydrolyzing chlorine gas to produce said microbistatic composition. Including, The cell comprises an anode chamber, a cathode chamber, and a semi-permeable membrane separating the anode chamber and the cathode chamber. method.

12. 11. A method for reducing or inhibiting microbial growth in water or an aqueous solution, the method comprising applying to the water or aqueous solution a microbistatically effective amount of the microbistatic composition of any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein application of the microbistatic composition reduces or inhibits growth of a microbial population.

13. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein application of the microbistatic composition inhibits, inhibits, or prevents the growth of a microbial population.

14. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein application of the microbistatic composition inhibits, inhibits, or prevents the growth of a microbial population without eradicating the microbial population to the extent that disinfection or sterilization is achieved.

15. 11. A method for reducing or inhibiting microbial growth in a device, the method comprising applying a microbistatic composition according to any one of claims 1 to 10 to water or an aqueous solution present in the device, wherein application of the microbistatic composition reduces or inhibits the growth of microbial populations during use or storage of the device.

16. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein application of the microbistatic composition inhibits, inhibits, or prevents the growth of microbial populations.

17. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein application of the microbistatic composition inhibits, inhibits, or prevents the growth of a microbial population without eradicating the microbial population to the extent that disinfection or sterilization is achieved.

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